{ "id": "R41542", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "R", "number": "R41542", "active": true, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "summary": null, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R41542", "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "type": "CRS Report", "formats": [ { "sha1": "c69d58cda4c19a6c78d6ad8b47a402c32e6e4b4e", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R41542/67", "filename": "files/2023-09-12_R41542_c69d58cda4c19a6c78d6ad8b47a402c32e6e4b4e.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2023-09-12_R41542_c69d58cda4c19a6c78d6ad8b47a402c32e6e4b4e.html" } ], "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "retrieved": "2023-10-06T04:03:39.292393", "date": "2023-09-12", "typeId": "R", "id": "R41542_67_2023-09-12", "active": true }, { "summary": null, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R41542", "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "type": "CRS Report", "formats": [ { "sha1": "42f22553a65940774762bda7664f845fd933ce4b", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R41542/65", "filename": "files/2023-09-07_R41542_42f22553a65940774762bda7664f845fd933ce4b.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2023-09-07_R41542_42f22553a65940774762bda7664f845fd933ce4b.html" } ], "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "retrieved": "2023-10-06T04:03:39.291207", "date": "2023-09-07", "typeId": "R", "id": "R41542_65_2023-09-07", "active": true }, { "summary": null, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R41542", "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "type": "CRS Report", "formats": [ { "sha1": "71f0ce4725fe97c91543899383d5d7196d5c96f4", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R41542/63", "filename": "files/2021-02-23_R41542_71f0ce4725fe97c91543899383d5d7196d5c96f4.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2021-02-23_R41542_71f0ce4725fe97c91543899383d5d7196d5c96f4.html" } ], "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "retrieved": "2023-10-06T04:03:39.290105", "date": "2021-02-23", "typeId": "R", "id": "R41542_63_2021-02-23", "active": true }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 588781, "date": "2018-12-13", "retrieved": "2019-12-20T20:20:51.282333", "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "summary": "Major changes have occurred in campaign finance policy since 2002, when Congress substantially amended campaign finance law via the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA). The Supreme Court\u2019s 2010 ruling in Citizens United and a related lower-court decision, SpeechNow.org v. FEC, arguably represent the most fundamental changes to campaign finance law in decades. Citizens United lifted a previous ban on corporate (and union) independent expenditures advocating election or defeat of candidates. SpeechNow permitted unlimited contributions supporting such expenditures and facilitated the advent of super PACs. Although campaign finance policy remains the subject of intense debate and public interest, there have been few recent major legislative or regulatory changes. In activity related to campaign finance policy, provisions in recent appropriations laws have prohibited some additional reporting requirements surrounding contributions and expenditures. Enacted 115th Congress legislation containing these provisions includes FY2018 consolidated appropriations law P.L. 115-141. Also through the appropriations process, the 115th Congress enacted legislation (P.L. 115-244) amending the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) to require electronic filing of Senate campaign finance reports.\nThe above actions notwithstanding, the 115th Congress has not enacted major changes to campaign finance law, and there have been no major regulatory changes during the same period. The Committee on House Administration ordered reported a bill (H.R. 133) that would terminate the Presidential Election Campaign Fund. In addition, in some congressional legislative hearings, some Members of Congress have raised questions about whether prohibited foreign funds could have influenced the 2016 and 2018 elections, and required the FEC to issue a report on its enforcement of the FECA ban on such funds.\nPost-Citizens United, debate over disclosure and deregulation have been recurring themes in Congress and beyond. Legislation to require additional information about the flow of money among various donors, the DISCLOSE Act, passed the House during the 111th Congress and was reintroduced during subsequent Congresses. Congress also has considered alternatives, which include some elements of DISCLOSE, or proposals that would require additional disclosure from certain 501(c) groups. The debate over whether or how additional disclosure is needed has also extended to the Federal Election Commission\u2014and congressional oversight of the agency\u2014and the courts. \nDuring the same period, statutory and judicial changes eased some contribution limits and affected the presidential public financing program. Most consequentially, the Supreme Court invalidated aggregate contribution limits in April 2014 (McCutcheon v. FEC). Also in 2014, Congress and President Obama terminated public funding for presidential nominating conventions (P.L. 113-94). Congress responded to these events by including language in the FY2015 omnibus appropriations law (P.L. 113-235) that increased limits for some contributions to political party committees, including for conventions. \nThis report considers these and other developments in campaign finance policy and comments on areas of potential conflict and consensus. This report emphasizes issues that have been most prominent in recent Congresses. It also discusses major elements of campaign finance policy. This report will be updated occasionally to reflect major developments.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/R41542", "sha1": "eb73b0e9cda992bad3de0fb654cee49eec1af56b", "filename": "files/20181213_R41542_eb73b0e9cda992bad3de0fb654cee49eec1af56b.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R41542", "sha1": "0d84ed80babb61ce23b13dc1de8fbc5595aaffd1", "filename": "files/20181213_R41542_0d84ed80babb61ce23b13dc1de8fbc5595aaffd1.