The House Appropriations Committee passed its FY2017 Agriculture appropriations bill (H.R. 5054, H.Rept. 114-531) on April 19, 2016, the earliest action on Agriculture appropriations in over two decades (Figure 1; Appendix). The discretionary total of the House-reported bill and its "302(b)" allocation1 is $21.299 billion, which would be $451 million less than enacted in FY2016 (-2.1%). The bill also carries mandatory spending totaling $126.4 billion, bringing the overall total to $147.7 billion (Table 1).
The Senate Appropriations Committee has not yet marked up an Agriculture appropriations bill. But it adopted a "302(b)" discretionary allocation for the Agriculture subcommittee of $21.250 billion, which would be $250 million less than FY2016 (-1.2%). After adjusting for jurisdiction differences between the House and the Senate Agriculture appropriations subcommittees regarding the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC),2 the Senate's FY2017 Agriculture allocation would allow $201 million more than the House bill.
The Senate's discretionary caps are set so as not to trigger sequestration under limits established by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (P.L. 114-74). The House has not yet passed a budget and the Appropriations Committee has not made allocations for all of its subcommittees.3
The White House released its FY2017 budget request on February 9, 2016.4 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) concurrently released its detailed budget justification.5 The Administration's request is for $21.556 billion of discretionary budget authority by agencies in the House Agriculture appropriations jurisdiction, $257 million more than the House bill.
The Agriculture appropriations act funds all of USDA, except for the U.S. Forest Service. It also funds the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the Department of Health and Human Services. In even-numbered fiscal years, the enacted Agriculture bill carries CFTC funding under the compromise for jurisdictional differences between the House and Senate (see footnote 2).
Agriculture appropriations include both mandatory and discretionary spending, but discretionary amounts are the primary focus during the bill's development, since mandatory amounts are generally set by authorizing laws such as the farm bill. The scope of the appropriation can be shown by the major allocations in the FY2016 appropriation (Figure 2). The largest discretionary spending items are domestic nutrition, agricultural research, rural development, FDA, foreign food aid, farm assistance programs, food safety inspection, conservation, and animal and plant health. The main mandatory spending items are the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, child nutrition, crop insurance, and the Commodity Credit Corporation (which pays for the farm commodity, conservation, and other mandatory USDA programs).
Figure 1. Timeline of Action on Agriculture Appropriations, FY1997-F2017 |
Source: CRS. |
The House-reported bill is officially $451 million smaller in discretionary appropriations than FY2016 (the reduction in the "302(b)" allocation). The bill achieves this primarily by increasing offsets by $617 million over the FY2016 level through greater rescissions of prior-appropriations, CHIMPS (changes in mandatory program spending), and scorekeeping adjustments. However, the budget authority provided for agencies in the major titles of the bill actually increases by $166 million over FY2016 (the top of the shaded bars in Figure 3). Budgetary changes for agencies in the House-reported bill that are over $10 million include the following (Table 2):
The House-reported bill does not provide any increase for CFTC, as requested by the Administration.
Over time, changes by title of the Agriculture appropriations bill have generally been proportionate to changes in the bill's total discretionary limit, though some activities have sustained relative increases and decreases. Nominal Agriculture appropriations peaked in FY2010 and declined through FY2013. Since then, total Agriculture appropriations have increased since FY2014 (Figure 3). However, whether that increase returns the appropriation to various historical benchmarks depends upon inflation adjustments and other factors.
The stacked bars in Figure 3 represent the discretionary spending authorized for each title in the 10 years since FY2008. The total of the positive stacked bars is the budget authority authorized in Titles I-VI. It is higher than the official "302(b)" discretionary spending limit (the line) because of the budgetary offset from negative amounts in Title VII General Provisions and other scorekeeping adjustments. General Provisions are negative mostly because of limits placed on mandatory programs, which are scored as savings and referred to as "Changes in Mandatory Program Spending (CHIMPS)." See Title VII, General Provisions, in Table 2 for examples.
