This report describes actions to provide FY2027 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) accounts. The annual CJS appropriations act provides funding for the U.S. Department of Commerce, which includes bureaus and offices such as the Census Bureau, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology; the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), which includes agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Bureau of Prisons, the U.S. Marshals Service, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Offices of the U.S. Attorneys; the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; the National Science Foundation; and several related agencies such as the Legal Services Corporation and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
On January 23, 2026, the Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 (P.L. 119-74) was signed into law by President Trump. The act provided a total of $82.619 billion for CJS departments and agencies, which included $11.132 billion for the Department of Commerce; $37.079 billion for the Department of Justice; $33.196 billion for the science agencies; and $1.212 billion for the related agencies.
The Administration requests a total of $75.159 billion for CJS for FY2027, which is $7.460 billion (-9.0%) less than the FY2026 regular appropriation. The Administration's request for CJS includes $9.748 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $1.385 (-12.4%) less than the FY2026 regular appropriation; $41.887 billion for the Department of Justice, which is $4.807 billion (+13.0%) more than the FY2026 regular appropriation; $22.800 billion for the science agencies, which is $10.396 billion (-31.3%) less than the FY2026 regular appropriation; and $725 million for the related agencies, which is $487 million (-40.2%) less than the FY2026 regular appropriation.
The House Committee on Appropriations marked up and reported a FY2027 CJS appropriations bill (H.R. 8845) on May 15, 2026. The bill would provide $81.105 billion for CJS for FY2027. The bill includes $10.151 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $981 million (-8.8%) less than the FY2026 regular appropriation and $403 million (+4.1%) more than the Administration's request; $38.613 billion for the Department of Justice, which is $1.533 billion (+4.1%) more than the FY2026 regular appropriation and $3.274 billion (-7.8%) less than the Administration's request; $31.446 billion for the science agencies, which is $1.750 billion (-5.3%) less than the FY2026 regular appropriation and $8.646 billion (+37.9%) more than the Administration's request; and $896 million for the related agencies, which is $316 million (-26.1%) less than the FY2026 regular appropriation and $171 million (+23.6%) more than the Administration's request.
This report describes actions to provide FY2027 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) accounts. This report also provides information on FY2026 appropriations for CJS. (Enacted funding for CJS for FY2017–FY2026 is provided in Table A-1.) The dollar amounts in this report reflect only new appropriations made available for each fiscal year; therefore, the amounts do not include any rescissions of unobligated or deobligated balances that may be counted as offsets to newly enacted appropriations, nor do they include any scorekeeping adjustments (e.g., the budgetary effects of provisions limiting the availability of the balance in the Crime Victims Fund). In this report, percentage changes are calculated using whole (not rounded) numbers, meaning that in some instances there may be small differences between the actual percentage change and the percentage change that would be calculated by using the rounded amounts discussed in the report. In some instances, amounts in this report differ from amounts for the same account in previous editions of Congressional Research Service CJS appropriations reports because past reports did not reflect supplemental budget requests or because there were differences in how legislative proposals are scored by the Office of Management and Budget and the Congressional Budget Office.
The annual CJS appropriations act provides funding for the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. Department of Justice, select science agencies, and several related agencies. Appropriations for the Department of Commerce include funding for bureaus and offices such as the Census Bureau, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Appropriations for DOJ provide funding for agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation; the Bureau of Prisons; the U.S. Marshals; the Drug Enforcement Administration; and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, along with funding for a variety of public safety-related grant programs for state, local, and tribal governments. The vast majority of funding for the science agencies goes to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation.1 The annual appropriation for the related agencies includes funding for agencies such as the Legal Services Corporation and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
The mission of the Department of Commerce is to "create the conditions for economic growth and opportunity for all communities."2 The department "works to drive U.S. economic competitiveness, strengthen domestic industry, and spur the growth of quality jobs in all communities across the country."3 It has wide-ranging responsibilities including trade, economic development, technology, entrepreneurship and business development, monitoring the environment, forecasting weather, managing marine resources, and statistical research and analysis. The department pursues and implements policies that affect trade and economic development by working to open new markets for U.S. goods and services and promoting pro-growth business policies. It also invests in research and development to foster innovation.
The agencies within the Department of Commerce, and their responsibilities, include the following:
DOJ's mission is to "uphold the rule of law, to keep our country safe, and to protect civil rights."4 DOJ also provides legal advice and opinions, upon request, to the President and executive branch department heads.
The major DOJ offices and agencies and their functions are as follows:
The science offices and agencies support research and development and related activities across a wide variety of federal missions, including national competitiveness, space exploration, and fundamental discovery.
The annual CJS appropriations act includes funding for several related agencies:
On January 23, 2026, the Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 (P.L. 119-74) was signed into law by President Trump. The act provided a total of $82.619 billion for CJS departments and agencies, which is $185 million (+0.2%) more than the FY2025 regular appropriation for CJS.10 The act included the following:
In addition to the amounts provided by P.L. 119-74, there is also $1.391 billion in advance appropriations provided through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA, P.L. 117-58) and the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (P.L. 117-159) that were available to CJS agencies for FY2026 (see Table 2).
