This report provides an overview of existing or recently passed state laws prohibiting or limiting abortion prior to 24 weeks' gestational age. It also identifies "trigger laws" that generally prohibit abortion that went into effect, either automatically or following action by a state official, when the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, as well as new laws passed since June 24, 2022.
The Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization overruled Roe v. Wade, providing states with greater discretion to restrict abortion access, including by limiting abortion prior to fetal viability.1 This report provides an overview of existing or recently passed state laws prohibiting or limiting abortion prior to 24 weeks' gestational age, which for many years was considered the point of viability, though medical advancements may have moved that point earlier.2 The report identifies "trigger laws" that generally prohibit abortion that went into effect, either automatically or following action by a state official, when the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade. It also includes new laws passed since June 24, 2022, when the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade. This report does not address any exceptions to these restrictions, such as in the case of a medical emergency, rape or incest, or restrictions to specific methods of abortion, such as medication abortion. Links to the full text of statutes listed in this report are available through the Law Librarians' Society of Washington, DC, Legislative Sourcebook.3
Some states appear multiple times in the tables. In some instances, laws may have been enjoined or been ruled unconstitutional, but have not been repealed and removed from state codes. For example, some historical laws that were ruled unconstitutional under Roe were never repealed.4 In some cases, multiple, overlapping laws may have been intentionally or unintentionally passed by state legislatures.5 Additionally, some recently repealed statutes have been included for informational purposes.
As mentioned above, some of the laws below may not currently be in effect due to court injunctions. Some prosecutors have also indicated they intend to use their discretion whether to enforce the laws at the local level.6
CRS searched the Lexis+ subscription database for state laws or recent state legislation (passed between September 1, 2021, and December 10, 2024) that prohibit or limit abortion prior to 24 weeks.
While CRS made every attempt to be comprehensive in its search and review, this report may not have captured some relevant statutes. For example, due to variations in database search functionalities, other versions of the state statutes may retrieve different results. Also, this survey may not contain very recent laws passed by the state legislatures or enacted provisions that are not codified yet, or that were not contained in the Lexis+ legislation database.
Table 1. Laws Prohibiting Abortion Regardless of Gestational Age
This table includes historical laws passed prior to Roe v. Wade, post-Roe laws including "trigger" laws that were contingent upon Roe v. Wade being overturned, and post-Dodds laws passed since June 24, 2022
|
State |
Type |
Law Code |
Notes |
|
Alabama |
Pre-Roe Law |
Ala. Code § 13A-13-7. |
|
|
Post-Roe Law |
Ala. Code § 26-23H-4. |
See also Table 7. |
|
|
<del>Arizona</del> |
<del>Pre-</del><del>Roe</del><del> Law</del> |
<del>Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-3603. </del> Repealed by 2024 Ariz. Sess. Laws ch. 181. |
Repeal became effective on September 14, 2024, according to the Arizona Attorney General. |
|
Arkansas |
Pre-Roe Law |
Ark. Code Ann. § 5-61-102. |
|
|
Post-Roe "Trigger" Law |
Ark. Code Ann. § 5-61-304. |
Became active following certification by the attorney general that the Supreme Court had overruled Roe v. Wade. Contingency at 2019 Ark. Acts No. 180, § 2. (The state attorney general issued this certification on June 24, 2022.) |
|
|
Post-Roe Law |
Ark. Code Ann. § 5-61-404, enacted by 2021 Ark. Acts No. 309, § 1. |
||
|
Idaho |
Post-Roe "Trigger" Law |
Idaho Code § 18-622, enacted by 2020 Idaho Sess. Laws 827, amended by 2023 Idaho Sess. Laws 906, 907, § 2. |
