{ "id": "97-1011", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "RS", "number": "97-1011", "active": true, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "summary": null, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=97-1011", "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "type": "CRS Report", "formats": [ { "sha1": "83ab5762abd2b9aae9888f0d55e3c8d8810ea6fb", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RS/97-1011/91", "filename": "files/2023-12-14_97-1011_83ab5762abd2b9aae9888f0d55e3c8d8810ea6fb.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2023-12-14_97-1011_83ab5762abd2b9aae9888f0d55e3c8d8810ea6fb.html" } ], "title": "Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables", "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "retrieved": "2024-01-12T04:03:48.319648", "date": "2023-12-14", "typeId": "RS", "id": "97-1011_91_2023-12-14", "active": true }, { 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"files/2020-08-18_97-1011_fa6fb23f96f933106943f1877837b4e0717481d6.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2020-08-18_97-1011_fa6fb23f96f933106943f1877837b4e0717481d6.html" } ], "title": "Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables", "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "retrieved": "2024-01-12T04:03:48.312152", "date": "2020-08-18", "typeId": "RS", "id": "97-1011_80_2020-08-18", "active": true }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 613336, "date": "2020-01-13", "retrieved": "2020-01-14T23:14:45.147707", "title": "Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables", "summary": "Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. In the past, Congress periodically enacted specific legislation to alter its pay; the last time this occurred affected pay in 1991. More recently, pay has been determined pursuant to laws establishing formulas for automatic adjustments.\nThe Ethics Reform Act of 1989 established the current automatic annual adjustment formula, which is based on changes in private sector wages as measured by the Employment Cost Index (ECI). The adjustment is automatic unless denied statutorily, although the percentage may not exceed the percentage base pay increase for General Schedule (GS) employees. Member pay has since been frozen in two ways: (1) directly, through legislation that freezes salaries for Members but not for other federal employees, and (2) indirectly, through broader pay freeze legislation that covers Members and other specified categories of federal employees. \nMembers of Congress last received a pay adjustment in January 2009. At that time, their salary was increased 2.8%, to $174,000. A provision in P.L. 111-8 prohibited any pay adjustment for 2010. Under the pay adjustment formula, Members were originally scheduled to receive an adjustment in January 2010 of 2.1%, although this would have been revised downward automatically to 1.5% to match the GS base pay adjustment. Members next were scheduled to receive a 0.9% pay adjustment in 2011. The pay adjustment was prohibited by P.L. 111-165. Additionally, P.L. 111-322 prevented any adjustment in GS base pay before December 31, 2012. Since the percentage adjustment in Member pay may not exceed the percentage adjustment in the base pay of GS employees, Member pay was also frozen during this period. If not limited by GS pay, Member pay could have been adjusted by 1.3% in 2012. The ECI formula established a maximum potential pay adjustment in January 2013 of 1.1%. P.L. 112-175 extended the freeze on GS pay rates for the duration of this continuing resolution, which also extended the Member freeze since the percentage adjustment in Member pay may not exceed the percentage adjustment in GS base pay. Subsequently, Member pay for 2013 was further frozen in P.L. 112-240. The maximum potential 2014 pay adjustment of 1.2%, or $2,100, was denied by P.L. 113-46. The maximum potential January 2015 Member pay adjustment was 1.6%, or $2,800. President Obama proposed a 1.0% increase in the base pay of GS employees, which would automatically have limited any Member pay adjustment to 1.0%. P.L. 113-235 contained a provision prohibiting any Member pay adjustment. The maximum potential January 2016 pay adjustment of 1.7%, or $3,000, would have been limited to 1.0%, or $1,700, due to the GS base pay increase. Member pay for 2016 was frozen by P.L. 114-113. The maximum potential January 2017 pay adjustment of 1.6%, or $2,800, would have been limited to 1.0%, or $1,700, due to the GS base pay increase. Member pay for 2017 was frozen by P.L. 114-254. The maximum potential January 2018 pay adjustment of 1.8%, or $3,100, was automatically limited to 1.4%, or $2,400, before being frozen by P.L. 115-141. The maximum potential January 2019 pay adjustment of 2.3%, or $4,000, was automatically limited to 1.4%, or $2,400, before being frozen at the 2009 level by P.L. 115-244. The maximum potential January 2020 pay adjustment of 2.6%, or $4,500, was prohibited by P.L. 116-94.\nIf Members of Congress had received every adjustment prescribed by the ECI formula since 1992, and the 2 U.S.C. \u00a74501 limitation regarding the percentage base pay increase for GS employees remained unchanged, the 2020 salary would be $216,400. When adjusted for inflation, Member salaries have decreased 16% since the last pay adjustment in 2009.