For example, in the FY2017 House-reported bill, budget authority for the primary agencies in the bill (Titles I-VI) increases $166 million (the top of the stacked bars in Figure 3) even though the official discretionary spending allocation decreases $451 million (the line and dots in Figure 3).
Increases in the use of CHIMPS and other tools to offset discretionary appropriations ameliorated reductions in discretionary budget authority in FY2011 and succeeding years. For example, the official "302(b)" discretionary total for the bill was given credit for declining 13.6% in FY2011, while the total of Titles I-VI declined only 6.4% that year (Figure 3). The effect is less pronounced in FY2016, since the offset was smaller, in part because of additional spending in General Provisions for foreign food aid and emergency programs.
Some areas have sustained real increases, while others have declined (apart from the peak in 2010). Agencies with sustained real increases (that is, inflation-adjusted; Figure 4) since FY2008 include FDA and CFTC (Related Agencies) and, to a lesser extent, foreign food assistance. Areas with real decreases in discretionary spending since 2008 include conservation, general agricultural programs, and domestic nutrition programs. Rural development also had a real decrease over the same period, though FY2016 may have reversed that trend.
On an inflation-adjusted basis, total FY2016 Agriculture appropriations (especially the cumulative total of Title I-VI) remain below the FY2009-FY2011 amounts (Figure 4), as opposed to showing an increase in the nominal amount (Figure 3). Since FY2014, the inflation-adjusted Agricultural appropriation has been roughly constant. It is also on par with FY2012 and is in between the amounts for FY2008 and FY2009.
Table 1. Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations, by Title, FY2016-FY2017
(budget authority in millions of dollars)
FY2016 |
FY2017 |
Change: FY2016 to FY2017 House |
||||
Title of Agriculture Appropriations Act |
Admin. Request |
House H.R. 5054 |
Senate |
Enacted |
||
I. Agricultural Programs: Discretionary |
7,020.3 |
7,091.1 |
7,015.7 |
— |
— |
-4.6 |
Mandatory (M)a |
16,032.6 |
23,638.4 |
23,638.4 |
— |
— |
+7,605.8 |
Subtotal |
23,052.9 |
30,729.5 |
30,654.1 |
— |
— |
+7,601.2 |
II. Conservation Programs |
863.8 |
861.3 |
868.2 |
— |
— |
+4.4 |
III. Rural Development |
2,950.0 |
3,015.9 |
3,036.4 |
— |
— |
+86.4 |
IV. Domestic Food Programs: Discretionary |
6,838.9 |
6,932.4 |
6,880.5 |
— |
— |
+41.6 |
Mandatory (M) |
102,958.1 |
104,830.9 |
102,803.0 |
— |
— |
-155.2 |
Subtotal |
109,797.0 |
111,763.3 |
109,683.4 |
— |
— |
-113.6 |
V. Foreign Assistance |
1,868.5b |
1,752.3 |
1,870.9 |
— |
— |
+2.4 |
VI. Food and Drug Administration |
2,729.6 |
2,742.7 |
2,765.6 |
— |
— |
+36.0 |
Commodity Futures Trading Commission |
250.0 |
330.0 |
250.0 |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
VII. General Provisions: CHIMPSc & rescissions |
-865.0 |
-645.7 |
-914.7 |
— |
— |
-49.7 |
Disaster/Emergency programs |
273.0 |
0.0 |
5.0 |
— |
— |
-268.0 |
Other appropriations |
283.1b |
0.0 |
45.5 |
— |
— |
-237.6 |
Scorekeeping adjustmentsd |
-332.0 |
-524.0 |
-524.0 |
— |
— |
-192.0 |
Subtract disaster declaration in this bill |
-130.0 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
+130.0 |
Totals |
||||||
Discretionary: Senate basis w/o CFTC |
[21,500.0] |
21,225.9 |
[21,049.0] |
21,250.0 |
— |
-451.0 |
Discretionary: House basis w/ CFTC |
21,750.0 |
21,555.9 |
21,299.0 |
[21,500.0] |
— |
-451.0 |
Mandatory (M) |
118,990.7 |
128,469.3 |
126,441.4 |
— |
— |
+7,450.7 |
Total: House basis w/ CFTC |
140,740.7 |
150,025.3 |
147,740.4 |
— |
— |
+6,999.7 |
Source: CRS, using referenced appropriations text and report tables, and unpublished Congressional Budget Office (CBO) tables. FY2017 House committee bill and report are available at http://appropriations.house.gov. FY2017 Senate subcommittee allocation is available at http://www.appropriations.senate.gov/hearings.
