This report explains the process for filling positions to which the President makes appointments with the advice and consent of the Senate (also referred to as PAS positions). It also identifies, for the 111th Congress, all nominations to full-time positions requiring Senate confirmation in the 15 executive departments. It excludes appointments to regulatory boards and commissions and independent and other agencies, which are covered in other CRS reports.
The appointment process for advice and consent positions consists of three main stages. The first stage is selection, clearance, and nomination by the President. This step includes preliminary vetting, background checks, and ethics checks of potential nominees. At this stage, if the position is located within a state, the President may also consult with Senators who are from his party. The second stage of the process is consideration of the nomination in the Senate, most of which takes place in committee. Finally, if a nomination is approved by the Senate, the President may then present the nominee with a signed commission, making the appointment official.
During the 111th Congress, the President submitted to the Senate 347 nominations to executive department full-time positions. Of these 347 nominations, 293 were confirmed; 16 were withdrawn; and 38 were returned to him in accordance with Senate rules. For those nominations that were confirmed, an average of 73.2 days elapsed between nomination and confirmation. The median number of days elapsed was 52.0.
The President made 10 recess appointments to full-time positions in executive departments during the 111th Congress.
Information for this report was compiled from data from the Senate nominations database of the Legislative Information System (LIS) http://www.congress.gov/nomis/, the Congressional Record (daily edition), the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, telephone discussions with agency officials, agency websites, the United States Code, and the 2008 "Plum Book" (United States Government Policy and Supporting Positions).
This report will not be updated.
Introduction
This report explains the process for filling positions to which the President makes appointments with the advice and consent of the Senate (PAS positions). It also identifies, for the 111th Congress, all nominations to executive-level full-time positions1 in the 15 executive departments.2 It excludes appointments to regulatory boards and commissions and independent and other agencies, which are covered in other CRS reports.3
A profile of each agency tracks the appointments to positions within the agency, providing information on Senate activity (confirmations, rejections, returns to the President, and elapsed time between nominations and confirmation) as well as further related presidential activity (including withdrawals and recess appointments). The profiles also identify, for each agency, the executive-level positions in the agency requiring Senate confirmation, the incumbents in those positions as of the end of the 111th Congress, and the pay levels of those officials.
The Constitution (Article II, Section 2) empowers the President to nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint the principal officers of the United States, as well as some subordinate officers.4 Officers of the United States are those individuals serving in high-ranking positions that have been established by Congress and "exercising significant authority pursuant to the laws of the United States" (emphasis added).5
Three distinct stages mark the appointment process: selection, clearance, and nomination by the President; consideration by the Senate; and appointment by the President.
In the first stage, the White House selects and clears a prospective appointee before sending a formal nomination to the Senate. There are a number of steps in this stage of the process for most Senate-confirmed positions. First, with the assistance of, and preliminary vetting by, the White House Office of Presidential Personnel, the President selects a candidate for the position. Members of Congress and interest groups sometimes recommend candidates for specific PAS positions. They may offer their suggestions by letter, for example, or by contact with a White House liaison.7 In general, the White House is under no obligation to follow such recommendations. In the case of the Senate, however, it has been argued that Senators are constitutionally entitled, by virtue of the advice and consent clause noted above, to provide advice to the President regarding his selection; the extent of this entitlement is a matter of some debate.8 As a practical matter, in instances where Senators perceive insufficient pre-nomination consultation has occurred, they have sometimes exercised their procedural prerogatives to delay or even effectively block consideration of a nomination.9
During the clearance process, the candidate prepares and submits several forms, including the "Public Financial Disclosure Report" (Office of Government Ethics (OGE) 278), the "Questionnaire for National Security Positions" (Standard Form (SF) 86), a supplement to SF 86 ("86 Supplement"), and sometimes a White House Personal Data Statement.10 The vetting process often includes a background investigation conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which prepares a report that is delivered to the White House. It also includes a review of financial disclosure materials by OGE and an ethics official for the agency to which the candidate is to be nominated. If conflicts of interest are found during the background investigation, OGE and the agency ethics officer may work with the candidate to mitigate the conflicts. At the completion of the vetting process, the nomination is ready to be submitted to the Senate.
The selection and clearance stage has often been the longest part of the appointment process. There have been, at times, lengthy delays, particularly when many candidates have been processed simultaneously, such as at the beginning of an Administration, or where conflicts needed to be resolved. Candidates for higher-level positions have often been accorded priority in this process. At the end of 2004, in an effort to reduce the elapsed time between a new President's inauguration and the appointment of his or her national security team, Congress enacted amendments to the Presidential Transition Act of 1963.11 These amendments encourage a President-elect to submit, for security clearance, potential nominees to high-level national security positions as soon as possible after the election.12 A separate provision of law, enacted as part of the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998, lengthens, during presidential transitions, the potential duration of a temporary appointment by 90 days.13
For a position located within a state (e.g., U.S. attorney, U.S. marshal, and U.S. district judge), the President, by custom, frequently has nominated an individual recommended by one or both Senators from that state (if they are from the same party as the President). In instances where neither Senator is from the President's party, he usually has deferred to the recommendations of party leaders from the state. Occasionally, the President has solicited recommendations from Senators of the opposition party because of their positions in the Senate.14
If circumstances permit and conditions are met, the President could give the nominee a recess appointment to the position (see section entitled "Recess Appointments" below). Recess appointments have sometimes had political consequences, however, particularly where Senators perceived that such an appointment was an effort to circumvent their constitutional role. Some Senate-confirmed positions, including many of those in the executive departments, may also be temporarily filled under the Vacancies Act.15
A nominee has no legal authority to assume the duties and responsibilities of the position; a nominee who is hired by the agency as a consultant while awaiting confirmation may serve only in an advisory capacity. Authority to act comes once there is Senate confirmation and presidential appointment, or if another method of appointment, such as a recess appointment or a temporary appointment, is utilized.
In the second stage, the Senate alone determines whether or not to confirm a nomination.16 The way the Senate has acted on a nomination has depended largely on the importance of the position involved, existing political circumstances, and policy implications. Generally, the Senate has shown particular interest in the nominee's views and how they are likely to affect public policy.17 Two other factors have sometimes affected the examination of a nominee's personal and professional qualities: whether the President's party controlled the Senate, and the degree to which the President became involved in supporting the nomination.
Much of the Senate confirmation process occurs at the committee level. Administratively, nominations are received by the Senate executive clerk, who arranges for the referral of the nominations to committee, according to the Senate rules and precedents.18 Committee nomination activity has generally included investigation, hearing, and reporting stages. As part of investigatory work, committees have drawn on information provided by the White House, as well as information they themselves have collected. Some committees have held hearings on nearly all nominations; others have held hearings for only some. Hearings provide a public forum to discuss a nomination and any issues related to the program or agency for which the nominee would be responsible. Even where confirmation has been thought to be a virtual certainty, hearings have provided Senators and the nominee with opportunities to go on the record with particular views or commitments. Senators have used hearings to explore nominees' qualifications, articulate policy perspectives, or raise related oversight issues.
A committee may decline to act on a nomination at any point—upon referral, after investigation, or after a hearing. If the committee votes to report a nomination to the full Senate, it has three options: it may report the nomination favorably, unfavorably, or without recommendation. A failure to obtain a majority on the motion to report means the nomination will not be reported to the Senate.19 If the committee declines to report a nomination, the Senate may, under certain circumstances, discharge the committee from further consideration of the nomination in order to bring it to the floor.20
The Senate historically has confirmed most, but not all, executive nominations. Rarely, however, has a vote to confirm a nomination failed on the Senate floor.21 Unsuccessful nominations usually do not make it past the committee stage. Failure of a nomination to make it out of committee has occurred for a variety of reasons, including opposition to the nomination, inadequate amount of time for consideration of the nomination, or factors that may not be directly related to the merits of the nomination.
Senate rules provide that "nominations neither confirmed nor rejected during the session at which they are made shall not be acted upon at any succeeding session without being again made to the Senate by the President…"22 In practice, such pending nominations have been returned to the President at the end of the session or Congress. Pending nominations also may be returned automatically to the President at the beginning of a recess of more than 30 days, but the Senate rule providing for this return is often waived.23
In the final stage, the confirmed nominee is given a commission bearing the Great Seal of the United States and signed by the President and is sworn into office. The President may sign the commission at any time after confirmation, at which point the appointment becomes official. Once the appointee is given the commission and sworn in, he or she has full authority to carry out the responsibilities of the office.
The Constitution also empowers the President to make limited-term appointments without Senate confirmation when the Senate is in recess, either during a session (intrasession recess appointment) or between sessions (intersession recess appointment).24 Such recess appointments expire at the end of the next session of the Senate.
Presidents have occasionally used the recess appointment power to circumvent the confirmation process. In response, Congress has enacted provisions that restrict the pay of recess appointees under certain circumstances. Because most potential appointees to full-time positions cannot serve without a salary, the President has an incentive to use his recess appointment authority in ways that allow them to be paid. Under the provisions, if the position falls vacant while the Senate is in session and the President fills it by recess appointment, the appointee may not be paid from the Treasury until he or she is confirmed by the Senate. However, the salary prohibition does not apply
(1) if the vacancy arose within 30 days before the end of the session of the Senate;
(2) if, at the end of the session, a nomination for the office, other than the nomination of an individual appointed during the preceding recess of the Senate, was pending before the Senate for its advice and consent; or
(3) if a nomination for the office was rejected by the Senate within 30 days before the end of the session and an individual other than the one whose nomination was rejected thereafter receives a recess appointment.25
A recess appointment falling under any one of these three exceptions must be followed by a nomination to the position not later than 40 days after the beginning of the next session of the Senate.26 For this reason, when a recess appointment is made, the President generally submits a new nomination for the nominee even when an earlier nomination is pending.27
Although a recess appointee whose nominations to a full term is subsequently rejected by the Senate may continue to serve until the end of his or her recess appointment, a provision of the FY2008 Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act may prevent him or her from being paid after the rejection.28
From the 110th Congress on, Congress has periodically used specific scheduling practices in an attempt to prevent the President from making recess appointments. The evolution of these practices, the President's response to them, and associated controversies are beyond the scope of this report. Detailed information may be found in other CRS reports.29 Notably, these practices were used only once during the 111th Congress.30
Congress has provided limited statutory authority for the temporary filling of vacant positions requiring Senate confirmation. It is expected that, in general, officials holding PAS positions who have been designated as "acting" are holding their offices under this authority or other statutory authority specific to their agencies. Under the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998 (FVRA),31 when an executive agency position requiring confirmation becomes vacant, it may be filled temporarily in one of three ways:
(1) the first assistant to such a position may automatically assume the functions and duties of the office;
(2) the President may direct an officer in any agency who is occupying a position requiring Senate confirmation to perform those tasks; or
(3) the President may select any officer or employee of the subject agency who is occupying a position for which the rate of pay is equal to or greater than the minimum rate of pay at the GS-15 level, and who has been with the agency for at least 90 of the preceding 365 days.
A temporary appointment made under the FVRA is limited to 210 days from the date of the vacancy, but the time restriction is suspended if a first or second nomination for the position is pending. In addition, during a presidential transition, the 210-day restriction period does not begin to run until either 90 days after the President assumes office, or 90 days after the vacancy occurs, if the vacancy occurs during the 90-day inauguration period. The act does not apply to positions on multi-headed regulatory boards and commissions and to certain other specific positions that may be filled temporarily under other statutory provisions.32
Table 1 summarizes appointment activity, during the 111th Congress, related to full-time executive-level positions in the 15 departments. President Barack H. Obama submitted to the Senate 347 nominations to executive department full-time positions. Of these 347 nominations, 293 were confirmed; 16 were withdrawn; and 38 were returned to the President under the provisions of Senate rules.33
Positions in the 15 departments (total) |
373 |
|||
Positions to which nominations were made |
317a |
|||
Individual nominees |
325a |
|||
Nominations submitted to the Senate during the 111th Congress (total) |
347a |
|||
Disposition of nominations |
||||
Confirmed by the Senate |
|
293 |
||
Withdrawn |
|
16 |
||
Returned (total) |
|
38 |
||
Recess Appointments (total) |
10 |
|||
Intersession |
1 |
|||
Intrasession |
9 |
Source: Table developed by the Congressional Research Service using data presented in the appendices of this report.
a. The figures shown here reveal that there is a distinction between the number of positions to which nominations were made (317), the number of individual nominees (325), and the total number of nominations submitted (347). The number of positions to which nominations were made (317) differs from the number of individual nominees (325) for two reasons. First, the President sometimes nominated more than one individual successively to a single open position, usually following the return or withdrawal of his original nomination. Second, less frequently, the President nominated a single individual to more than one position over the course of the Congress. Again, this usually followed the return or withdrawal of the first nomination. The number of total nominations submitted (347) is higher than both of these numbers because it includes cases in which the President nominated an individual to the same position more than once. For example, when the President makes a recess appointment, he generally submits more than one nomination of the individual to comply with statutory requirements that will enable the appointee to be paid, even when an earlier nomination is pending. See section entitled "Recess Appointments" for more information.
The length of time a given nomination may be pending in the Senate can vary widely.34 Some nominations are confirmed within a few days, others are confirmed within several months, and some are never confirmed. This report provides, for each executive department nomination that was confirmed in the 111th Congress, the number of days between nomination and confirmation ("days to confirm"). For confirmed nominations, an average (mean) of 73.2 days elapsed between nomination and confirmation. The median number of days elapsed was 52.0.35
Each of the 15 executive department profiles provided in this report is organized into two parts: a table providing information, as of the end of the 111th Congress, regarding the organization's full-time PAS positions, and a table of appointment action with regard to these positions during the 111th Congress. Data for these tables were collected from several authoritative sources.36
The first of these two tables identifies, as of the end of the 111th Congress,37 each full-time PAS position in the department,38 its incumbent, and its pay level. For most presidentially appointed positions requiring Senate confirmation, the pay levels fall under the Executive Schedule, which, as of the end of the 111th Congress, ranged from level I ($199,700) for cabinet-level offices to level V ($145,700) for the lowest-ranked positions. An incumbent's name followed by "(A)" indicates an official who was, at that time, serving in an acting capacity. Vacancies are also noted.
The appointment action table provides, in chronological order, information concerning each nomination or recess appointment. It shows the name of the nominee or recess appointee, position involved, date of nomination or appointment, date of confirmation, and number of days between receipt of a nomination and confirmation. Actions other than confirmation (i.e., nominations returned to or withdrawn by the President) are also noted. Some individuals were nominated more than once for the same position, usually because the first nomination was returned to the President.
The appointment action tables that list more than one nomination also give statistics on the length of time between nomination and confirmation. Each appointment action table provides the average "days to confirm" in two ways: mean and median. Both are presented because although the mean is a more familiar measure, it can be influenced by extreme values ("outliers") in the data, while the median does not tend to be influenced by outliers. In other words, a nomination that took an extraordinarily long time might cause a significant change in the mean, but the median would be unaffected. Presenting both numbers provides a more accurate portrayal of the central tendency of the data.
For a small number of positions in this report, the two tables may give slightly different titles to the same position. This is a result of the fact that the titles used in the nomination the White House submits to the Senate, the title of each position as established by statute, and the title of the position used by the department itself are not always identical. The first table in each department profile, the table listing the incumbents at the end of the 111th Congress, relies upon data provided by the department itself in listing the positions. The second table presented, the list of Appointment Action within each department, relies primarily upon the Senate nominations database of the Legislative Information System (LIS). This information is based upon the nomination sent to the Senate by the White House, which is not always identical to the exact title of the position used by the department. However, the inconsistency only appears in a small minority of the positions listed in this report. Inconsistencies are noted in the footnotes following each appointment table.
Appendix A presents a table of all nominations and recess appointments to positions in executive departments, alphabetically organized by last name, and follows a similar format to that of the department appointment action tables. It identifies the agency involved and the dates of nomination and confirmation. The table also indicates if a nomination was confirmed, withdrawn, or returned. The mean and median numbers of days taken to confirm a nomination are also provided.
Appendix B provides a table with summary information on appointments and nominations, by department. For each of the 15 executive departments discussed in this report, the table provides the number of positions, nominations, individual nominees, confirmations, nominations returned, nominations withdrawn, and recess appointments. The table also provides the mean and median numbers of days to confirm a nomination.
A list of department abbreviations can be found in Appendix C.
Position |
Incumbent |
Pay level |
Secretary |
Thomas J. Vilsack |
I |
Deputy Secretary |
Kathleen A. Merrigan |
II |
Inspector Generala |
Phyllis K. Fong |
III + 3%b |
Under Secretary – Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services |
James W. Miller |
III |
Under Secretary – Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services |
Kevin W. Concannon |
III |
Under Secretary – Food Safety |
Elisabeth A. Hagen |
III |
Under Secretary – Marketing and Regulatory Programs |
Edward M. Avalos |
III |
Under Secretary – Natural Resources and Environment |
Harris D. Sherman |
III |
Under Secretary – Research, Education, and Economics |
Catherine E. Woteki |
III |
Under Secretary – Rural Development |
Dallas P. Tonsager |
III |
Assistant Secretary – Administration |
Pearlie S. Reed |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Civil Rights |
Joe Leonard Jr. |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Congressional Relations |
Krysta Harden |
IV |
Chief Financial Officerc |
Jon Holladay (A) |
IV |
General Counsel |
Ramona E. Romero |
IV |
Administrator – Rural Utilities Services |
Jonathan S. Adelstein |
IV |
a. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in the departments. In the case of an IG, however, the law provides that "[i]f an Inspector General is removed from office or is transferred to another position or location within an establishment, the President shall communicate in writing the reasons for any such removal or transfer to both Houses of Congress, not later than 30 days before the removal or transfer" (5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(b)).
b. Under the provisions of 5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(e), "The annual rate of basic pay for an inspector general (as defined under section 12(3)) shall be the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, plus 3 percent."
c. The chief financial officer (CFO) may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). In previous Congresses, the CFO for the Department of Agriculture has been appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate.
Nominee |
Position |
Nominated |
Confirmed |
Days to confirm |
|
Thomas J. Vilsack |
Secretary |
01/20/09 |
01/20/09 |
0 |
|
James W. Miller |
Under Secy. – Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services |
03/18/09 |
04/03/09 |
16 |
|
Kathleen A. Merrigan |
Deputy Secy. |
03/19/09 |
04/03/09 |
15 |
|
Joe Leonard Jr. |
Asst. Secy. – Civil Rights |
03/23/09 |
04/03/09 |
11 |
|
Dallas P. Tonsager |
Under Secy. – Rural Development |
03/25/09 |
05/12/09 |
48 |
|
Krysta Harden |
Asst. Secy. – Congressional Relations |
04/02/09 |
05/12/09 |
40 |
|
Jonathan S. Adelstein |
Admin. – Rural Utilities Services |
04/21/09 |
07/24/09 |
94 |
|
Rajiv J. Shah |
Under Secy. – Research, Education, and Economics |
04/23/09 |
05/12/09 |
19 |
|
Pearlie S. Reed |
Asst. Secy. – Administration |
04/27/09 |
05/12/09 |
15 |
|
Kevin W. Concannon |
Under Secy. – Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services |
04/29/09 |
07/31/09 |
93 |
|
Evan J. Segal |
Chief Financial Officer |
06/01/09 |
07/20/09 |
49 |
|
Edward M. Avalos |
Under Secy. – Marketing and Regulatory Programs |
06/18/09 |
10/08/09 |
112 |
|
Harris D. Sherman |
Under Secy. – Natural Resources and Environment |
09/10/09 |
Withdrawn 09/29/09 |
||
Harris D. Sherman |
Under Secy. – Natural Resources and Environment |
09/29/09 |
10/08/09 |
9 |
|
Elisabeth A. Hagen |
Under Secy. – Food Safety |
01/26/10 |
09/16/10 |
233 |
|
Catherine E. Woteki |
Under Secy. – Research, Education, and Economics |
04/26/10 |
09/16/10 |
143 |
|
Ramona E. Romero |
General Counsel |
06/28/10 |
12/22/10 |
177 |
|
Elisabeth A. Hagen |
Under Secy. – Food Safety |
Recess Appointment 08/19/10a |
|||
Elisabeth A. Hagenb |
Under Secy. – Food Safety |
09/13/10 |
Returned 12/22/10c |
||
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination |
67.1 |
||||
Median number of days to confirm a nomination |
44.0 |
a. Hagen's recess appointment would have expired at the end of the first session of the 112th Congress, by which time she had been confirmed, as shown.
b. When the President makes a recess appointment, he generally submits more than one nomination for the individual to comply with statutory requirements (see section entitled "Recess Appointments" in text). Usually when two or more identical nominations are submitted and the nominee is confirmed, one nomination is documented as confirmed and the others are returned to the President. In this case, the nomination from January 26, 2010, was confirmed, and the nomination from September 13, 2010, was returned to the President.
c. Returned to the President at the end of the 111th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
Positiona |
Incumbent |
Pay level |
Secretary |
Gary Locke |
I |
Deputy Secretary |
Rebecca M. Blank (A) |
II |
Inspector Generalb |
Todd J. Zinser |
III + 3%c |
Under Secretary – Economic Affairs |
Rebecca M. Blank |
III |
Under Secretary – Export Administrationd |
Eric L. Hirschhorn |
III |
Under Secretary – Intellectual Property/Director - U.S. Patent and Trademark Office |
David J. Kappos |
III |
Under Secretary – International Trade |
Francisco J. Sánchez |
III |
Under Secretary – Oceans and Atmosphere/Administrator – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |
Jane Lubchenco |
III |
Assistant Secretary – Administration/Chief Financial Officere |
Scott B. Quehl |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Communications and Information |
Lawrence E. Strickling |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Economic Development |
John R. Fernandez |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Export Administration |
Kevin Wolf |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Export Enforcement |
David W. Mills |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Import Administration |
Vacant |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs |
April S. Boyd |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Manufacturing and Services |
Nicole Y. Lamb-Hale |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Market Access and Compliance |
Michael C. Camuñez |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Environmental Observation and Prediction/Deputy Administrator – NOAA |
Vacant |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Conservation and Management/Deputy Administrator – NOAA |
Larry Robinson |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Trade Promotion/Director General – U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service |
Suresh Kumar |
IV |
Director – Bureau of the Census |
Robert M. Groves |
IV |
Director – National Institute of Standards and Technology |
Patrick D. Gallagher |
IV |
General Counsel |
Cameron F. Kerry |
IV |
Chief Scientist – NOAA |
Vacant |
V |
a. Positions in this column do not include those in the commissioned officer corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which are located in the Department of Commerce.
b. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in the departments. In the case of an IG, however, the law provides that "[i]f an Inspector General is removed from office or is transferred to another position or location within an establishment, the President shall communicate in writing the reasons for any such removal or transfer to both Houses of Congress, not later than 30 days before the removal or transfer" (5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(b)).
c. Under the provisions of 5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(e), "The annual rate of basic pay for an inspector general (as defined under section 12(3)) shall be the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, plus 3 percent."
d. Within the Department of Commerce, this position is also sometimes known as Under Secretary of Industry and Security.
e. The chief financial officer (CFO) may be appointed by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). Quehl was separately nominated and confirmed to be CFO and to be Assistant Secretary for Administration in the 111th Congress.
