Congressional Research Service

SUMMARY

Farm Bills: Major Legislative Actions, 1965- 2024

The farm bill provides an opportunity for Congress to address agricultural and food issues comprehensively about every five years. Over time, farm bills have tended to become more complicated and politically sensitive. As a result, the timeline for reauthorization has become less certain. Beginning in 2008, farm bills have been subject to various developments that have delayed enactment, such as insufficient votes to pass the House floor, presidential vetoes, and extensions.

In the 118^th Congress, the 2018 farm bill (the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, P.L. 115-334) expired on September 30, 2023, and with the 2023 crop year (crops harvested in 2023). On November 19, 2023, Congress enacted a one-year extension (P.L. 118-22, Division B, §102) of the 2018 farm bill. On May 23, 2024, the House Agriculture Committee passed H.R. 8467, the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, by a vote of 33-21. The committee adopted 25 amendments during markup and rejected four amendments. Eighteen amendments were offered and withdrawn. On November 18, 2024, the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry chair introduced a farm bill, S. 5335. On December 21, 2024, Congress enacted a second one-year extension (P.L. 118-158, Division D) of the 2018 farm bill. The latest extension continues authorizations until September 30, 2025, and for the 2025 crop year.

The 2018 farm bill took eight months from introduction to passage and failed initially by vote in the House. By comparison, the 2014 farm bill took more than 21 months from introduction to enactment, failed by vote in the House, and spanned the 112^th and 113^th Congresses, including a one-year extension. The 2008 farm bill took more than a year to enact and was complicated by revenue provisions from another committee of jurisdiction, temporary extensions, and vetoes.

Most farm bills have been introduced in the first session of a two-year Congress (the odd-numbered year). Three of the farm bills that were introduced in the second session—the 1970, 1990, and 2018 farm bills—were enacted during a lame duck Congress of the same year. The 2014 farm bill was the first farm bill to start in one Congress (2012), remain unfinished, and require reintroduction in a subsequent Congress.

This report examines the major legislative milestones for the last 12 farm bills.

R45210

December 26, 2024

Jim Monke Specialist in Agricultural Policy

Farm Bills: Major Legislative Actions, 1965-2024

Congressional Research Service 1

he farm bill provides an opportunity for Congress to address agricultural and food issues comprehensively about every five years.¹ Over time, farm bills have tended to become more complicated and politically sensitive. This has made the timeline for reauthorization

less certain. Recent farm bills have been subject to developments that have delayed enactment, such as insufficient votes to pass the House floor, presidential vetoes, and extensions.

During the 118^th Congress in 2023, no committee markups were held to reauthorize the 2018 farm bill (the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, P.L. 115-334). The 2018 farm bill expired on September 30, 2023, and with the 2023 crop year (crops harvested in 2023).² On November 19, 2023, Congress enacted a one-year extension (P.L. 118-22, Division B, §102) of the 2018 farm bill.

On May 23, 2024, the House Agriculture Committee passed H.R. 8467, the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, by a vote of 33-21, after it had been introduced on May 21, 2024. Out of 59 amendments proposed, the committee adopted 25 amendments during markup, of which 19 were in an en bloc amendment; six other amendments were adopted by voice vote, one of which had a second-degree amendment adopted by a recorded vote.³ Four amendments failed by recorded vote. Eighteen amendments were offered and withdrawn after some discussion; 12 amendments were not offered.⁴ On November 18, 2024, the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry chair introduced a farm bill, S. 5335. The Senate committee took no further action on this bill.

On December 21, 2024, Congress enacted a second one-year extension (P.L. 118-158, Division D) of the 2018 farm bill. The latest extension continues the authorizations that were in effect on September 30, 2024, as extended, until September 30, 2025, and for the 2025 crop year.

This report examines the major legislative milestones for the last 12 farm bills over 58 years, a period representing modern farm bills with growing complexity. Table 1 contains a history of major legislative action on farm bills since 1965. Figure 1 shows the major dates on a timeline.

