.

Overview of FY2016 Appropriations for
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related
Agencies (CJS)

Nathan James
Analyst in Crime Policy
February 23, 2015
Congressional Research Service
7-5700
www.crs.gov
R43918

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Overview of FY2016 Appropriations for CJS

Summary
This report tracks and describes actions taken by the Administration and Congress to provide
FY2016 appropriations for the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS)
accounts. It also provides an overview of FY2015 appropriations for agencies and bureaus funded
as part of the annual appropriation for CJS.
The Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015 (P.L. 113-235) provided a
total of $61.753 billion for the agencies and bureaus funded by the annual CJS appropriations act,
including $8.467 billion for the Department of Commerce, $27.030 billion for the Department of
Justice (DOJ), $25.360 billion for the science agencies, and $895.9 million for the related
agencies.
The Administration requests a total of $66.382 billion for CJS for FY2016, which is 7.5% more
than what Congress appropriated for FY2015. The Administration’s request includes $9.805
billion for the Department of Commerce, $29.289 billion for the Department of Justice, $26.258
billion for the science agencies, and $1.031 billion for the related agencies. The Administration
proposes increasing funding for the Department of Commerce by 15.8% ($1.338 billion), the
Department of Justice by 8.4% ($2.258 billion), the science agencies by 3.5% ($898 million), and
the related agencies by 15.1% ($135 million).
Over the past 10 fiscal years, nominal appropriations for CJS increased starting with FY2006,
peaked in FY2010, and generally declined between FY2010 and FY2013. Nominal
appropriations for CJS were relatively flat in FY2014 and FY2015. Inflation-adjusted
appropriations for CJS for FY2013-FY2015 were generally at the same level they were in
FY2006.
The data show that the increases in CJS appropriations in FY2009, FY2010, and FY2011 resulted
from Congress appropriating more funding for the Department of Commerce in support of the
2010 decennial census. While decreased appropriations for the Department of Commerce mostly
explain the overall decrease in CJS appropriations since FY2010, there have also been cuts in
funding for DOJ and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). DOJ’s FY2015
appropriation is 4.4% below its FY2010 appropriation, and NASA’s FY2014 appropriation was
3.8% below its FY2010 appropriation.

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Contents
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1
Overview of CJS .............................................................................................................................. 1
Department of Commerce ......................................................................................................... 1
Department of Justice ................................................................................................................ 2
The Science Agencies ................................................................................................................ 4
The Office of Science and Technology Policy .................................................................... 4
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration .......................................................... 4
The National Science Foundation ....................................................................................... 5
Related Agencies ....................................................................................................................... 5
FY2015 and FY2016 Appropriations for CJS ................................................................................. 5
Historical Funding for CJS ............................................................................................................ 10

Figures
Figure 1. Nominal and Inflation-Adjusted Appropriations for CJS, FY2006-FY2015 ................. 11
Figure 2. Nominal Total CJS Appropriations, by Major Component, FY2006-FY2015 ............... 13

Tables
Table 1. CJS Appropriations, FY2015 and FY2016 ........................................................................ 6
Table 2. Appropriations for CJS Agencies, by Account, FY2006-FY2015 ................................... 14

Contacts
Author Contact Information........................................................................................................... 18

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Introduction
This report tracks and provides an overview of actions taken by the Administration and Congress
to provide FY2016 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS)
accounts. It also provides an overview of enacted FY2015 appropriations for agencies and
bureaus funded as part of the annual appropriation for CJS.
The amounts in this report reflect only new appropriations. Therefore, the amounts do not include
any rescissions of unobligated or de-obligated balances that may be counted as offsets to newly
enacted appropriations, nor do they include any scorekeeping adjustments (such as the balance on
the Crime Victims Fund).
The FY2015-enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L.
113-235, printed in the December 11, 2014, Congressional Record. The FY2016-requested
amounts were taken from the budget justifications for the Departments of Commerce and Justice,
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the
appendix to the Fiscal Year 2016 Budget of the U.S Government.
Overview of CJS
The annual CJS appropriations act provides funding for the Departments of Commerce and
Justice, the science agencies, and several related agencies. Appropriations for the Department of
Commerce include funding for agencies such as the Census Bureau, the U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National
Institute of Standards and Technology. Appropriations for the Department of Justice provide
funding for agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Bureau of Prisons, the U.S.
Marshals, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms,
and Explosives; along with funding for a variety of grant programs for state, local, and tribal
governments. The vast majority of funding for the science agencies goes to the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. The annual
appropriation for the related agencies includes funding for agencies such as the Legal Services
Corporation and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
Department of Commerce
The mission of the Department of Commerce is to promote “job creation, economic growth,
sustainable development and improved standards of living ... by working in partnership with
businesses, universities, communities and ... workers.”1 The department has wide-ranging
responsibilities including trade, economic development, technology, entrepreneurship and
business development, monitoring the environment, forecasting weather, managing marine
resources, and statistical research and analysis. The Department of Commerce affects trade and
economic development by working to open new markets for U.S. goods and services and
promoting pro-growth business policies. The department also invests in research and