Nominee |
Position |
Nominated |
Confirmed |
Days to confirm |
Jane Lubchenco |
Under Secy. – Oceans and Atmosphere/Admin. – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |
01/20/09 |
03/19/09 |
58 |
Gary Locke |
Secretary |
03/16/09 |
03/24/09 |
8 |
April S. Boyd |
Asst. Secy. – Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs |
03/19/09 |
04/29/09 |
41 |
Lawrence E. Strickling |
Asst. Secy. – Communications and Information |
03/31/09 |
06/25/09 |
86 |
Cameron F. Kerry |
General Counsel |
04/20/09 |
05/21/09 |
31 |
Francisco J. Sánchez |
Under Secy. – International Trade |
04/20/09 |
09/16/10 |
514 |
Rebecca M. Blank |
Under Secy. – Economic Affairs |
04/28/09 |
05/21/09 |
23 |
Robert M. Groves |
Dir. – Bureau of the Census |
04/29/09 |
07/13/09 |
75 |
David J. Kappos |
Under Secy. – Intellectual Property/Dir. - U.S. Patent and Trademark Office |
06/18/09 |
08/07/09 |
50 |
John R. Fernandez |
Asst. Secy. – Economic Development |
07/20/09 |
09/10/09 |
52 |
Dennis F. Hightower |
Deputy Secy. |
07/24/09 |
08/07/09 |
14 |
Eric L. Hirschhorn |
Under Secy. – Export Administrationa |
09/14/09 |
Returned 12/22/10b |
|
Patrick D. Gallagher |
Dir. – National Institute of Standards and Technology |
10/07/09 |
11/05/09 |
29 |
Scott B. Quehl |
Asst. Secy. – Administration |
10/15/09 |
12/24/09 |
70 |
Scott B. Quehl |
Chief Financial Officer |
10/15/09 |
12/24/09 |
70 |
Suresh Kumar |
Asst. Secy. – Trade Promotion/Dir. General – U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service |
10/29/09 |
02/11/10 |
105 |
Nicole Y. Lamb-Hale |
Asst. Secy. – Manufacturing and Services |
11/18/09 |
02/11/10 |
85 |
David W. Mills |
Asst. Secy. – Export Enforcement |
12/02/09 |
02/11/10 |
71 |
Kevin Wolf |
Asst. Secy. – Export Administration |
12/21/09 |
02/11/10 |
52 |
Timothy McGee |
Asst. Secy. – Environmental Observation and Prediction/ Deputy Admin. – NOAA |
12/21/09 |
Withdrawn 04/22/10 |
|
Larry Robinson |
Asst. Secy. – Conservation and Management/ Deputy Admin. – NOAA |
02/04/10 |
Withdrawn 02/22/10 |
|
Larry Robinson |
Asst. Secy. – Conservation and Management/ Deputy Admin. – NOAA |
02/22/10 |
05/06/10 |
73 |
Michael C. Camuñez |
Asst. Secy. – Market Access and Compliance |
03/02/10 |
09/16/10 |
198 |
Eric L. Hirschhorn |
Under Secy. – Export Administration |
Recess Appointment 03/27/10c |
||
Francisco J. Sánchez |
Under Secy. – International Trade |
Recess Appointment 03/27/10c |
||
Francisco J. Sánchezd |
Under Secy. – International Trade |
04/21/10 |
Returned 12/22/10b |
|
Eric L. Hirschhorne |
Under Secy. – Export Administration |
04/21/10 |
Returned 12/22/10b |
|
Scott C. Doney |
Chief Scientist – NOAA |
08/05/10 |
Returned 12/22/10b |
|
Kathryn D. Sullivan |
Asst. Secy. – Environmental Observation and Prediction/ Deputy Admin. – NOAA |
12/03/10 |
Returned 12/22/10b |
|
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination |
85.3 |
|||
Median number of days to confirm a nomination |
64.0 |
a. Within the Department of Commerce, this position is also sometimes known as Under Secretary for Industry and Security.
b. Returned to the President at the end of the 111th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
c. Sánchez's and Hirschhorn's recess appointments would have ended at the end of the first session of the 112th Congress. Sánchez was confirmed prior to the expiration of his recess appointment, as shown above.
d. When a recess appointment is made, the President generally submits a new nomination for the nominee, even when an earlier nomination is pending, in compliance with 5 U.S.C. §5503. In this case, the President nominated Sánchez on April 20, 2009, recess-appointed him on March 27, 2010, then sent another nomination following the recess on April 21, 2010.
e. When a recess appointment is made, the President generally submits a new nomination for the nominee, even when an earlier nomination is pending, in compliance with 5 U.S.C. §5503. In this case, the President nominated Hirschorn on September 14, 2009, recess-appointed him on March 27, 2010, then sent another nomination following the recess on April 21, 2010.
Position |
Incumbent |
Pay level |
Secretary |
Robert M. Gates |
I |
Deputy Secretary |
William J. Lynn III |
II |
Under Secretary – Acquisition, Technology and Logistics |
Ashton B. Carter |
II |
Inspector Generala |
Gordon S. Heddell |
III + 3%b |
Under Secretary – Comptroller/Chief Financial Officerc |
Robert F. Hale |
III |
Under Secretary – Intelligence |
Thomas A. Ferguson (A) |
III |
Under Secretary – Personnel and Readiness |
Clifford L. Stanley |
III |
Under Secretary – Policy |
Michèle A. Flournoy |
III |
Deputy Chief Management Officerd |
Elizabeth A. McGrath |
III |
Principal Deputy Under Secretary – Acquisition, Technology and Logisticse |
Frank Kendall III |
III |
Principal Deputy Under Secretary – Comptrollerf |
Michael J. McCord |
IV |
Principal Deputy Under Secretary – Intelligenceg |
Thomas A. Ferguson |
IV |
Principal Deputy Under Secretary – Personnel and Readiness |
Lynn C. Simpson (A) |
IV |
Principal Deputy Under Secretary – Policy |
James N. Miller Jr. |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Acquisitionh |
Shay Assad (A) |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Asian and Pacific Security Affairs |
Wallace C. Gregson |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Global Strategic Affairs |
Ken Handelman (A) |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Health Affairs |
Jonathan Woodson |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Homeland Defense and Americas' Security Affairs |
Paul N. Stockton |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – International Security Affairs |
Alexander Vershbow |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Legislative Affairs |
Elizabeth L. King |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Logistics and Materiel Readinessi |
Alan F. Estevez (A) |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Networks and Information Integration |
Teresa M. Takai (A) |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Public Affairs |
Douglas B. Wilson |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Reserve Affairs |
Dennis M. McCarthy |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict |
Michael G. Vickers |
IV |
Director – Cost Assessment and Program Evaluationj |
Christine H. Fox |
IV |
Director – Defense Research and Engineering |
Zachary J. Lemnios |
IV |
Director – Operational Energy Plans and Programsk |
Sharon E. Burke |
IV |
Director – Operational Test and Evaluationl |
J. Michael Gilmore |
IV |
General Counsel |
Jeh C. Johnson |
IV |
Assistant to the Secretary – Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Defense Programs |
Andrew C. Weber |
V |
Department of the Air Force |
||
Secretary |
Michael B. Donley |
II |
Under Secretary |
Erin C. Conaton |
III |
Assistant Secretary – Acquisition |
David M. Van Buren (A) |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Financial Management/Comptroller |
Jamie M. Morin |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Manpower and Reserve Affairs |
Daniel B. Ginsberg |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Installations, Environment and Logistics |
Terry A. Yonkers |
IV |
General Counsel |
Charles A. Blanchard |
IV |
Department of the Army |
||
Secretary |
John M. McHugh |
II |
Under Secretary |
Joseph W. Westphal |
III |
Assistant Secretary – Civil Works |
Jo-Ellen Darcy |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Financial Management/Comptroller |
Mary S. Matiella |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Acquisition, Logistics and Technology |
Malcolm R. O'Neill |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Installations, Energy and Environment |
Katherine Hammack |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Manpower and Reserve Affairs |
Thomas R. Lamont |
IV |
General Counsel |
Vacant |
IV |
Department of the Navy |
||
Secretary |
Raymond E. Mabus Jr. |
II |
Under Secretary |
Robert O. Work |
III |
Assistant Secretary – Financial Management/Comptroller |
Gladys J. Commons |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Energy, Installations and Environment |
Jackalyne Pfannenstiel |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Manpower and Reserve Affairs |
Juan M. Garcia III |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Research, Development, and Acquisition |
Sean J. Stackley |
IV |
General Counsel |
Paul L. Oostburg Sanz |
IV |
Joint Chiefs of Staffm |
(Members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff are compensated under the military pay system, rather than the executive schedule.) |
|
Chairman |
Michael Mullen |
|
Vice Chairman |
James E. Cartwright |
|
Chief of Staff (Air Force) |
Norton A. Schwartz |
|
Chief of Staff (Army) |
George W. Casey Jr. |
|
Chief of Naval Operations |
Gary Roughead |
|
Commandant of the Marine Corps |
James F. Amos |
a. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in the departments. In the case of an IG, however, the law provides that "[i]f an Inspector General is removed from office or is transferred to another position or location within an establishment, the President shall communicate in writing the reasons for any such removal or transfer to both Houses of Congress, not later than 30 days before the removal or transfer" (5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(b)).
b. Under the provisions of 5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(e), "The annual rate of basic pay for an inspector general (as defined under section 12(3)) shall be the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, plus 3 percent."
c. The chief financial officer (CFO) may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). In the 111th Congress, Hale was confirmed to be Under Secretary of Defense/Comptroller and was designated CFO for DOD.
d. The position of Deputy Chief Management Officer was established by P.L. 110-181, Division A, Title IX, Subtitle A, §904(a) (122 Stat. 273), and was filled for the first time during the 111th Congress, as shown.
e. The position of Principal Deputy Under Secretary for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics was established by P.L. 111-84, Division A, Title IX, Subtitle A, §906(a) (123 Stat. 2425) and was filled for the first time during the 111th Congress, as shown.
f. The position of Principal Deputy Under Secretary (Comptroller) was established by P.L. 111-84, Division A, Title IX, Subtitle A, §906(a) (123 Stat. 2425) and was filled for the first time during the 111th Congress, as shown.
g. Ferguson was serving as Principal Deputy Under Secretary for Intelligence prior to the position's becoming a presidential appointment requiring the advice and consent of the Senate. Under the provisions of P.L. 111-84, Division A, Title IX, Subtitle A, §906(a) (123 Stat. 2425), he may continue to serve in such position without requiring Senate confirmation for a period of up to four years after the date of the enactment of P.L. 111-94 (October 28, 2009).
h. The position of Assistant Secretary for Acquisition was established by P.L. 111-84, Division A, Title IX, Subtitle A, §906(a) (123 Stat. 2425). At the end of the 111th Congress, the position was filled by an Acting Assistant Secretary for Acquisition.
i. The position of Assistant Secretary for Logistics and Materiel Readiness was established by P.L. 111-84, Division A, Title IX, Subtitle A, §906(a) (123 Stat. 2425). At the end of the 111th Congress, the position was filled by an Acting Assistant Secretary for Logistics and Materiel Readiness.
j. The position of Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation was established by P.L. 111-23, Title I, §101(a) (123 Stat. 1705) and was filled for the first time during the 111th Congress, as shown.
k. The position of Director of Operational Energy Plans and Programs was established by P.L. 110-417, Title IX, Subtitle A, §902(a) (122 State. 4564) and was filled for the first time during the 111th Congress, as shown. Within the Department of Defense, this position is referred to as the Assistant Secretary – Operational Energy Plans and Programs.
l. The President may remove the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation from office. The law provides that "The President shall communicate the reasons for any such removal to both Houses of Congress" (10 U.S.C. §139(a)(1)).
m. The chairman and vice chairman serve two-year terms; other members serve four-year terms. See 10 U.S.C. §152(a) and 10 U.S.C. §154(a)(3).
Nominee |
Position |
Nominated |
Confirmed |
Days to confirm |
Michèle A. Flournoy |
Under Secy. – Policy |
01/20/09 |
02/09/09 |
20 |
Robert F. Hale |
Under Secy. – Comptroller/Chief Financial Officer |
01/20/09 |
02/09/09 |
20 |
Jeh C. Johnson |
General Counsel |
01/20/09 |
02/09/09 |
20 |
William J. Lynn III |
Deputy Secy. |
01/20/09 |
02/11/09 |
22 |
James N. Miller Jr. |
Prin. Deputy Under Secy. – Policy |
03/10/09 |
04/03/09 |
24 |
Alexander Vershbow |
Asst. Secy. – International Security Affairs |
03/12/09 |
04/03/09 |
22 |
Ashton B. Carter |
Under Secy. – Acquisition, Technology and Logistics |
03/18/09 |
04/23/09 |
36 |
Jo-Ellen Darcy |
Asst. Secy. – Army – Civil Works |
04/02/09 |
08/07/09 |
127 |
Robert O. Work |
Under Secy. – Navy |
04/20/09 |
05/18/09 |
28 |
Donald M. Remy |
General Counsel – Army |
04/20/09 |
Withdrawn 06/17/09 |
|
Michael Nacht |
Asst. Secy. – Global Strategic Affairs |
04/20/09 |
05/07/09 |
17 |
Raymond E. Mabus Jr. |
Secretary – Navy |
04/20/09 |
05/18/09 |
28 |
Elizabeth L. King |
Asst. Secy. – Legislative Affairs |
04/20/09 |
05/07/09 |
17 |
Wallace C. Gregson |
Asst. Secy. – Asian and Pacific Security Affairs |
04/20/09 |
05/07/09 |
17 |
James E. Cartwright |
Vice Chairman – Joint Chiefs of Staff |
04/20/09 |
07/31/09 |
102 |
Thomas R. Lamont |
Asst. Secy. – Army – Manpower and Reserve Affairs |
04/27/09 |
05/18/09 |
21 |
Paul N. Stockton |
Asst. Secy. – Homeland Defense and Americas' Security Affairs |
04/28/09 |
05/18/09 |
20 |
Andrew C. Weber |
Asst. to the Secretary – Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Defense Programs |
04/29/09 |
05/18/09 |
19 |
Charles A. Blanchard |
General Counsel – Air Force |
04/30/09 |
05/18/09 |
18 |
Jamie M. Morin |
Asst. Secy. – Air Force – Financial Management/Comptroller |
05/11/09 |
06/19/09 |
39 |
Zachary J. Lemnios |
Dir. – Defense Research and Engineering |
05/18/09 |
06/19/09 |
32 |
Michael G. Mullen |
Chairman – Joint Chiefs of Staff |
05/20/09 |
09/25/09 |
128 |
Gordon S. Heddell |
Inspector General |
06/01/09 |
07/10/09 |
39 |
J. Michael Gilmore |
Dir. – Operational Test and Evaluation |
06/01/09 |
09/21/09 |
112 |
Dennis M. McCarthy |
Asst. Secy. – Reserve Affairs |
06/01/09 |
06/25/09 |
24 |
Daniel B. Ginsberg |
Asst. Secy. – Air Force – Manpower and Reserve Affairs |
06/02/09 |
07/06/09 |
34 |
Joseph W. Westphal |
Under Secy. – Army |
06/11/09 |
09/16/09 |
97 |
Juan M. Garcia III |
Asst. Secy. – Navy – Manpower and Reserve Affairs |
06/18/09 |
09/16/09 |
90 |
John M. McHugh |
Secretary – Army |
07/06/09 |
09/16/09 |
72 |
Terry A. Yonkers |
Asst. Secy. – Air Force – Installations, Environment and Logistics |
08/03/09 |
03/04/10 |
213 |
Frank Kendall III |
Deputy Under Secy. – Acquisition, Technology and Logistics |
08/05/09 |
Withdrawn 10/29/09 |
|
Gladys J. Commons |
Asst. Secy. – Navy – Financial Management/Comptroller |
09/29/09 |
10/28/09 |
29 |
Christine H. Fox |
Dir. – Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation |
10/01/09 |
10/28/09 |
27 |
Clifford L. Stanley |
Under Secy. – Personnel and Readiness |
10/15/09 |
02/09/10 |
117 |
Frank Kendall III |
Prin. Deputy Under Secy. – Acquisition, Technology and Logistics |
10/29/09 |
03/04/10 |
126 |
Erin C. Conaton |
Under Secy. – Air Force |
11/10/09 |
03/04/10 |
114 |
Mary S. Matiella |
Asst. Secy. – Army – Financial Management/Comptroller |
11/20/09 |
02/11/10 |
83 |
Paul L. Oostburg Sanz |
General Counsel – Navy |
11/20/09 |
03/04/10 |
104 |
Solomon B. Watson IV |
General Counsel – Army |
11/20/09 |
Returned 12/22/10a |
|
Malcolm R. O'Neill |
Asst. Secy. – Army – Acquisition, Logistics and Technology |
12/03/09 |
03/04/10 |
91 |
Jackalyne Pfannenstiel |
Asst. Secy. – Navy – Energy, Installations and Environment |
12/03/09 |
03/04/10 |
91 |
Douglas B. Wilson |
Asst. Secy. – Public Affairs |
12/03/09 |
02/11/10 |
70 |
Sharon E. Burke |
Dir. – Operational Energy Plans and Programs |
12/11/09 |
06/22/10 |
193 |
Katherine Hammack |
Asst. Secy. – Army – Installations, Energy and Environment |
01/20/10 |
06/22/10 |
153 |
Michael J. McCord |
Prin. Deputy Under Secy./Comptroller |
03/01/10 |
06/22/10 |
113 |
Elizabeth A. McGrath |
Deputy Chief Management Officer |
03/10/10 |
06/22/10 |
104 |
Jonathan Woodson |
Asst. Secy. – Health Affairs |
03/22/10 |
12/22/10 |
275 |
Teresa M. Takai |
Asst. Secy. – Networks and Information Integration |
04/12/10 |
Withdrawn 09/29/10 |
|
James F. Amos |
Commandant - Marine Corps - Joint Chiefs of Staff |
07/21/10 |
09/29/10 |
70 |
Jo Ann Rooney |
Prin. Deputy Under Secy. – Personnel and Readiness |
09/29/10 |
Returned 12/22/10a |
|
Michael Vickers |
Under Secy. – Intelligence |
09/29/10 |
Returned 12/22/10a |
|
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination |
71.5 |
|||
Median number of days to confirm a nomination |
39.0 |
Position |
Incumbent |
Pay level |
Secretary |
Arne Duncan |
I |
Deputy Secretary |
Anthony W. Miller |
II |
Director – Institute of Education Sciencesa |
John Q. Easton |
II |
Inspector Generalb |
Kathleen S. Tighe |
III + 3%c |
Under Secretary |
Martha J. Kanter |
III |
Chief Financial Officerd |
Thomas Skelly (A) |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Civil Rights |
Russlynn Ali |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Communications and Outreach |
Peter Cunningham |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Elementary and Secondary Education |
Thelma Meléndez de Santa Ana |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Legislation and Congressional Affairs |
Gabriella C. Gomez |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Management |
Winona Varnon (A) |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development |
Carmel Martin |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Postsecondary Education |
Eduardo M. Ochoa |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Special Education and Rehabilitative Services |
Alexa E. Posny |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Vocational and Adult Education |
Brenda Dann-Messier |
IV |
General Counsel |
Charles P. Rose |
IV |
Commissioner – Education Statisticse |
Sean P. Buckley |
IV |
Commissioner – Rehabilitation Services Administration |
Lynnae M. Ruttledge |
V |
a. This position has a six-year term and specified qualifications. See 20 U.S.C. §9514.
b. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in the departments. In the case of an IG, however, the law provides that "[i]f an Inspector General is removed from office or is transferred to another position or location within an establishment, the President shall communicate in writing the reasons for any such removal or transfer to both Houses of Congress, not later than 30 days before the removal or transfer" (5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(b)).
c. Under the provisions of 5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(e), "The annual rate of basic pay for an inspector general (as defined under section 12(3)) shall be the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, plus 3 percent."
d. The chief financial officer (CFO) may be appointed by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). In previous Congresses, the CFO for the Department of Education has been appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate.
e. This position has a six-year term and specified qualifications. See 20 U.S.C. §9517(b).
