{ "id": "R40213", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "R", "number": "R40213", "active": true, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R40213", "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "date": "2022-01-10", "typeId": "R", "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/2022-01-10_R40213_eccc7eb149926fa11fa5699219739ea95f37d607.pdf", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R40213/31", "sha1": "eccc7eb149926fa11fa5699219739ea95f37d607" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2022-01-10_R40213_eccc7eb149926fa11fa5699219739ea95f37d607.html" } ], "type": "CRS Report", "summary": null, "title": "Foreign Assistance: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy", "retrieved": "2022-01-24T04:03:05.382044", "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "id": "R40213_31_2022-01-10" }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 624461, "date": "2020-04-30", "retrieved": "2020-05-19T13:57:05.313513", "title": "Foreign Assistance: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy", "summary": "Foreign assistance is the largest component of the international affairs budget and is viewed by many Members of Congress as an essential instrument of U.S. foreign policy. On the basis of national security, commercial, and humanitarian rationales, U.S. assistance flows through many federal agencies and supports myriad objectives. These objectives include promoting economic growth, reducing poverty, improving governance, expanding access to health care and education, promoting stability in conflict regions, countering terrorism, promoting human rights, strengthening allies, and curbing illicit drug production and trafficking. Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, foreign aid has increasingly been associated with national security policy. At the same time, many Americans and some Members of Congress view foreign aid as an expense that the United States cannot afford given current budget deficits.\nIn FY2018, U.S. foreign assistance, defined broadly, totaled an estimated $46.89 billion, or 1% of total federal budget authority. About 43% of this assistance was for bilateral economic development programs, including political/strategic economic assistance; 35% for military aid and nonmilitary security assistance; 18% for humanitarian activities; and 4% to support the work of multilateral institutions. Assistance can take the form of cash transfers, equipment and commodities, infrastructure, education and training, or technical assistance, and, in recent decades, is provided almost exclusively on a grant rather than loan basis. Most U.S. aid is implemented by nongovernmental organizations rather than foreign governments. The United States is the largest foreign aid donor in the world, accounting for about 20% of total official development assistance from major donor governments in 2018 (the latest year for which these data are available).\nKey foreign assistance trends since 2001 include growth in development aid, particularly global health programs; increased security assistance directed toward U.S. allies in the anti-terrorism effort; and high levels of humanitarian assistance to address a range of crises. Adjusted for inflation, annual foreign assistance funding since 2001 has been its highest since the Marshall Plan in the years immediately following World War II. In FY2018, Afghanistan, Israel, Jordan, Egypt, and Iraq received the largest amounts of U.S. assistance, reflecting long-standing commitments to Israel and Egypt, the strategic significance of Afghanistan and Iraq, and the strategic and humanitarian importance of Jordan as the crisis in neighboring Syria continues. Sub-Saharan Africa received 26% of assistance allocated by country or region in FY2018, followed by the Middle East and North Africa, at 24%, and South and Central Asia, at 17%. This was a significant shift from a decade prior, when sub-Saharan Africa received 19% of aid and the Middle East and North Africa 30%, reflecting significant increases in HIV/AIDS-related and humanitarian assistance programs concentrated in Africa between FY2008 and FY2018 and the drawdown of U.S. military forces in Iraq and Afghanistan. Military assistance to Iraq began to decline starting in FY2011, but growing concern about the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has reversed this trend. \nThis report provides an overview of the U.S. foreign assistance program by answering frequently asked questions on the subject. It is intended to provide a broad view of foreign assistance over time, and will be updated periodically. For more current information on foreign aid funding levels, see CRS Report R45763, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2020 Budget and Appropriations, by Cory R. Gill, Marian L. Lawson, and Emily M. 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On the basis of national security, commercial, and humanitarian rationales, U.S. assistance flows through many federal agencies and supports myriad objectives. These include promoting economic growth, reducing poverty, improving governance, expanding access to health care and education, promoting stability in conflict regions, countering terrorism, promoting human rights, strengthening allies, and curbing illicit drug production and trafficking. Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, foreign aid has increasingly been associated with national security policy. At the same time, many Americans and some Members of Congress view foreign aid as an expense that the United States cannot afford given current budget deficits.