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4745, "name": "Campaign Finance" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 462641, "date": "2017-07-13", "retrieved": "2017-08-22T13:55:28.171235", "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "summary": "Major changes have occurred in campaign finance policy since 2002, when Congress substantially amended campaign finance law via the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA). The Supreme Court\u2019s 2010 ruling in Citizens United and a related lower-court decision, SpeechNow.org v. FEC, arguably represent the most fundamental changes to campaign finance law in decades. Citizens United lifted a previous ban on corporate (and union) independent expenditures advocating election or defeat of candidates. SpeechNow permitted unlimited contributions supporting such expenditures and facilitated the advent of super PACs. Although campaign finance policy remains the subject of intense debate and public interest, there have been few recent major legislative or regulatory changes. In activity related to campaign finance policy, provisions in the FY2016 consolidated appropriations law (P.L. 114-113; H.R. 2029) prohibited some additional reporting requirements surrounding contributions and expenditures. (See also related bills H.R. 2995, S. 1910, and S. 2132.) FY2017 bills (H.R. 5485; S. 3067) also contained provisions related to campaign finance. \nAs of this writing, the 115th Congress has not enacted changes to campaign finance law, and there have been no major regulatory changes during the same period. The Committee on House Administration has ordered reported a bill (H.R. 133) that would terminate the Presidential Election Campaign Fund. In addition, in some congressional hearings, Members of Congress have raised questions about whether prohibited foreign funds could have influenced the 2016 elections. The Federal Election Commission also has debated how or whether to address the allegations. Separately, and particularly relevant for Congress, in July 2017, the FEC approved an advisory opinion permitting Members of Congress to use campaign funds for residential security systems in some circumstances.\nPost-Citizens United, debate over disclosure and deregulation have been recurring themes in Congress and beyond. Legislation to require additional information about the flow of money among various donors, the DISCLOSE Act, passed the House during the 111th Congress and was reintroduced during subsequent Congresses. Congress also has considered alternatives, which include some elements of DISCLOSE, or proposals that would require additional disclosure from certain 501(c) groups. The debate over whether or how additional disclosure is needed has also extended to the Federal Election Commission\u2014and congressional oversight of the agency\u2014and the courts. \nDuring the same period, statutory and judicial changes eased some contribution limits and affected the presidential public financing program. Most consequentially, the Supreme Court invalidated aggregate contribution limits in April 2014 (McCutcheon v. FEC). Also in 2014, Congress and President Obama terminated public funding for presidential nominating conventions (P.L. 113-94). Congress responded to these events by including language in the FY2015 omnibus appropriations law (P.L. 113-235) that increased limits for some contributions to political party committees, including for conventions. \nThis report considers these and other developments in campaign finance policy and comments on areas of potential conflict and consensus. This report emphasizes issues that appear to be most prominently before the 115th Congress. It also discusses major elements of campaign finance policy. This report will be updated occasionally to reflect major developments.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R41542", "sha1": "8ac35ff0ea9fd8da4e1f1a2fbe5332d51f83368b", "filename": "files/20170713_R41542_8ac35ff0ea9fd8da4e1f1a2fbe5332d51f83368b.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R41542", "sha1": "2a3ab585e98ff468a885620c26dd0a70f84c6426", "filename": "files/20170713_R41542_2a3ab585e98ff468a885620c26dd0a70f84c6426.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4745, "name": "Campaign Finance" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 454982, "date": "2016-08-09", "retrieved": "2016-11-28T21:47:42.851153", "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "summary": "Major changes have occurred in campaign finance policy since 2002, when Congress substantially amended campaign finance law via the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA). The Supreme Court\u2019s 2010 ruling in Citizens United and a related lower-court decision, SpeechNow.org v. FEC, arguably represent the most fundamental changes to campaign finance law in decades. Citizens United lifted a previous ban on corporate (and union) independent expenditures advocating election or defeat of candidates. SpeechNow permitted unlimited contributions supporting such expenditures and facilitated the advent of super PACs. Although campaign finance policy remains the subject of intense debate and public interest, there have been few recent major legislative or regulatory changes. During the 114th Congress, two bills substantially devoted to campaign finance policy have advanced beyond introduction. The Committee on House Administration reported H.R. 412, which would terminate the presidential public financing program; and H.R. 4734, which would permit candidates to name someone other than the treasurer to disburse funds if the candidate dies. In activity somewhat related to campaign finance policy, provisions in the FY2016 consolidated appropriations law (P.L. 114-113; H.R. 2029) prohibited some additional reporting requirements surrounding contributions and expenditures. (See also related bills H.R. 2995, S. 1910, and S. 2132.) FY2017 bills (H.R. 5485; S. 3067) also contain provisions related to campaign finance.