Timelines for Enactment, Extension, and Vetoes

The shortest farm bill debate in the past six decades was related to the 1973 farm bill, which was enacted less than three months after being introduced. In contrast, the 2014 farm bill took more than 21 months from introduction to enactment, spanning two Congresses.⁵ The House initially rejected a farm bill in 2013 and then passed separate farm and nutrition assistance components— the first time a chamber-passed farm bill did not include a nutrition title since 1973. The House later procedurally recombined them for conference with the Senate.

During the last reauthorization in 2018, the legislative timeline began with markup in the House Agriculture Committee in April 2018. An initial floor vote in May failed by 198-213, but procedures allowed that vote to be reconsidered (H.Res. 905). The House passed its bill in a second vote of 213-211 in June 2018. In the Senate, the Agriculture Committee reported its bill in

1 See CRS In Focus IF12047, Farm Bill Primer: Background and Status.

2 See CRS Report R47659, Expiration of the 2018 Farm Bill and Extension for 2024.

3 U.S. House of Representatives Committee Repository, “H.R. 8467 (118th Congress), The Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024,” at https://docs.house.gov/Committee/Calendar/ByEvent.aspx?EventId=117371.

4 Ryan Hanrahan, “House Ag Committee Advances Contentious Farm Bill,” farmdoc, May 24, 2024, at https:// farmpolicynews.illinois.edu/2024/05/house-ag-committee-advances-contentious-farm-bill.

5 These dates span only the official introduction of a bill marked up by committee until the President signed the bill. They do not include background hearings before committee markup, which would extend the timeline.

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Timeline Relative to Fiscal Years

Enacting farm bills after the end of the final fiscal year for which programs have been authorized has been a common occurrence. In the past 42 years covering the nine farm bills since 1976— when the federal government began using a fiscal year that began on October 1⁷—only the 1977 and 2002 farm bills were enacted before the September 30 expiration date for programs that would have been affected by the fiscal year.⁸

The 1981, 1985, 1990, and 2018 farm bills were enacted within three months after the final fiscal year for which programs were authorized ended. The 1996 farm bill was enacted in April 1996 following the September 30, 1995, expiration of some of the authorizations in the 1990 farm bill.⁹ The 2008 and 2014 farm bills were enacted well after their original September 30 expirations and following the enactment of extensions.

Expiration at the end of a fiscal year (September 30) matters for programs with fiscal year authorizations. These programs include certain nutrition, conservation, and trade programs; various agricultural programs, excluding the Title I commodity programs; and many authorizations for discretionary appropriations. The consequences of expiration of a farm bill are discussed in other CRS reports.¹⁰

Timeline Relative to Calendar Years

Ten of the thirteen farm bills since 1965 were enacted before December 31 in the year of their expirations. The exceptions were extensions enacted for 2008, 2013, and 2024 because action had not been completed the previous year (see “Short-Term Extensions” below).¹¹ The 2018 farm bill was the first time since before 1965 that both chambers completed floor action before the end of June.

Expiration at the end of a calendar year matters mostly for the dairy program, one of the farm commodity programs in Title I of recent farm bills. The farm commodity programs are tied to crop years—that is, the year in which a crop is harvested—and dairy is the first commodity that would be affected by reverting to “permanent law,” since its crop year begins on January 1 after the year of expiration.¹²

7 The federal fiscal year changed in 1976. A “transition quarter” was added to move the beginning of the fiscal year from July 1 to October 1. See Office of Management and Budget, Historical Tables: Budget of the U.S. Government.

8 Before the 1973 farm bill, which was the first to incorporate reauthorization of the food stamp program that had a fiscal year expiration, the focus of the farm bill was the farm commodity programs that operated by crop years.