The Administration requests a total of $75.159 billion for CJS for FY2027, which is $7.460 billion (-9.0%) less than the FY2026 regular appropriation. The Administration's request for CJS includes the following:
The Administration's FY2027 budget requests funding for most Commerce accounts at a level below their FY2026 enacted levels, with a few exceptions. The Administration request increased funding for the Census Bureau's Periodic Censuses and Programs account (+$551 million, +47.0%); BIS (+$215 million, +91.5%); departmental management funding for the Commerce Department (+$120 million, +128.2%); NOAA's Procurement, Acquisitions, and Construction account (+$70 million, +4.4%); and the Economic and Statistical Analysis account (+$2 million, +1.3%). While the Administration requests funding for EDA and MBDA, the amounts requested are for conducting an orderly shutdown of both agency's operations: the Administration proposes shuttering both agencies in their FY2027 budget. In addition, the Administration did not request funding for NIST's Manufacturing Extension Partnership for FY2027. The Administration also proposes moving the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from the Department of Labor to the Department of Commerce, and the FY2027 budget request for Commerce includes $600 million for BLS.
The Administration proposes increasing funding for many of DOJ's accounts for FY2027. The Administration also proposes moving the High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) program from the Office of National Drug Control Policy to DOJ. The Administration did not request funding for the Community Relations Service (CRS) because, according to the Administration, CRS's functions have been integrated into the Executive Office for the U.S. Attorneys. The Administration did not request funding for interagency law enforcement assistance; funding for this purpose was included in the requests for DOJ's law enforcement agencies, the U.S. Attorneys, and the Criminal and National Security Divisions. The Administration proposes reduced funding for the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account (-$781 million, -32.6%), the Community Oriented Policing Services account (-$497 million, -62.1%), BOP's Buildings and Facilities account (-$101 million, -36.2%), OVW (-$81 million, -13.1%), the Juvenile Justice Programs account (-$65 million, -17.3%), and the Office of the Inspector General (-$41 million, -29.8%). Under the Administration's budget, the cap on the Crime Victims Fund would decrease by $50 million (-2.6%).
The Administration's budget request would decrease funding for NASA relative to the FY2026 enacted level (-$5.609 billion, -23.0%). The Administration requests less funding for all of NASA's accounts compared to their FY2026 enacted levels, with the exception of the Exploration account (+$731 million, +9.4%). The Administration's budget proposes eliminating funding for the STEM Engagement account.
The Administration requests $4.787 billion (-54.7%) less for NSF for FY2027 compared to the FY2026 enacted level. The Administration requests less for nearly all of NSF's accounts compared to their FY2026 enacted levels, and it proposes eliminating funding for the STEM Education account. The Administration proposed a $5 million (+$1.3%) increase for NSF's Agency Operations and Award Management account.
The Administration proposes reducing funding for several of the related agencies, though there are proposed increases for some others. The Administration requests funding for the Legal Services Corporation and the Marine Mammal Commission in its FY2027 budget, but the funding is for an orderly closure of both agencies. Two other related agencies—the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights and the State Justice Institute—would receive less funding under the Administration's budget request. The Administration's FY2027 budget proposes increased funding for the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the International Trade Commission, and the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative. The authorization for transfers from the Trade Enforcement Fund expire at the end of FY2026, so the Administration requested funding for operations supported by these transfers under the U.S. Trade Representative Salaries and Expenses account.
The House Committee on Appropriations marked up and reported a FY2027 CJS appropriations bill (H.R. 8845) on May 15, 2026. The bill would provide $81.105 billion for CJS for FY2027. The bill includes
The committee-reported bill would fund many Commerce accounts at a level equal to or below the FY2026 regular appropriation. The bill would increase funding for FY2027 for some Commerce accounts, including
Under the committee-reported bill, most Commerce accounts would be funded at a level equal to the Administration's FY2027 request. The committee-reported bill would provide more funding for the EDA and MBDA than what was requested by the Administration; this is because the Administration proposed shuttering both agencies and requested only enough funding to help provide for an orderly shutdown of these agencies' operations. While the House Committee on Appropriations did not adopt the Administration's proposal to close EDA and MBDA, both agencies would receive less than they did for FY2026 under the committee-reported bill. In addition, the committee recommends increased funding for NIST's Industrial Technology Services account relative to the Administration's request because the committee did not adopt the Administration's proposal to eliminate the Hollings Manufacturing Extensions Partnership program. The committee recommends more funding for NOAA's Operations, Research, and Facilities (+$675 million, +20.3%) and Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction (+$144 million, +8.8%) accounts than what was requested by the Administration. The committee-reported bill would fund the Census Bureau's Periodic Censuses and Programs (-$521 million, -30.2%) and the Departmental Management (-$125 million, -58.4%) accounts below the Administration's request. The committee-reported bill does not provide funding for BLS under the Commerce Department.
The committee-reported bill would fund most DOJ accounts at or above the FY206 regular appropriation. However, the committee recommends reduced funding for ATF (-$285 million, -18.0%), the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account (-$241 million, -10.0%), Juvenile Justice Programs account (-$50 million, -13.3%), the COPS account (-$37 million, -4.7%), and the Justice Operations, Management, and Accountability account (-$5 million, -3.6%) relative to the FY2026 appropriation. The committee-reported bill would fund many DOJ accounts at a level below the Administration's request. However, the committee recommends funding above the Administration's request for the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account (+$540 million, +33.4%), the COPS account (+$459 million, +151.5%), the OVW account (+$86 million, +16.0%), FBI's Construction account (+$20 million, +66.7%), and the Juvenile Justice Programs account (+$15 million, +4.8%). The committee-reported bill does not provide funding for HIDTA under the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account, and it includes funding for interagency law enforcement assistance. The committee-reported bill does not include funding for CRS, as requested by the Administration.
