National Institutes of Health (NIH) Funding: FY1996-FY2025

National Institutes of Health (NIH) Funding: FY1996-FY2025

National Institutes of Health (NIH) Funding: FY1996-
FY2025
June 25, 2024
Kavya Sekar
This report details the National Institutes of Health (NIH) budget and appropriations process with
Analyst in Health Policy
a focus on FY2024 and FY2025. NIH is the primary federal agency charged with conducting and

supporting medical, health, and behavioral research. It consists of 27 Institutes and Centers (ICs)
and the Office of the Director (OD). In addition, the Advanced Research Projects Agency for

Health (ARPA-H), first funded in FY2022, is established as an independent agency housed
within NIH to advance “high-potential, high-impact” biomedical and health research. Nearly 83% of the NIH budget funds
extramural research through grants, contracts, and other awards to universities and other research institutions. About 11% of
NIH funding goes to intramural researchers at NIH-operated facilities. Almost all of NIH’s funding is provided in the annual
Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies (LHHS) Appropriations Act. NIH
also receives smaller amounts of funding from the Department of Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies (INT)
Appropriations Act and a mandatory budget authority for type 1 diabetes research.
FY2024 Enacted and FY2025 Request
In FY2024, NIH received a total program level of $47.311 billion, a decrease in its overall program level (-$368 million,
or -0.8%) for the first time since FY2013. Accounting for ARPA-H, which saw level funding for FY2024 and FY2023, the
overall NIH and ARPA-H program level decreased by 0.7%. The overall program level decrease owes primarily to a
reduction in funding authorized for the 21st Century Cures Act NIH Innovation Account in FY2024: $407 million in FY2024
compared with $1,085 million in FY2023. The NIH Innovation Account is effectively exempt from discretionary spending
limits. Even with the overall decrease in funding, Congress directed FY2024 increases to certain research areas within NIH
accounts through accompanying report language, for example, for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias and for mental
health.
The FY2025 budget request proposes an NIH and ARPA-H program level of $50.174 billion, an increase of $1.363 billion
(+2.8%) over the FY2024-enacted level. As proposed, most NIH ICs would see an increase, though in many cases a small
increase (less than 1%). The request also proposes two new mandatory funds for NIH: $1.448 billion for the Cancer
Moonshot initiative in FY2025, and $2.690 billion for pandemic preparedness to be made available for five years.
Accounting for this proposed mandatory funding, NIH and ARPA-H would receive a total FY2025 program level of $54.312
billion, a $5.5 billion (+11.3%) increase from FY2024-enacted levels.
Trends
NIH has seen periods of high and low funding growth during the period covered by this report, as illustrated in Figure 1.
Between FY1996 and FY1998, funding for NIH grew from $11.928 billion to $13.675 billion (nominal dollars). Over the
next five years, Congress and the President doubled the NIH budget to $27.167 billion in FY2003. In each of FY1999
through FY2003, NIH received annual funding increases of 14% to 16%. From FY2003 to FY2015, NIH funding increased
more gradually in nominal dollars. In some years (FY2006, FY2011, and FY2013), agency funding decreased in nominal
dollars. From FY2016 through FY2023, NIH saw funding increases each year until FY2024.
When looking at NIH funding adjusted for inflation (in projected constant FY2023 dollars using the Biomedical Research
and Development Price Index; BRDPI), the purchasing power of NIH funding initially peaked in FY2003—the last year of
the five-year doubling period—and then declined fairly steadily for more than a decade until funding increases were provided
in each of FY2016 through FY2023. In inflation-adjusted dollars, the FY2023 program level was 1.3% greater than the
FY2003 program level at the end of the doubling period. However, the inflation-adjusted FY2023 program level includes
funding for the new ARPA-H and therefore is not directly comparable to the FY2003 level. Excluding ARPA-H, the
inflation-adjusted FY2023 program level is -1.8% less than the FY2003 level. With the decrease in FY2024 funding, the
adjusted NIH program level (including ARPA-H) is now less than the FY2003 peak level (-2.7%).
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Contents
NIH Funding: FY1996-FY2025 Request ........................................................................................ 1
Funding Sources ........................................................................................................................ 2
NIH Funding: FY2023-FY2025 Request .................................................................................. 3
FY2024 Enacted ................................................................................................................. 4
FY2025 Request ................................................................................................................. 5
Trends ........................................................................................................................................ 8

Figures
Figure 1. NIH Funding, FY1996-FY2025 Request ....................................................................... 10

Tables
Table 1. Authorizations of Appropriations for NIH Innovation Projects Under the Cures
Act ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Table 2. National Institutes of Health Funding, FY2023-FY2025 .................................................. 6
Table 3. NIH Funding, FY1996-FY2025 Request ......................................................................... 11

Table A-1. Specified NIH Funding Levels in FY2024 Explanatory Statement............................. 14
Table A-2. Specified NIH Funding Levels in the FY2025 HHS Budget in Brief ......................... 16

Appendixes
Appendix A. NIH Funding Details ................................................................................................ 13
Appendix B. Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................... 18

Contacts
Author Information ........................................................................................................................ 19

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National Institutes of Health (NIH) Funding: FY1996-FY2025

