{ "id": "R45204", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "R", "number": "R45204", "active": true, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com", "versions": [ { "summary": null, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R45204", "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "type": "CRS Report", "formats": [ { "sha1": "e7695027f2e388a8c28fef4c60eb2dcd251110a7", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45204/7", "filename": "files/2021-06-01_R45204_e7695027f2e388a8c28fef4c60eb2dcd251110a7.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2021-06-01_R45204_e7695027f2e388a8c28fef4c60eb2dcd251110a7.html" } ], "title": "Vehicle Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Standards: Frequently Asked Questions", "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "retrieved": "2021-06-29T04:03:29.924358", "date": "2021-06-01", "typeId": "R", "id": "R45204_7_2021-06-01", "active": true }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 603990, "date": "2019-08-26", "retrieved": "2019-08-26T22:05:30.911006", "title": "Vehicle Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Standards: Frequently Asked Questions", "summary": "The Trump Administration announced on April 2, 2018, its intent to revise through rulemaking the federal standards that regulate fuel economy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from new passenger cars and light trucks. These standards include the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards promulgated by the U.S. Department of Transportation\u2019s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Light-Duty Vehicle GHG emissions standards promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). They are known collectively\u2014along with California\u2019s Advanced Clean Car program\u2014as the National Program.\nNHTSA and EPA promulgated the second (current) phase of CAFE and GHG emissions standards affecting model year (MY) 2017-2025 light-duty vehicles on October 15, 2012. Like the initial phase of standards for MYs 2012-2016, the Phase 2 rulemaking was preceded by a multiparty agreement, brokered by the Obama White House. The agreement included the State of California, 13 auto manufacturers, and the United Auto Workers union. The manufacturers agreed to reduce GHG emissions from most new passenger cars, sport utility vehicles, vans, and pickup trucks by about 50% by 2025, compared to 2010, with fleet-wide fuel economy rising to nearly 50 miles per gallon.\nAs part of the Phase 2 rulemaking, EPA and NHTSA made a commitment to conduct a midterm evaluation for the latter half of the standards (i.e., MYs 2022-2025, for which EPA had finalized requirements and NHTSA, due to statutory limits, had proposed \u201caugural\u201d requirements). On November 30, 2016, the Obama Administration\u2019s EPA released a proposed determination stating that the MY 2022-2025 standards remained appropriate and that a rulemaking to change them was not warranted. On January 12, 2017, EPA finalized the determination.\nAfter President Trump took office, however, EPA and NHTSA announced their joint intention to reconsider the Obama Administration\u2019s final determination and reopen the midterm evaluation process. EPA released a revised final determination on April 2, 2018. It stated the MY 2022-2025 standards were \u201cnot appropriate and, therefore, should be revised,\u201d and that key assumptions in the January 2017 final determination\u2014including gasoline prices, technology costs, and consumer acceptance\u2014\u201cwere optimistic or have significantly changed.\u201d With this revision, EPA and NHTSA announced that they would initiate a new rulemaking. Until that rulemaking is complete, the current standards would remain in force.\nOn August 24, 2018, EPA and NHTSA proposed amendments to the existing CAFE and GHG emission standards. The Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule for MY 2021-2026 Passenger Cars and Light Trucks offers eight alternatives. The agencies\u2019 preferred alternative, if finalized, is to retain the existing standards through MY 2020 and then to freeze the standards at this level for both programs through MY 2026. A final rule has not yet been released.\nIn response to the proposals from the Trump Administration, California has restated its \u201ccontinued support for the current National Program and California\u2019s standards.