Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2009-FY2013

Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2009-FY2013

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Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in
Senators’ Offices, FY2009-FY2013
R. Eric Petersen
Specialist in American National Government
Lara E. Chausow
Research Assistant
Amber Hope Wilhelm
Visual Information Specialist
November 3, 2014
Congressional Research Service
7-5700
www.crs.gov
R43774

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Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2009-FY2013

Summary
This report provides pay data for 16 staff position titles that are typically deployed in Senators’
offices. The positions include the following: Administrative Director; Casework Supervisor;
Caseworker; Chief of Staff; Communications Director; Counsel; Executive Assistant; Field
Representative; Legislative Assistant; Legislative Correspondent; Legislative Director; Press
Secretary; Scheduler; “Specials Director,” a combined category that includes the job titles
Director of Projects, Director of Special Projects, Director of Federal Projects, Director of Grants,
Projects Director, or Grants Director; Staff Assistant; and State Director. Senators’ staff pay data
for the years FY2009-FY2013 were derived from a random sampling of Senators’ offices in
which at least one staff member worked in a position in each year.
Data tables provide tabular pay data for each staff position. A graphic for each position is also
included. The graphics display representations of pay from three perspectives, including the
following:
• change in pay, FY2009-FY2013, in nominal (current) and constant, 2014 dollars;
• a comparison of the cumulative percentage change for that position to changes in
pay, in constant dollars, for Members of Congress and federal civilian workers
paid under the General Schedule in Washington, DC, and surrounding areas in
northern Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia and Pennsylvania (DC), and Rest of
the U.S. (RUS) from FY2009-FY2013; and
• distributions of FY2013 pay in 2014 dollars, in $10,000 increments.
Between FY2009 and FY2013, the median change in pay, in constant, 2014 dollars for all 16 staff
positions working in Senators’ offices declined. The smallest, -0.13%, was found among
administrative directors. Schedulers were affected by the greatest change, -20.56%. This may be
compared to changes over approximately the same period (calendar years 2009-2013) to
Members of Congress, -7.91%; General Schedule, DC, -5.67%; and General Schedule, RUS,-
6.28%.
Pay data for staff working in House Member offices are available in CRS Report R43775, Staff
Pay Levels for Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2009-2013, by R. Eric Petersen, Lara
E. Chausow, and Amber Hope Wilhelm.

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Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2009-FY2013

Contents
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1
Data Concerns .................................................................................................................................. 3
Data Tables and Visualizations ........................................................................................................ 3

Tables
Table 1. Administrative Director...................................................................................................... 5
Table 2. Casework Supervisor ......................................................................................................... 6
Table 3. Caseworker ........................................................................................................................ 7
Table 4. Chief of Staff ...................................................................................................................... 8
Table 5. Communications Director .................................................................................................. 9
Table 6. Counsel ............................................................................................................................ 10
Table 7. Executive Assistant .......................................................................................................... 11
Table 8. Field Representative ......................................................................................................... 12
Table 9. Legislative Assistant ........................................................................................................ 13
Table 10. Legislative Correspondent ............................................................................................. 14
Table 11. Legislative Director ........................................................................................................ 15
Table 12. Press Secretary ............................................................................................................... 16
Table 13. Scheduler ........................................................................................................................ 17
Table 14. Specials Director ............................................................................................................ 18
Table 15. Staff Assistant ................................................................................................................ 19
Table 16. State Director ................................................................................................................. 20

Contacts
Author Contact Information........................................................................................................... 21
Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................... 21

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Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2009-FY2013

Introduction
Levels of pay for congressional staff are a source of recurring questions among Members of
Congress, congressional staff, and the public. Senators set the terms and conditions of
employment for staff in their offices. This includes job titles and descriptions, rates of pay, subject
to minimum and maximum levels,1 and resources available to them to carry out their official
duties.2 There may be interest in congressional pay data from multiple perspectives, including
assessment of the costs of congressional operations; guidance in setting pay levels for staff in
Member offices; or comparison of congressional staff pay levels with those of other federal
government pay systems.
Publicly available information sources do not provide aggregated congressional staff pay data in a
readily retrievable form. The most recent publicly available Senate staff compensation report was
issued in 2006,3 and relied on anonymous, self-reported survey data. Data in this report are based
on official Senate reports, which afford the opportunity to use consistently collected data. Pay4
information in this report is based on the Senate’s Report of the Secretary of the Senate, published
semiannually, in periods from April 1 to September 30, and October 1 to March 31,5 as collated
by LegiStorm, a private entity that provides some congressional data by subscription.6
Additionally, this report provides annual data, which allows for observations about the nature of
Senators’ personal staff compensation over time.
This report provides pay data for 16 staff position titles that are typically used in Senators’
offices.7 The positions include the following:
• Administrative Director8
• Casework Supervisor9
• Caseworker10