NIH Funding: FY1996-FY2025 Request
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary federal agency for medical, health, and
behavioral research. It is the largest of the agencies that make up the Public Health Service (PHS)
within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).1 NIH consists of the Office of the
Director (OD) and 27 Institutes and Centers (ICs) that focus on aspects of health, human
development, and biomedical science. Of these, 24 ICs and OD support research programs. The
OD sets overall policy for NIH and coordinates the programs and activities of all NIH
components, particularly in areas of research that involve multiple institutes. In addition, the
Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H), first funded in FY2022, is established
as an independent agency housed within NIH to advance “high-potential, high-impact”
biomedical and health research.2
This report details the NIH budget with a focus on FY2024 and the FY2025 request. Almost all of
NIH’s funding is provided in the annual Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and
Education, and Related Agencies (LHHS) Appropriations Act. NIH also receives smaller amounts
of funding from the Department of Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies (INT)
Appropriations Act and a mandatory budget authority for type 1 diabetes research.3 Through the
annual appropriations process, Congress provides funding to the 24 research ICs, OD, ARPA-H,
and a Buildings and Facilities account. Three support centers are funded through transfers from
other accounts.
NIH activities cover a wide range of basic,
Supplemental Funding for NIH
clinical, and translational research, focused on
In some years, NIH has received supplemental
particular diseases, areas of human health and
appropriations provided as an emergency requirement.
development, or more fundamental aspects of
In some years, supplemental funding to NIH was
biology and behavior. Its mission also includes
substantial, such as the over $10 bil ion in
appropriations provided in the American Recovery and
research training and health information
Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5), which
collection and dissemination.4 As of fall 2023,
was a 33% increase to the regular FY2009
nearly 83% of the NIH budget funded
appropriations NIH received. NIH has also received
extramural research (i.e., external) through
supplemental appropriations during several infectious
grants, contracts, and other awards.5 In
disease emergencies, such as for the Ebola and Zika
outbreaks and for the Coronavirus Disease 2019
FY2025, NIH expects to support research
pandemic. Given that this report examines trends in
performed by more than 300,000 individuals
regular annual appropriations to NIH for the normal
who work at over 2,800 hospitals, medical
operations of the agency, amounts provided to NIH
schools, universities, and other research
pursuant to an emergency requirement are generally
institutions around the country.
excluded from this report.
6 In addition, as

1 The Public Health Service (PHS) also includes the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry, the Food and Drug Administration, the Indian Health Service, the Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality, the Health Resources and Services Administration, the Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, and the Office of Global
Affairs.
2 CRS Report R47568, Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H): Overview and Selected Issues.
3 “Mandatory spending” is controlled by authorization acts; “discretionary spending” is controlled by appropriations
acts. For further information, see CRS Report R44582, Overview of Funding Mechanisms in the Federal Budget
Process, and Selected Examples.
4 For further information on the National Institutes of Health (NIH), see CRS Report R41705, The National Institutes of
Health (NIH): Background and Congressional Issues.
5 NIH, “What We Do - Budget,” October 2023, at https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/budget.
6 HHS, “FY2025 Budget in Brief,” March, 2024, at https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/fy-2025-budget-in-brief.pdf.
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National Institutes of Health (NIH) Funding: FY1996-FY2025

of 2023, about 11% of the agency’s budget supported intramural research (i.e., internal)
conducted by nearly 6,000 NIH physicians and scientists, most of whom are located on the NIH
campus in Bethesda, MD. The remaining 6% of the budget supported administration,
construction, maintenance, and operations.7
Funding Sources
The vast majority of NIH funding comes from annual discretionary appropriations. NIH
additionally receives some mandatory funding and other funding due to unique transfer or
budgetary rules, as explained below. The total funding available for NIH activities, taking account
of add-ons and transfers, is referred to as the NIH “program level.”8
Discretionary budget authority. NIH’s discretionary budget authority comes primarily from
annual LHHS Appropriations Acts, with an additional smaller amount for the Superfund Research
Program and related activities from the INT Appropriations Act.9
PHS Evaluation Set-Aside. The PHS Evaluation Set-Aside, also known as the PHS Evaluation
Tap, has the effect of redistributing a certain percentage of eligible appropriations among HHS
accounts funded by the LHHS Act (up to 2.5% of eligible appropriations in FY2024).10 Eligible
appropriations potentially subject to the transfer include any provided for programs authorized in
the Public Health Service Act, with some exemptions.11 In recent years, appropriations laws have
directed specific amounts of PHS tap funds to specific agencies. NIH has received a large share
of PHS Evaluation Tap transfers in recent years, specifically to the National Institute of General
Medical Sciences (NIGMS). By convention, appropriations acts direct where specified PHS
Evaluation Tap transfers are to be allocated but do not specify the accounts that are to be the
sources of those transfers. Thus, tables in this report show only the amount of PHS Evaluation
Tap funds received in any NIH account.
Mandatory Type I Diabetes Funding. In addition, NIH has received mandatory funding of $150
million annually that is provided in Public Health Service Act (PHSA) Section 330B for a special
program on type 1 diabetes research, most recently extended to December 31, 2024, by the
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 (P.L. 118-42).

7 NIH, “What We Do - Budget,” October 2023, at https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/budget.
8 NIH program levels in this report reflect total funding for all Institutes and Centers (ICs), the Office of the Director
(OD), the PHS Evaluation Set-Aside (“PHS Evaluation Tap”), the Superfund Research Program, mandatory type I
diabetes research (provided in Public Health Service Act [PHSA] Section 330B), and the nonrecurring expenses fund
(NEF) when applicable.
9 The Hazardous Substance Basic Research and Training Program (Superfund Research Program) funds research on the
health effects of exposures to hazardous substances and related solutions at the National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences. It is authorized by 311(a) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. §9660(a)) and Section 126(g) of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
of 1986.
10 Authorized by Section 241 of the Public Health Service Act (PHSA), 42 U.S.C. §238j. The authorizing law allows
the HHS Secretary to redistribute a portion of eligible PHS agency appropriations across HHS for program evaluation
purposes. The PHSA limits the set-aside to not less than 0.2% and not more than 1.0% of eligible program
appropriations. In recent years, annual appropriations laws have established requirements in addition to those in statute.
These include a higher maximum percentage for the set-aside and directing specific amounts of tap funding to selected
HHS programs. Since FY2010, and including in FY2024, this higher maximum set-aside level has been 2.5% of
eligible appropriations.
11 Annual appropriations laws have exempted certain appropriations from transfer that would be otherwise eligible. For
example, see Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) appropriation for mental health,
“none of the funds provided for section 1911 of the PHS Act shall be subject to section 241 of such Act” in P.L. 118-
47.
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21st Century Cures Act Innovation Account. NIH also receives funding through LHHS
appropriations subject to different budget enforcement rules than the rest of the NIH funding in
the act: appropriations to the NIH Innovation Account created by the 21st Century Cures Act (“the
Cures Act,” P.L. 114-255) to fund programs authorized by the act for FY2017 through FY2026, as
shown in Table 1.12 For appropriated amounts to the account—up the limit authorized for each
fiscal year—the amounts are subtracted from any cost estimate for enforcing discretionary
spending limits (i.e., the budget caps). In effect, appropriations to the NIH Innovation Account as
authorized by the Cures Act are not subject to discretionary spending limits.13 The NIH Director
may transfer these amounts from the NIH Innovation Account to other NIH accounts, but only for
the purposes specified in the Cures Act. All amounts authorized by the Cures Act have been fully
appropriated to the Innovation Account from FY2017 to FY2024, including $407 million for
FY2024. For FY2025, $127 million is authorized to be appropriated.
Table 1. Authorizations of Appropriations for NIH Innovation Projects
Under the Cures Act
Millions of dollars
Total
Cancer
Regenerative
Innovation
Fiscal Year
PMI
BRAIN
Moonshot
Medicine
Account
2017
40
10
300
2
352
2018
100
86
300
10
496
2019
186
115
400
10
711
2020
149
140
195
8
492
2021
109
100
195

