{ "id": "R44856", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "R44856", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 605195, "date": "2019-09-18", "retrieved": "2019-09-19T22:18:12.697844", "title": "Air Force T-7A Red Hawk Trainer", "summary": "NOTE: This report was originally written by Ceir Coral while he was an Air Force Fellow at the Congressional Research Service. Since his departure, it has been maintained by Jeremiah Gertler of CRS. \nOn September 27, 2018, the United States Air Force (USAF) awarded The Boeing Company a contract, worth up to $9.2 billion, to procure 351 Advanced Pilot Training (APT T-X) aircraft and 46 Ground-Based Training Systems (GBTS) to replace the existing fleet of T-38C jet trainers. The Air Force had originally valued the contract at roughly $19.7 billion. Information on the value of other competitors\u2019 bids was not available.\nOn September 16, 2019, Acting Secretary of the Air Force Matthew Donovan announced that in service, the T-X aircraft would be known as the T-7A Red Hawk. In this report, \u201cAPT T-X\u201d will be used to identify the entire training system, while \u201cT-7A\u201d will refer to the aircraft portion of that system.\nThe FY2020 Administration budget request included $348.473 million for the APT T-X.\nAccording to the USAF, the current T-38C trainer fleet is old, costly, and outdated, and lacks the technology to train future pilots for fifth-generation fighter and bomber operations. Based on Air Education Training Command\u2019s evaluation of the required capabilities to train future pilots for fifth-generation fighters and bombers, the T-38C falls short in 12 of 18 capabilities, forcing the USAF to train for those capabilities in operational units where flying hours are costly and can affect fleet readiness.\nBased on the requirements set forth in the USAF\u2019s RFP, the T-7A may shift training from Field Training Units, where expensive fifth-generation aircraft are used, to less expensive trainer aircraft. Also, the higher fidelity GBTS could improve training for student pilots and move many tasks from aerial flight training into simulators. \nThe T-7A acquisition strategy poses potential oversight issues for Congress, including the following: Is the number of planned aircraft purchases sufficient? Given the reported Air Force pilot shortage, should the procurement be accelerated? What effects do increased F-35A and KC-46 purchases, along with development of the new Long Range Strike Bomber, B-21, have on the USAF budget and the feasibility of an additional Major Defense Acquisition Program? Given that the winning bid was roughly half the expected cost, can the contract be carried out on time and on budget?", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/R44856", "sha1": "3805744b6633b05c334100129c930c0786bbb2b3", "filename": "files/20190918_R44856_3805744b6633b05c334100129c930c0786bbb2b3.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/9.png": "files/20190918_R44856_images_e8d63126626aa8d20f830ba3d3028c3ef7a7f308.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/3.png": "files/20190918_R44856_images_690cfe4ab57bb553e3f300c2ba880da9f1b6a51e.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/8.png": "files/20190918_R44856_images_ab7bb7fccfb732c4ab5bbf2b625371908af35b2d.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/7.png": "files/20190918_R44856_images_62f3c1f702d4414e22d960a0fcfbe84b27b0334a.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/4.png": "files/20190918_R44856_images_2683dd4891d8b78860e223577e1a72f22966fbd6.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/11.png": "files/20190918_R44856_images_d9250492d6ea68c16f7318d83d38fb7b628b3ad7.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/1.png": "files/20190918_R44856_images_bfdda9eb63b8566ef579e762afb7df3bcef76b91.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/2.png": "files/20190918_R44856_images_00fea419f867222c44f7986e3c0dc1784b54b250.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/5.png": "files/20190918_R44856_images_a79c45d19722527aab425bf05783ca9c09d07cd8.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190918_R44856_images_ca37c0898412b3e5ff925abcee8ec70e33eb6e3e.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/6.png": "files/20190918_R44856_images_98757814714995e0d8fd9a448c5166e59702d74b.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/10.png": "files/20190918_R44856_images_a137cb1004acd5f787b80b734f6bde54d5566314.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R44856", "sha1": "cac05d7a542f8383e8a28fb636095d538df593d8", "filename": "files/20190918_R44856_cac05d7a542f8383e8a28fb636095d538df593d8.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4778, "name": "Defense Budgets & Appropriations" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4837, "name": "Defense Authorization" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 585777, "date": "2018-10-01", "retrieved": "2018-10-02T15:20:22.782188", "title": "Advanced Pilot Training (T-X) Program", "summary": "NOTE: This report was originally written by Ceir Coral while he was an Air Force Fellow at the Congressional Research Service. Since his departure, it has been maintained by Jeremiah Gertler of CRS. \nOn September 27, 2018, the United States Air Force (USAF) awarded The Boeing Company a contract, worth up to $9.2 billion, to procure 351 Advanced Pilot Training (APT T-X) aircraft and 46 Ground-Based Training Systems (GBTS) to replace the existing fleet of T-38C jet trainers. The Air Force had originally valued the contract at roughly $19.7 billion. Information on the value of other competitors\u2019 bids was not available.