1 U.S. Department of Commerce, About the Department of Commerce, http://www.commerce.gov/about-department-
commerce.
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development to foster innovation. The Department of Commerce manages and monitors coastal
and ocean resources and assets to support both environmental and economic health. It also
conducts the constitutionally mandated decennial census. Finally, the Department of Commerce
operates the national patent system.
The following agencies within the Department of Commerce carry out these missions:
International Trade Administration (ITA) seeks to develop the export potential of
U.S. firms and improve the trade performance of U.S. industry;
Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) enforces U.S. export laws consistent with
national security, foreign policy, and short-supply objectives;
Economic Development Administration (EDA) provides grants for economic
development projects in economically distressed communities and regions;
Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) seeks to promote private- and
public-sector investment in minority businesses;
Economics and Statistics Administration (ESA), excluding the Census Bureau,
provides (1) information on the state of the economy through preparation,
development, and interpretation of economic data, and (2) analytical support to
department officials in meeting their policy responsibilities;
Census Bureau, a component of ESA, collects, compiles, and publishes a broad
range of economic, demographic, and social data;
National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) advises the
President on domestic and international communications policy, manages the
federal government’s use of the radio frequency spectrum, and performs research
in telecommunications sciences;
United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) examines and approves
applications for patents of claimed inventions and registration of trademarks;
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) assists industry in
developing technology to improve product quality, modernize manufacturing
processes, ensure product reliability, and facilitate rapid commercialization of
products on the basis of new scientific discoveries; and
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides scientific,
technical, and management expertise to (1) promote safe and efficient marine and
air navigation; (2) assess the health of coastal and marine resources; (3) monitor
and predict the coastal, ocean, and global environments (including weather
forecasting); and (4) protect and manage the nation’s coastal resources.
Department of Justice
The mission of the Department of Justice (DOJ) is to “enforce the law and defend the interests of
the United States according to the law; to ensure public safety against threats foreign and
domestic; to provide federal leadership in preventing and controlling crime; to seek just
punishment for those guilty of unlawful behavior; and to ensure fair and impartial administration
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of justice for all Americans.”2 DOJ provides legal advice and opinions, upon request, to the
President and executive branch department heads. It prosecutes individuals accused of violating
federal laws and represents the U.S. government in court. The department enforces federal
criminal and civil laws, including antitrust, civil rights, environmental, and tax laws. DOJ,
through agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Drug Enforcement
Administration, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, investigates
organized and violent crime, illegal drugs, and gun and explosives violations. The department,
through the U.S. Marshals Service, protects the federal judiciary, apprehends fugitives, and
detains individuals who are not granted pretrial release. It incarcerates individuals convicted of
violating federal laws. DOJ also provides grants and training to state, local, and tribal law
enforcement agencies.
The major functions of DOJ agencies and offices are described below:
United States Attorneys prosecute criminal offenses against the United States,
represent the federal government in civil actions, and initiate proceedings for the
collection of fines, penalties, and forfeitures owed to the United States;
United States Marshals Service (USMS) provides security for the federal
judiciary, protects witnesses, executes warrants and court orders, manages seized
assets, detains and transports prisoners who have not been sentenced, and
apprehends fugitives;
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) investigates violations of federal criminal
law; helps protect the United States against terrorism and hostile intelligence
efforts; provides assistance to other federal, state, and local law enforcement
agencies; and shares jurisdiction with the Drug Enforcement Administration over
federal drug violations;
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) investigates federal drug law
violations; coordinates its efforts with state, local, and other federal law
enforcement agencies; develops and maintains drug intelligence systems;
regulates legitimate controlled substances activities; and conducts joint
intelligence-gathering activities with foreign governments;
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) enforces federal law
related to the manufacture, importation, and distribution of alcohol, tobacco,
firearms, and explosives (it was transferred from the Department of the Treasury
to DOJ by the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296));
Federal Prison System (Bureau of Prisons, BOP) provides for the custody and
care of the federal prison population, the maintenance of prison-related facilities,
and the boarding of sentenced federal prisoners incarcerated in state and local
institutions;
Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) coordinates legislative and other
initiatives relating to violence against women and administers grant programs to
help prevent, detect, and stop violence against women, including domestic
violence, sexual assault, and stalking;

2 U.S. Department of Justice, About DOJ, http://www.justice.gov/about/about.html.
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Office of Justice Programs (OJP) manages and coordinates the activities of the
Bureau of Justice Assistance, Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Institute of
Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and Office of
Victims of Crime; and
Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) advances the practice of
community policing by awarding grants to law enforcement agencies to hire and
train community policing professionals, acquire and deploy crime-fighting
technologies, and develop and test innovative policing strategies.
The Science Agencies
The science agencies fund and otherwise support research and development (R&D) and related
activities across a wide variety of federal missions, including national competitiveness, energy
and the environment, and fundamental discovery.
The Office of Science and Technology Policy
Congress established the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) through the National
Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-282). The act
states that “the primary function of the OSTP director is to provide, within the Executive Office
of the President, advice on the scientific, engineering, and technological aspects of issues that
require attention at the highest level of Government.” The OSTP director also manages the
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC),3 which coordinates science and technology
policy across the executive branch of the federal government, and co-chairs the President’s
Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST),4 a council of external advisors that
provides advice to the President on matters related to science and technology policy.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was created by the National
Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-568) to conduct civilian space and aeronautics
activities. It has four mission directorates. The Human Exploration and Operations Mission
Directorate is responsible for human spaceflight activities, including the International Space
Station and development efforts for future crewed spacecraft. The Science Mission Directorate
manages robotic science missions, such as the Hubble Space Telescope, the Mars rover Curiosity,
and satellites for Earth science research. The Space Technology Mission Directorate develops
new technologies for use in future space missions, such as advanced propulsion and laser
communications. The Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate conducts research and
development on aircraft and aviation systems. In addition, NASA’s Office of Education manages
formal and informal education programs for school children, college and university students, and
the general public.