\nIn FY2017, U.S. foreign assistance, defined broadly, totaled an estimated $49.87 billion, or 1.2% of total federal budget authority. About 44% of this assistance was for bilateral economic development programs, including political/strategic economic assistance; 35% for military aid and nonmilitary security assistance; 18% for humanitarian activities; and 4% to support the work of multilateral institutions. Assistance can take the form of cash transfers, equipment and commodities, infrastructure, or technical assistance, and, in recent decades, is provided almost exclusively on a grant rather than loan basis. Most U.S. aid is implemented by nongovernmental organizations rather than foreign governments. The United States is the largest foreign aid donor in the world, accounting for about 24% of total official development assistance from major donor governments in 2017 (the latest year for which these data are available).\nKey foreign assistance trends in the past decade include growth in development aid, particularly global health programs; increased security assistance directed toward U.S. allies in the anti-terrorism effort; and high levels of humanitarian assistance to address a range of crises. Adjusted for inflation, annual foreign assistance funding over the past decade was the highest it has been since the Marshall Plan in the years immediately following World War II. In FY2017, Afghanistan, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, and Egypt received the largest amounts of U.S. aid, reflecting long-standing aid commitments to Israel and Egypt, the strategic significance of Afghanistan and Iraq, and the strategic and humanitarian importance of Jordan as the crisis in neighboring Syria continues. The Near East region received 27% of aid allocated by country or region in FY2017, followed by Africa, at 25%, and South and Central Asia, at 15%. This was a significant shift from a decade prior, when Africa received 19% of aid and the Near East 34%, reflecting significant increases in HIV/AIDS-related programs concentrated in Africa between FY2007 and FY2017 and the drawdown of U.S. military forces in Iraq and Afghanistan. Military assistance to Iraq began to decline starting in FY2011, but growing concern about the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has reversed this trend. \nThis report provides an overview of the U.S. foreign assistance program by answering frequently asked questions on the subject. It is intended to provide a broad view of foreign assistance over time, and will be updated periodically. For more current information on foreign aid funding levels, see CRS Report R45168, Department of State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs: FY2019 Budget and Appropriations, by Susan B. Epstein, Marian L. Lawson, and Cory R. Gill.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/R40213", "sha1": "ab215c466e78fd99f264f76b85d6b3501228394c", "filename": "files/20190416_R40213_ab215c466e78fd99f264f76b85d6b3501228394c.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/7.png": "files/20190416_R40213_images_06d16a5758c8d4c2d69b9414b47bce812d2e8b2c.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/1.png": "files/20190416_R40213_images_77a8f06380a4d77edfac6a2c40960629efc8606f.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/3.png": "files/20190416_R40213_images_443128f495794afa7c6f01fef81641d1b4512648.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/4.png": "files/20190416_R40213_images_3ac052b7a4dc154a085fcddf9e6df08bd1d18bbf.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190416_R40213_images_3d30c70c8dfe8b2d8bf5a346a9406e8810a2f24d.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/6.png": "files/20190416_R40213_images_48982c7972d98cf5ee2c368ae87ec6ecd2f12c7d.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/5.png": "files/20190416_R40213_images_8d63b4bf80d59313afdde1998bc38e5a0b6e0547.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/2.png": "files/20190416_R40213_images_8e6685e405c06330802c9846568631f19ceec5b8.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R40213", "sha1": "e1b7c668965b89cbe29ef287c0572fe640992afc", "filename": "files/20190416_R40213_e1b7c668965b89cbe29ef287c0572fe640992afc.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4757, "name": "Foreign Assistance" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4896, "name": "State & Foreign Operations Appropriations" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 584146, "date": "2018-04-25", "retrieved": "2018-10-06T00:04:14.964517", "title": "Foreign Aid: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy", "summary": "Foreign assistance is the largest component of the international affairs budget and is viewed by many as an essential instrument of U.S. foreign policy. On the basis of national security, commercial, and humanitarian rationales, U.S. assistance flows through many federal agencies and supports myriad objectives, including promoting economic growth, reducing poverty, improving governance, expanding access to health care and education, promoting stability in conflictive regions, countering terrorism, promoting human rights, strengthening allies, and curbing illicit drug production and trafficking. Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, foreign aid has increasingly been associated with national security policy. At the same time, foreign aid is seen by many Americans, and Members of Congress, as an expense that the United States cannot afford given current budget deficits.\nIn FY2016, U.S. foreign assistance, defined broadly, was estimated at $49.47 billion, or 1.2% of total federal budget authority. About 48% of this assistance was for bilateral economic development programs, including political/strategic economic assistance; 33% for military aid and nonmilitary security assistance; 14% for humanitarian activities; and 5% to support the work of multilateral institutions. Assistance can take the form of cash transfers, equipment and commodities, infrastructure, or technical assistance, and, in recent decades, is provided almost exclusively on a grant rather than loan basis. The United States is the largest foreign aid donor in the world, accounting for about 24% of total official development assistance from major donor governments in 2017 (the latest year for which these data are available).\nKey foreign assistance trends in the past decade include growth in development aid, particularly global health programs; increased security assistance directed toward U.S. allies in the anti-terrorism effort; and high levels of humanitarian assistance to address a range of crises, from the earthquake in Haiti to the violence in Syria. Adjusted for inflation, annual foreign assistance funding over the past decade was the highest it has been since the Marshall Plan in the years immediately following World War II. In FY2016, Iraq, Afghanistan, Israel, Egypt, and Jordan were the top recipients of U.S. aid, reflecting long-standing aid commitments to Israel and Egypt, the strategic significance of Afghanistan and Iraq, and the strategic and humanitarian importance of Jordan as the crisis in neighboring Syria continues to unfold. The Near East was the top aid recipient region in FY2016, at 27%, followed by Africa, at 25%, and South and Central Asia, at 14%. This was a significant shift from a decade prior, when Africa received only 13% of aid and the Near East 40%, reflecting significant increases in HIV/AIDS-related programs concentrated in Africa between FY2005 and FY2016 and the drawdown of U.S. military forces in Iraq and Afghanistan. Military assistance to Iraq began to decline starting in FY2011, but growing concern about the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has reversed this trend. \nThis report provides an overview of the U.S. foreign assistance program by answering frequently asked questions on the subject. It is intended to provide a broad view of foreign assistance over time, and will be updated periodically. For more current information on foreign aid funding levels, see CRS appropriations reports, particularly those on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs appropriations.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R40213", "sha1": "751c8e52cb95a7ab524b4354e92955734758fd16", "filename": "files/20180425_R40213_751c8e52cb95a7ab524b4354e92955734758fd16.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/7.png": "files/20180425_R40213_images_ad90f8c545a94ef2f21dc0a579e1422bdf3cdacc.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/1.png": "files/20180425_R40213_images_c5c8fbbe967d937b3b87a1e7a81877e4b956cd45.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/8.png": "files/20180425_R40213_images_dd89313ddbc58246ce6358efcc0900b309dad4f9.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/13.png": "files/20180425_R40213_images_7c65c67bb9eea34daced4bea599e1d2fb725aafc.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/5.png": "files/20180425_R40213_images_31ed25fbbbe23f28b6b92b38150e45c999c91dae.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/12.png": "files/20180425_R40213_images_2aaa1d7365d983472f15a7cbb37db07a937685dc.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/10.png": "files/20180425_R40213_images_e1682066abc0135d3d806742eaa6c221eccf0e24.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/3.png": "files/20180425_R40213_images_294e46af08556ee97e952f70e4fda84a8c64adc9.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/4.png": "files/20180425_R40213_images_4e91ed5e9dab5305e0a9ae458bda58e0997eba64.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180425_R40213_images_0ae2df2ffee56bf72443e42f47596c0aa434e344.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/6.png": "files/20180425_R40213_images_679ac3e5c46d19e705735598287d3d4623455b3b.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/9.png": "files/20180425_R40213_images_f430be78d7fd88ef4be334a9eb8adefc81255560.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/11.png": "files/20180425_R40213_images_1a0a224e0e7a8da1e01c5e69000693bd67cdd777.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R40213_files&id=/2.png": "files/20180425_R40213_images_a42e96d1370892b68be7469c479c354cde01db32.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R40213", "sha1": "ce0e130cd0e7419a8b82b33c3565e84e92699727", "filename": "files/20180425_R40213_ce0e130cd0e7419a8b82b33c3565e84e92699727.