Notes: Amounts are nominal budget authority in millions of dollars. Amounts are discretionary authority unless labeled otherwise. Bracketed amounts are not in the official totals due to differing House-Senate jurisdiction for the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).
a. Includes some mandatory funding from other titles, particularly mandatory conservation programs.
b. In addition to the FY2016 appropriation in Title V, an extra $250 million for Food for Peace Title II grants was appropriated under General Provisions. The effective total for Title V is $2.118 billion for FY2016.
c. Changes in Mandatory Program Spending (CHIMPS) are reductions made to mandatory programs.
d. "Scorekeeping adjustments" are not necessarily appropriated items and may not be shown in appropriations committee tables but are part of the official CBO score (accounting) of the bill. They predominantly include "negative subsidies" in loan program accounts and adjustments for disaster designations in the bill.
Table 2. Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations, by Agency, FY2014-FY2017
(budget authority in millions of dollars)
FY2014 |
FY2015 |
FY2016 |
FY2017 |
||||||
Agency or Major Program |
Admin. Request |
House H.R. 5054 |
Senate |
Enacted |
Change from FY2016 to FY2017 House |
||||
Title I. Agricultural Programs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Departmental Administration |
526.1 |
364.5 |
373.2 |
448.7 |
392.4 |
— |
— |
+19.2 |
+5.1% |
Research, Education and Economics |
|||||||||
Agricultural Research Service |
1,122.5 |
1,177.6 |
1,355.9 |
1,255.8 |
1,251.4 |
— |
— |
-104.5 |
-7.7% |
National Institute of Food & Agriculture |
1,277.1 |
1,289.5 |
1,326.5 |
1,374.0 |
1,341.2 |
— |
— |
+14.7 |
+1.1% |
National Agricultural Statistics Service |
161.2 |
172.4 |
168.4 |
176.6 |
168.4 |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
+0.0% |
Economic Research Service |
78.1 |
85.4 |
85.4 |
91.3 |
86.0 |
— |
— |
+0.6 |
+0.7% |
Under Secretary, Research, Education, Econ. |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
+0.0% |
Marketing and Regulatory Programs |
|||||||||
Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service |
824.9 |
874.5 |
897.6 |
904.4 |
934.0 |
— |
— |
+36.4 |
+4.1% |
Agricultural Marketing Service |
81.3 |
82.4 |
82.5 |
83.2 |
83.5 |
— |
— |
+1.0 |
+1.2% |
Section 32 (M) |
1,107.0 |
1,284.0 |
1,303.0 |
1,322.0 |
1,322.0 |
— |
— |
+19.0 |
+1.5% |
Grain Inspection, Packers, Stockyards Admin. |
40.3 |
43.0 |
43.1 |
43.5 |
43.1 |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
+0.0% |
Under Secretary, Marketing and Regulatory |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
+0.0% |
Food Safety |
|||||||||
Food Safety & Inspection Service |
1,010.7 |
1,016.5 |
1,014.9 |
1,030.4 |
1,030.4 |
— |
— |
+15.5 |
+1.5% |
Under Secretary, Food Safety |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
+0.0% |
Farm and Commodity Programs |
|||||||||
Farm Service Agencya |
1,592.2 |
1,603.3 |
1,595.1 |
1,613.6 |
1,607.5 |
— |
— |
+12.4 |
+0.8% |
FSA Farm Loans: Loan Authorityb |
5,527.3 |
6,402.1 |
6,402.1 |
6,655.1 |
6,667.1 |
— |
— |
+265.0 |
+4.1% |
Risk Management Agency Salaries & Exp. |
71.5 |
74.8 |
74.8 |
66.6 |
74.8 |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
+0.0% |