Nominee |
Position |
Nominated |
Confirmed |
Days to confirm |
Arne Duncan |
Secretary |
01/20/09 |
01/20/09 |
0 |
Russlynn Ali |
Asst. Secy. – Civil Rights |
03/18/09 |
05/01/09 |
44 |
Carmel Martin |
Asst. Secy. – Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development |
03/18/09 |
05/01/09 |
44 |
Charles P. Rose |
General Counsel |
03/18/09 |
05/01/09 |
44 |
Peter Cunningham |
Asst. Secy. – Communications and Outreach |
03/19/09 |
05/01/09 |
43 |
Gabriella C. Gomez |
Asst. Secy. – Legislation and Congressional Affairs |
04/20/09 |
05/01/09 |
11 |
John Q. Easton |
Dir. – Institute of Education Sciences |
04/20/09 |
05/21/09 |
31 |
Martha J. Kanter |
Under Secy. |
04/29/09 |
06/19/09 |
51 |
Anthony W. Miller |
Deputy Secy. |
05/18/09 |
07/24/09 |
67 |
Thelma Meléndez de Santa Ana |
Asst. Secy. – Elementary and Secondary Education |
06/08/09 |
07/24/09 |
46 |
Alexa E. Posny |
Asst. Secy. – Special Education and Rehabilitative Services |
07/07/09 |
10/05/09 |
90 |
Brenda Dann-Messier |
Asst. Secy. – Vocational and Adult Education |
07/14/09 |
10/05/09 |
83 |
Lynnae M. Ruttledge |
Commissioner – Rehabilitation Services Administration |
10/15/09 |
12/24/09 |
70 |
Kathleen S. Tighe |
Inspector General |
11/20/09 |
03/10/10 |
110 |
Eduardo M. Ochoa |
Asst. Secy. – Postsecondary Education |
02/24/10 |
06/22/10 |
118 |
Sean P. Buckley |
Commissioner – Education Statistics |
07/12/10 |
12/22/10 |
163 |
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination |
63.4 |
|||
Median number of days to confirm a nomination |
48.5 |
Position |
Incumbent |
Pay level |
Secretary |
Steven Chu |
I |
Deputy Secretary |
Daniel B. Poneman |
II |
Inspector Generala |
Gregory H. Friedman |
III + 3%b |
Under Secretary |
Catherine R. Zoi (A) |
III |
Under Secretary – Nuclear Security/Administrator – National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) |
Thomas P. D'Agostino |
III |
Under Secretary – Science |
Steven E. Koonin |
III |
Director – Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energyc |
Arun Majumdar |
III |
Principal Deputy Administrator – NNSA |
Neile L. Miller |
IV |
Deputy Administrator – Defense Programs, NNSA |
Donald L. Cook |
IV |
Deputy Administrator – Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, NNSA |
Anne M. Harrington |
IV |
Administrator – Energy Information Administration |
Richard G. Newell |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs |
Jeffrey A. Lane |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability |
Patricia A. Hoffman |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy |
Catherine R. Zoi |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Environmental Management |
Inés R. Triay |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Fossil Energy |
Victor Der (A) |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Nuclear Energy |
Peter B. Lyons (A) |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Policy and International Affairs |
David B. Sandalow |
IV |
Chief Financial Officer |
Steven J. Isakowitz |
IV |
Director – Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management |
IV |
|
Director – Office of Economic Impact and Diversitye |
Bill Valdez (A) |
IV |
Director – Office of Science |
William F. Brinkman |
IV |
General Counsel |
Scott B. Harris |
IV |
a. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in the departments. In the case of an IG, however, the law provides that "[i]f an Inspector General is removed from office or is transferred to another position or location within an establishment, the President shall communicate in writing the reasons for any such removal or transfer to both Houses of Congress, not later than 30 days before the removal or transfer" (5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(b)).
b. Under the provisions of 5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(e), "The annual rate of basic pay for an inspector general (as defined under section 12(3)) shall be the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, plus 3 percent."
c. The position of Director – Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy in the Department of Energy was established by P.L. 110-69, Title V, §5012 (121 Stat. 621), enacted August 9, 2007. The position was first filled in the 111th Congress as shown.
d. This position ceased to exist after September 2010 (although it is still listed in the U.S. Code at 42 U.S.C. §10224). The Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management was abolished as September 30, 2010, after it was determined that the office would no longer receive funding. For more information, see CRS Report RL33461, Civilian Nuclear Waste Disposal, by [author name scrubbed].
e. This position is called Director – Office of Minority Economic Impact in the Senate nominations database of the Legislative Information System (LIS). Within the Department of Energy it is referred to as the Office of Economic Impact and Diversity.
Nominee |
Position |
Nominated |
Confirmed |
Days to confirm |
|
Steven Chu |
Secretary |
01/20/09 |
01/20/09 |
0 |
|
Kristina M. Johnson |
Under Secy. |
03/23/09 |
05/19/09 |
57 |
|
Steven E. Koonin |
Under Secy. – Science |
03/26/09 |
05/19/09 |
54 |
|
Inés R. Triay |
Asst. Secy. – Environmental Management |
03/31/09 |
05/20/09 |
50 |
|
Scott B. Harris |
General Counsel |
04/02/09 |
05/19/09 |
47 |
|
David B. Sandalow |
Asst. Secy. – Policy and International Affairs |
04/20/09 |
05/18/09 |
28 |
|
Daniel B. Poneman |
Deputy Secy. |
04/20/09 |
05/18/09 |
28 |
|
Catherine R. Zoi |
Asst. Secy. – Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy |
04/27/09 |
06/19/09 |
53 |
|
William F. Brinkman |
Dir. – Office of Science |
04/27/09 |
06/19/09 |
53 |
|
Richard G. Newell |
Admin. – Energy Information Administration |
05/18/09 |
07/31/09 |
74 |
|
James J. Markowsky |
Asst. Secy. – Fossil Energy |
06/18/09 |
08/07/09 |
50 |
|
Warren F. Miller Jr. |
Asst. Secy. – Nuclear Energy |
06/18/09 |
08/07/09 |
50 |
|
Warren F. Miller Jr. |
Dir. – Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Managementa |
06/22/09 |
Returned 08/05/10b |
||
Jose A. Garcia |
Dir. – Office of Economic Impact and Diversityc |
07/20/09 |
10/21/09 |
93 |
|
Arun Majumdar |
Dir. – Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy |
09/21/09 |
10/21/09 |
30 |
|
Donald L. Cook |
Deputy Admin. – Defense Programs, NNSA |
12/03/09 |
06/22/10 |
201 |
|
Patricia A. Hoffman |
Asst. Secy. – Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability |
12/09/09 |
06/22/10 |
195 |
|
Jeffrey A. Lane |
Asst. Secy. – Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs |
02/01/10 |
06/22/10 |
141 |
|
Neile L. Miller |
Prin. Deputy Admin. – NNSA |
05/27/10 |
08/05/10 |
70 |
|
Anne M. Harrington |
Deputy Admin. – Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, NNSA |
06/14/10 |
09/29/10 |
107 |
|
Peter B. Lyons |
Asst. Secy. – Nuclear Energy |
12/13/10 |
|
||
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination |
72.7 |
||||
Median number of days to confirm a nomination |
53.0 |
a. This position ceased to exist after September 2010 (although it is still listed in the U.S. Code at 42 U.S.C. §10224). The Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management was abolished as September 30, 2010, after it was determined that the office would no longer receive funding. For more information, see CRS Report RL33461, Civilian Nuclear Waste Disposal, by [author name scrubbed].
b. Returned to the President at the beginning of a Senate recess of more than 30 days under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
c. This position is called Director – Office of Minority Economic Impact in the Senate nominations database of the Legislative Information System (LIS). Within the Department of Energy it is referred to as the Office of Economic Impact and Diversity.
d. Returned to the President at the end of the 111th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
Positiona |
Incumbent |
Pay level |
Secretary |
Kathleen Sebelius |
I |
Deputy Secretary |
William V. Corr |
II |
Inspector Generalb |
Daniel R. Levinson |
III + 3%c |
Administrator – Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services |
Donald M. Berwick |
III |
Administrator – Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration |
Pamela S. Hyde |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Aging |
Kathy J. Greenlee |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Children and Familiesd |
David Hansell (A) |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Health |
Howard K. Koh |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Legislation |
Jim R. Esquea |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Planning and Evaluation |
Sherry Glied |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Preparedness and Response |
Nicole Lurie |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Public Affairs |
Richard Sorian |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Financial Resources /Chief Financial Officere |
Ellen G. Murray |
IV |
Commissioner – Food and Drugs |
Margaret A. Hamburg |
IV |
Director – National Institutes of Health |
Francis S. Collins |
IV |
General Counsel |
Mark Childress (A) |
IV |
Commissioner – Children, Youth, and Families |
Bryan H. Samuels |
V |
Commissioner – Administration for Native Americans |
Lillian A. Sparks |
V |
Director – Indian Health Servicef |
Yvette Roubideaux |
V |
Surgeon Generalg |
Regina M. Benjamin |
a. The positions in this column do not include officers of the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, which are located in the Department of Health and Human Services, except in cases where such a commission is incident to the position listed.
b. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in the departments. In the case of an IG, however, the law provides that "[i]f an Inspector General is removed from office or is transferred to another position or location within an establishment, the President shall communicate in writing the reasons for any such removal or transfer to both Houses of Congress, not later than 30 days before the removal or transfer" (5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(b)).
c. Under the provisions of 5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(e), "The annual rate of basic pay for an inspector general (as defined under section 12(3)) shall be the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, plus 3 percent."
d. This position is called Assistant Secretary for Family Support in the Senate nominations database of the Legislative Information System (LIS).
e. The chief financial officer (CFO) may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(l)). The Assistant Secretary for Financial Resources is HUD's designated CFO.
f. This position has a four-year term; a Director may serve more than one term. See 25 U.S.C. §1661(a)(2).
g. This position has a four-year term and specified qualifications. See 42 U.S.C. §205.
h. The Surgeon General is compensated as a commissioned officer at Level 0-9. See 37 U.S.C. §201.
Nominee |
Position |
Nominated |
Confirmed |
Days to confirm |
Thomas A. Daschle |
Secretary |
01/20/09 |
Withdrawn 02/09/09 |
|
Kathleen Sebelius |
Secretary |
03/17/09 |
04/28/09 |
42 |
William V. Corr |
Deputy Secy. |
03/17/09 |
05/06/09 |
50 |
Margaret A. Hamburg |
Commissioner – Food and Drugs |
03/25009 |
05/18/09 |
54 |
Yvette Roubideaux |
Dir. – Indian Health Service |
03/26/09 |
05/06/09 |
41 |
Howard K. Koh |
Asst. Secy.– Health |
04/20/09 |
06/19/09 |
60 |
Kathy J. Greenlee |
Asst. Secy. – Aging |
05/04/09 |
06/25/09 |
52 |
Carmen R. Nazario |
Asst. Secy. – Children and Families |
05/06/09 |
09/22/09 |
139 |
Ellen G. Murray |
Asst. Secy. – Financial Resources/ Chief Financial Officer |
06/01/09 |
02/11/10 |
255 |
Nicole Lurie |
Asst. Secy. – Preparedness and Response |
06/01/09 |
07/10/09 |
39 |
Francis S. Collins |
Dir. – National Institutes of Health |
07/09/09 |
08/07/09 |
29 |
Sherry Glied |
Asst. Secy. – Planning and Evaluation |
07/09/09 |
06/22/10 |
348 |
Bryan H. Samuels |
Commissioner – Children, Youth, and Families |
07/13/09 |
02/11/10 |
213 |
Regina M. Benjamin |
Surgeon General |
07/22/09 |
10/29/09 |
99 |
Jim R. Esquea |
Asst. Secy. – Legislation |
08/06/09 |
06/22/10 |
320 |
Richard Sorian |
Asst. Secy. – Public Affairs |
10/05/09 |
Returned 12/22/10a |
|
Pamela S. Hyde |
Admin. – Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration |
10/05/09 |
11/20/09 |
46 |
Lillian A. Sparks |
Commissioner – Administration for Native Americans |
10/22/09 |
03/03/10 |
132 |
Donald M. Berwick |
Admin. – Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services |
04/19/10 |
Returned 08/05/10b |
|
Donald M. Berwick |
Admin. – Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services |
Recess appointment 07/07/10c |
||
Donald M. Berwickd |
Admin. – Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services |
07/19/10 |
Returned 08/05/10b |
|
Richard Sorian |
Asst. Secy. – Public Affairs |
Recess appointment 08/19/10c |
||
Donald M. Berwickd |
Admin. – Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services |
09/13/10 |
Returned 12/22/10a |
|
Richard Soriane |
Asst. Secy. – Public Affairs |
09/13/10 |
Returned 12/22/10a |
|
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination |
119.9 |
|||
Median number of days to confirm a nomination |
57.0 |
a. Returned to the President at the end of the 111th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules.
b. Returned to the President at the beginning of a Senate recess of more than 30 days under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
c. The recess appointments of Berwick and Sorian expired at the end of the first session of the 112th Congress.
d. When a recess appointment is made, the President generally submits a new nomination for the nominee, even when an earlier nomination is pending, in compliance with 5 U.S.C. §5503. In this case, the President nominated Berwick on April 19, 2010, recess-appointed him on July 7, 2010, then submitted another nomination following the recess on July 19, 2010. However, both nominations were returned to the President at the beginning of the Senate recess in August 2010, under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate. Therefore, the President submitted another nomination for Berwick on September 13, 2010, following the conclusion of that recess.
e. When a recess appointment is made, the President generally submits a new nomination for the nominee, even when an earlier nomination is pending, in compliance with 5 U.S.C. §5503. In this case, the President nominated Sorian on October 5, 2009, recess-appointed him on August 19, 2010, then submitted another nomination following the recess on September 13, 2010.
Position |
Incumbent |
Pay level |
Secretary |
Janet A. Napolitano |
I |
Deputy Secretary |
Jane H. Lute |
II |
Inspector Generala |
Richard L. Skinner |
III + 3%b |
Under Secretary – Intelligence and Analysisc |
Caryn A. Wagner |
III |
Under Secretary – Management |
Rafael Borras |
III |
Under Secretary – National Protection and Programs Directorate |
Rand Beers |
III |
Under Secretary – Science and Technology |
Tara J. O'Toole |
III |
Director – U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services |
Alejandro N. Mayorkas |
III |
Commissioner – U.S. Customs and Border Protection |
Alan D. Bersin |
III |
Assistant Secretary – Health Affairs and Chief Medical Officer |
Alexander G. Garza |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Policy |
David F. Heyman |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Transportation Security Administrationd |
John S. Pistole |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcemente |
John T. Morton |
IV |
Chief Financial Officerf |
Vacant |
IV |
General Counsel |
Ivan K. Fong |
IV |
Commandant of the Coast Guard |
Robert J. Papp Jr. |
Admiralg |
Director - Office of Counternarcotics Enforcement |
Grayling G. Williams |
IV |
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) |
||
Administrator |
W. Craig Fugate |
II |
Deputy Administrator – Protection and National Preparedness |
Timothy W. Manning |
III |
Deputy Administrator/Chief Operating Officer |
Richard Serino |
III |
Assistant Administrator – Grants Program Directorate |
Elizabeth M. Harman |
IV |
Administrator – U.S. Fire Administration |
Glenn A. Gaines (A) |
IV |
a. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in the departments. In the case of an IG, however, the law provides that "[i]f an Inspector General is removed from office or is transferred to another position or location within an establishment, the President shall communicate in writing the reasons for any such removal or transfer to both Houses of Congress, not later than 30 days before the removal or transfer" (5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(b)).
b. Under the provisions of 5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(e), "The annual rate of basic pay for an inspector general (as defined under section 12(3)) shall be the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, plus 3 percent."
c. The position of Under Secretary – Intelligence and Analysis in the Department of Homeland Security was established by P.L. 110-53, Title V, Subtitle D §531 (a) (121 Stat. 332), enacted August 3, 2007. The position was first filled in the 111th Congress as shown.
d. Within the Department of Homeland Security, this position is also sometimes known as the Administrator, Transportation Security Administration.
e. Within the Department of Homeland Security, this position is also sometimes known as the Director of Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
f. The chief financial officer (CFO) may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). Prior to the vacancy in this position, the CFO was appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate.
g. The Commandant of the Coast Guard is compensated under the military pay system, rather than the executive schedule, with the grade of Admiral.
Nominee |
Position |
Nominated |
Confirmed |
Days to confirm |
Janet A. Napolitano |
Secretary |
01/20/09 |
01/20/09 |
0 |
Jane H. Lute |
Deputy Secy. |
02/25/09 |
04/03/09 |
37 |
John T. Morton |
Asst. Secy. – U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement |
03/10/09 |
05/12/09 |
63 |
Ivan K. Fong |
General Counsel |
03/11/09 |
05/06/09 |
56 |
W. Craig Fugate |
Admin. – FEMA |
03/17/09 |
05/12/09 |
56 |
Timothy W. Manning |
Deputy Admin. – Protection and National Preparedness – FEMA |
04/02/09 |
05/06/09 |
34 |
Rand Beers |
Under Secy. – National Protection and Programs Directorate |
04/20/09 |
06/19/09 |
60 |
David F. Heyman |
Asst. Secy. – Policy |
04/27/09 |
06/04/09 |
38 |
Philip Mudd |
Under Secy. – Intelligence and Analysis |
05/04/09 |
Withdrawn 07/06/09 |
|
Tara J. O'Toole |
Under Secy. – Science and Technology |
05/06/09 |
11/04/09 |
182 |
Alejandro N. Mayorkas |
Dir. – U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services |
05/20/09 |
08/07/09 |
79 |
Rafael Borras |
Under Secy. – Management |
07/06/09 |
Returned 12/22/10a |
|
Alexander G. Garza |
Asst. Secy. – Health Affairs and Chief Medical Officer |
07/07/09 |
Withdrawn 07/27/09 |
|
Alexander G. Garza |
Asst. Secy. – Health Affairs and Chief Medical Officer |
07/27/09 |
08/07/09 |
11 |
Richard Serino |
Deputy Admin./Chief Operating Officer – FEMA |
07/27/09 |
10/05/09 |
70 |
Kelvin J. Cochran |
Admin. – U.S. Fire Administration – FEMA |
07/28/09 |
08/07/09 |
10 |
Erroll G. Southers |
Asst. Secy. – Transportation Security Administration |
09/17/09 |
Withdrawn 01/21/10 |
|
Alan D. Bersin |
Commissioner – U.S. Customs and Border Protection |
09/29/09 |
Returned 08/05/10b |
|
Elizabeth M. Harman |
Asst. Admin. – Grants Program Directorate – FEMA |
10/13/09 |
03/03/10 |
141 |
Caryn A. Wagner |
Under Secy. – Intelligence and Analysis |
10/26/09 |
02/11/10 |
108 |
Grayling G. Williams |
Dir. – Office of Counternarcotics Enforcement |
11/04/09 |
12/24/09 |
50 |
Robert J. Papp Jr. |
Commandant of the Coast Guard |
12/22/09 |
04/22/10 |
121 |
Robert A. Harding |
Asst. Secy. – Transportation Security Administration |
03/08/10 |
Withdrawn 04/12/10 |
|
Alan D. Bersin |
Commissioner – U.S. Customs and Border Protection |
Recess appointment 03/27/10c |
||
Rafael Borras |
Under Secy. – Management |
Recess appointment 03/27/10c |
||
Alan D. Bersind |
Commissioner – U.S. Customs and Border Protection |
04/21/10 |
Returned 08/05/10b |
|
Rafael Borrase |
Under Secy. – Management |
04/21/10 |
Returned 12/22/10a |
|
John S. Pistole |
Asst. Secy. – Transportation Security Administration |
05/17/10 |
06/25/10 |
39 |
Alan D. Bersind |
Commissioner – U.S. Customs and Border Protection |
09/13/10 |
Returned 12/22/10a |
|
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination |
64.2 |
|||
Median number of days to confirm a nomination |
56.0 |
a. Returned to the President at the end of the 111th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
b. Returned to the President at the beginning of a Senate recess of more than 30 days under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
c. The recess appointments of Bersin and Borras expired at the end of the first session of the 112th Congress.
d. When a recess appointment is made, the President generally submits a new nomination for the nominee, even when an earlier nomination is pending, in compliance with 5 U.S.C. §5503. In this case, the President nominated Bersin on September 29, 2009, recess-appointed him on March 27, 2010, then submitted another nomination following the recess on April 21, 2010. However both nominations were returned to the President at the beginning of August 2010, under provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate. Therefore, the President submitted another nomination for Bersin on September 13, 2010, following the conclusion of that recess.
e. When a recess appointment is made, the President generally submits a new nomination for the nominee, even when an earlier nomination is pending, in compliance with 5 U.S.C. §5503. In this case, the President nominated Borras on July 6, 2009, recess-appointed him on March 27, 2010, then sent another nomination following the recess on April 21, 2010.