1 Since 2009, the minimum level of gross pay has been $2,267, and the maximum annual pay for staff in a Senator’s
personal office has been $169,459, 2 U.S.C. 4575.
2 For discussion of resources available to Members to carry out their official duties, see CRS Report RL30064,
Congressional Salaries and Allowances, by Ida A. Brudnick.
3 U.S. Senate, Secretary of the Senate, 2006 U.S. Senate Employment, Compensation, Hiring and Benefits Study
(Washington: 2006).
4 In this report, pay refers to monies paid by the Senate to staff, and excludes other components of total compensation,
which might include paid leave or employer contributions to various insurance and retirement benefits.
5 The Report of the Secretary of the Senate since April, 2011, is available at https://www.senate.gov/legislative/
common/generic/report_secsen.htm.
6 http://www.legistorm.com/.
7 For a discussion of staff roles in Members’ offices, see CRS Report RL34545, Congressional Staff: Duties and
Functions of Selected Positions, by R. Eric Petersen.
8 Other job titles which may indicate similar duties, and for which pay data were collected, include Office Manager,
Office Administrator, and Administrative Manager.
9 Other job titles which may indicate similar duties, and for which pay data were collected, include Casework Director,
Casework Coordinator, and Director of Constituent Services.
10 Other job titles which may indicate similar duties, and for which pay data were collected, include Constituent
Services Representative and Federal Caseworker.
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Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2009-FY2013

• Chief of Staff
• Communications Director
• Counsel11
• Executive Assistant
• Field Representative12
• Legislative Assistant
• Legislative Correspondent
• Legislative Director.
• Press Secretary
• Scheduler
• “Specials Director,” a combined category that includes the job titles Director of
Projects, Director of Special Projects, Director of Federal Projects, Director of
Grants, Projects Director, or Grants Director
• Staff Assistant
• State Director
Senators’ staff pay data for the years FY2009-FY2013 were derived from a random sampling of
Senators’ offices in which at least one staff member worked in a position in each year. For each
fiscal year, FY2009-FY2013, a random sample13 of 25 Senators’ offices was taken for each
position. In order to be included, Senate staff had to hold a position with the same job title in the
Senator’s office for the entire fiscal year examined. Every recorded payment ascribed in the
LegiStorm data to those staff for the fiscal year is included. For some positions, it was not
possible to identify 25 offices that employed staff for an entire year. Generally, each position has
no more than one observation per Senator’s office each fiscal year.
Pay data for staff working in House Member offices are available in CRS Report R43775, Staff
Pay Levels for Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2009-2013, by R. Eric Petersen, Lara
E. Chausow, and Amber Hope Wilhelm.

11 Other job titles which may indicate similar duties, and for which pay data were collected, include Legal Counsel,
Legislative Counsel, Senior Counsel, Chief Counsel, and General Counsel.
12 Another job title which may indicate similar duties, and for which pay data were collected, was Regional
Representative.
13 Obtaining the salaries of every congressional staff member from every Senator’s office listed in the Report of the
Secretary of the Senate was beyond the capacity of available resources. Each year, a different, random sample of
Senators’ offices was taken for each position. The large random samples of positions in Senators’ offices mean that a
full accounting would be unlikely to yield significantly different results. At the same time, a study that examines pay
data based on different job titles, or which combines pay data from positions of similar titles or duties (e.g., legislative
assistant and senior legislative assistant, or executive assistants, schedulers and executive assistant/schedulers), could
result in findings that are different from those provided here.
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Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2009-FY2013

Data Concerns
There may be some advantages to relying on official salary expenditure data instead of survey
findings, but data presented here are subject to some challenges that could affect findings or their
interpretation. Some of the concerns include the following:
• Data are lacking for first-term Senators in the first session of a Congress. The
periods of time covered by the Report of the Secretary of the Senate overlap the
end of one Congress and convening of the next. This report provides no data for
first-term Senators in the first nine months of their service.14
• Pay data provide no insight into the experience, tenure, full- or part-time status,
demographics, or other potential explanations for levels of compensation.
• Staff could be based in Washington, DC, state offices, or both.
• Potential differences might exist in the job duties of positions with the same title.
Aggregation of pay by job title rests on the assumption that staff with the same
title carry out the same or similar tasks. Given the wide discretion congressional
employing authorities have in setting the terms and conditions of employment,
there may be differences in the duties of similarly titled staff that could have
effects on their levels of pay. Acknowledging the imprecision inherent in
congressional job titles, an older edition of the Senate Handbook states,
“Throughout the Senate, individuals with the same job title perform vastly
different duties.”15
Data Tables and Visualizations
Data tables provide tabular pay data for each staff position. A graphic for each position is also
included. The graphics display representations of pay from three perspectives, including the
following:
• change in pay, FY2009-FY2013, in nominal (current) and constant, 2014 dollars;
• a comparison of the cumulative percentage change of that position to changes in
pay, in constant dollars, of Members of Congress, and federal civilian workers
paid under the General Schedule in Washington, DC, and surrounding areas in
northern Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia and Pennsylvania (DC),16 and Rest of
the U.S. (RUS)17 from FY2009-FY201318; and