404
2022
150
152
194

496
2023
419
450
216

1,085
2024
235
172

407
2025
36
91

127
2026
31
195

226
TOTAL
1,455
1,511
1,800
30
4,766
Source: P.L. 114-255, Section 1001(b)(4).
Notes: PMI= Precision Medicine Initiative, BRAIN= Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative
Neurotechnologies.
NIH Funding: FY2023-FY2025 Request
Table 2 provides an overview of recent-year NIH funding from FY2023 final appropriations to
proposed amounts in the FY2025 budget request. The first section of the table summarizes
discretionary funding to each of NIH’s accounts in annual LHHS appropriations, ending with the
total discretionary amount enacted or proposed in LHHS each year. Next, the table summarizes
funding by other sources (see previous section) and then summarizes the total NIH program level
for each year accounting for all sources of funds. In this table, ARPA-H funding is presented

12 See section on 21st Century Cures Act in CRS Report R41705, The National Institutes of Health (NIH): Background
and Congressional Issues.
13 CRS Report R45778, Exceptions to the Budget Control Act’s Discretionary Spending Limits.
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separately from the rest of NIH, and thus a separate “NIH and ARPA-H” program level is shown.
The table ends with proposed mandatory funding in the President’s budget requests.
The following discussion provides a summary of enacted and proposed NIH funding in FY2024
and FY2025, respectively, with a discussion of highlighted changes in each year.
FY2024 Enacted
As shown in Table 2, in FY2024-enacted appropriations, NIH received a total program level of
$47.311 billion, a decrease in its overall program level from the prior year (-$368 million,
or -0.8%) for the first time since FY2013 (see Table 3). Accounting for ARPA-H, which saw
level funding for FY2024 and FY2023, the overall NIH and ARPA-H program level decreased by
0.7%. The overall program level decrease owes primarily to a reduction in funding authorized for
the 21st Century Cures Act NIH Innovation Account, which is effectively exempt from
discretionary spending limits: $407 million in FY2024 compared with $1,085 million in FY2023
(see previous section and Table 1). In terms of LHHS discretionary budget authority effectively
subject to the spending limits, NIH actually received an increase in FY2024 funding relative to
FY2023 enacted (+305 million; +0.7%). However, this increase in discretionary funding did not
fully compensate for the effect of the decreased Cures Act Innovation Account authorization level
in FY2024.
The NIH account that saw the largest increase relative to FY2023 was the National Institute on
Aging (NIA), an increase of $96 million (+2.2%), which included an increase of $90 million for
Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias research (see below and Table A-1). Several NIH
accounts, all of which have received Cures Act transfers, saw notable decreases in FY2024
funding when accounting for such transfers: (1) the National Cancer Institute (-$93 million,
or -1.3%); (2) the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS; -$119
million, or -4.3%); and (3) the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH; -$68 million,
or -3.2%). These decreases reflect reductions in authorized funding for the Cancer Moonshot and
BRAIN initiative programs under the Cures Act, as shown in Table 1. When not accounting for
Cures Act transfers, all three accounts saw increases in LHHS discretionary budget authority, as
shown in Table 2.
In addition, through accompanying report language, Congress directed increases for program
funding within NIH accounts, even when those accounts did not see increases in their overall
FY2024 funding level relative to FY2023. For the most part, Congress has not specified NIH
funding for particular diseases or research topics through appropriations and instead allows the
ICs to award funding within their mission areas based on their own strategic planning and
priority-setting processes. However, there are some exceptions, as summarized in Table A-1.
Some selected directed increases include the following:
• Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias: An increase of $100 million across
NIH, including $10 million for NINDS and $90 million for NIA.
• Mental health research: An increase of $75 million for the NIMH to fund
mental health diagnosis, treatment, and prevention research, including the impact
of social media on mental health.
• Lyme and tick-borne disease: $100 million for the National Institute of Allergy
and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). In FY2023, NIH spent a total of $99 million on
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tickborne disease research across all ICs, including $93 million funded by
NIAID.14
FY2025 Request
Under the Biden Administration’s FY2025 request, NIH would receive a program level of
$48.674 billion, an increase of $1.363 billion relative to FY2024 enacted (+2.9%,) as shown in
Table 2. (Note that the FY2025 request was formulated before FY2024-enacted appropriations
were finalized.)15
As proposed, most IC accounts would receive an increase in funding compared with FY2024-
enacted levels, though in many cases a small increase (less than 1%). The accounts that would see
decreases are (1) the National Institute on Aging ($82 million decrease, or -1.8%), (2) the
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities ($7.7 million decrease, or -1.4%),
and (3) the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences ($2.2 million decrease,
or -0.2%).16 ARPA-H would see level funding with FY2024-enacted appropriations: $1.500
billion. The Innovation Account would receive the full amount authorized to be appropriated:
$127 million.17
The budget request also proposes two new sources of mandatory funding for NIH: $1.448 billion
in new mandatory funding for the Cancer Moonshot for FY2025 and $2.69 billion in new
mandatory funding for pandemic preparedness, to be made available for five years. Accounting
for this proposed mandatory funding, NIH and ARPA-H would receive a total FY2025 program
level of $54.312 billion, a $5.5 billion (11.3%) increase from FY2024 enacted.
The mandatory Cancer Moonshot proposed funding would go to the National Cancer Institute,
which, in addition to $742 million in proposed discretionary funding, would provide for an
overall FY2025 Cancer Moonshot funding level of $2.164 billion. The Cancer Moonshot is
President Biden’s initiative to cut the U.S. death rate from cancer by 50% over the next 25 years
and to improve the experience of patients and their families living with cancer.18 The new
mandatory Cancer Moonshot funding would extend the expired Cures Act authorization for the
Cancer Moonshot initiative (see Table 1 ). The total program funding would support related
research, training, and health education activities.19 The $2.960 billion pandemic preparedness
funding is NIH’s portion of $20 billion in total mandatory funding proposed across HHS, to be
appropriated to the Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund, according to the
request.20 The proposal generally does not designate specific amounts for NIH ICs but describes a

