INSIGHTi
OMB Issues New Guidance on Agency
Engagement with Inspectors General
February 23, 2022
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has issued new guidance directing agency leaders and
staff to “cooperate with [their] respective IG [inspector general] offices as they fulfill their statutory
opportunities.” The memorandum—apparently the first public guidance in decades on cooperation with
IG offices—was issued on December 3, 2021 (OMB memorandum M-22-04; “Promoting Accountability
through Cooperation among Agencies and Inspectors General”). It echoes and reinforces the language of
the Inspector General Act of 1978 (IG Act; 5 U.S.C. Appx.).
Specifically, the memorandum requests that agency leaders regularly communicate key information about
the role and authority of IGs to their staff and identifies seven “general guidelines to enhance
cooperation” between agencies and IGs:
1. Routine meetings between agency leadership and IGs,
2. Open discussion about IG office resources,
3. Designation of a senior agency official as liaison to the IG office,
4. Collaboration with IG staff when developing new programs or changing existing
programs,
5. Providing information and training to staff on whistleblower protections,
6. Discussion of enterprise risk management with IGs, and
7. Responsiveness to IG recommendations.
OMB developed the memorandum in consultation with the Council of Inspectors General on Integrity and
Efficiency (CIGIE), and the memorandum includes findings from a CIGIE review of agency-IG relations
and example language developed by CIGIE for use by agency leaders when communicating to staff about
the role of IGs.
OMB and Inspectors General
The new memorandum appears to be OMB’s first published guidance in recent decades, if ever, to
broadly address the relationship between agency leaders and IGs. While the IG Act directs that an IG
reports to and is under the “general supervision” of the head of their agency, the act also bars agency
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leaders from attempting to interfere with or control investigations and audits. While this general rule has
some exceptions, especially for matters related to national security, they are explicitly laid out in the IG
Act. This arrangement makes clear that IGs have at least some degree of independence as they fulfill their
duties but does not ensure that relations between IGs and their agency leaders will always be constructive.
The OMB memorandum describes OMB as a liaison that can “ensure a well-functioning relationship
between agency leadership and IG offices.” The memorandum also notes that OMB’s deputy director for
management is the executive chairperson of CIGIE and can bring together IGs and agency leaders.
OMB states that the memorandum was inspired by the Biden Administration’s recent experience
implementing provisions of the American Rescue Plan Act, which, in OMB’s view, “demonstrated the
benefits of proactive and transparent engagement” among oversight stakeholders including IGs and
agencies. This motivation may be reflected in the suggestion that agency leaders should discuss enterprise
risk management with IGs and involve IG staff early in the process of developing new programs. This
process included an assessment by CIGIE of communications between agency leaders and OIGs.
Congress has maintained a strong interest in the operations of the IG community and the ability of IGs to
operate effectively and independently within the executive branch. Congress is currently considering the
IG Independence and Empowerment Act (H.R. 2662), which has passed the House and been marked up
by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.
The Role of OMB Guidance Memoranda in the Management of the
Executive Branch
OMB has a number of statutory duties related to the operations of executive branch agencies that support
the institutional presidency. These duties include oversight of those agencies. In conducting this oversight
and its other duties, OMB interacts extensively with agencies, including through the issuance of guidance
memoranda, bulletins, and circulars.
OMB’s website features a webpage with links to guidance memoranda issued by OMB dating back to
1995. Agencies are expected to adjust their internal policies based upon OMB guidance memoranda,
which stay in effect across presidential Administrations. The influence of OMB guidance may vary
depending upon particular circumstances, including questions about the underlying statutory authority of
OMB to direct or influence agency activities.
With those potential limits in mind, OMB’s new memorandum on IGs can be considered authoritative
within the executive branch unless or until OMB amends, revokes, or supersedes it. However, if OMB
does not prioritize enforcement of the guidance, there may be reduced or uneven compliance across the
executive branch.
Issues for Congress
Congress has shown long-standing interest in the operations and independence of the IG community. That
interest is reflected in a number of bills under consideration in the 117th Congress, including H.R. 2662,
the IG Independence and Empowerment Act, which passed the House in June 2021. Now that OMB has
issued guidance on relations between agencies and their IGs, Congress may wish to be particularly careful
in its oversight of those relationships and, in particular, OMB’s involvement for at least two reasons.
Congress may benefit from determining whether OMB’s guidance reflected in this memorandum
improves the effectiveness of the IG community. If the guidance does promote congressional intent for
IGs, Congress might consider codifying its policies in law. Lessons learned from implementation of the
memorandum may provide data to inform future amendments to the IG Act.
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The new guidance may also set a precedent for future OMB guidance on IGs. The OMB memorandum
appears to have been developed in coordination with the IG community in order to facilitate the work of
IGs. However, it is possible that OMB could adopt policies in the future that would discourage agency
cooperation with IGs or otherwise limit the ability of IGs to conduct their work. Should that occur,
Congress may wish to take action to maintain the independence and effectiveness of the IG community.
Author Information
Ben Wilhelm
Taylor N. Riccard
Analyst in Government Organization and Management
Analyst in Government Organization and Management
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