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (M) |
9,502.9 |
8,930.5 |
7,858.0 |
8,839.1 |
8,839.1 |
— |
— |
+981.1 |
+12.5% |
Commodity Credit Corporation (M) |
12,538.9 |
13,444.7 |
6,871.1 |
13,476.9 |
13,476.9 |
— |
— |
+6,605.7 |
+96.1% |
Under Secretary, Farm and Foreign Agr. |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
+0.0% |
Subtotal |
|||||||||
Discretionary |
6,789.0 |
6,786.9 |
7,020.3 |
7,091.1 |
7,015.7 |
— |
— |
-4.6 |
-0.1% |
Mandatory (M) |
23,149.1 |
23,659.7 |
16,032.6 |
23,638.4 |
23,638.4 |
— |
— |
+7,605.8 |
+47.4% |
Subtotal |
29,938.1 |
30,446.6 |
23,052.9 |
30,729.5 |
30,654.1 |
— |
— |
+7,601.2 |
+33.0% |
Title II. Conservation Programs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Conservation Operations |
812.9 |
846.4 |
850.9 |
860.4 |
855.3 |
— |
— |
+4.4 |
+0.5% |
Watershed Rehabilitation Program |
12.0 |
12.0 |
12.0 |
— |
12.0 |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
+0.0% |
Under Secretary, Natural Resources |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
+0.0% |
Subtotal |
825.8 |
859.3 |
863.8 |
861.3 |
868.2 |
— |
— |
+4.4 |
+0.5% |
Title III. Rural Development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaries and Expenses (including transfers)c |
657.4 |
678.2 |
682.9 |
698.5 |
672.8 |
— |
— |
-10.0 |
-1.5% |
Rural Housing Service |
1,279.6 |
1,298.4 |
1,616.4 |
1,616.9 |
1,653.5 |
— |
— |
+37.0 |
+2.3% |
RHS Loan Authorityb |
27,408.1 |
27,421.5 |
27,496.8 |
27,433.2 |
27,653.4 |
— |
— |
+156.6 |
+0.6% |
Rural Business-Cooperative Serviced |
130.2 |
103.2 |
90.5 |
149.5 |
110.4 |
— |
— |
+19.9 |
+22.0% |
RBCS Loan Authorityb |
1,022.8 |
984.5 |
979.3 |
1,116.0 |
998.7 |
— |
— |
+19.3 |
+2.0% |
Rural Utilities Service |
501.6 |
501.7 |
559.3 |
550.1 |
598.8 |
— |
— |
+39.5 |
+7.1% |
RUS Loan Authorityb |
7,514.5 |
7,464.1 |
8,210.6 |
7,993.8 |
8,210.0 |
— |
— |
-0.6 |
-0.0% |
Under Secretary, Rural Development |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
+0.0% |
Subtotal |
2,569.7 |
2,582.4 |
2,950.0 |
3,015.9 |
3,036.4 |
— |
— |
+86.4 |
+2.9% |
Subtotal, RD Loan Authorityb |
35,945.4 |
35,870.1 |
36,686.7 |
36,543.0 |
36,862.1 |
— |
— |
+175.4 |
+0.5% |
Title IV. Domestic Food Programs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Child Nutrition Programs (M) |
19,288.0 |
21,300.2 |
22,149.7 |
23,230.7 |
23,175.7 |
— |
— |
+1,025.9 |
+4.6% |
WIC Program |
6,715.8 |
6,623.0 |
6,350.0 |
6,350.0 |
6,350.0 |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
+0.0% |
SNAP, Food & Nutrition Act Programs (M) |
82,169.9 |
81,837.6 |
80,849.4 |
81,689.2 |
79,673.3 |
— |
— |
-1,176.1 |
-1.5% |
Commodity Assistance Programs |
269.7 |
278.5 |
296.2 |
313.1 |
315.1 |
— |
— |
+18.9 |
+6.4% |
Nutrition Programs Administration |
141.3 |
150.8 |
150.8 |
179.4 |
168.5 |
— |
— |
+17.7 |
+11.7% |
Under Secretary, Food, Nutrition & Consumer |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
+0.0% |
Subtotal |
|||||||||
Discretionary |
7,152.7 |
7,094.1 |
6,838.9 |
6,932.4 |
6,880.5 |
— |
— |
+41.6 |
+0.6% |
Mandatory (M) |
101,432.9 |
103,096.7 |
102,958.1 |
104,830.9 |
102,803.0 |
— |
— |
-155.2 |
-0.2% |
Subtotal |
108,585.6 |
110,190.9 |
109,797.0 |
111,763.3 |
109,683.4 |
— |
— |
-113.6 |
-0.1% |
Title V. Foreign Assistance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Foreign Agricultural Service |
177.9 |