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4757, "name": "Foreign Assistance" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4896, "name": "State & Foreign Operations Appropriations" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 453673, "date": "2016-06-17", "retrieved": "2016-09-09T19:22:02.409603", "title": "Foreign Aid: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy", "summary": "Foreign assistance is a fundamental component of the international affairs budget and is viewed by many as an essential instrument of U.S. foreign policy. On the basis of national security, commercial, and humanitarian rationales, U.S. assistance flows through many federal agencies and supports myriad objectives, including promoting economic growth, reducing poverty, improving governance, expanding access to health care and education, promoting stability in conflictive regions, countering terrorism, promoting human rights, strengthening allies, and curbing illicit drug production and trafficking. Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, foreign aid has increasingly been associated with national security policy. At the same time, foreign aid is seen by many Americans, and Members of Congress, as an expense that the United States cannot afford given current budget deficits.\nIn FY2015, U.S. foreign assistance, defined broadly, was estimated at $48.57 billion, or 1.3% of total federal budget authority. About 43% of this assistance was for bilateral economic development programs, including political/strategic economic assistance; 35% for military aid and non-military security assistance; 16% for humanitarian activities; and 6% to support the work of multilateral institutions. Assistance can take the form of cash transfers, equipment and commodities, infrastructure, or technical assistance, and, in recent decades, is provided almost exclusively on a grant rather than loan basis. The United States is the largest foreign aid donor in the world, accounting for about 24% of total official development assistance from major donor governments in 2014 (latest year for which these data are available).\nKey foreign assistance trends in the past decade include growth in development aid, particularly global health programs; increased security assistance directed toward U.S. allies in the anti-terrorism effort; and high levels of humanitarian assistance to address a range of crises, from the earthquake in Haiti to the violence in Syria. Adjusted for inflation, annual foreign assistance funding over the past decade was the highest it has been since the Marshall Plan in the years immediately following World War II. In FY2015, Afghanistan, Israel, Iraq, Egypt, and Jordan were the top recipients of U.S. aid, reflecting long-standing aid commitments to Israel and Egypt, the strategic significance of Afghanistan and Iraq, and the strategic and humanitarian importance of Jordan as the crisis in neighboring Syria continues to unfold. Africa was the top aid recipient region in FY2015, at 32%, followed by the Near East, at 31%, and South and Central Asia, at 25%. This was a significant shift from a decade prior, when Africa received only 17% of aid and South Central Asia 12%, reflecting significant increases in HIV/AIDS-related programs concentrated in Africa and large increases in aid to Afghanistan and Pakistan between FY2005 and FY2015. The drawdown of U.S. military forces in Iraq and Afghanistan led to reduced military assistance starting in FY2011, but growing concern about the Islamic State in Iraq and elsewhere may stall or reverse this trend. \nThis report provides an overview of the U.S. foreign assistance program by answering frequently asked questions on the subject. It is intended to provide a broad view of foreign assistance over time, and will be updated periodically. For more current information on foreign aid funding levels, see CRS appropriations reports, particularly those on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs appropriations.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R40213", "sha1": "7be203699730cb4b9124d702e8b249cc4ac35eaa", "filename": "files/20160617_R40213_7be203699730cb4b9124d702e8b249cc4ac35eaa.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R40213", "sha1": "3983ad29c3f18481368aab3d04ea21d5f3b2edf1", "filename": "files/20160617_R40213_3983ad29c3f18481368aab3d04ea21d5f3b2edf1.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 2344, "name": "State Department and Foreign Operations Appropriations" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 3467, "name": "Foreign Aid" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 449364, "date": "2016-01-29", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T17:21:38.954744", "title": "Foreign Aid: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy", "summary": "Foreign assistance is a fundamental component of the international affairs budget and is viewed by many as an essential instrument of U.S. foreign policy. On the basis of national security, commercial, and humanitarian rationales, U.S. assistance flows through many federal agencies and supports myriad objectives, including promoting economic growth, reducing poverty, improving governance, expanding access to health care and education, promoting stability in conflictive regions, countering terrorism, promoting human rights, strengthening allies, and curbing illicit drug production and trafficking. Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, foreign aid has increasingly been associated with national security policy. At the same time, foreign aid is seen by many Americans, and Members of Congress, as an expense that the United States cannot afford given current budget deficits.