The 2013 Farm Bill: A Comparison of the
Senate-Passed (S. 954) and House-Passed
(H.R. 2642, H.R. 3102) Bills with Current Law

Ralph M. Chite, Coordinator
Section Research Manager
October 18, 2013
Congressional Research Service
7-5700
www.crs.gov
R43076


The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954, H.R. 2642, and H.R. 3102 with Current Law

Summary
Congress periodically establishes agricultural and food policy in an omnibus farm bill. The 113th
Congress faces reauthorization of the current five-year farm bill (the Food, Conservation, and
Energy Act of 2008, P.L. 110-246), since many of its provisions expire in 2013. The 2008 farm
bill originally expired in 2012, but the 112th Congress did not complete action and instead
extended the law for one year (P.L. 112-240). The 2008 farm bill covers farm commodity support,
horticulture, livestock, conservation, nutrition assistance, trade and international food aid,
agricultural research, farm credit, rural development, bioenergy, and forestry.
The Senate Agriculture Committee approved its version of an omnibus 2013 farm bill (S. 954, the
Agriculture Reform, Food, and Jobs Act of 2013) by a vote of 15-5 on May 14, 2013. The next
day, the House Agriculture Committee marked up its version of the farm bill (H.R. 1947, the
Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013) with a vote of 36-10. The Senate
adopted S. 954 by a vote of 66-27 on June 10. The House considered H.R. 1947 and adopted
numerous amendments, but defeated the bill on June 20 by a vote of 195-234. On July 11, the
House passed a variation of the defeated bill that excluded a nutrition title but included other
adopted floor amendments (H.R. 2642) by a vote of 216-208. On September 19, the House passed
a stand-alone nutrition bill (H.R. 3102, the Nutrition Reform and Work Opportunity Act of 2013)
by a vote of 217-210. The House subsequently adopted a resolution (H.Res. 361) that combined
the texts of H.R. 2642 and H.R. 3102 into one bill (H.R. 2642) for purposes of resolving
differences with the Senate.
Within these bills are provisions that would reshape the structure of farm commodity support,
expand crop insurance coverage, consolidate conservation programs, reauthorize and revise
nutrition assistance, and extend authority to appropriate funds for many U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA) programs through FY2018.
Both the House and Senate bills would eliminate direct payments to farmers, and revise (and
rename) counter-cyclical price and revenue support programs. The House bill would repeal a
permanent law that has served as a fallback for the farm commodity support programs if current
authorities were allowed to expire, and instead makes the farm commodity programs in H.R.
2642 the new permanent law. Both bills reauthorize various disaster assistance programs.
Both the House and Senate would reauthorize the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
(SNAP, formerly food stamps), though the Senate’s reauthorization is for five years and the
House’s is for three years. Both bills restrict how a household’s receipt of Low-Income Home
Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) benefits can affect SNAP benefits. The House bill also
would restrict categorical eligibility, repeal state performance bonuses, expand drug testing for
SNAP applicants, and change several time limit and work requirements.
The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projects that if the mandatory programs of the 2008
farm bill were to continue, they would cost $973 billion over the next 10 years (FY2014-
FY2023). If enacted, the Senate-passed farm bill (S. 954) would reduce this baseline by $17.9
billion (−1.8%) over 10 years. The House-passed combination of H.R. 2642 and H.R. 3102
together would reduce spending by $51.9 billion (−5.3%) over 10 years. For nutrition programs,
the Senate bill’s reduction is $3.9 billion (−0.5%); the House bill’s reduction is $39.0 billion
(−5.1%) over 10 years. For the agriculture-related (non-nutrition) portion of the bill, the Senate
bill’s reduction is $13.9 billion (−6.7%); the House bill’s reduction is $12.9 billion (−6.2%).
Congressional Research Service

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954, H.R. 2642, and H.R. 3102 with Current Law

Contents
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1
Budgetary Impact ............................................................................................................................. 4
Title-by-Title Summaries of the Senate-Passed and House-Passed 2013 Farm Bills ...................... 6
Farm Bill Title I, Commodity Programs .................................................................................... 6
Farm Bill Title II, Conservation ................................................................................................ 8
Farm Bill Title III, Trade ........................................................................................................... 9
Farm Bill Title IV, Nutrition .................................................................................................... 10
Farm Bill Title V, Credit .......................................................................................................... 12
Farm Bill Title VI, Rural Development ................................................................................... 13
Farm Bill Title VII, Research .................................................................................................. 14
Farm Bill Title VIII, Forestry .................................................................................................. 15
Farm Bill Title IX, Energy ....................................................................................................... 15
Farm Bill Title X, Horticulture ................................................................................................ 16
Farm Bill Title XI, Crop Insurance .......................................................................................... 17
Farm Bill Title XII, Miscellaneous .......................................................................................... 18
Provisions of the Senate- and House-Passed Versions of the 2013 Farm Bill Compared
with Current Law ........................................................................................................................ 21

Figures
Figure 1. Ten-Year Scores of the Senate and House 2013 Farm Bills ............................................. 5

Tables
Title I. Commodity Programs ........................................................................................................ 21
Title II. Conservation ..................................................................................................................... 48
Title III. Trade ................................................................................................................................ 69
Title IV. Nutrition ........................................................................................................................... 78
Title V. Credit ................................................................................................................................. 93
Title VI. Rural Development ......................................................................................................... 98
Title VII. Research, Extension, and Related Matters ................................................................... 112
Title VIII. Forestry ....................................................................................................................... 126
Title IX. Energy ........................................................................................................................... 133
Title X. Horticulture..................................................................................................................... 141
Title XI. Crop Insurance .............................................................................................................. 148
Title XII. Miscellaneous .............................................................................................................. 157

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The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954, H.R. 2642, and H.R. 3102 with Current Law

Contacts
Author Contact Information......................................................................................................... 174
Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................... 174

Congressional Research Service

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954, H.R. 2642, and H.R. 3102 with Current Law

Introduction
The 113th Congress is in the midst of considering an omnibus farm bill that will establish the
direction of agricultural policy for the next several years. Many provisions of the current farm bill
(the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, P.L. 110-246) expired in 2012, but were
extended for an additional year in the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-240, the
fiscal cliff bill). The 112th Congress began work on a new farm bill but did not complete action
before the conclusion of the Congress, requiring new bills to be introduced in the 113th Congress.
The Senate Agriculture Committee reported its version of the 2013 omnibus farm bill on May 14,
2013 (S. 954, the Agriculture Reform, Food and Jobs Act of 2013), by a vote of 15-5. Floor action
began during the week of May 20, 2013, and concluded on June 10, 2013, when the full Senate
approved the measure by a vote of 66-27. While the bill was being debated in the Senate,
approximately nine amendments were adopted and six were rejected. Adopted amendments
included a reduction in crop insurance premium subsidies for a producer with an adjusted gross
income above $750,000, and another that bars additional categories of ex-offenders from
receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. Attempts to modify the
sugar program, further limit SNAP spending, eliminate crop insurance subsidies for tobacco, and
require the labeling of genetically engineered foods were all defeated. More than 200 other
amendments were offered to the Senate bill, but were not considered, when an agreement could
not be reached on consolidating the amendments and limiting floor debate.
Action on a 2013 Farm Bill
Committee
Initial Floor Action
Conference Agreement
Public Law
House
Senate
House
Senate
Report
House
Senate
5/15/2013
5/14/2013
6/20/2013
6/10/2013
— — — —
H.R. 1947
S. 954
H.R. 1947
S. 954
Vote of
Vote of
Fails: Vote of
Vote of
36-10
15-5
195-234
66-27
H.Rept. 113- S.Rept. 113-
92a
88
7/11/2013


H.R. 2642
Vote of
216-208
9/19/2013
H.R. 3102
Vote of
217-210
9/28/2013
H.Res. 361
combines
H.R. 2642
and H.R.
3102
Source: CRS.
a. After H.R. 1947 was reported by the House Agriculture Committee on 5/15/2013, the bill was amended by
the House Judiciary Committee on 6/10/2013 with respect to rulemaking procedures. See H.Rept. 113-92,
Part 2 for its report.
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The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954, H.R. 2642, and H.R. 3102 with Current Law

On May 15, 2013, the House Agriculture Committee completed markup of its version of the bill
(H.R. 1947, the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013) and approved the
revised measure by a 36-10 vote. The bill was subsequently referred to the House Judiciary
Committee, which revised the bill to ensure that certain dairy programs were subject to standard
rulemaking procedures. Floor action on the House bill was conducted during the week of June 17,
when numerous amendments were adopted to the committee bill. However, the amended bill was
defeated by a vote of 195-234 on June 20.
Three weeks later, the full House debated a variation of the defeated bill that dropped all of the
nutrition title but included all of the earlier adopted floor amendments to the other titles. This
revised bill (H.R. 2642) was approved by the House by a 216-208 vote on July 11. In order to
initiate conference committee negotiations with the House, the Senate on July 18 substituted the
text of H.R. 2642 with the text of S. 954. On September 19, the House passed a stand-alone
nutrition bill (H.R. 3102) by a vote of 217-210.1 The House adopted a resolution (H.Res. 361) on
September 28 that combined the texts of H.R. 2642 and H.R. 3102 into one bill (H.R. 2642) for
purposes of resolving differences with the Senate. Conference on the two measures is pending.
Within the various titles of S. 954 and the combined H.R. 2642 and H.R. 3102, as passed by their
respective chambers, are provisions that would reshape the structure of farm commodity support,
expand crop insurance coverage, consolidate conservation programs, reauthorize and revise
nutrition assistance, and extend authority to appropriate funds for many U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA) discretionary programs through FY2018. Both the House and Senate
proposals would eliminate direct payments to farmers and revise (and rename) counter-cyclical
price and revenue support programs. S. 954 and H.R. 3102 reauthorize and revise the
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly food stamps).
This report begins with a brief overview of the estimated budgetary impact of the House and
Senate farm bills, followed by a summary comparison of the major provisions of each title. A
side-by-side section comprehensively compares all of the provisions in S. 954 as passed by the
Senate (now also referred to as the Senate amendment to H.R. 2642) and the latest House-passed
version of H.R. 2642 (which includes the provisions of H.R. 3102 as a new Title IV to H.R. 2642)
with each other, and with current law or policy.
The current law column of the side-by-side tables reflects the provisions of the 2008 farm bill
(P.L. 110-246) as amended by the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-240), which
extended most of the 2008 farm bill provisions for an additional year.

1 In most ways, H.R. 3102 resembles the nutrition title of H.R. 1947, as amended on the floor, but it differs in five
major ways that are explained in the Title IV summary of this report.
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The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954, H.R. 2642, and H.R. 3102 with Current Law


2013 Farm Bill: Key CRS Policy Staff
Legislative Issues
Name/Title
Phone
E-mail
Farm Bill Budget
Jim Monke
7-9664 jmonke@crs.loc.gov

Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Farm Safety Net (Commodity
Dennis A. Shields
7-9051 dshields@crs.loc.gov

Support, Crop Insurance, and
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Disaster Assistance)
Dairy Policy
Randy Schnepf
7-4277 rschnepf@crs.loc.gov

Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Sugar Policy
Remy Jurenas
7-7281 rjurenas@crs.loc.gov

Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Conservation and Environment
Megan Stubbs
7-8707 mstubbs@crs.loc.gov
Specialist in Agricultural Conservation
and Natural Resources Policy
Agricultural Trade and
Charles E. Hanrahan
7-7235 chanrahan@crs.loc.gov

International Food Aid
Senior Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Domestic Food and
Randy Alison Aussenberg
7-8641 raussenberg@crs.loc.gov
Nutrition Assistance
Analyst in Nutrition Assistance Policy
Agricultural Credit
Jim Monke
7-9664 jmonke@crs.loc.gov

Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Rural Development
Tadlock Cowan
7-7600 tcowan@crs.loc.gov

Analyst in Natural Resources and Rural
Development
Agricultural Research
Dennis A. Shields
7-9051 dshields@crs.loc.gov
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Forestry Katie
Hoover
7-9008 khoover@crs.loc.gov
Analyst in Natural Resources Policy
Agriculture-Based
Randy Schnepf
7-4277 rschnepf@crs.loc.gov
Biofuels/Bioenergy
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Horticulture and Organic
Renée Johnson
7-9588 rjohnson@crs.loc.gov
Agriculture
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Livestock/Animal Agriculture
Joel L. Greene
7-9877 jgreene@crs.loc.gov
Analyst in Agricultural Policy
EPA-Related Issues
Claudia Copeland
7-7227 ccopeland@crs.loc.gov
Specialist in Resources and Environmental
Policy
Rulemaking Process
Maeve P. Carey
7-7775 mcarey@crs.loc.gov
Analyst in Government Organization and
Management
Farm Labor
Gerald Mayer
7-7815 gmayer@crs.loc.gov
Analyst in Labor Policy

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The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954, H.R. 2642, and H.R. 3102 with Current Law

Budgetary Impact2
The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projects that the mandatory programs of the 2008 farm
bill, if they were to continue, would cost $973 billion over the next 10 years (FY2014-FY2023).3
This amount consists of $764 billion for nutrition programs, primarily the Supplemental Nutrition
Assistance Program (SNAP), and $208 billion for non-nutrition agriculture-related programs.
This “baseline” has been reduced by $6.4 billion to reflect the effects of sequestration over the
10-year baseline,4 all of which has come from the agriculture-related portion since SNAP is
generally exempt from sequestration.5
Compared to this post-sequestration baseline, the Senate-passed farm bill (S. 954), would reduce
spending by $17.9 billion (−1.8%) over 10 years.6 The House-passed combination of H.R. 2642
and H.R. 3102 together would reduce spending by $51.9 billion (−5.3%) over 10 years.7
• For nutrition programs, the Senate bill’s reduction in S. 954 is $3.9 billion
(−0.5%) over 10 years; the House bill’s reduction in nutrition in H.R. 3102 is
$39.0 billion (−5.1%) over 10 years.
• For the agriculture-related (non-nutrition) portion of the bill, the Senate bill’s
reduction is $13.9 billion (−6.7%) over 10 years. The House bill’s reduction in
agriculture-related programs in H.R. 2642 is $12.9 billion (−6.2%) over 10 years.
If sequestration were repealed and the baseline were increased by the $6.4 billion adjustment that
has been taken (restoring the baseline to $979 billion), the Senate-passed bill would reduce
spending by $24 billion over 10 years, and the combined House-passed bill by $58 billion.
The net projected spending by these farm bills over the next 10 years, if they were enacted, would
be the same whether one quotes pre- or post-sequestration amounts. The Senate bill would spend
an estimated $955 billion, of which $195 billion is for the agriculture-related portion; the House
bills together would spend $921 billion, of which $196 billion is for the agriculture portion.
The net reduction in each bill is composed of some titles receiving more funding than in the past,
while other titles provide offsets, some of which contributes to deficit reduction. Figure 1
illustrates the budgetary impacts of changes to each title in each bill. The Table contains the data
in tabular form and includes an estimate of the proposed outlays under the draft legislation. More
background and detail on the budget available to write the farm bill, the CBO scores of each bill,
and other budgetary issues are available in CRS Report R42484, Budget Issues Shaping a Farm
Bill in 2013
.