Overall funding for NASA under the committee-reported bill would be the same as the FY2026-enacted appropriation, though funding would be allocated differently between NASA's accounts. The Exploration (+$1.143 billion, +14.7%); Space Operations (+$228 million, +5.5%); Safety, Security, and Mission Services (+$100 million, +3.3%), and Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration (+$15 million, +7.9%) accounts would all receive increases under the committee-reported bill. The Science (-$1.250 billion, -17.2%), Aeronautics (-$85 million, -9.1%), and Space Technology (-$7 million, -0.8%) accounts would receive decreased funding under the committee-reported bill. The committee reported bill would fund all of NASA's accounts at a level greater than the Administration's request, with the exception of the STEM Engagement account, which, as proposed by the Administration, would be eliminated under the committee-reported bill.
The committee-reported bill would decrease funding for nearly all of NSF's accounts relative to the FY2026 appropriation, with the exception of the Agency Awards and Operations Management account, which would receive a $5 million (+1.3%) increase relative to the FY2026 appropriation, and the Office of the Inspector General (OIG), which would be funded at the FY2026-enacted level. The committee recommends funding for three NSF accounts at the level requested by the Administration, while the committee-reported bill would provide more than the Administration's request for the Research and Related Activities (+$3.031 billion, +88.9%) and the OIG (+$6 million, +34.2%). The committee adopted the Administration's proposal to eliminate funding for the STEM Education account.
The House Committee on Appropriations recommends reduced funding for most of the related agencies relative to the FY2026-enacted appropriation. The committee-reported bill would increase funding for the International Trade Commission (+$12 million, +9.8%) and the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (+$30 million, +46.2%). The proposed increase for the latter is the result of the committee providing more funding for the U.S. Trade Representative's Salaries and Expenses account due to the lapse in the authorization for transfers from the Trade Enforcement Fund. The committee did not adopt the Administration's proposal to shutter LSC. The committee recommends funding for the Marine Mammal Commission at the level requested by the Administration; the report to accompany the committee-reported bill does not indicate whether the committee expects the commission to winddown its operations.
Table 1. Funding for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS): FY2026 Enacted Funding, the Administration's FY2027 Requested Funding, and the House Committee-Reported Bill
(appropriations in millions of dollars)
|
Departments and Related Agencies |
FY2026 Enacteda |
FY2027 Administration's Request |
FY2027 House Committee-Reported Bill |
FY2027 Senate Bill |
FY2027 Enacted |
|
Department of Commerce |
|||||
|
International Trade Administration |
$582.0 |
$440.0 |
$440.0 |
||
|
Offsetting Fee Collections (International Trade Administration) |
-20.0 |
-20.0 |
-20.0 |
||
|
Bureau of Industry and Security |
235.0 |
450.0 |
450.0 |
||
|
Economic Development Administration |
466.0 |
20.0 |
322.5 |
||
|
Salaries and Expenses |
(66.0) |
(20.0) |
(66.0) |
||
|
Economic Development Assistance Programs |
(400.0) |
— |
(256.5) |
||
|
Minority Business Development Agency |
50.0 |
3.5 |
13.5 |
||
|
Economic and Statistical Analysis |
118.0 |
119.5 |
119.5 |
||
|
Census Bureau |
1,490.3 |
2,011.5 |
1,490.3 |
||
|
Current Surveys and Programs |
(318.5) |
(288.5) |
(288.5) |
||
|
Periodic Censuses and Programs |
(1,171.8) |
(1,723.0) |
(1,201.8) |
||
|
National Telecommunications and Information Administration |
51.0 |
47.0 |
47.0 |
||
|
Salaries and Expenses |
(50.0) |
(46.0) |
(46.0) |
||
|
Facilities Management and Construction |
(1.0) |
(1.0) |
(1.0) |
||
|
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)b |
4,956.0 |
5,160.3 |
5,160.3 |
||
|
Offsetting Fee Receipts (USPTO) |
-4,956.0 |
-5,160.3 |
-5,160.3 |
||
|
National Institute of Standards and Technology |
1,847.1 |
853.9 |
1,300.0 |
||
|
Scientific and Technical Research and Services |
(1,249.2) |
(729.2) |
(1,000.0) |
||
|
Industrial Technology Services |
(212.0) |
(37.0) |
(212.0) |
||
|
Manufacturing Extension Partnership |
(175.0) |
— |
(175.0) |
||
|
(37.0) |
(37.0) |
(37.0) |
|||
|
Construction of Research Facilities, new appropriation |
(385.9) |
(87.8) |
(87.8) |
||
|
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
6,170.9 |
4,970.5 |
5,851.1 |
||
|
Operations, Research, and Facilitiesd |