3 Executive Order 12881 established the National Science and Technology Council.
4 Executive Order 13539 established the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.
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The National Science Foundation
The National Science Foundation (NSF) supports basic research and education in the non-medical
sciences and engineering. Congress established the foundation as an independent federal agency
in 1950 “to promote the progress of science; to advance the national health, prosperity, and
welfare; to secure the national defense; and for other purposes.”5 The NSF is a primary source of
federal support for U.S. university research. It is also responsible for significant shares of the
federal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education program portfolio
and federal STEM student aid and support.
Related Agencies
The annual CJS appropriations act includes funding for seven related agencies with missions or
responsibilities similar to those of the Departments of Commerce and Justice or the science
agencies. The related agencies are the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission, the International Trade Commission, the Legal Services Corporation,
the Marine Mammal Commission, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, and the State
Justice Institute.
FY2015 and FY2016 Appropriations for CJS
On December 16, 2014, President Obama signed into law the Consolidated and Further
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015 (P.L. 113-235). The act provided a total of $61.753 billion
for the agencies and bureaus funded by the annual CJS appropriations act, including $8.467
billion for the Department of Commerce, $27.030 billion for the Department of Justice, $25.360
billion for the science agencies, and $895.9 million for the related agencies.
The Administration requests a total of $66.382 billion for CJS for FY2016, which is 7.5% more
than what Congress appropriated for FY2015. The Administration proposes increasing funding
for the Department of Commerce by 15.8% ($1.338 billion), the Department of Justice by 8.4%
($2.258 billion), the science agencies by 3.5% ($898 million), and the related agencies by 15.1%
($135 million). The FY2016 budget request for CJS includes the following:
• A proposed 37.9% increase for the Census Bureau, which is mostly the result of a
request for a $382 million increase (45.5%) for the Periodic Censuses and
Programs account.
• A request for $150 million under NIST’s Industrial Technology Services account
for a National Network for Manufacturing Innovation program, which will seek
to create an effective manufacturing research infrastructure for industry and
academia to solve industry-relevant problems.
• A requested 45.9% increase ($96 million) in the COPS program, most of which
would go to the COPS hiring program.
• A proposed 39.6% increase in funding for the Administrative Review and
Appeals account.

5 The National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (P.L. 81-507), Purpose.
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• A request for a $152 million (17.2%) increase for DOJ’s General Legal Activities
account, most of which would go to DOJ’s Criminal Division.
• A proposed $959 million (193.6%) increase in the USMS’s Federal Prisoner
Detention account. The proposed increase is the result of Congress
supplementing the Federal Prisoner Detention account for FY2015 by
transferring $1.1 billion in unobligated balances from the Assets Forfeiture Fund.
• A request for an increase of $129 million (21.6%) in funding for NASA’s Space
Technology account, $149 million (3.4%) for the Exploration account, and $176
million (4.6%) for the Space Operations account. The FY2016 budget request
also proposes an $80 million (12.2%) reduction in NASA’s Aeronautics account.
• A proposed $253 million (4.3%) increase for NSF’s Research and Related
Activities account.
• A request for a 55.6% increase in funding for the International Trade
Commission and a 20.5% increase in funding for the Legal Services Corporation.
Table 1 shows the FY2015-enacted appropriations and the Administration’s FY2016 request for
the Departments of Commerce and Justice, the science agencies, and the related agencies. Table 2
shows enacted appropriations for these agencies, in detail, for FY2006 through FY2015 (the
FY2013 amounts shown in Table 2 reflect sequestration).
Table 1. CJS Appropriations, FY2015 and FY2016
Budget authority in millions of dollars
FY2016
FY2016
Departments and
FY2015
FY2016
House
Senate
FY2016
Related Agencies
Enacted
Request
Passed
Passed
Enacted
International Trade Administration
$462.0
$496.8



Bureau of Industry and Security
102.5
115.1



Economic Development
250.0
273.0
Administration
Economic Development
(213.0)
(227.5)
Assistance Programs
Salaries and Expenses
(37.0)
(45.5)



Minority Business Development
30.0
30.0
Agency
Economics and Statistics
100.0
113.8
Administration (excluding Census)
Census Bureau
1,088.0
1,450.0a



Salaries and Expenses
(248.0)
(277.9)



Periodic Censuses and Programs
(840.0)
(1,222.1)



National Telecommunications and
38.2
49.2
Information Administration
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
3,458.0
3,206.7
(USPTO)b
Offsetting Fee Receipts (USPTO)
-3,458.0
-3,206.7



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FY2016
FY2016
Departments and
FY2015
FY2016
House
Senate
FY2016
Related Agencies
Enacted
Request
Passed
Passed
Enacted
National Institute of Standards and
863.9
1,119.7
Technology
Scientific and Technical Research
(675.5)
(754.7)
and Services
Industrial Technology Services
(138.1)
(306.0)