9 While the 1996 farm bill was not pressured by the expiration of farm commodity programs in the 1990 farm bill— since budget reconciliation in 1993 had extended them through the 1996 and 1997 crop years—some of the original FY1995 expiration dates for food stamps, certain conservation programs, and various authorizations of appropriations continued unchanged and had not been extended by the reconciliation act.

10 For example, see explanations in CRS Report R47659, Expiration of the 2018 Farm Bill and Extension for 2024.

11 The 1965 farm bill was extended for one year, but that extension occurred more than a year before expiration and before the reauthorization process had begun in 1970. The 1996 and 2002 farm bills may appear to have been delayed by being reintroduced (1996) or going through the new year into May (2002), but their predecessors did not require extensions. The 1990 farm bill’s original expiration date of the end of the 1995 crop year had less of an effect on the 1996 farm bill’s timeline because budget reconciliation in 1993 had extended the farm commodity programs through at least 1996 and, in some cases, the 1997 crops. The 2002 farm bill was enacted before the 1996 farm bill expired on September 30, 2002, and before the 2002 crop year ended. In fact, the 2002 farm bill superseded the last year of the 1996 farm bill by beginning with the 2002 crop year.

12 Permanent law refers to non-expiring farm commodity programs that are generally from the 1938 and 1949 farm (continued...)

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Timeline Relative to the Two-Year Congressional Term

Since 1965, 8 out of 12 enacted farm bills were introduced in the first session of a two-year Congress (the odd-numbered year). The other four (1970, 1990, 2014, and 2018) were introduced in the second session of a two-year Congress (the even-numbered year).¹³

Of the four farm bills introduced in a second session, three (the 1970, 1990, and 2018 farm bills) were enacted during a lame duck Congress (after an election) in November and December of the same year. The 2014 farm bill, which was introduced in 2012, was the first farm bill to start in one Congress, remain unfinished, and require reintroduction in a subsequent Congress.

House or Senate Action First

There is no rule dictating which chamber initiates farm bill action. Since 1965, the Senate was first to mark up farm bills in 1973, 1977, 1981, 2012, and 2013. The House was first to mark up bills in 1965, 1970, 1985, 1990, 1995 (and 1996), 2001, 2007, 2018, and 2024.

Short-Term Extensions

Extensions of a prior farm bill while its successor is being written had been atypical but are now common in three of the past four reauthorizations (extensions during 2008, 2013, 2024, and 2024). Historically, only the 2002, 2008, and 2018 farm bills have required extensions.

When the 2002 farm bill expired, portions of it were extended six times for less than a year total beginning in December 2007 (Figure 1, Table 1).¹⁴

When the 2008 farm bill expired, the entire farm bill was extended in January 2013 for all of FY2013 and the 2013 crop year.¹⁵

While the 2014 farm bill was technically expired from October 1 until the 2018 farm bill was enacted in February 2018, a continuing resolution for appropriations continued many operations, though some new program activity had ceased.¹⁶ No extension was required.

In 2023, because no markups or floor action occurred to reauthorize the farm bill, Congress enacted a one-year extension in November 2023. A second one-year extension of the 2018 farm bill became necessary at the end of the 118^th Congress.

bills. The temporary suspension of permanent law is included as a section in all recent farm bills. If the suspension of permanent law were to expire at the end of a crop year, the permanent law provisions would take effect unless a new farm bill, or an extension of the most recent bill, continues the suspension. For more details about permanent law and its consequences, see the heading on permanent law in CRS Report R47659, Expiration of the 2018 Farm Bill and Extension for 2024.

13 This counts 2012 as the introduction of what became the 2014 farm bill. Technically, the bill that became the 2014 farm bill (H.R. 2642) was introduced in 2013 (the first session of the 113^th Cong.), but many consider it a reintroduction of the bills started in 2012 (the second session of the 112^th Cong.).