(4,450.4) |
(3,332.5) |
(4,007.7) |
||
|
Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction |
(1,576.9) |
(1,646.7) |
(1,790.8) |
||
|
Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund |
(65.0) |
— |
(65.0) |
||
|
Fishermen's Contingency Fund |
(0.3) |
(0.3) |
(0.3) |
||
|
Fisheries Finance Program Account |
(-12.0) |
(-9.3) |
(-13.0) |
||
|
Fisheries Disaster Assistance Fund |
(0.3) |
(0.3) |
(0.3) |
||
|
Bureau of Labor Statistics |
— |
600.0 |
— |
||
|
Departmental Managemente |
93.6 |
213.6 |
88.8 |
||
|
Office of the Inspector General |
48.0 |
38.0 |
48.0 |
||
|
Subtotal: Department of Commerce |
11,132.1 |
9,747.5 |
10,150.6 |
||
|
Department of Justice |
|||||
|
General Administration |
1,170.5 |
1,325.5 |
1,114.0 |
||
|
Justice Operations, Management, and Accountabilityf |
(140.0) |
(190.0) |
(135.0) |
||
|
Justice Information Sharing Technology |
(38.5) |
(149.0) |
(50.0) |
||
|
Executive Office of Immigration Review |
(790.0) |
(889.0) |
(790.0) |
||
|
Office of the Inspector General |
(139.0) |
(97.5) |
(139.0) |
||
|
U.S. Parole Commission |
13.0 |
12.9 |
12.9 |
||
|
Legal Activities |
3,906.7 |
4,351.1 |
4,048.0 |
||
|
General Legal Activities |
(900.0) |
(1,115.0) |
(1,015.0) |
||
|
U.S. Attorneys |
(2,621.0) |
(2,870.3) |
(2,748.6) |
||
|
Antitrust Division |
(310.0) |
(244.8) |
(313.0) |
||
|
Offsetting Fee Collections (Antitrust Division) |
(-310.0) |
(-244.8) |
(-313.0) |
||
|
U.S. Trustee Program |
(205.0) |
(197.7) |
(197.7) |
||
|
Offsetting Fee Collections (U.S. Trustee Program) |
(-205.0) |
(-197.7) |
(-279.0) |
||
|
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission |
(2.5) |
(2.5) |
(2.5) |
||
|
Fees and Expenses of Witnesses |
(320.0) |
(320.0) |
(320.0) |
||
|
Community Relations Service |
(20.0) |
— |
— |
||
|
Assets Forfeiture Fundg |
(20.5) |
(20.5) |
(20.5) |
||
|
Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund |
(22.7) |
(22.7) |
(22.7) |
||
|
United States Marshals Service |
3,976.0 |
5,191.4 |
4,745.4 |
||
|
Salaries and Expenses |
(1,732.0h) |
(2,180.0) |
(1,741.0) |
||
|
Construction |
(8.0) |
(15.0) |
(8.0) |
||
|
Federal Prisoner Detention |
(2,236.0) |
(2,996.4) |
(2,996.4) |
||
|
National Security Division |
117.2 |
123.0 |
121.0 |
||
|
Interagency Law Enforcement |
300.0 |
— |
483.7 |
||
|
Federal Bureau of Investigation |
10,624.5 |
12,530.3 |
11,405.1 |
||
|
Salaries and Expenses |
(10,609.5) |
(10,316.7) |
(11,355.1) |
||
|
Construction |
(15.0) |
(30.0) |
(50.0) |
||
|
Drug Enforcement Administration |
2,580.3 |
2,942.0 |
2,823.6 |
||
|
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives |
1,585.0 |
1,652.0 |
1,300.0 |
||
|
Federal Prison System |
8,382.5 |
10,498.0 |
8,402.7 |
||
|
Salaries and Expenses |
(8,100.0) |
(10,316.7) |
(8,225.0) |
||
|
Building and Facilities |
(279.8) |
(178.6) |
(175.0) |
||
|
Limitation on Administrative Expenses, Federal Prison Industries |
(2.7) |
(2.7) |
(2.7) |
||
|
Office on Violence Against Women |
620.0i |
539.0 |
625.0i |
||
|
Office of Justice Programs |
3,066.8 |
2,418.6 |
2,769.0 |
||
|
Research, Evaluation, and Statistics |
(55.0) |
(55.0) |
(55.0) |
||
|
State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance |
(2,400.0) |
(1,618.8) |
(2,159.0) |
||
|
Juvenile Justice Programs |
(375.0) |
(310.0) |
(325.0) |
||
|
High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas |
— |
(196.0) |
— |
||
|
Public Safety Officers Benefits |
(236.8) |
(238.8) |
(229.8) |
||
|
Community Oriented Policing Services |
800.0 |
303.2 |
762.5 |
||
|
Obligation Cap on the Crime Victims Fund |
1,950.0 |
1,900.0 |
1,950.0 |
||
|
Offsetting Receipts |
-1,950.0 |
-1,900.0 |
-1,950.0 |
||
|
Subtotal: Department of Justice |
37,079.4 |
41,886.9 |
38,612.9 |
||
|
Science Agencies |
|||||
|
Office of Science and Technology Policy |
8.0 |
8.0 |
8.0 |
||
|
National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
24,438.3 |
18,829.1 |
24,438.3 |
||
|
Science |
(7,250.0) |
(3,893.9) |
(6,000.0) |
||
|
Aeronautics |
(935.0) |
(609.5) |
(850.0) |
||
|
Space Technology |
(920.5) |
(624.3) |
(913.0) |
||
|
Exploration |
(7,783.0) |
(8,513.9) |
(8,925.6) |
||
|
Space Operations |
(4,175.0) |
(3,047.2) |
(4,403.2) |
||
|
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Engagement |
(143.0) |
— |
— |
||
|
Safety, Security, and Mission Services |
(3,000.0) |
(1,998.6) |
(3,100.0) |
||
|
Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration |
(185.3) |
(100.6) |
(200.0) |
||
|
Inspector General |
(46.5) |
(41.1) |
(46.5) |
||
|
National Science Foundation |
8,750.0 |
3,963.2 |
7,000.0 |
||
|
Research and Related Activities |
(7,176.5) |
(3,409.5) |
(6,440.1) |
||
|
STEM Education |
(938.3) |
— |
— |
||
|
Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction |
(251.0) |
(173.0) |
(173.0) |
||
|
Agency Operations and Award Management |
(355.0) |
(359.7) |
(359.7) |
||
|
National Science Board |
(5.1) |
(3.1) |
(3.1) |
||
|
Office of the Inspector General |
(24.2) |
(18.0) |
(24.2) |
||
|
Subtotal: Science Agencies |
33,196.3 |
22,800.2 |
31,446.3 |
||
|
Related Agencies |
|||||
|
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights |
14.4 |
11.7 |
11.7 |
||
|
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission |
435.4 |
455.5 |
379.5 |
||
|
International Trade Commission |
122.0 |
134.0 |
134.0 |
||
|
Legal Services Corporation |
540.0 |
21.0 |
268.0 |
||
|
Marine Mammal Commission |
4.3 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
||
|
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, Salaries and Expenses |
65.0 |
95.0 |
95.0 |
||
|
Trade Enforcement Trust Fund |
23.0 |
— |
— |
||
|
State Justice Institute |
7.6 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
||
|
Subtotal: Related Agencies |
1,211.6 |
724.6 |
895.7 |
||
|
CJS Total |
82,619.5 |
75,159.3 |
81,105.5 |
||
|
Rescission of Unobligated Balances |
-709.2 |
-2,926.0 |
-461.0 |
||
Sources: FY2026 enacted amounts were taken from the explanatory statement to accompany the FY2026 CJS Appropriations Act. FY2027 requested amounts were taken from the Department of Commerce's FY2027 discretionary budget request, the Department of Justice's FY2027 congressional budget submission, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's budget request summary, the National Science Foundation's FY2027 congressional budget submission, and the Appendix to the President's FY2027 budget. Amounts in the House committee-reported bill were taken from the text of H.R. 8845 and the accompanying report (H.Rept. 119-625).
Notes: The accounts presented in the table are consistent with those used by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) to score the CJS appropriations bill. Amounts in parentheses are subaccounts and not offsets.
a. Enacted amounts do not include any appropriations from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA, P.L. 117-58) or the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (BSCA, P.L. 117-159).
b. Funding for the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is fully derived from user fees.
c. The Manufacturing USA Program was formerly known as the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation.
d. The amount for the Operations, Research, and Facilities account includes a transfer from the Promote and Develop Fishery Products and Research Pertaining to American Fisheries Fund.
e. This amount includes Salaries and Expenses for the management of the Department of Commerce and funding for the renovation and modernization of the Herbert C. Hoover Building.
f. This was formerly called the "General Administration, Salaries and Expenses" account. The name was changed in P.L. 118-42.
g. As a part of the annual CJS appropriations act, Congress traditionally sets a limit on the amount of expenses that can be paid for the purposes authorized under subparagraphs (B), (F), and (G) of Section 524(c)(1) of Title 28 of the United States Code.
h. This amount includes $30 million appropriated for the U.S. Marshals Service's Salaries and Expenses account under Section 122(b) of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2026 (P.L. 119-37).
i. This amount does not include an $100 million transfer from the Crime Victims Fund to the Office on Violence Against Women.
As shown in Table 2, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA, P.L. 117-58) provided advance appropriations for FY2026 for one NTIA program and two NOAA accounts.11 The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (P.L. 117-159) also provided advance appropriations for FY2026 for DOJ grant programs under the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance and Community Oriented Policing Services accounts.
|
FY2026 |
|
|
Department of Commerce |
|
|
National Telecommunications and Information Administration |
$550.0 |
|
Digital Equity |
(550.0) |
|
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
541.4 |
|
Operations, Research, and Facilities |
(507.0) |
|
Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery |
(34.4) |
|
Department of Justice |
|
|
State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance |
280.0 |
|
Community Oriented Policing Services |
20.0 |
|
Total |
1,391.4 |
Source: Text of P.L. 117-58 and P.L. 117-159.
Notes: The accounts presented in this table are consistent with those used by CBO to score the CJS appropriations bill. Amounts in parentheses are subaccounts and not offsets.