\nBoth the automatic annual adjustments and funding for Members\u2019 salaries are provided pursuant to other laws (2 U.S.C. \u00a74501)\u2014not the annual appropriations bills\u2014and a provision prohibiting a scheduled adjustment could be included in any bill, or introduced as a separate bill.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/97-1011", "sha1": "ba30fb5987e7dcb8554eb524a9054387644d0e22", "filename": "files/20200113_97-1011_ba30fb5987e7dcb8554eb524a9054387644d0e22.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/97-1011_files&id=/0.png": "files/20200113_97-1011_images_bb9ddc26fb03ae63a62ca649f6043f54beecdd1c.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/97-1011", "sha1": "79cf79cc5682c398ba75b3a9915606254b7cb215", "filename": "files/20200113_97-1011_79cf79cc5682c398ba75b3a9915606254b7cb215.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4751, "name": "Federal Workforce" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4777, "name": "Congressional Operations, Leadership, & Funding" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 598340, "date": "2019-05-17", "retrieved": "2019-12-20T19:08:54.604054", "title": "Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables", "summary": "Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. In the past, Congress periodically enacted specific legislation to alter its pay; the last time this occurred affected pay in 1991. More recently, pay has been determined pursuant to laws establishing formulas for automatic adjustments.\nThe Ethics Reform Act of 1989 established the current automatic annual adjustment formula, which is based on changes in private sector wages as measured by the Employment Cost Index (ECI). The adjustment is automatic unless denied statutorily, although the percentage may not exceed the percentage base pay increase for General Schedule (GS) employees. Member pay has since been frozen in two ways: (1) directly, through legislation that freezes salaries for Members but not for other federal employees, and (2) indirectly, through broader pay freeze legislation that covers Members and other specified categories of federal employees. \nMembers of Congress last received a pay adjustment in January 2009. At that time, their salary was increased 2.8%, to $174,000. A provision in P.L. 111-8 prohibited any pay adjustment for 2010. Under the pay adjustment formula, Members were originally scheduled to receive an adjustment in January 2010 of 2.1%, although this would have been revised downward automatically to 1.5% to match the GS base pay adjustment. Members next were scheduled to receive a 0.9% pay adjustment in 2011. The pay adjustment was prohibited by P.L. 111-165. Additionally, P.L. 111-322 prevented any adjustment in GS base pay before December 31, 2012. Since the percentage adjustment in Member pay may not exceed the percentage adjustment in the base pay of GS employees, Member pay was also frozen during this period. If not limited by GS pay, Member pay could have been adjusted by 1.3% in 2012. The ECI formula established a maximum potential pay adjustment in January 2013 of 1.1%. P.L. 112-175 extended the freeze on GS pay rates for the duration of this continuing resolution, which also extended the Member freeze since the percentage adjustment in Member pay may not exceed the percentage adjustment in GS base pay. Subsequently, Member pay for 2013 was further frozen in P.L. 112-240. The maximum potential 2014 pay adjustment of 1.2%, or $2,100, was denied by P.L. 113-46. The maximum potential January 2015 Member pay adjustment was 1.6%, or $2,800. President Obama proposed a 1.0% increase in the base pay of GS employees, which would automatically have limited any Member pay adjustment to 1.0%. P.L. 113-235 contained a provision prohibiting any Member pay adjustment. The maximum potential January 2016 pay adjustment of 1.7%, or $3,000, would have been limited to 1.0%, or $1,700, due to the GS base pay increase. Member pay for 2016 was frozen by P.L. 114-113. The maximum potential January 2017 pay adjustment of 1.6%, or $2,800, would have been limited to 1.0%, or $1,700, due to the GS base pay increase. Member pay for 2017 was frozen by P.L. 114-254. The maximum potential January 2018 pay adjustment of 1.8%, or $3,100, was automatically limited to 1.4%, or $2,400, before being frozen by P.L. 115-141. The maximum potential January 2019 pay adjustment of 2.3%, or $4,000, was automatically limited to 1.4%, or $2,400, before being frozen at the 2009 level by P.L. 115-244. The maximum potential January 2020 pay adjustment is 2.6%, or $4,500.\nIf Members of Congress had received every adjustment prescribed by the ECI formula since 1992, and the 2 U.S.C. \u00a74501 limitation regarding the percentage base pay increase for GS employees remained unchanged, the 2019 salary would be $210,900. When adjusted for inflation, Member salaries have decreased 15% since the last pay adjustment in 2009.\nBoth the automatic annual adjustments and funding for Members\u2019 salaries are provided pursuant to other laws (2 U.S.C. \u00a74501)\u2014not the annual appropriations bills\u2014and a provision prohibiting a scheduled adjustment could be included in any bill, or introduced as a separate bill.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/97-1011", "sha1": "b67ef818f1e411b91ac6edf7dbbd1de4277334a8", "filename": "files/20190517_97-1011_b67ef818f1e411b91ac6edf7dbbd1de4277334a8.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/97-1011_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190517_97-1011_images_fe342dfbb360ea0f207eddc60a60133bf94caffa.