Position |
Incumbent |
Pay level |
Secretary |
Shaun L. S. Donovan |
I |
Deputy Secretary |
Ronald C. Sims |
II |
Inspector Generala |
Vacant |
III + 3%b |
Assistant Secretary – Administration |
Vacant |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Community Planning and Development |
Mercedes M. Márquez |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Congressional and Intergovernmental Relations |
Peter A. Kovar |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity |
John D. Trasviña |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Housing/Federal Housing Administration Commissioner |
David H. Stevens |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Policy Development and Research |
Raphael W. Bostic |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Public Affairs |
Vacant |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Public and Indian Housing |
Sandra B. Henriquez |
IV |
Chief Financial Officerc |
Douglas A. Criscitello |
IV |
General Counsel |
Helen R. Kanovsky |
IV |
President – Government National Mortgage Association |
Theodore W. Tozer |
IV |
a. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in the departments. In the case of an IG, however, the law provides that "[i]f an Inspector General is removed from office or is transferred to another position or location within an establishment, the President shall communicate in writing the reasons for any such removal or transfer to both Houses of Congress, not later than 30 days before the removal or transfer" (5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(b)).
b. Under the provisions of 5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(e), "The annual rate of basic pay for an inspector general (as defined under section 12(3)) shall be the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, plus 3 percent."
c. The chief financial officer (CFO) may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). Criscitello was confirmed as HUD's CFO.
Nominee |
Position |
Nominated |
Confirmed |
Days to confirm |
Shaun L. S. Donovan |
Secretary |
01/20/09 |
01/22/09 |
2 |
Ronald C. Sims |
Deputy Secy. |
03/04/09 |
05/06/09 |
63 |
Peter A. Kovar |
Asst. Secy. – Congressional and Intergovernmental Relations |
03/25/09 |
05/01/09 |
37 |
John D. Trasviña |
Asst. Secy. – Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity |
04/20/09 |
05/01/09 |
11 |
Helen R. Kanovsky |
General Counsel |
04/20/09 |
05/01/09 |
11 |
Sandra B. Henriquez |
Asst. Secy. – Public and Indian Housing |
04/20/09 |
05/21/09 |
31 |
Raphael W. Bostic |
Asst. Secy. – Policy Development and Research |
04/20/09 |
07/10/09 |
81 |
David H. Stevens |
Asst. Secy. – Housing/Federal Housing Administration Commissioner |
04/20/09 |
07/10/09 |
81 |
Mercedes M. Márquez |
Asst. Secy. – Community Planning and Development |
05/04/09 |
06/25/09 |
52 |
Steven L. Jacques |
Asst. Secy. – Public Affairs |
09/29/09 |
Withdrawn 05/07/10 |
|
Douglas A. Criscitello |
Chief Financial Officer |
11/10/09 |
02/11/10 |
93 |
Theodore W. Tozer |
Pres. – Government National Mortgage Association |
12/21/09 |
02/11/10 |
52 |
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination |
46.7 |
|||
Median number of days to confirm a nomination |
52.0 |
Position |
Incumbent |
Pay level |
Secretary |
Kenneth L. Salazar |
I |
Deputy Secretary |
David J. Hayes |
II |
Special Trustee for American Indians |
Donna M. Erwin (A) |
|
Inspector Generalb |
Mary L. Kendall (A) |
III + 3%c |
Assistant Secretary – Fish and Wildlife and Parks |
Thomas L. Strickland |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Indian Affairs |
Larry J. Echo Hawk |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Insular Affairs |
Anthony M. Babauta |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Land and Minerals Management |
Wilma A. Lewis |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Policy, Management and Budget/Chief Financial Officer |
Rhea S. Suh |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Water and Science |
Anne J. Castle |
IV |
Chair – National Indian Gaming Commission |
Tracie Stevens |
IV |
Solicitor |
Hilary C. Tompkins |
IV |
Director – National Park Service |
Jonathan B. Jarvis |
V |
Director – Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement |
Joseph G. Pizarchik |
V |
Commissioner – Bureau of Reclamation |
Michael L. Connor |
V |
Director – Bureau of Land Management |
Robert V. Abbey |
V |
Director – U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |
Rowan W. Gould (A) |
V |
Director – U.S. Geological Survey |
Marcia K. McNutt |
V |
Commissioner – Indian Affairs |
Vacant (since 1981) |
V |
a. The Special Trustee is to be paid "at a rate determined by the Secretary to be appropriate for the position, but not less than the rate of basic pay payable at Level II of the Executive Schedule ... " (25 U.S.C. §4042(b)(2)).
b. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in the departments. In the case of an IG, however, the law provides that "[i]f an Inspector General is removed from office or is transferred to another position or location within an establishment, the President shall communicate in writing the reasons for any such removal or transfer to both Houses of Congress, not later than 30 days before the removal or transfer" (5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(b)).
c. Under the provisions of 5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(e), "The annual rate of basic pay for an inspector general (as defined under section 12(3)) shall be the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, plus 3 percent."
Nominee |
Position |
Nominated |
Confirmed |
Days to confirm |
Kenneth L. Salazar |
Secretary |
01/20/09 |
01/20/09 |
0 |
David J. Hayes |
Deputy Secy. |
02/27/09 |
05/20/09 |
82 |
Thomas L. Strickland |
Asst. Secy. – Fish and Wildlife and Parks |
03/12/09 |
04/30/09 |
49 |
Hilary C. Tompkins |
Solicitor |
03/31/09 |
06/17/09 |
78 |
Rhea S. Suh |
Asst. Secy. – Policy, Management and Budget/Chief Financial Officer |
04/20/09 |
05/18/09 |
28 |
Michael L. Connor |
Comm. – Bureau of Reclamation |
04/20/09 |
05/21/09 |
31 |
Larry J. Echo Hawk |
Asst. Secy. – Indian Affairs |
04/20/09 |
05/19/09 |
29 |
Anne J. Castle |
Asst. Secy. – Water and Science |
04/27/09 |
06/19/09 |
53 |
Wilma A. Lewis |
Asst. Secy. – Land and Minerals Management |
05/06/09 |
08/07/09 |
93 |
Robert V. Abbey |
Dir. – Bureau of Land Management |
06/10/09 |
08/07/09 |
58 |
Anthony M. Babauta |
Asst. Secy. – Insular Affairs |
07/06/09 |
09/10/09 |
66 |
Samuel D. Hamilton |
Dir. – U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |
07/06/09 |
07/31/09 |
25 |
Jonathan B. Jarvis |
Dir. – National Park Service |
07/13/09 |
09/24/09 |
73 |
Joseph G. Pizarchik |
Dir. – Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement |
07/16/09 |
11/06/09 |
113 |
Marcia K. McNutt |
Dir. – U.S. Geological Survey |
08/04/09 |
10/21/09 |
78 |
Daniel M. Ashe |
Dir. – U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |
12/06/10 |
Returned 12/22/10a |
|
Tracie Stevens |
Chair – National Indian Gaming Commission |
04/29/10 |
06/22/10 |
54 |
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination |
56.9 |
|||
Median number of days to confirm a nomination |
56.0 |
Positiona |
Incumbent |
Pay level |
Attorney General |
Eric H. Holder Jr. |
I |
Deputy Attorney General |
James M. Cole |
II |
Inspector Generalb |
Glenn A. Fine |
III + 3%c |
Director – Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosivesd |
Kenneth E. Melson (A) |
III |
Director – Federal Bureau of Investigatione |
Robert S. Mueller III |
II |
Administrator – Drug Enforcement |
Michele M. Leonhart (A)f |
III |
Associate Attorney General |
Thomas J. Perrelli |
III |
Solicitor General |
Neal Katyal (A) |
III |
Assistant Attorney General – Antitrust Division |
Christine A. Varney |
IV |
Assistant Attorney General – Civil Division |
Tony West |
IV |
Assistant Attorney General – Civil Rights Division |
Thomas E. Perez |
IV |
Assistant Attorney General – Criminal Division |
Lanny A. Breuer |
IV |
Assistant Attorney General – Environment and Natural Resources Division |
Ignacia S. Moreno |
IV |
Assistant Attorney General – Legislative Affairs |
Ronald H. Weich |
IV |
Assistant Attorney General – National Security Division |
David S. Kris |
IV |
Assistant Attorney General – Office of Justice Programs |
Laurie O. Robinson |
IV |
Assistant Attorney General – Office of Legal Counsel |
Jonathan G. Cedarbaum (A) |
IV |
Assistant Attorney General – Office of Legal Policy |
Christopher H. Schroeder |
IV |
Assistant Attorney General – Tax Division |
John A. DiCicco (A) |
IV |
Administrator – Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention |
Jeffrey W. Slowikowski (A) |
IV |
Deputy Administrator – Drug Enforcement Administration |
Michele M. Leonhart |
IV |
Director – Bureau of Justice Assistance |
James H. Burch II (A) |
IV |
Director – Bureau of Justice Statistics |
James P. Lynch |
IV |
Director – Community Relations Serviceg |
Becky Monroe (A) |
IV |
Director – National Institute of Justice |
John H. Laub |
IV |
Director – Office for Victims of Crime |
Joye E. Frost (A) |
IV |
Director – U.S. Marshals Service |
Stacia A. Hylton |
IV |
Special Counsel – Immigration-Related Unfair Employment Practicesh |
Vacant |
|
Director – Violence Against Women Office |
Susan B. Carbon |
V |
a. Positions in this column do not include the U.S. attorney and U.S. marshal positions. The position of chief financial officer (CFO) is also not listed here. Although the Department of Justice is included in the statute that provides presidentially appointed and Senate-confirmed CFOs for all of the major executive branch agencies (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)), this provision is superseded by 28 U.S.C. §507, which provides that the Assistant Attorney General for Administration, appointed by the Attorney General with the approval of the President, shall be the CFO for the Department of Justice.
b. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in the departments. In the case of an IG, however, the law provides that "[i]f an Inspector General is removed from office or is transferred to another position or location within an establishment, the President shall communicate in writing the reasons for any such removal or transfer to both Houses of Congress, not later than 30 days before the removal or transfer" (5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(b)).
c. Under the provisions of 5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(e), "The annual rate of basic pay for an inspector general (as defined under section 12(3)) shall be the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, plus 3 percent."
d. Beginning in 2006, the position of Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives was to be filled through appointments by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate (P.L. 109-177, Title V §504 (120 Stat. 247), enacted March 9, 2006). As of the end of the 111th Congress, the position had not been filled through this manner but did have an Acting Director, as noted in the table.
e. This position has a 10-year term. See 28 U.S.C. §532 note.
f. Leonhardt was confirmed on December 22, 2010 and was sworn in on December 30, 2010, after the end of the 111th Congress.
g. This position has a four-year term. See 42 U.S.C. §2000g.
h. This position has a four-year term. See 8 U.S.C. §1324b(c)(1).
i. "The Special Counsel for Immigration-Related Unfair Employment Practices is entitled to receive compensation at a rate not to exceed the rate now or hereafter provided for grade GS-17 of the General Schedule," under 8 U.S.C. §1324b(c)(3).
Nominee |
Position |
Nominated |
Confirmed |
Days to confirm |
|
Eric H. Holder Jr. |
Attorney General |
01/20/09 |
02/02/09 |
13 |
|
Elena Kagan |
Solicitor General |
01/26/09 |
03/19/09 |
52 |
|
David W. Ogden |
Deputy Atty. General |
01/26/09 |
03/12/09 |
45 |
|
Thomas J. Perrelli |
Associate Atty. General |
01/30/09 |
03/12/09 |
41 |
|
David S. Kris |
Asst. Atty. General – National Security Division |
02/11/09 |
03/25/09 |
42 |
|
Dawn E. Johnsen |
Asst. Atty. General – Office of Legal Counsel |
02/11/09 |
Returned 12/24/09a |
||
Lanny A. Breuer |
Asst. Atty. General – Criminal Division |
02/23/09 |
04/20/09 |
56 |
|
Christine A. Varney |
Asst. Atty. General – Antitrust Division |
02/23/09 |
04/20/09 |
56 |
|
Tony West |
Asst. Atty. General – Civil Division |
02/25/09 |
04/20/09 |
54 |
|
Ronald H. Weich |
Asst. Atty. General – Legislative Affairs |
03/18/09 |
04/29/09 |
42 |
|
Thomas E. Perez |
Asst. Atty. General – Civil Rights Division |
03/31/09 |
10/06/09 |
189 |
|
Mary L. Smith |
Asst. Atty. General – Tax Division |
04/20/09 |
Returned 12/24/09a |
||
Christopher H. Schroeder |
Asst. Atty. General – Office of Legal Policy |
06/04/09 |
Returned 12/24/09a |
||
Ignacia S. Moreno |
Asst. Atty. General – Environment and Natural Resources Division |
06/08/09 |
11/05/09 |
150 |
|
Laurie O. Robinson |
Asst. Atty. General – Office of Justice Programs |
09/14/09 |
11/05/09 |
52 |
|
Stacia A. Hylton |
Dir. – U.S. Marshals Service |
09/20/10 |
12/22/10 |
93 |
|
Susan B. Carbon |
Dir. – Violence Against Women Office |
10/05/09 |
02/11/10 |
129 |
|
John H. Laub |
Dir. – National Institute of Justice |
10/05/09 |
06/22/10 |
260 |
|
James P. Lynch |
Dir. – Bureau of Justice Statistics |
10/29/09 |
06/22/10 |
236 |
|
Beatrice A. Hanson |
Dir. – Office for Victims of Crime |
12/23/09 |
Withdrawn 12/20/10 |
||
Mary L. Smith |
Asst. Atty. General – Tax Division |
01/20/10 |
Returned 08/05/10b |
||
Christopher H. Schroeder |
Asst. Atty. General – Office of Legal Policy |
01/20/10 |
04/21/10 |
91 |
|
Dawn E. Johnsen |
Asst. Atty. General – Office of Legal Counsel |
01/20/10 |
Withdrawn 04/12/10 |
||
Michele M. Leonhart |
Deputy Admin. – Drug Enforcement Administration |
02/02/10 |
12/22/10 |
323 |
|
James M. Cole |
Deputy Atty. General |
05/24/10 |
Returned 12/22/10c |
||
Andrew L. Traver |
Dir. – Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives |
11/17/10 |
Returned 12/22/10c |
||
Denise E. O'Donnell |
Dir. – Bureau of Justice Assistance |
12/13/10 |
Returned 12/22/10c |
||
James M. Cole |
Deputy Atty. General |
Recess appointment 12/29/10d |
|||
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination |
106.9 |
||||
Median number of days to confirm a nomination |
56.0 |
a. Returned to the President at the end of the first session of the 111th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
b. Returned to the President at the beginning of a Senate recess of more than 30 days under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
c. Returned to the President at the end of the 111th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
d. Cole's recess appointment expired at the end of the first session of the 112th Congress.
Position |
Incumbent |
Pay level |
Secretary |
Hilda L. Solis |
I |
Deputy Secretary |
Seth D. Harris |
II |
Inspector Generala |
Daniel Petrole (A) |
III + 3%b |
Assistant Secretary – Administration and Management |
T. Michael Kerr |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs |
Brian V. Kennedy |
IV |
Kathleen Martinez |
IV |
|
Assistant Secretary – Employee Benefits Security Administration |
Phyllis C. Borzi |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Employment and Training Administration |
Jane Oates |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Mine Safety and Health Administration |
Joseph A. Main |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
David M. Michaels |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Policy |
William E. Spriggs |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Public Affairs |
Vacant |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Veterans' Employment and Training Service |
Raymond M. Jefferson |
IV |
Chief Financial Officerc |
James L. Taylor |
IV |
Commissioner – Bureau of Labor Statisticsd |
Keith D. Hall |
IV |
Solicitor |
M. Patricia Smith |
IV |
Administrator – Wage and Hour Division |
Vacant |
V |
Director – Women's Bureaue |
Sara Manzano-Díaz |
a. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in the departments. In the case of an IG, however, the law provides that "[i]f an Inspector General is removed from office or is transferred to another position or location within an establishment, the President shall communicate in writing the reasons for any such removal or transfer to both Houses of Congress, not later than 30 days before the removal or transfer" (5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(b)).
b. Under the provisions of 5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(e), "The annual rate of basic pay for an inspector general (as defined under section 12(3)) shall be the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, plus 3 percent."
c. The chief financial officer (CFO) may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). Taylor was confirmed as DOL's CFO.
d. This position has a four-year term (29 U.S.C. §3).
e. By statute, the incumbent must be a woman (29 U.S.C. §12).
f. According to the 2012 edition of the Plum Book, the Director of the Women's Bureau was a Senior Level position (p. 99). With regard to pay for such positions, the Plum Book states, "The minimum pay for SL [Senior Level] positions is 120 percent of the rate of basic pay for GS-15, step 1. For agencies without a certified performance appraisal system, SL members' pay may not exceed the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule. For agencies with a certified performance appraisal system, SL members' pay may not exceed the rate payable for level II of the Executive Schedule. SL members are not entitled to locality-based comparability payments" (p. 204). The Department of Labor received certification from the Office of Personnel Management for its performance appraisal system during the period covered by this report. See also 5 U.S.C. §5376 and 5 U.S.C. §5304(g)(2).