Table A-1. Nominal Funding for CJS Agencies, by Account: FY2017-FY2026
(appropriations in millions of dollars)
|
Bureau or Agency |
FY2017 |
FY2018 |
FY2019 |
FY2020 |
FY2021 |
FY2022 |
FY2023 |
FY2024 |
FY2025 |
FY2026 |
|
Department of Commerce |
||||||||||
|
International Trade Administration |
$483.0 |
$482.0 |
$484.0 |
$510.3 |
$530.0 |
$559.0 |
$613.0 |
$611.0 |
$611.0 |
$562.0 |
|
Bureau of Industry and Security |
112.5 |
113.5 |
118.1 |
127.7 |
133.0 |
163.1 |
191.0 |
191.0 |
191.0 |
235.0 |
|
Economic Development Administration |
276.0 |
901.5 |
904.0 |
1,833.0 |
3,346.0 |
373.5 |
1,616.0 |
468.0 |
1,978.0 |
466.0 |
|
Minority Business Development Agency |
34.0 |
39.0 |
40.0 |
52.0 |
73.0 |
55.0 |
70.0 |
68.3 |
68.3 |
50.0 |
|
Economic and Statistical Analysis |
107.3 |
99.0 |
101.0 |
108.0 |
111.9 |
116.0 |
130.0 |
125.0 |
125.0 |
118.0 |
|
Census Bureau |
1,470.0 |
2,814.0 |
3,821.4 |
7,558.3 |
1,106.6 |
1,354.0 |
1,485.0 |
1,382.5 |
1,382.5 |
1,490.3 |
|
National Telecommunications and Information Administration |
32.0 |
39.5 |
39.5 |
40.4 |
45.5 |
46,050.0 |
612.0 |
609.0 |
609.0 |
601.0 |
|
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) |
3,230.0 |
3,500.0 |
3,370.0 |
3,450.7 |
3,695.3 |
4,058.4 |
4,253.4 |
4,195.8 |
4,554.9 |
4,956.0 |
|
Offsetting Fee Receipts (USPTO) |
-3,230.0 |
-3,500.0 |
-3,370.0 |
-3.450.7 |
-3,695.3 |
-4,058.4 |
-4,253.4 |
-4,195.8 |
-4,554.9 |
-4,956.0 |
|
National Institute of Standards and Technology |
952.0 |
1,198.5 |
985.5 |
1,100.0 |
1,034.5 |
1,252.1 |
1,694.3 |
1,460.0 |
1,156.9 |
1,847.1 |
|
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
5,675.4 |
6,309.5 |
5,720.3 |
5,688.2 |
5,730.6 |
10,304.0 |
7,578.8 |
6,869.0 |
7,775.5 |
6,712.3 |
|
Departmental Managementa |
94.7 |
140.9 |
95.7 |
115.0 |
128.1 |
146.9 |
179.1 |
143.6 |
143.6 |
141.6 |
|
Commerce Subtotal |
9,237.0 |
12,137.4 |
12,309.5 |
17,132.8 |
12,239.2 |
60,373.6 |
14,169.2 |
11,927.4 |
14,040.8 |
12,223.5 |
|
Department of Justice |
||||||||||
|
General Administration |
676.7 |
746.8 |
870.4 |
926.6 |
998.6 |
1,106.8 |
1,278.0 |
1,151.0 |
1,159.5 |
1,107.5 |
|
Justice Operations, Management, and Accountabilityb |
(145.1) |
(149.0) |
(145.0) |
(152.6) |
(158.0)c |
(232.8) |
(283.0) |
(172.0) |
(180.5) |
(178.5) |
|
Executive Office for Immigration Review |
(436.0) |
(500.5) |
(624.4) |
(669.0) |
(730.0) |
(756.0) |
(856.0) |
(840.0) |
(840.0) |
(790.0) |
|
Office of the Inspector General |
(95.6) |
(97.3) |
(101.0) |
(105.0) |
(110.6) |
(118.0) |
(139.0) |
(139.0) |
(139.0) |
(139.0) |
|
U.S. Parole Commission |
13.3 |
13.3 |
13.0 |
13.3 |
13.5 |
14.2 |
14.6 |
14.0 |
14.0 |
13.0 |
|
Legal Activities |
3,353.8 |
3,386.6 |
3,329.4 |
3,443.4 |
3,578.9 |
3,648.3 |
4,140.8 |
4,010.7 |
3,969.7 |
3,906.7 |
|
General legal activities |
(897.5) |
(897.5) |
(904.0) |
(920.0) |
(960.0) |
(1,009.7) |
(1,138.0) |
(1,090.0) |
(1,090.0) |
(900.0) |
|
U.S. Attorneys |
(2,035.0) |
(2,136.8) |
(2,212.0) |
(2,257.5) |
(2,342.2) |
(2,424.9) |
(2,632.0) |
(2,611.0) |
(2,611.0) |
(2,621.0) |
|
(421.3) |
(352.3) |
(213.4) |
(265.8) |
(276.8) |
(213.7) |
(370.8) |
(309.7) |
(268.7) |
(385.7) |
|
|
U.S. Marshals Service |
2,713.5 |
2,903.4 |
3,081.7 |
3,327.5 |
3,682.6 |
3,728.3 |
3,852.8 |
3,807.0 |
3,955.0 |
3,976.0 |
|
National Security Division |
96.0 |
101.0 |
101.4 |
110.0 |
117.5 |
121.8 |
133.5 |
128.0 |
128.0 |
117.2 |
|
Interagency Law Enforcement |
517.0 |
542.9 |
560.0 |
550.5 |
550.5 |
550.5 |
550.5 |
547.0 |
547.0 |
300.0 |
|
Federal Bureau of Investigation |
9,006.4 |
9,421.4 |
9,577.1 |
9,972.9 |
10,493.8 |
10,961.9 |
11,343.2 |
10,673.7 |
10,690.4 |
10,624.5 |
|
Drug Enforcement Administration |
2,103.0 |
2,201.8 |
2,267.0 |
2,294.2 |
2,386.3 |
2,421.5 |
2,563.1 |
2,567.0 |
2,567.0 |
2,580.3 |
|
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives |
1,258.6 |
1,293.8 |
1,316.7 |
1,400.0 |
1,483.9 |
1,531.1 |
1,747.0 |
1,625.0 |
1,625.0 |
1,585.0 |
|
Federal Prison System |
7,141.5 |
7,328.3 |
7,545.1 |
7,880.7 |
8,138.1 |
8,102.7 |
8,685.3 |
8,575.1 |
8,639.8 |
8,382.5 |
|
Office of Violence Against Women (OVW) |
67.5h |
78.5h |
—i |
700.0 |
633.0j |
633.0k |
620.0l |
|||
|
Office of Justice Programs (OJP) |
1,705.8 |
2,169.3 |
2,218.8 |
3,282.8 |
2,485.8 |
3,075.0 |