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/97-1011", "sha1": "32b0040a61c54f99b3d617fc12d58d962e31104a", "filename": "files/20190517_97-1011_32b0040a61c54f99b3d617fc12d58d962e31104a.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4751, "name": "Federal Workforce" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4777, "name": "Congressional Operations, Leadership, & Funding" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 588007, "date": "2018-11-26", "retrieved": "2019-04-18T13:22:26.203583", "title": "Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables", "summary": "Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. In the past, Congress periodically enacted specific legislation to alter its pay; the last time this occurred affected pay in 1991. More recently, pay has been determined pursuant to laws establishing formulas for automatic adjustments.\nThe Ethics Reform Act of 1989 established the current automatic annual adjustment formula, which is based on changes in private sector wages as measured by the Employment Cost Index (ECI). The adjustment is automatic unless denied statutorily, although the percentage may not exceed the percentage base pay increase for General Schedule (GS) employees. Member pay has since been frozen in two ways: (1) directly, through legislation that freezes salaries for Members but not for other federal employees, and (2) indirectly, through broader pay freeze legislation that covers Members and other specified categories of federal employees. \nMembers of Congress last received a pay adjustment in January 2009. At that time, their salary was increased 2.8%, to $174,000. A provision in P.L. 111-8 prohibited any pay adjustment for 2010. Under the pay adjustment formula, Members were originally scheduled to receive an adjustment in January 2010 of 2.1%, although this would have been revised downward automatically to 1.5% to match the GS base pay adjustment. Members next were scheduled to receive a 0.9% pay adjustment in 2011. The pay adjustment was prohibited by P.L. 111-165. Additionally, P.L. 111-322 prevented any adjustment in GS base pay before December 31, 2012. Since the percentage adjustment in Member pay may not exceed the percentage adjustment in the base pay of GS employees, Member pay was also frozen during this period. If not limited by GS pay, Member pay could have been adjusted by 1.3% in 2012. The ECI formula established a maximum potential pay adjustment in January 2013 of 1.1%. P.L. 112-175 extended the freeze on GS pay rates for the duration of this continuing resolution, which also extended the Member freeze since the percentage adjustment in Member pay may not exceed the percentage adjustment in GS base pay. Subsequently, Member pay for 2013 was further frozen in P.L. 112-240. The maximum potential 2014 pay adjustment of 1.2%, or $2,100, was denied by P.L. 113-46. The maximum potential January 2015 Member pay adjustment was 1.6%, or $2,800. President Obama proposed a 1.0% increase in the base pay of GS employees, which would automatically have limited any Member pay adjustment to 1.0%. P.L. 113-235 contained a provision prohibiting any Member pay adjustment. The maximum potential January 2016 pay adjustment of 1.7%, or $3,000, would have been limited to 1.0%, or $1,700, due to the GS base pay increase. Member pay for 2016 was frozen by P.L. 114-113. The maximum potential January 2017 pay adjustment of 1.6%, or $2,800, would have been limited to 1.0%, or $1,700, due to the GS base pay increase. Member pay for 2017 was frozen by P.L. 114-254. The maximum potential January 2018 pay adjustment of 1.8%, or $3,100, was automatically limited to 1.4%, or $2,400, before being frozen at the 2009 level by P.L. 115-141. \nThe maximum potential January 2019 member pay adjustment was 2.3%, or $4,000. P.L. 115-244, enacted September 21, 2018, froze member salaries for FY2019.\nIf Members of Congress had received every adjustment prescribed by the ECI formula since 1992, and the 2 U.S.C. \u00a74501 limitation regarding the percentage base pay increase for GS employees remained unchanged, the 2018 salary would be $208,000.\nBoth the automatic annual adjustments and funding for Members\u2019 salaries are provided pursuant to other laws (2 U.S.C. \u00a74501)\u2014not the annual appropriations bills\u2014and a provision prohibiting a scheduled adjustment could be included in any bill, or introduced as a separate bill.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/97-1011", "sha1": "34d531b4ebd1411410a48a36894b50604f96e58c", "filename": "files/20181126_97-1011_34d531b4ebd1411410a48a36894b50604f96e58c.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/97-1011_files&id=/0.png": "files/20181126_97-1011_images_5da85f7338043e2663980fc755e638fc9453e74e.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/97-1011", "sha1": "fe1356a75fb83532b22c1b6675545dcb33d25c5b", "filename": "files/20181126_97-1011_fe1356a75fb83532b22c1b6675545dcb33d25c5b.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4751, "name": "Federal Workforce" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4777, "name": "Congressional Operations, Leadership, & Funding" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 584757, "date": "2018-04-11", "retrieved": "2018-10-06T00:15:50.319098", "title": "Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables", "summary": "Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. In the past, Congress periodically enacted specific legislation to alter its pay; the last time this occurred affected pay in 1991. More recently, pay has been determined pursuant to laws establishing formulas for automatic adjustments.