2 This section was written by Jim Monke, Specialist in Agricultural Policy.
3 The May 14, 2013, CBO baseline for the Commodity Credit Corporation is available at http://cbo.gov/publication/
44202, and for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program at http://cbo.gov/publication/44211.
4 The effect of sequestration on the baseline and scores is explained in the initial CBO estimates of the farm bill drafts
prior to markup for the Senate farm bill (p. 2 and Table 4, at http://cbo.gov/publication/44175, May 13, 2013) and the
House bill (p. 2 and Table 4, at http://cbo.gov/publication/44177, May 13, 2013).
5 See CRS Report R42050, Budget “Sequestration” and Selected Program Exemptions and Special Rules.
6 CBO cost estimate of S. 954 as reported (http://cbo.gov/publication/44248, May 17, 2013).
7 CBO cost estimates of H.R. 2642 as introduced (http://cbo.gov/publication/44414, July 11, 2013), and H.R. 3102 as
introduced (http://cbo.gov/publication/44583, September 16, 2013).
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The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954, H.R. 2642, and H.R. 3102 with Current Law

Figure 1. Ten-Year Scores of the Senate and House 2013 Farm Bills
(change in outlays over FY2014-FY2023 in billions of dollars by farm bill title, relative to baseline)

Source: CRS, using CBO cost estimates of S. 954, H.R. 2642, and H.R. 3102.
2013 Farm Bill Budget: Baseline, Scores, and Proposed Outlays, by Title
(outlays in millions of dollars, 10-year total FY2014-FY2023)
CBO Score of Bill
Outlays Proposed
(change to baseline)
(Baseline + Score)
CBO
H.R. 2642
H.R. 2642
2013 Farm Bill Titles
baseline S.
954 H.R. 3102
S. 954
H.R. 3102
Commodities 58,765
-17,442
-18,699
41,323
40,066
Conservation 61,567
-3,511
-4,827
58,056
56,740
Trade 3,435
150
150
3,585
3,585
Credit -2,240
0
0
-2,240
-2,240
Rural
Development
13 228 96 241 109
Research
111 781 760 892 871
Forestry 3
10
5
13
8
Energy
243 880 0
1,123 243
Horticulture 1,061
250
555
1,311
1,616
Crop Insurance
84,105
4,999
8,914
89,104
93,019
Miscel aneous (NAP)
1,410
-294
161
1,116
1,571
Subtotal, without nutrition
208,473
-13,949
-12,885
194,524
195,588
Nutrition (for House, H.R. 3102)
764,432
-3,944
-38,999
760,488
725,433
Total 972,905
-17,893
-51,884
955,012
921,021
Source: CRS, using the CBO baseline (May 2013) and CBO cost estimates of S. 954, H.R. 2642, and H.R. 3102.
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The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954, H.R. 2642, and H.R. 3102 with Current Law

Title-by-Title Summaries of the Senate-Passed and
House-Passed 2013 Farm Bills

Farm Bill Title I, Commodity Programs8
Under both the Senate-passed (S. 954) and House-passed (H.R. 2642) 2013 farm bills, farm
support for traditional program crops is restructured by eliminating direct payments,9 the counter-
cyclical price (CCP) program, and the Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) program.
Authority is continued for marketing assistance loans, which provide additional low-price
protection at “loan rates” specified in current law (with an adjustment made to the cotton loan
rate). Direct payments account for most of current commodity spending and are made to
producers and landowners based on historical production of corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, rice,
peanuts, and other “covered” crops. Approximately three-fourths of the 10-year, $46 billion-$47
billion in savings associated with the proposed elimination of current farm programs would be
used to offset the cost of revising farm programs (Title I), adding permanent disaster assistance
(Title I), and enhancing crop insurance (Title XI). The two bills provide programs for covered
crops, except cotton, which would have its own program (see “Farm Bill Title XI, Crop
Insurance”). Importantly, the Senate bill suspends permanent price support authority under the
Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 and Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1949 until program
authority in S. 954 expires in 2018, while the House bill repeals permanent law and provides no
expiration date for the commodity support programs authorized in H.R. 2642.
Both S. 954and H.R. 2642 borrow conceptually from current farm programs in order to enhance
price or revenue protection for producers.
Both bills retain a counter-cyclical price program that makes a farm payment
when prices for covered crops decline below certain levels. It is renamed Adverse
Market Payments or AMP in S. 954 and Price Loss Coverage or PLC in H.R.
2642. To better protect producers in a market downturn, the price guarantees
(called “reference prices” in both bills) that determine payment levels are set in
statute and increased relative to current parameters (called “target prices”). A
broad exception applies in S. 954 to the reference price for crops other than rice
and peanuts, where it is calculated as 55% of a rolling five-year average
(excluding the high and low years).10
S. 954 continues current policy by making payments on 85% of historical
plantings
(or “base acres”), a provision designed to minimize the program’s
effect on planting decisions. In contrast, the House bill pays on 85% of planted
acreage
to better align payments with producer risk.
Both bills retain a revenue-based program designed to cover a portion of a
farmer’s out-of-pocket loss (referred to as “shallow loss”). It is renamed

8 This section was written by Dennis A. Shields (farm commodity support), Randy Schnepf (dairy), Remy Jurenas
(sugar), and Jim Monke (payment limits), all Specialists in Agricultural Policy.
9 Direct payments continue at a reduced level in the House bill for cotton in crop years 2014 and 2015.
10 The 2012 Senate-passed farm bill (S. 3240) did not provide for a counter-cyclical price program, and an amendment
to eliminate AMP for crops other than rice and peanuts failed during committee mark-up of S. 954.
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The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954, H.R. 2642, and H.R. 3102 with Current Law

Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) in S. 954 and Revenue Loss Coverage or
(RLC) in H.R. 2642. Payments are made on planted acres when actual crop
revenue drops below a specified percentage of historical or “benchmark” revenue
(88% in S. 954 and 85% in H.R. 2642). In the Senate bill under ARC, farmers
can select coverage at either the county or individual farm level, and any
payments are made in addition to AMP. In the House bill, coverage under RLC is
available at only the county level, and the program is not available in
combination with PLC.11
Five disaster programs were established in the 2008 farm bill for weather-induced losses in
FY2008-FY2011. Both 2013 farm bills retroactively reauthorize four programs covering livestock
and tree assistance, specifically FY2012-FY2018 for the Senate bill and beginning FY2012 and
continuing without an expiration date for the House bill. The crop disaster program from the 2008
farm bill (i.e., Supplemental Revenue Assistance, or SURE) is not reauthorized in either bill, but
elements of it are folded into the new ARC in the Senate bill by allowing producers to protect
against farm-level revenue losses (not included in the House bill). S. 954 also provides disaster
benefits to tree fruit producers who suffered crop losses in 2012.
Farm commodity programs have certain limits that cap payments (currently $105,000 per person)
and set eligibility based on adjusted gross income (AGI, currently a maximum of $500,000 per
person for nonfarm income and $750,000 for farm income). The two bills are somewhat similar
and diverge from current law, with S. 954 reducing the farm program payment limit to $50,000
per person for combined AMP and ARC payments and adding a $75,000 limit on loan deficiency
payments (LDPs). Under H.R. 2642, the limit for all title I payments would be $125,000, of
which LDPs would be limited to $75,000 and other payments including PLC, RLC, and
transitional direct payments to $50,000. The House bill combines peanuts into the limit with other
commodities, while the Senate bill continues separate but equal limits for peanuts. Both the
Senate and House bills change the threshold to be considered “actively engaged” and to qualify
for payments, by effectively requiring personal labor in the farming operation. Both bills also
tighten limits on AGI, with a combined AGI limit of $750,000 in S. 954 and $950,000 in H.R.
2642. The House bill caps overall farm program spending at $16.96 billion for FY2014-FY2020
for combined payments under Price Loss Coverage and Revenue Loss Coverage (collectively
called Farm Risk Management Election).
For dairy policy, both bills contain similar, significant changes, including elimination of the dairy
product price support program, the Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) program, and export
subsidies. These are replaced by a new program, which makes payments to participating dairy
producers when the national margin (average farm price of milk minus average feed costs) falls
below $4.00 per hundredweight (cwt.), with coverage at higher margins available for purchase. A
provision in S. 954 makes participating producers subject to a separate program, which reduces
incentives to produce milk when margins are low—this provision is not present in H.R. 2642. In
addition, H.R. 2642 requires USDA to adhere to standard rulemaking procedures and to
determine the market impacts of the new program during the rulemaking process. Separately,
federal milk marketing orders have permanent statutory authority and continue intact. However,

11 RLC makes payments to producers for each planted crop when actual countywide crop revenue is below 85% of
historical revenue (i.e., the producer absorbs the first 15% of the shortfall). In contrast, for ARC, the revenue guarantee
is set at 88% of historical revenue (i.e., the producer absorbs the first 12% of the shortfall) at either the county or farm
level (to cover more localized losses). In both cases, the government then pays for the next 10% of the loss. Any
remaining losses are backstopped by crop insurance if purchased by the producer.
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The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954, H.R. 2642, and H.R. 3102 with Current Law

S. 954 (but not H.R. 2642) includes two additional provisions: one that requires USDA to use a
specified pre-hearing procedure to consider alternative formulas for Class III milk product
pricing, and a second that requires USDA to analyze and report on the potential effects of
replacing end-product pricing with alternative pricing procedures.
The objective and structure of the sugar program are left unchanged in both bills, but the Senate
bill reauthorizes the program through the 2018 crop year, while the House bill reauthorizes the
program without an expiration date.
Farm Bill Title II, Conservation12
The current agricultural conservation portfolio includes over 20 conservation programs. The
conservation titles of both the Senate-passed (S. 954) and House-passed (H.R. 2642) farm bills
reduce and consolidate the number of conservation programs while also reducing mandatory
funding over the 10-year baseline by $3.5 billion in S. 954 and $4.8 billion in H.R. 2642.
Many of the larger existing conservation programs, such as the Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP), the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), and the Conservation Stewardship
Program (CSP), are reauthorized by both bills with smaller and similar conservation programs
“rolled” into them. In response to reduced demand and as a budget saving measure, the largest
conservation program, CRP, is reauthorized with a reduced acreage enrollment cap using a step-
down approach from the current 32 million acres to 25 million by FY2018 under S. 954 and 24
million acres under H.R. 2642. CRP also is amended to include the enrollment of grassland acres
similar to the Grasslands Reserve Program (GRP), which is repealed. These grassland acres are
limited to 1.5 million acres in S. 954 and 2 million acres in H.R. 2642. EQIP, a program that
assists producers applying conservation measures on land in production, is reauthorized by both
bills with a 5% funding carve-out for wildlife habitat practices (similar to the Wildlife Habitat
Incentives Program, WHIP, which is repealed). The Senate bill reduces budget authority for EQIP
by a total of almost $1 billion over 10 years, while the House committee bill offers no reduction
from the current $1.75 billion annually. CSP, another working lands program, is reauthorized at a
reduced enrollment level under both bills: 10.348 million acres annually under S. 954 and 8.695
million acres annually under H.R. 2642, down from 12.769 million acres annually under current
law.
Both bills create two new conservation programs—the Agricultural Conservation Easement
Program (ACEP) and the Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP)—out of several of
the existing programs. Conservation easement programs, including the Wetlands Reserve
Program (WRP), Farmland Protection Program (FPP), and GRP, are repealed and consolidated to
create ACEP. ACEP retains most of the program provisions in the current easement programs by
establishing two types of easements: wetlands easements (similar to WRP) that protect and
restore wetlands, and agricultural land easements (similar to FPP and GRP) that prevent non-
agricultural uses on productive farm or grasslands. The Agricultural Water Enhancement Program
(AWEP), Chesapeake Bay Watershed program, Cooperative Conservation Partnership Initiative
(CCPI), and Great Lakes Basin program are repealed by both bills and consolidated into the new
RCPP. RCPP uses partnership agreements with state and local governments, Indian tribes, farmer

12 This section was written by Megan Stubbs, Specialist in Agricultural Conservation and Natural Resources Policy.
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cooperatives, and other conservation organizations to leverage federal funding and further
conservation on a regional or watershed scale.
A major difference between the two bills is that the Senate-passed bill adds the federally funded
portion of crop insurance premiums to the list of program benefits that could be lost if a producer
is found to produce an agricultural commodity on highly erodible land without implementing an
approved conservation plan or qualifying exemption, or converts a wetland to crop production.
This prerequisite, referred to as conservation compliance, has existed since the 1985 farm bill and
currently affects most USDA farm program benefits, but has excluded crop insurance since 1996.
The House-passed bill offers no comparable provision.
Farm Bill Title III, Trade13
Title III of the farm bill deals with statutes concerning U.S. international food aid and agricultural
export programs. Both S. 954 and H.R. 2642, as passed by their respective chambers, reauthorize
all of the international food aid programs, including the largest, Food for Peace Title II
(emergency and nonemergency food aid). Both bills contain amendments to current food aid law
that place greater emphasis on improving the quality of food aid products (i.e., enhancing their
nutritional quality). The Senate bill places new restrictions on the practice of monetization or
selling U.S. food aid commodities in recipient countries to raise cash to finance development
projects. In this regard, S. 954 requires implementing partners such as U.S. private voluntary
organizations or cooperatives to recover 70% of the U.S. commodity procurement and shipping
costs. The Senate bill repeals the specified dollar amounts for nonemergency food aid required in
current law (the “safe box”). In place of the safe box, S. 954 provides that nonemergency food aid
be not less than 20% nor more than 30% of funds made available to carry out the program,
subject to the requirement that a minimum of $275 million be provided for nonemergency food
aid. The House bill places no limits on the practice of monetization, other than new reporting
requirements, and fixes the amount of “safe box” nonemergency assistance at $400 million
annually.
The Senate farm bill creates a new local and regional purchase program in place of the expired
local and regional procurement (LRP) pilot program of the 2008 farm bill. An adopted floor
amendment to S. 954 increased the appropriation authorization for LRP to $60 million annually
for FY2014 through FY2018, up from $40 million as reported out of committee. H.R. 2642 does
not include an LRP program.
Both bills reauthorize funding for the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Export Credit
Guarantee program and various agricultural export market promotion programs. S. 954 reduces
the value of U.S. agricultural exports that can benefit from export credit guarantees from $5.5
billion to $4.5 billion annually. The House bill retains the $5.5 billion level of guarantees. Both
bills authorize CCC funding of $200 million annually for the Market Access Program (MAP),
which finances promotional activities for both generic and branded U.S. agricultural products.
MAP had been targeted in a number of deficit reduction proposals for elimination. Authorized
CCC funding for the Foreign Market Development Program (FMDP), a generic commodity
promotion program, continues in both bills at $34.5 million annually through F2017.