3,341.6 |
3,403.9 |
2,928.8 |
3,346.8 |
|
Research, Evaluation, and Statistics |
(89.0) |
(90.0) |
(80.0) |
(79.0) |
(82.0) |
(70.0) |
(77.0) |
(65.0) |
(65.0) |
(55.0) |
|
State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance |
(1,280.5) |
(1,680.0) |
(1,723.0) |
(2,742.0) |
(1,914.0) |
(2,493.0) |
(2,696.8) |
(2,755.1) |
(2,280.0) |
(2,680.0) |
|
Juvenile Justice Programs |
(247.0) |
(282.5) |
(287.0) |
(320.0) |
(346.0) |
(360.0) |
(400.0) |
(375.0) |
(375.0) |
(375.0) |
|
Public Safety Officers Benefits |
(89.3) |
(116.8) |
(128.8) |
(141.8) |
(143.8) |
(152.0) |
(167.8) |
(208.8) |
(208.8) |
(236.8) |
|
Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) |
221.5 |
275.5 |
303.5 |
343.0 |
386.0 |
531.7 |
682.9 |
684.5 |
437.2 |
820.0 |
|
DOJ Subtotal |
28,962.5 |
30,384.0 |
31,184.1 |
33,612.2 |
34,393.9 |
35,793.8 |
39,033.2 |
37,819.9 |
37,294.4 |
37,379.4 |
|
Science Agencies |
||||||||||
|
Office of Science and Technology Policy |
5.6 |
5.5 |
5.5 |
5.5 |
5.5 |
6.6 |
8.0 |
8.0 |
8.0 |
8.0 |
|
National Space Council |
— |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
— |
|
National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
19,762.3 |
20,817.4 |
21,500.0 |
22,689.0 |
23,271.3 |
24,362.7 |
25,573.1 |
24,875.0 |
25,578.5 |
24,438.3 |
|
National Science Foundation |
7,472.2 |
7,783.7 |
8,075.0 |
8,354.3 |
8,486.8 |
8,863.0 |
9,876.4 |
9,060.0 |
9,060.0 |
8,750.0 |
|
Science Agencies Subtotal |
27,240.1 |
28,608.6 |
29,582.5 |
31,050.8 |
31,765.5 |
33,234.3 |
35,459.5 |
33,944.9 |
34,648.5 |
33,196.3 |
|
Related Agencies |
||||||||||
|
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights |
9.2 |
9.7 |
10.1 |
10.5 |
12.5 |
13.0 |
14.4 |
14.4 |
14.4 |
14.4 |
|
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission |
364.5 |
379.5 |
379.5 |
389.5 |
404.5 |
420.0 |
455.0 |
455.0 |
455.0 |
435.4 |
|
International Trade Commission |
91.5 |
93.7 |
95.0 |
99.4 |
103.0 |
110.0 |
122.4 |
122.0 |
122.0 |
122.0 |
|
Legal Services Corporation |
385.0 |
425.0 |
430.0 |
490.0 |
465.0 |
529.0 |
580.0 |
560.0 |
560.0 |
540.0 |
|
Marine Mammal Commission |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
3.8 |
4.2 |
4.5 |
4.5 |
4.5 |
4.3 |
|
U.S. Trade Representative |
47.0 |
57.6 |
53.0 |
104.0 |
55.0 |
56.0 |
61.0 |
59.0 |
59.0 |
65.0 |
|
Trade Enforcement Trust Fund |
15.0 |
15.0 |
15.0 |
55.0 |
15.0 |
15.0 |
15.0 |
15.0 |
15.0 |
23.0 |
|
State Justice Institute |
5.1 |
5.1 |
6.0 |
6.6 |
7.0 |
7.2 |
7.6 |
7.6 |
7.6 |
7.6 |
|
Commission on the State of the U.S. Olympics and Paralympics |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
2.0 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
Related Agencies Subtotal |
920.8 |
989.1 |
992.1 |
1,158.6 |
1,065.8 |
1,156.4 |
1,259.9 |
1,237.5 |
1,237.5 |
1,211.7 |
|
Total Appropriation |
66,360.3 |
72,119.0 |
74,068.1 |
82,954.5 |
79,464.4 |
130,558.1 |
89,921.8 |
84,929.7 |
87,221.2 |
84,810.9 |
|
Rescission of Unobligated Balances |
-1,142.3 |
-661.1 |
-1,060.8 |
-364.0 |
-425.0 |
-516.8 |
-1,370.8 |
-13,663.3 |
-10,300.0 |
-709.2 |
Sources: FY2017 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 115-31, printed in the May 3, 2017, Congressional Record (pp. H3365-H3390); FY2018 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 115-141, printed in the March 22, 2018, Congressional Record (pp. H2084-H2115), and P.L. 115-123; FY2019 enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept. 116-9; FY2020 enacted amounts were taken from the explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 116-93, published in the December 17, 2019, Congressional Record (pp. H10961-H10989) and the text of P.L. 116-113 and P.L. 116-136; FY2021 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 116-260, printed in the December 21, 2020, Congressional Record (pp. H7951-H7966) and the text of P.L. 116-260 and P.L. 117-2; FY2022 enacted amounts were taken from the text of the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 117-103, printed in the March 9, 2022, Congressional Record (pp. H1772-H1865) and the text of P.L. 117-169; FY2023 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 117-328, printed in the December 20, 2022, Congressional Record (pp. S7898-S8029) and the text of P.L. 117-58, P.L. 117-159, P.L. 117-180, and P.L. 117-328; FY2024 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 118-42, printed in the March 5, 2024, Congressional Record (pp. S1398-S1416), and the text of P.L. 117-58 and P.L. 117-159; FY2025 enacted amounts were taken from the report to accompany the Senate committee-reported FY2026 CJS appropriations bill (S. 2354) and the text of P.L. 117-58, P.L. 117-159, and P.L. 118-158; FY2026 enacted amounts were taken from the explanatory statement to accompany the FY2026 CJS Appropriations Act and the text of P.L. 117-58 and P.L. 117-159.