\u201d On December 12, 2018, California approved a regulatory amendment to clarify that automakers must still comply with the state\u2019s existing light-duty vehicle GHG standards through MY 2025\u2014which includes standards in line with EPA\u2019s 2017 final determination and the 2012 rulemaking\u2014even if EPA and NHTSA approve a rollback of the national rules. EPA granted California a Clean Air Act preemption waiver for its GHG standards on July 8, 2009. \nA number of issues remain forefront regarding the CAFE and GHG emission standards, their design, purpose, and potential revision. These include (1) whether EPA has adequately justified its decision to revise the MY 2022-2025 standards and (2) whether California can continue to implement state standards that would be more stringent than the revised federal ones. These issues are informed by analyses regarding (1) whether the standards are technically and economically feasible; (2) the impact of the standards on GHG emissions and energy conservation; and (3) whether the standards adequately address consumer choice, safety, and other vehicle policies, both domestic and international.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/R45204", "sha1": "9b5134d14a71b438ebac277ade32ba692c5368c4", "filename": "files/20190826_R45204_9b5134d14a71b438ebac277ade32ba692c5368c4.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190826_R45204_images_d344b96690df803ed1eca975e570d50bdfb0a27a.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/9.png": "files/20190826_R45204_images_48a96d50c089a53b00997d31629abd12ad4c4ebf.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/2.png": "files/20190826_R45204_images_36be26688b71806127c9d38de63eca0579c7d5a2.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/7.png": "files/20190826_R45204_images_85014dc924b3d3614b8e848909e93cfb8a0d128f.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/8.png": "files/20190826_R45204_images_767cb4ff15e2735cdf7994c5455c296fb986ca81.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/6.png": "files/20190826_R45204_images_1ede3ddb78ce80ac861782b138ce154ecc7fe92b.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/1.png": "files/20190826_R45204_images_949450d05b95b1f399a88458de58dce578dcde84.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/4.png": "files/20190826_R45204_images_d15aa84b78756fe6107e72d20dbbb7df6801647b.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/5.png": "files/20190826_R45204_images_623a3c0c999d3d7b2225ca3288824759be8a75e9.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/3.png": "files/20190826_R45204_images_9456a9b1722ecc7628c2ce55c644eb6203a5fef1.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R45204", "sha1": "3f145570e778207a10e64af12ad4c13ff785f545", "filename": "files/20190826_R45204_3f145570e778207a10e64af12ad4c13ff785f545.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4750, "name": "Air Quality" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4781, "name": "Economic Impacts of Environmental Regulation" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4806, "name": "Manufacturing Policy" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4816, "name": "Rulemaking & Judicial Review" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4826, "name": "Highways & Highway Vehicles" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4842, "name": "Climate Change" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4843, "name": "Transportation Infrastructure & Vehicles" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4907, "name": "Energy Policy" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 584300, "date": "2018-05-24", "retrieved": "2019-04-18T14:21:22.125065", "title": "Vehicle Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Standards: Frequently Asked Questions", "summary": "The Trump Administration announced on April 2, 2018, its intent to revise through rulemaking the federal standards that regulate fuel economy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from new passenger cars and light trucks. These standards include the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards promulgated by the U.S. Department of Transportation\u2019s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Light-Duty Vehicle GHG emissions standards promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). They are known collectively\u2014along with California\u2019s Advanced Clean Car program\u2014as the National Program.\nNHTSA and EPA promulgated the second (current) phase of CAFE and GHG emissions standards affecting model year (MY) 2017-2025 light-duty vehicles on October 15, 2012. Like the initial phase of standards for MYs 2012-2016, the Phase 2 rulemaking was preceded by a multiparty agreement, brokered by the White House. The agreement included the State of California, 13 auto manufacturers, and the United Auto Workers union. The manufacturers agreed to reduce GHG emissions from most new passenger cars, sport utility vehicles, vans, and pickup trucks by about 50% by 2025, compared to 2010, with fleet-wide fuel economy rising to nearly 50 miles per gallon.