14 CRS analysis of NIH’s Estimates of Funding for Various Research, Condition, and Disease Categories (RCDC) data,
last updated May 14, 2024, available at https://report.nih.gov/funding/categorical-spending#/.
15 The Biden Administration published its FY2025 budget request, including NIH-specific documents, on March 11,
2024. The Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 (P.L. 118-47), which included final LHHS appropriations,
became law on March 23, 2024.
16 Accounting for proposed transfers and other funding sources. Excluding the PHS evaluation tap transfer, the National
Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) would see a decrease of $601.3 million compared with FY2024
enacted (-18.5%). Excluding the mandatory type 1 diabetes funding, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) would also see a slight decrease compared with FY2024 enacted.
17 NIH, Overview of FY 2025 President’s Budget Proposal, p. 47, at https://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/pdfs/FY25/br/
Overview%20of%20FY%202025%20Presidents%20Budget.pdf.
18 CRS In Focus IF12504, The Cancer Moonshot: Overview and Issues.
19 NIH, Overview of FY 2025 President’s Budget Proposal, p. 8, at https://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/pdfs/FY25/br/
Overview%20of%20FY%202025%20Presidents%20Budget.pdf.
20 Called “biodefense” in the HHS Budget in Brief. HHS, Budget in Brief: FY2025, p. 171, at https://www.hhs.gov/
sites/default/files/fy-2025-budget-in-brief.pdf.
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number of activities the new funding would support, including vaccine and therapeutic
development, expanding laboratory capacity, and developing next-generation diagnostics.21 This
is the third year in which the Administration has proposed mandatory pandemic preparedness
funding; Congress has not adopted the proposal to date.
The Administration estimates that the proposed FY2025 funding level would support 43,636
research project grants, an increase of 460 from FY2023 enacted, with a total of 10,273 new and
competing grants.22 With respect to specific research areas and initiatives, some highlights and
increases from the request include the following:23
• Women’s health research: The FY2025 request includes $154 million for the Office of
Women’s Health research within the Office of the Director, an increase of $76 million
from both FY2023 and FY2024 enacted, each of which provided $76.5 million.24 The
new funds are intended to support research on topics such as research in menopause and
diabetes, opioid use disorder in pregnant women, and alcohol use during pregnancy. NIH
also intends to create a new nationwide network of centers of excellence and innovation
in women’s health.
• Mental and behavioral health: The FY2025 request includes an increase of $200
million relative to FY2023 for the National Institute of Mental Health to support better
diagnostics, improved treatments, and enhanced precision of care for mental health.
Compared with FY2024 enacted, NIMH would see a $274.8 million (12.1%) increase
under the FY2025 request (accounting for Cures Act transfers), per the table below.
See Table A-2 for a summary of specific program funding requested in the FY2025 budget
request.
Table 2. National Institutes of Health Funding, FY2023-FY2025
(budget authority, in millions of dollars)
FY2023
FY2024
FY2024
FY2025
Institutes/Centers
Final
Request
Enacted
Request
Cancer Institute (NCI)
$7,101
$7,820
$7,224
$7,839
Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
$3,985
$3,985
$3,982
$3,997
Dental/Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
$520
$520
$520
$522
Diabetes/Digestive/Kidney (NIDDK)a
$2,303
$2,303
$2,311
$2,310
Neurological Disorders/Stroke (NINDS)
$2,584
$2,739
$2,604
$2,788
Allergy/Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
$6,562
$6,562
$6,562
$6,581
General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)b
$1,827
$1,292
$1,832
$1,231
Child Health/Human Development (NICHD)
$1,748
$1,748
$1,759
$1,766
National Eye Institute (NEI)
$896
$896
$897
$899
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)c
$914
$939
$914
$917