Manufacturing Extension
(130.0)
(141.0)
Partnerships
Advanced Manufacturing
(8.1)
(15.0)
Technology
National Network for

(150.0)
Manufacturing Innovation
Construction of Research
(50.3)
(59.0)
Facilities
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
5,441.0
5,976.9
Administration
Operations, Research, and
(3,202.4)
(3,413.4)
Facilitiesc
Procurement, Acquisition, and
(2,179.2)
(2,498.7)
Construction
Other Fishery Activities
(65.4)
(68.7)



Fisheries Finance Program
(-6.0)
(-3.8)
Account
Departmental
Management
91.1
130.3
Subtotal: Department of
8,466.7
9,804.8
Commerce
General
Administration
573.0
735.0
General
Administration
(137.3)
(156.9)
Salaries and Expenses
(111.5)
(119.4)



Justice Information Sharing
(25.8)
(37.4)
Technology
Administrative Review & Appeals
(347.1)
(484.4)



Office of the Inspector General
(88.6)
(93.7)



U.S. Parole Commission
13.3
13.5



Legal
Activities
3,220.2
3,513.5
General legal activities
(885.0)
(1,037.4)



United States Attorneys
(1,960.0)
(2,032.2)



Antitrust Division (direct
(62.2)
(61.5)
appropriation)d
U.S. Trustee Programe
(225.9)
(228.1)
Offsetting Fee Receipts (U.S.
(-225.9)
(-162.4)
Trustee Program)
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FY2016
FY2016
Departments and
FY2015
FY2016
House
Senate
FY2016
Related Agencies
Enacted
Request
Passed
Passed
Enacted
Foreign Claims Settlement
(2.3)
(2.4)
Commission
Fees and Expenses of Witnesses
(270.0)
(270.0)



Community Relations Service
(12.3)
(14.4)



Assets Forfeiture Fund
(20.5)
(20.5)



Vaccine Injury Compensation
(7.8)
(9.4)
Trust Fund
United States Marshals Service
1,700.1
2,700.0



Salaries and Expenses
(1,195.0)
(1,230.6)



Construction
(9.8)
(15.0)
Federal Prisoner Detention
(495.3)f
(1,454.4)
National Security Division
93.0
96.6



Interagency Law Enforcement
507.2
519.3



Federal Bureau of Investigation
8,436.6
8,483.6



Salaries and Expenses
(8,326.6)
(8,414.6)



Construction
(110.0)
(69.0)
Drug Enforcement Administration
2,033.3
2,091.6



Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms
1,201.0
1,261.2
and Explosives
Federal Prison System
6,923.7
7,347.4



Salaries and Expenses
(6,815.0)
(7,204.2)



Construction
(106.0)
(140.6)
Limitation on Administrative
(2.7)
(2.7)
Expenses, Federal Prison
Industries
Office on Violence Against Women
430.0
473.5



Office of Justice Programs
1,690.8
1,749.9



Research, Evaluation, and
(111.0)
(151.9)
Statistics
State and Local Law Enforcement
(1,241.0)
(1,142.3)
Assistance
Juvenile Justice Programs
(251.5)
(339.4)



Public Safety Officers Benefits
(87.3)
(116.3)



Community Oriented Policing
208.0
303.5
Services
Crime Victims Fund (CVF)
2,361.0
1,000.0



Offsetting Receipts (CVF)
-2,361.0
-1,000.0



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FY2016
FY2016
Departments and
FY2015
FY2016
House
Senate
FY2016
Related Agencies
Enacted
Request
Passed
Passed
Enacted
Subtotal: Department of Justice
27,030.2
29,288.6



Office of Science and Technology
5.5
5.6
Policy
National Aeronautics and Space
18,010.2
18,529.1
Administration
Science
(5,244.7)
(5,288.6)
Aeronautics
(651.0)
(571.4)
Space
Technology
(596.0)
(724.8)
Exploration
(4,356.7)
(4,505.9)
Space
Operations
(3,827.8)
(4,003.7)
Education
(119.0)
(88.9)
Safety, Security, and Mission
(2,758.9)
(2,843.1)
Services
Construction and Environmental
(419.1)
(465.3)
Compliance and Restoration
Inspector
General
(37.0)
(37.4)
National Science Foundation
7,344.2
7,723.6



Research and Related Activities
(5,933.6)
(6,186.3)



Education and Human Resources
(866.0)
(962.6)



Major Research Equipment and
(200.8)
(200.3)
Facilities Construction
Agency Operations and Award
(325.0)
(354.8)
Management
National Science Board
(4.4)
(4.4)



Office of the Inspector General
(14.4)
(15.2)



Subtotal: Science Agencies
25,360.0
26,258.2



U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
9.2
9.4



Equal Employment Opportunity
364.5
373.1
Commission
International Trade Commission
84.5
131.5



Legal Services Corporation
375.0
452.0



Marine Mammal Commission
3.3
3.4



Office of the U.S. Trade
54.3
56.3
Representative
State Justice Institute
5.1
5.1