181.4 |
191.6 |
196.6 |
194.6 |
— |
— |
+3.0 |
+1.6% |
Food for Peace Title II, and admin. expenses |
1,468.7 |
1,468.5 |
1,468.5e |
1,350.1 |
1,466.1 |
— |
— |
-2.4 |
-0.2% |
Local and regional food procurement |
— |
— |
— |
15.0 |
— |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
— |
McGovern-Dole Food for Education |
185.1 |
191.6 |
201.6 |
182.0 |
201.6 |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
+0.0% |
CCC Export Loan Salaries |
6.7 |
6.7 |
6.7 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
— |
— |
+1.8 |
+26.5% |
Subtotal |
1,838.5 |
1,848.3 |
1,868.5e |
1,752.3 |
1,870.9 |
— |
— |
+2.4 |
+0.1% |
Title VI. Related Agencies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Food and Drug Administration |
2,560.7 |
2,597.3 |
2,729.6 |
2,742.7 |
2,765.6 |
— |
— |
+36.0 |
+1.3% |
Commodity Futures Trading Commissionf |
215.0 |
[250.0] |
250.0 |
330.0 |
250.0 |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
+0.0% |
Subtotal |
2,775.7 |
2,597.3 |
2,979.6 |
3,072.7 |
3,015.6 |
— |
— |
+36.0 |
+1.2% |
Title VII. General Provisions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reductions in Mandatory Programsg |
|||||||||
a. Environmental Quality Incentives Program |
-272.0 |
-136.0 |
-209.0 |
— |
-209.0 |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
+0.0% |
b. Watershed Rehabilitation Program |
-153.0 |
-69.0 |
-68.0 |
-54.0 |
-54.0 |
— |
— |
+14.0 |
-20.6% |
c. Conservation Stewardship Program |
— |
-7.0 |
— |
— |
-5.0 |
— |
— |
-5.0 |
— |
d. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program |
-119.0 |
-122.0 |
-125.0 |
-125.0 |
-125.0 |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
+0.0% |
e. Biorefinery Assistance Program |
-40.7 |
-16.0 |
-19.0 |
— |
-30.0 |
— |
— |
-11.0 |
+57.9% |
f. Biomass Crop Assistance Program |
— |
-2.0 |
-20.0 |
— |
-20.0 |
— |
— |
+0.0 |
+0.0% |
g. The Emergency Food Assistance Program |
— |
— |
— |
— |
+19.0 |
— |
— |
+19.0 |
— |
h. Cushion of Credit (Rural Development) |
-172.0 |
-179.0 |
-179.0 |
-151.5 |
-151.5 |
— |
— |
+27.5 |
-15.4% |
i. Section 32 |
-189.0 |
-121.0 |
-216.0 |
-311.0 |
-231.0 |
— |
— |
-15.0 |
+6.9% |
j. Other CHIMPS and rescissions |
-8.0 |
-133.0 |
+5.0 |
+0.0 |
-4.0 |
— |
— |
-9.0 |
-180.0% |
Subtotal, CHIMPS |
-953.7 |
-785.0 |
-831.0 |
-641.5 |
-810.5 |
— |
— |
+20.5 |
-2.5% |
Rescissions (discretionary) |
-33.3 |
-17.0 |
-34.0 |
-4.2 |
-104.2 |
— |
— |
-70.2 |
+206.5% |
Other appropriations |
|||||||||
a. Disaster/emergency programs |
— |
116.0 |
273.0 |
— |
5.0 |
— |
— |
-268.0 |
-98.2% |
b. Other appropriations |
106.6 |
6.6 |
283.1e |
— |
45.5 |
— |
— |
-237.6 |
-83.9% |
Subtotal, Other appropriations |
106.6 |
122.6 |
556.1 |
— |
50.5 |
— |
— |
-505.6 |
-90.9% |
Total, General Provisions |
-880.4 |
-679.4 |
-308.9 |
-645.7 |
-864.2 |
— |
— |
-555.3 |
+179.8% |
Scorekeeping Adjustmentsh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Disaster declaration in this bill |
— |
-116.0 |
-130.0 |
— |
— |
+130.0 |
-100.0% |
||
Other scorekeeping adjustments |
-191.0 |
-398.0 |
-332.0 |
-524.0 |
-524.0 |
— |
— |
-192.0 |
+57.8% |
Subtotal |
-191.0 |
-514.0 |
-462.0 |
-524.0 |
-524.0 |
— |
— |
-62.0 |
+13.4% |
Totals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discretionary: Senate basis w/o CFTC |
[20,665.0] |
20,575.0 |
[21,500.0] |
21,225.9 |