14 CRS Report RL34154, Possible Expiration (or Extension) of the 2002 Farm Bill.

15 CRS Report R42442, Expiration and Extension of the 2008 Farm Bill.

16 CRS Report R45341, Expiration of the 2014 Farm Bill.

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Presidential Vetoes

Presidential vetoes of farm bills are not common. Since 1965, only the 2008 farm bill has been vetoed as stand-alone measure; it was vetoed twice. A 1995 farm bill was vetoed as part of a larger budget reconciliation package.

President George W. Bush vetoed the 2008 farm bill (H.R. 2419). When Congress overrode the veto to enact P.L. 110-234, it accidentally enrolled the law without Title III (the trade title). Congress immediately reintroduced the same bill with the trade title (H.R. 6124). President Bush vetoed this version as well, and Congress again overrode the veto to enact P.L. 110-246, a complete 2008 farm bill that included the trade title. The overrides in 2008 were the only time that a farm bill was enacted as a result of a veto override.

President Clinton vetoed a 1995 budget reconciliation package that included the first version of what became the 1996 farm bill, but the veto was not due to the farm bill itself but rather the controversial nature of the reconciliation bill in which the farm bill was embedded.

Prior to 1965, the first veto of a farm bill was in 1956, when President Eisenhower vetoed H.R. 12 (84^th Congress), the first version of the Agricultural Act of 1956.

Implications for Congress

Farm bill reauthorization has tended to become more complex and engender greater political sensitivity. The process of enacting a new farm bill prior to the expiration of the existing law has become more difficult. As stakeholders in the farm bill have become more diverse, more people are affected by the legislative uncertainty around the farm bill process. This lack of certainty may compound questions about the availability of future program benefits.

Table 1. Major Legislative Actions on Farm Bills, 1965-2024

House Senate Conference Report Approval

Cmte. Passage Cmte. Passage

Conf.

Report

House

Passage

Senate

Passage Public Law

One-year extension

of the 2018 farm bill

Covers 2025 crop or

until 9/30/2025

One-year extension until 9/30/2025 and for the 2025 crop year (dairy price support extended until 12/31/2025). Did not provide funding for programs without mandatory baseline.

12/21/2024

P.L. 118-158,

Division D,

§4101

2024

Farm, Food, and

National Security

Act of 2024

Would cover 2025-

2029 crops or until

9/30/2029

5/23/2024 H.R. 8467

Vote of

33-21

— 11/18/2024

S. 5335

introduced

— — — — —

One-year extension

of the 2018 farm bill

Covers 2024 crop or

until 9/30/2024

One-year extension until 9/30/2024 and for the 2024 crop year (dairy price support extended until 12/31/2024). Provided $177 million of mandatory funding for 19 of the programs without mandatory baseline with an offset.

11/16/2023

P.L. 118-22,

Division B,

§102

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House Senate Conference Report Approval

Cmte. Passage Cmte. Passage

Conf.

Report

House

Passage

Senate

Passage Public Law

2018 farm bill

Agriculture

Improvement Act of

2018

Covers 2019-2023

crops or until

9/30/2023

4/18/2018

H.R. 2

Vote of

26-20

5/3/2018

H.Rept.

115-661

5/18/2018

H.R. 2

Initial vote failed

by 198-213

6/21/2018

Reconsidered

under

H.Res. 905

Passed by vote

of 213-211

6/13/2018

S. 3042 Vote of

20-1

6/28/2018

H.R. 2

Vote of

86-11

12/10/2018

H.Rept.

115-1072

12/12/2018

H.R. 2

Vote of

369-47

12/11/2018

H.R. 2

Vote of

87-13

12/20/2018

P.L. 115-334

2014 farm bill

Agricultural Act of

2014

(113^th Congress)

Covers 2014-2018

crops or until

9/30/2018

5/15/2013 H.R. 1947

Vote of

36-10

5/29/2013

H.Rept.