\nThe Ethics Reform Act of 1989 established the current automatic annual adjustment formula, which is based on changes in private sector wages as measured by the Employment Cost Index (ECI). The adjustment is automatic unless denied statutorily, although the percentage may not exceed the percentage base pay increase for General Schedule (GS) employees. Member pay has since been frozen in two ways: (1) directly, through legislation that freezes salaries for Members but not for other federal employees, and (2) indirectly, through broader pay freeze legislation that covers Members and other specified categories of federal employees. \nMembers of Congress last received a pay adjustment in January 2009. At that time, their salary was increased 2.8%, to $174,000. A provision in P.L. 111-8 prohibited any pay adjustment for 2010. Under the pay adjustment formula, Members were originally scheduled to receive an adjustment in January 2010 of 2.1%, although this would have been revised downward automatically to 1.5% to match the GS base pay adjustment. Members next were scheduled to receive a 0.9% pay adjustment in 2011. The pay adjustment was prohibited by P.L. 111-165. Additionally, P.L. 111-322 prevented any adjustment in GS base pay before December 31, 2012. Since the percentage adjustment in Member pay may not exceed the percentage adjustment in the base pay of GS employees, Member pay was also frozen during this period. If not limited by GS pay, Member pay could have been adjusted by 1.3% in 2012. The ECI formula established a maximum potential pay adjustment in January 2013 of 1.1%. P.L. 112-175 extended the freeze on GS pay rates for the duration of this continuing resolution, which also extended the Member freeze since the percentage adjustment in Member pay may not exceed the percentage adjustment in GS base pay. Subsequently, Member pay for 2013 was further frozen in P.L. 112-240. The maximum potential 2014 pay adjustment of 1.2%, or $2,100, was denied by P.L. 113-46. The maximum potential January 2015 Member pay adjustment under the ECI formula was 1.6%, or $2,800. The President proposed a 1.0% increase in the base pay of GS employees, which would automatically have limited any Member pay adjustment to 1.0%. P.L. 113-235 contained a provision prohibiting any Member pay adjustment. The maximum potential January 2016 pay adjustment of 1.7%, or $3,000, under the ECI formula would have been limited to 1.0%, or $1,700, due to the GS base pay increase. Member pay for 2016 was frozen by P.L. 114-113. The maximum potential January 2017 pay adjustment of 1.6%, or $2,800, under the ECI formula would have been limited to 1.0%, or $1,700, due to the GS base pay increase. Member pay for 2017 was frozen by P.L. 114-254. \nThe maximum potential January 2018 pay adjustment of 1.8%, or $3,100, was automatically limited to 1.4%, or $2,400. The FY2018 continuing appropriations resolutions continued the existing pay freeze for the duration of each resolution, and the FY2018 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 115-141) continued the freeze for the remainder of the year. \nIf Members of Congress had received every adjustment prescribed by the ECI formula since 1992, and the 2 U.S.C. \u00a74501 limitation regarding the percentage base pay increase for GS employees remained unchanged, the 2018 salary would be $208,000.\nBoth the automatic annual adjustments and funding for Members\u2019 salaries are provided pursuant to other laws (2 U.S.C. \u00a74501)\u2014not the annual appropriations bills\u2014and a provision prohibiting a scheduled adjustment could be included in any bill, or introduced as a separate bill.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/97-1011", "sha1": "35a00f58f06aa8f456eb596fb02915ae8051fd2d", "filename": "files/20180411_97-1011_35a00f58f06aa8f456eb596fb02915ae8051fd2d.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/97-1011_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180411_97-1011_images_5da85f7338043e2663980fc755e638fc9453e74e.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/97-1011", "sha1": "54f823326cb23e2f6439d37b714102ef38d2fb3e", "filename": "files/20180411_97-1011_54f823326cb23e2f6439d37b714102ef38d2fb3e.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4751, "name": "Federal Workforce" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4777, "name": "Congressional Operations, Leadership, & Funding" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 577456, "date": "2018-01-09", "retrieved": "2018-01-09T23:20:36.379403", "title": "Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables", "summary": "Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. In the past, Congress periodically enacted specific legislation to alter its pay; the last time this occurred affected pay in 1991. More recently, pay has been determined pursuant to laws establishing formulas for automatic adjustments.\nThe Ethics Reform Act of 1989 established the current automatic annual adjustment formula, which is based on changes in private sector wages as measured by the Employment Cost Index (ECI). The adjustment is automatic unless denied statutorily, although the percentage may not exceed the percentage base pay increase for General Schedule (GS) employees. Member pay has since been frozen in two ways: (1) directly, through legislation that freezes salaries for Members but not for other federal employees, and (2) indirectly, through broader pay freeze legislation that covers Members and other specified categories of federal employees. \nMembers of Congress last received a pay adjustment in January 2009. At that time, their salary was increased 2.8%, to $174,000. This freeze represents a decrease of 12% from 2009 through 2017 when adjusted for inflation.