African American Members of the U.S. Congress: 1870-2019

Contents

• Introduction
• Source Note
• Brief Overview of Studies on African Americans in Congress
• African Americans in Congress Since 1870: Totals and in Each Congress
• How African Americans Enter Congress: Regular Elections, Special Elections, and Appointments
• The Congressional Black Caucus (CBC): A Congressional Member Organization
• African American Firsts in Congress
• African Americans Who Have Served in Party Leadership Positions
• African Americans and Leadership of Congressional Committees
• Length of Service Records
• African American Women in Congress
• Alphabetical Listing, Including Dates of Service and Committee Assignments

Summary

In total, 162 African Americans have served in Congress. This total includes

• 152 African Americans (146 Representatives and 6 Delegates) elected only to the House of Representatives;
• 9 African Americans elected or appointed only to the Senate; and
• 1 African American who has served in both chambers.

The first African American Members, Senator Hiram Revels of Mississippi and Representative Joseph Rainey of South Carolina, both took the oath of office in 1870. These first two Members were among the 22 African American Members (2 in the Senate, 20 in the House) who began their service in the period of time after the Civil War but prior to the start of the 20^th century. After these first 22, the presence of African Americans in the membership of Congress was not continuous, and there were subsequent periods in both chambers with no African American Members.

Most recently, the 116^th Congress began with the highest number of African American Members ever at the start of a Congress: 57 (52 Representatives, 2 Delegates, and 3 Senators).

Other information in this report includes the following:

• Numbers of African Americans who have served in Congress by party and type of service;
• Numbers of African Americans who have served in each Congress since 1870;
• Numbers of African Americans who have served in the House and Senate by state, district, or territory;
• Means of entry to Congress, including regular elections, special elections, and appointments;
• Brief background and selected data on the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC);
• Lists of selected "firsts" for African Americans in Congress;
• Lists of the African Americans who have served in leadership;
• Records for length of service in the House and Senate; and
• Lists of the African American women in the 116^th Congress.

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Introduction

The 116^th Congress began with 57 African American Members, the highest number ever at the beginning of a Congress. After the death of an African American House Member in October 2019, the current 56 African American Members represent the following proportions of the entire Congress, and of the House and Senate separately:

• 10.1% of voting Members in the Congress (54 of 535, does not include the Delegates and Resident Commissioner);
• 10.4% of total Members in the Congress (56 of 541, includes the Delegates and Resident Commissioner);
• 11.7% of voting Members in the House (51 of 435, does not include the Delegates and Resident Commissioner);
• 12.0% of total Members in the House (53 of 441, includes the Delegates and Resident Commissioner); and
• 3.0% of total Members in the Senate (3 of 100).

Table 1 provides more detail on these African American Members across the 116^th Congress.

In addition to data for the 116^th Congress, this report provides historical information. The report also includes an appendix with an alphabetical listing of African American Members, selected biographical information, and committee assignments during their tenure in Congress.

Source Note

Inclusion in this report, and related data, is based on entry in Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007, the Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2019 e-book,¹ and the accompanying website maintained by the House Office of the Historian and Office of Art and Archives (http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Black-Americans-in-Congress/). According to that office, the website²

is based on the 2008 print edition but updated to reflect the entry of new African Americans into Congress. In 2018, at the direction of the Committee on House Administration, the Historian's Office revised and updated the contextual essays of the 2008 print edition in order to prepare the 2019 e-book edition of Black Americans in Congress.

This report does not include additional Members who might identify as African American, or as having African ancestry, but are not included in these sources.

Additional historical information, including committee assignments, leadership positions, and dates of service, is based on Biographical Directory of the American Congress (http://bioguide.congress.gov), various editions of the Congressional Directory, and a broad range of Congressional Quarterly Inc. and Leadership Directories Inc. publications.

Brief Overview of Studies on African Americans in Congress

Numerous studies of Congress have examined the role and impact of African Americans in Congress. Many of these studies relate to larger questions about the nature of representation or about Congress as an institution.³

Central to these studies have been questions about the following:

• Descriptive representation (i.e., representation by those who share demographic characteristics with their constituents) and substantive representation (i.e., representation of policy preferences and a linkage to policy outcomes) in the representation of minority electoral and policy interests, as well as any linkage or trade-offs between the two. While the former concentrates on election outcomes (e.g., percentages of congressional seats), the latter focuses on behaviors and actions once an elected official is in office.⁴
• The Voting Rights Act of 1965, impact of majority-minority districts in representing minority interests in a district, and influence of majority-minority districts on electoral and policy preferences in surrounding districts.⁵ These studies have also examined recent court rulings.⁶
• The relationship of minority Members of Congress with their constituents, including any impact on turnout, electoral competitiveness or strategies, hiring of minority staff, communication styles, constituency services, and voter satisfaction and engagement.⁷
• Legislative activities and influence, including work in committees, floor speeches, bill introduction and passage, cosponsorship, coalition formation, career progression and seniority, and relations with congressional leadership.⁸
• Roll-call voting behavior, including voting cohesion compared to party or state delegations.⁹
• Positions on various domestic or international issues.¹⁰

African Americans in Congress Since 1870: Totals and in Each Congress

The first African American to serve in the Senate, Hiram Revels of Mississippi, was sworn in on February 23, 1870. The first African American to serve in the House, Joseph Rainey of South Carolina, was sworn in on December 12, 1870.

Both chambers subsequently had periods without any African American Members. The longest period for the House stretched from the 57^th Congress (1901-1903) until the beginning of the 71^st Congress (1929-1931), or 28 years. The longest period for the Senate stretched from the beginning of the 47^th Congress (1881-1883) until the beginning of the 90^th Congress (1967-1968), or 86 years.

African American membership in the House first reached 10 Members during the 91^st Congress (1969-1970), and voting membership first exceeded 5% during the 100^th Congress (1987-1988). Another large increase occurred during the 103^rd Congress (1993-1994), which was the first Congress after the redistricting that followed the 1990 U.S. Census.

The 116^th Congress began with the highest number of African American Members ever for the start of a Congress: 57 (52 Representatives, 2 Delegates, and 3 Senators).

Table 2 provides a summary of the 162 African Americans who have served in the House, Senate, and both chambers. Of these 162 Members, 22 began their service after the Civil War but prior to the start of the 20^th century (2 in the Senate, 20 in the House).

Figure 1. Number of African Americans by Congress, 1870 to Present (Including any Members who served only a portion of the Congress)

Source: Inclusion for this report is based on entry in U.S. Congress, House, Office of the Historian, Black Americans in Congress, at http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Black-Americans-in-Congress/. It does not include additional Members who might identify as African American, or as having African ancestry, but are not included in this publication. See the "Source Note" section for additional information. Notes: Delegates are included in the data. The figure also includes Members who served only a portion of the Congress (due, for example, to special elections, appointments to the Senate, deaths, and resignations) and so may not reflect the number serving at a given time within a Congress.

Figure 2. Number of African Americans in the House and Senate by State, District, or Territory, 1870-Present (Including any Members who served only a portion of the Congress, as of December 13, 2019)

Source: U.S. Congress, House, Office of the Historian and Office of Art and Archives, "Black Americans in Congress," http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Black-Americans-in-Congress/. Notes: 162 African Americans have served in Congress. One African American who has served in both the House and Senate, from South Carolina, is included in both House and Senate tallies in this figure. Delegates are included in the data. The figure also includes Members who served only a portion of the Congress (due, for example, to special elections, appointments to the Senate, deaths, and resignations).

How African Americans Enter Congress: Regular Elections, Special Elections, and Appointments

Article I, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution requires that all Members of the House of Representatives must be "chosen every second Year by the People of the several States."

Therefore, all 153 of the African Americans who have served in the House entered office through election, even those who entered after a seat became open during a Congress.

By contrast, the Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution, which was ratified in 1913, gives state legislatures the option to empower governors to fill congressional Senate vacancies by temporary appointment. The Seventeenth Amendment also provides for direct elections of Senators by the "people" of a state. Previously, Senators were elected by legislative selection rather than through the direct elections by which Representatives to Congress were elected.¹¹

Of the 10 African Americans who have served in the Senate,

• two were elected prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution;
• four initially entered Senate service by winning a regular election;
• one initially entered Senate service by winning a special election and was subsequently reelected; and
• three were appointed. Of these three, one was a candidate for reelection and served in more than one Congress.

Figure 3. African Americans' Initial Entrance to the Senate: Regular Elections, Special Elections, and Appointments to Unexpired Terms (Inclusive through December 13, 2019)

Source: U.S. Congress, House, Office of the Historian and Office of Art and Archives, "Black Americans in Congress," http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Black-Americans-in-Congress/ and the "Biographical Directory of the United States Congress," http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp.

The Congressional Black Caucus (CBC): A Congressional Member Organization

In 1971, the 13 African Americans then serving in the House established the Congressional Black Caucus.

In the 116^th Congress, the CBC¹² is one of more than 270 registered congressional member organizations (CMOs) in the House.¹³ House CMOs are required to register with the Committee on House Administration. CMOs do not receive separate funding, and they have not since a change in the Rules of the House adopted for the 104^th Congress.¹⁴ Members may use their Members' Representational Allowance (MRA) to support staff, including shared staff, assigned to CMO duties.¹⁵ Members, rather than the CMO, remain the employing authority, and the CMO is not an independent entity. The committee's Members' Congressional Handbook lists a number of additional regulations related to the staffing and funding of CMOs.¹⁶

CMOs are not required to register in the Senate. As in the House, informal congressional groups or organizations do not receive separate funding.

The CBC CMO is distinct from the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation, which was established in 1976 and is a §501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.¹⁷

African American Firsts in Congress

African Americans Who Have Served in Party Leadership Positions¹⁸

A number of African Americans in Congress, listed in Table 5, have held positions in their party's leadership.¹⁹ All of these party leadership positions have been in the House. The first African American Member to be elected to any party leadership position was Shirley Chisholm (D-NY), who served as House Democratic Caucus Secretary in the 95^th and 96^th Congresses (1977-1980).

African Americans and Leadership of Congressional Committees

As chair of the Senate Select Committee on the Levees of the Mississippi River (45^th Congress), Blanche K. Bruce was the first African American to chair any congressional committee. As chair of the House Committee on Expenditures in the Executive Departments (81^st Congress), William L. Dawson was the first African American to chair a House committee. In total,

• 23 African Americans have chaired a House committee;
• 1 African American has chaired a Senate committee; and
• 2 African American Representatives have chaired a joint committee.

These chairmanships include standing, special, and select committees. Some African Americans have chaired multiple committees in the House.²⁰

In the 116^th Congress, four African American Representatives currently chair four different House standing committees.²¹

Length of Service Records

African American Women in Congress

A total of 47 African American women have served in Congress.²² Of these, 25 serve in the 116^th Congress (including 2 Delegates), a record number. The previous record was 22 (including 2 Delegates), which was reached at the end of the 115^th Congress. The African American women Members of the 116^th Congress are listed in Table 7.

African American women comprise

• 25 of the 131 women currently serving in the 116^th Congress (19.1%) and
• 25 of the 57 African Americans currently serving in the 116^th Congress (43.9%).