Became active 30 days after the Supreme Court restored state authority to prohibit abortion. |
|
Indiana |
Post-Dodds Law |
Ind. Code Ann. § 16-34-2-1, amended by 2022 Ind. Acts 2595. |
Effective September 15, 2022. |
|
Kentucky |
Post-Roe "Trigger" Law |
Ky. Rev. Stat. § 311.772. |
|
|
Louisiana |
Post-Roe "Trigger" Law |
La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 40:1061, amended by 2022 La. Acts No. 545 and 2022 La. Acts No. 548. |
|
|
<del>Michigan</del> |
<del>Pre-</del><del>Roe</del><del> Law</del> |
<del>Mich. Comp. Laws Serv. </del><del>§ 7</del><del>50.14.</del> Repealed by 2023 Mich. Pub. Acts No. 11. |
On November 8, 2022, Michigan voters approved Proposal 22-3 to amend the state's constitution; the amendment establishes a "right to reproductive freedom" and allows for abortion until fetal viability. The amendment went into effect 45 days after the date of the election. See Mich. Comp. Laws Serv. Const. Art. I, § 28. |
|
Mississippi |
Pre-Roe Law |
Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-3. |
|
|
Post-Roe "Trigger" Law |
Miss. Code Ann. § 41-41-45. |
Became active 10 days after the attorney general published a determination that the Supreme Court had overruled Roe v. Wade. (The state attorney general issued this certification on June 27, 2022.) |
|
|
<del>Missouri</del> |
<del>Post-</del><del>Roe</del><del> "Trigger" Law</del> |
<del>Mo. Rev. Stat. § 188.017.</del> |
On November 5, 2024, Missouri voters approved Amendment 3 to amend the state's constitution; the amendment establishes a "right to reproductive freedom" and allows for abortion until fetal viability. The amendment took effect 30 days after the date of the election, on December 5, 2024. |
|
North Dakota |
<del>Post-Roe "Trigger" Law</del> |
<del>N.D. Cent. Code </del><del>§ 1</del><del>2.1-31-12.</del> Repealed by 2023 N.D. Laws ch. 122, § 11. |
<del>N.D. Cent. Code </del><del>§ 1</del><del>2.1-31-12 becomes</del><del> </del><del>active 30 days after the attorney general certifies that the Supreme Court has overruled </del><del>Roe v. Wade</del><del>. (The state attorney general provided this </del><del>certification</del><del> on June 28, 2022.)</del> |
|
Post-Dobbs Law |
N.D. Cent. Code § 12.1-19.1-02, enacted by 2023 N.D. Laws ch. 122, § 1. |
||
|
Oklahoma |
Pre-Roe Law |
Okla. Stat. tit. 21, § 861. |
|
|
Post-Roe "Trigger" Law |
Okla. Stat. tit. 63, § 1-731.4. Conditional repeal of Oklahoma abortion laws in S.B. 918, 58th Leg., 1st Reg. Sess., 2021 Okla. Sess. Laws ch. 308, amended by S.B. 1555, 58th Leg., 1st Reg. Sess., 2022 Okla. Sess. Laws ch. 133, and abortion ban in S.B. 612, 58th Leg., 1st Reg. Sess., 2022 Okla. Sess. Laws ch. 11, § 1. |
Became active after the attorney general certified that the Supreme Court had overruled Roe v. Wade. (The state attorney general issued this certification on June 24, 2022.) |
|
|
Post-Roe Law |
Okla. Stat. tit. 63, § 1-745.52, enacted by H.B. 4327, 58th Leg., 1st Reg. Sess., 2022 Okla. Sess. Laws. ch. 321, § 2. Editorially renumbered from § 1-745.32 to avoid duplication in numbering. |
Law enforced through private civil action, H.B. 4327, 58th Leg., 1st Reg. Sess., 2022 Okla. Sess. Laws. ch. 321, §§ 4-5, codified at Okla. Stat. tit. 63, §§ 1-745.54-.55. Editorially renumbered from § 1-745.34 and .35 to avoid duplication in numbering. |
|
|
South Dakota |
Post-Roe "Trigger" Law |
S.D. Codified Laws § 22-17-5.1. |
Contingency at 2005 S.D. Sess. Laws ch. 188, § 1. See also Table 7. |
|
Tennessee |
Post-Roe "Trigger" Law |
Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-15-213, amended by 2023 Tenn. Pub. Acts ch. 313. |
Became active 30 days after the Supreme Court overruled Roe v. Wade. Contingency at 2019 Tenn. Pub. Acts ch. 351, § 3. |
|
Texas |
Pre-Roe Law |
Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. arts. 4512.1-.4, .6. |
|
|
Post-Roe "Trigger" Law |
Tex. Health & Safety Code § 170A.002. |
Became active 30 days after the Supreme Court overruled Roe v. Wade. Contingency at 2021 Tex. Gen. Laws ch. 800, § 3. |
|
|
Utah |
Post-Roe "Trigger" Law |
Utah Code Ann. § 76-7a-201, amended by H.B. 297, 2023 Gen. Sess., 2023 Utah Laws ch. 158, § 15 and H.B. 467, 2023 Gen. Sess., 2023 Utah Laws ch. 301, § 29, the latter law banning abortions in clinics; to provide abortions, clinics must meet the definition of a hospital under Utah Code Ann. § 76-7-301(7) or § 76-7a-101(5). |