Nominee |
Position |
Nominated |
Confirmed |
Days to confirm |
|
Hilda L. Solis |
Secretary |
01/20/09 |
02/24/09 |
35 |
|
Seth D. Harris |
Deputy Secy. |
03/03/09 |
05/21/09 |
79 |
|
Brian V. Kennedy |
Asst. Secy. – Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs |
03/19/09 |
05/01/09 |
43 |
|
T. Michael Kerr |
Asst. Secy. – Administration and Management |
03/26/09 |
05/01/09 |
36 |
|
M. Patricia Smith |
Solicitor |
04/20/09 |
02/04/10 |
290 |
|
Kathleen Martinez |
Asst. Secy. – Disability Employment Policy |
04/20/09 |
06/25/09 |
66 |
|
Phyllis C. Borzi |
Asst. Secy. – Employee Benefits Security Administration |
04/27/09 |
07/10/09 |
74 |
|
Jane Oates |
Asst. Secy. – Employment and Training Administration |
05/06/09 |
06/19/09 |
44 |
|
Lorelei Boylan |
Admin. – Wage and Hour Division |
05/11/09 |
Withdrawn 10/13/09 |
||
Raymond M. Jefferson |
Asst. Secy. – Veterans' Employment and Training Service |
06/03/09 |
08/07/09 |
35 |
|
William E. Spriggs |
Asst. Secy. – Policy |
06/09/09 |
10/21/09 |
79 |
|
Joseph A. Main |
Asst. Secy. – Mine Safety and Health Administration |
07/06/09 |
10/21/09 |
43 |
|
David M. Michaels |
Asst. Secy. – Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
08/05/09 |
12/03/09 |
36 |
|
Sara Manzano-Díaz |
Dir. – Women's Bureau |
10/01/09 |
02/11/10 |
290 |
|
James L. Taylor |
Chief Financial Officer |
03/03/10 |
06/22/10 |
66 |
|
Paul M. Tiao |
Inspector General |
05/27/10 |
Returned 12/22/10a |
||
Leon Rodriguez |
Admin. – Wage and Hour Division |
12/03/10 |
Returned 12/22/10a |
||
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination |
95.5 |
||||
Median number of days to confirm a nomination |
76.5 |
Positiona |
Incumbent |
Pay level |
Secretary |
Hillary R. Clinton |
I |
Deputy Secretary |
James B. Steinberg |
II |
Deputy Secretary – Management and Resourcesb |
Thomas R. Nides |
II |
Inspector Generalc |
Harold W. Geisel (A) |
III + 3%d |
Under Secretary – Arms Control and International Security |
Ellen O. Tauscher |
III |
Under Secretary – Economic Growth, Energy, and Agricultural Affairs |
Robert D. Hormats |
III |
Under Secretary – Democracy and Global Affairs |
María Otero |
III |
Under Secretary – Management |
Patrick F. Kennedy |
III |
Under Secretary – Political Affairs |
William J. Burns |
III |
Under Secretary – Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs |
Judith A. McHale |
III |
Ambassador-at-Large – Global Women's Issuese |
Melanne Verveer |
IV |
Ambassador-at-Large – International Religious Freedom |
Vacant |
IV |
Ambassador-at-Large/Director – Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons |
Luis CdeBaca/Luis C. de Bacaf |
IV |
Ambassador-at-Large – War Crimes Issues |
Stephen J. Rapp |
IV |
Ambassador-at-Large/Coordinator – Counterterrorism |
Daniel S. Benjamin |
IV |
Coordinator – U.S. Global AIDS |
Eric Goosby |
IV |
Chief of Protocol |
Capricia P. Marshall |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Administration |
Vacant |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – African Affairs |
Johnnie Carson |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Arms Control, Verification and Compliance |
Rose E. Gottemoeller |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Consular Affairs |
Janice L. Jacobs |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor |
Michael H. Posner |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Diplomatic Security/Director – Office of Foreign Missiong |
Eric J. Boswell |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – East Asian and Pacific Affairs |
Kurt M. Campbell |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Economic, Energy, and Business Affairs |
Jose W. Fernandez |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Educational and Cultural Affairs |
J. Ann S. Stock |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – European and Eurasian Affairs |
Philip H. Gordon |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Intelligence and Research |
Philip S. Goldberg |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs |
William R. Brownfield |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – International Organizations Affairs |
Esther Brimmer |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – International Security and Nonproliferation |
Vann H. Van Diepen (A) |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Legislative Affairs |
Richard R. Verma |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Near Eastern Affairs |
Jeffrey D. Feltman |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs |
Kerri-Ann Jones |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Political-Military Affairs |
Andrew J. Shapiro |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Population, Refugees, and Migration |
Eric P. Schwartz |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Public Affairs |
Philip J. Crowley |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Resource Management/Chief Financial Officerh |
Vacant |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – South and Central Asian Affairs |
Robert O. Blake Jr. |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Western Hemisphere Affairs |
Arturo A. Valenzuela |
IV |
Director General – Foreign Servicei |
Nancy J. Powell |
IV |
Legal Adviser |
Harold H. Koh |
IV |
International Organizations |
||
U.S. Representative – United Nations (U.N.) |
Susan E. Rice |
II |
U.S. Representative – Organization of American States |
Carmen Lomellin |
|
U.S. Deputy Representative – U.N. |
Rosemary A. DiCarlo |
|
U.S. Representative – Economic and Social Council – U.N. |
Frederick D. Barton |
|
U.S. Representative – Management and Reform – U.N. |
Joseph H. Melrose (A) |
|
U.S. Alternate Representative – Special Political Affairs – U.N. |
Brooke D. Anderson |
a. The positions in this column do not include chiefs of mission in overseas posts or Foreign Service officers. In addition, certain officers of the State Department may be required to have certain qualifications. See 22 U.S.C. §2651a(g).
b. The position of Deputy Secretary for Management and Resources in the Department of State was established by P.L. 106-553, §404(a) (114 Stat. 2762A-96), enacted December 21, 2000. It was filled for the first time in the 111th Congress.
c. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in the departments. In the case of an IG, however, the law provides that "[i]f an Inspector General is removed from office or is transferred to another position or location within an establishment, the President shall communicate in writing the reasons for any such removal or transfer to both Houses of Congress, not later than 30 days before the removal or transfer" (5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(b)).
d. Under the provisions of 5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(e), "The annual rate of basic pay for an inspector general (as defined under section 12(3)) shall be the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, plus 3 percent."
e. President Obama announced the creation of this position on March 6, 2009.
f. Luis CdeBaca's name is listed as Luis C. de Baca in the Senate nominations database of the Legislative Information System (LIS).
g. From 1998 through the Boswell confirmation, each time an individual has been nominated to and confirmed for the position of Assistant Secretary for Diplomatic Security, the individual has simultaneously been nominated to and confirmed for the position of Director of Foreign Missions.
h. The chief financial officer (CFO) may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). With regard to State Department appointments, since 2001 through the 110th Congress, the same individual had been separately and simultaneously nominated for, and confirmed to, the positions of CFO and Assistant Secretary for Resource Management.
i. By law, incumbent must be a current or former career member of the Foreign Service (22 U.S.C. §3928).
j. The salary for the U.S. Representative to the Organization of the American States is linked to the pay for chiefs of mission.
k. The salaries for these positions within the U.N. are administratively determined.
Nominee |
Position |
Nominated |
Confirmed |
Days to confirm |
Hillary R. Clinton |
Secretary |
01/20/09 |
01/21/09 |
1 |
Susan E. Rice |
U.S. Rep. – U.N. |
01/20/09 |
01/22/09 |
2 |
Jacob J. Lew |
Deputy Secy. – Management and Resources |
01/20/09 |
01/28/09 |
8 |
James B. Steinberg |
Deputy Secy. |
01/20/09 |
01/28/09 |
8 |
Richard R. Verma |
Asst. Secy. – Legislative Affairs |
03/11/09 |
04/03/09 |
23 |
Esther Brimmer |
Asst. Secy. – International Organizations Affairs |
03/11/09 |
04/03/09 |
23 |
Philip H. Gordon |
Asst. Secy. – European and Eurasian Affairs |
03/11/09 |
05/14/09 |
64 |
Melanne Verveer |
Amb.-at-Large – Global Women's Issues |
03/11/09 |
04/03/09 |
23 |
Rose E. Gottemoeller |
Asst. Secy. – Arms Control, Verification and Compliance |
03/17/09 |
04/03/09 |
17 |
Harold H. Koh |
Legal Adviser |
03/23/09 |
06/25/09 |
94 |
Johnnie Carson |
Asst. Secy. – African Affairs |
03/23/09 |
05/06/09 |
44 |
Luis CdeBaca/Luis C. de Bacaa |
Amb.-at-Large/Dir. – Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons |
03/26/09 |
05/06/09 |
41 |
Judith A. McHale |
Under Secy. – Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs |
04/20/09 |
05/21/09 |
31 |
Jeffrey D. Feltman |
Asst. Secy. – Near Eastern Affairs |
04/20/09 |
08/07/09 |
109 |
Philip J. Crowley |
Asst. Secy. – Public Affairs |
04/20/09 |
05/21/09 |
31 |
Kurt M. Campbell |
Asst. Secy. – East Asian and Pacific Affairs |
04/27/09 |
06/25/09 |
59 |
Daniel S. Benjamin |
Amb.-at-Large/Coordinator – Counterterrorism |
04/27/09 |
05/21/09 |
24 |
Robert O. Blake Jr. |
Asst. Secy. – South and Central Asian Affairs |
04/27/09 |
05/21/09 |
24 |
Eric Goosby |
Coordinator – U.S. Global AIDS |
04/29/09 |
06/19/09 |
51 |
Eric P. Schwartz |
Asst. Secy. – Population, Refugees, and Migration |
05/06/09 |
06/19/09 |
44 |
Andrew J. Shapiro |
Asst. Secy. – Political-Military Affairs |
05/06/09 |
06/19/09 |
44 |
Ellen O. Tauscher |
Under Secy. – Arms Control and International Security |
05/06/09 |
06/25/09 |
50 |
Capricia P. Marshall |
Chief of Protocol |
05/14/09 |
07/31/09 |
78 |
Nancy J. Powell |
Dir. Gen. – Foreign Service |
05/21/09 |
07/31/09 |
71 |
Arturo A. Valenzuela |
Asst. Secy. – Western Hemisphere Affairs |
06/08/09 |
11/05/09 |
150 |
María Otero |
Under Secy. – Democracy and Global Affairs |
06/09/09 |
08/07/09 |
59 |
Kerri-Ann Jones |
Asst. Secy. – Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs |
06/25/09 |
08/07/09 |
43 |
Michael H. Posner |
Asst. Secy. – Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor |
07/07/09 |
9/22/09 |
77 |
Stephen J. Rapp |
Amb.-at-Large – War Crimes Issues |
07/07/09 |
08/04/09 |
28 |
Robert D. Hormats |
Under Secy. – Economic, Energy, and Agricultural Affairsb |
07/20/09 |
09/22/09 |
64 |
Jose W. Fernandez |
Asst. Secy. – Economic, Energy, and Business Affairs |
08/06/09 |
11/20/09 |
106 |
Frederick D. Barton |
U.S. Rep. – Economic and Social Council – U.N. |
09/15/09 |
11/20/09 |
66 |
Carmen Lomellin |
U.S. Rep. – Organization of American States |
09/15/09 |
11/20/09 |
66 |
Jide J. Zeitlin |
U.S. Rep. – Management and Reform – U.N. |
09/24/09 |
Withdrawn 01/21/10 |
|
Philip S. Goldberg |
Asst. Secy. – Intelligence and Research |
10/26/09 |
02/09/10 |
106 |
Brooke D. Anderson |
U.S. Alt. Rep. – Special Political Affairs – U.N. |
12/03/09 |
03/10/10 |
97 |
Rosemary A. DiCarlo |
U.S. Deputy Rep. – U.N. |
12/03/09 |
03/10/10 |
97 |
J. Ann S. Stock |
Asst. Secy. – Educational and Cultural Affairs |
12/04/09 |
06/22/10 |
200 |
Suzan D. J. Cook |
Amb.-at-Large – International Religious Freedom |
06/16/10 |
Returned 12/22/10c |
|
William R. Brownfield |
Asst. Secy. – International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs |
09/23/10 |
12/22/10 |
90 |
Thomas R. Nides |
Deputy Secy. – Management and Resources |
09/29/10 |
12/22/10 |
84 |
Joseph M. Torsella |
U.S. Rep. – Management and Reform – U.N. |
11/17/10 |
Returned 12/22/10c |
|
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination |
58.9 |
|||
Median number of days to confirm a nomination |
51.0 |
a. Luis CdeBaca's name is listed as Luis C. de Baca in the Senate nominations database of the Legislative Information System (LIS).
b. On December 8, 2011, the State Department announced that the Office of the Under Secretary for Economic, Energy, and Agricultural Affairs would be renamed the Office of the Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and Agricultural Affairs.
c. Returned to the President at the end of the 111th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
Position |
Incumbent |
Pay level |
Secretary |
Ray LaHood |
I |
Deputy Secretary |
John D. Porcari |
II |
Under Secretary – Policy |
Roy W. Kienitz |
II |
Administrator – Federal Aviation Administrationa |
J. Randolph Babbitt |
II |
Administrator – Federal Highway Administration |
Victor M. Mendez |
II |
Inspector Generalb |
Calvin Scovel |
III + 3%c |
Administrator – Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration |
Anne S. Ferro |
III |
Administrator – Federal Railroad Administration |
Joseph C. Szabo |
III |
Administrator – Federal Transit Administration |
Peter M. Rogoff |
III |
Administrator – Maritime Administration |
David T. Matsuda |
III |
Administrator – National Highway Traffic Safety Administration |
David L. Strickland |
III |
Administrator – Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration |
Cynthia L. Quarterman |
III |
Administrator – Research and Innovative Technology Administration |
Peter H. Appel |
III |
Administrator – Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporationd |
Collister Johnson Jr. |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Aviation and International Affairs |
Susan L. Kurland |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Budget and Programs/Chief Financial Officere |
Christopher P. Bertram |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Governmental Affairs |
Dana G. Gresham |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Transportation Policy |
Polly Trottenberg |
IV |
Deputy Administrator – Federal Aviation Administrationf |
Michael P. Huerta |
IV |
General Counsel |
Robert S. Rivkin |
IV |
a. This position has a five-year term and specified qualifications. See 49 U.S.C. §106.
b. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in the departments. In the case of an IG, however, the law provides that "[i]f an Inspector General is removed from office or is transferred to another position or location within an establishment, the President shall communicate in writing the reasons for any such removal or transfer to both Houses of Congress, not later than 30 days before the removal or transfer" (5 U.S.C. Appx. §3 (b)).
c. Under the provisions of 5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(e), "The annual rate of basic pay for an inspector general (as defined under section 12(3)) shall be the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, plus 3 percent."
d. This position has a seven-year term. See 33 U.S.C. §982(a).
e. The chief financial officer (CFO) may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). Bertram was confirmed as Assistant Secretary for Budget and Programs and designated to serve as CFO.
f. This position has specified qualifications. See 49 U.S.C. §106.
Nominee |
Position |
Nominated |
Confirmed |
Days to confirm |
|
Ray LaHood |
Secretary |
01/20/09 |
01/22/09 |
2 |
|
Dana G. Gresham |
Asst. Secy. – Governmental Affairs |
03/10/09 |
04/29/09 |
50 |
|
Roy W. Kienitz |
Under Secy. – Policy |
03/16/09 |
04/29/09 |
44 |
|
Joseph C. Szabo |
Admin. – Federal Railroad Administration |
03/26/09 |
04/29/09 |
34 |
|
Peter H. Appel |
Admin. – Research and Innovative Technology |
04/20/09 |
04/29/09 |
9 |
|
Robert S. Rivkin |
General Counsel |
04/20/09 |
04/29/09 |
9 |
|
Victor M. Mendez |
Admin. – Federal Highway Administration |
04/23/09 |
07/10/09 |
78 |
|
John D. Porcari |
Deputy Secy. |
04/27/09 |
05/21/09 |
24 |
|
Peter M. Rogoff |
Admin. – Federal Transit Administration |
04/29/09 |
05/21/09 |
22 |
|
J. Randolph Babbitt |
Admin. – Federal Aviation Administration |
05/11/09 |
05/21/09 |
10 |
|
Polly Trottenberg |
Asst. Secy. – Transportation Policy |
06/08/09 |
07/24/09 |
46 |
|
Susan L. Kurland |
Asst. Secy. – Aviation and International Affairs |
07/07/09 |
08/07/09 |
31 |
|
Christopher P. Bertram |
Asst. Secy. – Budget and Programs/Chief Financial Officer |
07/09/09 |
08/07/09 |
29 |
|
Anne S. Ferro |
Admin. – Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration |
07/16/09 |
11/05/09 |
112 |
|
Cynthia L. Quarterman |
Admin. – Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration |
09/15/09 |
11/05/09 |
51 |
|
David L. Strickland |
Admin. – National Highway Traffic Safety Administration |
12/04/09 |
12/24/09 |
20 |
|
Michael P. Huerta |
Deputy Admin. – Federal Aviation Administration |
12/08/09 |
06/23/10 |
197 |
|
David T. Matsuda |
Admin. – Maritime Administration |
12/17/09 |
06/22/10 |
187 |
|
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination |
53.1 |
||||
Median number of days to confirm a nomination |
32.5 |
Position |
Incumbent |
Pay level |
||
Secretary |
Timothy F. Geithner |
I |
||
Deputy Secretary |
Neal S. Wolin |
II |
||
Inspector Generala |
Eric M. Thorson |
III + 3%b |
||
Inspector General – Tax Administrationa |
J. Russell George |
III + 3%b |
||
Special Inspector General – Troubled Asset Relief Programa |
Neil M. Barofsky |
III + 3%b |
||
Commissioner of Internal Revenuec |
Douglas H. Shulman |
III |
||
Comptroller of the Currencyd |
John G. Walsh (A) |
III |
||
Director – Office of Thrift Supervisione |
John E. Bowman (A) |
III |
||
Under Secretary – Domestic Finance |
Jeffrey A. Goldstein |
III |
||
Under Secretary – Terrorism and Financial Intelligencef |
Stuart A. Levey |
III |
||
Under Secretary – International Affairs |
Lael Brainard |
III |
||
Assistant Secretary – Economic Policy |
Vacant |
IV |
||
Assistant Secretary – Financial Institutions |
Vacant |
IV |
||
Assistant Secretary – Financial Markets |
Mary J. Miller |
IV |
||
Assistant Secretary – Financial Stability |
Timothy Massad (A) |
IV |
||
Assistant Secretary – Intelligence and Analysis |
S. Leslie Ireland |
IV |
||
Assistant Secretary – International Financeg |
Charles Collyns |
IV |
||
Assistant Secretary – International Markets and Development |
Marisa Lago |
IV |
||
Assistant Secretary – Legislative Affairsg |
Kim N. Wallace |
IV |
||
Assistant Secretary – Management/Chief Financial Officerh |
Daniel M. Tangherlini |
IV |
||
Assistant Secretary – Public Affairs |
Vacant |
IV |
||
Assistant Secretary – Tax Policy |
Michael F. Mundaca |
IV |
||
Assistant Secretary – Terrorist Financing |
David S. Cohen |
IV |
||
General Counsel |
George W. Madison |
IV |
||
Chief Counsel – Internal Revenue Service/Assistant General Counsel for Tax |
William J. Wilkins |
V |
||
Director of the Minti |
Edmund C. Moy |
SLj |
||
Treasurer of the United States |
Rosa G. Rios |
SLj |
a. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in the departments. In the case of an IG, however, the law provides that "[i]f an Inspector General is removed from office or is transferred to another position or location within an establishment, the President shall communicate in writing the reasons for any such removal or transfer to both Houses of Congress, not later than 30 days before the removal or transfer" (5 U.S.C. Appx. §3 (b)). The position of Special Inspector General has the same removal provisions as other inspectors general.
b. Under the provisions of 5 U.S.C. Appx. §3 (e), "The annual rate of basic pay for an inspector general (as defined under section 12(3)) shall be the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, plus 3 percent."
c. This position has a five-year term and specified qualifications (26 U.S.C. §7803(a)(1)).
d. This position has a five-year term and a limitation on the President's removal power (12 U.S.C. §2).
e. This position had a five-year term and specified qualifications. See 12 U.S.C. §1462a(c). The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protect Act (P.L. 111-203), which was enacted during the 111th Congress, provided for the abolishment of the Office of Thrift Supervision and this position. This provision did not take effect until after the end of the 111th Congress, however.
f. The position of Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes (called Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence) was established by P.L. 108-447, Division H, Title II, §222 (118 Stat. 3242). The Under Secretary was the successor office to the Office of Enforcement, and the incumbent in that office, Stuart A. Levey, continued to serve.
g. The U.S. Code provides that the department has two deputy under secretaries appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. "When appointing each Deputy Under Secretary, the President may designate the Deputy Under Secretary as an Assistant Secretary" (31 U.S.C. §301(d)). In each of these two cases, the President did so.
h. The chief financial officer (CFO) may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). Tangherlini was confirmed as Assistant Secretary for Management and also confirmed as CFO.
i. The position has a five-year term and a limitation on the President's removal power. See 31 U.S.C. §304(b).
j. According to the 2012 edition of the Plum Book, the Director of the United States Mint and the Treasurer of the United States were both Senior Level positions (p. 126). With regard to pay for such positions, the Plum Book states, "The minimum pay for SL [Senior Level] positions is 120 percent of the rate of basic pay for GS-15, step1. For agencies without a certified performance appraisal system, SL members' pay may not exceed the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule. For agencies with a certified performance appraisal system, SL members' pay may not exceed the rate payable for level II of the Executive Schedule. SL members are not entitled to locality-based comparability payments" (p. 204).The Department of the Treasury received certification from the Office of Personnel Management for its performance appraisal system during the period covered by this report. See also 5 U.S.C. §5376 and 5 U.S.C. §5304(g)(2).
Nominee |
Position |
Nominated |
Confirmed |
Days to confirm |
Timothy F. Geithner |
Secretary |
01/20/09 |
01/26/09 |
6 |
David S. Cohen |
Asst. Secy. – Terrorist Financing |
03/10/09 |
05/01/09 |
52 |
Alan B. Krueger |
Asst. Secy. – Economic Policy |
03/10/09 |
05/06/09 |
57 |
Kim N. Wallace |
Asst. Secy. – Legislative Affairs |
03/16/09 |
07/24/09 |
130 |
Lael Brainard |
Under Secy. – International Affairs |
03/23/09 |
04/20/10 |
393 |
George W. Madison |
General Counsel |
04/20/09 |
09/08/09 |
141 |
Neal S. Wolin |
Deputy Secy. |
04/20/09 |
05/18/09 |
28 |
Michael S. Barr |
Asst. Secy. – Financial Institutions |
05/01/09 |
05/21/09 |
20 |
Herbert M. Allison Jr. |
Asst. Secy. – Financial Stability |
05/01/09 |
06/19/09 |
49 |
William J. Wilkins |
Chief Counsel – Internal Revenue Service/Asst. General Counsel for Tax |
05/12/09 |
07/24/09 |
73 |
Rosa G. Rios |
Treasurer of the United States |
05/18/09 |
07/24/09 |
67 |
Daniel M. Tangherlini |
Asst. Secy. – Management |
06/03/09 |
07/24/09 |
51 |
Daniel M. Tangherlini |
Chief Financial Officer |
06/03/09 |
07/24/09 |
51 |
Jeffrey A. Goldstein |
Under Secy. – Domestic Finance |
07/22/09 |
Returned 08/05/10a |
|
Marisa Lago |
Asst. Secy. – International Markets and Development |
09/25/09 |
02/11/10 |
139 |
Charles Collyns |
Asst. Secy. – International Finance |
10/05/09 |
02/11/10 |
129 |
Mary J. Miller |
Asst. Secy. – Financial Markets |
10/06/09 |
02/11/10 |
128 |
Michael F. Mundaca |
Asst. Secy. – Tax Policy |
10/06/09 |
Returned 12/22/10b |
|
Jeffrey A. Goldstein |
Under Secy. – Domestic Finance |
Recess appointment 03/27/10c |
||
Michael F. Mundaca |
Asst. Secy. – Tax Policy |
Recess appointment 03/27/10c |
||
S. Leslie Ireland |
Asst. Secy. – Intelligence and Analysis |
04/12/10 |
06/30/10 |
79 |
Michael F. Mundacad |
Asst. Secy. – Tax Policy |
04/21/10 |
Returned 12/22/10b |
|
Jeffrey A. Goldsteine |
Under Secy. – Domestic Finance |
04/21/10 |
Returned 08/05/10a |
|
Jeffrey A. Goldsteine |
Under Secy. – Domestic Finance |
09/13/10 |
Returned 12/22/10b |
|
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination |
96.4 |
|||
Median number of days to confirm a nomination |
70.0 |
a. Returned to the President at the beginning of a Senate recess of more than 30 days under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
b. Returned to the President at the end of the 111th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
c. The recess appointments of Goldstein and Mundaca expired at the end of the first session of the 112th Congress.
d. When a recess appointment is made, the President generally submits a new nomination for the nominee, even when an earlier nomination is pending, in compliance with 5 U.S.C. §5503. In this case, the President nominated Mundaca on October 6, 2009, recess-appointed him on March 27, 2010, then sent another nomination following the recess on April 21, 2010.
e. When a recess appointment is made, the President generally submits a new nomination for the nominee, even when an earlier nomination is pending, in compliance with 5 U.S.C. §5503. In this case, the President nominated Goldstein on July 22, 2009, recess-appointed him on March 27, 2010, then submitted another nomination following the recess on April 21, 2010. However, both nominations were returned to the President at the beginning of August recess in 2010, under provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate. Therefore, the President submitted another nomination for Goldstein on September 13, 2010, following the conclusion of that recess.
