{
  "id": "IN11389",
  "type": "CRS Insight",
  "typeId": "INSIGHTS",
  "number": "IN11389",
  "active": true,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 624836,
      "date": "2020-05-13",
      "retrieved": "2020-05-19T13:38:54.513806",
      "title": "CDBG-DR Funding and Oversight: Puerto Rico",
      "summary": "In March 2020, the Department of Housing and Urban Development\u2019s (HUD\u2019s) Office of the Inspector General (OIG) released a report of findings from its audit of the Puerto Rico Department of Housing\u2019s (PRDOH; also known as Departamento de la Vivienda, or Vivienda) capacity to administer funds under the Community Development Block Grant program for disaster recovery (CDBG-DR). The audit assessed (1) PRDOH\u2019s compliance with HUD regulations and requirements in administering CDBG-DR funds, and (2) the existence of financial and procurement policies and procedures consistent with federal requirements. The findings in the report are broadly consistent with other reviews of CDBG-DR administration and oversight, such as by the Government Accountability Office.\nThis Insight provides a brief overview of CDBG-DR, outlines key findings and recommendations from the OIG report, discusses past Government Accountability Office (GAO) analysis of CDBG-DR, and considers relevant policy options for Congress.\nBackground on CDBG-DR\nCDBG-DR pertains to supplemental appropriations for disaster recovery through the CDBG program administered by HUD. Conventional CDBG funds can be used for disaster recovery purposes. However, CDBG-DR appropriations were developed to provide significant additional funding to communities for long-term disaster recovery needs unmet by other federal sources, such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Small Business Administration (SBA). CDBG-DR appropriations are broadly governed by the CDBG program\u2019s statutory authority and program administration. However, they differ in allocation, design, and implementation based on the statutory direction provided in the supplemental appropriations act. They can also differ according to the types of disaster events, their severity, the characteristics of the areas affected, and the unmet needs as determined by HUD.\nOIG Report: Key Findings and Recommendations\nFollowing Hurricanes Irma and Maria, Congress passed three supplemental appropriations acts that included a total of $35.4 billion in CDBG-DR assistance (P.L. 115-56, P.L. 115-123, and P.L. 116-20). From these appropriations, Puerto Rico\u2019s allocation was $20.2 billion. As of March 1, 2020, Puerto Rico has expended approximately $20.6 million in CDBG-DR funds. At the end of 2019, Puerto Rico\u2019s CDBG-DR allocation of approximately $8.3 billion for disaster mitigation activities (CDBG-MIT) was subject to a publicized delay pending risk assessment activities. Prior to the release of funds and publication of rules by HUD in January 2020, HUD officials pointed to concerns about financial irregularities, corruption, and capacity in Puerto Rico. However, some members of Congress questioned HUD\u2019s ability to process allocations and publish rules in a timely manner.\nOverall, the OIG report made several recommendations regarding PRDOH\u2019s administration of CDBG-DR funds during the audit period of August 2014 through August 2019, including:\nimproving its financial controls;\nimproving its processes for the prevention of duplication of benefits;\nimproving its procurement controls; and\ncontinuing to increase staffing levels.\nSpecifically, the OIG report recommends that PRDOH:\n\u201cdevelop adequate procedures outlining steps for tracking monthly grant expenditures and reprogramming funds and program income and develop and implement a financial management system for its 2008 CDBG-DR grant\u201d;\n\u201creview and update its policies and procedures to prevent duplication of benefits\u201d; \n\u201creview and update its procurement policies and procedures\u201d; and \n\u201ccontinue to fill its [job] vacancies.\u201d\nAdditionally, the OIG recommends that PRDOH be required to submit documentation of compliance with procurement requirements pertaining to a non-statistical sample of the $416,511 in expended program funds. In light of its findings, the OIG recommends that PRDOH return $55,010 and cancel existing obligations on $361,501 of CDBG-DR funds.\nGAO Report: CDBG-DR Administration and Oversight\nIn March 2019, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) published a report detailing its evaluation of the federal government\u2019s administration of CDBG-DR in response to Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria in 2017. The report found inadequacies in HUD\u2019s internal guidance for the review of grantee financial processes, capacity, and unmet needs assessments. The report also found that HUD lacks sufficient monitoring protocols to assess risk and pointed to challenges with inconsistencies in CDBG-DR rulemaking across allocations. GAO included a series of recommendations focused on enhancing HUD\u2019s processes and supporting grantee capacity. Additionally, GAO recommended that Congress consider a permanent authorization for HUD disaster assistance to ensure timely facilitation of funds to address unmet needs.\nConsiderations for Congress\nThe findings in the HUD OIG report are generally consistent with other reports, such as those from GAO, on CDBG-DR grantee capacity and compliance, suggesting broader issues with program design and application. Although the OIG report indicates challenges with Puerto Rico\u2019s capacity and compliance, these issues are common among grantees of varying sizes and experience levels. Challenges in administering CDBG-DR allocations are not restricted to Puerto Rico\u2014approximately 60% of all CDBG-DR grantees are designated \u201cslow spenders\u201d\u2014yet few other grantees have faced the extent and succession of disaster damage as Puerto Rico, which had already been in a position of extended fiscal, economic, and political upheaval. In addition, each CDBG-DR supplemental appropriation bill may vary in terms of statutory direction for HUD\u2019s rulemaking, allocation, and overall administration of the funds. Even within the same appropriation or allocation, differing rules and requirement may contribute to an administrative burden and potential confusion among grantees. \nCongress might consider options to address the concerns raised by the HUD OIG and GAO related to the administration and oversight of CDBG-DR funding and expenditures. Several recently introduced bills have sought to address these concerns. One such bill, the Reforming Disaster Recovery Act of 2019, H.R. 3702, would codify the process for supplemental appropriations under CDBG-DR. Another bill, the Ensuring Disaster Recovery for Local Community Act of 2019, S. 2796, would expedite the process by which CDBG-DR funds are obligated to grantees. Separate from legislative options, Congress may consider using its oversight authority to address concerns with grantee capacity for compliance with, and timely expenditure of, CDBG-DR.",
      "type": "CRS Insight",
      "typeId": "INSIGHTS",
      "active": true,
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          "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/IN11389",
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  "topics": [
    "Appropriations",
    "CRS Insights"
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}