13 This section was written by Charles E. Hanrahan, Senior Specialist in Agricultural Policy.
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H.R. 2642 authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to establish the position of Under Secretary of
Agriculture for Foreign Agricultural Services. S. 954 requires the Secretary, in consultation with
the House and Senate Agriculture Committees and House and Senate Appropriations Committees
to propose a plan for reorganization of the trade functions of USDA, including the establishment
of an Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs. The Secretary is
required to report on the plan 180 days after the farm bill’s enactment. Within one year of
submission of the report, the Secretary is required to implement the reorganization plan including
establishment of the Under Secretary position.
Farm Bill Title IV, Nutrition14
Of the 2013 farm bills passed by either chamber, the Senate-passed bill (S. 954) and one of the
House-passed bills (H.R. 3102) address nutrition programs. The initial House Agriculture
Committee-reported farm bill (H.R. 1947) included a nutrition title, but the bill was defeated on
the House floor. The House subsequently passed H.R. 2642 in July without a nutrition title. In
September, the House passed a separate nutrition bill (H.R. 3102, the Nutrition Reform and Work
Opportunity Act), which in most ways resembles the nutrition title of H.R. 1947 as amended on
the floor, with several key differences. An adopted House resolution (H.Res. 361) combined the
texts of H.R. 3102 and H.R. 2642, making H.R. 3102’s text Title IV in H.R. 2642.
The House-passed nutrition bill (H.R. 3102, now Title IV of H.R. 2642) would reauthorize the
nutrition programs for three years (FY2014-FY2016), while the Senate’s would reauthorize the
programs for five years (FY2014-FY2018). Throughout the farm bill formulation, some
policymakers expressed interest in separating the nutrition programs from the omnibus farm bill.
The House-passed proposal to make the authorization of nutrition programs out of sync with the
rest of the farm bill programs is a step in that direction.15
The Senate- and House–passed nutrition provisions largely would maintain the nutrition program
policies—for example, most eligibility and benefit calculation rules in SNAP—contained in the
Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 and other nutrition program authorizing statutes. However, some
of the changes proposed are estimated to reduce spending for the nutrition programs. In
particular, those changes associated with SNAP participation and benefits have been
controversial. For the Nutrition title of each bill, CBO estimates total 10-year budget savings of
$3.9 billion in the Senate-reported S. 954 and $39.0 billion in the House-introduced H.R. 3102.
(Note that CBO did not provide a score of the Senate-passed S. 954; H.R. 3102 was not amended
on the floor.)
SNAP provisions in both bills propose changes to the requirements for retailers who apply for
authorization to accept SNAP and changes to some of the rules that govern participants’ and
retailers’ redemption of SNAP benefits. Both bills would provide additional mandatory funding
for reducing SNAP trafficking (the sale of SNAP benefits for cash or ineligible goods), although
the Senate provides a larger amount. In terms of eligibility for SNAP and the calculation of
monthly benefit amounts, both bills would change how a household’s receipt of Low-Income
Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) benefits affects the household’s SNAP benefit
calculation; S. 954 would set a $10 threshold and the House bill would set a $20 threshold. In

14 This section contains material written by Randy Alison Aussenberg, Analyst in Nutrition Assistance Policy.
15 See CRS Report R42442, Expiration and Extension of the 2008 Farm Bill.
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addition, the House bill (based on provisions in H.R. 1947, as amended) also would (1) restrict
categorical eligibility, (2) repeal state performance bonuses, and (3) reduce funding for the
Nutrition Education and Obesity Prevention Grant Program, as well as other SNAP changes not
estimated to have a budgetary significance. The House bill also would make changes to the
nutrition assistance provided to the Northern Mariana Islands and Puerto Rico and authorize new
pilot projects in the areas of Employment and Training programs and retailer fraud. During
Senate floor consideration, the Senate added two SNAP amendments—one to allow certain
delivery services that serve the elderly and disabled to redeem SNAP, and another to bar
additional categories of ex-offenders from receiving SNAP benefits.
During floor consideration of the defeated H.R. 1947, the House adopted a number of
amendments to the nutrition title; nearly all of these amendments were included in H.R. 3102 and
therefore consolidated with H.R. 2642. Of these amendments, three pertained to SNAP
eligibility. The House adopted amendments to expand states’ drug testing for SNAP applicants,
to establish a state option program that would change work-related requirements and incentives
for states, and to bar additional categories of ex-offenders from receiving benefits.
As compared to the defeated H.R. 1947, the House-passed H.R. 3102 (now Title IV of H.R. 2642)
also would also make four further changes to SNAP policy (none of these changes are included in
the Senate proposal):16
1. Increased funding incentives for states to opt into a broader work
requirement. Section 4039 includes an amended version of the work-related
state option that was added during floor consideration of H.R. 1947 (amendment
introduced by Representative Southerland). This state option would allow a state
to require a broader share of its population to work and has the potential to carry
broader sanctions. Under the version included in H.R. 3102, additional funding
would be added if the option is chosen, so that a state would have a greater
incentive to opt into the pilot program rather than continue its existing SNAP
Employment & Training programs. Additionally, states that do not opt into the
state work option would lose available SNAP employment and training funding.
2. No labor-market-related waivers for able-bodied adults without dependents
(ABAWDs) who are working less than 20 hours per week. Under current law,
ABAWDs are required to work 20 hours per week or they will be limited to 3
months of SNAP benefits in a 36-month period. Currently, a state may—based on
data on the availability of jobs—request or apply for a waiver from this provision
for the entire state or parts of the state. Section 4009 of the House’s proposal
would repeal USDA’s authority to issue such waivers.
3. Reduced exemptions from the ABAWD rule. Under current law, states may
exempt a certain number of ABAWDs from the three-month time limit. These
exemptions are based on the number of ABAWDs who received benefits prior to
the enactment of the 1996 welfare reform law. In many states, because of
carryover exemptions from prior years, these exemptions exceed the estimated
total number of SNAP participants who were ABAWDs in FY2011. Section 4009

16 CRS has released a congressional memorandum, “SNAP Provisions in H.R. 3102 That Differ from SNAP Provisions
in the Nutrition Title in the House-defeated Farm Bill (H.R. 1947),” September 18, 2013. Congressional clients may
request a copy from Randy Alison Aussenberg, raussenberg@crs.loc.gov.
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of the House proposal would revise the number of exemptions allowed for
ABAWDs, basing it on 15% of SNAP ABAWD participants in FY2011.
4. No ABAWD “Pledge State” Funding. Under the ABAWD rule, states may, but
are not required to, offer an employment and training slot to an unemployed
SNAP ABAWD participant who is at risk of reaching the three-month time limit.
Federal law provides an additional $20 million in SNAP employment and
training funding to states that “pledge” to serve all ABAWDs at risk of reaching
the three-month time limit. H.R. 3102 eliminates this extra funding for states that
pledge to serve all ABAWDs (instead, funds would be contingent on opting into
the state work option proposed in Section 4039).
Of the two bills now in conference, only the House’s would increase resources for Community
Food Projects (by $10 million each year, with a carveout of $5 million of these grants for projects
that incentivize low-income households to purchase fruits and vegetables). Both proposals would
increase mandatory funding for the Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP)—the Senate
bill by $54 million over 10 years, and the House bill by $333 million over 10 years (according to
CBO). Both proposals would limit eligibility for the Commodity Supplemental Food Program
(CSFP) to low-income elderly participants, phasing out eligibility for low-income pregnant and
post-partum women, infants, and children. Both proposals would add discretionary authority for a
Healthy Food Financing Initiative, a financing mechanism to sustain and create food retail
opportunities in communities that lack access to healthy food. Only the Senate provides $100
million (over five years) in mandatory funding for Hunger-Free Communities Incentive Grants,
which would fund incentives for SNAP participants’ purchase of fruits and vegetables; neither of
these programs was included in the House bill.
The 2010 child nutrition reauthorization (Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, P.L. 111-296)
has already reauthorized WIC and the child nutrition programs through FY2015, but the 2013
farm bills do include related policies, such as farm-to-school efforts.
Farm Bill Title V, Credit17
The Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (also known as the ConAct) is the permanent
statute that authorizes USDA agricultural credit and rural development programs. USDA serves
as a lender of last resort by providing direct and guaranteed loans to farmers and ranchers who are
denied direct credit by commercial lenders but have the wherewithal to repay the loan.
Both the Senate-passed (S. 954) and House-passed (H.R. 2642) farm bills in 2013 make relatively
small policy changes to USDA’s credit programs. Both farm bills give USDA discretion to
recognize (1) alternative legal entities to qualify for farm loans and (2) alternatives to meet a
three-year farming experience requirement; and both bills increase the maximum size of down-
payment loans and facilitate loans for the purchase of highly fractionated land in Indian
reservations.
S. 954 also updates and modernizes the ConAct’s statutory language and organizes the various
programs into separate subtitles (new Subtitle A is farm loans; Subtitle B is rural development;
Subtitle C is general provisions). Generally, most of the revised ConAct provisions are

17 This section was written by Jim Monke, Specialist in Agricultural Policy.
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substantially the same, but are renumbered and reorganized. The Senate-passed bill also extends
the number of years that farmers can remain eligible for direct farm operating loans, and
eliminates term limits on guaranteed operating loans. It adds local and regional food production,
including direct-to-consumer activities, to the allowed purposes for farm operating loans.
The credit title in H.R. 2642 does not restructure the ConAct nor change any term limit
provisions. However, it does create a new microloan program that is similar to a microloan
program that USDA created administratively in the past year. It also increases the percentage of a
conservation loan that can be guaranteed, and adds another lending priority for beginning
farmers, among other changes.
For the Farm Credit Act, which governs the Farm Credit System and Farmer Mac, the Senate bill
would improve the disclosure of compensation packages for senior officers in the Farm Credit
System.
Farm Bill Title VI, Rural Development18
Like the Credit title discussed above, the Rural Development title in the Senate-passed 2013 farm
bill (S. 954) is a restructuring of the ConAct, which provides permanent authority for USDA to
carry out its portfolio of rural development programs. The Rural Development title in the House-
passed bill (H.R. 2642) makes funding authorization amendments to many existing rural
development programs (at levels mostly lower than those of the Senate bill). The House-passed
bill amends the water and waste water direct and guaranteed loan program to encourage financing
by private or cooperative lenders to the maximum extent possible. The House bill also provides a
3%-5% carve-out of the Community Facilities appropriation for technical assistance, and
encourages loan guarantees. It also includes a new provision directing the Secretary of
Agriculture to begin collecting data on the economic effects of the projects that USDA Rural
Development funds, and directs the Secretary to develop simplified applications for funding.
The Senate-passed bill consolidates various rural water and wastewater assistance programs and
the Community Facilities loan and grant program into a new Rural Community Program category,
and establishes criteria for which rural communities will receive priority in making loan and grant
awards. The restructuring of the ConAct also eliminates several business programs, but
consolidates many of their objectives into a broad program of Business and Cooperative
Development grants. Separately, S. 954 provides a total of $228 million in new mandatory rural
development funding over 10 years, including funds for the Value-Added Producer Grant
Program ($12.5 million annually for FY2014-FY2018) and the Rural Microentrepreneur
Assistance Program ($3 million annually for FY2014-FY2018), and $150 million in mandatory
spending for pending rural development loans and grants. The House bill increases mandatory
spending by $96 million over 10 years including $50 million more for the Value-Added Producer
Grant program over 10 years, and an additional $46 million for Rural Economic Development
Loans and Grants.
S. 954 retains the definition of “rural” and “rural area” for purposes of program eligibility and
makes it the basis for all rural development programs. The definition of “rural area” for electric
and telephone programs is eliminated by S. 954, and the definition becomes the same as for other

18 This section was written by Tadlock Cowan, Analyst in Natural Resources and Rural Development.
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rural programs. The bill retains the 2008 farm bill provision permitting communities that might
otherwise be ineligible for USDA Rural Development funding to petition USDA to designate
their communities as “rural in character,” thereby making them eligible for program support. S.
954 also eliminates the existing statutory definition of “rural” and “rural areas” for water and
waste water programs and community facilities, but permits areas currently deemed as rural to
remain eligible for these programs, unless USDA determines that they are no longer “rural in
character.” The Senate bill also amends the definition of rural area in the 1949 Housing Act so
that areas deemed rural between 2000 and 2010 would retain that designation until USDA
receives data from the 2020 decennial census. The provision also raises the population threshold
for eligibility from 25,000 to 35,000.
Included in both the House and Senate bills is reauthorization of funding for programs under the
Rural Electrification Act of 1936, including the Access to Broadband Telecommunications
Services in Rural Areas Program and the Distance Learning and Telemedicine Program. The
Senate bill also establishes a new grant program for the Access to Broadband
Telecommunications Services in Rural Areas Program in addition to its current loan guarantee
program. The Senate bill also creates a new pilot program for “ultra-high speed” broadband
connectivity. The Delta Regional Authority and the Northern Great Plains Regional Authority are
reauthorized by both bills, but the Senate bill makes various technical changes to the
organizational structure and operation of the two authorities.
Farm Bill Title VII, Research19
USDA is authorized under various laws to conduct agricultural research at the federal level, and
provides support for cooperative research, extension, and post-secondary agricultural education
programs in the states. Both the Senate-passed (S. 954) and the House-passed (H.R. 2642) 2013
farm bills reauthorize funding for these activities through FY2018, subject to annual
appropriations, and amend authority so that only competitive grants can be awarded under certain
programs.
In both bills, mandatory funding is increased for the Specialty Crop Research Initiative ($416
million over 10 years in the Senate bill and $555 million in the House bill) and the Organic
Agricultural Research and Extension Initiative ($80 million over 10 years in the Senate bill and
$100 million in the House bill). Also, mandatory funding is continued for the Beginning Farmer
and Rancher Development Program in both the Senate bill ($85 million) and House bill ($100
million).
New in S. 954 is mandatory funding of $200 million to establish the Foundation for Food and
Agriculture Research, a nonprofit corporation designed to supplement USDA’s basic and applied
research activities. It will solicit and accept private donations to award grants for collaborative
public/private partnerships with scientists at USDA and in academia, nonprofits, and the private
sector.

19 This section was written by Dennis A. Shields, Specialist in Agricultural Policy.
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Farm Bill Title VIII, Forestry20
General forestry legislation is within the jurisdiction of the Agriculture Committees, and past
farm bills have included provisions addressing forestry assistance, especially on private lands.
Both the House-passed (H.R. 2642) and Senate-passed (S. 954) 2013 farm bills generally repeal,
reauthorize, and modify existing programs and provisions under two main authorities: the
Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act (CFAA), as amended, and the Healthy Forests Restoration
Act of 2003 (HFRA), as amended.
Most federal forestry assistance programs are permanently authorized, and thus do not require
reauthorization in the farm bill. The House-passed bill, however, amends several forestry
assistance programs by replacing their permanent authority to receive annual appropriations of
such sums as necessary with a set level of appropriations through FY2018. The Senate-passed bill
limits permanent authority for one program. Both bills repeal programs that have expired or have
never received appropriations.
Both bills also include provisions that address the management of the national forest system. For
example, both bills include provisions reauthorizing stewardship contracting, requiring revised
strategic plans for forest inventory and analysis, and adding alternatives for addressing insect
infestations and disease. The House bill also includes provisions to modify the existing public
notice, comment, and appeals process for land and resource management plans and projects.
Farm Bill Title IX, Energy21
USDA renewable energy programs have been used to incentivize research, development, and
adoption of renewable energy projects, including solar, wind, and anaerobic digesters. However,
the primary focus of USDA renewable energy programs has been to promote U.S. biofuels
production and use. Cornstarch-based ethanol dominates the U.S. biofuels industry. The 2008
farm bill attempted to refocus U.S. biofuels policy initiatives in favor of non-corn feedstocks,
especially the development of the cellulosic biofuels industry. The most critical programs to this
end are the Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP), which assists farmers in developing
nontraditional crops for use as feedstocks for the eventual production of cellulosic biofuels, and
the Renewable Energy for America Program (REAP), which has funded a variety of biofuels-
related projects including the installation of blender pumps to help circumvent the emerging
blend wall that could potentially circumscribe domestic ethanol consumption near current levels
of about 13 billion gallons.22
All of the major farm bill energy programs expire at the end of FY2013 and lack baseline funding
going forward. Both the Senate-passed (S. 954) and House-passed (H.R. 2642) bills extend most
of the renewable energy provisions of the farm bill, with the exception of the Rural Energy Self-
Sufficiency Initiative, the Forest Biomass for Energy Program, the Biofuels Infrastructure Study,
and the Renewable Fertilizer Study which are either omitted or explicitly repealed by both bills.

