{ "id": "R44874", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "R44874", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 617653, "date": "2019-10-01", "retrieved": "2020-02-21T23:20:26.854028", "title": "The Budget Control Act: Frequently Asked Questions", "summary": "When there is concern with deficit or debt levels, Congress will sometimes implement budget enforcement mechanisms to mandate specific budgetary policies or fiscal outcomes. The Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25), which was signed into law on August 2, 2011, includes several such mechanisms. \nThe BCA as amended has three main components that currently affect the annual budget. One component imposes annual statutory discretionary spending limits for defense and nondefense spending. A second component requires annual reductions to the initial discretionary spending limits triggered by the absence of a deficit reduction agreement from a committee formed by the BCA. Third are annual automatic mandatory spending reductions triggered by the same absence of a deficit reduction agreement. Each of those components is described in further detail in this report. The discretionary spending limits (and annual reductions) are currently scheduled to remain in effect through FY2021, while the mandatory spending reductions are scheduled to remain in effect through FY2029.\nCongress may modify or repeal any aspect of the BCA procedures, but such changes require the enactment of legislation. Several pieces of legislation have changed the spending limits or enforcement procedures included in the BCA with respect to each year from FY2013 through FY2029. These include the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA; P.L. 112-240), the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 (BBA 2013; P.L. 113-67, also referred to as the Murray-Ryan agreement), the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (BBA 2015; P.L. 114-74), the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (BBA 2018; P.L. 115-123), and the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019 (BBA 2019; P.L. 116-37). \nThose laws included changes to the discretionary limits imposed by the BCA that increased deficits in each year from FY2013 to FY2021. Under current law there are no discretionary spending caps in place for FY2022 and beyond. Following enactment of BBA 2019, the discretionary caps in FY2020 are scheduled to be approximately $667 billion for defense activities and $622 billion for nondefense activities, and the FY2021 discretionary caps are scheduled to be $672 billion for defense activities and $627 billion for nondefense activities.\nThis report addresses several frequently asked questions related to the BCA and the annual budget.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/R44874", "sha1": "17061a76c2bd1aa0592f986c89b995728a285847", "filename": "files/20191001_R44874_17061a76c2bd1aa0592f986c89b995728a285847.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R44874", "sha1": "95b03a420ea28a341e0e1ba179185349c3f59f03", "filename": "files/20191001_R44874_95b03a420ea28a341e0e1ba179185349c3f59f03.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 585277, "date": "2018-02-23", "retrieved": "2018-10-06T00:37:58.973836", "title": "The Budget Control Act: Frequently Asked Questions", "summary": "When there is concern with deficit or debt levels, Congress will sometimes implement budget enforcement mechanisms to mandate specific budgetary policies or fiscal outcomes. The Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25), which was signed into law on August 2, 2011, includes several such mechanisms. \nThe BCA as amended has three main components that currently affect the annual budget. One component imposes annual statutory discretionary spending limits for defense and nondefense spending. A second component requires annual reductions to the initial discretionary spending limits triggered by the absence of a deficit reduction agreement from a committee formed by the BCA. Third are annual automatic mandatory spending reductions triggered by the same absence of a deficit reduction agreement. Each of those components is described in further detail in this report. The discretionary spending limits (and annual reductions) are currently scheduled to remain in effect through FY2021, while the mandatory spending reductions are scheduled to remain in effect through FY2027.\nCongress may modify or repeal any aspect of the BCA procedures, but such changes require the enactment of legislation. Several pieces of legislation have changed the spending limits or enforcement procedures included in the BCA with respect to each year from FY2013 through FY2017. These include the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA; P.L. 112-240), the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 (BBA 2013; P.L. 113-67, also referred to as the Murray-Ryan agreement), the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (BBA 2015; P.L. 114-74), and the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (BBA 2018; P.L. 115-123). \nThose laws included changes to the discretionary limits imposed by the BCA that increased deficits in each year from FY2013-FY2019. No change has been enacted for FY2020 and beyond, so the discretionary spending limits for FY2020 and FY2021 remain at the level prescribed by the BCA. Following enactment of BBA 2018, the discretionary caps in FY2018 are scheduled to be approximately $629 billion for defense activities and $579 billion for nondefense activities\u2014higher than the levels of $551 billion and $519 billion, respectively, in FY2017. Combined, the limits for FY2018 are $138 billion higher than the FY2017 level.\nThis report addresses several frequently asked questions related to the BCA and the annual budget.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R44874", "sha1": "52e3f8343bde694c95b3006c8ed640b79193603f", "filename": "files/20180223_R44874_52e3f8343bde694c95b3006c8ed640b79193603f.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R44874", "sha1": "4d2eca3d70319ae641a3cfe0966af4dd3f408ada", "filename": "files/20180223_R44874_4d2eca3d70319ae641a3cfe0966af4dd3f408ada.