14 For information on the number of first-term Members in each Congress, see CRS Report R41283, First-Term
Members of the House of Representatives and Senate, 64th - 113th Congresses, by Jennifer E. Manning and R. Eric
Petersen.
15 U.S. Senate, Committee on Rules and Administration, Senate Handbook (Washington: 1996), pp. I-13, available
from the authors.
16 For a complete description of areas covered under the Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV-
PA locality pay table, see http://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/salaries-wages/2014/locality-pay-area-
definitions/#w.
17 The RUS pay table includes those portions of the United States and its territories and possessions (nonforeign areas)
not located within another locality pay area. For definitions of 2014 locality pay areas, see Office of Personnel
(continued...)
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• distributions of FY2013 pay in 2014 dollars, in $10,000 increments.
Between 2009 and 2013, the median19 change in pay, in constant 2014 dollars, for all 16 staff
positions working in Senators’ offices declined. The smallest change, -0.13%, was found among
administrative directors. Schedulers were affected by the greatest change, -20.56%, between
FY2009 and FY2013. This may be compared to changes over approximately the same period
(calendar years 2009-2013) to Members of Congress, -7.91%; General Schedule, DC, -5.67%;
and General Schedule, RUS, -6.28%.

(...continued)
Management, “Pay & Leave, Salaries & Wages,” http://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/salaries-wages/
2014/locality-pay-area-definitions. For discussion of how locality pay is calculated, see CRS Report RL34463, Federal
White-Collar Pay: FY2009 and FY2010 Salary Adjustments, by Barbara L. Schwemle.
18 Change in pay data for General Schedule and Members of Congress are based on calendar year 2009-2013 change;
staff positions are based on median change, FY2009-FY2013.
19 The median is the midpoint at which half of the numbers in a list are higher and the other half lower.
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Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2009-FY2013

Table 1. Administrative Director
Duties may include: directing the administrative support staff; maintenance of office accounts; and procuring and
maintaining equipment for office.
FY09
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
Minimum $46,459 $64,772 $54,375 $58,000
$42,667
al $
Median $95,164
$105,167
$107,000
$107,000
$103,200
in
m
Average $96,479 $102,624
$104,195
$104,323
$102,752
No
Maximum $140,250 $150,811 $153,506 $135,521
$169,000

Minimum $51,190 $70,216 $57,141 $59,715
$43,294
$
ant
Median $104,855
$114,006
$112,444
$110,164
$104,718
Average $106,303 $111,250
$109,496
$107,408
$104,263
Const
Maximum $154,532 $163,487 $161,317 $139,529
$171,486
Median – 8.73%
-1.37%
-2.03%
-4.94%

Average – 4.65%
-1.58%
-1.91%
-2.93%
Change
Annual
Average -0.44% Annual
Median 0.10%

FY09-FY13 Average
-1.92%
FY09-FY13 Median
-0.13%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col ated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations.
Visualizations provide information in constant 2014 dollars in thousands, except where indicated. Detailed
information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
Notes: Data are based on a sample of 25 observations per year from various Senators’ offices. Other job titles
included in data for this position include Office Manager, Office Administrator, and Administrative Manager. In
the Change section of the data table, Annual Average and Annual Median cel s provide the average and median
change per year, respectively, while the FY09-FY13 Average and FY09-FY13 Median provide the change over the
entire five-year period, respectively. Change in pay data for General Schedule and Members of Congress are
based on calendar year 2009-2013 change; staff position is based on median change, FY2009-FY2013. In the
FY2013 Distribution of Pay visualization, percentages are rounded, and may not equal 100%.
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Table 2. Casework Supervisor
Duties may include: managing caseworkers and casework workflows; and acting as a liaison for the Senator with
federal, state, and local agencies on behalf of constituents.
FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12
FY13
Minimum $55,750 $40,773 $40,773 $40,000
$34,187
al $
Median $79,000
$81,416
$74,154
$76,000
$72,000
in
m
Average $79,269
$80,992
$76,233
$74,940
$68,184
No
Maximum $109,356 $120,697 $122,000 $127,000
$95,583

Minimum $61,427 $44,200 $42,847 $41,183
$34,689
$
ant
Median $87,045
$88,259
$77,927
$78,247
$73,059
Average $87,341
$87,799
$80,111
$77,157
$69,187
Const
Maximum $120,493 $130,841 $128,207 $130,756
$96,989
Median – 1.39%
-11.71%
0.41%
-6.63%

Average – 0.53%
-8.76%
-3.69%
-10.33%
Annual Average
-5.56%
Annual Median
-4.13%

Change

FY09-FY13 Average
-20.78%
FY09-FY13 Median
-16.07%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col ated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations.
Visualizations provide information in constant 2014 dollars in thousands, except where indicated. Detailed
information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
Notes: Data are based on a sample of 25 observations per year from various Senators’ offices. Other job titles
included in data for this position include Casework Director, Casework Coordinator, and Director of
Constituent Services. In the Change section of the data table, Annual Average and Annual Median cells provide
the average and median change per year, respectively, while the FY09-FY13 Average and FY09-FY13 Median
provide the change over the entire five-year period, respectively. Change in pay data for General Schedule and
Members of Congress are based on calendar year 2009-2013 change; staff position is based on median change,
FY2009-FY2013. In the FY2013 Distribution of Pay visualization, percentages are rounded, and may not equal
100%.
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Table 3. Caseworker
Duties may include: responding to casework inquiries from constituents; acting as a grassroots representative for the
Senator within assigned areas of responsibility; and monitoring and updating the Senator or relevant official in the
office on casework issues.
FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12
FY13
Minimum $19,583 $23,500 $28,237 $30,000
$30,000
al $
Median $42,629
$41,745
$41,603
$43,365
$44,125
in
m
Average $44,897 $47,926 $44,809 $44,187
$46,201
No
Maximum $76,847 $90,800 $87,450 $87,465
$85,000