Subtotal: Related Agencies
895.9
1,030.8



CJS Total
61,752.7g 66,382.4h



Source: The FY2015-enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 113-
235, printed in the December 11, 2014, Congressional Record (pp. H9342-H9363). The FY2016-requested
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amounts were taken from the budget justifications for the Departments of Commerce and Justice, the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the appendix to the Fiscal Year 2016
Budget of the U.S Government
.
Notes: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding. The amounts in Table 1 do not include any rescissions
of unobligated balances, nor do they reflect any scorekeeping adjustments. Amounts in Table 1 in parenthesis
are subaccounts.
a. The FY2016 budget request for the Census Bureau reflects a proposed restructuring of the Bureau’s
budget, in which the Salaries and Expenses account would be re-designated the Current Surveys and
Programs account and would include somewhat different programs, projects, or activities (PPAs). The
proposed restructuring would transfer the Intercensal Demographic Estimates and the Demographic
Surveys Sample Redesign programs to Current Demographic Statistics, under Current Surveys and
Programs. In addition, the proposal would transfer part of the Data Processing Systems program to Current
Surveys and Programs. The proposal also would abolish the Survey Development and Data Services
program and split its funding evenly among Current Economic Statistics, Current Demographic Statistics
(both under Current Surveys and Programs) and the American Community Survey (under Periodic
Censuses and Programs). Because the bureau incorporated the proposed changes into the FY2016 budget
request, the request for Current Surveys and Programs is not directly comparable with past amounts for
Salaries and Expenses.
b. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is fully funded by user fees. The fees col ected but not
obligated during the current fiscal year are available for obligation in the following fiscal year and do not
count toward the appropriation totals. Only newly appropriated funds count toward the annual
appropriation totals. Total figures for the Department of Commerce exclude the USPTO.
c. The amount for the Operations, Research, and Facilities account includes a transfer out for the Promote
and Develop Fund.
d. Part of the annual appropriation for the Antitrust Division is offset by pre-merger filing fee collections.
e. The U.S. Trustee Program is fully funded by the U.S. Trustee System Fund, which consists primarily of fees
paid by parties and businesses invoking bankruptcy protection.
f.
This amount does not include a required transfer of $1.1 billion in unobligated balances from the Assets
Forfeiture Fund to the U.S. Marshals Federal Prisoner Detention account.
g. This amount does not include $679.6 million in rescissions of prior-year unobligated balances.
h. This amount does not include a proposed $563.5 million in rescissions of prior-year unobligated balances.
Historical Funding for CJS
Figure 1 shows the total appropriations, in both nominal and inflation-adjusted dollars, for CJS
for FY2006-FY2015 (more detailed historical appropriations data can be found in Table 2.6 The
data show that nominal appropriations for CJS increased starting with FY2006. Appropriations
for CJS peaked in FY2009 at $76.782 billion if emergency supplemental appropriations from the
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. 111-5) are included. If ARRA
funding is not considered, appropriations peaked in FY2010 at $69.146 billion. ARRA provided a
substantial increase in appropriations for FY2009. The $15.992 billion Congress appropriated for
CJS under ARRA was equal to approximately 25% of the amount Congress provided for it
through regular appropriations.

6 In FY2006 and FY2007, the CJS appropriations act included funding for the Department of State. Appropriations for
the Department of State are not reflected in the total appropriations for FY2006-FY2007. In addition, between FY2006
and FY2008, the CJS appropriations act included several “related agencies” (e.g., the Federal Trade Commission, the
Federal Communications Commission, the Small Business Administration) that are no longer funded through the CJS
appropriations act. In order to make the total appropriation for each fiscal year as comparable as possible, the total
appropriation only includes appropriations for the “related agencies” that are currently in the CJS appropriations act.
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Overview of FY2016 Appropriations for CJS

Appropriations for CJS decreased in each of the three fiscal years after FY2010. Nominal
appropriations for CJS were relatively flat in FY2014 and FY2015, though appropriations in both
FY2014 and FY2015 were higher than they were in FY2013. If not for sequestration, which cut
nearly $4 billion out of the total amount Congress appropriated for CJS for FY2013, funding for
CJS would have held steady at approximately $61 billion between FY2011 and FY2015.
After adjusting for inflation, appropriations for CJS for FY2013-FY2015 were generally at the
same level they were in FY2006.
Figure 1. Nominal and Inflation-Adjusted Appropriations for CJS, FY2006-FY2015
Appropriations in billions of dollars
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Fiscal Year
Nominal CJS Total (ARRA Excluded)
Inflation-Adjusted CJS Total (ARRA Excluded)
Nominal CJS Total (Including ARRA)
Inflation-Adjusted CJS Total (Including ARRA)

Source: FY2006-enacted amounts were taken from S.Rept. 109-280; FY2007-enacted amounts were taken from
H.Rept. 110-240 and P.L. 110-28; FY2008-enacted amounts were taken from the House Committee on
Appropriations’ Committee Print on the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (P.L. 111-8), Division B; FY2009-
enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept. 111-149; FY2010-enacted amounts were taken from S.Rept. 111-229;
FY2011-enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept. 112-169; FY2012-enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept.
112-463; FY2013 post-sequestration amounts were provided by the Departments of Commerce and Justice, the
Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National
Science Foundation, and each of the respective related agencies; FY2014-enacted amounts were taken from the
joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 113-76, printed in the January 15, 2014, Congressional Record
(pp. H507-H532); FY2015-enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L.
113-235, printed in the December 11, 2014, Congressional Record (pp. H9342-H9363).
Notes: Inflation-adjusted appropriations are presented in FY2015 dollars. Appropriations were adjusted using
the Gross Domestic Product (Chained) Price Index presented in Table 10.1 of the Historical Tables in the
President’s FY2016 budget submission. The amounts presented in Figure 1 do not include rescissions of
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Overview of FY2016 Appropriations for CJS

