CRS INSIGHT
The State Department's Final Decision on the Keystone
XL Pipeline
November 9, 2015 (IN10393)
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Related Author
Linda Luther
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Linda Luther, Analyst in Environmental Policy (lluther@crs.loc.gov, 7-6852)
On November 6, 2015, President Obama announced that the Secretary of State had informed him that "after extensive
public outreach and consultation with other cabinet agencies" he had concluded that the Keystone XL pipeline would
"not serve the national interest of the United States." The President further stated that he agrees with the Secretary's
decision. As a result of that determination, the State Department denied TransCanada's request for a Presidential Permit
for the proposed pipeline facilities. The State Department's decision came four days after TransCanada asked the
department to suspend its permit review while issues regarding the pipeline's proposed route through Nebraska were
being addressed.
The National Interest Determination
TransCanada's Keystone XL pipeline was intended to transport oil sands crude from Canada and shale oil produced in
the United States to a market hub in Nebraska. Because it required the construction of pipeline facilities that cross the
U.S. border, the proposed project required a Presidential Permit from the State Department. A decision to grant such a
permit is conditioned on the department's determination that its issuance would, in accordance with Executive Order
13337, "serve the national interest." On November 6, the process of making that national interest determination came to
an end when Secretary Kerry announced that "the national interest of the United States would be best served by
denying TransCanada a presidential permit for the Keystone XL pipeline." Secretary Kerry stated that he based that
determination on State Department findings that the proposed project would:
have a negligible impact on American energy security;
not lead to lower gas prices for American consumers;
have a marginal long-term contribution to the U.S. economy;
raise a range of concerns about the impact on local communities, water supplies, and cultural heritage sites; and
facilitate transportation into the country of a particularly dirty source of fuel.
Secretary Kerry further stated:
The critical factor in my determination was this: moving forward with this project would significantly undermine our
ability to continue leading the world in combatting climate change.
In his statement, President Obama also referred to America's role as "a global leader when it comes to taking serious

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action to fight climate change" and that approving the pipeline project "would have undercut that global leadership."
Reaction to the State Department Decision
Shortly after the State Department announced its decision, TransCanada issued a statement expressing its
disappointment in the denial of its permit application. The company stated, in part, "In light of this decision we will
review our options, which will include filing a new application to receive a Presidential Permit for a cross border crude
oil pipeline from Canada to the United States."
Members of Congress have expressed both support for, and opposition to, the State Department's decision. In the past,
Congress proposed several bills that would have had some effect on the pipeline's development. For example, the
Keystone XL Pipeline Approval Act (S. 1) would have directly approved the pipeline. President Obama vetoed that bill.
Given the interest that some Members of Congress have in the project, further legislative action may be taken to
support the pipeline's construction. However, since there is no permit currently pending and TransCanada has not yet
decided to how it will proceed, it is unclear what legislative options may be available that would allow TransCanada to
construct a similar cross-border pipeline.

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