INSIGHTi

Temporary Federal Medical Assistance
Percentage (FMAP) Increase for Title IV-E
Foster Care and Permanency Payments
Updated April 13, 2022
The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (P.L. 116-127) authorizes increased federal funding to states
through a 6.2 percentage point increase in the federal medical assistance percentage (FMAP), also known
as the Medicaid matching rate. This expanded federal support is available to states that meet specific
Medicaid program requirements. It was effective January 1, 2020, the first day of the calendar year
quarter in which the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services declared a COVID-
19 public health emergency, and is set to remain in place until the last day of the calendar year quarter in
which the public health emergency period ends. (Currently this is June 30, 2022, but it could be
extended.)
The FMAP is used to determine the federal share of costs in Medicaid and other programs, including the
Foster Care, Prevention, and Permanency program, authorized in Title IV-E of the Social Security Act
(SSA) and commonly called the IV-E program. According to the HHS’s Administration for Children and
Families (ACF), the FMAP increase applies to states, territories, and tribes operating a IV-E program
(hereinafter, “states and tribes”).
What is the Foster Care, Prevention, and Permanency (Title IV-E)
program?
Foster care is a temporary living arrangement for children that a state determines are not able to safely
continue to live in their own homes. Most children placed in foster care live in a foster family home of a
nonrelative or relative. Typically, the first goal of the state child welfare agency is to provide services to
enable a child to safely reunite with his or her parents. If this is determined not possible or appropriate,
the agency works to find a new permanent home for the child through adoption or legal guardianship.
Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
IN11297
CRS INSIGHT
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What IV-E program costs receive federal support at the FMAP?
States and tribes operating a IV-E program provide payments for foster care maintenance and adoption
assistance to eligible children, and the federal government is obligated to reimburse them for a part of the
cost of those payments. Further, they may opt to use the IV-E program to provide kinship guardianship
assistance payments to eligible children.
The FMAP is used to determine the federal share of IV-E foster care maintenance, adoption assistance,
and guardianship assistance payments. These payments are provided by states and tribes on an ongoing
basis to an eligible child’s foster care provider, adoptive parent, or legal guardian. During FY2021, on an
average monthly basis, IV-E payments were made on behalf of 715,300 children, including 142,300
children in foster care and 573,000 children in adoptive or guardianship homes.
The federal share of all other IV-E costs is provided at fixed rates that are the same in every state or tribe.
These rates are not changed by the FMAP increase and apply to costs of program administration (50%)
and training (75%). Additionally, federal support for the optional provision of IV-E prevention services
and selected kinship navigator programs is regularly set at 50%. However, the Supporting Foster Youth
and Families Through the Pandemic Act (Division X of P.L. 116-260) temporarily set federal support for
both at 100% (April 1, 2020-September 30, 2021). Beginning with FY2027, the federal share of IV-E
prevention services (not including related administration and training) is set at the FMAP.
What is the FMAP in each jurisdiction?
The FMAP for each of the 50 states is annually computed by HHS using a formula provided in the
Medicaid program (§1905(b) of the SSA). The formula provides that states with higher per capita income
(relative to the per capita income nationally) receive lower federal reimbursement rates, while states with
lower per capita income receive higher federal reimbursement rates. State regular FY2022 FMAPs are
shown in the Federal Register. P.L. 116-127 temporarily increases each state’s FMAP by 6.2 percentage
points. For example, if a state’s regular FMAP is 50%, during the COVID-19 public health emergency it
is increased to 56.2%. The highest regular state FMAP for FY2021 is 78.31%, and during the COVID-19
emergency this FMAP has increased to 84.82%.
For the IV-E program, tribal FMAPs are determined by HHS-ACF based on the description given in Title
IV-E of the SSA (§479B(d)).
The FMAP for the District of Columbia is fixed in Title IV-E (§474(a)(1) and (2) of the SSA) at 70% in
every year. P.L. 116-260 (Division X, §11) amended P.L. 116-127 to ensure that in any quarter when the
District of Columbia’s Medicaid program is (or was) eligible for the FMAP increase, the 6.2 percentage
point increase also applies to the District of Columbia’s IV-E program.
The FMAP for territories, including Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, which operate IV-E
programs, is fixed in Medicaid law at 55% each year. However, each territory’s overall federal IV-E
spending is subject to a social services spending cap (§1108(a) of the SSA), so the temporary FMAP
enhancement is not expected to increase their federal IV-E support.
How is the money distributed?
States and tribes operating a IV-E program submit quarterly claims to HHS-ACF. These claims represent
program spending. If a state submits claims showing that it spent $100,000 for IV-E maintenance or
assistance payments while its FMAP is temporarily raised to 56.2%, the federal government is obligated
to send the state $56,200 (rather than the $50,000 required under the state’s regular FMAP of 50%).

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How much money has the FMAP increase provided?
For the first seven quarters of the enhanced FMAP (January 1, 2020-September 30, 2021), HHS-ACF
estimates $846 million in federal IV-E funding attributable to the 6.2 percentage point bump in the FMAP
(this figure was updated April 13, 2022, to reflect revised information received from HHS-ACF.)
What requirements must a state meet to receive the FMAP increase?
Under P.L. 116-127, to receive the FMAP increase states must meet the following Medicaid requirements:
maintain eligibility policies for the program; continue coverage for enrolled beneficiaries; not increase
individual premiums; cover COVID-19 testing, services, and treatment without cost sharing; and not
increase local funding requirements.

Author Information

Emilie Stoltzfus

Specialist in Social Policy




Disclaimer
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IN11297 · VERSION 6 · UPDATED

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