\nA provision in P.L. 111-8 prohibited any pay adjustment for 2010. Under the pay adjustment formula, Members were originally scheduled to receive an adjustment in January 2010 of 2.1%, although this would have been revised downward automatically to 1.5% to match the GS base pay adjustment. Members next were scheduled to receive a 0.9% pay adjustment in 2011. The pay adjustment was prohibited by P.L. 111-165. Additionally, P.L. 111-322 prevented any adjustment in GS base pay before December 31, 2012. Since the percentage adjustment in Member pay may not exceed the percentage adjustment in the base pay of GS employees, Member pay was also frozen during this period. If not limited by GS pay, Member pay could have been adjusted by 1.3% in 2012. The ECI formula established a maximum potential pay adjustment in January 2013 of 1.1%. P.L. 112-175 extended the freeze on GS pay rates for the duration of this continuing resolution, which also extended the Member freeze since the percentage adjustment in Member pay may not exceed the percentage adjustment in GS base pay. Subsequently, Member pay for 2013 was further frozen in P.L. 112-240. The maximum potential 2014 pay adjustment of 1.2%, or $2,100, was denied by P.L. 113-46. The maximum potential January 2015 Member pay adjustment under the ECI formula was 1.6%, or $2,800. The President proposed a 1.0% increase in the base pay of GS employees, which would automatically have limited any Member pay adjustment to 1.0%. P.L. 113-235 contained a provision prohibiting any Member pay adjustment. The maximum potential January 2016 pay adjustment of 1.7%, or $3,000, under the ECI formula would have been limited to 1.0%, or $1,700, due to the GS base pay increase. Member pay for 2016 was frozen by P.L. 114-113. The maximum potential January 2017 pay adjustment of 1.6%, or $2,800, under the ECI formula would have been limited to 1.0%, or $1,700, due to the GS base pay increase. Member pay for 2017 was frozen by P.L. 114-254. \nThe maximum potential January 2018 pay adjustment of 1.8%, or $3,100, was automatically limited to 1.4%, or $2,400. The FY2018 continuing appropriations resolutions have continued the existing pay freeze for the duration of each resolution. \nIf Members of Congress had received every adjustment prescribed by the ECI formula since 1992, and the 2 U.S.C. \u00a74501 limitation regarding the percentage base pay increase for GS employees remained unchanged, the 2018 salary would be $208,000.\nBoth the automatic annual adjustments and funding for Members\u2019 salaries are provided pursuant to other laws (2 U.S.C. \u00a74501)\u2014not the annual appropriations bills\u2014and a provision prohibiting a scheduled adjustment could be included in any bill, or introduced as a separate bill.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/97-1011", "sha1": "b94dac5641f8429abf1451d2e3f2001942b43d31", "filename": "files/20180109_97-1011_b94dac5641f8429abf1451d2e3f2001942b43d31.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/97-1011_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180109_97-1011_images_78b0fd2caa76128614787f7eaf78415493f09f63.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/97-1011", "sha1": "bddb139f235d2c5690d408133edd98484d370aea", "filename": "files/20180109_97-1011_bddb139f235d2c5690d408133edd98484d370aea.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4751, "name": "Federal Workforce" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4777, "name": "Congressional Operations, Leadership, & Funding" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 462723, "date": "2017-07-13", "retrieved": "2017-08-22T13:55:35.850034", "title": "Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables", "summary": "Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. In the past, Congress periodically enacted specific legislation to alter its pay; the last time this occurred affected pay in 1991. More recently, pay has been determined pursuant to laws establishing formulas for automatic adjustments.\nThe Ethics Reform Act of 1989 established the current automatic annual adjustment formula, which is based on changes in private sector wages as measured by the Employment Cost Index (ECI). The adjustment is automatic unless denied statutorily, although the percentage may not exceed the percentage base pay increase for General Schedule (GS) employees. Member pay has since been frozen in two ways: (1) directly, through legislation that freezes salaries for Members but not for other federal employees, and (2) indirectly, through broader pay freeze legislation that covers Members and other specified categories of federal employees. \nMembers of Congress last received a pay adjustment in January 2009. At that time, their salary was increased 2.8%, to $174,000. This freeze represents a decrease of 12% since 2009 when adjusted for inflation.