113-92

6/20/2013 H.R. 1947

Failed by vote

195-234

7/11/2013 H.R. 2642

Farm portion

vote of 216-208

9/19/2013 H.R. 3102

Nutrition part

vote of 217-210

9/28/2013

H.Res. 361

combined

House bills

5/14/2013

S. 954 Vote

of 15-5

9/4/2013

S.Rept. 113-

6/10/2013

S. 954

Vote of

66-27

1/27/2014

H.Rept.

113-333

1/29/2014 H.R. 2642

Vote of

251-166

2/4/2014

H.R. 2642

Vote of

68-32

2/7/2014

P.L. 113-79

One-year extension

of the 2008 farm bill

Covers 2013 crop or

until 9/30/2013

One-year extension until 9/30/2013 and for the 2013 crop year (dairy price support extended until 12/31/2013, and the Milk Income Loss Contract program extended until 9/30/2013). Did not provide funding for programs without mandatory baseline.

1/2/2013

P.L. 112-240

Title VII

Agriculture Reform,

Food, and Jobs Act

(112^th Congress)

7/11/2012 H.R. 6083

Vote of

35-11

9/13/2012

H.Rept.

112-669

— 4/26/2012

S. 3240 Vote of

16-5

8/28/2012

S.Rept. 112-

203

6/21/2012

S. 3240 Vote of

64-35

— — — —

Early partial

extension of the

2008 farm bill

Extended five conservation programs through FY2014 (Agricultural Management Assistance, Conservation Stewardship Program, Environmental Quality Incentives Program, Farmland Protection Program, and Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program).

11/18/2011 P.L. 112-55

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House Senate Conference Report Approval

Cmte. Passage Cmte. Passage

Conf.

Report

House

Passage

Senate

Passage Public Law

2008 farm bill

Food, Conservation,

and Energy Act of

2008

Covers 2008-2012

crops or until

9/30/2012

6/18/2008 H.R. 6124

Passed

over veto

317-109

6/18/2008 H.R. 6124

Passed

over veto

80-14

6/18/2008

P.L. 110-246

Re-passed as new bill

with Title III

5/22/2008

H.R. 6124

Vote of

306-110

6/5/2008

H.R. 6124

Vote of

77-15

6/18/2008

Vetoed

5/21/2008 H.R. 2419

Passed

over veto

316-108

5/22/2008 H.R. 2419

Passed

over veto

82-13

5/22/2008

P.L. 110-234

5/22/2007 H.R. 2419

Introduced

7/23/2007

H.Rept.

110-256

7/27/2007 H.R. 2419

Vote of

231-191

11/2/2007

S. 2302

S.Rept. 110-

220

12/14/2007

Amdt. to

H.R. 2419

Vote of

79-14

5/13/2008

H.Rept.

110-627

5/14/2008 H.R. 2419

Vote of

318-106

5/15/2008 H.R. 2419

Vote of

81-15

5/21/2008

Vetoed

Enrolling

error omitted

Title III

Short-term

extension of the

2002 farm bill

Continued extension until 5/23/2008. 5/18/2008

P.L. 110-231

Short-term

extension

Continued extension until 5/16/2008. 5/2/2008

P.L. 110-208

Short-term

extension

Continued extension until 5/2/2008. 4/25/2008

P.L. 110-205

Short-term

extension

Continued extension until 4/25/2008. 4/18/2008

P.L. 110-200

Short-term

extension

Continued extension until 4/18/2008 and added extension of suspension of permanent law. 3/14/2008

P.L. 110-196

Short-term

extension of the

2002 farm bill

Extended parts of the 2002 farm bill until 3/15/2008 but did not extend the direct and counter- cyclical farm commodity programs.

12/26/2007

P.L. 110-161

Division A,

§751

Early partial

extension of the

2002 farm bill during

budget

reconciliation

Extended the early-expiring Milk Income Loss Contract program for two years from 9/2005 through 8/2007 and two conservation programs (Environmental Quality Incentives Program and Conservation Security Program) until FY2010.