Minimum $21,578 $25,475 $29,674 $30,887
$30,441
$
ant
Median $46,970
$45,253
$43,720
$44,647
$44,774
Average $49,469 $51,954 $47,089 $45,494
$46,881
Const
Maximum $84,673 $98,432 $91,899 $90,052
$86,250
Median – -3.65%
-3.39%
2.12%
0.28%

Average – 5.02% -9.36%
-3.39%
3.05%
Change
Annual
Average
-1.17%
Annual
Median
-1.16%

FY09-FY13 Average
-5.23%
FY09-FY13 Median
-4.68%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col ated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations.
Visualizations provide information in constant 2014 dollars in thousands, except where indicated. Detailed
information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
Notes: Data are based on a sample of 25 observations per year from various Senators’ offices. Other job titles
included in data for this position include Constituent Services Representative and Federal Caseworker. In the
Change section of the data table, Annual Average and Annual Median cel s provide the average and median
change per year, respectively, while the FY09-FY13 Average and FY09-FY13 Median provide the change over the
entire five-year period, respectively. Change in pay data for General Schedule and Members of Congress are
based on calendar year 2009-2013 change; staff position is based on median change, FY2009-FY2013. In the
FY2013 Distribution of Pay visualization, percentages are rounded, and may not equal 100%.
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Table 4. Chief of Staff
Duties may include: developing and implementing all policy objectives, strategies, and operating plans for a Senator’s
office; managing and directing all activities and staff of the Senator's Washington, DC, and field offices; coordinating
the activities of the Senator with the leadership of the appropriate chamber and committees; and overseeing the
Senator's office budget.
FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12
FY13
Minimum $147,960 $156,930 $138,500 $140,417
$128,844
al $
Median $166,926
$169,428
$169,459
$169,459
$166,500
in
m
Average $164,532 $166,654
$166,692
$166,399
$161,550
No
Maximum $167,305 $169,459 $169,459 $169,459
$169,459

Minimum $163,027 $170,121 $145,547 $144,569
$130,739
$
ant
Median $183,925
$183,669
$178,081
$174,471
$168,949
Average $181,287 $180,662
$175,174
$171,320
$163,926
Const
Maximum $184,342 $183,702 $178,081 $174,471
$171,952
Median – -0.14%
-3.04%
-2.03%
-3.16%

Average – -0.35%
-3.04%
-2.20%
-4.32%
Change
Annual Average
-2.47%
Annual Median
-2.09%

FY09-FY13 Average
-9.58%
FY09-FY13 Median
-8.14%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col ated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations.
Visualizations provide information in constant 2014 dollars in thousands, except where indicated. Detailed
information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
Notes: Data are based on a sample of 25 observations per year from various Senators’ offices. In the Change
section of the data table, Annual Average and Annual Median cells provide the average and median change per
year, respectively, while the FY09-FY13 Average and FY09-FY13 Median provide the change over the entire five-
year period, respectively. Change in pay data for General Schedule and Members of Congress are based on
calendar year 2009-2013 change; staff position is based on median change, FY2009-FY2013. In the FY2013
Distribution of Pay visualization, percentages are rounded, and may not equal 100%.
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Table 5. Communications Director
Duties may include managing and coordination al messaging for the Senator and the office.
FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12
FY13
Minimum
$75,400
$90,875
$90,000
$91,855
$80,333
al $
Median
$109,296
$116,996
$108,562
$117,500
$115,575
in
m
Average
$111,197
$115,873
$113,114
$115,597
$116,213
No
Maximum
$156,687
$167,500
$168,547
$147,184
$164,568

Minimum
$83,078
$98,513
$94,579
$94,572
$81,515
$
ant
Median
$120,425
$126,829
$114,086
$120,975
$117,275
Average
$122,521
$125,612
$118,869
$119,016
$117,922
Const
Maximum
$172,643
$181,579
$177,123
$151,537
$166,989
Median
– 5.32%
-10.05%
6.04%
-3.06%

Average
– 2.52%
-5.37%
0.12%
-0.92%
Annual Average
-0.91%
Annual Median
-0.44%
Change