Position |
Incumbent |
Pay level |
Secretary |
Eric K. Shinseki |
I |
Deputy Secretary |
W. Scott Gould |
II |
Inspector Generala |
George J. Opfer |
III + 3%b |
Under Secretary – Benefits |
Michael Walcoff (A) |
III |
Under Secretary – Health |
Robert A. Petzel |
III |
Under Secretary – Memorial Affairs |
Steve L. Muro (A) |
III |
Assistant Secretary – Congressional and Legislative Affairs |
Joan M. Evans/Joan M. Mooneyc |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Human Resources and Administration |
John U. Sepúlveda |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Information and Technology |
Roger W. Baker |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Management/Chief Financial Officerd |
W. Todd Grams (A) |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Operations, Security and Preparedness |
Jose D. Riojas |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Policy and Planning |
Raul Perea-Henze |
IV |
Assistant Secretary – Public and Intergovernmental Affairs |
L. Tammy Duckworth |
IV |
Chairman – Board of Veterans' Appealse |
James P. Terry |
IV |
General Counsel |
William A. Gunn |
IV |
a. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in the departments. In the case of an IG, however, the law provides that "[i]f an Inspector General is removed from office or is transferred to another position or location within an establishment, the President shall communicate in writing the reasons for any such removal or transfer to both Houses of Congress, not later than 30 days before the removal or transfer" (5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(b)).
b. Under the provisions of 5 U.S.C. Appx. §3(e), "The annual rate of basic pay for an inspector general (as defined under section 12(3)) shall be the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, plus 3 percent."
c. Evans later became known as Joan M. Mooney.
d. The chief financial officer (CFO) may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). Department representatives have indicated that the positions were combined as noted in the table.
e. This position has a six-year term and limitations on the President's removal power. See 38 U.S.C. §7101(b).
Nominee |
Position |
Nominated |
Confirmed |
Days to confirm |
|
Eric K. Shinseki |
Secretary |
01/20/09 |
01/20/09 |
0 |
|
W. Scott Gould |
Deputy Secy. |
03/11/09 |
04/03/09 |
23 |
|
L. Tammy Duckworth |
Asst. Secy. – Public and Intergovernmental Affairs |
03/16/09 |
04/22/09 |
37 |
|
John U. Sepúlveda |
Asst. Secy. – Human Resources and Administration |
04/02/09 |
05/18/09 |
46 |
|
Jose D. Riojas |
Asst. Secy. – Operations, Security, and Preparedness |
04/20/09 |
05/18/09 |
28 |
|
William A. Gunn |
General Counsel |
04/20/09 |
05/18/09 |
28 |
|
Roger W. Baker |
Asst. Secy. – Information and Technology |
04/20/09 |
05/18/09 |
28 |
|
Joan M. Evans/Joan M. Mooneya |
Asst. Secy. – Congressional and Legislative Affairs |
06/23/09 |
08/07/09 |
45 |
|
Raul Perea-Henze |
Asst. Secy. – Policy and Planning |
11/09/09 |
03/19/10 |
130 |
|
Robert A. Petzel |
Under Secy. – Health |
11/18/09 |
02/11/10 |
85 |
|
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination |
45.0 |
||||
Median number of days to confirm a nomination |
32.5 |
Appendix A. Presidential Nominations, 111th Congress
Table A-1. Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Executive Departments, 111th Congress
Nominee |
Position |
Department |
Nomination date |
Confirmation date |
Days to confirm |
Robert V. Abbey |
Dir. – Bureau of Land Management |
DOI |
06/10/09 |
08/07/09 |
58 |
Jonathan S. Adelstein |
Admin. – Rural Utilities Services |
USDA |
04/21/09 |
07/24/09 |
94 |
Russlynn Ali |
Asst. Secy. – Civil Rights |
ED |
03/18/09 |
05/01/09 |
44 |
Herbert M. Allison Jr. |
Asst. Secy. – Financial Stability |
TREAS |
05/01/09 |
06/19/09 |
49 |
Brooke D. Anderson |
U.S. Alt. Rep. – Special Political Affairs – U.N. |
DOS |
12/03/09 |
03/10/10 |
97 |
James F. Amos |
Commandant – Marine Corps – Joint Chiefs of Staff |
DOD |
07/21/10 |
09/29/10 |
70 |
Peter H. Appel |
Admin. – Research and Innovative Technology |
DOT |
04/20/09 |
04/29/09 |
9 |
Daniel M. Ashe |
Dir. – U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |
DOI |
12/06/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Edward M. Avalos |
Under Secy. – Marketing and Regulatory Programs |
USDA |
06/18/09 |
10/08/09 |
112 |
Anthony M. Babauta |
Asst. Secy. – Insular Affairs |
DOI |
07/06/09 |
09/10/09 |
66 |
J. Randolph Babbitt |
Admin. – Federal Aviation Administration |
DOT |
05/11/09 |
05/21/09 |
10 |
Roger W. Baker |
Asst. Secy. – Information and Technology |
DVA |
04/20/09 |
05/18/09 |
28 |
Michael S. Barr |
Asst. Secy. – Financial Institutions |
TREAS |
05/01/09 |
05/21/09 |
20 |
Frederick D. Barton |
U.S. Rep. – Economic and Social Council – U.N. |
DOS |
09/15/09 |
11/20/09 |
66 |
Rand Beers |
Under Secy. – National Protection and Programs Directorate |
DHS |
04/20/09 |
06/19/09 |
60 |
Regina M. Benjamin |
Surgeon General |
HHS |
07/22/09 |
10/29/09 |
99 |
Daniel S. Benjamin |
Amb.-at-Large/Coordinator – Counterterrorism |
DOS |
04/27/09 |
05/21/09 |
24 |
Alan D. Bersin |
Commissioner – U.S. Customs and Border Protection |
DHS |
09/29/09 |
Returned 08/05/10 |
|
Alan D. Bersin |
Commissioner – U.S. Customs and Border Protection |
DHS |
Recess appointment 03/27/10 |
||
Alan D. Bersin |
Commissioner – U.S. Customs and Border Protection |
DHS |
04/21/10 |
Returned 08/05/10 |
|
Alan D. Bersin |
Commissioner – U.S. Customs and Border Protection |
DHS |
09/13/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Christopher P. Bertram |
Asst. Secy. – Budget and Programs/Chief Financial Officer |
DOT |
07/09/09 |
08/07/09 |
29 |
Donald M. Berwick |
Admin. – Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services |
HHS |
04/19/10 |
Returned 08/05/10 |
|
Donald M. Berwick |
Admin. – Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services |
HHS |
Recess appointment 07/07/10 |
||
Donald M. Berwick |
Admin. – Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services |
HHS |
07/19/10 |
Returned 08/05/10 |
|
Donald M. Berwick |
Admin. – Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services |
HHS |
09/13/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Robert O. Blake Jr. |
Asst. Secy. – South and Central Asian Affairs |
DOS |
04/27/09 |
05/21/09 |
24 |
Charles A. Blanchard |
General Counsel – Air Force |
DOD |
04/30/09 |
05/18/09 |
18 |
Rebecca M. Blank |
Under Secy. – Economic Affairs |
DOC |
04/28/09 |
05/21/09 |
23 |
Rafael Borras |
Under Secy. – Management |
DHS |
07/06/09 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Rafael Borras |
Under Secy. – Management |
DHS |
Recess appointment 03/27/10 |
||
Rafael Borras |
Under Secy. – Management |
DHS |
04/21/10 |
Returned 12/22/10a |
|
Phyllis C. Borzi |
Asst. Secy. – Employee Benefits Security Administration |
DOL |
04/27/09 |
07/10/09 |
74 |
Raphael W. Bostic |
Asst. Secy. – Policy Development and Research |
HUD |
04/20/09 |
07/10/09 |
81 |
April S. Boyd |
Asst. Secy. – Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs |
DOC |
03/19/09 |
04/29/09 |
41 |
Lorelei Boylan |
Admin. – Wage and Hour Division |
DOL |
05/11/09 |
Withdrawn 10/13/09 |
|
Lael Brainard |
Under Secy. – International Affairs |
TREAS |
03/23/09 |
04/20/10 |
393 |
Lanny A. Breuer |
Asst. Atty. General – Criminal Division |
DOJ |
02/23/09 |
04/20/09 |
56 |
Esther Brimmer |
Asst. Secy. – International Organizations Affairs |
DOS |
03/11/09 |
04/03/09 |
23 |
William F. Brinkman |
Dir. – Office of Science |
DOE |
04/27/09 |
06/19/09 |
53 |
William R. Brownfield |
Asst. Secy. – International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs |
DOS |
09/23/10 |
12/22/10 |
90 |
Sean P. Buckley |
Commissioner – Education Statistics |
ED |
07/12/10 |
12/22/10 |
163 |
Sharon E. Burke |
Dir. – Operational Energy Plans and Programs |
DOD |
12/11/09 |
06/22/10 |
193 |
Kurt M. Campbell |
Asst. Secy. – East Asian and Pacific Affairs |
DOS |
04/27/09 |
06/25/09 |
59 |
Michael C. Camuñez |
Asst. Secy. – Market Access and Compliance |
DOC |
03/02/10 |
09/16/10 |
198 |
Susan B. Carbon |
Dir. – Violence Against Women Office |
DOJ |
10/05/09 |
02/11/10 |
129 |
Johnnie Carson |
Asst. Secy. – African Affairs |
DOS |
03/23/09 |
05/06/09 |
44 |
Ashton B. Carter |
Under Secy. – Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics |
DOD |
03/18/09 |
04/23/09 |
36 |
James E. Cartwright |
Vice Chairman – Joint Chiefs of Staff |
DOD |
04/20/09 |
07/31/09 |
102 |
Anne J. Castle |
Asst. Secy. – Water and Science |
DOI |
04/27/09 |
06/19/09 |
53 |
Luis Cdebaca (C. de Baca) |
Amb.-at-Large/Dir. – Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons |
DOS |
03/26/09 |
05/06/09 |
41 |
Steven Chu |
Secretary |
DOE |
01/20/09 |
01/20/09 |
0 |
Hillary R. Clinton |
Secretary |
DOS |
01/20/09 |
01/21/09 |
1 |
Kelvin J. Cochran |
Admin. – U.S. Fire Administration – FEMA |
DHS |
07/28/09 |
08/07/09 |
10 |
David S. Cohen |
Asst. Secy. – Terrorist Financing |
TREAS |
03/10/09 |
05/01/09 |
52 |
James M. Cole |
Deputy Atty. General |
DOJ |
05/24/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
James M. Cole |
Deputy Atty. General |
DOJ |
Recess appointment 12/29/10 |
||
Francis S. Collins |
Dir. – National Institutes of Health |
HHS |
07/09/09 |
08/07/09 |
29 |
Charles Collyns |
Asst. Secy. – International Finance |
TREAS |
10/05/09 |
02/11/10 |
129 |
Gladys J. Commons |
Asst. Secy. – Navy – Financial Management/Comptroller |
DOD |
09/29/09 |
10/28/09 |
29 |
Erin C. Conaton |
Under Secy. – Air Force |
DOD |
11/10/09 |
03/04/10 |
114 |
Kevin W. Concannon |
Under Secy. – Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services |
USDA |
04/29/09 |
07/31/09 |
93 |
Michael L. Connor |
Comm. – Bureau of Reclamation |
DOI |
04/20/09 |
05/21/09 |
31 |
Donald L. Cook |
Deputy Admin. – Defense Programs, NNSA |
DOE |
12/03/09 |
06/22/10 |
201 |
Suzan D. J. Cook |
Amb.-at-Large – International Religious Freedom |
DOS |
06/16/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
William V. Corr |
Deputy Secy. |
HHS |
03/17/09 |
05/06/09 |
50 |
Douglas A. Criscitello |
Chief Financial Officer |
HUD |
11/10/09 |
02/11/10 |
93 |
Philip J. Crowley |
Asst. Secy. – Public Affairs |
DOS |
04/20/09 |
05/21/09 |
31 |
Peter Cunningham |
Asst. Secy. – Communications and Outreach |
ED |
03/19/09 |
05/01/09 |
43 |
Brenda Dann-Messier |
Asst. Secy. – Vocational and Adult Education |
ED |
07/14/09 |
10/05/09 |
83 |
Jo-Ellen Darcy |
Asst. Secy. – Army – Civil Works |
DOD |
04/02/09 |
08/07/09 |
127 |
Thomas A. Daschle |
Secretary |
HHS |
01/20/09 |
Withdrawn 02/09/09 |
|
Rosemary A. Dicarlo |
U.S. Deputy Rep. – U.N. |
DOS |
12/03/09 |
03/10/10 |
97 |
Scott C. Doney |
Chief Scientist – NOAA |
DOC |
08/05/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Shaun L. S. Donovan |
Secretary |
HUD |
01/20/09 |
01/22/09 |
2 |
L. Tammy Duckworth |
Asst. Secy. – Public and Intergovernmental Affairs |
DVA |
03/16/09 |
04/22/09 |
37 |
Arne Duncan |
Secretary |
ED |
01/20/09 |
01/20/09 |
0 |
John Q. Easton |
Dir. – Institute of Education Sciences |
ED |
04/20/09 |
05/21/09 |
31 |
Larry J. Echo Hawk |
Asst. Secy. – Indian Affairs |
DOI |
04/20/09 |
05/19/09 |
29 |
Jim R. Esquea |
Asst. Secy. – Legislation |
HHS |
08/06/09 |
06/22/10 |
320 |
Joan M. Evans |
Asst. Secy. – Congressional and Legislative Affairs |
DVA |
06/23/09 |
08/07/09 |
45 |
Jeffrey D. Feltman |
Asst. Secy. – Near Eastern Affairs |
DOS |
04/20/09 |
08/07/09 |
109 |
John R. Fernandez |
Asst. Secy. – Economic Development |
DOC |
07/20/09 |
09/10/09 |
52 |
Jose W. Fernandez |
Asst. Secy. – Economic, Energy, and Business Affairs |
DOS |
08/06/09 |
11/20/09 |
106 |
Anne S. Ferro |
Admin. – Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration |
DOT |
07/16/09 |
11/05/09 |
112 |
Michèle A. Flournoy |
Under Secy. – Policy |
DOD |
01/20/09 |
02/09/09 |
20 |
Ivan K. Fong |
General Counsel |
DHS |
03/11/09 |
05/06/09 |
56 |
Christine H. Fox |
Dir. – Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation |
DOD |
10/01/09 |
10/28/09 |
27 |
W. Craig Fugate |
Admin. – FEMA |
DHS |
03/17/09 |
05/12/09 |
56 |
Patrick D. Gallagher |
Dir. – National Institute of Standards and Technology |
DOC |
10/07/09 |
11/05/09 |
29 |
Jose A. Garcia |
Dir. – Office of Economic Impact and Diversity |
DOE |
07/20/09 |
10/21/09 |
93 |
Juan M. Garcia III |
Asst. Secy. – Navy – Manpower and Reserve Affairs |
DOD |
06/18/09 |
09/16/09 |
90 |
Alexander G. Garza |
Asst. Secy. – Health Affairs and Chief Medical Officer |
DHS |
07/07/09 |
Withdrawn 07/27/09 |
|
Alexander G. Garza |
Asst. Secy. – Health Affairs and Chief Medical Officer |
DHS |
07/27/09 |
08/07/09 |
11 |
Timothy F. Geithner |
Secretary |
TREAS |
01/20/09 |
01/26/09 |
6 |
J. Michael Gilmore |
Dir. – Operational Test and Evaluation |
DOD |
06/01/09 |
09/21/09 |
112 |
Daniel B. Ginsberg |
Asst. Secy. – Air Force – Manpower and Reserve Affairs |
DOD |
06/02/09 |
07/06/09 |
34 |
Sherry Glied |
Asst. Secy. – Planning and Evaluation |
HHS |
07/09/09 |
06/22/10 |
348 |
Philip S. Goldberg |
Asst. Secy. – Intelligence and Research |
DOS |
10/26/09 |
02/09/10 |
106 |
Jeffrey A. Goldstein |
Under Secy. – Domestic Finance |
TREAS |
07/22/09 |
Returned 08/05/10 |
|
Jeffrey A. Goldstein |
Under Secy. – Domestic Finance |
TREAS |
Recess appointment 03/27/10 |
||
Jeffrey A. Goldstein |
Under Secy. – Domestic Finance |
TREAS |
04/21/10 |
Returned 08/05/10 |
|
Jeffrey A. Goldstein |
Under Secy. – Domestic Finance |
TREAS |
09/13/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Gabriella C. Gomez |
Asst. Secy. – Legislation and Congressional Affairs |
ED |
04/20/09 |
05/01/09 |
11 |
Eric Goosby |
Coordinator – U.S. Global AIDS |
DOS |
04/29/09 |
06/19/09 |
51 |
Philip H. Gordon |
Asst. Secy. – European and Eurasian Affairs |
DOS |
03/11/09 |
05/14/09 |
64 |
Rose E. Gottemoeller |
Asst. Secy. – Arms Control, Verification and Compliance |
DOS |
03/17/09 |
04/03/09 |
17 |
W. Scott Gould |
Deputy Secy. |
DVA |
03/11/09 |
04/03/09 |
23 |
Kathy J. Greenlee |
Asst. Secy. – Aging |
HHS |
05/04/09 |
06/25/09 |
52 |
Wallace C. Gregson |
Asst. Secy. – Asian and Pacific Security Affairs |
DOD |
04/20/09 |
05/07/09 |
17 |
Dana G. Gresham |
Asst. Secy. – Governmental Affairs |
DOT |
03/10/09 |
04/29/09 |
50 |
Robert M. Groves |
Dir. – Bureau of the Census |
DOC |
04/29/09 |
07/13/09 |
75 |
William A. Gunn |
General Counsel |
DVA |
04/20/09 |
05/18/09 |
28 |
Elisabeth A. Hagen |
Under Secy. – Food Safety |
USDA |
01/26/10 |
09/16/10 |
233 |
Elisabeth A. Hagen |
Under Secy. – Food Safety |
USDA |
Recess Appointment 08/19/10 |
||
Elisabeth A. Hagen |
Under Secy. – Food Safety |
USDA |
09/13/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Robert F. Hale |
Under Secy. – Comptroller/Chief Financial Officer |
DOD |
01/20/09 |
02/09/09 |
20 |
Margaret A. Hamburg |
Commissioner – Food and Drugs |
HHS |
03/25/09 |
05/18/09 |
54 |
Samuel D. Hamilton |
Dir. – U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |
DOI |
07/06/09 |
07/31/09 |
25 |
Katherine Hammack |
Asst. Secy. – Army – Installations, Energy and Environment |
DOD |
01/20/10 |
06/22/10 |
153 |
Beatrice A. Hanson |
Dir. – Office for Victims of Crime |
DOJ |
12/23/09 |
Withdrawn 12/20/10 |
|
Krysta Harden |
Asst. Secy. – Congressional Relations |
USDA |
04/02/09 |
05/12/09 |
40 |
Robert A. Harding |
Asst. Secy. – Transportation Security Administration |
DHS |
03/08/10 |
Withdrawn 04/12/10 |
|
Elizabeth M. Harman |
Asst. Admin. – Grants Program Directorate – FEMA |
DHS |
10/13/09 |
03/03/10 |
141 |
Anne M. Harrington |
Deputy Admin. – Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, NNSA |
DOE |
06/14/10 |
09/29/10 |
107 |
Scott B. Harris |
General Counsel |
DOE |
04/02/09 |
05/19/09 |
47 |
Seth D. Harris |
Deputy Secy. |
DOL |
03/03/09 |
05/21/09 |
79 |
David J. Hayes |
Deputy Secy. |
DOI |
02/27/09 |
05/20/09 |
82 |
Gordon S. Heddell |
Inspector General |
DOD |
06/01/09 |
07/10/09 |
39 |
Sandra B. Henriquez |
Asst. Secy. – Public and Indian Housing |
HUD |
04/20/09 |
05/21/09 |
31 |
David F. Heyman |
Asst. Secy. – Policy |
DHS |
04/27/09 |
06/04/09 |
38 |
Dennis F. Hightower |
Deputy Secy. |
DOC |
07/24/09 |
08/07/09 |
14 |
Eric L. Hirschhorn |
Under Secy. – Export Administration |
DOC |
09/14/09 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Eric L. Hirschhorn |
Under Secy. – Export Administration |
DOC |
04/21/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Eric L. Hirschhorn |
Under Secy. – Export Administration |
DOC |
Recess Appointment 03/27/10 |
||
Patricia A. Hoffman |
Asst. Secy. – Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability |
DOE |
12/09/09 |
06/22/10 |
195 |
Eric H. Holder Jr. |
Attorney General |
DOJ |
01/20/09 |
02/02/09 |
13 |
Robert D. Hormats |
Under Secy. – Economic, Energy, and Agricultural Affairs |
DOS |
07/20/09 |
09/22/09 |
64 |
Michael P. Huerta |
Deputy Admin. – Federal Aviation Administration |
DOT |
12/08/09 |
06/23/10 |
197 |
Pamela S. Hyde |
Admin. – Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration |
HHS |
10/05/09 |
11/20/09 |
46 |
Stacia A. Hylton |
Dir. – U.S. Marshals Service |
DOJ |
09/20/10 |
12/22/10 |
93 |
S. Leslie Ireland |
Asst. Secy. – Intelligence and Analysis |
TREAS |
04/12/10 |
06/30/10 |
79 |
Steven L. Jacques |
Asst. Secy. – Public Affairs |
HUD |
09/29/09 |
Withdrawn 05/07/10 |
|
Jonathan B. Jarvis |
Dir. – National Park Service |
DOI |
07/13/09 |
09/24/09 |
73 |
Raymond M. Jefferson |
Asst. Secy. – Veterans' Employment and Training Service |
DOL |
06/03/09 |
08/07/09 |
65 |
Dawn E. Johnsen |
Asst. Atty. General – Office of Legal Counsel |
DOJ |
02/11/09 |
Returned 12/24/09 |
|
Dawn E. Johnsen |
Asst. Atty. General – Office of Legal Counsel |
DOJ |
01/20/10 |
Withdrawn 04/12/10 |