21 NIH, Overview of FY 2025 President’s Budget Proposal, pp. 19-20, at https://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/pdfs/FY25/
br/Overview%20of%20FY%202025%20Presidents%20Budget.pdf.
22 HHS, Budget in Brief: FY2025, p. 54, at https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/fy-2025-budget-in-brief.pdf.
23 HHS, Budget in Brief: FY2025, pp. 47-51, at https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/fy-2025-budget-in-brief.pdf.
24 Congressional Record, vol. 168, no. 198, Book II, December 20, 2022, pp. S8881-S8887, S8853 and Congressional
Record, vol. 170, no. 51, Book II, March 22, 2024, p. H1891.
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FY2023
FY2024
FY2024
FY2025
Institutes/Centers
Final
Request
Enacted
Request
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
$4,412
$4,412
$4,508
$4,425
Arthritis/Musculoskeletal/Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
$688
$688
$685
$690
Deafness/Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
$534
$534
$534
$536
Alcohol Abuse/Alcoholism (NIAAA)
$597
$597
$198
$198
Nursing Research (NINR)
$198
$198
$595
$599
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
$1,663
$1,663
$1,663
$1,668
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
$2,117
$2,456
$2,188
$2,503
Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)
$661
$661
$663
$664
Biomedical Imaging/Bioengineering (NIBIB)
$441
$441
$441
$442
Complementary/Integrative Health (NCCIH)
$170
$170
$170
$171
Minority Health/Health Disparities (NIMHD)
$525
$525
$534
$527
Fogarty International Center (FIC)
$95
$95
$95
$95
National Library of Medicine (NLM)
$495
$495
$498
$527
Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)
$923
$923
$928
$926
Office of Director (OD)d
$2,647
$2,903
$2,606
$3,013
(Common Fund)
($722.4)
($722.4)
($672.4)
($722.4)
(Office for Research on Women’s Health)
($76.5)
($76.6)
($76.5)
($153.9)
Buildings and Facilities (B&F)
$350
$350
$350
$350
Subtotal, NIH (LHHS Discretionary BA)
$44,957
$45,915
$45,262
$46,185
Cures Act Innovation Accounte
$1,085
$407
$407
$127
PHS Program Evaluation (provided to NIGMS)
$1,412
$1,948
$1,412
$2,018
Superfund (Interior approp. to NIEHS)f
$83
$83
$80
$83
Mandatory type 1 diabetes funds (to NIDDK)g
$141
$250h
$150
$260h
NIH Program Level
$47,678
$48,603
$47,311
$48,674
Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health
$1,500
$2,500
$1,500
$1,500
(ARPA-H)i
NIH and ARPA-H Program Level
$49,178
$51,103
$48,811
$50,174
Pandemic Preparedness (proposed mandatory)j
—
$2,690
—
$2,690
Cancer Moonshot (proposed mandatory)
—
—
—
$1,448
Total w/ Proposed mandatory
$49,178
$53,793
$48,811
$54,312
Source: FY2024 request and FY2024 enacted numbers from Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 170, no. 51,
Book 11, March 22, 2024, pp. H2022-H2025, accessed at https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/03/22/170/51/
CREC-2024-03-22-bk2.pdf, and P.L. 118-47. FY2023 final and FY2025 request numbers from NIH, Overview of
FY2025 President’s Budget, pp. 100, 101, at https://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/pdfs/FY25/br/
Overview%20of%20FY%202025%20Presidents%20Budget.pdf, and ARPA-H, Congressional Justification: FY2025,
p. 9, accessed at https://arpa-h.gov/sites/default/files/2024-03/ARPA-H%20FY%202025.pdf, except where noted
below.
Notes: Table shows selected non-add amounts found in the explanatory statement. Totals may differ from the
sum of the components due to rounding. Amounts in table may differ from actuals in some cases. By convention,
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budget tables such as Table 2 do not subtract the amount of transfers to the evaluation tap from the agencies’
appropriation. In general, amounts provided to NIH for emergency requirements are excluded from these totals.
a. Amounts for the NIDDK do not include mandatory funding for type 1 diabetes research (see note h).
b. Amounts for NIGMS do not include funds from PHS Evaluation Set-Aside (§241 of the PHS Act).
c. Amounts for NIEHS do not include Interior/Environment Appropriations amount for Superfund research
(see note g).
d. Includes $12.6 mil ion transfer from the Pediatric Research Initiative Fund (PRIF) as initially authorized by
the Gabriella Mil er Kids First Research Act (P.L. 113-94).
e. Innovation account amounts are transferred to specific Institutes and Centers in accordance with the 21st
Century Cures Act (P.L. 114-255). In FY2023, NCI received $216 mil ion, and each of NINDS and NIMH
received $225 mil ion, with $419 mil ion remaining in the Innovation Account. For FY2024, expected
allocations include $86 mil ion allocated to each of NINDS and NIMH and $235 mil ion remaining in the
Innovation Account. For FY2025, expected allocations include $45.5 mil ion allocated to each of NINDS and
NIMH and $36 mil ion remaining in the Innovation Account. See footnote 77 in HHS, Budget in Brief:
FY2025, p. 52, https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/fy-2025-budget-in-brief.pdf.
f.
This is a separate account in the Interior/Environment appropriations for NIEHS research activities related
to Superfund research.
g. Mandatory funds are available to NIDDK for type 1 diabetes research under PHSA Section 330B (42 U.S.C.
§254c-2), which was most recently extended through December 31, 2024. The FY2023 amount for the type
I diabetes research program ($141 mil ion) is lower than funding level in law for FY2023 ($150 mil ion),
reflecting sequestration of $8.55 mil ion. See “Budget Mechanism Table,” p. 50, in
https://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/pdfs/FY25/br/Overview%20of%20FY%202025%20Presidents%20Budget.pdf
h. Proposed amount.
i.
ARPA-H was funded under a separate account under the Office of the Secretary in FY2023. For FY2023,
ARPA-H authorizing legislation in Division FF (P.L. 117-328) established it as a component of NIH. In
FY2024, ARPA-H was funded under an account within NIH.
j.
The FY2024 and FY2025 requests propose new mandatory funding for pandemic preparedness to be
available for five years. The requests propose an HHS-wide total of $20 bil ion for pandemic preparedness,
with $2.69 bil ion of the total designated for NIH. This amount is shown as a non-add in the requests. See
NIH, Overview of FY2024 President’s Budget, March 9, 2023, p. 7, and NIH, Overview of FY2025 President’s
Budget, March 11, 2024, p. 19-20.
Trends
Table 3 outlines NIH program level funding from FY1996 to the FY2025 request. Figure 1
illustrates funding trends in both current (also called nominal dollars) and projected constant (i.e.,
inflation-adjusted) FY2023 dollars (funding shown is total budget authority).
NIH has seen periods of high and low funding growth. Between FY1996 and FY1998, funding
for NIH grew from $11.928 billion to $13.675 billion (nominal dollars). Over the next five years,
Congress and the President doubled the NIH budget to $27.167 billion in FY2003 (often referred
to as the NIH budget doubling period). In each of FY1999 through FY2003, NIH received annual
funding increases of 14% to 16%. From FY2003 to FY2015, NIH funding increased more
gradually in nominal dollars.25 In some years, (FY2006, FY2011, and FY2013) funding for the
agency decreased in nominal dollars.26 From FY2016 through FY2023, NIH received funding

25 Amounts shown in Table 3 include appropriations for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria (FY2002-
FY2011) that were subject to transfer-out. As of FY2012, NIH no longer receives appropriations for the National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) identifying resources for the Global Fund; this responsibility was
transferred to another federal agency. For further details on the amounts transferred out by fiscal year, see the
“Supplemental Appropriation Data Table” for “History of Congressional Appropriations, Fiscal Years 2000-2012” at
http://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/approp_hist.html.
26 For instance, the FY2006 total was 0.1% lower than the previous year, the first time that NIH appropriations had
decreased since FY1970; the FY2011 total, provided in the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011 (P.L. 112-
(continued...)
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increases each year. The largest percentage increase was from FY2017 to FY2018, where the
program level increased by $3.010 billion (+8.8%), making this the largest percentage increase
since FY2003. As noted earlier, the FY2024 program level marks the first decrease since FY2013,
representing a 0.7% decrease from the FY2023 level (including ARPA-H funding). The FY2025
budget request would provide a 2.8% increase to the FY2024-enacted level.
The lower half of Figure 1 shows NIH funding adjusted for inflation (in projected constant
FY2023 dollars) using the Biomedical Research and Development Price Index (BRDPI).27 It
shows that the purchasing power of NIH funding initially peaked in FY2003 (the last year of the
five-year doubling period) and then declined fairly steadily for more than a decade until
consecutive funding increases were provided in each of FY2016 through FY2023. The FY2023
program level was 1.2% greater than the peak FY2003 program level, although the FY2023
program level included funding for a new agency, ARPA-H, and therefore was not exactly
comparable to the FY2003 level. Once again in FY2024, the NIH program level (including
ARPA-H) is less than the FY2003 peak level (-2.7%). When excluding funding for ARPA-H, the
FY2024 level is 5.2% less than the FY2003 level. The FY2025 proposed inflation-adjusted NIH
and ARPA-H program level is 2.6% less than the FY2003 program level and 3.3% less than the
FY2003 level when excluding ARPA-H funding.