Alphabetical Listing, Including Dates of Service and Committee Assignments²³

ADAMS, ALMA S. Democrat; North Carolina, 12^th District. Elected to the 113^th Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Melvin L. Watt, and also elected to the 114^th-116^th Congresses (served Nov. 4, 2014-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (114^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Education and the Workforce/Education and Labor (114^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (114^th-115^th Congresses)
• H. Financial Services (116^th Congress)

ALLRED, COLIN. Democrat; Texas, 32^nd District. Elected to the 116^th Congress (served Jan. 3, 2019-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Foreign Affairs (116^th Congress)
• H. Transportation and Infrastructure (116^th Congress)
• H. Veterans' Affairs (116^th Congress)

BALLANCE, FRANK W., Jr. Democrat; North Carolina, 1^st District. Elected to the 108^th Congress (served Jan. 7, 2003, until his resignation June 11, 2004).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (108^th Congress)
• H. Small Business (108^th Congress)

BASS, KAREN. Democrat; California, 33^rd (112^th Congress) and 37^th District (113^th Congress- present). Elected to the 112^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2011-present). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 116^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Budget (112^th Congress)
• H. Foreign Affairs (112^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Judiciary (113^th-116^th Congresses)

BEATTY, JOYCE. Democrat; Ohio, 3^rd District. Elected to the 113^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2013-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Financial Services (113^th-116^th Congresses)

BISHOP, SANFORD DIXON, Jr. Democrat; Georgia, 2^nd District. Elected to the 103^rd-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 5, 1993-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (103^rd-107^th Congresses)
• H. Post Office and Civil Service (103^rd Congress)
• H. Veterans' Affairs (103^rd-104^th Congresses)
• H. Select Intelligence (105^th-107^th Congresses)
• H. Appropriations (108^th-116^th Congresses)

BLACKWELL, LUCIEN EDWARD. Democrat; Pennsylvania, 2^nd District. Elected to the 102^nd Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William Gray, and also elected to the 103^rd Congress (served Nov. 11, 1991-Jan. 3, 1995).

Committee assignments:

• H. Merchant Marine and Fisheries (102^nd Congress)
• H. Public Works and Transportation (102^nd-103^rd Congresses)
• H. Budget (103^rd Congress)

BLUNT ROCHESTER, LISA. Democrat; Delaware, At-Large. Elected to the 115^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2017-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (115^th Congress)
• H. Education and the Workforce (115^th Congress)
• H. Energy and Commerce (116^th Congress)

BOOKER, CORY ANTHONY. Democrat; New Jersey. Senator. Elected to the Senate in 2013 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Frank Lautenberg and subsequently elected to a full term in 2014 (served October 31, 2013-present).

Committee assignments:

• S. Commerce, Science and Transportation (113^th-114^th Congress)
• S. Environment and Public Works (113^th-116^th Congresses)
• S. Homeland Security and Government Affairs (114^th Congress)
• S. Foreign Relations (115^th-116^th Congresses)
• S. Small Business and Entrepreneurship (113^th-116^th Congresses)
• S. Judiciary (115^th-116^th Congresses)

BROOKE, EDWARD WILLIAM, III. Republican; Massachusetts. Senator. Elected in 1966 (served Jan. 3, 1967-Jan. 3, 1979).

Committee assignments:

• S. Aeronautical and Space Sciences (90^th Congress)
• S. Banking and Currency (90^th-95^th Congresses; ranking member, 95^th Congress)
• S. Government Operations (90^th Congress)
• S. Armed Services (91^st Congress)
• S. Select Education Opportunity (91^st-92^nd Congresses)
• S. Appropriations (92^nd-95^th Congresses)
• S. Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs (92^nd-95^th Congresses)
• S. Special Aging (92^nd-95^th Congresses)
• S. Select Standards and Conduct (93^rd-94^th Congresses)
• Jt. Bicentennial Arrangements (94^th Congress; vice-chair)
• Jt. Defense Production (94^th-95^th Congresses)

BROWN, ANTHONY GREGORY. Democrat; Maryland, 4^th District. Elected to the 115^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2017-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Armed Services (115^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Ethics (115^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Natural Resources (115^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Transportation and Infrastructure (116^th Congress)

BROWN, CORRINE. Democrat; Florida, 3^rd District (103^rd-112^th Congresses), 5^th District (113^th-114^th Congress). Elected to the 103^rd-114^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1993-Jan. 3, 2017).

Committee assignments:

• H. Government Operations (103^rd Congress)
• H. Public Works and Transportation (103^rd Congress)
• H. Transportation and Infrastructure (104^th-114^th Congresses)
• H. Veterans' Affairs (103^rd-114^th Congresses; ranking member, 114^th Congress)

BRUCE, BLANCHE KELSO. Republican; Mississippi, Senator. Elected in 1874 (served March 4, 1875-March 3, 1881).

Committee assignments:

• S. Manufactures (44^th Congress)
• S. Pensions (44^th-45^th Congresses)
• S. Education and Labor (44^th-46^th Congresses)
• S. Select Levees of the Mississippi River (chair, 45^th-46^th Congresses)
• S. Select To Investigate the Freedman's Savings and Trust Company (chair, 46^th Congress)

BURKE, YVONNE BRATHWAITE. Democrat; California, 28^th (94^th-95^th Congresses) and 37^th (93^rd Congress) Districts. Elected to the 93^rd-95^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1973-Jan. 3, 1979). First female chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 94^th-95^th Congresses.

Committee assignments:

• H. Public Works (93^rd Congress)
• H. Interior and Insular Affairs (93^rd Congress)
• H. Appropriations (94^th-95^th Congresses)
• H. Select Committee on the House Beauty Shop (chair, 94^th-95^th Congresses)

BURRIS, ROLAND. Democrat; Illinois. Senator. Appointed to the Senate in December 2008 to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Barack Obama, but was not seated until Jan. 12, 2009 (served Jan. 12, 2009-Nov. 29, 2010).

Committee assignments:

• S. Armed Services (111^th Congress)
• S. Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (111^th Congress)
• S. Veteran's Affairs (111^th Congress)

BUTTERFIELD, GEORGE KENNETH, Jr. (G.K.). Democrat; North Carolina, 1^st District. Elected to the 108^th Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Frank Ballance, and also elected to the 109^th-116^th Congresses (served July 20, 2004-present). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 114^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Small Business (108^th Congress)
• H. Agriculture (108^th-109^th Congresses)
• H. Armed Services (109^th Congress)
• H. Energy and Commerce (110^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Standards of Official Conduct (111^th Congress)
• H. House Administration (116^th Congress)

CAIN, RICHARD HARVEY. Republican; South Carolina, At-Large. Elected to the 43^rd and 45^th Congresses (served March 4, 1873-March 3, 1875; March 4, 1877-March 3, 1879).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (43^rd Congress)
• H. Private Land Claims (45^th Congress)

CARSON, ANDRÉ. Democrat; Indiana, 7^th District. Elected to the 110^th Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of his grandmother Julia Carson, and also elected to the 111^th-116^th Congresses (served March 11, 2008-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Financial Services (110^th-112^th Congresses)
• H. Armed Services (113^th Congress)
• H. Transportation and Infrastructure (113^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Permanent Select Intelligence (114^th-116^th Congresses)

CARSON, JULIA. Democrat; Indiana, 10^th District (105^th-107^th Congresses) and 7^th District (108^th-110^th Congresses). Elected to the 105^th-110^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1997, until her death Dec. 15, 2007).

Committee assignments:

• H. Banking and Financial Services/Financial Services (105^th-110^th Congresses)
• H. Veterans' Affairs (105^th-107^th Congresses)
• H. Transportation and Infrastructure (108^th-110^th Congresses)

CHEATHAM, HENRY PLUMMER. Republican; North Carolina, 2^nd District. Elected to the 51^st and 52^nd Congresses (served March 4, 1889-March 3, 1893).

Committee assignments:

• H. Expenditures on Public Buildings (51^st-52^nd Congresses)
• H. Education (51^st-52^nd Congresses)
• H. Agriculture (52^nd Congresses)

CHISHOLM, SHIRLEY ANITA. Democrat; New York, 12^th District. Elected to the 91^st-97^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1969-Jan. 3, 1983).

Committee assignments:

• H. Veterans' Affairs (91^st-92^nd Congresses)
• H. Education and Labor (92^nd-94^th Congresses)
• H. Rules (95^th-97^th Congresses)

CHRISTENSEN, DONNA. Democrat; Delegate from the Virgin Islands. Elected to the 105^th-113^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1997-Jan. 3, 2015).

Committee assignments:

• H. Resources/Natural Resources (105^th-112^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (105^th-109^th Congresses)
• H. Homeland Security (108^th-110^th Congresses; 112^th Congress)
• H. Energy and Commerce (111^th-113^th Congresses)

CHRISTIAN-CHRISTENSEN, DONNA and CHRISTIAN-GREEN, DONNA. See CHRISTENSEN, DONNA.

CLARKE, HANSEN. Democrat; Michigan, 13^th District. Elected to the 112^th Congress (served Jan. 3, 2011-Jan. 3, 2013).

Committee assignments:

• H. Homeland Security (112^th Congress)
• H. Science, Space and Technology (112^th Congress)

CLARKE, YVETTE. Democrat; New York, 11^th District (110^th-112^th Congresses) and 9^th District (113^th Congress-present). Elected to the 110^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2007-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Education and Labor (110^th-111^th Congresses)
• H. Homeland Security (110^th-113^th, 116^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (110^th-114^th Congresses)
• H. Ethics (113^th-115^th Congresses)
• H. Energy and Commerce (114^th-116^th Congresses)

CLAY, WILLIAM LACY, Jr. Democrat; Missouri, 1^st District. Elected to the 107^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2001-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Financial Services (107^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Government Reform/H. Oversight and Government Reform (107^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Natural Resources (115^th-116^th Congresses)

CLAY, WILLIAM LACY, Sr. Democrat; Missouri, 1^st District. Elected to the 91^st-106^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1969-Jan. 3, 2001).

Committee assignments:

• H. Education and Labor (91^st-106^th Congresses)
• H. Post Office and Civil Service (93^rd -103^rd Congresses; chair 102^nd-103^rd Congresses)
• H. Select to Study the Committee System (96^th Congress)
• H. House Administration (99^th-103^rd Congresses)
• Jt. Library (101^st Congress)

CLAYTON, EVA. Democrat; North Carolina, 1^st District. Elected to the 102^nd Congress Nov. 3, 1992, to fill vacancy caused by death of Walter Jones; simultaneously elected to the 103^rd Congress; reelected to the 104^th-107^th Congresses (served Nov. 5, 1992-Jan. 3, 2003).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (103^rd-107^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (103^rd-104^th Congresses)
• H. Budget (105^th-107^th Congresses)

CLEAVER, EMANUEL, II. Democrat; Missouri, 5^th District. Elected to the 109^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 4, 2005-present). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 112^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Financial Services (109^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Select Energy Independence and Global Warming (110^th-111^th Congresses)
• H. Homeland Security (111^th and 116^th Congresses)
• H. Select Committee on the Modernization of Congress (116^th Congress)

CLYBURN, JAMES ENOS. Democrat; South Carolina, 6^th District. Elected to the 103^rd-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 5, 1993-present). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 106^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Public Works and Transportation/Transportation and Infrastructure (103^rd-105^th Congresses)
• H. Veterans' Affairs (103^rd-105^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (104^th Congress)
• H. Appropriations (106^th-109^th Congresses)

COLLINS, BARBARA-ROSE. Democrat; Michigan, 13^th District (102^nd Congress) and 15^th District (103^rd-104^th Congresses). Elected to the 102^nd-104^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1991-Jan. 3, 1997).