\nA provision in P.L. 111-8 prohibited any pay adjustment for 2010. Under the pay adjustment formula, Members were originally scheduled to receive an adjustment in January 2010 of 2.1%, although this would have been revised downward automatically to 1.5% to match the GS base pay adjustment. Members next were scheduled to receive a 0.9% pay adjustment in 2011. The pay adjustment was prohibited by P.L. 111-165. Additionally, P.L. 111-322 prevented any adjustment in GS base pay before December 31, 2012. Since the percentage adjustment in Member pay may not exceed the percentage adjustment in the base pay of GS employees, Member pay was also frozen during this period. If not limited by GS pay, Member pay could have been adjusted by 1.3% in 2012. The ECI formula established a maximum potential pay adjustment in January 2013 of 1.1%. P.L. 112-175 extended the freeze on GS pay rates for the duration of this continuing resolution, which also extended the Member freeze since the percentage adjustment in Member pay may not exceed the percentage adjustment in GS base pay. Subsequently, Member pay for 2013 was further frozen in P.L. 112-240. The maximum potential 2014 pay adjustment of 1.2%, or $2,100, was denied by P.L. 113-46. The maximum potential January 2015 Member pay adjustment under the ECI formula was 1.6%, or $2,800. The President proposed a 1.0% increase in the base pay of GS employees, which would automatically have limited any Member pay adjustment to 1.0%. P.L. 113-235 contained a provision prohibiting any Member pay adjustment. The maximum potential January 2016 pay adjustment of 1.7%, or $3,000, under the ECI formula would have been limited to 1.0%, or $1,700, due to the GS base pay increase. Member pay for 2016 was frozen by P.L. 114-113. The maximum potential January 2017 pay adjustment of 1.6%, or $2,800, under the ECI formula would have been limited to 1.0%, or $1,700, due to the GS base pay increase. Member pay for 2017 was frozen by P.L. 114-254. \nThe maximum potential January 2018 pay adjustment is 1.8%, or $3,100. \nIf Members of Congress had received every adjustment prescribed by the ECI formula since 1992, and the 2 U.S.C. \u00a74501 limitation regarding the percentage base pay increase for GS employees remained unchanged, the 2017 salary be $205,100.\nBoth the automatic annual adjustments and funding for Members\u2019 salaries are provided pursuant to other laws (2 U.S.C. \u00a74501)\u2014not the annual appropriations bills\u2014and a provision prohibiting a scheduled adjustment could be included in any bill, or introduced as a separate bill.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/97-1011", "sha1": "4207b3e83166a621a1621f975e8a24f5bf85b917", "filename": "files/20170713_97-1011_4207b3e83166a621a1621f975e8a24f5bf85b917.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/97-1011_files&id=/0.png": "files/20170713_97-1011_images_78b0fd2caa76128614787f7eaf78415493f09f63.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/97-1011", "sha1": "7b637eb5edeba79a4a709b5b4622a797e70012c4", "filename": "files/20170713_97-1011_7b637eb5edeba79a4a709b5b4622a797e70012c4.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4751, "name": "Federal Workforce" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4777, "name": "Congressional Operations, Leadership, & Funding" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 458129, "date": "2017-01-03", "retrieved": "2017-01-13T15:45:52.818783", "title": "Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables", "summary": "Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. In the past, Congress periodically enacted specific legislation to alter its pay; the last time this occurred affected pay in 1991. More recently, pay has been determined pursuant to laws establishing formulas for automatic adjustments.\nThe Ethics Reform Act of 1989 established the current automatic annual adjustment formula, which is based on changes in private sector wages as measured by the Employment Cost Index (ECI). The adjustment is automatic unless denied statutorily, although the percentage may not exceed the percentage base pay increase for General Schedule (GS) employees. Member pay has since been frozen in two ways: (1) directly, through legislation that freezes salaries for Members but not for other federal employees, and (2) indirectly, through broader pay freeze legislation that covers Members and other specified categories of federal employees. \nMembers of Congress last received a pay adjustment in January 2009. At that time, their salary was increased 2.8%, to $174,000. \nA provision in P.L. 111-8 prohibited any pay adjustment for 2010. Under the pay adjustment formula, Members were originally scheduled to receive an adjustment in January 2010 of 2.1%, although this would have been revised downward automatically to 1.5% to match the GS base pay adjustment. Members next were scheduled to receive a 0.9% pay adjustment in 2011. The pay adjustment was prohibited by P.L. 111-165. Additionally, P.L. 111-322 prevented any adjustment in GS base pay before December 31, 2012. Since the percentage adjustment in Member pay may not exceed the percentage adjustment in the base pay of GS employees, Member pay was also frozen during this period. If not limited by GS pay, Member pay could have been adjusted by 1.3% in 2012. The ECI formula established a maximum potential pay adjustment in January 2013 of 1.1%. P.L. 112-175 extended the freeze on GS pay rates for the duration of this continuing resolution, which also extended the Member freeze since the percentage adjustment in Member pay may not exceed the percentage adjustment in GS base pay. Subsequently, Member pay for 2013 was further