INSIGHTi

Offshore Wind Regulatory Framework: New
Developments
February 10, 2023
The proposed rule would replace the existing ad hoc scheduling of offshore renewable energy lease sales
with a requirement that DOI publish a schedule of renewable energy lease auctions it intends to hold over
the subsequent five years. BOEM notes that the proposed change “is intended to provide advance notice
to stakeholders of areas being considered for future lease sales,” would allow for “increased certainty and
enhanced transparency,” and would facilitate advance planning by relevant stakeholders. The proposed
requirement is similar to that for oil and gas lease planning in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act
(OCSLA), although with some differences. The proposed rule affords more agency flexibility to deviate
from the proposed five-year schedule than the requirements found in OCSLA, and the proposed rule also
includes fewer specific considerations for the planning process. The proposed rule does not address
whether the five-year scheduling of wind lease sales would involve preparation of a programmatic
environmental impact statement (EIS) under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), similar to
the programmatic EIS prepared for the five-year oil and gas program.
Another proposed change would be codifying the use of “project design envelopes” (PDEs), which allow
project applicants to propose “a range of design parameters and construction and operation activities” in
construction and operation plans (COPs) submitted for BOEM approval. PDEs are already being
employed, but BOEM seeks to explicitly provide for the use of PDEs in its regulations. BOEM notes that
PDEs are “a proven approach to provide lessees and grant holders with flexibility throughout the
permitting process while still complying with [NEPA] and other statutory and regulatory obligations.”
Other proposed changes include modernizing the offshore wind lease auction process through a number
of technical changes, eliminating the need for a site assessment plan (SAP) for some site characterization
activities, and other technical additions and amendments, often aimed at increasing process efficiency or
addressing burdens identified by developers. BOEM already employs a number of these proposed
changes in its oversight and regulation of offshore oil and gas operations.
Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
IN12096
CRS INSIGHT
Prepared for Members and
Committees of Congress

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Congressional Research Service
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Final Rule on Agency Renewable Energy
Responsibilities
The final rule transfers certain offshore renewable energy responsibilities from BOEM to BSEE,
particularly those related to ensuring workplace safety and enforcing environmental compliance.
Correspondingly, the final rule reorganizes 30 C.F.R. Parts 285, 585, and 586 by transferring relevant
provisions among them (without substantively modifying the provisions).
Key responsibilities transferred to BSEE include evaluating and overseeing the design and installation of
offshore renewable energy facilities (e.g., wind turbines or transmission cables), overseeing safety
management and incident response plans, inspecting facilities and investigating safety incidents,
enforcing environmental compliance, and overseeing decommissioning activities. BOEM retains
responsibility for issuing and managing renewable energy leases, reviewing and approving development
plans—including lessees’ SAPs and COPs—and conducting environmental analyses under NEPA for
proposed leasing and permitting activities.
The reassignment brings BOEM’s and BSEE’s division of responsibilities closer to that for offshore oil
and gas development, although the regulatory regimes differ. The reassignment appears consistent with
BSEE’s mission to “promote safety” and “protect the environment” through “vigorous regulatory
oversight and enforcement,” dating from the time when BOEM and BSEE were established. In the
aftermath of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, DOI Secretarial Order 3299 divided the
responsibilities of a predecessor agency, the Minerals Management Service, giving BOEM responsibility
for offshore energy resource evaluation, planning, and leasing, while BSEE assumed safety and
environmental enforcement functions. However, the secretarial order (as amended) stated that for the
renewable energy program, BSEE would not assume these functions “until such time that the Assistant
Secretary – Land and Minerals Management determines that an increase in activity justifies transferring
the inspection and enforcement functions.” As a result, BOEM in principle retained these responsibilities
prior to the final rule. Because commercial-scale wind farms are just beginning to be constructed under
federal leases, BOEM would not yet have exercised some of these functions, and BSEE will assume
control of them as they are becoming more relevant.
In recent years, BOEM and BSEE have been preparing for a reassignment of renewable energy safety and
environmental enforcement responsibilities, including through a partnership framework and memorandum
of agreement in 2020. BSEE has requested and received appropriations to build out its renewable energy
program, and for FY2023, the agency’s budget request included program increases of $12.7 million
across three budget activities for this purpose. Questions for Congress may include how to apportion
future funding, in light of the formal transfer of functions and the anticipated increase in federal safety
and enforcement activities as wind projects on the OCS move toward construction and operations.


Author Information

Laura B. Comay
Adam Vann
Specialist in Natural Resources Policy
Legislative Attorney

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Congressional Research Service
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IN12096 · VERSION 1 · NEW

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