2/8/2006

P.L. 109-171

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House Senate Conference Report Approval

Cmte. Passage Cmte. Passage

Conf.

Report

House

Passage

Senate

Passage Public Law

2002 farm bill

Farm Security and

Rural Investment

Act

Covers 2002-2007

crops or until

9/30/2007

7/26/2001 H.R. 2646

8/2/2001

H.Rept.

107-191

10/5/2001 H.R. 2646

Vote of

291-120

11/27/2001

S. 1731

12/7/2001

S.Rept. 107-

117

2/13/2002

Amdt. to

H.R. 2646

Vote of

58-40

5/1/2002

H.Rept.

107-424

5/2/2002

H.R. 2646

Vote of

280-141

5/8/2002

H.R. 2646

Vote of 64-

5/13/2002

P.L. 107-171

1996 farm bill

Federal Agriculture

Improvement and

Reform Act of 1996

Covers 1996-2002

crops or until

9/30/2002

1/5/1996

H.R. 2854

introduced

Vote of

29-17

2/9/1996

H.Rept.

104-462

2/29/1996 H.R. 2854

Vote of

270-155

1/26/1996

S. 1541

introduced

2/7/1996

S. 1541 Vote of

64-32

3/12/1996

Amdt. to

H.R. 2854

Voice vote

3/25/1996

H.Rept.

104-494

3/29/1996 H.R. 2854

Vote of

318-89

3/28/1996 H.R. 2854

Vote of

74-26

4/4/1996

P.L. 104-127

Balanced Budget

Act of 1995, Title I

(Agricultural

Reconciliation Act

of 1995)

10/26/1995

H.R. 2491

includes

H.R. 2195

10/26/1995

H.R. 2491 Vote

of 227-203

10/28/1995

S. 1357

includes

Senate bill

10/28/1995

Amdt. to

H.R. 2491

Vote of

52-47

11/16/1995

H.Rept.

104-347

11/20/1995

H.R. 2491

Vote of

235-192

11/17/1995

H.R. 2491

Vote of

52-47

12/6/1995

Vetoed

Freedom to Farm

Act

8/4/1995

H.R. 2195

introduced

9/20/1995 fails cmte.

— 9/28/1995

unnumber-

ed bill

— — — — —

Early partial

extension of the

1990 farm bill

More than a year before expiration, extended the dairy program until 1996 and extended programs for wheat, feed grains, cotton, rice, peanuts, wool, and mohair until 1997 and honey until 1998.

8/10/1993

P.L. 103-66

1990 farm bill

Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990

Covers 1991-1995

crops or until

9/30/1995

2/5/1990

H.R. 3950

introduced

7/3/1990

H.Rept.

101-569

8/1/1990

H.R. 3950

Vote of

327-91

7/6/1990

S. 2830

S.Rept. 101-

357

7/27/1990

S. 2830 Vote of

70-21

10/22/1990

H.Rept.

101-916

10/23/1990

S. 2830 Vote of

318-102

10/25/1990

S. 2830 Vote of

60-36

11/28/1990

P.L. 101-624

1985 farm bill

Food Security Act of

1985

Covers 1986-1990

crops or until

9/30/1990

4/17/1985 H.R. 2100

introduced

9/13/1985

H.Rept. 99-

271

10/8/1985 H.R. 2100

Vote of

282-141

9/30/1985

S. 1714

S.Rept. 99-

145

11/23/1985

H.R. 2100

Vote of

61-28

12/17/1985

H.Rept. 99-

447

12/18/1985

H.R. 2100

Vote of

325-96

12/18/1985

H.R. 2100

Vote of

55-38

12/23/1985 P.L. 99-198

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House Senate Conference Report Approval

Cmte. Passage Cmte. Passage

Conf.