\nIn FY2015, U.S. foreign assistance, defined broadly, was estimated at $48.57 billion, or 1.3% of total federal budget authority. About 43% of this assistance was for bilateral economic development programs, including political/strategic economic assistance; 35% for military aid and non-military security assistance; 16% for humanitarian activities; and 6% to support the work of multilateral institutions. Assistance can take the form of cash transfers, equipment and commodities, infrastructure, or technical assistance, and, in recent decades, is provided almost exclusively on a grant rather than loan basis. The United States is the largest foreign aid donor in the world, accounting for about 24% of total official development assistance from major donor governments in 2014 (latest year for which this data is available).\nKey foreign assistance trends in the past decade include growth in development aid, particularly global health programs; increased security assistance directed toward U.S. allies in the anti-terrorism effort; and high levels of humanitarian assistance to address a range of crises, from the earthquake in Haiti to the violence in Syria. Adjusted for inflation, annual foreign assistance funding over the past decade was the highest it has been since the Marshall Plan in the years immediately following World War II. In FY2015, Afghanistan, Israel, Iraq, Egypt, and Jordan were the top recipients of U.S. aid, reflecting long-standing aid commitments to Israel and Egypt, the strategic significance of Afghanistan and Iraq, and the strategic and humanitarian importance of Jordan as the crisis in neighboring Syria continues to unfold. Africa was the top aid recipient region in FY2015, at 32%, followed by the Near East, at 31%, and South and Central Asia, at 25%. This was a significant shift from a decade prior, when Africa received only 17% of aid and South Central Asia 12%, reflecting significant increases in HIV/AIDS-related programs concentrated in Africa and large increases in aid to Afghanistan and Pakistan between FY2005 and FY2015. The drawdown of U.S. military forces in Iraq and Afghanistan led to reduced military assistance starting in FY2011, but growing concern about the Islamic State in Iraq and elsewhere may stall or reverse this trend. \nThis report provides an overview of the U.S. foreign assistance program by answering frequently asked questions on the subject. It is intended to provide a broad view of foreign assistance over time, and will be updated periodically. For more current information on foreign aid funding levels, see CRS appropriations reports, particularly those on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs appropriations.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R40213", "sha1": "1f28ef17168682fc8c4804ebb789f1c0c8e8e70e", "filename": "files/20160129_R40213_1f28ef17168682fc8c4804ebb789f1c0c8e8e70e.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R40213", "sha1": "30d09e3d598a4e1fcb024442de423ce4022b2d8e", "filename": "files/20160129_R40213_30d09e3d598a4e1fcb024442de423ce4022b2d8e.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 2344, "name": "State Department and Foreign Operations Appropriations" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 3467, "name": "Foreign Aid" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103053/", "id": "R40213_2011Feb10", "date": "2011-02-10", "retrieved": "2012-09-19T20:16:14", "title": "Foreign Aid: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy", "summary": "This report provides an overview of the U.S. foreign assistance program by answering frequently asked questions on the subject. It is intended to provide a broad view of foreign assistance over time.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110210_R40213_270577bfb8efb9044920eae5ec56d650fce6ca54.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110210_R40213_270577bfb8efb9044920eae5ec56d650fce6ca54.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Budgets", "name": "Budgets" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc816066/", "id": "R40213_2009Apr09", "date": "2009-04-09", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Foreign Aid: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090409_R40213_e8f95fb6c362619448b513b98985c9ddedb1df67.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090409_R40213_e8f95fb6c362619448b513b98985c9ddedb1df67.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc463165/", "id": "R40213_2009Feb10", "date": "2009-02-10", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Foreign Aid: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy", "summary": "This report addresses a number of the more frequently asked queries regarding the U.S. foreign aid program, its objectives, costs, organization, the role of Congress, and how it compares to those of other aid donors. In particular, the discussion attempts not only to present a current snapshot of American foreign assistance, but also to illustrate the extent to which this instrument of U.S. foreign policy has changed from past practices, especially since the end of the Cold War and the launching of the war on terror.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090210_R40213_a9fd03854ab0db769229eedc875767452a8a943d.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090210_R40213_a9fd03854ab0db769229eedc875767452a8a943d.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Budgets", "name": "Budgets" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance", "name": "American economic assistance" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Foreign Affairs", "Intelligence and National Security", "National Defense" ] }