FY09-FY13 Average
-3.75%
FY09-FY13 Median
-2.62%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col ated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations.
Visualizations provide information in constant 2014 dollars in thousands, except where indicated. Detailed
information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
Notes: Data are based on a sample of 25 observations per year from various Senators’ offices. In the Change
section of the data table, Annual Average and Annual Median cells provide the average and median change per
year, respectively, while the FY09-FY13 Average and FY09-FY13 Median provide the change over the entire five-
year period, respectively. Change in pay data for General Schedule and Members of Congress are based on
calendar year 2009-2013 change; staff position is based on median change, FY2009-FY2013. In the FY2013
Distribution of Pay visualization, percentages are rounded, and may not equal 100%.
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Table 6. Counsel
Duties may include: advising the Senator on legal issues; and ensuring compliance with chamber rules, the law, and
ethics guidelines.
FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12
FY13
Minimum
$45,000
$45,000
$45,000
$49,750
$55,250
al $
Median
$89,000
$85,250
$81,663
$80,868
$83,200
in
m
Average
$88,826
$86,043
$81,035
$87,312
$83,353
No
Maximum
$129,788
$141,500
$138,000
$151,275
$109,000

Minimum
$49,582
$48,782
$47,290
$51,221
$56,063
$
ant
Median
$98,063
$92,415
$85,818
$83,260
$84,424
Average
$97,871
$93,275
$85,158
$89,894
$84,579
Const
Maximum
$143,005
$153,393
$145,022
$155,749
$110,603
Median
– -5.76%
-7.14%
-2.98%
1.40%

Average
– -4.70%
-8.70%
5.56%
-5.91%
Annual Average
-3.44%
Annual Median
-3.62%
Change

FY09-FY13 Average
-13.58%
FY09-FY13 Median
-13.91%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col ated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations.
Visualizations provide information in constant 2014 dollars in thousands, except where indicated. Detailed
information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
Notes: Data are based on a sample of 25 observations in FY10 and FY12; 23 in FY09; and 21 in FY11 and FY13
from various Senators’ offices. Other job titles included in data for this position include Legal Counsel, Legislative
Counsel, Senior Counsel, Chief Counsel, and General Counsel. In the Change section of the data table, Annual
Average and Annual Median cells provide the average and median change per year, respectively, while the FY09-
FY13 Average and FY09-FY13 Median provide the change over the entire five-year period, respectively. Change
in pay data for General Schedule and Members of Congress are based on calendar year 2009-2013 change; staff
position is based on median change, FY2009-FY2013. In the FY2013 Distribution of Pay visualization, percentages
are rounded, and may not equal 100%.
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Table 7. Executive Assistant
Duties may include: maintaining the Senator's files, including notes, correspondence, and all information related to
travel; logging and monitoring the Senator's incoming telephone cal s; taking messages; and ensuring that the Senator
is provided with briefing materials for various activities in which the Senator participates.
FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12
FY13
Minimum
$42,272
$33,458
$37,500
$37,500
$37,667
al $
Median
$86,817
$88,531
$77,000
$86,000
$81,372
in
m
Average
$91,183
$90,428
$84,788
$87,805
$85,565
No
Maximum
$167,305
$169,459
$169,459
$169,459
$169,459

Minimum
$46,577
$36,270
$39,408
$38,609
$38,221
$
ant
Median
$95,658
$95,972
$80,918
$88,543
$82,569
Average
$100,469
$98,029
$89,102
$90,402
$86,824
Const
Maximum
$184,342
$183,702
$178,081
$174,471
$171,952
Median
– 0.33%
-15.69%
9.42%
-6.75%

Average
– -2.43%
-9.11%
1.46%
-3.96%
Annual Average
-3.51%
Annual Median
-3.17%
Change

FY09-FY13 Average
-13.58%
FY09-FY13 Median
-13.68%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col ated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations.
Visualizations provide information in constant 2014 dollars in thousands, except where indicated. Detailed
information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
Notes: Data are based on a sample of 25 observations per year, FY09-FY12; and 22 in FY13, from various
Senators’ offices. In the Change section of the data table, Annual Average and Annual Median cells provide the
average and median change per year, respectively, while the FY09-FY13 Average and FY09-FY13 Median provide
the change over the entire five-year period, respectively. Change in pay data for General Schedule and Members
of Congress are based on calendar year 2009-2013 change; staff position is based on median change, FY2009-
FY2013. In the FY2013 Distribution of Pay visualization, percentages are rounded, and may not equal 100%.
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Table 8. Field Representative
Duties may include: acting as a liaison with federal, state, and local agencies for the Senator and constituents; and
assessing casework for matters that might require legislative action.
FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12
FY13
Minimum
$29,495
$30,712
$32,250
$31,750
$33,500
al $
Median
$53,500
$58,750
$54,504
$53,768
$53,000
in
m
Average
$55,405
$58,025
$54,968
$55,790
$55,482
No
Maximum
$91,750
$102,500
$74,927
$79,670
$83,000

Minimum
$32,499
$33,294
$33,891
$32,689
$33,993
$
ant
Median
$58,948
$63,688
$57,277
$55,358
$53,780
Average
$61,047
$62,902
$57,765
$57,440
$56,298
Const
Maximum
$101,093
$111,115
$78,739
$82,026
$84,221
Median
– 8.04%
-10.07%
-3.35%
-2.85%

Average
– 3.04%
-8.17%
-0.56%
-1.99%
Annual
Average -1.92% Annual
Median -2.06%
Change