[21,049.0] |
21,250.0 |
— |
-451.0 |
-2.1% |
Discretionary: House basis w/ CFTC |
20,880.0 |
[20,825.0] |
21,750.0 |
21,555.9 |
21,299.0 |
[21,500.0] |
— |
-451.0 |
-2.1% |
Mandatory (M) |
124,582.0 |
126,756.5 |
118,990.7 |
128,469.3 |
126,441.4 |
— |
— |
+7,450.7 |
+6.3% |
Total: House basis w/ CFTC |
145,462.0 |
147,581.5 |
140,740.7 |
150,025.3 |
147,740.4 |
— |
— |
+6,999.7 |
+5.0% |
Source: CRS, using referenced appropriations text and report tables, and unpublished Congressional Budget Office (CBO) tables. FY2017 Senate subcommittee allocation is available at http://www.appropriations.senate.gov/hearings.
Notes: Amounts are nominal budget authority in millions of dollars. Amounts are discretionary authority unless labeled otherwise; (M) indicates that the account is mandatory authority (or primarily mandatory authority). Bracketed amounts are not in the official totals due to differing House-Senate jurisdiction for CFTC but are shown for comparison.
a. Includes regular FSA salaries and expenses, plus transfers for farm loan program salaries and administrative expenses. Also includes farm loan program loan subsidy, State Mediation Grants, Dairy Indemnity Program (mandatory funding), and Grassroots Source Water Protection Program. Does not include appropriations to the Foreign Agricultural Service for export loans and P.L. 480 administration that are transferred to FSA.
b. Loan authority is the amount of loans that can be made or guaranteed with a loan subsidy. It is not added in the budget authority subtotals or totals.
c. Includes Rural Development salaries and expenses and transfers from the three rural development agencies for salaries and expenses. Amounts for the agencies thus reflect program funds for loans and grants.
d. Amounts for the Rural Business-Cooperative Service (RBCS) are before the rescission in the Cushion of Credit account, unlike in Appropriations committee tables. The rescission is included with the changes in mandatory program spending (CHIMPS) as classified by CBO, which allows the RBCS subtotal to remain positive.
e. In addition to the FY2016 appropriation for Food for Peace Title II grants in Title V ($1.466 billion), an extra $250 million was appropriated under General Provisions. The combined total for Food for Peace Title II grants is therefore $1.716 billion, and the effective Title V total is $2.118 billion for FY2016.
f. Jurisdiction for CFTC is in the House agriculture appropriations subcommittee and the Senate financial services appropriations subcommittee. After FY2008, CFTC is carried in enacted Agriculture appropriations in even-numbered fiscal years, always in House Agriculture markup and never in Senate Agriculture markup. Bracketed amounts are not in the official totals due to differing House-Senate jurisdiction for CFTC but are shown for comparison (e.g., to S. 1910 in FY2016).
g. Includes reductions (limitations and rescissions) to mandatory programs that may also be known as Changes in Mandatory Program Spending (CHIMPS).
h. "Scorekeeping adjustments" are not necessarily appropriated items and may not be shown in appropriations committee tables but are part of the official CBO score (accounting) of the bill. They predominantly include "negative subsidies" in loan program accounts and adjustments for disaster designations in the bill.