Committee assignments:

• H. Public Works and Transportation (102^nd-103^rd Congresses)
• H. Science, Space and Technology (102^nd Congress)
• H. Government Operations (103^rd Congress)
• H. Post Office and Civil Service (103^rd Congress)
• H. Government Reform and Oversight (104^th Congress)
• H. Transportation and Infrastructure (104^th Congress)
• H. Select Children, Youth, and Families (102^nd Congress)

COLLINS, CARDISS. Democrat; Illinois, 7^th District. Elected to the 93^rd Congress in a June 5, 1973, special election to fill vacancy caused by death of husband George W. Collins; reelected to the 94^th-104^th Congresses (served June 7, 1973-Jan. 3, 1997). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 96^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Government Operations/Government Reform and Oversight (93^rd-104^th Congresses)
• H. International Relations/Foreign Affairs (94^th-96^th Congresses)
• H. District of Columbia (95^th Congress)
• H. Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control (96^th-102^nd Congresses)
• H. Energy and Commerce/Commerce (97^th-104^th Congresses)

COLLINS, GEORGE WASHINGTON. Democrat; Illinois, 6^th District. Elected to the 91^st Congress to fill vacancy caused by death of Daniel J. Ronan; simultaneously elected to the 92^nd Congress; reelected to the 93^rd Congress (served Nov. 3, 1970, until his death Dec. 18, 1972, before the seating of the 93^rd Congress).

Committee assignments:

• H. Government Operations (91^st-92^nd Congresses)
• H. Public Works (92^nd Congress)

CONYERS, JOHN, Jr. Democrat; Michigan, 1^st District (89^th-102^nd Congresses); 14^th District (103^rd-112^th Congresses); 13^th District (113^th-115^th Congresses). Elected to the 89^th-115^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1965, until his resignation Dec. 5, 2017).

Committee assignments:

• H. Judiciary (89^th-115^th Congresses; chair, 110^th-111^th Congresses; ranking member, 104^th-109^th, 112^th-115^th Congresses)
• H. Government Operations (92^nd-103^rd Congresses; chair, 101^st-103^rd Congresses)
• H. Small Business (100^th-103^rd Congresses)

COWAN, WILLIAM (MO). Democrat; Massachusetts. Senator. Appointed to the Senate in 2013 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John F. Kerry (served Feb. 1, 2013- July 15, 2013).

Committee assignments:

• S. Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry (113^th Congress)
• S. Commerce, Science and Transportation (113^th Congress)
• S. Small Business and Entrepreneurship (113^th Congress)

CROCKETT, GEORGE WILLIAM, Jr. Democrat; Michigan, 13^th District. Elected to the 96^th Congress to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Charles C. Diggs Jr.; simultaneously elected to the 97^th Congress; reelected to the 98^th-101^st Congresses (served Nov. 4, 1980-Jan. 3, 1991).

Committee assignments:

• H. Foreign Affairs (96^th-101^st Congresses)
• H. Judiciary (97^th-101^st Congresses)
• H. Small Business (97^th Congress)
• H. Select Aging (97^th-101^st Congresses)

CUMMINGS, ELIJAH EUGENE. Democrat; Maryland, 7^th District. Elected to the 104^th Congress to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Kweisi Mfume; reelected to the 105^th-116^th Congresses (served April 16, 1996, until his death, October 17, 2019). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 108^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Government Oversight and Government Reform/Government Reform/Oversight and Reform (104^th-115^th Congresses; ranking member, 112^th-115^th Congresses; chair, 116^th Congress)
• H. Transportation and Infrastructure (110^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Armed Services (110^th Congress)
• Jt. Economic Committee (109^th-114^th Congresses)
• Select Terrorist Attack in Benghazi (114^th Congress; ranking member)

DAVIS, ARTUR. Democrat; Alabama, 7^th District. Elected to the 108^th-111^th Congresses (served Jan. 7, 2003-Jan. 2, 2011).

Committee assignments:

• H. Budget (108^th-109^th Congresses)
• H. Financial Services (108^th-109^th Congresses)
• H. Judiciary (110^th Congress)
• H. Ways and Means (110^th-111^th Congresses)

DAVIS, DANNY K. Democrat; Illinois, 7^th District. Elected to the 105^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 7, 1997-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Small Business (105^th-109^th Congresses)
• H. Government Oversight and Government Reform/Government Reform (105^th-113^th Congresses)
• H. Education and the Workforce/Education and Labor (108^th-110^th Congresses)
• H. Ways and Means (111^th, 113^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Homeland Security (112^th Congress)

DAWSON, WILLIAM LEVI. Democrat; Illinois, 1^st District. Elected to the 78^th-91^st Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1943, until his death Nov. 9, 1970).

Committee assignments:

• H. Expenditures in the Executive Departments (78^th-82^nd Congresses; chair, 81^st-82^nd Congresses)
• H. Government Operations (83^rd-91^st Congresses; ranking member, 83^rd Congress; chair, 84^th-91^st Congresses)
• H. Coinage, Weights, and Measures (78^th-79^th Congresses)
• H. Invalid Pensions (78^th-79^th Congresses)
• H. Insular Affairs (78^th-79^th Congresses)
• H. Irrigation and Reclamation (78^th-79^th Congresses)
• H. Interior and Insular Affairs (82^nd Congress)
• H. District of Columbia (84^th-91^st Congresses)

DE LARGE, ROBERT CARLOS. Republican; South Carolina, 2^nd District. Elected to the 42^nd Congress (served March 4, 1871, until Jan. 24, 1873, when his seat was declared vacant after his election was successfully contested by former Rep. Christopher Bowen).

Committee assignments:

• H. Manufactures (42^nd Congress)

DELGADO, ANTONIO. Democrat; New York, 19^th District. Elected to the 116^th Congress (served Jan. 3, 2019-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (116^th Congress)
• H. Small Business (116^th Congress)
• H. Transportation and Infrastructure (116^th Congress)

DELLUMS, RONALD V. Democrat; California, 7^th District (92^nd-93^rd Congresses); 8^th District (94^th-102^nd Congresses); 9^th District (103^rd-105^th Congresses). Elected to the 92^nd-105^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1971, until his resignation Feb. 6, 1998). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 101^st Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. District of Columbia (96^th-103^rd Congresses; chair, 96^th-102^nd Congresses)
• H. Foreign Affairs (92^nd Congress)
• H. Armed Services (93^rd-103^rd Congresses; chair, 103^rd Congress)
• H. National Security (104^th-105^th Congresses; ranking member, 104^th-105^th Congresses)
• H. Post Office and Civil Service (97^th-98^th Congresses)
• H. Select Intelligence (94^th-102^nd Congresses)

DEMINGS, VAL BUTLER. Democrat; Florida, 10^th District. Elected to the 115^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2017-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Homeland Security (115^th Congress)
• H. Government Reform (115^th Congress)
• H. Judiciary (115^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Permanent Select Intelligence (116^th Congress)

DE PRIEST, OSCAR STANTON. Republican; Illinois, 1^st District. Elected to the 71^st-73^rd Congresses (served March 4, 1929-March 3, 1935).

Committee assignments:

• H. Enrolled Bills (71^st-73^rd Congresses)
• H. Invalid Pensions (71^st-73^rd Congresses)
• H. Indian Affairs (71^st-73^rd Congresses)
• H. Post Office and Post Roads (73^rd Congress)

DIGGS, CHARLES COLES, Jr. Democrat; Michigan, 13^th District. Elected to the 84^th-96^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1955, until his resignation on June 3, 1980). First Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 92^nd Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Interior and Insular Affairs (84^th-85^th Congresses)
• H. Veterans' Affairs (84^th-85^th Congresses)
• H. Foreign Affairs (86^th-93^rd Congresses)
• H. District of Columbia (88^th-96^th Congresses; chair, 93^rd-95^th Congresses)

DIXON, JULIAN CAREY. Democrat; California, 28^th District (96^th-102^nd Congresses); 32^nd District (103^rd-106^th Congresses). Elected to 96^th-107^th Congresses, but died before the commencement of the 107^th Congress (served Jan. 3, 1979, until his death on Dec. 8, 2000). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 98^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Appropriations (96^th-106^th Congresses)
• H. Standards of Official Conduct (98^th-101^st Congresses; chair, 99^th-101^st Congresses)
• H. Select Intelligence (103^rd-106^th Congresses; ranking member, 106^th Congress)

DYMALLY, MERVYN MALCOLM. Democrat; California, 31^st District. Elected to the 97^th-102^nd Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1981-Jan. 3, 1993). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 100^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. District of Columbia (97^th-102^nd Congresses)
• H. Foreign Affairs (97^th-102^nd Congresses)
• H. Science and Technology (97^th-98^th Congresses)
• H. Post Office and Civil Service (98^th-102^nd Congresses)
• H. Education and Labor (99^th Congress)

EDWARDS, DONNA. Democrat; Maryland, 4^th District. Elected to the 110^th Congress in a June 17, 2008, special election to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Albert Wynn; reelected to the 111^th-114^th Congresses (served June 19, 2008-Jan. 3, 2017).

Committee assignments:

• H. Science and Technology/Science, Space and Technology (110^th-114^th Congresses)
• H. Transportation and Infrastructure (110^th-114^th Congresses)
• H. Ethics (112^th Congress)

ELLIOTT, ROBERT BROWN. Republican; South Carolina, 3^rd District. Elected to the 42^nd-43^rd Congresses (served March 4, 1871, until his resignation on Nov. 1, 1874).

Committee assignments:

• H. Education and Labor (42^nd-43^rd Congresses)
• H. Militia (43^rd Congress)

ELLISON, KEITH. Democrat; Minnesota, 5^th District. Elected to the 110^th-115^th Congresses (served Jan. 4, 2007-Jan. 3, 2019).

Committee assignments:

• H. Financial Services (110^th-115^th Congresses)
• H. Judiciary (110^th Congress)
• H. Foreign Affairs (111^th Congress)

ESPY, ALPHONSO MICHAEL (MIKE). Democrat; Mississippi, 2^nd District. Elected to the 100^th-103^rd Congresses (served Jan. 6, 1987, until his resignation on Jan. 25, 1993).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (100^th-102^nd Congresses)
• H. Budget (101^st-102^nd Congresses)
• H. Select Hunger (101^st-102^nd Congresses)
• Jt. Deficit Reduction (100^th Congress)

EVANS, DWIGHT. Democrat; Pennsylvania, 2^nd District. Elected to the 114^th Congress to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Chaka Fattah; also elected to the 115^th-116^th Congresses (served Nov. 8, 2016-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (115^th Congress)
• H. Small Business (115^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Ways and Means (116^th Congress)

EVANS, MELVIN HERBERT. Republican; Delegate from the U.S. Virgin Islands. Elected to the 96^th Congress (served Jan. 3, 1979-Jan. 3, 1981).

Committee assignments:

• H. Armed Services (96^th Congress)
• H. Interior and Insular Affairs (96^th Congress)
• H. Merchant Marine and Fisheries (96^th Congress)

FATTAH, CHAKA. Democrat. Pennsylvania, 2^nd District. Elected to the 104^th-114^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1995, until his resignation June 23, 2016).