Trigger law became active after the legislative general counsel certified that a court of binding authority had held that a state may prohibit abortion. Contingency at S.B. 174, 2020 Gen. Sess., 2020 Utah Laws ch. 279, § 3. (The legislative general counsel issued this certification on June 24, 2022.) Ban on abortions in clinics effective May 3, 2023. See also Table 6. |
|
West Virginia |
Pre-Roe Law |
W. Va. Code § 61-2-8, amended by H.B. 302, 2022 Leg. 3d Extraordinary Sess., 2022 W. Va. Acts ch. 1. |
Effective September 13, 2022. See also Table 7. |
|
Post-Dodds Law |
W. Va. Code § 16-2R-3, amended by H.B. 302, 2022 Leg. 3d Extraordinary Sess., 2022 W. Va. Acts ch. 1. |
Effective September 13, 2022. |
|
|
Wisconsin |
Pre-Roe Law |
Wis. Stat. Ann. § 940.04. |
See also Table 7. |
|
Wyoming |
<del>Post-</del><del>Roe</del><del> "Trigger" Law</del> |
<del>Wyo. Stat. Ann. </del><del>§ 3</del><del>5-6-102, amended by </del><del>2022 Wyo. Sess. Laws 305</del><del>.</del> Repealed by 2023 Wyo. Sess. Laws 432, 438, § 5. |
Becomes active 5 days after the governor, on advice of the attorney general, certifies that the Supreme Court has overruled Roe v. Wade. (The state governor issued this certification on July 22, 2022.) Repeal effective March 17, 2023 (see note below). |
|
Post-Dodds Law |
Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 35‑6‑123, enacted by 2023 Wyo. Sess. Laws 432. |
On March 17, 2023, Governor Mark Gordon allowed H.B. 152 (2023 Wyo. Sess. Laws 432) to go into law without his signature. |
Source: Based on a search in the Lexis+ subscription database for state laws containing the term abortion as well as state legislation passed between September 1, 2021, and December 10, 2024.
Note: This table includes repealed laws, which are indicated with a <del>strikethrough</del>.
Table 2. Six Weeks or "Heartbeat" Laws
Laws prohibiting abortion after six weeks' gestational age or when cardiac activity has been detected, which is generally six weeks' gestational age
|
State |
Law Code |
Notes |
|
Arkansas |
Ark. Code Ann. § 20-16-1304. |
Prohibits abortion where (1) heartbeat has been detected and (2) gestational age is 12 weeks or greater. |
|
Florida |
Fla. Stat. Ann. § 390.0111, amended by 2023 Fla. Laws ch. 21. |
Law took effect 30 days after a decision by the Florida Supreme Court that the state constitution does not include a right to abortion, or following a Florida Supreme Court decision upholding the previously passed 15-week ban. Contingency at 2023 Fla. Laws ch. 21, § 9. On April 1, 2024, the Florida Supreme Court held that the state constitution does not include a right to abortion, allowing the six-week ban to take effect 30 days later on May 1, 2024. See also Table 5. |
|
Georgia |
Ga. Code Ann. § 16-12-141(b). |
|
|
Idaho |
Idaho Code § 18-8804. |
Idaho also passed legislation enforced through private civil action: Idaho Code § 18-8807, enacted by 2021 Idaho Sess. Laws 867; amended by 2022 Idaho Sess. Laws 368; 2022 Idaho Sess. Laws 532; 2022 Idaho Sess. Laws 535; 2023 Idaho Sess. Laws 603, 608, § 4; and 2023 Idaho Sess. Laws 947, 947, § 2. Effective May 30, 2023. |
|
Iowa |
Iowa Code § 146C.2 and 2023 Iowa Acts ch. 1. |
Iowa enacted a heartbeat prohibition, effective July 14, 2023, which overlaps with an already existing prohibition that was under injunction. See also Table 7. |
|
Kentucky |
Ky. Rev. Stat. § 311.7706. |
|
|
Louisiana |
La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 40:1061.1.3, amended by 2022 La. Acts No. 545. |
|
|
Mississippi |
Miss. Code Ann. § 41-41-34.1. |
|
|
<del>North Dakota</del> |
<del>N.D. Cent. Code </del><del>§ 1</del><del>4-02.1-05.2</del> Repealed by 2023 N.D. Laws ch. 122, § 11. |
|
|
<del>Ohio</del> |
<del>Ohio Rev. Code Ann. </del><del>§ 2</del><del>919.195.</del> |
On November 7, 2023, Ohio voters approved Issue 1 to amend the state's constitution; the amendment establishes a "right to reproductive freedom" and allows for abortion until fetal viability. The amendment went into effect 30 days after the date of the election. See Ohio Const. Art. 1, § 22. See also Table 7. |
|
Oklahoma |
Okla. Stat. tit. 63, § 1-731.3. |