unobligated balances, or scorekeeping credits (e.g., the balance on the Crime Victims Fund). The amounts in
Figure 1 include any rescissions of current-year budget authority.
Figure 2 shows total appropriations for CJS for FY2006-FY2015 by major component (i.e., the
Departments of Commerce and Justice, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and
the National Science Foundation). The data show that the increases in CJS appropriations in
FY2009 (not including ARRA funding), FY2010, and FY2011 resulted from Congress
appropriating more funding for the Department of Commerce in support of the 2010 decennial
census.
While decreased appropriations for the Department of Commerce mostly explain the overall
decrease in CJS appropriations since FY2010, there have also been cuts in funding for DOJ and
NASA. DOJ’s FY2015 appropriation is 4.4% below its FY2010 appropriation, and NASA’s
FY2014 appropriation was 3.8% below its FY2010 appropriation. However, even though NASA
received less in FY2015 than it did in FY2010, NASA’s FY2015 appropriation is $1.379 billion
more than its FY2006 appropriation. In addition, even with cuts to DOJ’s appropriation since
FY2010, Congress still appropriated $5.316 billion more for DOJ in FY2015 than it did in
FY2006. Appropriations for DOJ increased because Congress appropriated increasing amounts
for federal law enforcement and counter-terrorism efforts (e.g., the Federal Bureau of
Investigation), and for the Office of the Federal Detention Trustee7 and the Bureau of Prisons to
cover expenses associated with a rising number of federal detainees and prisoners.
Funding for the NSF has, for the most part, steadily increased over the past 10 fiscal years. The
NSF’s appropriation increased in 8 of the 10 fiscal years between FY2006 and FY2015, and the
decrease in the NSF’s funding for FY2013 was the result of sequestration. Increased funding for
the NSF has mostly resulted from Congress increasing funding for the NSF’s Research and
Related Activities account.

7 Starting in FY2013, Congress moved funding for the Office of the Federal Detention Trustee to the Federal Prisoner
Detention account under the U.S. Marshals Service.
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Overview of FY2016 Appropriations for CJS

Figure 2. Nominal Total CJS Appropriations, by Major Component, FY2006-FY2015
Appropriations in billions of dollars

Source: FY2006-enacted amounts were taken from S.Rept. 109-280; FY2007-enacted amounts were taken from
H.Rept. 110-240 and P.L. 110-28; FY2008-enacted amounts were taken from the House Committee on
Appropriations’ Committee Print on the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (P.L. 111-8), Division B; FY2009-
enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept. 111-149; FY2010-enacted amounts were taken from S.Rept. 111-229;
FY2011-enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept. 112-169; FY2012-enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept.
112-463; FY2013 post-sequestration amounts were provided by the Departments of Commerce and Justice, the
Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National
Science Foundation, and each of the respective related agencies; FY2014-enacted amounts were taken from the
joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 113-76, printed in the January 15, 2014, Congressional Record (pp.
H507-H532); FY2015-enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 113-
235, printed in the December 11, 2014, Congressional Record (pp. H9342-H9363).
Notes: The amounts presented in Figure 2 do not include rescissions of unobligated balances, or scorekeeping
credits (e.g., the balance on the Crime Victims Fund). The amounts in Figure 2 include any rescissions of
current-year budget authority.

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Table 2. Appropriations for CJS Agencies, by Account, FY2006-FY2015
Budget authority in millions of dollars
Bureau or Agency
FY2006
FY2007
FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013a FY2014 FY2015
Department of Commerce










International
Trade
Administration
$393.8 $395.6 $405.2 $420.4 $446.8 $440.7 $455.6 $438.5 $460.6 $462.0
Bureau of Industry and Security
75.0
75.4
72.9
83.7
100.3
100.1
101.0
93.6
101.5
102.5
Economic Development Administration
280.4
280.6
779.9b 312.8 347.0 283.4 457.5 218.3 246.5 250.0
Minority
Business
Development
Agency 29.6 29.7 28.6 29.8 31.5 30.3 30.3 27.5 28.0 30.0
Economic
and
Statistical
Analysis
79.3 79.8 81.1 90.6 97.2 97.1 96.0 93.3 99.0 100.0
Census
Bureau
801.9 893.0 1,440.2 3,139.9 7,324.7 1,149.7 888.3 840.6 945.0 1,088.0
National Telecommunications and
39.6 39.8 36.3 39.2 40.0 41.6 45.6 42.7 46.0 38.2
Information Administration
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
1,683.1
1,771.0
1,915.5
2,010.1
2,016.0
2,090.0
2,706.3
2,783.7
3,024.0
3,458.0
Offsetting
Fee
Receipts
USPTO
-1,683.1 -1,771.0 -1,915.5 -2,087.0 -1,887.0 -2,090.0 -2,706.3 -2,933.2 -3,024.0 -3,458.0
Technology
Administration
5.9 2.0 — — — — — — — —
National Institute of Standards and
752.0 676.9 755.8 819.0 856.6 750.1 750.8 769.3 850.0 863.9
Technology
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
4,100.0 4,078.3 3,988.5 4,365.2 4,788.5 4,588.0 4,893.7 5,050.7 5,314.6 5,441.0
Administration
Departmental
Management
73.3 73.7 70.0 83.8 107.5 99.8 88.9 84.6 89.5 91.1
Commerce
Subtotal
6,630.9 6,624.8 7,658.5 9,307.5 14,269.2 7,580.9 7,807.7 7,509.6 8,180.6 8,466.7
Department of Justice