20 This section was written by Katie Hoover, Analyst in Natural Resources Policy.
21 This section was written by Randy Schnepf, Specialist in Agricultural Policy.
22 The blend wall represents a ceiling on domestic ethanol consumption at 10% of the nation’s transportation supply of
gasoline-like fuels based on vehicle and infrastructure (fuel storage tanks, retail pumps, etc.) limitations. For more
information, see CRS Report R40155, Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): Overview and Issues.
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In addition, S. 954 omits the Repowering Assistance Program, while H.R. 2642 adds a new
reporting requirement on energy use and efficiency at USDA facilities. Otherwise, the primary
difference between the House and Senate bills is in the source of funding. Over their five-year
reauthorization period (FY2014-2018), the Senate bill contains a total of $880 million in new
mandatory funding and authorizes $1.140 billion to be appropriated for the various farm bill
renewable energy programs. In contrast, H.R. 2642 contains no mandatory funding for these
programs, while authorizing $1.405 billion over the five years, subject to annual appropriations.
In addition, the House bill eliminates all support for the collection, harvest, storage, and
transportation (CHST) component of BCAP, severely limiting its potential effectiveness as an
incentive to produce cellulosic feedstocks.
Farm Bill Title X, Horticulture23
The horticulture titles of S. 954 and H.R. 2642 reauthorize many of the existing farm bill
provisions supporting farming operations in the specialty crop and certified organic sectors. CBO
estimates a total increase in mandatory spending of $197 million (FY2014-FY2018) for Title X in
the Senate-passed bill and $279 million in the House-passed bill. Many Title X provisions fall
into the categories of marketing and promotion; organic certification; data and information
collection; pest and disease control; food safety and quality standards; and local foods. The House
bill also includes provisions that are not in the Senate bill that would provide exemptions from
certain regulatory requirements under some laws, such as the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Endangered Species Act. (Neither bill includes a
provision that was in last year’s House version of the farm bill (H.R. 6083) that would have
significantly changed the deregulation process of genetically engineered plants.)
Provisions affecting the specialty crop and certified organic sectors are not limited to the
Horticulture title, but are contained within several other titles of the farm bill. These include
programs in the research, nutrition, and trade titles, among others. Both the House and Senate
bills reauthorize (and in some cases provide for increased funding for) several key programs
benefitting specialty crop producers, including the Specialty Crop Block Grant Program, plant
pest and disease programs, USDA’s Market News for specialty crops, the Specialty Crop
Research Initiative (SCRI), and also the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (Snack Program) and
Section 32 purchases for fruits and vegetables under the Nutrition title. Both bills also reauthorize
most programs benefitting certified organic agriculture producers, including continued support
for USDA’s National Organic Program (NOP) and development of crop insurance mechanisms
for organic producers, Organic Production and Market Data Initiatives (ODI), and research
programs such as the Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative (OREI) and the
Organic Transitions Program (ORG) under the Integrated Research, Education, and Extension
Competitive Grants Program. Both bills would give USDA authority to consider an application
for a research and promotion order (or “checkoff” program) by the organic sector. One exception
is that the House bill would repeal the National Organic Certification Cost Share Program
(NOCCSP), while the Senate would maintain that program.
Programs in other farm bill titles benefitting specialty crop and certified organic producers also
include the Value-Added Producer Grant Program, Technical Assistance for Specialty Crops
(TASC), the Market Access Program (MAP), and most conservation programs (including

23 This section was written by Renée Johnson, Specialist in Agricultural Policy.
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assistance specifically for organic producers), among other programs, within the crop insurance,
credit, and miscellaneous titles. Horticulture and other titles in both the House-and Senate-passed
bills also include provisions that would expand opportunities for local food systems and also
beginning farmers and ranchers. Other provisions supporting local food producers are within the
research, nutrition (Senate bill only), and rural development titles, among others.
Farm Bill Title XI, Crop Insurance24
Both the House-passed (H.R. 2642) and the Senate-passed (S. 954) 2013 farm bills increase
funding for crop insurance relative to baseline levels by an additional $5.0 billion over 10 years in
the Senate bill and $8.9 billion in the House bill. The crop insurance title modifies the existing
federal crop insurance program, which is permanently authorized by the Federal Crop Insurance
Act. The federal crop insurance program makes available subsidized crop insurance to producers
who purchase a policy to protect against individual farm losses in yield, crop revenue, or whole
farm revenue. More than 100 crops are insurable.
With cotton not covered by the counter-cyclical price or revenue programs established in Title I
of both bills, a new crop insurance policy called Stacked Income Protection Plan (STAX) is made
available in both bills for cotton producers. The STAX policy indemnifies losses in county
revenue of greater than 10% of expected revenue but not more than the deductible level (e.g.,
25%) selected by the producer for the underlying individual policy (or not more than 30% if used
as stand-alone policy). Similarly, for other crops, both bills make available an additional policy
(i.e., not stand-alone) called Supplemental Coverage Option (SCO), based on expected county
yields or revenue, to cover part of the deductible under the producer’s underlying policy (referred
to as a farmer’s out-of-pocket loss or “shallow loss”). The farmer subsidy as a share of the policy
premium is set at 80% for STAX and 65% for SCO.
Additional crop insurance changes in both bills are designed to expand or improve crop insurance
for other commodities, including specialty crops. Provisions in both bills revise the value of crop
insurance for organic crops to reflect prices of organic (not conventional) crops. The bills require
USDA to conduct more research on whole farm revenue insurance with higher coverage levels
than currently available. Studies are also required on insuring (1) specialty crop producers for
food safety and contamination-related losses, (2) swine producers for a catastrophic disease event,
(3) producers of catfish against reduction in the margin between the market prices and production
costs, (4) commercial poultry production against business disruptions caused by integrator
bankruptcy, (5) poultry producers for a catastrophic event, and (6) producers of biomass sorghum
or sweet sorghum grown as feedstock for renewable energy. (In the Senate bill, an adopted floor
amendment requires a study for alfalfa insurance.) A peanut revenue insurance product also is
mandated. A provision in S. 954 makes payments available to producers who purchase private-
sector index weather insurance, which insures against specific weather events and not actual loss.
For conservation purposes, a provision in Title XI of S. 954 reduces crop insurance subsidies and
noninsured crop disaster assistance for the first four years of planting on native sod acreage. The
same provision in the House bill would apply only to the Prairie Pothole National Priority Area
(i.e., portions of Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota). In Title II of the
Senate bill only (§2609), crop insurance premium subsidies are available only if producers are in

24 This section was written by Dennis A. Shields, Specialist in Agricultural Policy.
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compliance with wetland conservation requirements and conservation requirements for highly
erodible land.
In the 2012 farm bill passed by the Senate in the 112th Congress, an amendment was adopted
during floor debate to reduce crop insurance premium subsidies by 15 percentage points for
producers with average adjusted gross income greater than $750,000. In 2013, the Senate
Agriculture Committee-reported version of S. 954 did not include the provision, but an
amendment to S. 954 requiring the subsidy reduction was adopted on the Senate floor by a vote of
59-33. Also in Senate floor action, an amendment to provide mandatory funding of $5 million to
maintain crop insurance program integrity was adopted, and an amendment to eliminate premium
subsidies for tobacco crop insurance was defeated. The House bill requires the U.S. Government
Accountability Office (GAO) to conduct a study regarding fraudulent claims filed, and benefits
provided under the crop insurance program.
Farm Bill Title XII, Miscellaneous25
Title XII includes provisions that cover three areas: socially disadvantaged and limited-resource
producers; livestock; and other miscellaneous. In addition, the House bill includes a fourth area
covering the Chesapeake Bay.
Both bills extend authority for outreach and technical assistance programs for socially
disadvantaged farmer and ranchers, and create a research center to develop policy
recommendations for socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers. They also add military veteran
farmers and ranchers as a qualifying group. Both bills reauthorize funding for the USDA Office
of Advocacy and Outreach, which assists socially disadvantaged and veteran farmers and
ranchers. The House bill includes a provision to amend a transparency and accountability law to
automatically provide receipts for service or denial of service to socially disadvantaged farmers
and ranchers.
The livestock provisions of both proposals renew the trichinae certification and aquatic animal
health programs that were established in the 2008 farm bill; establish an animal health laboratory
network; and require USDA to continue to administer the avian influenza surveillance program
through the National Poultry Improvement Plan.
The Senate bill establishes a grant program for research on brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, and
other priority animal diseases; sets up a grant program to study the eradication of feral swine; and
establishes a competitive grant program to improve the sheep industry. The House bill does not
contain these three provisions, and furthermore, repeals the National Sheep Industry
Improvement Center.
The livestock section of H.R. 2642 includes provisions to repeal regulations on livestock and
poultry practices that USDA finalized in December 2011, and prevents USDA from finalizing or

25 This section was written by Joel L. Greene, Analyst in Agricultural Policy (animal agriculture). Other contributors to
the Title XII side-by-side are Tadlock Cowan, Analyst in Natural Resources and Rural Development (socially
disadvantaged farmers); Jim Monke, Specialist in Agricultural Policy (USDA data collection); Claudia Copeland,
Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy (EPA); Harold F. Upton, Analyst in Natural Resources Policy (ocean
and fisheries policy); Jonathan L. Ramseur, Specialist in Environmental Policy (spill prevention); Nicole T. Carter,
Specialist in Natural Resources Policy (water resources); and Dennis A. Shields, Specialist in Agricultural Policy
(Noninsured Assistance Program).
Congressional Research Service
18

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954, H.R. 2642, and H.R. 3102 with Current Law

implementing similar rules; and repeals the 2008 farm bill provision that transferred the
inspection of catfish to USDA from the Food and Drug Administration. The bill also requires that
USDA submit three livestock-related reports to Congress. The first is an economic analysis of the
impact of the country-of-origin labeling (COOL) law and the rule that USDA proposed in March
2013 to bring the United States into compliance with World Trade Organization rules; the second,
an economic analysis of the economic impact of fraud and mislabeling on wild and farm raised
seafood; and last, a report on bovine tuberculosis in Texas.
The other miscellaneous provisions of S. 954 and H.R. 2642 make available higher coverage
levels under the Noninsured Crop Assistance Programs, prohibit attendance at animal-fighting
events, include clarifications of conditions for releasing data gathered by USDA to state or local
government agencies, include an increase in administrative expenses for three regional
development commissions that were established by the 2008 farm bill, and include grants to
promote the U.S. maple syrup industry and for technological training for farm workers. Both bills
establish a military veterans agricultural liaison within USDA to advocate for and to provide
information to veterans, and establish an Office of Tribal Relations to coordinate USDA activities
with Native American tribes.
Provisions in S. 954 that are not in H.R. 2642 include the establishment of a Pima Cotton Trust
Fund and an Agriculture Wool Apparel Manufacturers Trust Fund for users of pima cotton and
wool, and a Citrus Disease Research and Development Trust Fund for research on citrus disease.
Other miscellaneous provisions in H.R. 2642, but not in S. 954, are the High Plains Water Study,
which preserves 2013 farm bill benefits for participants in the study; flood protection for the
Missouri River basin; flood protection for agricultural interests in the Wallkill River and Black
Dirt region; prohibitions on closing Farm Service Agency (FSA) offices with high workloads; and
a prohibition on FSA employees keeping GSA-leased cars overnight. H.R. 2642 includes an
interstate commerce provision that prohibits states from imposing production standards on
agricultural products from other states, a provision to ensure high standards for agencies’ use of
scientific information, and a provision that sunsets all discretionary programs when the farm bill
expires.
Four provisions are directed at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The first provision
requires a regulatory review and economic impact statement from USDA on EPA proposals that
significantly impact agricultural entities; the second amends EPA’s spill prevention, control, and
countermeasure rule; the third prohibits EPA from disclosing producer information; and the last
provides EPA permit exemptions for certain silviculture activities.
H.R. 2642 includes provisions to protect honey bees and other pollinators, promote urban
agriculture, improve consideration of the impact of regulations on small businesses, and provide
technical assistance on produce misidentified as grown in the United States. There are two sense
of Congress provisions: one is on increased opportunities for black farmers, women, minorities,
and small businesses, and the other on the importance of chemicals in production agriculture.
H.R. 2642 requires that three reports be submitted to Congress. The Secretary of State is to
submit a report on water sharing between the United States and Mexico; the Secretary of Health
and Human Services is required to submit a scientific and economic analysis of the Food Safety
Modernization Act (21 U.S.C. 2201 et seq.); and the Inspector General of USDA is to submit a
report on the activities and resources expended on ocean policy.
Congressional Research Service
19

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954, H.R. 2642, and H.R. 3102 with Current Law

The fourth area of Title XI of H.R. 2642 includes a provision that requires OMB to prepare and
report to Congress an interagency cross-cut budget on federal and state activities on restoring the
Chesapeake Bay. The provision also directs EPA to develop a plan to provide technical and
financial assistance to Chesapeake Bay states in carrying out watershed restoration. The Senate
bill does not include these provisions.

Congressional Research Service
20


Provisions of the Senate- and House-Passed Versions of the 2013 Farm Bill
Compared with Current Law

Title I. Commodity Programs
House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Direct Payments


Direct payments (DPs) are available to
Repeals direct payments. [Sec. 1101]
Identical to the Senate bill, except payments for upland
producers on farms with base acres (historical
cotton continue for crop years 2014 and 2015 with
plantings) of covered commodities (wheat, corn,

payment acres equal to 70% of base acres in 2014 and
grain sorghum, barley, oats, upland cotton, rice,
60% in 2015. [Sec. 1101]
soybeans, and other oilseeds). [7 U.S.C. 8713]
Covers 2008-2013 crop years. Direct payment

rates are fixed in statute [7 U.S.C. 7913(b)] and
do not vary based on market price. Payment
amount = direct payment rate, times 85% of base
acres [7 U.S.C. 7911], times direct payment yield
[7 U.S.C. 7912]. (Exception: payment acreage is
83.3% of base acres for crop years 2009-2011.)
Direct payments for peanuts authorized separately.
[7 U.S.C. 8753]
Price-Based Payments


Counter-cyclical payments (CCPs) are
Repeals counter-cyclical payments. [Sec. 1102]
Repeals counter-cyclical payments. [Sec. 1102]
available for same commodities as for direct
payments plus pulse crops. [7 U.S.C. 8714] Covers Establishes program for adverse market payments
Establishes Price Loss Coverage (PLC) for producers
2008-2013 crop years. Payment rate is difference
(AMP) for crop years 2014-2018 for the same crops as
of commodities covered by CCPs except upland cotton.
between target price in statute (see below) and
those covered by CCPs (except upland cotton). Payment
Covers 2014 crop year and each succeeding crop year.
national average market price (or loan rate, if
rate is the difference between the reference price and
Payment rate is difference between reference price and
higher), minus the direct payment rate. Counter-
the 12-month national average market price (or loan
national midseason market price (or loan rate, if higher).
cyclical payments for peanuts authorized separately. rate, if higher), Covered commodities are wheat, corn,
USDA shall submit to Congress an annual report that
[7 U.S.C. 8754(a)(1)-(3)]
grain sorghum, barley, oats, long grain rice, medium grain
evaluates the impact of PLC (and RLC below) on plantings,
rice, pulse crops (dry peas, lentils, small chickpeas, and
production, prices, and program costs. [Sec. 1104-1107]
large chickpeas), soybeans, other oilseeds, and peanuts.
CRS-21


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Cotton is not covered under AMP but is eligible for the

Stacked Income Protection Plan (STAX) for producers of
upland cotton (see Title XI). USDA is required to
consider popcorn as a covered commodity. [Sections
1104-1107]

Target prices for 2013:
Reference prices:
Reference prices:
Wheat, bu., $4.17
Long grain rice, cwt., $13.30
Wheat, bu., $5.50
Corn, bu., $2.63
Medium grain rice, cwt., $13.30
Corn, bu., $3.70
Grain sorghum, bu., $2.63
Peanuts, ton, $523.77
Grain sorghum, bu., $3.95
Barley, bu., $2.63
All other covered commodities: 55% times the average
Barley, bu., $4.95
national marketing year average price for the most
Oats, bu., $1.79
recent 5 crop years, excluding each of the crop years
Oats, bu., $2.40
Upland cotton, lb., $0.7125
with the highest and lowest prices.
Upland cotton, none (covered by STAX program Title XI)
Long grain rice, cwt., $10.50

Long grain rice, cwt., $14.00
Medium grain rice, cwt., $10.50

Medium grain rice, cwt., $14.00
Soybeans, bu., $6.00

(for rice, price is increased 15% for temperate japonica
rice)
Other oilseeds, cwt., $12.68

Soybeans, bu., $8.40
Dry peas, cwt., $8.32

Other oilseeds, cwt., $20.15
Lentils, cwt., $12.81

Dry peas, cwt., $11.00
Small chickpeas, cwt., $10.36

Lentils, cwt., $19.97
Large chickpeas, cwt., $12.81

Small chickpeas, cwt., $19.04
Peanuts, ton, $495

Large chickpeas, cwt., $21.54


Peanuts, ton, $535


Payment amount = Payment rate times 85% of total
Payment amount = Payment rate times 85% of
Payment amount = Payment rate times 85% of base
acres planted to crop (and 30% of acres of “prevented
base acres times counter-cyclical program yield for
acres planted to crop times existing counter-cyclical
plantings”) times existing counter-cyclical program yield
the farm (generally based on 1998-2001 data). [7
program yield (for rice and peanuts, yields may be
(or updated yields equal to 90% of 2008-2012 average
U.S.C. 7912]
updated with 2009-2012 data). Base acres for peanuts
CRS-22


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
may be updated using 2009-2012 plantings.
yield per planted acre). Payment acres cannot exceed farm
base acres.
Payment is made on or after October 1 fol owing the
completion of the marketing year.
Payment is made on or after October 1 following the
completion of the marketing year.