Committee assignments:

• H. Government Reform and Oversight/Government Reform (104^th-106^th Congresses)
• H. Education and the Workforce/Economic and Education (104^th-106^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (104^th Congress)
• H. Standards of Official Conduct (105^th-106^th Congresses)
• H. Administration (106^th-107^th Congresses)
• Jt. Printing (106^th-107^th Congresses)
• Appropriations (107^th-114^th Congresses)

FAUNTROY, WALTER EDWARD. Democrat; Delegate from the District of Columbia. Elected to the 92^nd Congress in a special election after the District of Columbia was authorized to elect a delegate; reelected to the 93^rd-101^st Congresses (served April 19, 1971-Jan. 3, 1991). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 97^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. District of Columbia (92^nd-101^st Congresses)
• H. Banking and Currency/Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs (93^rd-101^st Congresses)
• H. Select Assassinations (94^th-95^th Congresses)
• H. Select Narcotics Abuse and Control (98^th-101^st Congresses)

FIELDS, CLEO. Democrat; Louisiana, 4^th District. Elected to the 103^rd-104^th Congresses (served Jan. 5, 1993-Jan. 3, 1997).

Committee assignments:

• H. Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs/Banking and Financial Services (103^rd-104^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (103^rd-104^th Congresses)

FLAKE, FLOYD HAROLD. Democrat; New York, 6^th District. Elected to the 100^th-105^th Congresses (served Jan. 6, 1987, until his resignation on Nov. 15, 1997).

Committee assignments:

• H. Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs/Banking and Financial Services (100^th-105^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (100^th-105^th Congresses)
• H. Government Operations (103^rd Congress)
• H. Select Children, Youth and Families (100^th Congress)
• H. Select Hunger (100^th-102^nd Congresses)

FORD, HAROLD EUGENE, Sr. Democrat; Tennessee, 8^th District (94^th-97^th Congresses); 9^th District (98^th-104^th Congresses). Elected to the 94^th-104^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1975-Jan. 3, 1997).

Committee assignments:

• H. Veterans' Affairs (94^th Congress)
• H. Banking, Currency, and Housing (94^th Congress)
• H. Ways and Means (94^th-104^th Congresses)
• H. Select Aging (94^th-102^nd Congresses)
• H. Select Assassinations (94^th-95^th Congresses)

FORD, HAROLD EUGENE, Jr. Democrat; Tennessee, 9^th District. Elected to the 105^th-109^th Congresses (served Jan. 7, 1997-Jan. 3, 2007).

Committee assignments:

• H. Education and the Workforce (105^th-107^th Congresses)
• H. Government Reform and Oversight/Government Reform (105^th-106^th Congresses)
• H. Financial Services (107^th-109^th Congresses)
• H. Budget (108^th-109^th Congresses)

FRANKS, GARY. Republican; Connecticut, 5^th District. Elected to the 102^nd-104^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1991-Jan. 3, 1997).

Committee assignments:

• H. Armed Services (102^nd Congress)
• H. Small Business (102^nd Congress)
• H. Select Aging (102^nd Congress)
• H. Energy and Commerce (103^rd Congress)
• H. Commerce (104^th Congress)

FRAZER, VICTOR O. Independent; Delegate from the U.S. Virgin Islands. Elected to the 104^th Congress (served Jan. 3, 1995-Jan. 3, 1997).

Committee assignments:

• H. International Relations (104^th Congress)

FUDGE, MARCIA F. Democrat; Ohio, 11^th District. Elected to the 110^th Congress in a Nov. 4, 2008, special election to fill vacancy caused by death of Stephanie Tubbs Jones; reelected to the 111^th-116^th Congresses (served Nov. 19, 2008-present). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 113^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Education and Labor/Education and the Workforce (111^th Congress; 113^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Science and Technology/Science, Space and Technology (111^th-112^th Congresses)
• H. Agriculture (112^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. House Administration (116^th Congress)

GRAY, WILLIAM HERBERT III. Democrat; Pennsylvania, 2^nd District. Elected to the 96^th-102^nd Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1979, until his resignation on Sept. 11, 1991).

Committee assignments:

• H. Budget (96^th, 98^th-100^th Congresses; chair, 99^th-100^th Congresses)
• H. District of Columbia (96^th-102^nd Congresses)
• H. Foreign Affairs (96^th Congress)
• H. Appropriations (97^th-102^nd Congresses)
• H. House Administration (102^nd Congress)
• Jt. Deficit Reduction (100^th Congress)

GREEN, AL. Democrat; Texas, 9^th District. Elected to the 109^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 4, 2005-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Financial Services (109^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Science (109^th Congress)
• H. Homeland Security (110^th-111^th, 116^th Congresses)
• H. Foreign Affairs (111^th Congress)

HALL, KATIE BEATRICE. Democrat; Indiana, 1^st District. Elected to the 97^th Congress in a Nov. 2, 1982, special election to fill vacancy caused by death of Adam Benjamin Jr.; reelected to the 98^th Congress (served Nov. 29, 1982-Jan. 3, 1985).

Committee assignments:

• H. Post Office and Civil Service (98^th Congress)
• H. Public Works and Transportation (98^th Congress)

HARALSON, JEREMIAH. Republican; Alabama, 1^st District. Elected to the 44^th Congress. (served March 4, 1875-March 3, 1877)

Committee assignments:

• H. Public Expenditures (44^th Congress)

HARRIS, KAMALA DEVI. Democrat; California, Senator. Elected in 2016 (served Jan. 3, 2017-present).

Committee assignments:

• S. Budget (115^th-116^th Congresses)
• S. Environment and Public Works (115^th Congress)
• S. Homeland Security (115^th-116^th Congresses)
• S. Judiciary (115^th-116^th Congresses)
• S. Select Intelligence (115^th-116^th Congresses)

HASTINGS, ALCEE LAMAR. Democrat; Florida, 20^th District. Elected to the 103^rd-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 5, 1993-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Foreign Affairs/International Relations (103^rd-107^th Congresses)
• H. Merchant Marine and Fisheries (103^rd Congress)
• H. Post Office and Civil Service (103^rd Congress)
• H. Science (104^th-105^th Congresses)
• H. Select Intelligence (106^th-111^th Congresses)
• H. Rules (107^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Standards of Official Conduct (110^th Congress)

HAWKINS, AUGUSTUS FREEMAN (GUS). Democrat; California, 21^st District (88^th-93^rd Congresses); 29^th (94^th-101^st Congresses). Elected to the 88^th-101^st Congresses (served from Jan. 3, 1963-Jan. 3, 1991).

Committee assignments:

• H. Education and Labor (88^th-101^st Congresses; chair, 98^th-101^st Congresses)
• H. House Administration (91^st-98^th Congresses; chair, 97^th-98^th Congresses)
• Jt. Printing (95^th-98^th Congresses; chair, 96^th and 98^th Congresses)
• Jt. Library (97^th-98^th Congresses; chair, 97^th Congress)
• Jt. Economic (97^th-101^st Congresses)

HAYES, CHARLES ARTHUR. Democrat; Illinois, 1^st District. Elected to the 98^th Congress in a Aug. 23, 1983, special election to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Harold Washington; reelected to the 99^th-102^nd Congresses (served Aug. 23, 1983-Jan. 3, 1993).

Committee assignments:

• H. Education and Labor (98^th-102^nd Congresses)
• H. Small Business (98^th-101^st Congresses)
• H. Post Office and Civil Service (101^st-102^nd Congresses)

HAYES, JAHANA. Democrat; Connecticut, 5^th District. Elected to the 116^th Congress (served Jan. 3, 2019-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (116^th Congress)
• H. Education and Labor (116^th Congress)

HILLIARD, EARL FREDERICK. Democrat; Alabama, 7^th District. Elected to the 103^rd-107^th Congresses (served Jan. 5, 1993-Jan. 3, 2003).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (103^rd-107^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (103^rd-104^th Congresses)
• H. International Relations (105^th-107^th Congresses)

HORSFORD, STEVEN. Democrat; Nevada, 4^th District. Elected to the 113^th and 116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2013-Jan. 3, 2015; Jan. 3, 2019-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Homeland Security (113^th Congress)
• H. Natural Resources (113^th, 116^th Congresses)
• H. Oversight and Government Reform (113^th Congress)
• H. Budget (116^th Congress)
• H. Ways and Means (116^th Congress)

HURD, WILLIAM BALLARD. Republican; Texas, 23^rd District. Elected to the 114^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2015-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Homeland Security (114^th-115^th Congresses)
• H. Oversight and Government Reform (114^th-115^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (114^th Congress)
• H. Permanent Select Intelligence (115^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Appropriations (116^th Congress)

HYMAN, JOHN ADAMS. Republican; North Carolina, 2^nd District. Elected to the 44^th Congress (served March 4, 1875-March 3, 1977).

Committee assignments:

• H. Manufactures (44^th Congress)

JACKSON, JESSE L., Jr. Democrat; Illinois, 2^nd District. Elected to the 104^th Congress in a special election to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Mel Reynolds; reelected to the 105^th-113^th Congress, but declined to serve in the 113^th Congress (served Dec. 14, 1995, until his resignation Nov. 21, 2012).

Committee assignments:

• H. Banking and Financial Services (104^th-105^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (104^th-105^th Congresses)
• H. Appropriations (106^th-112^th Congresses)

JACKSON LEE, SHEILA. Democrat; Texas, 18^th District. Elected to the 104^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1995-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Judiciary (104^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Science (104^th-109^th Congresses)
• H. Homeland Security (108^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Foreign Affairs (110^th-111^th Congresses)
• H. Budget (116^th Congress)

JEFFERSON, WILLIAM JENNINGS. Democrat; Louisiana, 2^nd District. Elected to the 102^nd-110^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1991-Jan. 3, 2009).

Committee assignments:

• H. Education and Labor (102^nd Congress)
• H. Merchant Marine and Fisheries (102^nd Congress)
• H. District of Columbia (103^rd Congress)
• H. Ways and Means (103^rd, 105^th-109^th Congresses)
• H. National Security (104^th Congress)
• H. House Oversight (104^th Congress)
• H. Budget (109^th Congress)
• H. Small Business (110^th Congress)
• Jt. Printing (104^th Congress)

JEFFRIES, HAKEEM. Democrat; New York, 8^th District. Elected to the 113^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2013-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Budget (113^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Education and the Workforce (114^th Congress)
• H. Judiciary (113^th-116^th Congresses)

JOHNSON, EDDIE BERNICE. Democrat; Texas, 30^th District. Elected to the 103^rd-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1993-present). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 107^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Public Works and Transportation (103^rd Congress)
• H. Science, Space, and Technology/Science and Technology (103^rd-116^th Congresses; ranking member, 112^th-115^th Congresses; chair, 116^th Congress)
• H. Transportation and Infrastructure (104^th-116^th Congresses)

JOHNSON, HENRY C. (HANK), Jr. Democrat; Georgia, 4^th District. Elected to the 110^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 4, 2007-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Armed Services (110^th-114^th Congresses)
• H. Judiciary (110^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (110^th Congress)
• H. Transportation and Infrastructure (115^th-116^th Congresses)

JONES, BRENDA. Democrat; Michigan, 13^th District. Elected to the 115^th Congress in a Nov. 6, 2018 special election to fill vacancy caused by resignation of John Conyers (served Nov. 29, 2018-Jan. 3, 2019).