General
Administration
1,777.4 1,836.1 1,798.8 2,067.8 2,285.8 2,208.1 2,227.9 503.5 533.2 435.6
General
Administration
(335.1) (310.6) (257.6) (370.8) (456.9) (312.2) (262.1) (135.7) (135.8) (137.3)
Administrative
Review
&
Appeals
(221.9) (229.1) (240.6) (266.0) (298.8) (296.1) (301.0) (287.9) (311.0) (347.1)
Detention
Trustee
(1,162.0) (1,225.8) (1,225.9) (1,355.3) (1,445.7) (1,515.6) (1,580.6)




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Bureau or Agency
FY2006
FY2007
FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013a FY2014 FY2015
Office
of
the
Inspector
General
(67.9) (70.6) (74.8) (75.7) (84.4) (84.2) (84.2) (80.0) (86.4) (88.6)
U.S.
Parole
Commission
10.9 11.5 11.5 12.6 12.9 12.8 12.8 11.9 12.6 13.3
Legal
Activities
2,476.4 2,567.8 2,724.1 2,918.2 3,108.3 3,177.3 3,187.2 2,989.5 3,180.8 3,220.2
General
legal
activities
(662.5) (678.8) (747.2) (805.7) (889.0) (863.4) (863.4) (819.3) (867.0) (885.0)
United
States
Attorneys
(1,599.6) (1,659.9) (1,759.8) (1,851.3) (1,943.2) (1,930.1) (1,960.0) (1,830.3) (1,944.0) (1,960.0)
Otherc
(234.4) (229.1) (217.1) (261.2) (276.1) (383.8) (363.8) (340.0) (369.8) (375.2)
U.S. Marshals Service
801.7
825.4
895.1
964.0
1,190.0
1,140.1
1,189.0
2,655.6
2,727.8
1,700.1d
National
Security
Division
— 68.7 73.4 85.2 87.9 87.8 87.0 83.8 91.8 93.0
Interagency
Law
Enforcement
483.2 497.9 497.9 515.0 549.6 527.5 527.5 484.4 514.0 507.2
Federal
Bureau
of
Investigation
5,823.4 6,298.6 6,763.8 7,336.2 7,922.5 7,926.3 8,118.0 7,558.8 8,343.3 8,436.6
Drug
Enforcement
Administration
1,689.1 1,757.1 1,887.4 1,959.1 2,053.4 2,015.6 2,035.0 1,907.3 2,018.0 2,033.3
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms &
935.8 988.1 1,011.6 1,068.2 1,158.3 1,112.5 1,152.0 1,071.6 1,179.0 1,201.0
Explosives
Federal
Prison
System
4,933.4 5,448.2 5,612.6 6,178.9 6,208.1 6,384.1 6,644.0 6,447.2 6,861.7 6,923.7
Office
of
Violence
Against
Women
381.6 382.6 400.0 415.0 418.5 417.7 412.5 387.9 417.0 430.0
Office
of
Justice
Programs
1,914.0 1,986.7 1,694.8 2,066.6 2,283.5 1,697.9 1,616.3 1,518.5 1,643.3 1,690.8
Research,
Evaluation,
and
Statistics (230.3) (238.3) (196.2) (220.0) (235.0) (234.5) (113.0) (119.1) (120.0) (111.0)
State and Local Law Enforcement
(1,223.1) (1,286.8) (1,008.1) (1,328.5) (1,534.8) (1,117.8) (1,162.5) (1,060.5) (1,171.5) (1,241.0)
Assistance
Weed
and
Seed
(49.4) (49.4) (32.1) (25.0) (20.0)





Juvenile
Justice
Programs
(338.4) (338.4) (383.5) (374.0) (423.6) (275.4) (262.5) (261.0) (254.5) (251.5)
Public Safety Officers Benefits
(72.8)
(73.8)
(74.8)
(119.1)
(70.1)
(70.1)
(78.3)
(77.9)
(97.3)
(87.3)
Community
Oriented
Policing
Services 457.4 541.8 857.2 550.5 791.6 494.9 198.5 209.7 214.0 208.0
OVW, OJP, and COPS Salaries and


— 195.0 213.4 186.6




Expenses
DOJ
Subtotal

21,714.1 23,210.4 23,958.3 26,332.3 28,283.7 27,389.2 27,407.7 25,829.7 27,736.6 27,030.2

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Bureau or Agency
FY2006
FY2007
FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013a FY2014 FY2015
Science Agencies