Revenue-Based Payments


For covered commodities and peanuts, Average
Repeals Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE)
Repeals Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) program.
Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) payments are program. [Sec. 1103]
[Sec. 1103]
available to producers as an alternative to CCPs.
Revenue payment based on a two-part trigger: (1) if Establishes Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC)
Establishes Revenue Loss Coverage (RLC) as an
actual state revenue is less than a guaranteed state
program for crop years 2014-18 for the same crops as
alternative to PLC for 2014 crop year and each succeeding
level for the commodity, and (2) if actual farm
covered by AMP, and payment is made in addition to
crop year for the same crops as those under PLC.
revenue is less than a farm ACRE benchmark for
AMP. For ARC, producers select either farm or county
Farmers make a one-time, irrevocable election on a
the commodity. Payment amount equals the
option. The election is a one-time, irrevocable decision
commodity-by-commodity and farm-by-farm basis to
product of (1) the lesser of (a) the ACRE program
applicable to all acres under the operational control of
receive RLC payment instead of PLC. The program is
guarantee minus actual state revenue or (b) 25% of
the producers. [Sections 1104, 1105, 1108, 1110]
similar to ARC but provides for only a county revenue
the ACRE program guarantee, times (2) 83.3% (for
guarantee (i.e., no farm-level option). [Sections 1104--
Payments made on planted (or prevented from being
crop years 2009-2011) or 85% (2012-2013) of the
1107]
planted) acres when actual crop revenue (actual yield
acreage planted of the covered commodity (not to
times higher of national farm price or reference price)
Revenue loss trigger (guarantee) is based on 85% of
exceed base acres of the commodity), times (3) the
drops below 88% of the benchmark revenue (see below).
historical revenue (compared with 88% in S. 954). Actual
5-year Olympic average farm yield divided by the 5-
Per-acre payment rate equals the difference between
county revenue is actual county yield times the higher of
year Olympic average state yield (Olympic average
per-acre guarantee (88% times benchmark revenue) and
the midseason price or the loan rate.
drops lowest and highest year). For producers who
actual revenue. Maximum payment rate is 10% of
participate in ACRE, loan rates under the marketing benchmark revenue per acre. For benchmark revenue,

assistance loan program are reduced 30% and
farmer can elect either a farm option or county option:
direct payments are reduced by 20%. [7 U.S.C.
8715]


(1) Farm level: 5-year farm yield times 5-year average
No farm option available,
national price (averages exclude highest and lowest
years). Payment equals difference between the per-acre

guarantee and actual per-acre revenue times 65% of

eligible planted acres (and 45% of prevented-planted
acreage), or
CRS-23


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)

(2) County level: 5-year county yield times 5-year
Payment is made on 85% of planted acres and 30% of
average national price (averages exclude highest and
prevented planted acres.
lowest years). Payment equals the difference between the
per-acre guarantee and actual per-acre revenue times

80% of eligible planted acres (and 45% of prevented
plantings).

No comparable provision.
For all crops, reference prices (see PLC) are used as
minimum prices in the revenue guarantee.

Separate guarantees are to be calculated for irrigated and Separate guarantees are to be calculated for irrigated and
nonirrigated crops and differentiated by class of
nonirrigated crops.
sunflower seeds, barley (using malting prices), and wheat.

Eligible program acres cannot exceed average total acres
Payment acres capped at total farm base acres,
planted (or prevented from being planted) to covered
commodities and upland cotton on the farm during 2009-
2012.

Payment is made on or after October 1 fol owing the
Payment is made on or after October 1 following the
completion of the marketing year.
completion of the marketing year.

In combination with AMP/ARC, producers may purchase
Supplemental Coverage Option (SCO) is not available in
an additional insurance policy cal ed Supplemental
combination with RLC but may be purchased with PLC.
Coverage Option (SCO) under Title XI (crop insurance).
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
The total amount of PLC and RLC payments during
FY2014-2020 shal not exceed $16,956.5 million. If
necessary, individual producer payments will be reduced
to avoid exceeding program cap. [Sec. 1107(e)]
Nonrecourse Marketing Loans and Other Recourse Loans

Nonrecourse marketing loans are available for
General y continues current law to cover 2014-2018
Identical to the Senate bill except applies to 2014 crop and
any amount of a loan commodity (see list below)
crop years for all loan commodities (including peanuts).
each succeeding annual crop. [Sec. 1201]
produced in crop years 2008-2013. [7 U.S.C.
[Sec. 1201]
8731] Nonrecourse marketing loans for peanuts
are authorized separately. [7 U.S.C. 8757]

For peanuts, nonrecourse marketing loans available
in crop years 2008-2013. May be obtained through
marketing cooperative or association approved by
CRS-24


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
USDA. Storage to be provided on a non-
discriminatory basis and under any additional
requirements. Payment of peanut storage costs
authorized for 2008-2013 crops. [7 U.S.C.
8757(a)(4)-(7)]
Loan commodities and loan rates:
Loan commodities same as current law. [Sec. 1201]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1201]
Wheat, per bushel (bu.), $2.94 ($2.75 in 2008,
For 2014-2018 crop years, loan rates same as current
For 2014 and each succeeding crop year, same as the
2009)
law except for upland cotton. The loan rate for upland
Senate bill except the lower bound for the upland cotton
Corn, bu., $1.95
cotton is changed from $0.52 per lb. to the simple
loan rate is $0.47 per pound. [Sec. 1202]
Grain sorghum, bu., $1.95
average of the adjusted prevailing world price for the two
Barley, bu., $1.85
immediately preceding marketing years, but not less than
Oats, bu., $1.33
$0.45 per pound or more than $0.52 per pound. [Sec.
Upland cotton, lb., $0.52
1202]
Extra-long staple (ELS) cotton, lb., $0.7977
Long grain rice, hundredweight (cwt.), $6.50
Medium grain rice, cwt., $6.50
Soybeans, bu., $5.00
Other oilseeds, cwt., $10.09 ($9.30 in 2008, 2009)
Dry peas, cwt., $5.40 ($6.22 in 2008)
Lentils, cwt., $11.28 ($11.72 in 2008)
Small chickpeas, cwt., $7.43
Large chickpeas, cwt., $11.28 (not applicable in
2008)
Graded wool, lb., $1.15 ($1.00 in 2008, 2009)
Nongraded wool, lb., $0.40
Mohair, lb., $4.20

Honey, lb., $0.69 ($0.60 in 2008, 2009)
[7 U.S.C. 8732 (a)(b)(c)]
Peanuts, ton, $355 [7 U.S.C. 8757(b)]
Establishes a single loan rate in each county for
each kind of “other oilseeds” [7 U.S.C. 8732(d)]
Term of loans: 9 months after the day the loan is
Same as current law. [Sec. 1203]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1203]
made; no extensions. [7 U.S.C. 8733] Same term
for peanuts. [7 U.S.C. 8757(c)]
Loan repayment: Loans may be repaid at the
Same as current law. [Sec. 1204]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1204]
lesser of (1) the loan rate plus interest, (2) a rate
CRS-25


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
based on average market prices during the
preceding 30-day period, or (3) a rate determined
by USDA that will minimize forfeitures,
accumulation of stocks, storage costs, market
impediments, and discrepancies in benefits across
states and counties. Excludes upland cotton, rice,
ELS cotton, confectionery and each other kind of
sunflower seed (other than oil sunflower seed). [7
U.S.C. 8734(a)]
Provides USDA authority to
temporarily, and on a short-term basis only, adjust
the repayment rates in the event of a severe
disruption to marketing, transportation or related
infrastructure. [7 U.S.C. 8734(h)] Similar
provisions for peanuts. [7 U.S.C. 8757(d)]
For upland cotton, long grain rice, and medium
grain rice, repayment may be at the lesser of the
loan rate plus interest, or the prevailing world price
for the commodity adjusted to U.S. quality and
location. [7 U.S.C. 8734(b)]
For ELS cotton, repayment must be at the loan rate
plus interest. [7 U.S.C. 8734(c)]
For confectionery and other kinds of sunflower
seeds (other than oil sunflower seed), loans must
be repaid at the lesser of (1) the loan rate plus
interest, or (2) the repayment rate for oil sunflower
seed. [7 U.S.C. 8734(f)]
For 2008-2011 crop years, USDA provides cotton
Payments reauthorized for 2014-2018 crop years with
Payments reauthorized for 2014 crop year and each
storage payments at the same rates as provided for
20% rate reduction. [Sec. 1204]
succeeding crop year; rate reduction is 10%. [Sec. 1204]
the 2006 crop, but reduced by 10%. Beginning with
2012 crop year, the rates are reduced by 20%. [7
U.S.C. 8734(g)]

Loan deficiency payments (LDP) are available
For 2014-2018 crop years, same as current law. [Sec.
For 2014 and each succeeding crop year, same as the
to producers who agree to forego marketing loans.
1205]
Senate bill. [Sec. 1205]
LDP computed by multiplying the payment rate (the
amount that the loan rate exceeds the rate at
CRS-26


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
which a marketing loan may be repaid) for the
commodity times the quantity of the commodity
produced. Loan deficiency payments available for
unshorn pelts or hay and silage, even though they
are not eligible for marketing loans. ELS cotton is
not eligible. Payment rates determined using the
rate in effect as of the date that producers request
payment (producers do not need to lose beneficial
interest). [7 U.S.C. 8735] Same provision for
peanuts. [7 U.S.C. 8757(e)]
Payments in lieu of LDP for grazed acreage of
For 2014-2018 crop years, same as current law, except
For 2014 and each succeeding crop year, same as the
wheat, barley, oats, or triticale. [7 U.S.C. 8736]
payment is based on yield used for Agriculture Risk
Senate bill, except payment is based on yield used for
Coverage. [Sec. 1206]
Price Loss Coverage. [Sec. 1206]
Special marketing loan provisions for upland
Provisions not extended.
Provisions extended without an expiration date beginning
cotton impose a special import quota on upland
August 1, 2014. [Sec. 1207]
cotton through July 31, 2013, when price of U.S.
cotton, delivered to a definable and significant
international market, exceeds the prevailing world
market price for 4 weeks. [7 U.S.C. 8737(a)]
Limited global import quota is imposed on upland
cotton when U.S. prices average 130% of the
previous 3-year average of U.S. prices [7 U.S.C.
8737(b)]

Economic adjustment assistance to users of
Same as current law. [Sec. 1207]
Same as Senate bill except assistance begins August 1,
upland cotton provides assistance to domestic
2013. [Sec. 1207]
users of upland cotton for uses of al cotton
regardless of origin to acquire, construct, install,
modernize, develop, convert, or expand land, plant,
buildings, equipment, facilities, or machinery. Rate
was 4¢/lb. between August 1, 2008, and July 31,
2012, and declined to 3¢/lb. effective beginning
August 1, 2012. [7 U.S.C. 8737(c)]
Special competitiveness program for ELS
Same as current law through July 31, 2019. [Sec. 1208]
Same as the Senate bill except program continues without
cotton provides payments to domestic users and
an expiration date. [Sec. 1208]
exporters whenever the world market price for the
CRS-27


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
lowest priced ELS cotton is below the prevailing
U.S. price for a competing growth of ELS cotton for
a 4-week period; and the lowest priced competing
growth of ELS cotton is less than 134% of the loan
rate for ELS cotton. Effective through July 31, 2013.
[7 U.S.C. 8738]
Recourse loans for high moisture feed grains
For 2014-2018 crop years, same as current law. [Sec.
For 2014 and each succeeding crop year, same as the
and seed cotton are available for farms that
1209]
Senate bill. [Sec. 1209]
normal y harvest corn or sorghum in a high
moisture condition at rates set by the USDA. For
recourse loans for seed cotton, repayment is at
loan rate plus interest. [7 U.S.C. 8739]
Adjustments of loan rates are authorized for
Same as current law. [Sec. 1210]
Nearly identical to the Senate bill except removes certain
any commodity (other than cotton) based on
mandatory provisions to quality adjustments. [Sec. 1210]
differences in grade, type, quality, location, and
other factors. Allows county loan rates as low as
95% of the U.S. average, if it does not increase
outlays; prohibits adjustments that would increase
the national average loan rate. For cotton, loan
rates may be adjusted for differences in quality
factors. [7 U.S.C. 8740]; [7 U.S.C. 8758] for
peanuts.
Conservation Compliance/Producer Agreement

Eligibility for direct payments, counter-cyclical
Same as current law, with application to the new Adverse Same as Senate bill, with application to Price Loss
payments, or average crop revenue election
Market Payment (AMP) and Agriculture Risk Coverage
Coverage (PLC) and Revenue Loss Coverage (RLC).
payments requires producers to comply with
(ARC) programs [Sec. 1109] and continued compliance
House bill excludes requirement for production reports
conservation, wetland, and planting flexibility
requirement to receive benefits under the marketing
and use of crop insurance data. [Sec. 1108]
requirements; use base acres for agricultural or
assistance loan program. [Sec. 1201]
conserving use, and not for nonagricultural

commercial, industrial, or residential use; control
To receive ARC payments, producer must annually

noxious weeds and maintain sound agricultural
report data on production in addition to acreage. The
practices. Producers must submit annual acreage
Secretary is to use data reported by the producer for

reports for all cropland on the farm. [7 U.S.C.
crop insurance requirements to meet obligations for

8716 (a)] Same provision for peanuts. [7 U.S.C.
program payments without additional submissions to
8755(a)] Under Title II (Conservation) of the 2008 USDA. [Sec. 1109]
CRS-28


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
farm bill (P.L. 110-246), benefits under the

marketing loan program are subject to conservation
compliance for highly erodible land [16 U.S.C.
3811(a)(1)(A)]
and for Swampbuster [16 U.S.C.
3812(a)(1)]
.