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 463802, "date": "2017-09-01", "retrieved": "2017-10-02T22:33:25.246425", "title": "The Budget Control Act: Frequently Asked Questions", "summary": "When there is concern with deficit or debt levels, Congress will sometimes implement budget enforcement mechanisms to mandate specific budgetary policies or fiscal outcomes. The Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25), which was signed into law on August 2, 2011, includes several such mechanisms. \nThe BCA as amended has three main components that currently affect the annual budget. One component imposes annual statutory discretionary spending limits for defense and nondefense spending. A second component requires annual reductions to the initial discretionary spending limits triggered by the absence of a deficit reduction agreement from a committee formed by the BCA. Third are annual automatic mandatory spending reductions triggered by the same absence of a deficit reduction agreement. Each of those components is described in further detail in this report. The discretionary spending limits (and annual reductions) are currently scheduled to remain in effect through FY2021, while the mandatory spending reductions are scheduled to remain in effect through FY2025.\nCongress may modify or repeal any aspect of the BCA procedures, but such changes require the enactment of legislation. Several pieces of legislation have changed the spending limits or enforcement procedures included in the BCA with respect to each year from FY2013 through FY2017. These include the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA/P.L. 112-240), the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 (BBA 2013/P.L. 113-67, also referred to as the Murray-Ryan agreement), and the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (BBA 2015/P.L. 114-74). \nThose laws included changes to the discretionary limits imposed by the BCA that increased deficits in each year from FY2013-FY2017. No change has been enacted for FY2018 and beyond, so the discretionary spending limits for FY2018 through FY2021 remain at the level prescribed by the BCA. The discretionary caps in FY2018 are scheduled to be approximately $549 billion for defense activities and $516 billion for nondefense activities\u2014slightly lower than the levels of $551 billion and $519 billion, respectively, in FY2017. Combined, the limits for FY2018 are $5 billion lower than the FY2017 level.\nThis report addresses several frequently asked questions related to the BCA and the annual budget.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R44874", "sha1": "d6933d12e185407e1a1cbdcd62e7532905418196", "filename": "files/20170901_R44874_d6933d12e185407e1a1cbdcd62e7532905418196.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44874_files&id=/0.png": "files/20170901_R44874_images_4e3d3201e3d0cda0b2ad0787236eced42f314baf.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R44874", "sha1": "eb7b8042b10026dcb50a326fd1f0c1136271dbba", "filename": "files/20170901_R44874_eb7b8042b10026dcb50a326fd1f0c1136271dbba.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 462153, "date": "2017-06-22", "retrieved": "2017-08-22T14:13:04.856782", "title": "The Budget Control Act: Frequently Asked Questions", "summary": "When there is concern with deficit or debt levels, Congress will sometimes implement budget enforcement mechanisms to mandate specific budgetary policies or fiscal outcomes. The Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25), which was signed into law on August 2, 2011, includes several such mechanisms. \nThe BCA as amended has three main components that currently affect the annual budget. One component imposes annual statutory discretionary spending limits for defense and nondefense spending. A second component requires annual reductions to the initial discretionary spending limits triggered by the absence of a deficit reduction agreement from a committee formed by the BCA. Third are annual automatic mandatory spending reductions triggered by the same absence of a deficit reduction agreement. Each of those components is described in further detail in this report. The discretionary spending limits (and annual reductions) are currently scheduled to remain in effect through FY2021, while the mandatory spending reductions are scheduled to remain in effect through FY2025.\nCongress may modify or repeal any aspect of the BCA procedures, but such changes require the enactment of legislation. Several pieces of legislation have changed the spending limits or enforcement procedures included in the BCA with respect to each year from FY2013 through FY2017. These include the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA/P.L. 112-240), the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 (BBA 2013/P.L. 113-67, also referred to as the Murray-Ryan agreement), and the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (BBA 2015/P.L. 114-74). \nThose laws included changes to the discretionary limits imposed by the BCA that increased deficits in each year from FY2013-FY2017. No change has been enacted for FY2018 and beyond, so the discretionary spending limits for FY2018 through FY2021 remain at the level prescribed by the BCA. The discretionary caps in FY2018 are scheduled to be approximately $549 billion for defense activities and $516 billion for nondefense activities\u2014slightly lower than the levels of $551 billion and $519 billion, respectively, in FY2017. Combined, the limits for FY2018 are $5 billion lower than the FY2017 level.\nThis report addresses several frequently asked questions related to the BCA and the annual budget.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R44874", "sha1": "39ad01620ce94d725ad1e9f0237186c1e0a81000", "filename": "files/20170622_R44874_39ad01620ce94d725ad1e9f0237186c1e0a81000.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44874_files&id=/0.png": "files/20170622_R44874_images_4e3d3201e3d0cda0b2ad0787236eced42f314baf.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R44874", "sha1": "f06968dbb43e208a6cfb0711f30ee14ae6cf0508", "filename": "files/20170622_R44874_f06968dbb43e208a6cfb0711f30ee14ae6cf0508.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [] } ], "topics": [ "Economic Policy", "Intelligence and National Security", "Legislative Process", "National Defense" ] }