No committee assignments listed.

JONES, STEPHANIE TUBBS. Democrat; Ohio, 11^th District. Elected to the 106^th-110^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1999, until her death on August 20, 2008).

Committee assignments:

• H. Banking and Financial Services (106^th Congress)
• H. Financial Services (107^th Congress)
• H. Small Business (106^th-107^th Congresses)
• H. Standards of Official Conduct (107^th-110^th Congresses; chair, 110^th Congress)
• H. Ways and Means (108^th-110^th Congresses)

JORDAN, BARBARA C. Democrat; Texas, 18^th District. Elected to the 93^rd-95^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1973-Jan. 3, 1979).

Committee assignments:

• H. Judiciary (93^rd-95^th Congresses)
• H. Government Operations (94^th-95^th Congresses)

KELLY, ROBIN. Democrat; Illinois, 2^nd District. Elected to the 113^th Congress in an April 9, 2013, special election to vacancy caused by resignation of Jesse Jackson Jr.; reelected to the 114^th-116^th Congresses (served April 11, 2013-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Oversight and Government Reform/Oversight and Reform (113^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Science, Space, and Technology (113^th Congress)
• H. Foreign Affairs (114^th-115^th Congresses)
• H. Energy and Commerce (116^th Congress)

KILPATRICK, CAROLYN CHEEKS. Democrat; Michigan, 15^th District (105^th-107^th Congresses) and 13^th District (108^th-111^th Congresses). Elected to the 105^th-111^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1997-Jan. 3, 2011). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 110^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Banking and Financial Services (105^th Congress)
• H. House Oversight (105^th Congress)
• Jt. Library (105^th Congress)
• H. Appropriations (106^th-111^th Congresses)

LANGSTON, JOHN MERCER. Republican; Virginia, 4^th District. Elected to the 51^st Congress (served from September 23, 1890-March 3, 1891, after he successfully contested the election of Edward Venable).

Committee assignments:

• H. Education (51^st Congress)

LAWRENCE, BRENDA L. Democrat; Michigan, 14^th District. Elected to the 114^th-116^th Congress (served Jan. 3, 2015-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Oversight and Government Reform/Oversight and Reform (114^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (114^th Congress)
• H. Transportation and Infrastructure (115^th Congress)
• H. Appropriations (116^th Congress)

LAWSON, ALFRED, Jr. Democrat; Florida, 3^rd District. Elected to the 115^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2017-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (115^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (115^th Congress)
• H. Financial Services (116^th Congress)

LEE, BARBARA. Democrat; California, 9^th District (105^th-112^th Congresses); 13^th District (113^th -116^th Congresses). Elected to the 105^th Congress in an April 7, 1998, special election to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Ronald Dellums; reelected to the 106^th-116^th Congresses (served April 20, 1998-present). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 111^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Banking and Financial Services (105^th-106^th Congresses)
• H. Financial Services (107^th-109^th Congresses)
• H. Science (105^th Congress)
• H. International Relations/Foreign Affairs (107^th-111^th Congresses)
• H. Appropriations (110^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Budget (113^th-116^th Congresses)

LELAND, GEORGE THOMAS (Mickey). Democrat; Texas, 18^th District. Elected to the 96^th-101^st Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1979, until his death Aug. 7, 1989). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 99^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. District of Columbia (96^th-99^th Congresses)
• H. Interstate and Foreign Commerce (96^th-101^st Congresses)
• H. Post Office and Civil Service (96^th-101^st Congresses)
• H. Select Hunger (98^th-101^st Congress; chair, 98^th-101^st Congresses)
• H. Select Children, Youth, and Families (98^th Congress)

LEWIS, JOHN R. Democrat; Georgia, 5^th District. Elected to the 100^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 6, 1987-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Public Works and Transportation (100^th-102^nd Congresses)
• H. Interior and Insular Affairs (100^th-102^nd Congresses)
• H. Select Aging (101^st-102^nd Congresses)
• H. District of Columbia (103^rd Congress)
• H. Ways and Means (103^rd-116^th Congresses)
• H. Budget (108^th Congress)
• Jt. Taxation (115^th Congress)

LONG, JEFFERSON FRANKLIN. Republican; Georgia, 4^th District. Elected to the 41^st Congress after the House declared that Rep. Samuel Gove was not entitled to the seat (served Jan. 16, 1871-March 3, 1871).

No committee assignments listed.

LOVE, MIA B. Republican; Utah, 4^th District. Elected to the 114^th-115^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2015-Jan. 3, 2019).

Committee assignment:

• H. Financial Services (114^th-115^th Congresses)

LYNCH, JOHN ROY. Republican; Mississippi, 6^th District. Elected to the 43^rd, 44^th, and 47^th Congresses (served March 4, 1873-March 3, 1877 and April 29, 1882-March 3, 1883 after he successfully contested the election of James Chalmers).

Committee assignments:

• H. Mines and Mining (43^rd-44^th Congresses)
• H. Militia (47^th Congress)
• H. Education and Labor (47^th Congress)

MAJETTE, DENISE L. Democrat; Georgia, 4^th District. Elected to the 108^th Congress (served Jan. 3, 2003-Jan. 3, 2005).

Committee assignments:

• H. Budget (108^th Congress)
• H. Education and the Workforce (108^th Congress)
• H. Small Business (108^th Congress)

MCBATH, LUCY. Democrat; Georgia, 6^th District. Elected to the 116^th Congress (served Jan. 3, 2019-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Judiciary (116^th Congress)
• H. Education and Labor (116^th Congress)

MCEACHIN, ASTON DONALD. Democrat; Virginia, 4^th District. Elected to the 115^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2017-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Armed Services (115^th Congress)
• H. Natural Resources (115^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Energy and Commerce (116^th Congress)
• H. Select Committee on the Climate Crisis (116^th Congress)

MCKINNEY, CYNTHIA. Democrat; Georgia, 11^th District (103^rd-104^th Congresses) and 4^th District (105^th-107^th Congress and 109^th Congress). Elected to the 103^rd-107^th Congresses and to the 109^th Congress (served Jan. 3, 1993-Jan. 3, 2003; Jan. 3, 2005-Jan. 3, 2007).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (103^rd-104^th Congresses)
• H. Banking and Finance (104^th-105^th Congresses)
• H. Foreign Affairs/International Relations (103^rd -107^th Congresses)
• H. Armed Services/National Security (105^th-107^th Congresses; 109^th Congress)
• H. Budget (109^th Congress)

MEEK, CARRIE. Democrat; Florida, 17^th District. Elected to the 103^rd-107^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1993-Jan. 3, 2003).

Committee assignments:

• H. Appropriations (103^rd Congress; 105^th-107^th Congresses)
• H. Budget (104^th Congress)
• H. Government Reform and Oversight (104^th Congress)

MEEK, KENDRICK B. Democrat; Florida, 17^th District. Elected to the 108^th-111^th Congresses (served from Jan. 7, 2003-Jan. 3, 2011).

Committee assignments:

• H. Armed Services (108^th-111^th Congresses)
• H. Homeland Security (108^th-109^th Congresses)
• H. Ways and Means (110^th-111^th Congresses)

MEEKS, GREGORY W. Democrat; New York, 5^th District. Elected to the 105^th Congress in a Feb. 3, 1998, special election to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Floyd Flake; reelected to 106^th-116^th Congresses (served Feb. 3, 1998-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Banking and Financial Services/Financial Services (105^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. International Relations/Foreign Affairs (106^th-116^th Congresses)

METCALFE, RALPH HAROLD. Democrat; Illinois, 1^st District. Elected to the 92^nd-95^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1971, until his death October 10, 1978).

Committee assignments:

• H. Interstate and Foreign Commerce (92^nd-95^th Congresses)
• H. Merchant Marine and Fisheries (92^nd-95^th Congresses)
• H. Post Office and Civil Service (95^th Congress)

MFUME, KWEISI. Democrat; Maryland, 7^th District. Elected to the 100^th-104^th Congresses (served Jan. 6, 1987, until his resignation on Feb. 16, 1996). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 103^rd Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs/Banking and Financial Services (100^th-104^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (100^th-104^th Congresses)
• H. Education and Labor (101^st Congress)
• H. Select Narcotics Abuse and Control (101^st-102^nd Congresses)
• Jt. Economic (102^nd-104^th Congresses)
• H. Standards of Official Conduct (103^rd Congress)
• H. Select Hunger (100^th Congress)

MILLENDER-McDONALD, JUANITA. Democrat; California, 37^th District. Elected to the 104^th Congress in a March 26, 1996, special election to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Walter Tucker; reelected to the 105^th-110^th Congresses (served April 16, 1996, until her death April 22, 2007).

Committee assignments:

• H. Small Business (104^th-110^th Congresses)
• H. Transportation and Infrastructure (104^th-110^th Congresses)
• H. Administration (108^th-110^th Congresses; ranking member, 109^th Congress; chair, 110^th Congress)
• Jt. Library (108^th-110^th Congresses)
• Jt. Printing (109^th-110^th Congresses)

MILLER, THOMAS EZEKIEL. Republican; South Carolina, 7^th District. Elected to the 51^st Congress (served Sept. 24, 1890-March 3, 1891, after successfully contesting the election of William Elliott).

Committee assignments:

• H. Library of Congress (51^st Congress)

MITCHELL, ARTHUR WERGS. Democrat; Illinois, 1^st District. Elected to the 74^th-77^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1935-Jan. 3, 1943).

Committee assignments:

• H. Post Office and Post Roads (74^th-77^th Congresses)

MITCHELL, PARREN JAMES. Democrat; Maryland, 7^th District. Elected to the 92^nd-99^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1971-Jan. 3, 1987). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 95^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Banking and Currency/Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs (92^nd-99^th Congresses)
• H. Select Small Business (92^nd-93^rd Congresses)
• H. Small Business (94^th, 96^th-99^th Congresses; chair, 97^th-99^th Congresses)
• H. Budget (93^rd-95^th Congresses)
• Jt. Defense Production (94^th-95^th Congresses)
• Jt. Economic (95^th-99^th Congresses; vice chair, 95^th Congress)

MOORE, GWENDOLYNNE (GWEN). Democrat; Wisconsin, 4^th District. Elected to the 109^th- 116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2005-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Financial Services (109^th-115^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (109^th-111^th Congresses)
• H. Budget (110^th-114^th Congresses)
• H. Ways and Means (116^th Congress)

MOSELEY-BRAUN, CAROL. Democrat; Illinois, Senator. Elected in 1992 (served Jan. 3, 1993-Jan. 3, 1999).

Committee assignments:

• S. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs (103^rd-105^th Congresses)
• S. Judiciary (103^rd Congress)
• S. Small Business (103^rd Congress)
• S. Finance (104^th-105^th Congresses)
• S. Special Aging (104^th-105^th Congresses)

MURRAY, GEORGE WASHINGTON. Republican; South Carolina, 1^st District. Elected to the 53^rd-54^th Congresses (served March 4, 1893-March 3, 1895, and June 4, 1896-March 3, 1897, after successfully contesting the election).

Committee assignments:

• H. Education (53^rd-54^th Congresses)
• H. Expenditures in the Department of the Treasury (54^th Congress)

NASH, CHARLES EDMUND. Republican; Louisiana, 6^th District. Elected to the 44^th Congress (served March 4, 1875-March 3, 1877).