FY09-FY13 Average
-7.78%
FY09-FY13 Median
-8.77%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col ated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations.
Visualizations provide information in constant 2014 dollars in thousands, except where indicated. Detailed
information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
Notes: Data are based on a sample of 25 observations per year from various Senators’ offices. Another job title
included in data for this position is Regional Representative. In the Change section of the data table, Annual
Average and Annual Median cells provide the average and median change per year, respectively, while the FY09-
FY13 Average and FY09-FY13 Median provide the change over the entire five-year period, respectively. Change
in pay data for General Schedule and Members of Congress are based on calendar year 2009-2013 change; staff
position is based on median change, FY2009-FY2013. In the FY2013 Distribution of Pay visualization, percentages
are rounded, and may not equal 100%.
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Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2009-FY2013

Table 9. Legislative Assistant
Duties may include: developing legislative initiatives; advising the Senator on legislative issues; and monitoring
legislative and policy developments within assigned substantive areas.
FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12
FY13
Minimum $50,042 $55,021
$46,042
$46,667

$42,333
al $
Median $66,125
$77,344
$70,396
$74,000

$65,640
in
m
Average $69,293
$75,900
$70,272
$73,228

$65,043
No
Maximum
$106,916
$110,528
$112,078
$120,828
$87,750

Minimum $55,138 $59,645
$48,384
$48,047

$42,956
$
ant
Median $72,859
$83,845
$73,978
$76,188

$66,606
Average $76,349
$82,279
$73,847
$75,393

$66,000
Const
Maximum
$117,803
$119,818
$117,780
$124,401
$89,041
Median
– 15.08%
-11.77%
2.99%
-12.58%

Average
– 7.77%
-10.25%
2.09%
-12.46%
Annual Average
-3.21%
Annual Median
-1.57%
Change

FY09-FY13 Average
-13.56%
FY09-FY13 Median
-8.58%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col ated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations.
Visualizations provide information in constant 2014 dollars in thousands, except where indicated. Detailed
information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
Notes: Data are based on a sample of 25 observations per year from various Senators’ offices. In the Change
section of the data table, Annual Average and Annual Median cells provide the average and median change per
year, respectively, while the FY09-FY13 Average and FY09-FY13 Median provide the change over the entire five-
year period, respectively. Change in pay data for General Schedule and Members of Congress are based on
calendar year 2009-2013 change; staff position is based on median change, FY2009-FY2013. In the FY2013
Distribution of Pay visualization, percentages are rounded, and may not equal 100%.
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Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2009-FY2013

Table 10. Legislative Correspondent
Duties may include: providing research for response to constituents' correspondence; drafting, proofreading, and
transmitting letters; and providing administrative support to legislative staff as needed.
FY09 FY10 FY11
FY12
FY13
Minimum
$30,156
$30,484
$31,500
$29,250
$34,000
al $
Median
$36,786
$39,850
$37,000
$35,786
$37,787
in
m
Average
$38,093
$39,817
$37,460
$37,616
$39,396
No
Maximum
$49,750
$50,500
$51,250
$53,417
$49,083

Minimum
$33,226
$33,046
$33,103
$30,115
$34,500
$
ant
Median
$40,532
$43,199
$38,883
$36,844
$38,343
Average
$41,972
$43,164
$39,366
$38,729
$39,976
Const
Maximum
$54,816
$54,745
$53,858
$54,996
$49,805
Median
– 6.58%
-9.99%
-5.24%
4.07%

Average
– 2.84%
-8.80%
-1.62%
3.22%
Annual Average
-1.09%
Annual Median
-1.15%
Change

FY09-FY13 Average
-4.76%
FY09-FY13 Median
-5.40%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col ated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations.
Visualizations provide information in constant 2014 dollars in thousands, except where indicated. Detailed
information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
Notes: Data are based on a sample of 25 observations per year from various Senators’ offices. In the Change
section of the data table, Annual Average and Annual Median cells provide the average and median change per
year, respectively, while the FY09-FY13 Average and FY09-FY13 Median provide the change over the entire five-
year period, respectively. Change in pay data for General Schedule and Members of Congress are based on
calendar year 2009-2013 change; staff position is based on median change, FY2009-FY2013. In the FY2013
Distribution of Pay visualization, percentages are rounded, and may not equal 100%.
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Table 11. Legislative Director
Duties may include: managing office legislative activities; supervising a Senator’s legislative staff; assisting in the
development of policy positions and legislative initiatives; and monitoring floor activity.
LD FY09
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
Minimum
$98,743
$105,000
$96,458
$99,667
$94,854
al $
Median
$134,583
$134,500
$130,000
$131,500
$130,000
in
m
Average
$135,702
$138,951
$129,435
$133,606
$128,555
No
Maximum
$167,305
$169,459
$169,459
$169,459
$156,205

Minimum
$108,798
$113,825
$101,366
$102,614
$96,249
$
ant
Median
$148,288
$145,805
$136,614
$135,389
$131,912
Average
$149,521
$150,630
$136,020
$137,557
$130,446
Const
Maximum
$184,342
$183,702
$178,081
$174,471
$158,503
Median
– -1.67%
-6.30%
-0.90%
-2.57%