Oklahoma also passed legislation enforced through private civil action: S.B. 1503, 2022 Leg., Reg. Sess., 2022 Okla. Sess. Laws ch. 190, §§ 3-4, 8, codified at Okla. Stat. tit. 63, §§ 1-745.33-.34, .38, |
|
South Carolina |
S.C. Code Ann. § 44-41-630, as amended by 2023 S.C. Acts No. 70. |
See also Table 7. |
|
Tennessee |
Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-15-216(c)(1). |
Includes provisions banning abortion at 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 weeks' gestational age. Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-15-216(c)(2)-(12). |
|
Texas |
Tex. Health & Safety Code § 171.204. |
Source: Based on a search in the Lexis+ subscription database for state laws containing (abortion /s weeks /s (6 OR six)) OR (abortion /p (heartbeat OR cardiac OR pulse)). The same search was performed in Lexis+ for state legislation passed between September 1, 2021, and December 10, 2024.
Notes: See CRS Legal Sidebar LSB10651, The Texas Heartbeat Act (S.B. 8), Whole Woman's Health v. Jackson, and United States v. Texas: Frequently Asked Questions, by Joanna R. Lampe and Jon O. Shimabukuro. This table includes repealed laws, which are indicated with a <del>strikethrough</del>.
|
State |
Law Code |
Notes |
|
<del>Missouri </del> |
<del>Mo. Rev. Stat. § 188.056.</del> |
On November 5, 2024, Missouri voters approved Amendment 3 to amend the state's constitution; the amendment establishes a "right to reproductive freedom" and allows for abortion until fetal viability. The amendment took effect 30 days after the date of the election, on December 5, 2024. |
Source: Based on a search in the Lexis+ subscription database for state laws containing (abortion /s weeks /s (8 OR eight)). The same search was performed in Lexis+ for state legislation passed between September 1, 2021, and December 10, 2024.
Notes: This table includes repealed laws, which are indicated with a <del>strikethrough</del>.
|
State |
Law Code |
Notes |
|
Nebraska |
Neb. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 71-6915, enacted by L.B. 574, 108th Leg., 1st Sess. (Neb. 2023). |
On November 5, 2024, Nebraska voters approved Initiative Measure 434 to amend the state's constitution; the amendment states that "unborn children shall be protected from abortion in the second and third trimesters." This amendment is expected to allow the state's 12-week limit to remain in place. See also Table 7. |
|
North Carolina |
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-21.81A, enacted by 2023 N.C. Sess. Laws No. 2023-14, and amended by 2023 N.C. Sess. Laws. No. 2023-65, part XIV. |
Effective July 1, 2023. See also Table 7. |
Source: Based on a search in the Lexis+ subscription database for state laws containing (abortion /s weeks /s (12 OR twelve)). The same search was performed in Lexis+ for state legislation passed between September 1, 2021, and December 10, 2024.
|
State |
Law Code |
Notes |
|
<del>Arizona</del> |
<del>Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 36-2322, amended by </del><del>2022 Ariz. Sess. Laws ch. 105</del>. |
On November 5, 2024, Arizona voters approved Proposition 139 to amend the state's constitution; the amendment establishes a "right to abortion" and allows for abortion until fetal viability. The amendment took effect following certification of the election by the state governor on November 25, 2024. |
|
<del>Florida</del> |
<del>Fla. Stat. Ann. § 390.0111, amended by </del><del>2022 Fla. Laws ch. 69</del><del>.</del> |
Conditionally repealed by 2023 Fla. Laws ch. 21. On April 1, 2024, the Florida Supreme Court held that the state constitution does not include a right to abortion, triggering the repeal of the fifteen-week ban and allowing the six-week ban to take effect 30 days later on May 1, 2024 See also Table 2. |
|
Kentucky |
Ky. Rev. Stat. § 311.782, amended by 2022 Ky. Acts ch. 210. |
|
|
Louisiana |
La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 14:87.1(16) and 14:87.8, as amended by 2022 La. Acts 545. |
|
|
Mississippi |
Miss. Code Ann. § 41-41-191(4). |
Source: Based on a search in the Lexis+ subscription database for state laws containing (abortion /s weeks /s (15 OR fifteen)). The same search was performed in Lexis+ for state legislation passed between September 1, 2021, and December 10, 2024.