\nThe FY2019 Administration budget request included $265.465 million for the T-X.\nAccording to the USAF, the T-38C trainer fleet is old, costly, and outdated, and lacks the technology to train future pilots for fifth-generation fighter and bomber operations. Based on Air Education Training Command\u2019s evaluation of the required capabilities to train future pilots for fifth-generation fighters and bombers, the T-38C falls short in 12 of 18 capabilities, forcing the USAF to train for those capabilities in operational units where flying hours are costly and can affect fleet readiness.\nBased on the requirements set forth in the USAF\u2019s RFP, the APT T-X aircraft may shift training from Field Training Units, where expensive fifth-generation aircraft are used, to less expensive trainer aircraft. Also, the higher fidelity GBTS could improve training for student pilots and move many tasks from aerial flight training into simulators. \nThe APT T-X acquisition strategy poses potential oversight issues for Congress, including the following: Is the number of planned aircraft purchases sufficient? Given the reported Air Force pilot shortage, should the procurement be accelerated? What effects do increased F-35A and KC-46 purchases, along with development of the new Long Range Strike Bomber, B-21, have on the USAF budget and the feasibility of an additional Major Defense Acquisition Program? Given that the winning bid was roughly half the expected cost, can the contract be carried out on time and on budget?", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R44856", "sha1": "58671338ffb7a6b918bb3096a93fcf800ec3997a", "filename": "files/20181001_R44856_58671338ffb7a6b918bb3096a93fcf800ec3997a.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/9.png": "files/20181001_R44856_images_e8d63126626aa8d20f830ba3d3028c3ef7a7f308.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/3.png": "files/20181001_R44856_images_690cfe4ab57bb553e3f300c2ba880da9f1b6a51e.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/8.png": "files/20181001_R44856_images_ab7bb7fccfb732c4ab5bbf2b625371908af35b2d.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/10.png": "files/20181001_R44856_images_a137cb1004acd5f787b80b734f6bde54d5566314.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/7.png": "files/20181001_R44856_images_62f3c1f702d4414e22d960a0fcfbe84b27b0334a.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/4.png": "files/20181001_R44856_images_2683dd4891d8b78860e223577e1a72f22966fbd6.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/11.png": "files/20181001_R44856_images_d9250492d6ea68c16f7318d83d38fb7b628b3ad7.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/1.png": "files/20181001_R44856_images_bfdda9eb63b8566ef579e762afb7df3bcef76b91.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/5.png": "files/20181001_R44856_images_a79c45d19722527aab425bf05783ca9c09d07cd8.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/0.png": "files/20181001_R44856_images_ca37c0898412b3e5ff925abcee8ec70e33eb6e3e.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/6.png": "files/20181001_R44856_images_98757814714995e0d8fd9a448c5166e59702d74b.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/2.png": "files/20181001_R44856_images_00fea419f867222c44f7986e3c0dc1784b54b250.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R44856", "sha1": "219e73ba0045b4bd4ff4ede4e74e59e3bbf48b66", "filename": "files/20181001_R44856_219e73ba0045b4bd4ff4ede4e74e59e3bbf48b66.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4778, "name": "Defense Budgets & Appropriations" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4837, "name": "Defense Authorization" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 581289, "date": "2018-05-21", "retrieved": "2018-05-22T13:05:04.890552", "title": "Advanced Pilot Training (T-X) Program: Background and Issues for Congress", "summary": "NOTE: This report was originally written by Ceir Coral while he was an Air Force Fellow at the Congressional Research Service. Since his departure, it has been maintained by Jeremiah Gertler of CRS. \nOn December 30, 2016, the United States Air Force (USAF) issued a final solicitation and request for proposal (RFP) to industry to replace the USAF trainer fleet of T-38C Talon aircraft and associated ground-based training systems. The USAF intends to buy 350 Advanced Pilot Training (APT T-X) aircraft and 46 Ground-Based Training Systems (GBTS), a contract valued at roughly $1.5 billion for the research, design, test, and evaluation phase of the program and estimated $18 billion in future procurement.\nThe FY2019 Administration budget request included $265.465million for the T-X.\nContract award was anticipated in December 2017. However, the FY2019 defense budget submission now projects an award sometime in FY2018.