See also Title II Conservation, whereby in order to
No comparable provision.
receive crop insurance premium subsidies, a producer
must be in compliance with highly erodible land
conservation requirements and wetland requirements.
[Sec. 2609]
Supplemental Agricultural Disaster Assistance (Funding expired on 9/30/11)

Beginning in 2008, five new disaster programs were
SURE is not reauthorized. Other four programs are
Same as Senate bill, except programs are authorized and
authorized and funded for disasters occurring on or reauthorized retroactively with mandatory funding from
funded without an expiration date. [Sec. 1501]
before 9/30/11. [7 U.S.C. 1531] Program funding
the Commodity Credit Corporation for FY2012 through
derived from a transfer of 3.08% of annual customs
FY2018. [Sec. 1501]

receipts to the newly created Agricultural Disaster

Relief Trust Fund. [19 U.S.C. 2497(a)] Under P.L.

112-240, al but SURE (below) reauthorized (but

not funded) for FY2012 and FY2013.
The five programs: (1) Supplemental Revenue
LIP payment rate is reduced from 75% to 65% of the
LIP payment rate remains at 75%.
Assistance (SURE) Payments for crops (not just
market value of livestock.
farm program crops); compensates producers for a
portion of losses that are not eligible for an
For LFP, payment is triggered by eligible forage losses,
For LFP, retains program language in 2008 farm bill. In
indemnity payment under a crop insurance policy;
which may be determined by either (1) drought
certain cases, farm payment amount is increased
(2) Livestock Indemnity Program (LIP), which
conditions as measured by the U.S. Drought Monitor
compared with program established in 2008 farm bill. For
compensated ranchers at a rate of 75% of market
report, or (2) low precipitation (at least 50% below
example, an eligible livestock producer that owns or
value for livestock mortality caused by a disaster;
normal level in a county during a calendar year). The
leases grazing land or pastureland that is physically located
(3) Livestock Forage Disaster Program (LFP) for
monthly payment rate is equal to 50% of estimated feed
in a county that is rated as having at least a D3 (extreme
grazing losses due to qualifying drought conditions
costs. Coverage continues for losses due to fire on public drought) intensity in any area of the county at any time
(as determined by the U.S. Drought Monitor
rangeland. LFP is to serve as the sole source of livestock
during the normal grazing period for the county is eligible
report) or fire on rangeland managed by a federal
forage assistance, combining the livestock forage
to receive assistance equal to 3 monthly payments
agency, with monthly payments equal to 60% of
assistance functions of ELAP and the noninsured crop
compared with 2 monthly payments under the 2008 farm
estimated feed costs; (4) Emergency Assistance for
disaster assistance program (NAP). Producers may also
bill.
Livestock, Honeybees, and Farm-Raised Catfish
receive assistance for eligible forage losses that occur due
to weather-related conditions other than drought or fire.
CRS-29


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
(ELAP), which provided up to $50 million annual y
Maximum funding for ELAP is $15 million annual y.
Maximum funding for ELAP is $20 million annually.
to compensate producers for disaster losses not
covered under other disaster programs; and (5)
TAP payment rate for replanting is reduced from 70% to
Same as Senate bill.
Tree Assistance Program (TAP), which provided
65%.
payments to eligible orchardists and nursery
growers to cover 70% of the cost of replanting
trees or nursery stock and 50% of the cost of
pruning/removal following a natural disaster.
Maximum payments set at $100,000 per person per Retains the combined $100,000 per person payment limit Combined payment limit of $125,000 per person for LIP,
year for first four programs combined. TAP has a
for LIP, LFP, and ELAP. Retains the separate limit of
LFP, and ELAP. Separate limit of $125,000 for TAP.
separate limit of $100,000.
$100,000 for TAP.
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Establishes a National Drought Council within USDA to
develop a comprehensive National Drought Policy Action
Plan for delineating and integrating responsibilities among
federal agencies for drought preparedness, mitigation,
research, risk management, training, and emergency relief.
[Sec. 1502]
Sugar Program


Price Support and Supply Management


Requires USDA to the maximum extent practicable
Continues al features of the current program and
Same as the Senate bill except program authority
to operate the sugar nonrecourse loan program at
maintains loan rates (18.75¢/lb. for raw cane sugar;
continues without an expiration date. [Sec. 1301]
no net cost by avoiding loan forfeitures to the CCC 24.09¢/lb. for refined beet sugar) through the 2018 crop
Continues the feedstock flexibility program through the
(i.e., no outlays recorded). [7 U.S.C. 7272 (f), 7
year. [Sec. 1301] Continues the feedstock flexibility
2018 crop year. [See Sec. 8008]
U.S.C. 1359bb (b)(1), 7 U.S.C. 1359cc (b)] USDA program (i.e., sugar-to-ethanol program) through the
is directed to maintain market prices above loan
2018 crop year. [See Sec. 9008 in Title IX -Energy]
rates by (1) limiting amount of sugar that
processors of sugar beets and sugarcane sell to the
U.S. market under marketing allotments, (2)
restricting imports under a quota (see below), and
(3) operating the feedstock flexibility program for
bioenergy producers (i.e., sugar-to-ethanol
program) under specified conditions, . [7 U.S.C.
1359aa et seq., 7 U.S.C. 8110]

CRS-30


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Increases in stages raw cane sugar loan rate from
18.0¢/lb. in FY2009 to 18.75¢/lb. in FY2012, and
refined beet sugar loan rate from 22.9¢/lb. in
FY2009 to 24.09¢/lb. in FY2012. Continues other
provisions found in prior law. [7 U.S.C. 7272 (a, b,
c, d, e, g, h, i)]
Limits amount of sugar for food that processors
can sell each year (equal to a national “overall
al otment quantity” (OAQ) divided between
sugarcane and sugar beet sectors, and then
allocated to individual processors). Requires USDA
each year to set the OAQ at not less than 85% of
estimated U.S. human consumption. [7 U.S.C.
1359aa-1359jj, 1359ll]

Import Quotas


For each marketing year, requires USDA by
Same as current law.
Same as current law.
October 1 to set the initial sugar import quota at
1.256 mill. short tons – the minimum spelled out in

a U.S. multilateral trade commitment to other
World Trade Organization member countries.
Stipulates that this quota can only be raised before
the midpoint of the year (April 1) in case of an
emergency sugar shortage caused by a weather
disaster, war, or a similar event determined by the
Secretary, and specifies the steps that must be
followed to increase imports in the event of such a
shortage. For each marketing year, grants USDA
discretionary authority to increase the sugar quota
beginning on April 1. [7 U.S.C. 1359 kk]
Dairy Programs


Repeal or Reauthorization of Dairy Programs


Dairy Product Price Support Program.
Repealed. [Sec. 1471(a)]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1411(a)]
Mandates the direct support of cheese, nonfat dry
milk, and butter at specified prices for five years
CRS-31


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
(through December 31, 2012). Specifies minimum
purchase prices of: block cheese, $1.13/lb.; barrel
cheese, $1.10/lb.; butter, $1.05/lb.; and nonfat dry
milk, $0.80/lb (same levels previously used to
support the farm price of milk at $9.90 per
hundred lbs. or hundredweight (cwt.)) Al ows
USDA sale of acquired products when market
prices rise to 110% of purchase price. Al ows
reduction of mandated purchase prices when
USDA acquisitions exceed specified levels. Expires
on December 31, 2013. [7 U.S.C. 8771]
Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) Program.
Extended temporarily through June 30, 2014, using the
Repealed. [Sec. 1411(b)]
MILC is a counter-cyclical payment program. When
45% rate rather than reverting to the 34% rate for
the monthly farm price of fluid milk fal s below
calculating the payment rate. Effective July 1, 2014, MILC
$16.94/cwt., all dairy farmers are paid an amount
is repealed. [Sec. 1471(b)]
equal to 45% of the difference between $16.94 and
the lower market price. Payments per farm are
limited to 2.985 million lbs. of annual production.
For the month of September 2013, the payment
factor and the payment quantity are 34% and 2.4
million pounds, respectively. The $16.94/cwt.
threshold price must be adjusted upward whenever
feed costs are above $7.35/cwt. Beginning on
September 1, 2013, the Nat’l. Avg. Dairy Feed
Ration Cost trigger rises from $7.35/cwt. to
$9.50/cwt. MILC program expires September 30,
2013. [7 U.S.C. 8773]
Dairy Export Incentive Program. Provides cash Repealed. [Sec. 1472]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1412]
bonus payments to U.S. dairy exporters, subject to
World Trade Organization obligations to limit
export subsidies. Intended to counter foreign
(mostly EU) dairy subsidies. Expires September 30,
2013. [15 U.S.C. 713a-14]
CRS-32


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Dairy Forward Pricing Program. Authorizes a
Extended through FY2018. Al ows for new contracts
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1413]
dairy forward pricing program. Prices paid by milk
until September 30, 2018, but no contract can extend
handlers under the contracts are deemed to satisfy
beyond September 30, 2021. [Sec. 1473]
the minimum price requirements of federal milk
marketing orders. Applies only to milk purchased
for manufactured products (Classes II, III, and IV),
and excludes milk purchased for fluid consumption
(Class I). Expires on September 30, 2013.
[7 U.S.C. 8772]
Dairy Indemnity Program. Authorizes
Extended through FY2018. [Sec. 1474]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1414]
payments to dairy farmers when a public regulatory
agency directs removal of their raw milk from the
market because of contamination by pesticides,
nuclear radiation or fal out, or toxic substances and
other chemical residues. Expires December 31,
2013. [7 U.S.C. 4501]
Dairy Promotion and Research Program. The Extended through FY2018. [Sec. 1475]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1415]
Dairy Producer Stabilization Act of 1983 authorized
a generic dairy product promotion, research, and
nutrition education program, funded by a
mandatory $0.15/cwt assessment on milk
produced/marketed in the 48 contiguous states.
Importers in all 50 states, the District of Columbia,
and Puerto Rico must also pay an assessment rate
of $0.075/cwt. on imported products. Authorizes
USDA to issue regulations on time and method of
importer payments. Expires September 30, 2013.
[7 U.S.C. 4504]
Federal Milk Marketing Orders. Federal milk
Requires USDA to use a specified pre-hearing procedure
No comparable provision.
marketing order rules issued by USDA place
to consider alternative formulas for Class III milk product
requirements on the first buyers or handlers of
pricing. [Sec. 1462]

milk, including paying at least minimum prices for

the milk depending on its end use. Permanent
Requires USDA to analyze (and report to Congress) the
federal authority to regulate the handling of milk
effects of replacing the use of end-product price formulas No comparable provision.
was first provided in the Agricultural Adjustment
with other pricing alternatives. [Sec. 1481]
Act of 1933, and subsequently revised by the
CRS-33


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, as
amended. FMMOs are established under permanent
authority and do not need periodic reauthorization.
[7 U.S.C. 601 et seq]
Federal Milk Marketing Order Review
Provides an option for funding from sources other than
Repealed. [Sec. 1416]
Commission. As established by the 2008 farm bill annual appropriations. [Sec. 1476]
[Sec. 1509], the FMMO Review Commission is
mandated to conduct a comprehensive review and
evaluation of (1) FMMO system, and (2) non-
FMMO systems.
Dairy Market Transparency


Dairy Product Mandatory Reporting. Dairy
Requirements are added that specify a reporting
No comparable provision.
Market Enhancement Act of 2000 requires
periodicity that is more frequent than once per month.
manufacturers to report to USDA the price,
[Sec. 1461]
quantity, and moisture content of dairy products
sold. The 2008 farm bill (Sec. 1510) authorizes
USDA to establish an electronic reporting system
(subject to available funds), after which increased
frequency in mandatory reporting of dairy product
sales would be required. Provides for quarterly
audits of submitted information and comparison
with related dairy market statistics.
[7 U.S.C. 1637b]
Definitions

No comparable provision.
Actual Dairy Production Margin: difference between
Identical to the Senate bill. Amended Sec. 1511(a)(1) of
all-milk price and average feed cost. [Sec. 1401(1)]
the enacted 2008 farm bill. [Sec. 1401]
No comparable provision.
All-Milk Price: the national average price received, per
Identical to the Senate bill. Amended Sec. 1511(a)(2).
cwt. of milk, by dairy operations. [Sec. 1401(2)]
[Sec. 1401]
No comparable provision.
Average Feed Cost: the average price paid for feed
Identical to the Senate bill. Amended Sec. 1511(a)(3).
used by a dairy operation to produce a cwt. of milk, as
[Sec. 1401]
determined by the formula—1.0728 x (corn price per
bu.) + 0.00735 x (soybean meal price per ton) + 0.0137 x
(alfalfa hay price per ton). [Sec. 1401(4)]
CRS-34


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)

Calculation of Average Feed Costs: Corn and alfalfa
Identical to the Senate bill. Amended Sec. 1511(b)(1).
hay prices are monthly prices received as reported by
[Sec. 1401]
USDA in Agricultural Prices. The soybean meal price is the
monthly price for central Illinois as reported by USDA in
Market News. [Sec. 1402(a)]
No comparable provision.
Consecutive 2-Month Period: the six 2-month
Identical to the Senate bill. Amended Sec. 1511(a)(4).
periods of Jan.-Feb., Mar.-Apr., May-June, July-Aug., Sep.-
[Sec. 1401]
Oct., and Nov.-Dec. [Sec. 1401(6)]
No comparable provision.
Calculation of Actual Dairy Production Margin for Identical to the Senate bill. Amended Sec. 1511(b)(2).
the Production Margin Protection Program: the
[Sec. 1401]
margin is calculated for each 2-month period as the
difference between the 2-month average all-milk price
and the 2-month average feed cost. [Sec. 1402b(1)]
No comparable provision.
Calculation of Actual Dairy Production Margin for No comparable provision.
the Dairy Market Stabilization Program: the margin
is calculated for each individual month as the difference
between the preceding month’s average all-milk price and
the preceding month’s average feed cost.
[Sec. 1402b(2)]
Dairy Production Margin Protection Program (DPMPP)
No comparable provision.
Dairy Production Margin Protection Program
Dairy Production Margin Protection Program
(DPMPP). Establishes a dairy production margin
(DPMPP). Establishes a dairy production margin
protection program within 120 days after the effective
protection program but is silent on timing. DPMPP
date. DPMPP has two components: basic margin
includes a single margin insurance program. Amended
protection (BMP) and supplemental margin protection
Sec. 1511(c) of the enacted 2008 farm bill. [Sec. 1401]
(SMP). [Sec. 1411]
No comparable provision.
Effective Date: This subtitle shall take effect on
Program Start Date: USDA shall conduct the margin
October 1, 2013. [Sec. 1491]
insurance program beginning on October 1, 2013.
Amended Sec. 1511(i). [Sec. 1401]
No comparable provision.
Duration: The margin protection program ends on
No comparable provision.
December 31, 2018. [Sec. 1451]
CRS-35