Table A-1. Congressional Action on Agriculture Appropriations Since FY1995
House Action |
Senate Action |
Final Appropriation |
||||||||||
Fiscal Year |
Subcmte. |
Cmte. |
Floor |
Subcmte. |
Cmte. |
Floor |
Enacteda |
Public Law |
CRS Report |
|||
1995 |
5/26/1994 |
6/9/1994 |
6/17/1994 |
6/22/1994 |
6/23/1994 |
7/20/1994 |
9/30/1994 |
E |
IB94011 |
|||
1996 |
6/14/1995 |
6/27/1995 |
7/21/1995 |
9/13/1995 |
9/14/1995 |
9/20/1995 |
10/21/1995 |
E |
95-624 |
|||
1997 |
5/30/1996 |
6/6/1996 |
6/12/1996 |
7/10/1996 |
7/11/1996 |
7/24/1996 |
8/6/1996 |
E |
IB96015 |
|||
1998 |
6/25/1997 |
7/14/1997 |
7/24/1997 |
7/15/1997 |
7/17/1997 |
7/24/1997 |
11/18/1997 |
E |
||||
1999 |
6/10/1998 |
6/16/1998 |
6/24/1998 |
6/9/1998 |
6/11/1998 |
7/16/1998 |
10/21/1998 |
O |
||||
2000 |
5/13/1999 |
5/24/1999 |
6/8/1999 |
6/15/1999 |
6/17/1999 |
8/4/1999 |
10/22/1999 |
E |
||||
2001 |
5/4/2000 |
5/16/2000 |
7/11/2000 |
5/4/2000 |
5/10/2000 |
7/20/2000 |
10/28/2000 |
E |
||||
2002 |
6/6/2001 |
6/27/2001 |
7/11/2001 |
Polled outb |
7/18/2001 |
10/25/2001 |
11/28/2001 |
E |
||||
2003 |
6/26/2002 |
7/26/2002 |
— |
7/23/2002 |
7/25/2002 |
— |
2/20/2003 |
O |
||||
2004 |
6/17/2003 |
7/9/2003 |
7/14/2003 |
7/17/2003 |
11/6/2003 |
11/6/2003 |
1/23/2004 |
O |
||||
2005 |
6/14/2004 |
7/7/2004 |
7/13/2004 |
9/8/2004 |
9/14/2004 |
— |
12/8/2004 |
O |
||||
2006 |
5/16/2005 |
6/2/2005 |
6/8/2005 |
6/21/2005 |
6/27/2005 |
9/22/2005 |
11/10/2005 |
E |
||||
2007 |
5/3/2006 |
5/9/2006 |
5/23/2006 |
6/20/2006 |
6/22/2006 |
— |
2/15/2007 |
Y |
||||
2008 |
7/12/2007 |
7/19/2007 |
8/2/2007 |
7/17/2007 |
7/19/2007 |
— |
12/26/2007 |
O |
||||
2009 |
6/19/2008 |
— |
— |
Polled outb |
7/17/2008 |
— |
3/11/2009 |
O |
||||
2010 |
6/11/2009 |
6/18/2009 |
7/9/2009 |
Polled outb |
7/7/2009 |
8/4/2009 |
10/21/2009 |
E |
||||
2011 |
6/30/2010 |
— |
— |
Polled outb |
7/15/2010 |
— |
4/15/2011 |
Y |
||||
2012 |
5/24/2011 |
5/31/2011 |
6/16/2011 |
Polled outb |
9/7/2011 |
11/1/2011 |
11/18/2011 |
O |
||||
2013 |
6/6/2012 |
6/19/2012 |
— |
Polled outb |
4/26/2012 |
— |
3/26/2013 |
O |
||||
2014 |
6/5/2013 |
6/13/2013 |
— |
6/18/2013 |
6/20/2013 |
— |
1/17/2014 |
O |
||||
2015 |
5/20/2014 |
5/29/2014 |
— |
5/20/2014 |
5/22/2014 |
— |
12/16/2014 |
O |
||||
2016 |
6/18/2015 |
7/8/2015 |
— |
7/14/2015 |
7/16/2015 |
— |
12/18/2015 |
O |
||||
2017 |
4/13/2016 Draftc Voice vote |
4/19/2016 Voice vote |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
Source: CRS.