Note: This table includes repealed laws, which are indicated with a <del>strikethrough</del>.
|
State |
Law Code |
Notes |
|
Arkansas |
Ark. Code Ann. § 20-16-2004(b). |
|
|
<del>Missouri</del> |
<del>Mo. Rev. Stat. § 188.058.</del> |
On November 5, 2024, Missouri voters approved Amendment 3 to amend the state's constitution; the amendment establishes a "right to reproductive freedom" and allows for abortion until fetal viability. The amendment took effect 30 days after the date of the election, on December 5, 2024. |
|
Utah |
Utah Code Ann. § 76-7-302(2)(a) Amended by H.B. 467, 2023 Reg. Sess., 2023 Utah Laws ch. 301, § 17. |
See also Table 1. |
Source: Based on a search in the Lexis+ subscription database for state laws containing (abortion /s weeks /s (18 OR eighteen)). The same search was performed in Lexis+ for state legislation passed between September 1, 2021, and December 10, 2024.
Note: This table includes repealed laws, which are indicated with a <del>strikethrough</del>.
Table 7. Twenty or Twenty-Two Weeks
Laws prohibiting abortion after 20 to 22 weeks' gestational age (see notes below)
|
State |
Law Code |
Notes |
|
Alabama |
Ala. Code § 26-23B-5. |
20 weeks' post-fertilization age. See also Table 1. |
|
<del>Arizona</del> |
<del>Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 36-2159.</del> |
20 weeks' gestational age. On November 5, 2024, Arizona voters approved Proposition 139 to amend the state's constitution; the amendment establishes a "right to abortion" and allows for abortion until fetal viability. The amendment took effect following certification of the election by the state governor on November 25, 2024. |
|
Arkansas |
Ark. Code Ann. § 20-16-1405. |
20 weeks' post-fertilization age. |
|
Idaho |
Idaho Code § 18-505. |
20 weeks' post-fertilization age. |
|
Iowa |
Iowa Code § 146B.2. |
20 weeks' post-fertilization age. See also Table 2. |
|
Kansas |
Kan. Stat. Ann. § 65-6724. |
22 weeks' gestational age. |
|
Louisiana |
La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 40:1061.1.2(E), as amended by 2022 La. Acts No. 545. |
20 weeks' post-fertilization age. |
|
Mississippi |
Miss. Code Ann. §§ 41-41-137 & 41-41-141. |
20 weeks' gestational age. |
|
<del>Missouri</del> |
<del>Mo. Rev. Stat. § 188.375.</del> |
20 weeks' gestational age. On November 5, 2024, Missouri voters approved Amendment 3 to amend the state's constitution; the amendment establishes a "right to reproductive freedom" and allows for abortion until fetal viability. The amendment took effect 30 days after the date of the election, on December 5, 2024. |
|
<del>Montana</del> |
<del>Mont. Code Ann. § 50-20-603.</del> |
On November 5, 2024, Montana voters approved Initiative CI-128 to amend the state's constitution; the amendment establishes a "right to abortion" and allows for abortion until fetal viability. 20 weeks' gestational age. |
|
Nebraska |
Neb. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 28-3,106. |
20 weeks' post-fertilization age. See also Table 4. |
|
<del>North Carolina</del> |
<del>N.C. Gen. Stat. </del><del>§ 1</del><del>4-45.1</del> Repealed by 2023 N.C. Sess. Laws No. 2023-14, effective July 1, 2023. |
"the first 20 weeks of a woman's pregnancy." See also Table 4. |
|
<del>North Dakota</del> |
<del>N.D. Cent. Code </del><del>§ 1</del><del>4-02.1-05.3</del> Repealed by 2023 N.D. Laws ch. 122, § 11. |
20 weeks' post-fertilization age. |
|
<del>Ohio</del> |
<del>Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 2919.201.</del> |
20 weeks' post-fertilization age. According to legal analysis by the Ohio Attorney General, "this law would be invalidated" by the amendment of the Ohio constitution approved by voters on November 7, 2023. See also Table 2. |
|
Oklahoma |
Okla. Stat. tit. 63, § 1-745.5. |
20 weeks' post-fertilization age. |
|
South Carolina |
S.C. Code Ann. § 44-41-450. |
20 weeks' post-fertilization age. See also Table 2. |
|
South Dakota |
S.D. Codified Laws §§ 34-23A-69 & 34-23A-70. |