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
No comparable provision.
Participation in DPMPP. All dairy producers are
Participation in DPMPP. All dairy producers are
eligible to participate. [Sec. 1412(a)]
eligible to participate. Amended Sec. 1511(d)(1).
[Sec. 1401]
No comparable provision.
Timing for Registration: Existing producers must
Timing for Registration: Existing dairy producers must
make an election within 15 months after initiation of sign-
make an election within one year of enactment, and
up period, whereas new dairy producers must make an
annual y thereafter. New dairy producers must make an
election during the one-year period after their first milk
election during the 180-day period after their first milk is
is marketed commercially. [Sec. 1412(c)]
marketed commercially. Amended Sec. 1511(d)(3).
[Sec. 1401]
No comparable provision.
Transition from MILC to DPMPP: A dairy
No comparable provision. Since MILC is repealed
operation may elect to remain in MILC during temporary
immediately in the House bill, there is no possibility of
extension through June 30, 2014, or to participate in
remaining in MILC; a producer either elects to participate
DPMPP, but not both. Producers that elect MILC may at
in DPMPP or not.
any time make a permanent transfer to DPMPP.
[Sec. 1412(d)]

No comparable provision.
Participation in DPMPP and LGM: A dairy
No comparable provision.
operation may participate in either DPMPP or the
Livestock Gross Margin (LGM) for Dairy Program, but
not both [Sec. 1412(f)]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Retroactive participation: During the period between
the effective date and the initiation of program sign-up, a
dairy producer may give notice of intent to participate in
DPMPP and may then receive margin insurance
retroactive to the effective date, provided he subsequently
signs up for DPMPP. USDA is required to publish notice
of retroactive margin insurance within 30 days of the
effective date. Amended Sec. 1511(c)(4). [Sec. 1401]
No comparable provision.
Annual administration fee. An annual administration
No comparable provision.
fee is required for participation in DPMPP as follows:
$100 if (milk production) < 1million (M) lbs.; $250 if 1M
lbs. to 5M lbs.; $350 if > 5M lbs. and < 10M lbs.; $1,000 if
> 10M lbs. and < 40M lbs.; and $2,500 if > 40M lbs. This
provision also details deposit and use of the fees and
conditions for denial of program benefits. [Sec. 1412(e)]
CRS-36


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
No comparable provision.
Margin Insurance. Dairy producers are offered an
Margin Insurance. Dairy producers are offered the
initial choice of BMP and an annual election of SMP as
annual choice of purchasing margin insurance with
described below.
coverage levels ranging in $0.50/cwt. increments from a
minimum of $4.00/cwt. to a maximum of $8.00/cwt.
Basic Margin Protection (BMP). BMP provides
margin protection at a $4.00/cwt. level. At sign up, dairy
A participating producer shall elect a coverage percentage
producers make a one-time choice of participating in
equal to not more than 80%, nor less than 25% of the
BMP for the life of the farm bill. Under BMP, a payment
Production History of the dairy operation.
is made to participating dairy operations whenever the 2-
month average actual dairy production margin (for a
Amended Sec. 1511(f). [Sec. 1401]
defined consecutive 2-month period) is less than
$4.00/cwt. [Sec. 1414]
Supplemental Margin Protection (SMP). A dairy
operation participating in BMP may annually purchase
additional margin insurance beyond the basic $4.00/cwt.
in increments of $0.50/cwt. up to maximum margin
coverage of $8.00/cwt. A participating dairy operation
also must elect a percentage of SMP coverage equal
to not more than 90%, nor less than 25% of the Annual
Production History
of the dairy operation. An SMP
payment
is triggered whenever the average actual dairy
production margin for a 2-month period is less than the
SMP Coverage Level selected by the dairy operation. An
SMP payment, if warranted by market conditions, is in
addition to the BMP payment. [Sec. 1415]
No comparable provision.
Production History. Separate production histories are Production History. The highest annual milk marketings
used for the BMP and SMP programs as follows.
of the dairy operation during any one of the 3 calendar
years preceding registration. As long as a producer
Basic Production History. Under basic margin
remains registered, the production history shall be
protection (BMP), the highest annual milk marketings of
updated annually using the same formula. Special
the dairy operation during any one of the 3 preceding
provisions are made for new dairy operations. Amended
calendar years prior to registration. Special provisions
Sec. 1511(e). [Sec. 1401]
are made for new dairy operations. Once established,
the basic production history does not change over
succeeding years. [Sec. 1413(a)]

CRS-37


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Annual Production History. Under supplemental
margin protection, the annual production history is the
actual milk marketings of the dairy operation during the
preceding calendar year. [Sec. 1413(b)]
Special provisions are made for new dairy operations,
and for transfer or movement of production history.
[Sec. 1413(d-e)]
No comparable provision.
Margin Insurance Payment Rate. The BMP
Margin Insurance Payment Rate. A payment is made
payment rate equals the amount that the margin is
to participating dairy operations whenever the 2-month
below $4.00/cwt. (up to a value of $4.00) and is paid on
average actual dairy production margin is less than the
the lesser of: (80% of the Basic Production History)/6
coverage level threshold selected by the producer.
or the actual quantity of milk marketed during the 2-
month period. [Sec. 1414]
The margin insurance payment rate equals the amount
that the margin is below the selected margin coverage
The SMP payment rate per cwt. is equal to the
level threshold.
difference between the selected SPMP coverage level and
the greater of either $4.00 or the average margin for the
The total payment equals the payment rate x the
2-month period.
selected coverage % x the lesser of: (production history)/6
or the actual milk marketings during the 2-month period.
The total payment equals the SPMP payment rate x the
selected coverage % x the lesser of: (SMP production
Amended Sec. 1511(f). [Sec. 1401]
history)/6 or the actual milk marketings during the 2-
month period. [Sec. 1415(g)]
No comparable provision.
Producer Premiums. In addition to the annual
Producer Premiums. Margin insurance is free at a
administration fee for BMP, an annual premium for SMP
$4.00/cwt. coverage on the first 4 million lbs. Otherwise
must be paid equal to the product of the selected
premium rates are nearly identical to the Senate bill—the
coverage %, the annual production history, and the SMP
most notable exception is at the $7.00/cwt. coverage plus
premium rate per cwt. of milk. [Sec. 1415d(1)]
slightly higher rates in general on milk marketings above 4
million lbs.
The SMP premium rate schedule varies based on scale
of operations and the selected coverage %. For the first
For the first 4 million lbs. of milk marketings the premium
4 million lbs. of milk marketings the premium per cwt. is
per cwt. is $0.00 for $4.00 margin coverage; $0.01 for
$0.01 for $4.50 margin coverage; $0.02 for $5.00; $0.035
$4.50; $0.020 for $5.00; $0.035 for $5.50; $0.045 for
for $5.50; $0.045 for $6.00; $0.09 for $6.50; $0.40 for
$6.00; $0.09 for $6.50; $0.18 for $7.00; $0.60 for $7.50;
$7.00; $0.60 for $7.50; and $0.95 for $8.00. In excess of
and $0.95 for $8.00.
4 million lbs. the premium per cwt. is: $0.02 for $4.50
margin coverage; $0.04 for $5.00; $0.10 for $5.50; $0.15
In excess of 4 million lbs. the premium per cwt. is: $0.03
for $4.00; $0.045 for $4.50; $0.066 for $5.00; $0.11 for
CRS-38


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
for $6.00; $0.29 for $6.50; $0.62 for $7.00; $0.83 for
$5.50; $0.185 for $6.00; $0.29 for $6.50; $0.38 for $7.00;
$7.50; and $1.06 for $8.00. [Sec. 1415d(2-3)]
$0.83 for $7.50; and $1.06 for $8.00.
Amended Sec. 1511(f). [Sec. 1401]
No comparable provision.
Time for Premium Payments. USDA is instructed
Time for Premium Payments. Dairy producers
to provide more than one method of payment and to use choose between a single annual payment of 100% of the
a method that “maximizes dairy operation payment
premium made by January 15 of the calendar year, or
flexibility and program integrity.” [Sec. 1415d(4)]
semi-annual payments of 50% each of the premium value
made by January 15 and June 15 of the calendar year.
Amended Sec. 1511(f)(4)(D). [Sec. 1401]
No comparable provision.
The SMP premium is pro-rated for new dairy producers
The premium is pro-rated for new dairy producers and
and maybe waived in the case of death, retirement,
may be waived in the case of death, retirement,
permanent dissolution, or other circumstances as judged
permanent dissolution, or other circumstances as judged
by USDA. [1415(e)]
by USDA. Amended Sec. 1511(f)(4)(D). [Sec. 1401]
No comparable provision.
Rules are established for failure of a producer to pay the
Participating producers are legally obligated to pay the
BPMP administrative fee or SPMP premium. [Sec. 1416]
applicable premium, but the House bill is silent on any
enforcement mechanism. Amended Sec. 1511(f)(5)
[Sec. 1401]
Dairy Market Stabilization Program (DMSP)

No comparable provision.
Dairy Market Stabilization Program (DMSP).
No comparable provision.
Establishes a new program applicable for the purpose of
balancing the supply of milk with demand (via reduced
payments on milk marketings) when operating margins
are low or negative. Participation in DMSP is
mandatory for all dairy producers that participate in the
DPMPP. The milk marketing volume used for
determining dairy payment reductions under the DMSP
is formula-based comparing shares of actual milk
marketings with the producer’s Stabilization Program
Base
. At signup in the DPMPP, participating dairy
producers elect the calculation method of the
Stabilization Program Base for their dairy operation
as either—(A) the average volume of monthly milk
marketings during the 3 preceding months, or (B) the
volume of monthly milk marketings for the same month
CRS-39


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
in the preceding year. [Sec. 1431] The market
stabilization program ends on December 31, 2018. [Sec.
1451]

No comparable provision.
DMSP Implementation Threshold. When either
No comparable provision.
(a) the actual dairy production margin is $6.00/cwt. or
less for each of the 2 preceding months, or (b) actual
dairy production margin is $4.00/cwt. or less for the
preceding one month, then reduced payments on milk
marketings under the DMSP are in effect beginning the
first day of the month immediately fol owing the
threshold trigger as announced by USDA. [Sec. 1432]
However, no payment reduction is made if the dairy
operation’s milk marketings are < the applicable
percentage of the Stabilization Program Base as described
in (A)-(C) of the following provision. [Sec. 1434]
No comparable provision.
Calculation of DMSP Payment Reductions. During
No comparable provision.
any month in which the milk payment reductions are in
effect, each handler shall reduce milk payments to each
participating dairy producer from whom the handler
receives milk according to the formula:
(A) Reduction Requirement 1: if the actual dairy
production margin per cwt. is < $6.00, but > $5.00 for 2
consecutive months, then payment reductions are based
on the greater of: (a) 98% of the Stabilization Program
Base, or (b) 94% of the actual milk marketings for the
month;
(B) Reduction Requirement 2: if the actual dairy
production margin per cwt. is < $5.00, but > $4.00 for 2
consecutive months, then payment reductions are based
on the greater of: (a) 97% of the Stabilization Program
Base, or (b) 93% of the actual milk marketings for the
month;
(C) Reduction Requirement 3: if the actual dairy
production margin per cwt. is < $4.00 for any one
month, then payment reductions are based on the
CRS-40


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
greater of: (a) 96% of the Stabilization Program Base, or
(b) 92% of the actual milk marketings for the month.
Once the DMSP has been initiated, the largest level of
payment reduction required under (A)-(C) shall be
continued monthly until the stabilization program is
suspended. [Sec. 1434]
No comparable provision.
Producer Milk Marketing Information. Requires
No comparable provision.
USDA to establish, by regulation, a process to collect
from participating dairy producers and handlers such
information as necessary for each month during which
DMSP is in effect. [Sec. 1433]
No comparable provision.
Use of Funds from Payment Reductions under
No comparable provision.
DMSP. The funds obtained from reduced payments to
dairy producers for their milk marketings shall be
remitted to USDA where they shall be used to purchase
dairy products for donation to food banks and other
programs with an end goal of expanding consumption
and building demand for dairy products. USDA shall
submit a report at the end of each year to the House and
Senate Agriculture Committees concerning the funds
received, expenditures, and the impact of the DMSP.
[Sec. 1435]
No comparable provision.
Suspension Thresholds of DMSP Payment
No comparable provision.
Reductions. DMSP is suspended under any of the
following market conditions:

(1) the actual dairy production margin is > $6.00/cwt.
for 2 consecutive months;
(2) the actual dairy production margin is < $6.00/cwt.
(but > $5.00/cwt.) for 2 consecutive months, but during
that same period either (A) the U.S. price for cheddar
cheese is > the world price for cheddar cheese, or (B)
the U.S. price for nonfat dry milk (NFDM) is > the world
price for NFDM;
(3) the actual dairy production margin is < $5.00/cwt.
CRS-41


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
(but > $4.00/cwt.) for 2 consecutive months, but during
that same period either (A) the U.S. price for cheddar
cheese is > 105% of the world price for cheddar cheese,
or (B) the U.S. price for NFDM is > 105% of the world
price for NFDM; or
(4) the actual dairy production margin is < $4.00/cwt. for
2 consecutive months, but during that same period either
(A) the U.S. price for cheddar cheese is > 107% of the
world price for cheddar cheese, or (B) the U.S. price for
NFDM is > 107% of the world price for NFDM.
Once DMSP has been suspended, it may not be resumed
until at least 2 months have passed (starting on the 1st
day of the fol owing month), and the conditions of Sec.
1432 are met again. [Sec. 1436(b)]
No comparable provision.
Enforcement. Provisions for enforcing DMSP are
No comparable provision.
specified. [Sec. 1437]
No comparable provision.
Audit Requirements. Provisions for auditing
No comparable provision.
participating dairy operations and for ensuring handler
compliance in the DMSP are specified. [Sec. 1438]
No comparable provision.
Study and Report on DMSP. Mandates that the
No comparable provision.
Office of the Chief Economist, USDA, undertake a study
of the impact of the DMSP on both the dairy product
value chain and the competitiveness of the U.S. dairy
industry in international markets. Study results should be
submitted as a report to the House and Senate
Agriculture Committees by December 1, 2017. [Sec.
1439]

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House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Standard rulemaking procedures generally require
No comparable provision.
Special Rulemaking Requirements. As reported by
federal agencies to issue notices and take
the House Agriculture Committee, the DPMPP and DMSP
comments on proposed rules. [5 U.S.C. 553(b)]
would have been exempt from standard rulemaking
procedures. The House Judiciary Committee reported
the bill with an amendment that deletes the exemption.
Instead, the Secretary is required to promulgate interim
rules (rules issued without prior notice and comment) for
the stabilization program within nine months of
enactment. The Secretary is authorized (but not required)
to issue interim rules for the margin protection program.
Final rules shall be published for both programs within 21
months of enactment. In issuing the interim and final rules
for the dairy stabilization program, the Secretary is
required to include an assessment of the impact of the
two new programs on dairy markets, as specified. [Sec.
1402]

Administrative Provisions

Payment Limitations

Establishes the maximum amount of payments per
Establishes a limit on Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC)
Establishes a limit on all Title I payments, including Price
year to a person or legal entity for the sum of all
and adverse market payments, and reinstates limits on
Loss Coverage and Revenue Loss Coverage payments,
covered commodities, except peanuts. Peanuts
marketing loan gains and LDPs.
marketing loan gains and LDPs, and direct payments made
have a separate but equal payment limitation.
—ARC and adverse market payments for the sum of all
to upland cotton for 2014 and 2015. Combines al
—Direct payments: $40,000
covered commodities except peanuts: $50,000
covered commodities under one limit.
—Direct payments under ACRE: $40,000 minus
—ARC and adverse market payments for peanuts:
—All Title I payments for the sum of all covered
the reduction required for an ACRE participant.
$50,000
commodities, including peanuts, $125,000, of which:
—Counter-cyclical payments: $65,000
—Marketing loan gains/LDP for sum of all commodities
—PLC and RLC payments: $50,000
—ACRE payments: $65,000 plus the reduction in
except peanuts: $75,000
—Marketing loan gains and LDP: $75,000. [Sec. 1603]
the limit from the direct payment limit.
—Marketing loan gains/LDP for peanuts: $75,000 [Sec.
—Marketing loan gains/LDP: no limit. [7 U.S.C.
1603]
1308 (a)-(d)]
Payments are attributed to a person by accounting
Continues other payment limit provisions such as direct
Similar to Senate bill, with additional clarification for
for the direct and indirect ownership in any legal
attribution, with the exception of the definition of active
doubling the limits for spouses, and definitions of legal
entity. Payments made directly to a person are
personal management (see below).
entitles [Sec. 1603].
combined with the person’s pro rata share of
payments from a legal entity. Payments to a legal