\nAs part of the Phase 2 rulemaking, EPA and NHTSA made a commitment to conduct a midterm evaluation for the latter half of the standards (i.e., MYs 2022-2025, for which EPA had finalized requirements and NHTSA, due to statutory limits, had proposed \u201caugural\u201d requirements). On November 30, 2016, the Obama Administration\u2019s EPA released a proposed determination stating that the MY 2022-2025 standards remained appropriate and that a rulemaking to change them was not warranted. On January 12, 2017, EPA finalized the determination, stating \u201cthat the standards adopted in 2012 by the EPA remain feasible, practical and appropriate.\u201d\nAfter President Trump took office, however, EPA and NHTSA announced their joint intention to reconsider the Obama Administration\u2019s final determination and reopen the midterm evaluation process. EPA released a revised final determination on April 2, 2018. It stated the MY 2022-2025 standards were \u201cnot appropriate and, therefore, should be revised,\u201d and that key assumptions in the January 2017 final determination\u2014including gasoline prices, technology costs, and consumer acceptance\u2014\u201cwere optimistic or have significantly changed.\u201d With this revision, EPA and NHTSA announced that they would initiate a new rulemaking. Until that rulemaking is complete, the current standards would remain in force.\nIn response to the announcements from the Trump Administration, California has restated its \u201ccontinued support for the current National Program and California\u2019s standards.\u201d On March 24, 2017, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) passed a resolution to accept its staff\u2019s midterm evaluation of the state\u2019s Advanced Clean Car program\u2014which includes MY 2017-2025 vehicle GHG standards in line with EPA\u2019s 2017 final determination and the 2012 rulemaking. EPA granted CARB a Clean Air Act preemption waiver for its GHG standards on July 8, 2009.\nA number of issues remain forefront regarding the CAFE and GHG emission standards, their design, purpose, and potential revision. These include (1) whether EPA has adequately justified its decision to revise the MY 2022-2025 standards and (2) whether California can continue to implement state standards that would be more stringent than the revised federal ones. These issues are informed by analyses regarding (1) whether the standards are technically and economically feasible; (2) the impact of the standards on GHG emissions and energy conservation; and (3) whether the standards adequately address consumer choice, safety, and other vehicle policies, both domestic and international.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/R45204", "sha1": "037e31d0c634e477be23a6b3a7eeda18e1983d8c", "filename": "files/20180524_R45204_037e31d0c634e477be23a6b3a7eeda18e1983d8c.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180524_R45204_images_39633bd9a2c78e62a012bc391828d2ff32256865.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/2.png": "files/20180524_R45204_images_e83c86600cd9c08e398f9b4f403b1c8f510490c2.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/7.png": "files/20180524_R45204_images_ca0fae41503ff3136e5b321fe887e54e3279e0f4.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/8.png": "files/20180524_R45204_images_48a96d50c089a53b00997d31629abd12ad4c4ebf.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/6.png": "files/20180524_R45204_images_608c08e8bb234f879de0fe948091cedeb15cdd5f.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/1.png": "files/20180524_R45204_images_ca4cdf0fd3be1c16fc90d5246790a7fee22d32de.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/4.png": "files/20180524_R45204_images_009dba1d9c3262b4c6a51f7e915f781a96de7829.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/5.png": "files/20180524_R45204_images_2243382966bfca51b3b1c74b7e8bf55882629b49.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45204_files&id=/3.png": "files/20180524_R45204_images_4997d93f93bdcdc49631448da1bd27751916daec.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R45204", "sha1": "864de67a4308be0cf84310acbcadedc9e6e0a980", "filename": "files/20180524_R45204_864de67a4308be0cf84310acbcadedc9e6e0a980.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4781, "name": "Economic Impacts of Environmental Regulation" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4806, "name": "Manufacturing Policy" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4816, "name": "Rulemaking & Judicial Review" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4826, "name": "Highways & Highway Vehicles" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4842, "name": "Climate Change" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4843, "name": "Transportation Infrastructure & Vehicles" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4907, "name": "Energy Policy" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Energy Policy", "Environmental Policy", "Industry and Trade", "Science and Technology Policy" ] }