\nAccording to the USAF, the T-38C trainer fleet is old, costly, and outdated. It lacks the technology to train future pilots for fifth-generation fighter and bomber operations. Based on Air Education Training Command\u2019s evaluation of the required capabilities to train future pilots for fifth-generation fighters and bombers, the T-38C falls short in 12 of 18 capabilities, forcing the USAF to train for those capabilities in operational units where flying hours are costly and can affect fleet readiness.\nBased on the requirements set forth in the USAF\u2019s RFP, the APT T-X aircraft may shift training from Field Training Units, where expensive fifth-generation aircraft are used, to less expensive trainer aircraft. Also, the higher fidelity GBTS could improve training for student pilots and move many tasks from aerial flight training into simulators. \nIndustry has worked closely with the USAF in shaping the requirements to facilitate better understanding and improve acquisition effectiveness. Some analysts believe the source selection plan is focused on price as the dominant factor. A field that started with five viable offerors has been reduced to three.\nThe APT T-X acquisition strategy poses potential oversight issues for Congress, including the following: Is the number of planned aircraft purchases sufficient? Given the reported pilot shortage, should the procurement be accelerated? What effects do increased F-35A and KC-46 purchases, along with development of the new Long Range Strike Bomber, B-21, have on the USAF budget and the feasibility of an additional Major Defense Acquisition Program?", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R44856", "sha1": "4241bdd43d99664f4c1ea0e549d40459218fc35c", "filename": "files/20180521_R44856_4241bdd43d99664f4c1ea0e549d40459218fc35c.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/9.png": "files/20180521_R44856_images_e8d63126626aa8d20f830ba3d3028c3ef7a7f308.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/3.png": "files/20180521_R44856_images_690cfe4ab57bb553e3f300c2ba880da9f1b6a51e.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/8.png": "files/20180521_R44856_images_ab7bb7fccfb732c4ab5bbf2b625371908af35b2d.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/10.png": "files/20180521_R44856_images_a137cb1004acd5f787b80b734f6bde54d5566314.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/7.png": "files/20180521_R44856_images_62f3c1f702d4414e22d960a0fcfbe84b27b0334a.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/4.png": "files/20180521_R44856_images_2683dd4891d8b78860e223577e1a72f22966fbd6.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/11.png": "files/20180521_R44856_images_d9250492d6ea68c16f7318d83d38fb7b628b3ad7.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/1.png": "files/20180521_R44856_images_bfdda9eb63b8566ef579e762afb7df3bcef76b91.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/5.png": "files/20180521_R44856_images_a79c45d19722527aab425bf05783ca9c09d07cd8.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180521_R44856_images_ca37c0898412b3e5ff925abcee8ec70e33eb6e3e.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/6.png": "files/20180521_R44856_images_98757814714995e0d8fd9a448c5166e59702d74b.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/2.png": "files/20180521_R44856_images_00fea419f867222c44f7986e3c0dc1784b54b250.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R44856", "sha1": "81ee5c74d969159ce338f9f91b4837609d20656e", "filename": "files/20180521_R44856_81ee5c74d969159ce338f9f91b4837609d20656e.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4778, "name": "Defense Budgets & Appropriations" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4837, "name": "Defense Authorization" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 577953, "date": "2017-12-07", "retrieved": "2018-05-10T11:55:41.042171", "title": "Advanced Pilot Training (T-X) Program", "summary": "NOTE: This report was originally written by Ceir Coral while he was an Air Force Fellow at the Congressional Research Service. Since his departure, it has been maintained by Jeremiah Gertler of CRS.\nOn December 30, 2016, the United States Air Force (USAF) issued a final solicitation and request for proposal (RFP) to industry to replace the USAF trainer fleet of T-38C Talon aircraft and associated ground-based training systems. The USAF intends to buy 350 Advanced Pilot Training (APT T-X) aircraft and 46 Ground-Based Training Systems (GBTS), a contract valued at roughly $1.5 billion for the research, design, test, and evaluation phase of the program and estimated $18 billion in future procurement.\nThe APT T-X acquisition strategy poses potential oversight issues for Congress, including the following: Is the number of planned aircraft purchases sufficient? Given the reported pilot shortage, should the procurement be accelerated? What effects do increased F-35A & KC-46 purchases, along with development of the new B-21 Raider bomber, have on the USAF budget and the feasibility of an additional Major Defense Acquisition Program?\nAccording to the USAF, the T-38C trainer fleet is old, costly, and outdated. It lacks the technology to train future pilots for fifth-generation fighter and bomber operations. Based on Air Education Training Command\u2019s evaluation of the required capabilities to train future pilots for fifth-generation fighters and bombers, the T-38C falls short in 12 of 18 capabilities, forcing the USAF to train for those capabilities in operational units where flying hours are costly and can affect fleet readiness.