Average
– 0.74%
-9.70%
1.13%
-5.17%
Annual Average
-3.25%
Annual Median
-2.86%
Change

FY09-FY13 Average
-12.76%
FY09-FY13 Median
-11.04%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col ated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations.
Visualizations provide information in constant 2014 dollars in thousands, except where indicated. Detailed
information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
Notes: Data are based on a sample of 25 observations per year from various Senators’ offices. In the Change
section of the data table, Annual Average and Annual Median cells provide the average and median change per
year, respectively, while the FY09-FY13 Average and FY09-FY13 Median provide the change over the entire five-
year period, respectively. Change in pay data for General Schedule and Members of Congress are based on
calendar year 2009-2013 change; staff position is based on median change, FY2009-FY2013. In the FY2013
Distribution of Pay visualization, percentages are rounded, and may not equal 100%.
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Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2009-FY2013

Table 12. Press Secretary
Duties may include: developing and implementing media and communications strategies for the Senator; acting as the
formal spokesperson and media liaison for the Senator; and writing speeches for the Senator.
FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12
FY13
Minimum
$38,452
$41,000
$46,808
$40,000
$39,221
al $
Median
$67,453
$70,096
$61,896
$59,083
$59,500
in
m
Average
$71,592
$73,021
$65,442
$64,934
$64,690
No
Maximum
$131,000
$138,419
$110,591
$118,000
$127,500

Minimum
$42,368
$44,446
$49,190
$41,183
$39,798
$
ant
Median
$74,322
$75,987
$65,045
$60,831
$60,375
Average
$78,883
$79,158
$68,772
$66,855
$65,642
Const
Maximum
$144,340
$150,053
$116,218
$121,490
$129,376
Median
– 2.24%
-14.40%
-6.48%
-0.75%

Average
– 0.35%
-13.12%
-2.79%
-1.81%
Annual Average
-4.34%
Annual Median
-4.85%
Change

FY09-FY13 Average
-16.79%
FY09-FY13 Median
-18.77%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col ated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations.
Visualizations provide information in constant 2014 dollars in thousands, except where indicated. Detailed
information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
Notes: Data are based on a sample of 25 observations per year, FY09-FY10, and FY12-FY13; and 24, in FY11,
from various Senators’ offices. In the Change section of the data table, Annual Average and Annual Median cel s
provide the average and median change per year, respectively, while the FY09-FY13 Average and FY09-FY13
Median provide the change over the entire five-year period, respectively. Change in pay data for General
Schedule and Members of Congress are based on calendar year 2009-2013 change; staff position is based on
median change, FY2009-FY2013. In the FY2013 Distribution of Pay visualization, percentages are rounded, and
may not equal 100%.
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Table 13. Scheduler
Duties may include: briefing the Senator on al scheduling activities; making recommendations on proposed meetings;
scheduling staff meetings; and coordinating the scheduling of the Senator’s press and media interactions with the press
secretary or communications director.
FY09
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
Minimum
$28,468
$34,916
$38,000
$38,792
$33,641
al $
Median
$78,250
$76,887
$72,500
$76,000
$67,500
in
m
Average
$76,762
$78,105
$76,168
$77,970
$72,157
No
Maximum
$162,986
$125,701
$159,333
$135,000
$130,000

Minimum
$31,367
$37,851
$39,933
$39,939
$34,136
$
ant
Median
$86,218
$83,350
$76,189
$78,248
$68,493
Average
$84,579
$84,669
$80,043
$80,276
$73,219
Const
Maximum
$179,583
$136,266
$167,440
$138,992
$131,912
Median
– -3.33%
-8.59%
2.70%
-12.47%

Average
– 0.11%
-5.46%
0.29%
-8.79%
Annual Average
-3.46%
Annual Median
-5.42%
Change

FY09-FY13 Average
-13.43%
FY09-FY13 Median
-20.56%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col ated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations.
Visualizations provide information in constant 2014 dollars in thousands, except where indicated. Detailed
information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
Notes: Data are based on a sample of 25 observations per year from various Senators’ offices. In the Change
section of the data table, Annual Average and Annual Median cells provide the average and median change per
year, respectively, while the FY09-FY13 Average and FY09-FY13 Median provide the change over the entire five-
year period, respectively. Change in pay data for General Schedule and Members of Congress are based on
calendar year 2009-2013 change; staff position is based on median change, FY2009-FY2013. In the FY2013
Distribution of Pay visualization, percentages are rounded, and may not equal 100%.
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Table 14. Specials Director
Duties may include: overseeing office activities or staff related to grants or projects designated by the Senator.
FY09 FY10 FY11
FY12
FY13
Minimum
$16,810
$25,088
$38,000
$33,825
$40,600
al $
Median
$59,246
$60,653
$68,017
$60,962
$55,000
in
m
Average
$64,690
$63,544
$67,259
$65,481
$60,860
No
Maximum
$134,557
$139,788
$96,655
$97,083
$105,083

Minimum
$18,522
$27,197
$39,933
$34,825
$41,197
$
ant
Median
$65,279
$65,751
$71,478
$62,765
$55,809
Average
$71,278
$68,885
$70,681
$67,417
$61,756
Const
Maximum
$148,260
$151,538
$101,573
$99,954
$106,629
Median
– 0.72%
8.71%
-12.19%
-11.08%