Office of Science and Technology Policy
5.5
5.5
5.2
5.3
7.0
6.6
4.5
5.5
5.6
5.6
National Aeronautics and Space
16,631.4 16,284.3 17,401.9 17,782.4 18,724.3 18,448.0 17,800.0 16,879.5 17,646.5 18,010.2
Administration
National
Science
Foundation
5,581.2 5,917.2 6,127.5 6,490.4 6,926.5 6,859.9 7,033.1 6,884.1 7,171.9 7,344.2
Science
Agencies
Subtotal
22,218.1 22,207.0 23,534.6 24,278.1 25,657.8 25,314.5 24,837.6 23,769.2 24,824.0 25,360.0
Related Agencies










Commission
on
Civil
Rights
8.9 9.0 8.5 8.8 9.4 9.4 9.2 8.7 9.0 9.2
Equal Employment Opportunity
327.0 328.7 329.3 343.9 367.3 366.6 360.0 344.2 364.0 364.5
Commission (EEOC)
International
Trade
Commission
62.0 62.0 68.4 75.1 81.9 81.7 80.0 78.9 83.0 84.5
Legal
Services
Corporation
326.6 348.6 350.5 390.0 420.0 404.2 348.0 340.9 365.0 375.0
Marine
Mammal
Commission
2.9 2.9 2.8 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.3 3.3
U.S.
Trade
Representative
44.2 44.2 44.1 47.3 47.8 47.7 51.3 47.6 52.6 54.3
State
Justice
Institute
3.5 3.5 3.8 4.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.8 4.9 5.1
Related
Agencies
Subtotal
775.1 798.8 807.4 872.4 934.8 917.9 856.6 827.9 881.8 895.9
Total
Appropriation
51,338.2 52,841.0 55,958.7 60,790.3 69,145.5 61,202.5 60,909.6 57,936.4 61,622.9 61,752.7
American Recovery and
— — —
15,922.0f — — — — — —
Reinvestment Act
Rescission of Unobligated Balances
359.4
360.5
901.8
610.6
2,559.7e
2,416.0 905.9 881.6 219.3 679.6
Source: FY2006-enacted amounts were taken from S.Rept. 109-280; FY2007-enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept. 110-240 and P.L. 110-28; FY2008-enacted
amounts were taken from the House Committee on Appropriations’ Committee Print on the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (P.L. 111-8), Division B; FY2009-
enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept. 111-149; FY2010-enacted amounts were taken from S.Rept. 111-229; FY2011-enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept. 112-
169; FY2012-enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept. 112-463; FY2013 post-sequestration amounts were provided by the Departments of Commerce and Justice, the
Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, and each of the respective related
agencies; FY2014-enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 113-76, printed in the January 15, 2014, Congressional Record (pp.
H507-H532); FY2015-enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 113-235, printed in the December 11, 2014, Congressional
Record
(pp. H9342-H9363).

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Note: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding. Amounts include al supplemental appropriations, except that the FY2009 amounts do not include appropriations
pursuant to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (P.L. 111-5). Amounts also include al rescission of current-year budget authority, but they do not include
rescissions of prior year’s unobligated balances. In FY2005, FY2006, and FY2007, the CJS appropriations act included funding for the Department of State, and in FY2005
the act also included funding for the Judiciary. Appropriations for the Department of State and the Judiciary are not reflected in the total appropriations for FY2005-
FY2007. In addition, between FY2005 and FY2008, the CJS appropriations act included several “related agencies” (e.g., the Federal Trade Commission, the Federal
Communications Commission, the Smal Business Administration) that are no longer funded through the CJS appropriations act. In order to make the total appropriation
for each fiscal year as comparable as possible, the total appropriation only includes appropriations for the “related agencies” that are currently in the CJS appropriations
act.
a. FY2013 appropriations include sequestration.
b. For FY2008, the Economic Development Administration received $100.0 million in supplemental funding under P.L. 110-252 and $400.0 million in supplemental
funding under P.L. 110-329.
c. “Other” includes subaccounts for the Antitrust Division, Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund, U.S. Trustee System Fund, Foreign Claims Settlement
Commission, Fees and Expenses of Witnesses, Community Relations Service, and the Asset Forfeiture Fund.
d. This amount does not include a required transfer of $1.1 billion in unobligated balances from the Assets Forfeiture Fund to the U.S. Marshals Federal Prisoner
Detention account.
e. This amount includes $531.2 million in rescissions of unobligated balances included in P.L. 111-117; $111.5 million in rescissions of unobligated balances included in
P.L. 111-212; $129.0 million in rescissions of unobligated balances included in P.L. 111-224; and $1.788 billion in rescissions of unobligated balance included in P.L.
112-6.
f.
A total of $15.922 billion was included in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5) for CJS accounts. This included $150.0 million for the
Economic Development Administration; $1.0 billion for the Census Bureau; $5.4 billion for the National Telecommunications and Information Administration;
$580.0 million for the National Institute of Standards and Technology; $830.0 million for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; $6.0 million for the
Department of Commerce’s Office of the Inspector General; $2.0 million for the Department of Justice’s Office of the Inspector General; $225.0 million for the
Office on Violence Against Women; $2.765 billion for the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account (of which $10.0 mil ion was transferred to the ATF);
$1.0 billion for the Community Oriented Policing Services Office; $10.0 million for the OVW, OJP, and COPS Salaries and Expenses; $1.002 billion for the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration; and $3.002 billion for the National Science Foundation.


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Overview of FY2016 Appropriations for CJS


Author Contact Information

Nathan James

Analyst in Crime Policy
njames@crs.loc.gov, 7-0264


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