{ "id": "R40240", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "R40240", "active": false, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 418981, "date": "2013-03-25", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T23:33:25.517177", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Legislation: Status and Challenges", "summary": "Since President Bush signed the FY2005 Intelligence Authorization Act (P.L. 108-487) in December 2004, no subsequent intelligence authorization legislation was enacted until the FY2010 bill was signed by President Obama in October 2010 (after the end of FY2010), becoming P.L. 111-259. Although the National Security Act requires intelligence activities to be specifically authorized, this requirement had been satisfied in previous years by one-sentence catchall provisions in defense appropriations acts authorizing intelligence activities. This procedure meets the statutory requirement but has, according to some observers, weakened the ability of Congress to oversee intelligence activities.\nOver the last two years, Congress has met its statutory requirement by passing three intelligence authorization bills that included classified schedules of authorizations and that were signed into law. Most recently, in December 2012, the House and Senate passed S. 3454, the intelligence authorization for FY2013, which was signed into law by the President on January 14, 2013 (P.L. 112-277). Key issues debated during the passage of these bills included the adequacy of Director of National Intelligence (DNI) authorities, Government Accountability Office (GAO) audit authority over the intelligence community, and measures to combat national security leaks. These three bills appear to reflect a determination to underscore the continuing need for specific annual intelligence authorization legislation.\nAnnual intelligence authorization acts were first passed in 1978 after the establishment of the two congressional intelligence committees and were enacted every year until 2005. These acts provided specific authorizations of intelligence activities and were accompanied by reports that provided detailed guidance to the nation\u2019s intelligence agencies. The recent absence of intelligence authorization acts has meant that key intelligence issues have been addressed in defense authorization acts and defense appropriations acts that focus primarily on the activities of the Department of Defense (DOD).\nSeveral Members have maintained that this procedure has been characterized by misplaced priorities and wasteful spending estimates that could run into billions. One example is the eventual cancellation of a highly classified and very costly overhead surveillance system that had been approved without support from the two intelligence committees.\nThe challenge for the 113th Congress will be to help shape intelligence priorities while the intelligence community shifts from a decade of growth to a time of shrinking budgets. Reforms since 9/11 have attempted to create a more collaborative, integrated community. Reflecting that reality, intelligence priorities, and corresponding budget cuts, will be spread across six Cabinet departments and two independent agencies. The two intelligence committees are positioned to have the most comprehensive information on intelligence activities broadly defined, including those conducted by agencies and those within DOD. Congress has an important role in intelligence oversight and in helping the community to avoid what DNI James Clapper in March 2013 called \u201canother damaging downward spiral\u201d similar to that which he said occurred after budget cuts in the 1990s. The annual intelligence authorization bill will be one of its most valuable legislative tools.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R40240", "sha1": "0f713ccdb3afa8c1f1e10f8ba8ee75a7466fd634", "filename": "files/20130325_R40240_0f713ccdb3afa8c1f1e10f8ba8ee75a7466fd634.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R40240", "sha1": "dc8c13315bae9fde4ce1a8a3e1f0a5d30ea830ec", "filename": "files/20130325_R40240_dc8c13315bae9fde4ce1a8a3e1f0a5d30ea830ec.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc462008/", "id": "R40240_2012Sep18", "date": "2012-09-18", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Legislation: Status and Challenges", "summary": "This report assesses the effects of the absence of intelligence authorization legislation subsequent to FY2005 and indicate the substantial but limited effects of the FY2010 Intelligence Authorization Act (P.L. 111-259)", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120918_R40240_624b497550c0a7136208b6e22ece2edc0d83c0f5.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120918_R40240_624b497550c0a7136208b6e22ece2edc0d83c0f5.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "National security", "name": "National security" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Intelligence activities", "name": "Intelligence activities" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Budgets", "name": "Budgets" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Appropriations", "name": "Appropriations" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc818590/", "id": "R40240_2012Jun01", "date": "2012-06-01", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Legislation: Status and Challenges", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120601_R40240_7a638bb5dcce380c06be97aece9750f33c203299.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120601_R40240_7a638bb5dcce380c06be97aece9750f33c203299.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc87136/", "id": "R40240_2012May21", "date": "2012-05-21", "retrieved": "2012-07-03T07:51:21", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Legislation: Status and Challenges", "summary": "A look at the background of annual intelligence authorization acts until 2005. Discussion of the FY2005 Intelligence Authorization bill signed by President Bush, the FY2011 Intelligence Authorization Act passed by Congress and signed into P.L. 112-18 by President Obama, and the Intelligence Authorization for FY2012, which was signed into law by President Obama as P.L. 112-87.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120521_R40240_710570565233626cf31bbdcc4f08ec723d8c7bee.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120521_R40240_710570565233626cf31bbdcc4f08ec723d8c7bee.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Intelligence services", "name": "Intelligence services" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Legislation", "name": "Legislation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Intelligence officers", "name": "Intelligence officers" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc87135/", "id": "R40240_2012Feb13", "date": "2012-02-13", "retrieved": "2012-07-03T07:51:21", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Legislation: Status and Challenges", "summary": "Since President Bush signed the FY2005 Intelligence Authorization bill in December 2004, no subsequent intelligence authorization legislation was enacted until the FY2010 bill was signed by President Obama in October 2010 (after the end of FY2010), becoming P.L. 111-259. Although the National Security Act requires intelligence activities to be specifically authorized, this requirement has been satisfied in recent years by one-sentence \r\ncatchall provisions in defense appropriations acts authorizing intelligence activities. This procedure meets the statutory requirement but has, according to some observers, weakened the \r\nability of Congress to oversee intelligence activities.