a. E = Enacted as standalone appropriation (9 times over 22 years); O = Omnibus appropriation (11 times); Y = Year-long continuing resolution (two times).
b. A procedure that permits a Senate subcommittee to transmit a bill to its full committee without a formal markup session. See CRS Report RS22952, Proxy Voting and Polling in Senate Committee.
c. The House Agriculture appropriations subcommittee draft is available at http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/BILLS-114HR-SC-AP-FY2017-Agriculture-SubcommitteeDraft.pdf.
Author Contact Information
Key Policy Staff
Area of Expertise |
Name |
Phone |
|
Agricultural appropriations generally |
[author name scrubbed] |
[phone number scrubbed] |
[email address scrubbed] |
Agricultural research |
[author name scrubbed] |
[phone number scrubbed] |
[email address scrubbed] |
Agricultural Marketing Service |
[author name scrubbed] |
[phone number scrubbed] |
[email address scrubbed] |
Agricultural trade |
[author name scrubbed] |
[phone number scrubbed] |
[email address scrubbed] |
Animal and Plant Health Inspection |
[author name scrubbed] |
[phone number scrubbed] |
[email address scrubbed] |
Commodity Futures Trading Commission |
Rena Miller |
[phone number scrubbed] |
[email address scrubbed] |
Conservation |
[author name scrubbed] |
[phone number scrubbed] |
[email address scrubbed] |
Dietary guidelines |
[author name scrubbed] |
[phone number scrubbed] |
[email address scrubbed] |
Disaster programs |
[author name scrubbed] |
[phone number scrubbed] |
[email address scrubbed] |
Domestic food assistance |
[author name scrubbed] |
[phone number scrubbed] |
[email address scrubbed] |
Farm Service Agency, CCC |
[author name scrubbed] |
[phone number scrubbed] |
[email address scrubbed] |
Food and Drug Administration |
[author name scrubbed] |
[phone number scrubbed] |
[email address scrubbed] |
Food Safety Modernization Act/FDA |
[author name scrubbed] |
[phone number scrubbed] |
[email address scrubbed] |
Food safety: FSIS/meat and poultry inspection |
[author name scrubbed] |
[phone number scrubbed] |
[email address scrubbed] |
Foreign food aid |
[author name scrubbed] |
[phone number scrubbed] |
[email address scrubbed] |
Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Admin. |
[author name scrubbed] |
[phone number scrubbed] |
[email address scrubbed] |
Rural development |
[author name scrubbed] |
[phone number scrubbed] |
[email address scrubbed] |
1. |
See CRS Report R42388, The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction. |
2. |
Jurisdiction for CFTC appropriations differs between the chambers. Since FY2008, CFTC is marked up in the Agriculture subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee, and in the Financial Services and General Government subcommittee of the Senate Appropriations Committee. The enacted CFTC appropriation is carried in the Agriculture bill in even-numbered fiscal years, and in the Financial Services bill in odd-numbered fiscal years. |
3. |
See CRS Report R44428, The Federal Budget: Overview and Issues for FY2017 and Beyond |
4. |
Office of Management and Budget (OMB), FY2017 Budget of the U.S. Government, especially in the Appendix, at http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/Appendix. |
5. |
USDA, FY2017 USDA Budget Summary; and USDA, 2017 Budget Explanatory Notes, http://www.obpa.usda.gov. |