Committee assignments:

• H. Education and Labor (44^th Congress)

NEGUSE, JOE. Democrat; Colorado, 2^nd District. Elected to the 116^th Congress (served Jan. 3, 2019-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Judiciary (116^th Congress)
• H. Natural Resources (116^th Congress)
• H. Select Committee on the Climate Crisis (116^th Congress)

NIX, ROBERT NELSON CORNELIUS, Sr. Democrat; Pennsylvania, 4^th District (85^th-87^th Congresses); 2^nd District (88^th-95^th Congresses). Elected to the 85^th-95^th Congresses (served June 4, 1958-Jan. 3, 1979).

Committee assignments:

• H. Merchant Marine and Fisheries (85^th-86^th Congresses)
• H. Foreign Affairs (87^th-93^rd Congresses)
• H. International Relations (94^th-95^th Congresses)
• H. Veterans' Affairs (85^th-86^th Congresses)
• H. Post Office and Civil Service (88^th-95^th Congresses; chair, 95^th Congress)
• H. Select Standards and Conduct (89^th Congress)
• H. Crime (91^st Congress)

NORTON, ELEANOR HOLMES. Democrat; Delegate from the District of Columbia. Elected to the 102^nd-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1991-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. District of Columbia (102^nd-103^rd Congresses)
• H. Post Office and Civil Service (102^nd-103^rd Congresses)
• H. Public Works and Transportation/Transportation and Infrastructure (102^nd-116^th Congresses)
• Jt. Committee on the Organization of Congress (103^rd Congress)
• H. Small Business (104^th Congress)
• H. Oversight and Government Reform/Government Reform/Oversight and Reform (104^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Homeland Security (108^th-111^th Congresses)

OBAMA, BARACK. Democrat; Illinois. Senator. Elected in 2004 (served Jan. 4, 2005, until his resignation Nov. 16, 2008, after being elected President of the United States).

Committee assignments:

• S. Environment and Public Works (109^th-110^th Congresses)
• S. Foreign Relations (109^th-110^th Congresses)
• S. Veterans' Affairs (109^th-110^th Congresses)
• S. Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (110^th Congress)
• S. Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (110^th Congress)

O'HARA, JAMES EDWARD. Republican; North Carolina, 2^nd District. Elected to the 48^th-49^th Congresses (served March 4, 1883-March 3, 1887).

Committee assignments:

• H. Mines and Mining (48^th Congress)
• H. Expenditures on Public Buildings (49^th Congress)
• H. Invalid Pensions (49^th Congress)

OMAR, ILHAN. Democrat; Minnesota, 5^th District. Elected to the 116^th Congress (served Jan. 3, 2019-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Budget (116^th Congress)
• H. Foreign Affairs (116^th Congress)
• H. Education and Labor (116^th Congress)

OWENS, MAJOR ROBERT ODELL. Democrat; New York, 11^th District. Elected to the 98^th-110^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1983-Jan. 3, 2007).

Committee assignments:

• H. Education and Labor/Economic and Educational Opportunities/Education and the Workforce (98^th-109^th Congresses)
• H. Government Operations/Reform and Oversight (98^th-109^th Congresses)

PAYNE, DONALD MILFORD, Sr. Democrat; New Jersey, 10^th District. Elected to the 101^st-112^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1989, until his death March 6, 2012). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 104^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Education and Labor/Economic and Educational Opportunities/Education and the Workforce (101^st-112^th Congresses)
• H. Foreign Affairs/International Relations (101^st-112^th Congress)
• H. Government Operations (101^st-103^rd Congresses)

PAYNE, DONALD MILFORD, Jr. Democrat; New Jersey, 10^th District. Elected to the 112^th Congress Nov. 6, 2012, to fill vacancy caused by death of his father Donald Payne Sr.; simultaneously elected to the 113^th Congress; reelected to the 114^th-116^th Congresses (served Nov. 6, 2012-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Homeland Security (113^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (113^th-114^th Congresses)
• H. Transportation and Infrastructure (115^th-116^th Congresses)

PLASKETT, STACEY E. Democrat; Delegate from the U.S. Virgin Islands. Elected to the 114^th- 116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2015-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (114^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Oversight and Government Reform/Oversight and Reform (114^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Transportation and Infrastructure (116^th Congress)

POWELL, ADAM CLAYTON, Jr. Democrat; New York, 22^nd District (79^th-82^nd Congresses); 16^th District (83^rd-87^th Congresses); 18^th District (88^th-89^th and 91^st Congresses). Elected to the 79^th-90^th Congress, but was not seated in the 90^th Congress; and to the 91^st Congress (served Jan. 3, 1945-Jan. 3, 1967, and Jan. 3, 1969-Jan. 3, 1971).

Committee assignments:

• H. Indian Affairs (79^th Congress)
• H. Invalid Pensions (79^th Congress)
• H. Labor/Education and Labor (79^th-89^th and 91^st Congresses; chair, 87^th-89^th Congresses)
• H. Interior and Insular Affairs (84^th-86^th Congresses)

PRESSLEY, AYANNA. Democrat; Massachusetts, 7^th District. Elected to the 116^th Congress (served Jan. 3, 2019-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Oversight and Reform (116^th Congress)
• H. Financial Services (116^th Congress)

RAINEY, JOSEPH HAYNE. Republican; South Carolina, 1^st District. Elected to the 41^st Congress after the seat declared vacant, and to the 42^nd-45^th Congresses (served Dec. 12, 1870- March 3, 1879).

Committee assignments:

• H. Freedmen's Affairs (41^st-42^nd Congresses)
• H. Indian Affairs (43^rd Congress)
• H. Invalid Pensions (44^th-45^th Congresses)
• H. Select Celebration of Proposed National Census of 1875 (43^rd Congress)

RANGEL, CHARLES B. Democrat; New York, 18^th District (92^nd Congress); 19^th District (93^rd-97^th Congresses); 16^th District (98^th-102^nd Congresses); 15^th District (103^rd-112^th Congresses); 13^th District (113^th-114^th Congresses). Elected to the 92^nd-114^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1971-Jan. 3, 2017). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 94^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Public Works (92^nd Congress)
• H. Science and Astronautics (92^nd Congress)
• H. Judiciary (92^nd-93^rd Congresses)
• H. District of Columbia (93^rd Congress)
• H. Ways and Means (94^th-114^th Congresses; committee chair, 110^th-111^th Congresses; ranking Member, 105^th-109^th Congresses)
• H. Select Crime (92^nd-93^rd Congresses)
• H. Select Narcotics Abuse and Control (94^th-102^nd Congresses; chair, 98^th-102^nd Congresses)
• Jt. Taxation (104^th-105^th, 108^th, 111^th, and 114^th Congresses; chair, 111^th Congress)

RANSIER, ALONZO JACOB. Republican; South Carolina, 2^nd District. Elected to the 43^rd Congress (served March 3, 1873-March 3, 1875).

Committee assignments:

• H. Manufactures (43^rd Congress)

RAPIER, JAMES THOMAS. Republican; Alabama, 2^nd District. Elected to the 43^rd Congress (served March 4, 1873-March 3, 1875).

Committee assignments:

• H. Education and Labor (43^rd Congress)

REVELS, HIRAM RHODES. Republican; Mississippi, Senator. Elected in 1870 (served Feb. 23, 1870-March 3, 1871).

Committee assignments:

• S. Education and Labor (41^st Congress)
• S. District of Columbia (41^st Congress)

REYNOLDS, MEL. Democrat; Illinois, 2^nd District. Elected to the 103^rd-104^th Congresses (served Jan. 5, 1993, until his resignation October 1, 1995).

Committee assignments:

• H. Ways and Means (103^rd Congress)
• H. Economic and Education Opportunities (104^th Congress)

RICHARDSON, LAURA. Democrat, California, 37^th District. Elected to the 110^th Congress in an August 21, 2007, special election to fill vacancy caused by death of Juanita Millender-McDonald; reelected to the 111^th-112^th Congresses (served Sept. 4, 2007, to Jan. 3, 2013).

Committee assignments:

• H. Science and Technology (110^th Congress)
• H. Transportation and Infrastructure (110^th-112^th Congresses)
• H. Homeland Security (111^th-112^th Congresses)

RICHMOND, CEDRIC. Democrat; Louisiana, 2^nd District. Elected to the 112^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2011-present). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 115^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Judiciary (113^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Homeland Security (112^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (112^th Congress)

RUSH, BOBBY L. Democrat; Illinois, 1^st District. Elected to the 103^rd-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 4, 1993-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs (103^rd Congress)
• H. Government Operations (103^rd Congress)
• H. Science, Space and Technology (103^rd Congress)
• H. Commerce/Energy and Commerce (104^th-116^th Congresses)

SAVAGE, GUS. Democrat; Illinois. 2^nd District. Elected to the 97^th-102^nd Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1981-Jan. 3, 1993).

Committee assignments:

• H. Post Office and Civil Service (97^th Congress)
• H. Public Works and Transportation (97^th-102^nd Congresses)
• H. Small Business (97^th-102^nd Congresses)

SCOTT, DAVID. Democrat; Georgia, 13^th District. Elected to the 108^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 7, 2003-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (108^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Financial Services (108^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Foreign Affairs (111^th Congress)

SCOTT, ROBERT C. "Bobby". Democrat; Virginia, 3^rd District. Elected to the 103^rd-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 4, 1993-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Education and Labor/Economic and Educational Opportunities/Education and the Workforce (103^rd-107^th, 109^th-116^th Congresses; chair, 116^th Congress)
• H. Judiciary (103^rd-113^th Congresses)
• H. Science, Space, and Technology (103^rd Congress)
• H. Select U.S. National Security and Military/Commercial Concerns with the People's Republic of China (106^th Congress)
• H. Budget (108^th, 110^th, 116^th Congresses)
• H. Standards of Official Conduct (110^th Congress)
• Jt. Select Solvency of Multiemployer Pension Plans (115^th Congress)

SCOTT, TIM. Republican; South Carolina, 1^st District, Senator. Elected to the 112^th Congress (served in House Jan. 3, 2011, until his resignation Jan. 2, 2013). Appointed to the Senate in January 2013 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Jim DeMint; reelected to the remainder of the term in 2014 and to a full term in 2016 (served in Senate Jan. 3, 2013-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Rules (112^th Congress)
• S. Armed Services (115^th Congress)
• S. Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs (114^th-116^th Congresses)
• S. Commerce, Science and Transportation (113^th Congress)
• S. Energy and Natural Resources (113^th Congress)
• S. Finance (114^th-116^th Congresses)
• S. Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (113^th-116^th Congresses)
• S. Small Business and Entrepreneurship (113^th-116^th Congresses)
• S. Special Aging (113^th-116^th Congresses)

SEWELL, TERRYCINA ("TERRI"). Democrat; Alabama, 7^th District. Elected to the 112^th- 116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2011-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (112^th Congress)
• H. Science, Space and Technology (112^th Congress)
• H. Financial Services (113^th-114^th Congresses)
• H. Intelligence (113^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Ways and Means (115^th-116^th Congresses)

SMALLS, ROBERT. Republican; South Carolina, 7^th District. Elected to the 44^th-45^th and 47^th-49^th Congresses (served March 4, 1875-March 3, 1879; July 19, 1992-March 3, 1883, after he successfully contested the reelection of George Tillman, and March 18, 1884-March 3, 1887, after he was elected to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Edmund Mackey).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (44^th, 47^th Congresses)
• H. Militia (45^th Congress)
• H. Manufactures (48^th Congress)
• H. War Claims (49^th Congress)