|
Jeh C. Johnson |
General Counsel |
DOD |
01/20/09 |
02/09/09 |
20 |
Kristina M. Johnson |
Under Secy. |
DOE |
03/23/09 |
05/19/09 |
57 |
Kerri-Ann Jones |
Asst. Secy. – Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs |
DOS |
06/25/09 |
08/07/09 |
43 |
Elena Kagan |
Solicitor General |
DOJ |
01/26/09 |
03/19/09 |
52 |
Helen R. Kanovsky |
General Counsel |
HUD |
04/20/09 |
05/01/09 |
11 |
Martha J. Kanter |
Under Secy. |
ED |
04/29/09 |
06/19/09 |
51 |
David J. Kappos |
Under Secy. – Intellectual Property/Dir. – U.S. Patent and Trademark Office |
DOC |
06/18/09 |
08/07/09 |
50 |
Frank Kendall III |
Deputy Under Secy. – Acquisition, Technology and Logistics |
DOD |
08/05/09 |
Withdrawn 10/29/09 |
|
Frank Kendall III |
Prin. Deputy Under Secy. – Acquisition, Technology and Logistics |
DOD |
10/29/09 |
03/04/10 |
126 |
Brian V. Kennedy |
Asst. Secy. – Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs |
DOL |
03/19/09 |
05/01/09 |
43 |
T. Michael Kerr |
Asst. Secy. – Administration and Management |
DOL |
03/26/09 |
05/01/09 |
36 |
Cameron F. Kerry |
General Counsel |
DOC |
04/20/09 |
05/21/09 |
31 |
Roy W. Kienitz |
Under Secy. – Policy |
DOT |
03/16/09 |
04/29/09 |
44 |
Elizabeth L. King |
Asst. Secy. – Legislative Affairs |
DOD |
04/20/09 |
05/07/09 |
17 |
Howard K. Koh |
Asst. Secy. – Health |
HHS |
04/20/09 |
06/19/09 |
60 |
Harold H. Koh |
Legal Adviser |
DOS |
03/23/09 |
06/25/09 |
94 |
Steven E. Koonin |
Under Secy. – Science |
DOE |
03/26/09 |
05/19/09 |
54 |
Peter A. Kovar |
Asst. Secy. – Congressional and Intergovernmental Relations |
HUD |
03/25/09 |
05/01/09 |
37 |
David S. Kris |
Asst. Atty. General – National Security Division |
DOJ |
02/11/09 |
03/25/09 |
42 |
Alan B. Krueger |
Asst. Secy. – Economic Policy |
TREAS |
03/10/09 |
05/06/09 |
57 |
Suresh Kumar |
Asst. Secy. – Trade Promotion/Dir. General – U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service |
DOC |
10/29/09 |
02/11/10 |
105 |
Susan L. Kurland |
Asst. Secy. – Aviation and International Affairs |
DOT |
07/07/09 |
08/07/09 |
31 |
Marisa Lago |
Asst. Secy. – International Markets and Development |
TREAS |
09/25/09 |
02/11/10 |
139 |
Ray Lahood |
Secretary |
DOT |
01/20/09 |
01/22/09 |
2 |
Nicole Y. Lamb-Hale |
Asst. Secy. – Manufacturing and Services |
DOC |
11/18/09 |
02/11/10 |
85 |
Thomas R. Lamont |
Asst. Secy. – Army – Manpower and Reserve Affairs |
DOD |
04/27/09 |
05/18/09 |
21 |
Jeffrey A. Lane |
Asst. Secy. – Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs |
DOE |
02/01/10 |
06/22/10 |
141 |
John H. Laub |
Dir. – National Institute of Justice |
DOJ |
10/05/09 |
06/22/10 |
260 |
Zachary J. Lemnios |
Dir. – Defense Research and Engineering |
DOD |
05/18/09 |
06/19/09 |
32 |
Joe Leonard Jr. |
Asst. Secy. – Civil Rights |
USDA |
03/23/09 |
04/03/09 |
11 |
Michele M. Leonhart |
Deputy Admin. – Drug Enforcement Administration |
DOJ |
02/02/10 |
12/22/10 |
323 |
Jacob J. Lew |
Deputy Secy. – Management and Resources |
DOS |
01/20/09 |
01/28/09 |
8 |
Wilma A. Lewis |
Asst. Secy. – Land and Minerals Management |
DOI |
05/06/09 |
08/07/09 |
93 |
Gary Locke |
Secretary |
DOC |
03/16/09 |
03/24/09 |
8 |
Carmen Lomellin |
U.S. Rep. – Organization of American States |
DOS |
09/15/09 |
11/20/09 |
66 |
Jane Lubchenco |
Under Secy. – Oceans and Atmosphere/Admin. – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |
DOC |
01/20/09 |
03/19/09 |
58 |
Nicole Lurie |
Asst. Secy. – Preparedness and Response |
HHS |
06/01/09 |
07/10/09 |
39 |
Jane H. Lute |
Deputy Secy. |
DHS |
02/25/09 |
04/03/09 |
37 |
James P. Lynch |
Dir. – Bureau of Justice Statistics |
DOJ |
10/29/09 |
06/22/10 |
236 |
William J. Lynn III |
Deputy Secy. |
DOD |
01/20/09 |
02/11/09 |
22 |
Peter B. Lyons |
Asst. Secy. – Nuclear Energy |
DOE |
12/13/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Raymond E. Mabus Jr. |
Secretary – Navy |
DOD |
04/20/09 |
05/18/09 |
28 |
George W. Madison |
General Counsel |
TREAS |
04/20/09 |
09/08/09 |
141 |
Joseph A. Main |
Asst. Secy. – Mine Safety and Health Administration |
DOL |
07/06/09 |
10/21/09 |
107 |
Arun Majumdar |
Dir. – Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy |
DOE |
09/21/09 |
10/21/09 |
30 |
Timothy W. Manning |
Deputy Admin. – Protection and National Preparedness – FEMA |
DHS |
04/02/09 |
05/06/09 |
34 |
Sara Manzano-Díaz |
Dir. – Women's Bureau |
DOL |
10/01/09 |
02/11/10 |
133 |
James J. Markowsky |
Asst. Secy. – Fossil Energy |
DOE |
06/18/09 |
08/07/09 |
50 |
Mercedes M. Márquez |
Asst. Secy. – Community Planning and Development |
HUD |
05/04/09 |
06/25/09 |
52 |
Capricia P. Marshall |
Chief of Protocol |
DOS |
05/14/09 |
07/31/09 |
78 |
Carmel Martin |
Asst. Secy. – Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development |
ED |
03/18/09 |
05/01/09 |
44 |
Kathleen Martinez |
Asst. Secy. – Disability Employment Policy |
DOL |
04/20/09 |
06/25/09 |
66 |
Mary Sally Matiella |
Asst. Secy. – Army – Financial Management/Comptroller |
DOD |
11/20/09 |
02/11/10 |
83 |
David T. Matsuda |
Admin. – Maritime Administration |
DOT |
12/17/09 |
06/22/10 |
187 |
Alejandro N. Mayorkas |
Dir. – U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services |
DHS |
05/20/09 |
08/07/09 |
79 |
Dennis M. McCarthy |
Asst. Secy. – Reserve Affairs |
DOD |
06/01/09 |
06/25/09 |
24 |
Michael J. McCord |
Prin. Deputy Under Secy./Comptroller |
DOD |
03/01/10 |
06/22/10 |
113 |
Timothy McGee |
Asst. Secy. – Environmental Observation and Prediction/Deputy Admin. – NOAA |
DOC |
12/21/09 |
Withdrawn 04/22/10 |
|
Elizabeth A. McGrath |
Deputy Chief Management Officer |
DOD |
03/10/10 |
06/22/10 |
104 |
Judith A. McHale |
Under Secy. – Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs |
DOS |
04/20/09 |
05/21/09 |
31 |
John M. McHugh |
Secretary – Army |
DOD |
07/06/09 |
09/16/09 |
72 |
Marcia K. McNutt |
Dir. – U.S. Geological Survey |
DOI |
08/04/09 |
10/21/09 |
78 |
Thelma Meléndez De Santa Ana |
Asst. Secy. – Elementary and Secondary Education |
ED |
06/08/09 |
07/24/09 |
46 |
Victor M. Mendez |
Admin. – Federal Highway Administration |
DOT |
04/23/09 |
07/10/09 |
78 |
Kathleen A. Merrigan |
Deputy Secy. |
USDA |
03/19/09 |
04/03/09 |
15 |
David M. Michaels |
Asst. Secy. – Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
DOL |
08/05/09 |
12/03/09 |
120 |
James W. Miller |
Under Secy. – Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services |
USDA |
03/18/09 |
04/03/09 |
16 |
Mary J. Miller |
Asst. Secy. – Financial Markets |
TREAS |
10/06/09 |
02/11/10 |
128 |
Anthony W. Miller |
Deputy Secy. |
ED |
05/18/09 |
07/24/09 |
67 |
Neile L. Miller |
Prin. Deputy Admin. – NNSA |
DOE |
05/27/10 |
08/05/10 |
70 |
James N. Miller Jr. |
Prin. Deputy Under Secy. – Policy |
DOD |
03/10/09 |
04/03/09 |
24 |
Warren F. Miller Jr. |
Asst. Secy. – Nuclear Energy |
DOE |
06/18/09 |
08/07/09 |
50 |
Warren F. Miller Jr. |
Dir. – Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management |
DOE |
06/22/09 |
Returned 08/05/10 |
|
David W. Mills |
Asst. Secy. – Export Enforcement |
DOC |
12/02/09 |
02/11/10 |
71 |
Ignacia S. Moreno |
Asst. Atty. General – Environment and Natural Resources Division |
DOJ |
06/08/09 |
11/05/09 |
150 |
Jamie M. Morin |
Asst. Secy. – Air Force – Financial Management/Comptroller |
DOD |
05/11/09 |
06/19/09 |
39 |
John T. Morton |
Asst. Secy. – U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement |
DHS |
03/10/09 |
05/12/09 |
63 |
Philip Mudd |
Under Secy. – Intelligence and Analysis |
DHS |
05/04/09 |
Withdrawn 07/06/09 |
|
Michael G. Mullen |
Chairman – Joint Chiefs of Staff |
DOD |
05/20/09 |
09/25/09 |
128 |
Michael F. Mundaca |
Asst. Secy. – Tax Policy |
TREAS |
10/06/09 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Michael F. Mundaca |
Asst. Secy. – Tax Policy |
TREAS |
Recess appointment 03/27/10 |
||
Michael F. Mundaca |
Asst. Secy. – Tax Policy |
TREAS |
04/21/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Ellen G. Murray |
Asst. Secy. – Financial Resources /Chief Financial Officer |
HHS |
06/01/09 |
02/11/10 |
255 |
Michael Nacht |
Asst. Secy. – Global Strategic Affairs |
DOD |
04/20/09 |
05/07/09 |
17 |
Janet A. Napolitano |
Secretary |
DHS |
01/20/09 |
01/20/09 |
0 |
Carmen R. Nazario |
Asst. Secy. – Children and Families |
HHS |
05/06/09 |
09/22/09 |
139 |
Richard G. Newell |
Admin. – Energy Information Administration |
DOE |
05/18/09 |
07/31/09 |
74 |
Thomas R. Nides |
Deputy Secy. – Management and Resources |
DOS |
09/29/10 |
12/22/10 |
84 |
Denise E. O'Donnell |
Dir. – Bureau of Justice Assistance |
DOJ |
12/13/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Tara J. O'Toole |
Under Secy. – Science and Technology |
DHS |
05/06/09 |
11/04/09 |
182 |
Jane Oates |
Asst. Secy. – Employment and Training Administration |
DOL |
05/06/09 |
06/19/09 |
44 |
Eduardo M. Ochoa |
Asst. Secy. – Postsecondary Education |
ED |
02/24/10 |
06/22/10 |
118 |
David W. Ogden |
Deputy Atty. General |
DOJ |
01/26/09 |
03/12/09 |
45 |
Malcolm R. O'Neill |
Asst. Secy. – Army – Acquisition, Logistics and Technology |
DOD |
12/03/09 |
03/04/10 |
91 |
Paul L. Oostburg Sanz |
General Counsel – Navy |
DOD |
11/20/09 |
03/04/10 |
104 |
María Otero |
Under Secy. – Democracy and Global Affairs |
DOS |
06/09/09 |
08/07/09 |
59 |
Robert J. Papp Jr. |
Commandant of the Coast Guard |
DHS |
12/22/09 |
04/22/10 |
121 |
Raul Perea-Henze |
Asst. Secy. – Policy and Planning |
DVA |
11/09/09 |
03/19/10 |
130 |
Thomas E. Perez |
Asst. Atty. General – Civil Rights Division |
DOJ |
03/31/09 |
10/06/09 |
189 |
Thomas J. Perrelli |
Associate Atty. General |
DOJ |
01/30/09 |
03/12/09 |
41 |
Robert A. Petzel |
Under Secy. – Health |
DVA |
11/18/09 |
02/11/10 |
85 |
Jackalyne Pfannenstiel |
Asst. Secy. – Navy – Energy, Installations and Environment |
DOD |
12/03/09 |
03/04/10 |
91 |
John S. Pistole |
Asst. Secy. – Transportation Security Administration |
DHS |
05/17/10 |
06/25/10 |
39 |
Joseph G. Pizarchik |
Dir. – Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement |
DOI |
07/16/09 |
11/06/09 |
113 |
Daniel B. Poneman |
Deputy Secy. |
DOE |
04/20/09 |
05/18/09 |
28 |
John D. Porcari |
Deputy Secy. |
DOT |
04/27/09 |
05/21/09 |
24 |
Michael H. Posner |
Asst. Secy. – Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor |
DOS |
07/07/09 |
09/22/09 |
77 |
Alexa E. Posny |
Asst. Secy. – Special Education and Rehabilitative Services |
ED |
07/07/09 |
10/05/09 |
90 |
Nancy J. Powell |
Dir. Gen. – Foreign Service |
DOS |
05/21/09 |
07/31/09 |
71 |
Cynthia L. Quarterman |
Admin. – Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration |
DOT |
09/15/09 |
11/05/09 |
51 |
Scott B. Quehl |
Asst. Secy. – Administration |
DOC |
10/15/09 |
12/24/09 |
70 |
Scott B. Quehl |
Chief Financial Officer |
DOC |
10/15/09 |
12/24/09 |
70 |
Stephen J. Rapp |
Amb.-at-Large – War Crimes Issues |
DOS |
07/07/09 |
08/04/09 |
28 |
Pearlie S. Reed |
Asst. Secy. – Administration |
USDA |
04/27/09 |
05/12/09 |
15 |
Donald M. Remy |
General Counsel – Army |
DOD |
04/20/09 |
Withdrawn 06/17/09 |
|
Susan E. Rice |
U.S. Rep. – U.N. |
DOS |
01/20/09 |
01/22/09 |
2 |
Jose D. Riojas |
Asst. Secy. – Operations, Security, and Preparedness |
DVA |
04/20/09 |
05/18/09 |
28 |
Rosa G. Rios |
Treasurer of the United States |
TREAS |
05/18/09 |
07/24/09 |
67 |
Robert S. Rivkin |
General Counsel |
DOT |
04/20/09 |
04/29/09 |
9 |
Larry Robinson |
Asst. Secy. – Conservation and Management/Deputy Admin. – NOAA |
DOC |
02/04/10 |
Withdrawn 02/22/10 |
|
Larry Robinson |
Asst. Secy. – Conservation and Management/Deputy Admin. – NOAA |
DOC |
02/22/10 |
05/06/10 |
73 |
Laurie O. Robinson |
Asst. Atty. General – Office of Justice Programs |
DOJ |
09/14/09 |
11/05/09 |
52 |
Leon Rodriguez |
Admin. – Wage and Hour Division |
DOL |
12/03/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Peter M. Rogoff |
Admin. – Federal Transit Administration |
DOT |
04/29/09 |
05/21/09 |
22 |
Ramona E. Romero |
General Counsel |
USDA |
06/28/10 |
12/22/10 |
177 |
Jo Ann Rooney |
Prin. Deputy Under Secy. – Personnel and Readiness |
DOD |
09/29/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Charles P. Rose |
General Counsel |
ED |
03/18/09 |
05/01/09 |
44 |
Yvette Roubideaux |
Dir. – Indian Health Service |
HHS |
03/26/09 |
05/06/09 |
41 |
Lynnae M. Ruttledge |
Commissioner – Rehabilitation Services Administration |
ED |
10/15/09 |
12/24/09 |
70 |
Kenneth L. Salazar |
Secretary |
DOI |
01/20/09 |
01/20/09 |
0 |
Bryan H. Samuels |
Commissioner – Children, Youth, and Families |
HHS |
07/13/09 |
02/11/10 |
213 |
Francisco J. Sánchez |
Under Secy. – International Trade |
DOC |
04/20/09 |
09/16/10 |
514 |
Francisco J. Sánchez |
Under Secy. – International Trade |
DOC |
04/21/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Francisco J. Sánchez |
Under Secy. – International Trade |
DOC |
Recess Appointment 03/27/10 |
||
David B. Sandalow |
Asst. Secy. – Policy and International Affairs |
DOE |
04/20/09 |
05/18/09 |
28 |
Christopher H. Schroeder |
Asst. Atty. General – Office of Legal Policy |
DOJ |
06/04/09 |
Returned 12/24/09 |
|
Christopher H. Schroeder |
Asst. Atty. General – Office of Legal Policy |
DOJ |
01/20/10 |
04/21/10 |
91 |
Eric P. Schwartz |
Asst. Secy. – Population, Refugees, and Migration |
DOS |
05/06/09 |
06/19/09 |
44 |
Kathleen Sebelius |
Secretary |
HHS |
03/17/09 |
04/28/09 |
42 |
Evan J. Segal |
Chief Financial Officer |
USDA |
06/01/09 |
07/20/09 |
49 |
John U. Sepúlveda |
Asst. Secy. – Human Resources and Administration |
DVA |
04/02/09 |
05/18/09 |
46 |
Richard Serino |
Deputy Admin./Chief Operating Officer – FEMA |
DHS |
07/27/09 |
10/05/09 |
70 |
Rajiv J. Shah |
Under Secy. – Research, Education, and Economics |
USDA |
04/23/09 |
05/12/09 |
19 |
Andrew J. Shapiro |
Asst. Secy. – Political-Military Affairs |
DOS |
05/06/09 |
06/19/09 |
44 |
Harris D. Sherman |
Under Secy. – Natural Resources and Environment |
USDA |
09/10/09 |
Withdrawn 09/29/09 |
|
Harris D. Sherman |
Under Secy. – Natural Resources and Environment |
USDA |
09/29/09 |
10/08/09 |
9 |
Eric K. Shinseki |
Secretary |
DVA |
01/20/09 |
01/20/09 |
0 |
Ronald C. Sims |
Deputy Secy. |
HUD |
03/04/09 |
05/06/09 |
63 |
Mary L. Smith |
Asst. Atty. General – Tax Division |
DOJ |
04/20/09 |
Returned 12/24/09 |
|
Mary L. Smith |
Asst. Atty. General – Tax Division |
DOJ |
01/20/10 |
Returned 08/05/10 |
|
M. Patricia Smith |
Solicitor |
DOL |
04/20/09 |
02/04/10 |
290 |
Hilda L. Solis |
Secretary |
DOL |
01/20/09 |
02/24/09 |
35 |
Richard Sorian |
Asst. Secy. – Public Affairs |
HHS |
10/05/09 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Richard Sorian |
Asst. Secy. – Public Affairs |
HHS |
Recess appointment 08/19/10 |
||
Richard Sorian |
Asst. Secy. – Public Affairs |
HHS |
09/13/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Erroll G. Southers |
Asst. Secy. – Transportation Security Administration |
DHS |
09/17/09 |
Withdrawn 01/21/10 |
|
Lillian A. Sparks |
Commissioner – Administration for Native Americans |
HHS |
10/22/09 |
03/03/10 |
132 |
William E. Spriggs |
Asst. Secy. – Policy |
DOL |
06/09/09 |
10/21/09 |
134 |
Clifford L. Stanley |
Under Secy. – Personnel and Readiness |
DOD |
10/15/09 |
02/09/10 |
117 |
James B. Steinberg |
Deputy Secy. |
DOS |
01/20/09 |
01/28/09 |
8 |
David H. Stevens |
Asst. Secy. – Housing/Federal Housing Administration Commissioner |
HUD |
04/20/09 |
07/10/09 |
81 |
Tracie Stevens |
Chair – National Indian Gaming Commission |
DOI |
04/29/10 |
06/22/10 |
54 |
J. Ann S. Stock |
Asst. Secy. – Educational and Cultural Affairs |
DOS |
12/04/09 |
06/22/10 |
200 |
Paul N. Stockton |
Asst. Secy. – Homeland Defense and Americas' Security Affairs |
DOD |
04/28/09 |
05/18/09 |
20 |
Thomas L. Strickland |
Asst. Secy. – Fish and Wildlife and Parks |
DOI |
03/12/09 |
04/30/09 |
49 |
David L. Strickland |
Admin. – National Highway Traffic Safety Administration |
DOT |
12/04/09 |
12/24/09 |
20 |
Lawrence E. Strickling |
Asst. Secy. – Communications and Information |
DOC |
03/31/09 |
06/25/09 |
86 |
Rhea S. Suh |
Asst. Secy. – Policy, Management and Budget/Chief Financial Officer |
DOI |
04/20/09 |
05/18/09 |
28 |
Kathryn D. Sullivan |
Asst. Secy. – Environmental Observation and Prediction/ Deputy Admin. – NOAA |
DOC |
12/03/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Joseph C. Szabo |
Admin. – Federal Railroad Administration |
DOT |
03/26/09 |
04/29/09 |
34 |
Teresa M. Takai |
Asst. Secy. – Networks and Information Integration |
DOD |
04/12/10 |
Withdrawn 09/29/10 |
|
Daniel M. Tangherlini |
Asst. Secy. – Management |
TREAS |
06/03/09 |
07/24/09 |
51 |
Daniel M. Tangherlini |
Chief Financial Officer |
TREAS |
06/03/09 |
07/24/09 |
51 |
Ellen O. Tauscher |
Under Secy. – Arms Control and International Security |
DOS |
05/06/09 |
06/25/09 |
50 |
James L. Taylor |
Chief Financial Officer |
DOL |
03/03/10 |
06/22/10 |
111 |
Paul M. Tiao |
Inspector General |
DOL |
05/27/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Kathleen S. Tighe |
Inspector General |
ED |
11/20/09 |
03/10/10 |
110 |
Hilary C. Tompkins |
Solicitor |
DOI |
03/31/09 |
06/17/09 |
78 |
Dallas P. Tonsager |
Under Secy. – Rural Development |
USDA |
03/25/09 |
05/12/09 |
48 |
Joseph M. Torsella |
U.S. Rep. – Management and Reform – U.N. |
DOS |
11/17/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Theodore W. Tozer |
Pres. – Government National Mortgage Association |
HUD |
12/21/09 |
02/11/10 |
52 |
John D. Trasviña |
Asst. Secy. – Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity |
HUD |
04/20/09 |
05/01/09 |
11 |
Andrew L. Traver |
Dir. – Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives |
DOJ |
11/17/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Inés R. Triay |
Asst. Secy. – Environmental Management |
DOE |
03/31/09 |
05/20/09 |
50 |
Polly Trottenberg |
Asst. Secy. – Transportation Policy |