Average
– -3.36%
2.61%
-4.62%
-8.40%
Annual Average
-3.44%
Annual Median
-3.46%
Change

FY09-FY13 Average
-13.36%
FY09-FY13 Median
-14.51%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col ated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations.
Visualizations provide information in constant 2014 dollars in thousands, except where indicated. Detailed
information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
Notes: Data are based on a sample of 25 observations per year, FY09-FY10, 22, in FY11-FY12, and 15, in FY13,
from various Senators’ offices. Job titles included in data for this combined category include Director of Projects,
Director of Special Projects, Director of Federal Projects, Director of Grants, Projects Director, or Grants
Director. In the Change section of the data table, Annual Average and Annual Median cells provide the average
and median change per year, respectively, while the FY09-FY13 Average and FY09-FY13 Median provide the
change over the entire five-year period, respectively. Change in pay data for General Schedule and Members of
Congress are based on calendar year 2009-2013 change; staff position is based on median change, FY2009-
FY2013. In the FY2013 Distribution of Pay visualization, percentages are rounded, and may not equal 100%.
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Table 15. Staff Assistant
Duties may include: answering telephones and providing support services; greeting visitors; assisting with scheduling;
responding to constituent requests for general information, tours and other non-legislative matters; and monitoring
delivery and pickup of materials.
FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12
FY13
Minimum
$18,683
$18,781
$27,668
$22,000
$24,431
al $
Median
$35,216
$35,661
$35,083
$33,583
$35,062
in
m
Average
$37,386
$36,566
$37,963
$37,968
$35,959
No
Maximum
$56,500
$61,500
$59,300
$72,000
$60,300

Minimum
$20,585
$20,359
$29,076
$22,651
$24,791
$
ant
Median
$38,802
$38,659
$36,868
$34,577
$35,578
Average
$41,193
$39,639
$39,894
$39,091
$36,488
Const
Maximum
$62,254
$66,669
$62,317
$74,129
$61,187
Median
– -0.37%
-4.63%
-6.22%
2.90%

Average
– -3.77%
0.64%
-2.01%
-6.66%
Change

Annual Average
-2.95%
Annual Median
-2.08%

FY09-FY13 Average
-11.42%
FY09-FY13 Median
-8.31%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col ated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations.
Visualizations provide information in constant 2014 dollars in thousands, except where indicated. Detailed
information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
Notes: Data are based on a sample of 25 observations per year from various Senators’ offices. In the Change
section of the data table, Annual Average and Annual Median cells provide the average and median change per
year, respectively, while the FY09-FY13 Average and FY09-FY13 Median provide the change over the entire five-
year period, respectively. Change in pay data for General Schedule and Members of Congress are based on
calendar year 2009-2013 change; staff position is based on median change, FY2009-FY2013. In the FY2013
Distribution of Pay visualization, percentages are rounded, and may not equal 100%.
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Table 16. State Director
Duties may include: managing the principal state office or other state offices of a Senator; and overseeing al state office
operations.
FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12
FY13
Minimum
$81,132
$79,429
$81,500
$83,500
$56,167
al $
Median
$113,975
$116,496
$123,557
$116,500
$120,400
in
m
Average
$118,890
$120,986
$126,386
$123,006
$125,491
No
Maximum
$167,305
$169,459
$169,459
$169,459
$169,459

Minimum
$89,394
$86,106
$85,647
$85,969
$56,993
$
ant
Median
$125,581
$126,288
$129,844
$119,945
$122,171
Average
$130,997
$131,155
$132,816
$126,643
$127,337
Const
Maximum
$184,342
$183,702
$178,081
$174,471
$171,952
Median
– 0.56%
2.82%
-7.62%
1.86%

Average
– 0.12%
1.27%
-4.65%
0.55%
Annual Average
-0.68%
Annual Median
-0.60%
Change

FY09-FY13 Average
-2.79%
FY09-FY13 Median
-2.72%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col ated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations.
Visualizations provide information in constant 2014 dollars in thousands, except where indicated. Detailed
information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
Notes: Data are based on a sample of 25 observations per year from various Senators’ offices. In the Change
section of the data table, Annual Average and Annual Median cells provide the average and median change per
year, respectively, while the FY09-FY13 Average and FY09-FY13 Median provide the change over the entire five-
year period, respectively. Change in pay data for General Schedule and Members of Congress are based on
calendar year 2009-2013 change; staff position is based on median change, FY2009-FY2013. In the FY2013
Distribution of Pay visualization, percentages are rounded, and may not equal 100%.

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Author Contact Information

R. Eric Petersen
Amber Hope Wilhelm
Specialist in American National Government
Visual Information Specialist
epetersen@crs.loc.gov, 7-0643
awilhelm@crs.loc.gov, 7-2392
Lara E. Chausow

Research Assistant
lchausow@crs.loc.gov, 7-2384

Acknowledgments
Jose Wisniewski and Claire Laurence, former CRS interns, collected data for this report.

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