\nPost-Citizens United, debate over disclosure and deregulation have been recurring themes in Congress and beyond. Legislation to require additional information about the flow of money among various donors, the DISCLOSE Act, passed the House during the 111th Congress and was reintroduced during subsequent Congresses (as H.R. 430 and S. 229 in the 114th Congress). Recent alternatives, which include some elements of DISCLOSE, include 113th Congress bills such as Senators Wyden and Murkowski\u2019s S. 791, or proposals that would require additional disclosure from certain 501(c) groups. The debate over whether or how additional disclosure is needed has also extended to the Federal Election Commission\u2014and congressional oversight of the agency\u2014and the courts. \nDuring the same period, statutory and judicial changes eased some contribution limits and affected the presidential public financing program. Most consequentially, the Supreme Court invalidated aggregate contribution limits in April 2014 (McCutcheon v. FEC). Also in 2014, Congress and President Obama terminated public funding for presidential nominating conventions (P.L. 113-94). Congress responded to these events by including language in the FY2015 omnibus appropriations law (P.L. 113-235) that increased limits for some contributions to political party committees, including for conventions. The 113th Congress also advanced legislation (which was not enacted) to curtail the presidential public financing program (H.R. 94; H.R. 95; H.R. 1994), designate campaign-spending authority after a candidate\u2019s death (H.R. 186), require Senate political committees to file campaign finance reports electronically (S. 375), and amend the Constitution to permit additional campaign finance regulation (S.J.Res. 19). It enacted bills to extend the FEC\u2019s Administrative Fine Program (P.L. 113-72) and prevent political-spending information from being required in the federal contracting process (P.L. 113-76). In addition, the House Judiciary Committee has ordered reported legislation (H.R. 2832) to codify a change in the location of federal election law in the U.S. Code.\nThis report considers these and other developments in campaign finance policy and comments on areas of potential conflict and consensus. This report emphasizes issues that appear to be most prominently before the 114th Congress. It also discusses major elements of campaign finance policy. This report will be updated occasionally to reflect major developments.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R41542", "sha1": "ce1e2e4c128e93cfcbd58e1374e574d9d939cb11", "filename": "files/20160809_R41542_ce1e2e4c128e93cfcbd58e1374e574d9d939cb11.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R41542", "sha1": "c2ea7fe710f0f5872a55405a635db6b6ae061a7b", "filename": "files/20160809_R41542_c2ea7fe710f0f5872a55405a635db6b6ae061a7b.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4745, "name": "Campaign Finance" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc855922/", "id": "R41542_2016Jun23", "date": "2016-06-23", "retrieved": "2016-08-07T13:31:21", "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report provides an overview of the campaign finance landscape and policy issues that may confront Congress. It includes information about the development of campaign finance law with selected litigation as well as potential policy considerations and emerging issues.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20160623_R41542_c7735f2358ee19ad23e2e447b01040b20d961b7e.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20160623_R41542_c7735f2358ee19ad23e2e447b01040b20d961b7e.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign finance reform", "name": "Campaign finance reform" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign funds", "name": "Campaign funds" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Elections", "name": "Elections" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 450606, "date": "2016-02-29", "retrieved": "2016-03-24T17:02:45.321292", "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "summary": "Major changes have occurred in campaign finance policy since 2002, when Congress substantially amended campaign finance law via the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA). The Supreme Court\u2019s 2010 ruling in Citizens United and a related lower-court decision, SpeechNow.org v. FEC, arguably represent the most fundamental changes to campaign finance law in decades. Citizens United lifted a previous ban on corporate (and union) independent expenditures advocating election or defeat of candidates. SpeechNow permitted unlimited contributions supporting such expenditures and facilitated the advent of super PACs. Although campaign finance policy remains the subject of intense debate and public interest, there have been few legislative or regulatory changes to respond to the 2010 court rulings. Thus far during the 114th Congress, only one bill substantially devoted to campaign finance policy has advanced beyond introduction. The Committee on House Administration has reported that bill, H.R. 412, which would terminate the presidential public financing program. In activity somewhat related to campaign finance policy, provisions in the FY2016 consolidated appropriations law (P.L. 114-113; H.R. 2029) prohibited some additional reporting requirements surrounding contributions and expenditures. (See also related bills H.R. 2995, S. 1910, and S. 2132.) \nPost-Citizens United, debate over disclosure and deregulation have been recurring themes in Congress and beyond. Legislation to require additional information about the flow of money among various donors, the DISCLOSE Act, passed the House during the 111th Congress and was reintroduced during subsequent Congresses (as H.R. 430 and S. 229 in the 114th Congress). Recent alternatives, which include some elements of DISCLOSE, include 113th Congress bills such as Senators Wyden and Murkowski\u2019s S. 791, or proposals that would require additional disclosure from certain 501(c) groups. The debate over whether or how additional disclosure is needed has also extended to the Federal Election Commission\u2014and congressional oversight of the agency\u2014and the courts. \nDuring the same period, statutory changes eased some contribution limits. These developments, too, are affected by courts and regulatory agencies. Most recently, the