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      "title": "Deeming Resolutions: Budget Enforcement in the Absence of a Budget Resolution",
      "summary": "The budget resolution reflects an agreement between the House and Senate on a budgetary plan for the upcoming fiscal year. Once agreed to by both chambers in the exact same form, the budget resolution creates parameters that may be enforced by (1) points of order and (2) using the budget reconciliation process. \nWhen the House and Senate do not reach final agreement on this plan, it may be more difficult for Congress to reach agreement on subsequent budgetary legislation, both within each chamber and between the chambers.\nIn the absence of agreement on a budget resolution, Congress may employ alternative legislative tools to serve as a substitute for a budget resolution. These substitutes are typically referred to as \u201cdeeming resolutions,\u201d because they are deemed to serve in place of an annual budget resolution for the purposes of establishing enforceable budget levels for the upcoming fiscal year. \nSince the creation of the budget resolution, there have been 10 years in which Congress did not come to agreement on a budget resolution. In each of those years, one or both chambers employed at least one deeming resolution to serve as a substitute for a budget resolution.\nWhile referred to as deeming resolutions, such mechanisms are not formally defined and have no specifically prescribed content. Instead, they represent the House and Senate, often separately, engaging legislative procedures to deal with enforcement issues on an ad hoc basis. As described below, the mechanisms can vary significantly in content and timing. This report covers the use of deeming resolutions pertaining to fiscal years for which the House and Senate did not agree on a budget resolution.\nWhile neither the House nor Senate have yet adopted a budget resolution for FY2020, they may still do so. In the meantime, on April 9, 2019, the House passed a deeming resolution for FY2020, H.Res. 293.",
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      "id": 586953,
      "date": "2018-10-29",
      "retrieved": "2018-10-31T14:17:34.097918",
      "title": "Deeming Resolutions: Budget Enforcement in the Absence of a Budget Resolution",
      "summary": "The budget resolution reflects an agreement between the House and Senate on a budgetary plan for the upcoming fiscal year. Once agreed to by both chambers in the exact same form, the budget resolution creates parameters that may be enforced by (1) points of order and (2) using the budget reconciliation process. \nWhen the House and Senate do not reach final agreement on this plan, it may be more difficult for Congress to reach agreement on subsequent budgetary legislation, both within each chamber and between the chambers.\nIn the absence of agreement on a budget resolution, Congress may employ alternative legislative tools to serve as a substitute for a budget resolution. These substitutes are typically referred to as \u201cdeeming resolutions,\u201d because they are deemed to serve in place of an annual budget resolution for the purposes of establishing enforceable budget levels for the upcoming fiscal year. \nSince the creation of the budget resolution, there have been nine years in which Congress did not come to agreement on a budget resolution. In each of those years, one or both chambers employed at least one deeming resolution to serve as a substitute for a budget resolution.\nWhile referred to as deeming resolutions, such mechanisms are not formally defined and have no specifically prescribed content. Instead, they simply represent the House and Senate, often separately, engaging legislative procedures to deal with enforcement issues on an ad hoc basis. As described below, the mechanisms can vary significantly in content and timing. This report covers the use of deeming resolutions pertaining to fiscal years for which the House and Senate did not agree on a budget resolution.\nWhile the House and Senate have not yet adopted a budget resolution for FY2019, they may still do so. In the meantime, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) included provisions directing the Senate and House Budget Committee chairs to file in the Congressional Record levels that would then become enforceable as if they had been included in a budget resolution for FY2019. The Budget Committee chairmen were directed to file such levels between April 15, 2018, and May 15, 2018. Senate Budget Committee Chairman Enzi filed such levels on May 7, 2018, and House Budget Committee Chairman Womack filed such levels on May 10, 2018. This does not preclude the Senate or House from considering and adopting a traditional budget resolution for FY2019, even into calendar year 2019. For more information, see CRS Report R45157, The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 and an FY2019 Budget Resolution, by Megan S. Lynch.",
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      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 462205,
      "date": "2017-06-26",
      "retrieved": "2017-08-22T14:10:09.979852",
      "title": "Deeming Resolutions: Budget Enforcement in the Absence of a Budget Resolution",
      "summary": "The budget resolution reflects an agreement between the House and Senate on a budgetary plan for the upcoming fiscal year. When the House and Senate do not reach final agreement on this plan, it may be more difficult for Congress to reach agreement on subsequent budgetary legislation, both within each chamber and between the chambers.\nIn the absence of agreement on a budget resolution, Congress may employ alternative legislative tools to serve as a substitute for a budget resolution. These substitutes are typically referred to as \u201cdeeming resolutions,\u201d because they are deemed to serve in place of an annual budget resolution for the purposes of establishing enforceable budget levels for the upcoming fiscal year. \nSince the creation of the budget resolution, there have been nine years in which Congress did not come to agreement on a budget resolution. In each of those years, one or both chambers employed at least one deeming resolution to serve as a substitute for a budget resolution.\nWhile referred to as deeming resolutions, such mechanisms are not formally defined and have no specifically prescribed content. Instead, they simply denote the House and Senate, often separately, engaging legislative procedures to deal with enforcement issues on an ad hoc basis. As described below, the mechanisms can vary significantly in content and timing. This report covers the use of deeming resolutions pertaining to fiscal years for which the House and Senate did not agree on a budget resolution.\nThe House and Senate ultimately agreed to a budget resolution for FY2017, and so data pertaining to FY2017 is not included in this report. It may be of interest, however, that the appropriations process for FY2017 moved forward even without agreement on a budget resolution. For the Senate, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (P.L. 114-74) included a provision directing the Senate Budget Committee chair to file levels in the Congressional Record that would be enforceable in the Senate as if they had been included in a budget resolution for FY2017. On April 18, 2016, Senate Budget Committee Chairman Enzi filed such levels.\nNo such provision was included for the House. In the absence of any such enforceable levels, the House Appropriations Committee adopted \u201cinterim 302(b) sub-allocations\u201d for some individual appropriations bills. Such levels did not act as an enforceable cap on appropriations measures when they were considered on the floor. A separate House rule, however, prohibited floor amendments that would increase spending in a general appropriations bill, effectively creating a cap on individual appropriations bills when they were considered on the floor.",
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      "date": "2015-12-03",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-06T17:47:58.173650",
      "title": "Deeming Resolutions: Budget Enforcement in the Absence of a Budget Resolution",
      "summary": "The budget resolution reflects an agreement between the House and Senate on a budgetary plan for the upcoming fiscal year. When the House and Senate do not reach final agreement on this plan, it may be more difficult for Congress to reach agreement on subsequent budgetary legislation, both within each chamber and between the chambers.\nIn the absence of agreement on a budget resolution, Congress may employ alternative legislative tools to serve as a substitute for a budget resolution. These substitutes are typically referred to as \u201cdeeming resolutions,\u201d because they are deemed to serve in place of an annual budget resolution for the purposes of establishing enforceable budget levels for the upcoming fiscal year. \nSince the creation of the budget resolution, there have been nine years in which Congress did not come to agreement on a budget resolution. In each of those years, one or both chambers employed at least one deeming resolution to serve as a substitute for a budget resolution.\nWhile referred to as deeming resolutions, such mechanisms are not formally defined and have no specifically prescribed content. Instead, they simply denote the House and Senate, often separately, engaging legislative procedures to deal with enforcement issues on an ad hoc basis. As described below, the mechanisms can vary significantly in content and timing. This report covers the use of deeming resolutions in years when the House and Senate did not agree on a budget resolution.",
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