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120213_R40240_7cb86346b2c44b16f7b396cb48e6d128c449da47.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120213_R40240_7cb86346b2c44b16f7b396cb48e6d128c449da47.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Legislation", "name": "Legislation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Intelligence services", "name": "Intelligence services" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Intelligence officers", "name": "Intelligence officers" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc83921/", "id": "R40240_2011Dec19", "date": "2011-12-19", "retrieved": "2012-04-27T15:49:45", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Legislation: Status and Challenges", "summary": "It is the purpose of this report to assess the effects of the absence of intelligence authorization legislation subsequent to FY2005 and indicate the substantial but limited effects of the FY2010 Intelligence Authorization Act (P.L. 111-259). It is recognized that the statutory requirements have been met by the catchall provisions in appropriations acts.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20111219_R40240_9261c80745cbe19a9a70aa5420592df977ca7571.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20111219_R40240_9261c80745cbe19a9a70aa5420592df977ca7571.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Intelligence services", "name": "Intelligence services" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Legislation", "name": "Legislation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Intelligence officers", "name": "Intelligence officers" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc227638/", "id": "R40240_2011Jan20", "date": "2011-01-20", "retrieved": "2013-11-05T18:07:05", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Legislation: Status and Challenges", "summary": "This report reviews the intelligence appropriations process, describes various changes that have been proposed, and analyzes the issues associated with the proposals.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110120_R40240_15b26807ff269723b2e40d51a8b16312601f00a0.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110120_R40240_15b26807ff269723b2e40d51a8b16312601f00a0.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Appropriations", "name": "Appropriations" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Authorization", "name": "Authorization" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Budgets", "name": "Budgets" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Legislative procedure", "name": "Legislative procedure" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc505447/", "id": "R40240_2010Jan27", "date": "2010-01-27", "retrieved": "2015-05-29T05:37:21", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Legislation: Status and Challenges", "summary": "This report assesses the effects of the absence of intelligence authorization legislation since FY2005. Since FY2005, no annual intelligence authorization bill has been enacted. Although the National Security Act requires intelligence activities to be specifically authorized, this requirement has been satisfied in recent years by one-sentence catch-all provisions in defense appropriations acts authorizing intelligence activities.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100127_R40240_82e6b78c96aa607fa6a1dc09d99000479804ffa1.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100127_R40240_82e6b78c96aa607fa6a1dc09d99000479804ffa1.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "National security", "name": "National security" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Intelligence activities", "name": "Intelligence activities" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Budgets", "name": "Budgets" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Appropriations", "name": "Appropriations" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc505643/", "id": "R40240_2009Aug26", "date": "2009-08-26", "retrieved": "2015-05-29T05:37:21", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Legislation: Status and Challenges", "summary": "This report assesses the effects of the absence of intelligence authorization legislation since FY2005. Since FY2005, no annual intelligence authorization bill has been enacted. Although the National Security Act requires intelligence activities to be specifically authorized, this requirement has been satisfied in recent years by one-sentence catch-all provisions in defense appropriations acts authorizing intelligence activities.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090826_R40240_68e40e5362c436c6c740162388fcbd8af42c590d.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090826_R40240_68e40e5362c436c6c740162388fcbd8af42c590d.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "National security", "name": "National security" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Intelligence activities", "name": "Intelligence activities" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Budgets", "name": "Budgets" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Appropriations", "name": "Appropriations" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc505526/", "id": "R40240_2009Feb24", "date": "2009-02-24", "retrieved": "2015-05-29T05:37:21", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Legislation: Status and Challenges", "summary": "This report assesses the effects of the absence of intelligence authorization legislation since FY2005. Since FY2005, no annual intelligence authorization bill has been enacted. Although the National Security Act requires intelligence activities to be specifically authorized, this requirement has been satisfied in recent years by one-sentence catch-all provisions in defense appropriations acts authorizing intelligence activities.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090224_R40240_4b0a562c419fbc1844698e602c3feaa51a8724fc.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090224_R40240_4b0a562c419fbc1844698e602c3feaa51a8724fc.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "National security", "name": "National security" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Intelligence activities", "name": "Intelligence activities" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Budgets", "name": "Budgets" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Appropriations", "name": "Appropriations" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Appropriations", "Intelligence and National Security", "National Defense" ] }