frozen in P.L. 112-240. The maximum potential 2014 pay adjustment of 1.2%, or $2,100, was denied by P.L. 113-46. The maximum potential January 2015 Member pay adjustment under the ECI formula was 1.6%, or $2,800. The President proposed a 1.0% increase in the base pay of GS employees, which would automatically have limited any Member pay adjustment to 1.0%. P.L. 113-235 contained a provision prohibiting any Member pay adjustment. The maximum potential January 2016 pay adjustment of 1.7%, or $3,000, under the ECI formula would have been limited to 1.0%, or $1,700, due to the GS base pay increase. Member pay for 2016 was frozen by P.L. 114-113. The maximum potential January 2017 pay adjustment of 1.6%, or $2,800, under the ECI formula would have been limited to 1.0%, or $1,700, due to the GS base pay increase. Member pay for 2017 was frozen by P.L. 114-254. \nBoth the automatic annual adjustments and funding for Members\u2019 salaries are provided pursuant to other laws (2 U.S.C. \u00a74501)\u2014not the annual appropriations bills\u2014and a provision prohibiting a scheduled adjustment could be included in any bill, or introduced as a separate bill. \nThis report contains information on the pay procedure and actions and freezes since the last pay adjustment in 2009. It also contains historical information on the rate of pay for Members of Congress since 1789; the adjustments projected by the Ethics Reform Act as compared to actual adjustments in Member pay; details on past legislation enacted with language prohibiting the annual pay adjustment; and Member pay in constant and current dollars since 1992.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/97-1011", "sha1": "d4fcd854e7bf0b44b42a89dd739c65b94102ec37", "filename": "files/20170103_97-1011_d4fcd854e7bf0b44b42a89dd739c65b94102ec37.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/97-1011", "sha1": "1ec60a0515b80178d94d8b959a4f72ddd493a539", "filename": "files/20170103_97-1011_1ec60a0515b80178d94d8b959a4f72ddd493a539.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4751, "name": "Federal Workforce" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4777, "name": "Congressional Operations, Leadership, & Funding" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 453806, "date": "2016-06-21", "retrieved": "2016-11-28T22:02:07.457605", "title": "Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables", "summary": "Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. In the past, Congress periodically enacted specific legislation to alter its pay; the last time this occurred affected pay in 1991. More recently, pay has been determined pursuant to laws establishing formulas for automatic adjustments.\nThe Ethics Reform Act of 1989 established the current automatic annual adjustment formula, which is based on changes in private sector wages as measured by the Employment Cost Index (ECI). The adjustment is automatic unless denied statutorily, although the percentage may not exceed the percentage base pay increase for General Schedule (GS) employees. Member pay has since been frozen in two ways: (1) directly, through legislation that freezes salaries for Members but not for other federal employees, and (2) indirectly, through broader pay freeze legislation that covers Members and other specified categories of federal employees. \nMembers of Congress last received a pay adjustment in January 2009. At that time, their salary was increased 2.8%, to $174,000. A provision in P.L. 111-8 prohibited any pay adjustment for 2010. Under the pay adjustment formula, Members were originally scheduled to receive an adjustment in January 2010 of 2.1%, although this would have been revised downward automatically to 1.5% to match the GS base pay adjustment. Members next were scheduled to receive a 0.9% pay adjustment in 2011. The pay adjustment was prohibited by P.L. 111-165. Additionally, P.L. 111-322 prevented any adjustment in GS base pay before December 31, 2012. Since the percentage adjustment in Member pay may not exceed the percentage adjustment in the base pay of GS employees, Member pay was also frozen during this period. If not limited by GS pay, Member pay could have been adjusted by 1.3% in 2012. The ECI formula established a maximum potential pay adjustment in January 2013 of 1.1%. P.L. 112-175 extended the freeze on GS pay rates for the duration of this continuing resolution, which also extended the Member freeze since the percentage adjustment in Member pay may not exceed the percentage adjustment in GS base pay. Subsequently, Member pay for 2013 was further frozen in P.L. 112-240. The maximum potential 2014 pay adjustment of 1.2%, or $2,100, was denied by P.L. 113-46. The maximum potential January 2015 Member pay adjustment under the ECI formula was 1.6%, or $2,800. The President proposed a 1.0% increase in the base pay of GS employees, which would automatically have limited any Member pay adjustment to 1.0%. P.L. 113-235 contained a provision prohibiting any Member pay adjustment. The maximum potential January 2016 pay adjustment of 1.7%, or $3,000, under the ECI formula would have been limited to 1.0%, or $1,700, due to the GS pay increase. Member pay for 2016 was frozen by P.L. 114-113. \nThe maximum potential January 2017 Member pay adjustment is 1.6%, or $2,800. Both the House-passed (H.R. 5325) and Senate-reported (S. 2955) versions of the FY2017 legislative branch appropriations bill\u2014which would provide approximately $4.4 billion in funding for the activities of the House of Representatives, Senate, and legislative branch support agencies\u2014contain a provision that would prohibit this adjustment. The Member pay provision was included in the bills as introduced and no separate votes have been held on this provision. Both the automatic annual adjustments and funding for Members\u2019 salaries are provided pursuant to other laws (2 U.S.C. \u00a74501)\u2014not the annual appropriations bills\u2014and a provision prohibiting the scheduled 2017 adjustment could be included in any bill, or introduced as a separate bill.