{
  "id": "R44681",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "R44681",
  "active": true,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 457803,
      "date": "2016-11-08",
      "retrieved": "2016-12-22T16:35:52.083688",
      "title": "Intelligence Community Programs, Management, and Enduring Issues",
      "summary": "Congress\u2019s and the American public\u2019s ability to oversee and understand how intelligence dollars are spent is limited by the secrecy that surrounds the intelligence budget process. Yet, total spending on the Intelligence Community (IC) programs discussed in this report equates to approximately $70 billion dollars\u2014roughly 10% of national defense spending. This report is designed to shed light on the IC budget\u2014in terms of its programs, management, and enduring issues\u2014using unclassified materials available in the public domain.\nThis report focuses those IC programs, grouped, for the most part, under two labels: (1) the National Intelligence Program (NIP), and (2) the Military Intelligence Program (MIP). Nevertheless, the combined NIP and MIP budgets do not encompass the total of U.S. intelligence-related spending. Intelligence-related programs that are not part of the IC include, for example, the large Office of Intelligence within the Department of Homeland Security\u2019s (DHS\u2019s) Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) division. The ICE Office of Intelligence is not included in the IC because, theoretically, ICE activities primarily support the DHS mission to protect the homeland. \nThis report explains the management structure for the NIP and MIP to include their two separate budget processes and the roles of the Director of National Intelligence and the Under Secretary of Defense (Intelligence). The concluding section of this report considers the ability of the U.S. government to make the best use of its intelligence-related resources when: (1) total intelligence spending is impossible to calculate; (2) its management and oversight is completely decentralized; and (3) IC funding alone is largely divided into two categories (NIP and MIP)\u2013managed within the executive branch separately, justified to Congress separately, and overseen by separate congressional committees. \nThe Appendices are designed, in a number of cases, to provide quick reference tables summarizing the more detailed information available in the body of the report.\nAppendix A provides a summary of intelligence disciplines.\nAppendix B provides very brief explanations of NIP and MIP subordinate programs. \nAppendix C examines two unique and relatively obscure NIP programs, the Central Intelligence Agency\u2019s Retirement and Disability System and the IC\u2019s Community Management Account.\nAppendix D briefly describes a program called the Homeland Security Intelligence Program (HSIP). \nAppendix E provides a summary table of management hats. (Senior executives are often referred to as dual-hatted, triple-hatted, and so on, when they are charged with a number of different roles and responsibilities and associated titles.)\nAppendix F provides a summary table comparing the IPPBE and PPBE budget systems.\nAppendix G provides a figure illustrating the ways in which the IPPBE and PPBE are integrated.\nAppendix H provides a list of IC-related acronyms, many of which are commonly used in this report.\nFor more on IC spending trends, see CRS Report R44381, Intelligence Community Spending: Trends and Issues, by Anne Daugherty Miles.",
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      "typeId": "REPORTS",
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  "topics": [
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "Intelligence and National Security",
    "National Defense"
  ]
}