Supreme Court invalidated aggregate contribution limits in April 2014 (McCutcheon v. FEC). Also in 2014, Congress and President Obama terminated public funding for presidential nominating conventions (P.L. 113-94). Congress responded by including language in the FY2015 omnibus appropriations law (P.L. 113-235) that increased limits for some contributions to political party committees, including for conventions. The 113th Congress also advanced legislation (which was not enacted) to curtail the presidential public financing program (H.R. 94; H.R. 95; H.R. 1994), designate campaign-spending authority after a candidate\u2019s death (H.R. 186), require Senate political committees to file campaign finance reports electronically (S. 375), and amend the Constitution to permit additional campaign finance regulation (S.J.Res. 19). It enacted bills to extend the FEC\u2019s Administrative Fine Program (P.L. 113-72) and prevent political-spending information from being required in the federal contracting process (P.L. 113-76).\nThis report considers these and other developments in campaign finance policy and comments on areas of potential conflict and consensus. This report emphasizes issues that appear to be most prominently before the 114th Congress. It also discusses major elements of campaign finance policy. This report will be updated occasionally to reflect major developments.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R41542", "sha1": "66684e3545c6ae20c49b48bf0d2bfd482d38b41c", "filename": "files/20160229_R41542_66684e3545c6ae20c49b48bf0d2bfd482d38b41c.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R41542", "sha1": "296a2a6b406511357d77dedcabca9d7d45a428b9", "filename": "files/20160229_R41542_296a2a6b406511357d77dedcabca9d7d45a428b9.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 529, "name": "Campaign Finance" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc627056/", "id": "R41542_2015Apr30", "date": "2015-04-30", "retrieved": "2015-06-15T14:46:40", "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report includes updated material that emphasizes the issues most prominently before the 113th Congress. It also discusses foundational information about major elements of campaign finance policy.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20150430_R41542_4e67f73e148d4e47d235cfbce724a174af07288a.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20150430_R41542_4e67f73e148d4e47d235cfbce724a174af07288a.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign finance reform", "name": "Campaign finance reform" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign funds", "name": "Campaign funds" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Elections", "name": "Elections" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332864/", "id": "R41542_2014Jun23", "date": "2014-06-23", "retrieved": "2014-08-27T12:47:05", "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report includes updated material that emphasizes the issues most prominently before the 113th Congress. It also discusses foundational information about major elements of campaign finance policy.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140623_R41542_df5f21a2ed3a8ee7f41bf25d3bf8053b68943ed5.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140623_R41542_df5f21a2ed3a8ee7f41bf25d3bf8053b68943ed5.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign funds", "name": "Campaign funds" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign finance reform", "name": "Campaign finance reform" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Elections", "name": "Elections" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc287930/", "id": "R41542_2014Apr22", "date": "2014-04-22", "retrieved": "2014-06-05T20:55:02", "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report includes updated material that emphasizes the issues most prominently before the 113th Congress. It also discusses foundational information about major elements of campaign finance policy.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140422_R41542_0010a127f6ed3781c45df71f47ecf7e1c011ee17.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140422_R41542_0010a127f6ed3781c45df71f47ecf7e1c011ee17.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign funds", "name": "Campaign funds" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign finance reform", "name": "Campaign finance reform" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Elections", "name": "Elections" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc272013/", "id": "R41542_2013Nov07", "date": "2013-11-07", "retrieved": "2014-02-03T19:46:03", "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report includes updated material that emphasizes the issues most prominently before the 113th Congress. It also discusses foundational information about major elements of campaign finance policy.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20131107_R41542_6d7d6b6ce1c7b249f4964641f960a01e8c9cd9d3.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20131107_R41542_6d7d6b6ce1c7b249f4964641f960a01e8c9cd9d3.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign funds", "name": "Campaign funds" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign finance reform", "name": "Campaign finance reform" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Elections", "name": "Elections" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc227696/", "id": "R41542_2013Sep20", "date": "2013-09-20", "retrieved": "2013-11-05T18:07:05", "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report includes updated material that emphasizes the issues most prominently before the 113th Congress. It also discusses foundational information about major elements of campaign finance policy.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130920_R41542_f6658b35a420a9b3d1c2162b9ff0eea290ee1f36.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20130920_R41542_f6658b35a420a9b3d1c2162b9ff0eea290ee1f36.