10), was 1.0% less than the previous fiscal year; the FY2013 total, provided in the Consolidated and Further
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013 (P.L. 113-6), was reduced by the March 2013 sequestration and a transfer of
funding under the authority of the HHS Secretary ($1.553 billion and $173 million, respectively), resulting in a budget
that was 5.0% lower than the prior year.
27 The index is developed for NIH by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the Department of Commerce. It reflects the
increase in prices of the resources needed to conduct biomedical research, including personnel services, supplies, and
equipment. It indicates how much the NIH budget must change to maintain purchasing power. See “NIH Price
Indexes,” at https://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/gbiPriceIndexes.html.
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National Institutes of Health (NIH) Funding: FY1996-FY2025

Figure 1. NIH Funding, FY1996-FY2025 Request
Program Level Funding in Current and Projected Constant (FY2023) Dollars.

Source: Sources used for the FY2025 request and for FY2024 and FY2023 program levels are in Table 2. The
FY2022 (and earlier) program levels are from NIH Budget Office, Appropriations History by Institute/Center
(1938 to Present), at http://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/approp_hist.html. Inflation adjustment reflects the
Biomedical Research and Development Price Index (BRDPI), updated January 2024, at
https://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/gbiPriceIndexes.html.
Notes: By convention, program level totals include amounts “transferred in” pursuant to PHS tap but do not
include any amounts “transferred out” under this same authority. Program level includes all budget authority,
including appropriations for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria (FY2002-FY2011) that were subject
to transfer-out. As of FY2012, NIH no longer receives appropriations for the National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID) identifying resources for the Global Fund; this responsibility was transferred to
another federal agency. In general, amounts provided to NIH designated for emergency requirements are
excluded from these totals (e.g., the FY2020 and FY2021 amounts do not include the amounts provided in the
coronavirus supplemental appropriations acts). PB = President’s budget.
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Table 3. NIH Funding, FY1996-FY2025 Request
Program Level Funding in Current and Constant (FY2023) Dollars (Billions)
Program Level
Program Level
Projected Constant
% Relative to
Fiscal Year
Current $
% Change
FY2023 $
FY2003a
1996
11.928
5.6%
26.780

1997
12.741
6.8%
27.832

1998
13.675
7.3%
28.893

1999
15.629
14.3%
32.009

2000
17.841
14.1%
35.225

2001
20.459
14.7%
39.094

2002
23.321
14.0%
43.136

2003
27.167
16.5%
48.542

2004
28.037
3.2%
48.297
-0.5%
2005
28.594
2.0%
47.413
-2.3%
2006
28.560
-0.1%
45.262
-6.8%
2007
29.179
2.2%
44.551
-8.2%
2008
29.607
1.5%
43.184
-11.0%
2009
30.545
3.2%
43.285
-10.8%
2010
31.238
2.3%
42.960
-11.5%
2011
30.916
-1.0%
41.335
-14.8%
2012
30.861
-0.2%
40.739
-16.1%
2013
29.316
-5.0%
37.989
-21.7%
2014
30.143
2.8%
38.238
-21.2%
2015
30.311
0.6%
37.685
-22.4%
2016
32.311
6.6%
39.317
-19.0%
2017
34.301
6.2%
40.681
-16.2%
2018
37.311
8.8%
43.173
-11.1%
2019
39.313
5.4%
44.548
-8.2%
2020
41.690
6.0%
46.431
-4.4%
2021
42.941
3.0%
46.659
-3.9%
2022
46.183
7.5%
47.979
-1.2%
2023
49.178
6.5%
49.178
1.3%
2024
48.811
-0.7%
47.253
-2.7%
2025
Proposed
50.174
2.8%
47.282
-2.6%
Sources: Sources used for FY2025 proposed, FY2024, and FY2023 program levels are in Table 2. The FY2022
(and earlier) program levels are from NIH Budget Office, Appropriations History by Institute/Center (1938 to
Present), at http://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/approp_hist.html. Inflation adjustment reflects the Biomedical
Research and Development Price Index (BRDPI), updated January 2024, at https://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/
gbiPriceIndexes.html.
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Notes: By convention, budget tables, such as Table 3, include amounts “transferred in” pursuant to PHS tap
but do not include any amounts “transferred out” under this same authority. Program level includes all budget
authority, including appropriations for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria (FY2002-FY2011) that
were subject to transfer-out. As of FY2012, NIH no longer receives appropriations for the National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) identifying resources for the Global Fund; this responsibility was
transferred to another federal agency. In general, amounts provided to NIH for emergency requirements are
excluded from these totals (e.g., the FY2020 and FY2021 amounts do not include the amounts provided in the
coronavirus supplemental appropriations acts). FY2022-FY2025 amounts include funding for the Advanced
Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H). PB denotes “President’s budget.”
a. FY2003 was the year that NIH received the most program level funding (prior to FY2023) in 2023 constant
dol ars.
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Appendix A. NIH Funding Details
Program-Specific Funding
For the most part, Congress does not specify NIH funding for particular diseases or research
topics through appropriations and instead allows the ICs to award funding within their mission
areas based on their own strategic planning and priority-setting processes. Research funding is
generally awarded on a flexible and competitive basis through various funding allocation
mechanisms intended to balance scientific and health priorities.28
However, in some cases, Congress and the President specify funding levels for programs or
research areas within NIH accounts throughout the budget and appropriations process. Congress
uses appropriations report language to designate funding for specified purposes, whereas the
President proposes amounts in the annual budget request.29 This practice has expanded since
FY2015.30
In FY2024, Congress used appropriations report language to specify a certain amount of IC
funding for designated purposes, as summarized in Table A-1. Most of these amounts are
specified in the explanatory statement accompanying enacted appropriations.31 In a few cases,
amounts specified in the Senate appropriations report (S.Rept. 118-84) are incorporated by
reference.32 Sometimes the language specifies a certain amount for a certain purpose; in other
cases, the language provides increased or additional funding. The appropriations reports also
include many general statements recommending the agency to fund certain programs or areas of
research, as well as statements expressing the opinion or concerns of Congress regarding NIH.
These broad statements are not summarized here.