STEWART, BENNETT MCVEY. Democrat; Illinois, 1^st District. Elected to the 96^th Congress. (served Jan. 3, 1979-Jan. 3, 1981)

Committee assignments:

• H. Appropriations (96^th Congress)

STOKES, LOUIS. Democrat; Ohio, 21^st District (91^st-102^nd Congresses); 11^th District (103^rd-105^th Congresses). Elected to the 91^st-105^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1969 to Jan. 3, 1999). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 93^rd Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Education and Labor (91^st Congress)
• H. Internal Security (91^st Congress)
• H. Appropriations (92^nd-105^th Congress)
• H. Budget (95^th-96^th Congresses)
• H. Standards of Official Conduct (96^th-98^th and 102^nd Congresses; chair, 97^th-98^th and 102^nd Congresses)
• H. Select Assassinations (94^th-95^th Congresses; chair, 95^th Congress)
• H. Select Intelligence (98^th-100^th Congresses)
• H. Select to Investigate Arms Transactions to Iran (100^th Congress)

THOMPSON, BENNIE. Democrat; Mississippi, 2^nd District. Elected to the 103^rd Congress in an April 13, 1993, special election to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Mike Espy; reelected to the 104^th-116^th Congresses (served April 13, 1993-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (103^rd-108^th Congresses)
• H. Merchant Marine and Fisheries (103^rd Congress)
• H. Small Business (103^rd-104^th Congresses)
• H. Budget (105^th-107^th Congresses)
• H. Homeland Security (108^th-116^th Congresses; chair 110^th-111^th Congresses; ranking Member, 112^th-115^th Congresses; chair, 116^th Congress)

TOWNS, EDOLPHUS. Democrat; New York, 11^th District (98^th-102^nd Congresses); 10^th District (103^rd-112^th Congresses). Elected to the 98^th-112^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1983-Jan. 23, 2013). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 102^nd Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Government Operations/Government Reform and Oversight/Oversight and Government Reform (98^th-112^th Congresses; chair, 111^th Congress)
• H. Public Works and Transportation (98^th-104^th Congresses)
• H. Energy and Commerce/Commerce (101^st-110^th and 112^th Congresses)
• H. Select Narcotics Abuse and Control (98^th-102^nd Congresses)

TUCKER, WALTER R., III. Democrat; California, 37^th District. Elected to the 103^rd-104^th Congresses (served Jan. 5, 1993, until his resignation on December 15, 1995).

Committee assignments:

• H. Public Works and Transportation/Transportation and Infrastructure (103^rd- 104^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (103^rd-104^th Congresses)

TURNER, BENJAMIN STERLING. Republican; Alabama, 1^st District. Elected to the 42^nd Congress (served March 4, 1871-March 3, 1873).

Committee assignments:

• H. Invalid Pensions (42^nd Congress)

UNDERWOOD, LAUREN. Democrat; Illinois, 14^th District. Elected to the 116^th Congress (served Jan. 3, 2019-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Homeland Security (116^th Congress)
• H. Veterans' Affairs (116^th Congress)
• H. Education and Labor (116^th Congress)

VEASEY, MARC. Democrat; Texas, 33^rd District. Elected to 113^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2015-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Armed Services (113^th-115^th Congresses)
• H. Science, Space and Technology (113^th-115^th Congresses)
• H. Energy and Commerce (116^th Congress)
• H. Small Business (116^th Congress)

WALDON, ALTON R., Jr. Democrat; New York, 6^th District. Elected to the 99^th Congress in a June 10, 1986, special election to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Joseph P. Addabbo (served July 29, 1986-Jan. 3, 1987).

Committee assignments:

• H. Education and Labor (99^th Congress)

WALLS, JOSIAH THOMAS. Republican; Florida, At-Large (42^nd and 43^rd Congresses); 2^nd District (44^th Congress). Elected to the 42^nd-44^th Congresses (served March 4, 1871-Jan. 29, 1873, when his election was successfully contested; March 4, 1873-March 3, 1875; and March 4, 1875-April 19, 1876, when his election was successfully contested).

Committee assignments:

• H. Militia (42^nd-43^rd Congresses)
• H. Mileage (44^th Congress)

WASHINGTON, CRAIG ANTHONY. Democrat; Texas, 18^th District. Elected to the 101^st Congress in a Dec. 9, 1989, special election to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mickey Leland; reelected to the 102^nd-103^rd Congresses (served Dec. 9, 1989-Jan. 3, 1995).

Committee assignments:

• H. Education and Labor (101^st-102^nd Congresses)
• H. Judiciary (101^st-103^rd Congresses)
• H. Energy and Commerce (103^rd Congress)
• H. Government Operations (103^rd Congress)
• H. Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control (102^nd Congress)

WASHINGTON, HAROLD. Democrat; Illinois, 1^st District. Elected to the 97^th-98^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1981, until his resignation April 29, 1983).

Committee assignments:

• H. Government Operations (97^th Congress)
• H. Education and Labor (97^th-98^th Congresses)
• H. Judiciary (97^th-98^th Congresses)

WATERS, MAXINE. Democrat; California, 29^th District (102^nd Congress), 35^th District (103^rd- 112^th Congresses), and 43^rd District (113^th Congress-present). Elected to the 102^nd-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1991-present). Chair, Congressional Black Caucus, 105^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs/Banking and Financial Services/Financial Services (102^nd-116^th Congresses; ranking member, 113^th-115^th Congresses; chair, 116^th Congress)
• H. Veterans' Affairs (102^nd-104^th Congresses)
• H. Small Business (103^rd-104^th Congresses)
• H. Judiciary (105^th-112^th Congresses)

WATSON, DIANE. Democrat; California, 32^nd District (107^th Congress) and 33^rd District (108^th- 111^th Congresses). Elected to the 107^th Congress in a June 5, 2001, special election to fill vacancy caused by death of Julian Dixon; reelected to the 108^th-111^th Congresses (served June 7, 2001-Jan. 3, 2011).

Committee assignments:

• H. Government Reform/Oversight and Government Reform (107^th-111^th Congresses)
• H. International Relations/Foreign Affairs (107^th-111^th Congresses)

WATSON COLEMAN, BONNIE. Democrat; New Jersey, 12^th District. Elected to the 114^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2015-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Homeland Security (114^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Oversight and Government Reform (114^th-115^th Congresses)
• H. Appropriations (116^th Congress)

WATT, MELVIN L. Democrat; North Carolina, 12^th District. Elected to the 103^rd-113^th Congresses (served Jan. 5, 1993, until his resignation Jan. 6, 2014). Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, 109^th Congress.

Committee assignments:

• H. Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs/Banking and Financial Services/ Financial Services (103^rd-113^th Congresses)
• H. Post Office and Civil Service (103^rd Congress)
• H. Judiciary (103^rd-113^th Congresses)
• Jt. Economic (107^th-108^th Congresses)

WATTS, JULIUS CAESAR, Jr. (J.C.) Republican; Oklahoma, 4^th District. Elected to the 104^th-107^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1995-Jan. 3, 2003).

Committee assignments:

• H. Banking and Financial Services (104^th Congress)
• H. National Security (104^th-105^th Congress)
• H. Transportation and Infrastructure (105^th-106^th Congresses)
• H. Armed Services (106^th-107^th Congresses)

WEST, ALLEN Republican; Florida, 22^nd District. Elected to the 112^th Congress (served Jan, 3, 2011-Jan. 3, 2013).

Committee assignments:

• H. Armed Services (112^th Congress)
• H. Small Business (112^th Congress)

WHEAT, ALAN DUPREE. Democrat; Missouri, 5^th District. Elected to the 98^th-103^rd Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1983-Jan. 3, 1995).

Committee assignments:

• H. District of Columbia (98^th-103^rd Congresses)
• H. Rules (98^th-103^rd Congresses)
• H. Select Children, Youth, and Families (98^th-102^nd Congresses)
• H. Select Hunger (101^st-102^nd Congresses)

WHITE, GEORGE HENRY. Republican; North Carolina, 2^nd District. Elected to the 55^th-56^th Congresses (served March 4, 1897-March 3, 1901).

Committee assignments:

• H. Agriculture (55^th Congress)
• H. District of Columbia (55^th-56^th Congresses)

WILSON, FREDERICA. Democrat; Florida, 17^th District (112^th Congress), 24^th District (113^th Congress-present). Elected to the 112^th-116^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 2011-present).

Committee assignments:

• H. Foreign Affairs (112^th Congress)
• H. Science, Space and Technology (112^th-113^th Congresses)
• H. Education and the Workforce (114^th-116^th Congresses)
• H. Transportation and Infrastructure (115^th-116^th Congresses)

WYNN, ALBERT RUSSELL. Democrat; Maryland, 4^th District. Elected to the 103^rd-110^th Congresses (served Jan. 5, 1993-May 31, 2008).

Committee assignments:

• H. Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs/Banking and Financial Services (103^rd-104^th Congresses)
• H. Foreign Affairs/International Relations (103^rd-104^th Congresses)
• H. Post Office and Civil Service (103^rd Congress)
• H. Commerce/Energy and Commerce (105^th-110^th Congresses)

YOUNG, ANDREW JACKSON, Jr. Democrat; Georgia, 5^th District. Elected to the 93^rd-95^th Congresses (served Jan. 3, 1973, until his resignation on Jan. 29, 1977).

Committee assignments:

• H. Banking, Currency and Housing (93^rd Congress)
• H. Rules (94^th Congress)

Author Contact Information

Acknowledgments

This report was originally authored by Mildred Amer, formerly a specialist in American National Government at CRS. Colleen J. Shogan, formerly Deputy Director and Senior Specialist at CRS, is a former coauthor. Raymond T. Williams, former research assistant, provided research assistance for this version. Sarah J. Eckman, Neal Arp II, and Erin Hemlin provided research assistance for prior versions.