Report

House

Passage

Senate

Passage Public Law

1981 farm bill

Agriculture and

Food Act of 1981

Covers 1982-1985

crops or until

9/30/1985

5/18/1981 H.R. 3603

introduced

5/19/1981

H.Rept. 97-

106

10/22/1981

S. 884

Vote of

192-160

4/7/1981

S. 884

introduced

5/27/1981

S.Rept. 97-

126

9/18/1981

S. 884

Vote of

49-32

12/9/1981

H.Rept. 97-

377

12/10/1981

S.Rept. 97-

290

12/16/1981

S. 884

Vote of

205-203

12/10/1981

S. 884

Vote of

67-32

12/22/1981

P.L. 97-98

1977 farm bill

Food and

Agriculture Act of

1977

Covers 1978-1981

crops or until

9/30/1981

5/13/1977 H.R. 7171

introduced

5/16/1977

H.Rept. 95-

348

7/28/1977

Amdt. to S. 275

Vote of

294-114

1/18/1977

S. 275

introduced

5/16/1977

S.Rept. 95-

180

5/24/1977

S. 275

Vote of

69-18

9/9/1977

S.Rept. 95-

418

9/16/1977

S. 275

Vote of

283-107

9/9/1977

S. 275

Vote of

63-8

9/29/1977

P.L. 95-113

1973 farm bill

Agriculture and

Consumer

Protection Act

Covers 1974-1977

crops or until

6/30/1977

6/20/1973 H.R. 8860

introduced

6/27/1973

H.Rept. 93-

337

7/19/1973

Amdt. to S.

1888

Vote of

226-182

5/23/1973

S. 1888

introduced S.Rept. 93-

173

6/8/1973

S. 1888 Vote of

78-9

7/31/1973

H.Rept. 93-

427

8/3/1973

S. 1888 Vote of

252-151

7/31/1973

S. 1888 Vote of

85-7

8/10/1973 P.L. 93-86

1970 farm bill

Agricultural Act of

1970

Covers 1971-1973

crops

7/23/1970

H.R. 18546

H.Rept. 91-

1329

8/5/1970

H.R. 18546

Vote of

212-171

9/4/1970 Amdt. to

H.R. 18546

S.Rept. 91-

1154

9/15/1970

Amdt. to

H.R. 18546

Vote of

65-7

10/9/1970

H.Rept. 91-

1594

10/13/1970 H.R. 18546

Vote of

191-145

11/19/1970 H.R. 18546

Vote of

48-35

11/30/1970 P.L. 91-524

Early extension of

the 1965 farm bill

More than a year before expiration, extended the farm bill for one-year until 12/31/1970. 10/11/1968 P.L. 90-559

1965 farm bill

Food and

Agricultural Act Covers 1966-1969

crops

7/20/1965 H.R. 9811

H.Rept. 89-

631

8/19/1965 H.R. 9811

Vote of

221-172

9/7/1965 Amdt. to

H.R. 9811

S.Rept. 89-

687

9/14/1965

Amdt. to

H.R. 9811

Vote of

72-22

10/6/1965

H.Rept. 89-

1123

10/8/1965 H.R. 9811

Vote of

219-150

10/12/1965

H.R. 9811

Voice vote

11/4/1965

P.L. 89-321

Source: CRS. Notes: Includes only major legislative actions. Excludes subsequent revisions, such as in budget reconciliation, except for extensions as noted. Rows are sorted by date of the Public Law column.

Farm Bills: Major Legislative Actions, 1965- 2024

Updated December 26, 2024

SUMMARY

Farm Bills: Major Legislative Actions, 1965- 2024

R45210

Contents

Figures

Tables

Contacts

Timelines for Enactment, Extension, and Vetoes

T

Timeline Relative to Fiscal Years

Timeline Relative to Calendar Years

Timeline Relative to the Two-Year Congressional Term

House or Senate Action First

Short-Term Extensions

Presidential Vetoes

Implications for Congress

Author Information

Disclaimer