Notes: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding. Amounts include all supplemental appropriations. Amounts also include all rescission of current-year budget authority, but they do not include rescissions of a prior year's unobligated balances. Amounts in parentheses are subaccounts and not offsets.
a. This amount includes both the amount for the Commerce Department's departmental management and the Office of the Inspector General.
b. Prior to FY2024, this was called the "General Administration, Salaries and Expenses" account.
c. Includes $5 million in funding provided through a general provision for a use of force database as required by Executive Order 13929.
d. "Other" includes subaccounts for the Antitrust Division, Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund, U.S. Trustee System Fund, Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, Fees and Expenses of Witnesses, Community Relations Service, and the Asset Forfeiture Fund.
e. This amount does not include a $326 million transfer from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW per P.L. 115-31.
f. Per P.L. 115-141, $492 million was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW.
g. Per P.L. 116-6, $498 million was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW.
h. This amount does not include a $435 million transfer from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW per P.L. 116-93.
i. Per P.L. 117-103, $575 million was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW.
j. Per P.L. 118-47, $80 million was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW.
k. Per P.L. 119-4, $80 million was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW.
l. Per P.L. 119-74, $100 million was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW.
|
Area of Expertise |
Name |
|
OJP, COPS, BOP, FBI, U.S. Marshals |
Nathan James |
|
Juvenile Justice, OVW, Crime Victims Fund |
Nathan Kemper |
|
DEA |
Lisa N. Sacco |
|
U.S. Attorneys, ATF |
Jordan B. Cohen |
|
Trade-related agencies: ITA, ITC, USTR |
M. Angeles Villarreal |
|
BIS |
Christopher Casey |
|
EDA, MBDA |
Julie Lawhorn |
|
Census Bureau, ESA |
Taylor R. Knoedl |
|
NIST, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office |
Emily G. Blevins |
|
NOAA |
Eva Lipiec |
|
NASA, National Space Council |
Rachel Lindbergh |
|
NSF |
Laurie Harris |
|
NTIA |
Ling Zhu |
|
Legal Services Corporation |
Libby Perl |
| 1. |
The science agencies funded in the CJS bill are not the only federal science agencies. |
| 2. |
U.S. Department of Commerce, "About Commerce: Mission," https://www.commerce.gov/page/about-commerce#mission. |
| 3. |
U.S. Department of Commerce, "About Commerce: Mission," https://www.commerce.gov/page/about-commerce#mission. |
| 4. |
U.S. Department of Justice, "About DOJ," https://www.justice.gov/about. |
| 5. |
National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-282). |
| 6. |
Executive Order 12881, issued November 23, 1993, established the National Science and Technology Council. |
| 7. |
Executive Order 13539, issued October 22, 2019, established the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. |
| 8. |
The National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (P.L. 81-507). |
| 9. |
National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-568). |
| 10. |
For more information on FY2025 appropriations for CJS, see CRS Report R48134, Overview of FY2025 Appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS). |
| 11. |
For more information on advance appropriations, see CRS Report R43482, Advance Appropriations, Forward Funding, and Advance Funding: Concepts, Practice, and Budget Process Considerations. |