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign funds", "name": "Campaign funds" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign finance reform", "name": "Campaign finance reform" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Elections", "name": "Elections" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc820973/", "id": "R41542_2012Jan04", "date": "2012-01-04", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report discusses selected litigation to demonstrate how those events have changed the campaign finance landscape and affected the policy issues that may confront Congress, but it is not a constitutional or legal analysis. Campaign finance data appears throughout the report.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120104_R41542_b4b8ef4763acf87d8fadaa55ed9a64916358a983.pdf" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign finance reform", "name": "Campaign finance reform" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign funds", "name": "Campaign funds" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Elections", "name": "Elections" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc816332/", "id": "R41542_2011Dec05", "date": "2011-12-05", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report discusses selected litigation to demonstrate how those events have changed the campaign finance landscape and affected the policy issues that may confront Congress, but it is not a constitutional or legal analysis. Finally, campaign finance data appear throughout the report.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20111205_R41542_a1f74cf103ce9c6b397515eea23b9b87faec1541.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20111205_R41542_a1f74cf103ce9c6b397515eea23b9b87faec1541.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign finance reform", "name": "Campaign finance reform" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign funds", "name": "Campaign funds" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Elections", "name": "Elections" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc807740/", "id": "R41542_2011Jul18", "date": "2011-07-18", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110718_R41542_574b948df7290cd4ea6cc99d340f179982d8277d.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110718_R41542_574b948df7290cd4ea6cc99d340f179982d8277d.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc812204/", "id": "R41542_2011Jun27", "date": "2011-06-27", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "summary": "As Congress decides whether to revisit law surrounding political campaigns, it may be appropriate to take stock of the current landscape and to examine what has changed, what has not, and what policy options might be relevant. This report provides a starting point for doing so. It also provides comments on how those events might affect future policy considerations.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110627_R41542_228f0d6278ad871464c1e71ea8535ec34babeca6.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110627_R41542_228f0d6278ad871464c1e71ea8535ec34babeca6.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign finance reform", "name": "Campaign finance reform" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign funds", "name": "Campaign funds" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Elections", "name": "Elections" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822564/", "id": "R41542_2011Jun07", "date": "2011-06-07", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report includes updated material that emphasizes the issues most prominently before the 113th Congress. It also discusses foundational information about major elements of campaign finance policy.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110607_R41542_b82101306156062d897d715b658e173cd0d59281.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110607_R41542_b82101306156062d897d715b658e173cd0d59281.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign finance reform", "name": "Campaign finance reform" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign funds", "name": "Campaign funds" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Elections", "name": "Elections" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc807883/", "id": "R41542_2011Apr29", "date": "2011-04-29", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report is intended to provide an accessible overview of major policy issues facing Congress. Citations to other CRS products, which provide additional information, appear where relevant. The report discusses selected litigation to demonstrate how those events have changed the campaign finance landscape and affected the policy issues that may confront Congress, but it is not a constitutional or legal analysis. Finally, campaign finance data appear throughout the report.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110429_R41542_b302d09510c9cd0fa2a3b365949e37fa72ca7ee3.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110429_R41542_b302d09510c9cd0fa2a3b365949e37fa72ca7ee3.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign finance reform", "name": "Campaign finance reform" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign funds", "name": "Campaign funds" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Elections", "name": "Elections" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc810804/", "id": "R41542_2010Dec21", "date": "2010-12-21", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress", "summary": "The report discusses selected litigation to demonstrate how those events have changed the campaign finance landscape and affected the policy issues that may confront Congress, but it is not a constitutional or legal analysis. Finally, campaign finance data appear throughout the report.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20101221_R41542_e31d0beead264444971d71d4f98e6d6d32db813a.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20101221_R41542_e31d0beead264444971d71d4f98e6d6d32db813a.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign finance reform", "name": "Campaign finance reform" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Campaign funds", "name": "Campaign funds" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Elections", "name": "Elections" } ] } ], "topics": [ "American Law", "Intelligence and National Security", "National Defense" ] }