20 weeks' post-fertilization age. See also Table 1. |
|
Tennessee |
Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-15-212. |
20 weeks' gestational age. |
|
Texas |
Tex. Health & Safety Code § 171.044. |
20 weeks' post-fertilization age. |
|
West Virginia |
W. Va. Code §§ 16-2M-2(7) & 16-2M-4. |
22 weeks' gestational age, which is "generally consistent with the time that is twenty weeks after fertilization." See also Table 1. |
|
Wisconsin |
Wis. Stat. Ann. § 253.107. |
20 weeks' post-fertilization age. See also Table 1. |
Source: Based on a search in the Lexis+ subscription database for state laws containing (abortion /s weeks /s (20 OR twenty OR 22)) OR (abortion /p pain)). The same search was performed in Lexis+ for state legislation passed between September 1, 2021, and December 10, 2024.
Notes: Some of these laws use "post-fertilization age" and some use "gestational age" (measured from the first day of last menstrual period), which are approximately two weeks apart. Twenty weeks' post-fertilization age is the equivalent of 22 weeks' gestation age. See CRS Report R45161, Abortion At or Over 20 Weeks' Gestation: Frequently Asked Questions, coordinated by Matthew B. Barry. This table includes repealed laws, which are indicated with a <del>strikethrough</del>.
|
State |
Law Code |
Notes |
|
Massachusetts |
Mass. Ann. Laws ch. 112, § 12M. |
Does not specify gestational or post-fertilization age. |
|
Nevada |
Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 442.250. |
Does not specify gestational or post-fertilization age. |
|
New Hampshire |
N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 329:44. |
24 weeks' gestational age. |
|
New York |
N.Y. Pub. Health Law § 2599-bb |
Does not specify gestational or post-fertilization age. |
|
Pennsylvania |
18 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 3211. |
24 weeks' gestational age. |
Source: Based on a search in the Lexis+ subscription database for state laws containing (abortion /s weeks /s (24 OR "twenty-four" OR "twenty four")). The same search was performed in Lexis+ for state legislation passed between September 1, 2021, and December 10, 2024.
| 1. |
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973); Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Org., 597 U.S. 215 (2022). See also CRS Legal Sidebar LSB10768, Supreme Court Rules No Constitutional Right to Abortion in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, by Jon O. Shimabukuro. |
| 2. |
Pam Belluck, Viability has Shifted Slightly as Medicine has Advanced, N.Y. Times (December 1, 2021), https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/01/us/politics/viability-abortion.html. |
| 3. |
Law Librarians' Society of Washington, DC, State Legislatures, State Laws, and State Regulations: Website Links and Telephone Numbers, https://www.llsdc.org/state-legislation (last visited April 24, 2023). |
| 4. |
See the pre-Roe laws listed in Table 1; Julie Bosman, Century-Old State Laws Could Determine Where Abortion is Legal, N.Y. Times (June 25, 2022), https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/27/us/abortion-laws-wisconsin-arizona-roe-overturned.html. |
| 5. |
Nicole Einbinder and Caroline Haskins, In Oklahoma, Providers Feel the Brunt of Contradictory Abortion Bans, Business Insider (June 7, 2022), https://www.businessinsider.com/five-different-oklahoma-abortion-bans-leave-providers-scrambling-to-know-whats-legal-2022-6; Selena Simmons-Duffin, 3 Abortion Bans in Texas Leave Doctors 'Talking in Code' to Pregnant Patients, NPR (March 1, 2023), https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/03/01/1158364163/3-abortion-bans-in-texas-leave-doctors-talking-in-code-to-pregnant-patients. |
| 6. |
Joseph Gedeon, Blue-City Prosecutors in Red State Vow Not to Press Charges Over Abortion, Politico (June 26, 2022), https://www.politico.com/news/2022/06/26/blue-city-prosecutors-in-red-states-vow-not-to-press-charges-over-abortions-00042415. |