28 CRS Report R41705, The National Institutes of Health (NIH): Background and Congressional Issues.
29 For a general overview, see CRS Report R44124, Appropriations Report Language: Overview of Development and
Components, and CRS Report R47019, The Executive Budget Process: An Overview.
30 For example, in December 2014, the explanatory statement on the FY2015 omnibus stipulated, “In keeping with
longstanding practice, the agreement does not recommend a specific amount of NIH funding for this purpose
[Alzheimer’s disease] or for any other individual disease. Doing so would establish a dangerous precedent that could
politicize the NIH peer review system. Nevertheless, in recognition that Alzheimer’s disease poses a serious threat to
the Nation’s long-term health and economic stability, the agreement expects that a significant portion of the
recommended increase for NIA should be directed to research on Alzheimer’s. The exact amount should be determined
by scientific opportunity of additional research on this disease and the quality of grant applications that are submitted
for Alzheimer’s relative to those submitted for other diseases.” See Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 160, no.
151, Book II (December 11, 2014), p. H9832.
31 Congressional Record, vol. 168, no. 198, Book II, March 22, 2024, pp. H1890-H1891.
32 Senate report amounts cited where not superseded by the explanatory statement per direction in the explanatory
statement, “Unless otherwise noted, the language set forth in Senate Report 118-84 carries the same weight as language
included in this explanatory statement and should be complied with unless specifically addressed to the contrary in this
explanatory statement.” (Congressional Record, vol. 170, no. 51, Book II, March 22, 2024, p. H1886). CRS is unable
to determine precisely which directives in S.Rept. 118-84 are to be complied with.
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Table A-1. Specified NIH Funding Levels in FY2024 Explanatory Statement
Institute/Center
Program/Activity
Amount
National Cancer Institute
Childhood Cancer Data Initiative (CCDI)
No less than $50 mil ion,
(NCI)
including no less than $750,000
to continue to support
enhancement of the CCDI
Molecular Characterization
Initiative

Childhood Cancer Survivorship, Treatment
No less than $30 mil ion
Access, and Research (STAR) Act
(including $2 mil ion for cancer
registry case capture efforts for
childhood and adolescent
cancers)

NCI Paylines
An increase of $120 mil ion
National Heart, Lung, and
Community Engagement Alliance Against
$30 mil ion
Blood Institute (NHLBI)
COVID–19 Disparities (CEAL) Initiative
Valvular Heart Disease Research
$20 mil ion
National Institute of
Diabetes researcha
Additional $10 mil ion
Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Diseases
(NIDDK)
National Institute of
Alzheimer’s Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease
An increase in $10 mil ion for
Neurological Disorders
Related Dementias (AD/ADRD)
NINDS out of the $100 mil ion
and Stroke (NINDS)
increase for AD/ADRD across
NIH

Helping to End Addiction Long-term (HEAL)
An increase of $5 mil ion
Initiative (opioids, stimulants, and pain
management)

Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN)
$18 mil ion
National Institute of
Consortium of Food Allergy Research (CoFAR)
$12.1 mil ion
Allergy and Infectious
Diseases (NIAID)

Lyme and Tick-Borne Disease Research
No less than $100 mil ion

Regional biocontainment laboratories (RBL)
$52 mil ion, of which not less
than $3 mil ion shall be
provided to each of the 12
RBLs to support the
maintenance of a capable
research workforce, facilities,
and equipment

Research on antimicrobial resistancea
No less than $565 mil ion

Universal flu vaccine
No less than $270 mil ion, the
same as FY2023
National Institute of
Institutional Development Award (IDeA) Program $430.956 mil ion, an increase of
General Medical Sciences
$5 mil ion
(NIGMS)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver
Implementing a Maternal Health and Pregnancy
No less than $53.4 mil ion, an
National Institute of Child Outcomes Vision for Everyone (IMPROVE)
increase of $10 mil ion
Initiative
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Institute/Center
Program/Activity
Amount
Health and Human
Development (NICHD)
National Institute on
Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias
An increase in $90 mil ion for
Aging (NIA)
NIA out of the $100 mil ion an
increase for AD/ADRD across
NIH

Palliative Care Research
$12.5 mil ion
National Institute on Drug HEAL Initiative (opioids, stimulants, and pain
No less than $365.295 mil ion,
Abuse (NIDA)
management)a
an increase of $10 mil ion
National Institute of
Mental Health Research
An increase of $75 mil ion
Mental Health (NIMH)
National Institute of
Health Disparities Researcha
$10 mil ion
Nursing Research (NINR)
National Institute on
Improving Native American Cancer Outcomes
$6 mil ion
Minority Health and
Health Disparities

Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Health Research
$4 mil ion
Officer

Research Endowment Programa
$12 mil ion
National Center for
Pain and pain management researcha
$5 mil ion
Complementary and
Integrative Health
(NCCIH)
National Center for
Clinical and Translational Science Awards
$629.56 mil ion
Advancing Translational
(CTSAs)a
Sciences (NCATS)

Cures Acceleration Network (CAN)
$75 mil ion

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)a
$75 mil ion for implementation
of the Accelerating Access to
Critical Therapies for ALS Act

Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML)a
$135 mil ion

Biomedical Research Facilities- grants to renovate
$80 mil ion
and construct nonfederal research facilities

Brain Research through Advancing Innovative
$680 mil ionb
Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiativea

Cybersecurity
$265 mil ion

Developmental Delaysa
$10 mil ion

Environmental Influences on Child Health
$180 mil ion
Outcomes (ECHO)a

Firearm injury and mortality prevention research
$12.5 mil ion, the same level as
FY2023

Foreign influence: HHS Office of Extramural
$2.5 mil ion
Research allocationa

Funding Replication Experiments and/or Fraud
$10 mil ion
Detectiona
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Institute/Center
Program/Activity
Amount

Investigation of Co-Occurring Conditions Across
No less than $90 mil ion
the Lifespan to Understand Down Syndrome
(INCLUDE)

National Primate Research Centersa
$30 mil ion

NIH Support for Pediatric Research- National
$1.5 mil ion
Academies assessment of NIH’s current pediatric
research portfolioa

Office of the Chief Officer for Scientific
$22.415 mil ion
Workforce Diversity (COSWD)a

Office of Nutrition Research (ONR)
The same as FY2023 ($1.313
mil ion)c

Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH)
$76.48 mil ion, including $7
mil ion, an increase of $2
mil ion, for the Building
Interdisciplinary Research
Careers in Women’s Health
(BIRCWH) program

Research on Enhanced Potential Pandemic
$1 mil ion
Pathogens- implementation office for technical
assistancea

Term Limits—Implementing NIH policy to limit
$500,000
IC Directors to serve two termsa
Source: Congressional Record, vol. 168, no. 198, Book II, March 22, 2024, pp. H1890-H1891. Senate report
amounts cited where not superseded by the explanatory statement per direction in the explanatory statement,
“Unless otherwise noted, the language set forth in S.Rept. 118-84 carries the same weight as language included in
this explanatory statement and should be complied with unless specifically addressed to the contrary in this
explanatory statement” (p. H1886). CRS is unable to determine precisely which directives in S.Rept. 118-84 are
to be complied with.
Notes: Table does not include amounts already shown in Table A-1. Dol ar amounts are at the level of detail
used in the appropriations report text.
a. From S.Rept. 118-84.
b. Amount includes $172 mil ion from the Innovation Account for the BRAIN Initiative as authorized by the
Cures Act (split between NINDS and NIMH in FY2024 appropriations).
c. See pages OD-18 and OD-26 in the FY2025 Congressional Justification for the NIH Office of the Director,
at https://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/pdfs/FY25/insti_center_subs/27-OD_FY25_CJ_Chapter.pdf.
Table A-2. Specified NIH Funding Levels in the FY2025 HHS Budget in Brief
Institute/Center
Program/Activity
Amount
National Cancer Institute
Cancer Moonshot
$716 mil ion total in
(NCI)
discretionary funds, an
increase of $500 mil ion
over FY2023 (in addition
to proposed mandatory
funds discussed in this
report)
Office of the Director
Office of Women’s Health Research
$154 mil ion, an increase of
(OD)
$76 mil ion
Firearm research
$25 mil ion, $12 mil ion
more than FY2023
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Institute/Center
Program/Activity
Amount
Several ICs
All of Us Precision Medicine Initiative and Brain
$1.2 bil ion for both
Research Through Advancing Innovative
initiativesa (same funding
Neurotechnologies (BRAIN)
level as FY2023)
Several ICs
Opioids, stimulant, and pain research
$1.8 bil ion (same as
FY2023 enacted), including
$636 mil ion for the
Helping to End Addiction
Long-term (HEAL)
Initiative
National Institute on
Health disparities and inequities research
$95 mil ion
Minority Health and
Health Disparities
(NIMHD) and other ICs
National Institute of
Developing a universal influenza vaccine
$270 mil ion
Allergy and Infectious
Ending the HIV epidemic in the United States
$26 mil ion (same as
Diseases (NIAID) and
FY2023 enacted)
other ICs
Eunice Kennedy Shriver
IMPROVE Initiative
$43 mil ion, increase of
National Institute of Child
$13.4 mil ion relative to
Health and Human
FY2023
Development (NICHD)
Impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy and lactation
$3 mil ion
National Institute of
Innovating mental health research and treatment,
An increase of $200
Mental Health (NIMH)
including to support better diagnostics, improved
mil ion; $10 mil ion to
treatments, and enhanced precision of care for mental
support NIH-led effort to
health.
promote effective
approaches to prevent or
reduce risk for behavioral
health disorders
National Library of
Create and maintain col ection, storage, and cutting-
$30 mil ion
Medicine
edge analytics for clinical care data for NIH’s artificial
intelligence initiative
Buildings and Facilities
Address NIH’s backlog of maintenance and repair on
$350 mil ion
its intramural campus
Source: HHS, Budget in Brief: FY2025, pp. 54-56, https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/fy-2025-budget-in-
brief.pdf.
Notes: Dol ar amounts are at the level of detail used in the budget request and are presented in the order they
appear in the budget in brief, except where grouped by IC. Table does not include proposed mandatory
spending.
a. Total amount includes $127 mil ion from the Innovation Account for the BRAIN Initiative and PMI as
authorized by the Cures Act.

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Appendix B. Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronym/
Abbreviation
Organization/Term
ARPA-H
Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health
BRAIN
Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies
DARPA
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DOD
Department of Defense
FIC
Fogarty International Center
FY
Fiscal Year
IC
Institutes and Centers
NCATS
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
NCCIH
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
NCI
National Cancer Institute
NEF
Nonrecurring Expenses Fund
NEI
National Eye Institute
NHGRI
National Human Genome Research Institute
NHLBI
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
NIA
National Institute on Aging
NIAAA
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
NIAID
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
NIAMS
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
NIBIB
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
NICHD
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
NIDA
National Institute on Drug Abuse
NIDCD
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
NIDCR
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
NIDDK
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
NIEHS
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
NIGMS
National Institute of General Medical Sciences
NIMH
National Institute of Mental Health
NIMHD
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
NINDS
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
NINR
National Institute of Nursing Research
NLM
National Library of Medicine
OD
NIH Office of the Director
PHS
Public Health Service
PMI
Precision Medicine Initiative
Congressional Research Service

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National Institutes of Health (NIH) Funding: FY1996-FY2025

Author Information

Kavya Sekar

Analyst in Health Policy

Acknowledgments
CRS Research Assistants John Gorman and Joe Angert provided assistance for this report.

Disclaimer
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Congressional Research Service
R43341 · VERSION 50 · UPDATED
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