DOT |
06/08/09 |
07/24/09 |
46 |
Arturo A. Valenzuela |
Asst. Secy. – Western Hemisphere Affairs |
DOS |
06/08/09 |
11/05/09 |
150 |
Christine A. Varney |
Asst. Atty. General – Antitrust Division |
DOJ |
02/23/09 |
04/20/09 |
56 |
Richard R. Verma |
Asst. Secy. – Legislative Affairs |
DOS |
03/11/09 |
04/03/09 |
23 |
Alexander Vershbow |
Asst. Secy. – International Security Affairs |
DOD |
03/12/09 |
04/03/09 |
22 |
Melanne Verveer |
Amb.-at- Large – Global Women's Issues |
DOS |
03/11/09 |
04/03/09 |
23 |
Michael Vickers |
Under Secy. – Intelligence |
DOD |
09/29/10 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Thomas J. Vilsack |
Secretary |
USDA |
01/20/09 |
01/20/09 |
0 |
Caryn A. Wagner |
Under Secy. – Intelligence and Analysis |
DHS |
10/26/09 |
02/11/10 |
108 |
Kim N. Wallace |
Asst. Secy. – Legislative Affairs |
TREAS |
03/16/09 |
07/24/09 |
130 |
Solomon B. Watson IV |
General Counsel – Army |
DOD |
11/20/09 |
Returned 12/22/10 |
|
Andrew C. Weber |
Asst. to the Secretary – Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Defense Programs |
DOD |
04/29/09 |
05/18/09 |
19 |
Ronald H. Weich |
Asst. Atty. General – Legislative Affairs |
DOJ |
03/18/09 |
04/29/09 |
42 |
Tony West |
Asst. Atty. General – Civil Division |
DOJ |
02/25/09 |
04/20/09 |
54 |
Joseph W. Westphal |
Under Secy. – Army |
DOD |
06/11/09 |
09/16/09 |
97 |
William J. Wilkins |
Chief Counsel – Internal Revenue Service/Asst. General Counsel for Tax |
TREAS |
05/12/09 |
07/24/09 |
73 |
Grayling G. Williams |
Dir. – Office of Counternarcotics Enforcement |
DHS |
11/04/09 |
12/24/09 |
50 |
Douglas B. Wilson |
Asst. Secy. – Public Affairs |
DOD |
12/03/09 |
02/11/10 |
70 |
Kevin Wolf |
Asst. Secy. – Export Administration |
DOC |
12/21/09 |
02/11/10 |
52 |
Neal S. Wolin |
Deputy Secy. |
TREAS |
04/20/09 |
05/18/09 |
28 |
Jonathan Woodson |
Asst. Secy. – Health Affairs |
DOD |
03/22/10 |
12/22/10 |
275 |
Robert O. Work |
Under Secy. – Navy |
DOD |
04/20/09 |
05/18/09 |
28 |
Catherine E. Woteki |
Under Secy. – Research, Education, and Economics |
USDA |
04/26/10 |
09/16/10 |
143 |
Terry A. Yonkers |
Asst. Secy. – Air Force – Installations, Environment and Logistics |
DOD |
08/03/09 |
03/04/10 |
213 |
Jide J. Zeitlin |
U.S. Rep. – Management and Reform – U.N. |
DOS |
09/24/09 |
Withdrawn 01/21/10 |
|
Catherine R. Zoi |
Asst. Secy. – Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy |
DOE |
04/27/09 |
06/19/09 |
53 |
Mean number of days to confirm |
73.2 |
||||
Median number of days to confirm |
52.0 |
Appendix B. Appointment Action, 111th Congress
Department |
Positions |
Nominations |
Individual nominees |
Confirmations |
Returned |
Withdrawn |
Recess appointments |
Mean days to confirm |
Median days to confirm |
Agriculture |
16 |
18 |
16 |
16 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
67.1 |
44.0 |
Commerce |
24 |
27 |
23 |
20 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
85.3 |
64.0 |
Defense |
60 |
51 |
50 |
45 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
71.5 |
39.0 |
Education |
18 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
63.4 |
48.5 |
Energy |
23 |
21 |
20 |
19 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
72.7 |
53.0 |
Health and Human Services |
20 |
22 |
19 |
16 |
5 |
1 |
2 |
119.9 |
57.0 |
Homeland Security |
22 |
27 |
23 |
18 |
5 |
4 |
2 |
64.2 |
56.0 |
Housing and Urban Development |
14 |
12 |
12 |
11 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
46.7 |
52.0 |
Interior |
19 |
17 |
17 |
16 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
56.9 |
56.0 |
Justice |
29 |
27 |
24 |
18 |
7 |
2 |
1 |
106.9 |
56.0 |
Labor |
18 |
17 |
17 |
14 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
95.5 |
76.5 |
State |
48 |
42 |
42 |
39 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
58.9 |
51.0 |
Transportation |
20 |
18 |
18 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
53.1 |
32.5 |
Treasury |
27 |
22 |
18 |
17 |
5 |
0 |
2 |
96.4 |
70.0 |
Veterans Affairs |
15 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
45.0 |
32.5 |
Total |
373 |
347 |
325 |
293 |
38 |
16 |
10 |
73.2 |
52.0 |
Appendix C. Abbreviations of Departments
DHS |
Department of Homeland Security |
DOC |
Department of Commerce |
DOD |
Department of Defense |
DOE |
Department of Energy |
DOI |
Department of the Interior |
DOJ |
Department of Justice |
DOL |
Department of Labor |
DOS |
Department of State |
DOT |
Department of Transportation |
DVA |
Department of Veterans Affairs |
ED |
Department of Education |
HHS |
Department of Health and Human Services |
HUD |
Department of Housing and Urban Development |
TREAS |
Department of the Treasury |
USDA |
Department of Agriculture |
Acknowledgments
Maureen Bearden, who is no longer at CRS, assisted in the collection of data used in this report.
1. |
Full-time departmental PAS positions that are not covered in this report include U.S. attorney and U.S. marshal positions in the Department of Justice; most Foreign Service and diplomatic positions in the Department of State; officer corps positions in the civilian uniformed services of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the Department of Commerce, and of the Public Health Service in the Department of Health and Human Services; and the officer corps in the military services. |
2. |
During the 112th Congress, the enactment of P.L. 112-166 removed the advice and consent requirements for certain positions, changing the appointment process of those individuals to consist of presidential appointment without Senate confirmation. Those changes are not addressed in this report. |
3. |
For a list of nominations made to full-time positions in other agencies, see CRS Report R42932, Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Independent and Other Agencies During the 111th Congress, by [author name scrubbed], [author name scrubbed], and [author name scrubbed], and CRS Report R43238, Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions on Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and Commissions, 111th Congress, by [author name scrubbed], [author name scrubbed], and [author name scrubbed]. |
4. |
Art. II, Section 2, cl. 2 provides that the President "shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments." A succinct historical and contemporary overview of the appointment power is found in [author name scrubbed], "Appointment Powers," in his Constitutional Conflicts between Congress and the President, 5th ed., rev. (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2007), pp. 21-47. |
5. |
Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1, 126 (1976). For further information on the distinction between officers and employees of the United States, as well as the distinction between principal and inferior officers, see CRS Report R40856, The Debate Over Selected Presidential Assistants and Advisors: Appointment, Accountability, and Congressional Oversight, by [author name scrubbed] et al. |
6. |
The White House process for clearing individuals for nominations differs from the process that individuals undertake to obtain a formal security clearance to be eligible for access to classified information. |
7. |
The Council for Excellence in Government's Presidential Appointee Initiative, A Survivor's Guide for Presidential Nominees, The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C., November 2000, pp. 31-32. A more recent version of this report was compiled by the National Academy of Public Administration (see footnote 10 below for full citation). |
8. |
See, for example, Michael J. Gerhardt, The Federal Appointments Process: A Constitutional and Historical Analysis (Durham: Duke University Press, 2003), pp. 29-34. |
9. |
See, for example, ibid., pp. 152-153. |
10. |
Additional information about the selection and clearance process for nominees to executive branch positions can be found in a November 2012 study which was conducted pursuant to the enactment of P.L. 112-166, the Presidential Appointment Efficiency and Streamlining Act. See Working Group on Streamlining Paperwork for Executive Nominations, Streamlining Paperwork for Executive Nominations: Report to the President and the Chairs and Ranking Members of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs and the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, November 2012, at http://www.hsgac.senate.gov/download/report-of-working-group-on-streamlining-paperwork-for-executive-nominations-final. According to this report, the Administration of President Barack Obama was not using a White House Personal Data Statement at the time of the report's publication. The Obama Administration has posted a background information form at https://apply.whitehouse.gov/sites/apply.whitehouse.gov/files/apply_whitehouse_gov_2012_1205.pdf. See also National Academy of Public Administration, A Survivor's Guide for Presidential Nominees, Washington, DC, 2013 Edition, at http://www.napawash.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/SurvivorsGuide2013.pdf. |
11. |
3 U.S.C. §102 note. |
12. |
P.L. 108-458, §7601; 118 Stat. 3856. |
13. |
5 U.S.C. §3349a. For more information on the Federal Vacancies Reform Act, see section below entitled "Temporary Appointments." |
14. |
For more information, see CRS Report RL34405, Role of Home State Senators in the Selection of Lower Federal Court Judges, by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed]. |
15. |
P.L. 105-277, Div. C, Title I, §151; 5 U.S.C. §§3345-3349d. For more on the Vacancies Act, see CRS Report RS21412, Temporarily Filling Presidentially Appointed, Senate-Confirmed Positions, by [author name scrubbed]. |
16. |
For more detailed information on this stage of the appointment process, see CRS Report RL31980, Senate Consideration of Presidential Nominations: Committee and Floor Procedure, by [author name scrubbed]. |
17. |
G. Calvin Mackenzie, The Politics of Presidential Appointments (New York: The Free Press, 1981), pp. 97-189. |
18. |
Formally, the presiding officer of the Senate makes the referrals. For more information, see Floyd M. Riddick and Alan S. Frumin, Riddick's Senate Procedure: Precedents and Practices, 101st Cong., 2nd sess., S.Doc. 101-28 (Washington: GPO, 1992), pp. 1154-8; and CRS Report RL31980, Senate Consideration of Presidential Nominations: Committee and Floor Procedure, by [author name scrubbed]. |
19. |
One example of such an occurrence was the Senate Judiciary Committee's rejection of William Lucas, whom President George H. W. Bush had nominated for Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights. Reportedly, the committee first rejected reporting the nomination favorably, then the committee rejected sending the nomination to the full Senate without any recommendation. Although the disposition of the vote was 7-7, a majority is required to report a nomination out of committee. For further information on this example, see "Senate Panel Rejects Lucas for Rights Post," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, August 2, 1989, p. 1A. |
20. |
For more information, see CRS Report RL31980, Senate Consideration of Presidential Nominations: Committee and Floor Procedure, by [author name scrubbed]. |
21. |
Although nominations are rarely rejected on the Senate floor, in the modern era, motions to invoke cloture on a nomination (and thereby initiate a process for bringing it to a vote) have sometimes failed. See CRS Report RL32878, Cloture Attempts on Nominations: Data and Historical Development, by [author name scrubbed]. |
22. |
The rule may be found in U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, Senate Manual, 110th Cong., 2nd sess., S. Doc. 110-1 (Washington: GPO, 2008), p. 58, Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate. |
23. |
For an example of a waiver of the rule, see Sen. Harry Reid, "Nominations Status Quo," Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 153, December 19, 2007, p. S16061. |
24. |
Art. II, Section 2, cl. 3. |
25. |
5 U.S.C. §5503(a). |
26. |
5 U.S.C. §5503(b). |
27. |
For further information, see CRS Report RS21308, Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions, by [author name scrubbed]; and CRS Report RL33009, Recess Appointments: A Legal Overview, by [author name scrubbed]. |
28. |
P.L. 110-161, Div. D, §709. |
29. |
See CRS Report RS21308, Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions, by [author name scrubbed]; CRS Report R42329, Recess Appointments Made by President Barack Obama, by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed]; CRS Report RL33009, Recess Appointments: A Legal Overview, by [author name scrubbed]; CRS Report WSLG379, DC Circuit Rules President Obama's Recess Appointments Unconstitutional, by [author name scrubbed]; and CRS Report R43030, The Recess Appointment Power After Noel Canning v. NLRB: Constitutional Implications, by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed], The Recess Appointment Power After Noel Canning v. NLRB: Constitutional Implications, by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed]. |
30. |
At the end of the second session, the Senate structured its 2010 pre-election break as a series of shorter recesses separated by pro forma sessions. In this case, the use of the practice reportedly stemmed from a lack of agreement between the Senate majority leader and the Senate minority leader regarding the disposition of pending nominations over the break. Brian Friel, "Senate to Block Recess Appointments," CQ Today Online News, September 29, 2010, available at http://www.cq.com/doc/news-3743961?wr=bGFldXRDRDVoeG9ZMzFpS0g4Y3pRdw. |
31. |
5 U.S.C. §§3345-3349d. |
32. |
For more on the Vacancies Act, see CRS Report 98-892, The New Vacancies Act: Congress Acts to Protect the Senate's Confirmation Prerogative, by [author name scrubbed]. |
33. |
Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate provides that "Nominations neither confirmed nor rejected during the session at which they are made shall not be acted upon at any succeeding session without being again made to the Senate by the President; and if the Senate shall adjourn or take a recess for more than thirty days, all nominations pending and not finally acted upon at the time of taking such adjournment or recess shall be returned by the Secretary to the President, and shall not again be considered unless they shall again be made to the Senate by the President." U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, Senate Manual, 110th Cong., 2nd sess., S. Doc. 110-1 (Washington: GPO, 2008), p. 58. |
34. |
The methodology used in this report to count the length of time between nomination and confirmation differs from that which was used in similar CRS reports prior to the 110th Congress. The statistics presented here include the days during which the Senate was adjourned for its summer recesses and between sessions of Congress. The methodological change reduces the direct comparability of statistics in this report with those of the earlier research. Reasons for the change include the conversion of long recesses into a series of short recesses punctuated by pro forma sessions during the 111th Congress; the fact that although committees may not be taking direct action on nominations in the form of hearings or votes, they are likely still considering and processing nominations during recesses; and a desire to be consistent with the methodology used by a majority of political scientists as well as CRS research on judicial nominations. In addition, an argument could be made that the decision to extend Senate consideration of nominees over the course of a recess is intentional, and the choice to extend this length of time is better represented by including all days, including long recesses. A more detailed explanation of this methodological change is located in Appendix E of CRS Report R41497, Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Executive Departments During the 110th Congress, 2007-2008, by [author name scrubbed], [author name scrubbed], and [author name scrubbed]. |
35. |
Though the mean is the more commonly used measure, the median is sometimes considered a better measure of central tendency because it is not influenced by extreme values in the data. The discrepancy between the median (52) and mean (72.5) number of days suggests that a small number of nominations spent a significantly longer number of days in the Senate prior to confirmation than most. |
36. |
Sources include the Senate nominations database of the Legislative Information System http://www.congress.gov/nomis/, the Congressional Record (daily edition), the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, telephone discussions with agency officials, agency websites, the United States Code, and the 2008 "Plum Book" (U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Government Policy and Supporting Positions, committee print, 110th Cong., 2nd sess., November 12, 2008, S. Prt. 110-36 (Washington: GPO, 2008)). |
37. |
The data on incumbents at the end of the 111th Congress were collected as of the Senate's last day of business on December 22, 2010. Beginning on December 23, agency officials were contacted and the lists of incumbents were finalized. |
38. |
As noted above, the following full-time positions are not included in this report: U.S. attorney and U.S. marshal positions in the Department of Justice; Foreign Service and diplomatic positions in the Department of State; most officer corps positions in the civilian uniformed services of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the Department of Commerce, and of the Public Health Service in the Department of Health and Human Services; and the officer corps in the military services. |