Footnotes

1.	Available at https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/black-americans-congress-1870-2019-0.
2.	Available at https://history.house.gov/historiography.aspx. The 2008 volume and its predecessors were printed pursuant to concurrent resolutions adopted by Congress periodically since the 1970s: H.Con.Res. 182, 95th Congress, a concurrent resolution providing for the printing as a House document of the pamphlet entitled "Black Americans in Congress," November 3, 1977. This resulted in the printing of H.Doc. 95-258. H.Con.Res. 170, 101st Congress, a concurrent resolution authorizing the printing of the book entitled "Black Americans in Congress," November 20, 1989. This resulted in the printing of H.Doc. 101-117. H.Con.Res. 43, 107th Congress, a concurrent resolution authorizing the printing of a revised and updated version of the House document entitled "Black Americans in Congress, 1870-1989," April 6, 2001. This resulted in the printing of H.Doc. 108-224.
3.	The idea of "representation," including its forms and variations, has long been debated among political scientists and political theorists. For a discussion, see Hanna F. Pitkin, The Concept of Representation (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1967).
4.	For example: David Lublin, The Paradox of Representation: Racial Gerrymandering and Minority Interests in Congress (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997); Kenny J. Whitby, The Color of Representation: Congressional Behavior and Black Interests (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997); David T. Canon, "Electoral Systems and the Representation of Minority Interests in Legislatures," Legislative Studies Quarterly, vol. 24:331-85 (1999); David T. Canon, Race, Redistricting, and Representation: The Unintended Consequences of Black Majority Districts (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999); Carol M. Swain, Black Faces, Black Interests, Enlarged Edition (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, Inc., 2006); Daniel C. Bowen and Christopher J. Clark, "Revisiting Descriptive Representation in Congress: Assessing the Effect of Race on the Constituent–Legislator Relationship," Political Research Quarterly, vol. 67, no. 3 (September 2014), pp. 695-707; Shane A. Gleason and Christopher T. Stout, "Who Is Empowering Who: Exploring the Causal Relationship Between Descriptive Representation and Black Empowerment," Journal of Black Studies, vol. 45, no. 7 (October 2014), pp. 635-659; and Nolan Kopkin, "Substantive Black Political Representation: Evidence from Matching Estimates in the United States House of Representatives," The Review of Black Political Economy, vol. 44, no. 3-4 (2017), pp. 203-232.
5.	For example: Charles Cameron, David Epstein, and Sharon O'Halloran, "Do Majority-Minority Districts Maximize Substantive Black Representation in Congress?" American Political Science Review, vol. 90, pp. 794-812, 1996); David Lublin, "Racial Redistricting and African-American Representation: A Critique of 'Do Majority-Minority Districts Maximize Substantive Black Representation in Congress?'" The American Political Science Review, vol. 93, no. 1 (March 1999), pp. 183-186; Vincent L. Hutchings, Harwood K. McClerking, and Guy-Uriel Charles, "Congressional Representation of Black Interests: Recognizing the Importance of Stability," Journal of Politics, vol. 66, no. 2 (2004), pp. 450-468; and Christina R. Rivers, Congressional Black Caucus, Minority Voting Rights, and the U.S. Supreme Court (University of Michigan Press, 2012).
6.	See, for example, CRS Report R44798, Congressional Redistricting Law: Background and Recent Court Rulings, by L. Paige Whitaker, Congressional Redistricting Law: Background and Recent Court Rulings, by L. Paige Whitaker; and CRS Report R44199, Congressional Redistricting: Legal and Constitutional Issues, by L. Paige Whitaker, Congressional Redistricting: Legal and Constitutional Issues, by L. Paige Whitaker.
7.	For example: Claudine Gay, "Spirals of Trust: The Effect of Descriptive Representation on the Relationship Between Citizens and their Government," American Journal of Political Science, vol. 46, p. 717 (2002); Richard F. Fenno, Going Home: Black Representatives and Their Constituencies (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003); John D. Griffin and Michael Keane, "Descriptive Representation and the Composition of African American Turnout," American Journal of Political Science, vol. 50, no. 4 (October 2006), pp. 998-1012; Christian R. Grose, Maurice Mangum, and Christopher Martin, "Race, Political Empowerment, and Constituency Service: Descriptive Representation and the Hiring of African-American Congressional Staff," Polity, vol. 39, no. 4 (October 2007), pp. 449-478; Claudine Gay, "Legislating without Constraints: The Effect of Minority Districting on Legislator Responsiveness to Constituency Preferences," The Journal of Politics, vol. 69, no. 2 (May 2007), pp. 442-456; Kenny J. Whitby, "The Effect of Black Descriptive Representation on Black Electoral Turnout in the 2004 Elections," Social Science Quarterly, vol. 88, no. 4 (December 2007), pp. 1010-1023; Thomas L. Brunell, Christopher J. Anderson, and Rachel K. Cremona, "Descriptive Representation, District Demography, and Attitudes Toward Congress Among African Americans," Legislative Studies Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 2 (May 2008), pp. 223-244; Whose Black Politics? Cases in Post-Racial Black Leadership, ed. Andra Gillespie (New York: Routledge, 2010); Phillip J. Ardoin, "Why Don't You Tweet? The Congressional Black Caucus' Social Media Gap," Race, Gender, and Class, vol. 20, no. 1-2 (2013), pp. 130-140; and Bernard L. Fraga, "Candidates or Districts? Reevaluating the Role of Race in Voter Turnout," American Journal of Political Science, vol. 60, no. 1 (January 2016), pp. 97-122.
8.	For example: Kerry L. Haynie, "African Americans and the New Politics of Inclusion," in Congress Reconsidered, ed. Lawrence C. Dodd and Bruce I. Oppenheimer, 8th ed. (Washington: CQ Press, 2005), pp. 395-409; Scott A. Frisch and Sean Q. Kelly, Committee Assignment Politics in the U.S. House of Representatives (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2006); Katrina L. Gamble, "Black Political Representation: An Examination of Legislative Activity within U.S. House Committees," Legislative Studies Quarterly, vol. 32, no. 3 (August 2007), pp. 421-447; Franklin G. Mixon Jr. and Amanda C. Pagels, "Are Congressional Black Caucus Members More Reliable? Loyalty Screening and Committee Assignments of Newly Elected Legislators," The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, vol. 66, no. 2 (April 2007), pp. 413-432; Katrina L. Gamble, "Black Voice: Deliberation in the United States Congress," Polity, vol. 43, no. 3 (July 2011), pp. 291-312; Michael S. Rocca, Gabriel R. Sanchez, and Jason L. Morin, "The Institutional Mobility of Minority Members of Congress," Political Research Quarterly, vol. 64, no. 4 (December 2011), pp. 897-909; John D. Griffin and Michael Keane, "Are African Americans Effectively Represented in Congress?" Political Research Quarterly, vol. 64, no. 1 (March 2011), pp. 145-156; Gbemende Johnson, Bruce I. Oppenheimer, and Jennifer L. Selin, "The House as a Stepping Stone to the Senate: Why Do So Few African American House Members Run?" American Journal of Political Science, vol. 56, no. 2 (April 2012), pp. 387-399; Stella M. Rouse, Michele L. Swers, and Michael D. Parrott, "Gender, Race, and Coalition Building: Agenda Setting as a Mechanism for Collaboration Among Minority Groups in Congress," paper delivered for presentation at the American Political Science Association Meeting (2013); and Katherine Tate, Concordance: Black Lawmaking in the U.S. Congress from Carter to Obama (University of Michigan Press, 2014).
9.	For example: Charles E. Jones, "United We Stand, Divided We Fall: An Analysis of the Congressional Black Caucus' Voting Behavior, 1975-1980," Phylon, vol. 48, no. 1 (First quarter, 1987), pp. 26-37; Roxanne L. Gile and Charles E. Jones, "Congressional Racial Solidarity: Exploring Congressional Black Caucus Voting Cohesion, 1971-1990," Journal of Black Studies, vol. 25, no. 5 (May 1995), pp. 622-641; Neil Pinney and George Serra, "The Congressional Black Caucus and Vote Cohesion: Placing the Caucus within House Voting Patterns," Political Research Quarterly, vol. 52, no. 3 (September 1999), pp. 583-608; Michael S. Rocca, Gabriel R. Sanchez, and Ron Nikora, "The Role of Personal Attributes in African American Roll-Call Voting Behavior in Congress," Political Research Quarterly, vol. 62, no. 2 (June 2009), pp. 408-414.
10.	For example: Edward O. Erhagbe, "The Congressional Black Caucus and United States Policy Toward Africa:1971-1990," Transafrican Journal of History, vol. 24 (1995), pp. 84-96; Joseph Uscinski, Michael S. Rocca, Gabriel R. Sanchez, and Marina Brenden, "Congress and Foreign Policy: Congressional Action on the Darfur Genocide," PS: Political Science and Politics, vol. 42, no. 3 (July 2009), pp. 489-496; Michael D. Minta and Valeria Sinclair-Chapman, "Diversity in Political Institutions and Congressional Responsiveness to Minority Interests," Political Research Quarterly, vol. 66, no. 1 (March 2013), pp. 127-140.
11.	For information on the Seventeenth Amendment, see National Archives, "The Constitution: Amendments 11-27," at https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/amendments-11-27#toc-amendment-xvii; and Congressional Research Service, "Seventeenth Amendment—Popular Election of Senators," in Constitution Annotated, at http://www.crs.gov/conan/details/?mode=topic&doc=Amendment17.xml&t=1&c=1.
12.	For information on the CBC CMO, see the website of the Congressional Black Caucus at https://cbc.house.gov/. For additional historical information, see http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Historical-Essays/Permanent-Interest/Congressional-Black-Caucus/.
13.	Number includes CMOs listed as of May 16, 2019. For a list of CMOs in the 116th Congress, see U.S. House of Representatives, "Creation and Evolution of the Congressional Black Caucus," at https://cha.house.gov/sites/democrats.cha.house.gov/files/documents/cmo_cso_docs/116th_CMOs.pdf.
14.	H.Res. 6 (104th Congress), §222. These groups were previously referred to as Legislative Service Organizations (LSOs).
15.	Rules of the House adopted for the 114th and subsequent Congresses made changes to the accounting of CMOs (H.Res. 5, §3(p), 114th Congress; H.Res. 5, §(3)(n), 115th Congress; H.Res. 6, §103(p), 116th Congress) by allowing a "Member of the House of Representatives and an eligible Congressional Member Organization [to] enter into an agreement" to allow for a transfer of funds from the MRA to a "dedicated account in the House of Representatives which is administered by the Organization," subject to regulations adopted by the Committee on House Administration.
16.	For information, see Committee on House Administration, "Congressional Member Organizations," in Members' Congressional Handbook, at https://cha.house.gov/handbooks/members-congressional-handbook#Members-Handbook-Organizations-CMO.
17.	For information, see the website of the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation at https://www.cbcfinc.org/.
18.	For additional information, refer to CRS Report RL30567, Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019, by Valerie Heitshusen, Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019, by Valerie Heitshusen.
19.	U.S. Congress, House, Office of the Historian, "Black Americans in Party Leadership Positions, 1977-Present," http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Historical-Data/Black-Americans-in-Party-Leadership-Positions/.
20.	For additional information, refer to the "Black Americans Who Have Chaired Congressional Committees in the U.S. House, 1873-present" table of the Black Americans in Congress website at http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Historical-Data/Black-American-Chairs-of-Congressional-Committees/.
21.	This total does not include one African American House Committee Chairman who died in October 2019.
22.	This number includes one female Senator who is of African American and Asian ancestry. For additional information, see U.S. Congress, House, Office of the Historian, Black Americans in Congress, at http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Black-Americans-in-Congress/.
23.	Inclusion for this report is based on entry in U.S. Congress, House, Office of the Historian, Black Americans in Congress, at http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Black-Americans-in-Congress/. It does not include additional Members who might identify as African American, or as having African ancestry, but are not included in this publication. See the "Source Note" section for additional information. Prior to the adoption of the Twentieth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, effective October 15, 1933, the terms of Representatives and Senators began on March 4, in conformance with a resolution of the Continental Congress implementing the Constitution (adopted September 13, 1788). The Twentieth Amendment provides inter alia that the terms of Representatives and Senators shall commence at noon on January 3, in the year following their election. The first Congress affected by the Twentieth Amendment was the 74th (1935-1937). Members elected to fill a vacancy are sworn in and commence their terms as soon as possible, as do Senators appointed to fill a vacancy. The names and jurisdiction of House and Senate committees have changed many times over the years. In the interest of brevity, this report does not identify all historical name changes. The committee names listed are for the most part those in effect at the time a Member served on the panel.