January 28, 2015
FEMA DRF Major Disaster Assistance: Alabama
Overview
Figure 1. DRF Obligations for Declared Major
Disasters in Alabama, by Fiscal Year
The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal
Figures are in millions of dollars. The number of declarations
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the
per year is in parentheses.
primary source of funding used to provide assistance
following a major disaster declaration. The authority to
declare a major disaster is provided to the President under
the Robert T. Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster
Assistance Act (P.L. 93-288).
The information below includes only the funding provided
as a result of a major disaster declaration, not other
assistance funded through the DRF. Additionally, this
information does not include other federal sources of
disaster assistance, such as Small Business Administration
disaster loans.
FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices
around the country. Alabama is part of Region IV,
headquartered in Atlanta, GA.
Major Disaster Declarations:
FY2000-FY2013
A total of 23 major disaster declarations were made in the
state of Alabama between FY2000 and FY2013. During
that time, there were three requests for major disaster
declarations that were denied. The approved declarations
led to more than $2.7 billion in federal obligations from the
Disaster Relief Fund. This funding does not include the
assistance that was provided directly by the state, either as a
cost-share for federal assistance, or through the state’s own
authorities and programs. There was a high level of
variation in the amount of funding obligated each year, with
more than $1.1 billion obligated in FY2005 alone. Figure 1
displays the total funding obligated to Alabama each year.
The highest number of declarations in any single year for
the state of Alabama was three, which occurred in FY2003,
FY2009, and FY2010.
Significant Incidents

Alabama received more than $1 billion in federal aid from
Source: CRS analysis of FEMA DRF obligations data as of June 2014.
the DRF following Hurricane Katrina in FY2005. The state
Notes: Figures above reflect both actual obligations and projected
also received more than $600 million as a result of
obligations. Only obligations from the FEMA Disaster Relief Fund are
Hurricane Ivan in FY2004 and more than $720 million
included. Please consult the “Additional Resources” section for
following severe storms in FY2011.
information on other federal assistance programs.


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FEMA DRF Major Disaster Assistance: Alabama
Types of Assistance Provided for Major
Other Assistance Funded Through the
Disasters
DRF
A major disaster declaration can include funding for
In addition to the major disasters listed above, there are also
different purposes, depending on the needs of the state.
other forms of assistance that are funded through the
These purposes include:
Disaster Relief Fund. These include both Emergency
•
Declarations and Fire Management Assistance Grants. The
Public Assistance (PA) that is used to conduct debris
assistance provided for these declarations typically involves
removal operations, repair or replace damaged public
lower obligation levels than major disaster declarations,
infrastructure, and other assistance;
although there is significant variation across incidents.
• Individual Assistance (IA) that provides direct aid to
impacted households, and other assistance;
Emergency Declarations are often made at the time a threat
•
is recognized and are issued to assist state, local, and tribal
Hazard Mitigation (HM) that funds resilience projects
efforts prior to the incident.
and programs, typically across the whole state; and
• FEMA administrative costs associated with each
Fire Management Assistance Grants (FMAGs) provide aid
disaster declaration.
for the control, management, and mitigation of fires.
The decision to provide certain types of assistance is made
Additional Resources
at the time of the major disaster declaration. For many
major disasters, all of the assistance types outlined above
There are many existing CRS products that address issues
will be authorized. For others, some assistance types will
related to the Disaster Relief Fund, the disaster declaration
not be included. Figure 2 compares the amounts expended
process, and federal emergency management policy. Below
for different types of assistance that were provided to
is a list of several of these resources:
Alabama from FY2000 to FY2013.
• CRS Report R41981, Congressional Primer on
Figure 2. DRF Assistance for Alabama, by Type
Responding to Major Disasters and Emergencies
(FY2000-FY2013)
• CRS Report R43519, Natural Disasters and Hazards:
CRS Experts
• CRS Report RL34146, FEMA’s Disaster Declaration
Process: A Primer
• CRS Report R42845, Federal Emergency Management:
A Brief Introduction
• CRS Report R43537, FEMA’s Disaster Relief Fund:
Overview and Selected Issues
• CRS Report RL33053, Federal Stafford Act Disaster
Assistance: Presidential Declarations, Eligible
Activities, and Funding
FEMA is also responsible for administering the National
Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). More information on
whether your community participates in this program can
be found in the NFIP Community Status Book at fema.gov.
CRS Experts
Source: CRS analysis of FEMA DRF obligation data as of June 2014.
County Impact
FEMA Disaster Assistance:
Francis X. McCarthy, fmccarthy@crs.loc.gov, 7-9533
Since 2000, 67 counties in Alabama have received aid
Bruce R. Lindsay, blindsay@crs.loc.gov, 7-3752
under a major disaster declaration. Jefferson County
Jared T. Brown, jbrown@crs.loc.gov, 7-4918
received more declarations than any other during this time,
National Flood Insurance Program:
with 13.
Rawle King, rking@crs.loc.gov, 7-5975
Daniel J. Richardson, drichardson@crs.loc.gov, 7-2389

IF10058
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