\nThe APT T-X aircraft is intended to shift training from Field Training Units, where expensive fifth-generation aircraft are used, to less expensive trainer aircraft. Also, the higher fidelity GBTS could improve training for student pilots and move many tasks from aerial flight training into simulators. \nIndustry has worked closely with the USAF in shaping the requirements to facilitate better understanding and improve acquisition effectiveness. Some analysts believe the source selection plan is focused on price as the dominant factor. A field that started with five viable offerors has been reduced to three.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R44856", "sha1": "6d5a643b707b9b1268e19ecc98a1a7334621a2a0", "filename": "files/20171207_R44856_6d5a643b707b9b1268e19ecc98a1a7334621a2a0.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/9.png": "files/20171207_R44856_images_eb3481ea7be990ae0b5c4bf616ebcaac33ba96d5.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/3.png": "files/20171207_R44856_images_78f275eda20c054fe44d75b5b2ace398b0ead764.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/8.png": "files/20171207_R44856_images_12db48c332eb59a679cf5995405b5971ef8198df.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/7.png": "files/20171207_R44856_images_e405e8414ddc37bd2e7f2f8058ae01dcb29ad714.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/4.png": "files/20171207_R44856_images_7ee84b449c29646229b115fa99797407a4517f69.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/11.png": "files/20171207_R44856_images_6b46e030d5115550c99d97afbb06e093975ca1ca.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/0.png": "files/20171207_R44856_images_6710392a46dbd6766026dac1f420131b02ea37af.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/1.png": "files/20171207_R44856_images_4cdbd8949bf9987f887b36bb8535a6f6e333ac0a.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/5.png": "files/20171207_R44856_images_0d1131f79de75b48f92afe351bc42370365a0bb5.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/10.png": "files/20171207_R44856_images_91a96e8c207fb1be0f264946bb0932c46d21ad92.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/6.png": "files/20171207_R44856_images_bcaf50a9b26c534c4438ebd2fdecc9ab02f1930c.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44856_files&id=/2.png": "files/20171207_R44856_images_9cc3b71b2ebc92261f6ce43a3c63cec4809f708f.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R44856", "sha1": "43abc51d0641c505a0132b3de44d937d898e89b2", "filename": "files/20171207_R44856_43abc51d0641c505a0132b3de44d937d898e89b2.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4778, "name": "Defense Budgets & Appropriations" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4837, "name": "Defense Authorization" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 461599, "date": "2017-05-31", "retrieved": "2017-08-22T14:34:03.981952", "title": "Advanced Pilot Training (T-X) Program: Background and Issues for Congress", "summary": "On December 30, 2016, the United States Air Force (USAF) issued a final solicitation and request for proposal (RFP) to industry to replace the USAF trainer fleet of T-38C Talon aircraft and associated ground-based training systems. The USAF intends to buy 350 Advanced Pilot Training (APT T-X) aircraft and 46 Ground-Based Training Systems (GBTS), a contract valued at roughly $1.5 billion for the Research, Design, Test, and Evaluation phase of the program and estimated $18 billion in future procurement.\nThe APT T-X acquisition strategy poses potential oversight issues for Congress, including the following: Is the number of planned aircraft purchases sufficient? Given the reported pilot shortage, should the procurement be accelerated? What effects do increased F-35A & KC-46 purchases, along with development of the new Long Range Strike Bomber, B-21, have on the USAF budget and the feasibility of an additional Major Defense Acquisition Program?\nAccording to the USAF, the T-38C trainer fleet is old, costly, and outdated. It lacks the technology to train future pilots for fifth-generation fighter and bomber operations. Based on Air Education Training Command\u2019s evaluation of the required capabilities to train future pilots for fifth-generation fighters and bombers, the T-38C falls short in 12 of 18 capabilities, forcing the USAF to train for those capabilities in operational units where flying hours are costly and can affect fleet readiness.\nBased on the requirements set forth in the USAF\u2019s RFP, the APT T-X aircraft may shift training from Field Training Units, where expensive fifth-generation aircraft are used, to less expensive trainer aircraft. Also, the higher fidelity GBTS could improve training for student pilots and move many tasks from aerial flight training into simulators. \nIndustry has worked closely with the USAF in shaping the requirements to facilitate better understanding and improve acquisition effectiveness. Some analysts believe the source selection plan is focused on price as the dominant factor. 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