\nThis report contains information on the pay procedure and actions and freezes since the last pay adjustment in 2009. It also contains historical information on the rate of pay for Members of Congress since 1789; the adjustments projected by the Ethics Reform Act as compared to actual adjustments in Member pay; details on past legislation enacted with language prohibiting the annual pay adjustment; and Member pay in constant and current dollars since 1992.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/97-1011", "sha1": "cbe1d8a68c19cf8d56a3af3a2c6a37726a7c25b2", "filename": "files/20160621_97-1011_cbe1d8a68c19cf8d56a3af3a2c6a37726a7c25b2.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/97-1011", "sha1": "2026c0a3dfe1a7dae0d30c48c9d235a876d4234f", "filename": "files/20160621_97-1011_2026c0a3dfe1a7dae0d30c48c9d235a876d4234f.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4751, "name": "Federal Workforce" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4777, "name": "Congressional Operations, Leadership, & Funding" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 450216, "date": "2016-02-23", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T17:04:45.175376", "title": "Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables", "summary": "Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. In the past, Congress periodically enacted specific legislation to alter its pay; the last time this occurred affected pay in 1991. More recently, pay has been determined pursuant to laws establishing formulas for automatic adjustments.\nThe Ethics Reform Act of 1989 established the current automatic annual adjustment formula, which is based on changes in private sector wages as measured by the Employment Cost Index (ECI). The adjustment is automatic unless denied statutorily, although the percentage may not exceed the percentage base pay increase for General Schedule (GS) employees. Member pay has since been frozen in two ways: (1) directly, through legislation that freezes salaries for Members but not for other federal employees, and (2) indirectly, through broader pay freeze legislation that covers Members and other specified categories of federal employees. \nMembers of Congress last received a pay adjustment in January 2009. At that time, their salary was increased 2.8%, to $174,000 from $169,300. A provision in the FY2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act prohibited any pay adjustment for 2010. Under the pay adjustment formula, Members were originally scheduled to receive an adjustment in January 2010 of 2.1%, although this would have been revised downward automatically to 1.5% to match the GS base pay adjustment. Members next were scheduled to receive a 0.9% pay adjustment in 2011. The pay adjustment was prohibited by P.L. 111-165. Additionally, P.L. 111-322 prevented any adjustment in GS base pay before December 31, 2012. Since the percentage adjustment in Member pay may not exceed the percentage adjustment in the base pay of GS employees, Member pay was also frozen during this period. If not limited by GS pay, Member pay could have been adjusted by 1.3% in 2012. The ECI formula established a maximum potential pay adjustment in January 2013 of 1.1%. The Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013 (P.L. 112-175), extended the freeze on GS pay rates for the duration of this continuing resolution, which also extended the Member freeze since the percentage adjustment in Member pay may not exceed the percentage adjustment in GS base pay. Subsequently, Member pay for 2013 was further frozen in the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-240). The maximum potential 2014 pay adjustment of 1.2%, or $2,100, was denied by P.L. 113-46. The maximum potential January 2015 Member pay adjustment under the ECI formula was 1.6%, or $2,800. The President proposed a 1.0% increase in the base pay of GS employees, which would automatically have limited any Member pay adjustment to 1.0%. The FY2015 Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act (P.L. 113-235) contained a provision prohibiting any Member pay adjustment. The maximum potential January 2016 pay adjustment of 1.7%, or $3,000, under the ECI formula would have been limited to 1.0%, or $1,700, due to the GS pay increase. Member pay was frozen by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113). \nThe maximum potential January 2017 member pay adjustment is 1.6%, or $2,800.\nBoth the automatic annual adjustments and funding for Members\u2019 salaries are provided pursuant to other laws (2 U.S.C. \u00a74501)\u2014not the annual appropriations bills\u2014and a provision prohibiting the scheduled 2017 adjustment could be included in any bill, or introduced as a separate bill.\nThis report contains information on the pay procedure and actions and freezes since the last pay adjustment in 2009. 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