CRS-43


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
entity cannot exceed the limits above, and are
attributed to persons. Attribution of payments to
legal entities is traced to four levels of ownership. If
a payment has not been al ocated to an individual
after four levels of ownership, the payment to the
first-level entity is reduced on a pro-rata basis. [7
U.S.C. 1308 (e)-(h)]

To be eligible for payments, persons must be
Deletes “active personal management” from the
Same as Senate bill, with minor clarification differences.
“actively engaged” in farming. Actively engaged, in
definition of actively engaged in farming. Effectively
[Sec. 1603A]
general, is defined as making a significant
requires personal labor in the farming operation to be
contribution of (i) capital, equipment or land, and
considered actively engaged. Members of legal entities
(ii) personal labor or active personal management.
collectively would need to make a significant contribution
Also, profits are to be commensurate with the level of personal labor. Adds a special class of “farm managers”
of contributions, and contributions must be at risk.
that may be considered actively engaged by providing
Legal entities can be actively engaged if members
management but not personal labor. However the
col ectively contribute personal labor or active
Secretary would take into account the size and
personal management. Special classes allow
complexity of the operation and whether such
landowners to be considered actively engaged if
management requirements are normal y needed by
they receive income based on the farm’s operating
similar operations, A farm manager must be the only
results, without providing labor or management,
person to qualify an operation, may qualify only one
Spouses are considered actively engaged if the
operation, and must manage an operation that doesn’t
other spouse meets the qualification. [7 U.S.C.
share resources with another that col ectively receives
1308-1]
more than the payment limitations. Separately, clarifies
that for the special class of landowner, a “landowner
share-rents the land at a rate that is usual and
customary” and that government payments are
commensurate. [Sec. 1604]
Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) Limitation


Prohibits farm commodity program benefits to an
Eliminates the distinction between non-farm AGI and
Eliminates the distinction between non-farm AGI and farm
individual or entity if adjusted gross income
farm AGI, and establishes a limit on total AGI. For most
AGI, and establishes a limit on total AGI. For some
exceeds certain thresholds. For this purpose, AGI is individuals, this tightens the limit. For some individuals
individuals, this tightens the limit if they use most of the
divided into two parts: farm AGI and non-farm AGI. with non-farm AGI between $500,000 and $750,000, it
former $500,000 and $750,000 limits. For other
Uses a 3-year average when comparing to the limit.
may restore program eligibility if farm AGI is low. Uses a
individuals, it may restore program eligibility if AGI is
3-year average when comparing to the limit. Applies AGI concentrated to either the farm or non-farm component
limits through 2018.
(e.g., non-farm AGI between $500,000 and $950,000 and
low farm AGI). Uses a 3-year average when comparing to
CRS-44


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
the limit. Repeals expiration date of applicability.
—$500,000 limit on non-farm AGI to qualify for
—$750,000 limit on total AGI to qualify for and receive
—$950,000 limit on total AGI to qualify for and receive
and receive any farm commodity program benefits,
ARC and adverse market payments, marketing loan gains
PLC and RLC payments, marketing loan gains or loan
Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) program,
or loan deficiency payments, supplemental agricultural
deficiency payments, supplemental agricultural disaster
noninsured crop assistance (NAP), or disaster
disaster assistance, and noninsured crop assistance. [Sec.
assistance, noninsured crop assistance, and conservation
payments.
1605]
programs. [Sec. 1604]
—$750,000 limit on farm AGI to qualify for and
receive direct payments, but counter-cyclical, ACRE
and marketing loan benefits may continue if farm
AGI exceeds $750,000. [7 U.S.C. 1308-3a(b)(1)]
For FY2012 only, a separate, additional $1 million
AGI limit applies to direct payments [P.L. 112-55,
Sec. 745]

For conservation programs, $1 million limit on non-
Eliminates the USDA waiver authority for
Eliminates the separate AGI limit for conservation
farm AGI, unless more than 66.66% of AGI is farm
“environmentally sensitive land of special significance.”
programs, including the exception for 2/3 of AGI being
AGI. Provides USDA discretion to waive the limit
Continues $1 million limit on non-farm AGI, and the
farm AGI, and—like the Senate bill—the USDA waiver
for “environmentally sensitive land of special
exception, for conservation programs. [Sec. 2610]
authority for “environmentally sensitive land of special
significance." [7 U.S.C. 1308-3a(b)(2)]
significance.” Applies the same $950,000 total AGI limit to
the conservation programs as for the farm commodity
programs. [Sec. 1604(a)]
Other Administrative Provisions


Authorizes use of funds, facilities, and authorities of
Same as current law. [Sec. 1601]
Similar to the Senate bill; separate provision specifies
the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) to
promulgating regulations no later than 21 months after
carry out Title I. Determinations by USDA shall be
date of enactment. [Sec. 1601]
final. Allows promulgation of regulations, and
adjusting expenditures if they will exceed allowable
support levels under the Uruguay Round
Agreements. [7 U.S.C. 8781]
Suspends the permanent price support authority of
Same as current law, except applies to 2014-2018 crop
Repeals permanent price support authority under
the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 and the
years, and milk through December 31, 2018. [Sec. 1602]
Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 and Agricultural
Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1949 for the 2008-
Adjustment Act of 1949. [Sec. 1602]
13 crops (covered commodities, peanuts, and
sugar), and for milk through December 31, 2013. [7
Establishes new “permanent law.” For 2014 and each
succeeding crop year, authority continues without an
CRS-45


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
U.S.C. 8782]
expiration date for Price Loss Coverage and Revenue Loss
Coverage [Sections 1104-1107], and Nonrecourse
Marketing Loans. [Sec. 1201] The Dairy Producer Margin
Insurance Program is authorized without an expiration
date. [Sec. 1401]
Provides payments to “geographically disadvantaged Reauthorizes through FY2018. [Sec. 1606]
Reauthorizes program without an expiration date.
farmers” in insular areas, Alaska, and Hawaii for
[Sec. 1605]
transporting a commodity or input more than 30
miles. Reimbursement based on federal salary
differentials defined elsewhere, with maximum of
25% transportation cost. Authorizes $15 million of
discretionary appropriations annually for FY2009-
13. [7 U.S.C. 8792]
Exempts producers from liability for certain
Same as current law. [Sec. 1607]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1606]
deficiencies in col ateral to secure any nonrecourse
loan. [7 U.S.C. 7284]
Requires regulations that describe the
Same as current law. [Sec. 1608]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1607]
circumstances allowing payments to a deceased
person to settle an estate, and to stop payments for
those ineligible. Requires USDA to reconcile tax
identification numbers with IRS data twice a year to
determine living status. [7 U.S.C. 7284]
Any person who receives an adverse program
Adds authorization for the Assistant Secretary of
No comparable provision.
decision from USDA’s Farm Service Agency, Risk
Administration to administer law and regulations that
Management Agency, Natural Resources
relate to competitive and excepted service position in
Conservation Service, or the three USDA Rural
NAD. [Sec. 1609]
Development agencies may file an appeal with the
National Appeals Division (NAD), an independent
office that reports directly to the Secretary of
Agriculture. Its mission is to provide fair and timely
hearings and appeals to USDA program
participants. [7 U.S.C. 6992]
No comparable provision.
Provides technical corrections. [Sec. 1610]
Provides technical corrections. [Sec. 1608]
CRS-46


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Requires that assignment of payments must be
Same as current law. [Sec. 1611]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1609]
done in accordance with USDA regulations. [7
U.S.C. 8784]

Requires tracking of program benefits under
Same as current law. [Sec. 1612]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1610]
Commodity and Conservation titles that are made
directly or indirectly to individuals and entities. [7
U.S.C. 8785]

Requires that, if USDA approves a program
Same as current law. [Sec. 1613]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1611]
document containing signatures of applicants, it
shall not subsequently determine it to be
inadequate or invalid unless the person signing the
document knowingly and willfully falsified the
evidence of signature authority or a signature. [7
U.S.C. 8790]

Provides $50 million of mandatory funds from the
Provides $97 million of mandatory funds from the CCC
The Secretary shall make available $100 million to
CCC to implement Title I. [7 U.S.C. 8793]
to implement Title I. USDA is to reduce administrative
implement Title I. Also directs USDA to maintain base
burdens on participants, improve information
acres and payment yields for covered commodities (and
coordination among agencies, and take advantage of new
upland cotton), with separate bases acres for long grain
technologies to deliver programs to producers. [Sec.
and medium grain rice. [Sec. 1612]
1614]
USDA may not disclose information about an
Adds language to clarify and strengthen the conditions
Prohibits the Secretary of Agriculture, USDA employee,
agricultural operation, farming or conservation
necessary to release data about farms to state and local
contractor, or officer or employee of another federal
practice, or land that was provided by the producer government agencies. [See Miscellaneous title – Sec.
agency from disclosing information provided by a
or landowner in order to qualify for a USDA
12202]
producer or owner of agricultural land concerning the
program, See Miscellaneous title for more
operation, farming or conservation practices, or the land
information. [7 U.S.C. 8791; also known as
itself in order to participate in USDA or other federal
Section 1619 of the 2008 farm bill]
programs. Specifies certain exceptions; disclosures must
be reported to House and Senate Agriculture
Committees. [Sec. 1613]

CRS-47


Title II. Conservation
House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)


Sec.1231(a-b) of the Food Security Act of 1985
Extends authorization through FY2018. Adds grasslands
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
(FSA) (P.L. 99-198, or the 1985 farm bill), as
to list of eligible lands, which is consistent with the
[Sec. 2001(a-b)]
amended, authorizes the CRP through FY2013. CRP
consolidation of Grassland Reserve Program (GRP) rental
provides annual rental payments to producers to
agreements under CRP (also see Sec. 2004 below).
replace crops on highly erodible and environmentally Amends eligible land definition for land not enrolled in
sensitive land with long-term resource conserving
CRP. [Sec. 2001(a-b)]
plantings. [16 U.S.C. 3831(a-b)]
Sec. 1231(c) of the FSA, as amended, determines the Deletes language allowing land enrolled in the Water
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2001(c)]
planting status of certain land. [16 U.S.C. 3831(c)]
Bank Program and cropland expiring in CY2000-CY2002
to be enrolled. [Sec. 2001(c)]
Sec. 1231(d) of the FSA, as amended, authorizes the
Reduces enrollment to 30 million acres in FY2014; 27.5
Reduces enrollment to 27.5 million acres in FY2014; 26
maximum acreage enrollment levels; the program is
million acres in FY2015; 26.5 million acres in FY2016; and
million acres in FY2015; 25 million acres in FY2016; 24
currently authorized through FY2013 to enrol up to 25.5 million acres in FY2017; and 25 million in FY2018.
million acres in both FY2017 and FY2018. Also caps
32 million acres. [16 U.S.C. 3831(d)]
Also caps grassland enrollment at 1.5 million acres
grassland enrollment at 2 million acres between FY2014-
between FY2014-FY2018. Gives expiring CRP acres
FY2018. Gives expiring CRP acres priority enrol ment for
priority enrol ment for grassland contracts; at least one
grassland contracts. Grassland sign-up is continuous with
grassland sign-up must be offered each year. [Sec.
one or more ranking periods. [Sec. 2001(d)]
2001(d)]
Sec. 1231(e) of the FSA, as amended, defines the
Amends language for land devoted to hardwood trees,
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
duration of contracts. [16 U.S.C. 3831(e)]
shelterbelts, windbreaks, or wildlife corridors to al ow
[Sec. 2001(e)]
flexible contract lengths beyond the current 10-15 years.
[Sec. 2001(e)]
Sec. 1231(f) of the FSA, as amended, lists priority
Deletes watershed-specific language, but retains the use
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2001(f)]
areas as the Chesapeake Bay Region, the Great
of conservation priority areas as determined by USDA.
Lakes Region, and Long Island Sound. [16 U.S.C.
[Sec. 2001(f)]
3831f]
Sec. 1231B(a-f) of the FSA, as amended, authorizes a
Renames the pilot program “Farmable Wetlands
Similar to the Senate bill, but reduces acreage limitation
pilot program for up to 1 million acres of wetland
Program.” Reauthorizes the program through FY2018,
from 1 million acres to 750,000 acres. [Sec. 2002]
and buffer acreage in CRP. [16 U.S.C. 3831b]
and clarifies language related to constructed wetlands
receiving water from agricultural drainage. [Sec. 2002]
CRS-48


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Sec. 1232(a)(8) of the FSA, as amended, establishes
Deletes language related to harvesting, grazing, and wind
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
approved use of harvesting, grazing, and wind
turbine use on CRP acres. Adds similar language under
[Sec. 2003(a)]
turbine use on CRP acres. [16 U.S.C. 3832(a)(8)]
Sec. 2004 (see below). [Sec. 2003(a)]
Sec. 1232(b & d) of the FSA, as amended, requires a
Amends conservation plan language by removing possible
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
conservation plan on all CRP acres and reduces
base acre retirement. Deletes rental payment reduction
[Sec. 2003(b-c)]
rental payment for certain authorized uses. [16
requirement for certain authorized activities. Rental
U.S.C. 3832(b & d)]
payment reduction language is added under Sec. 2004
(see below). [Sec. 2003(b-c)]
Sec. 1233 of the FSA, as amended, specifies the duty
Deletes the current section and adds new section that
Similar to the Senate bill, but does not include the Senate
of USDA to make cost-share payments and rental
specifies the duties of USDA as: making cost-share and
provision al owing beginning farmers or ranchers to graze
payments. [16 U.S.C. 3833]
rental payments; al owing for emergency harvesting,
livestock without a reduction in rental rate. Includes a
grazing, and other use of forage without a reduction in
different frequency (not more than once every three
rental rate; allowing livestock grazing for a beginning
years) for identifying periods in which managed haying and
farmer or rancher without a reduction in rental rate;
other commercial uses may occur in exchange for a
certain permitted activities (harvesting, grazing, and wind
reduction in rental rate. Does not include the Senate
turbines) in exchange for not less than a 25% reduction in
provision that requires a reduced rental payment for
rental rates. All permitted activities must be consistent
landowners electing to install land improvement practices
with an approved conservation plan. Allows grazing,
up to one year before the CRP acres expire. [Sec. 2004]
harvesting, and fire suppression on enrol ed grasslands. In
exchange for a reduced rental rate, a landowner may
install land improvement practices up to one year before
the CRP acres expire. This land may not reenroll in CRP
for five years. [Sec. 2004]
Sec. 1234 of the FSA, as amended, establishes a
Allows incentive payments for tree and shrub
Similar to the Senate bill, but does not include incentive
framework for calculating annual rental payments.
maintenance (thinning activities). Amends rental payment
payments for thinning activities. Also does not include the
[16 U.S.C. 3834]
calculation to include grassland contracts for not more
language allowing USDA to consider dryland cash rental
than 75% of the grazing value. Dryland cash rental rates
rate when determining annual rental rates. [Sec. 2005]
may also be used as a factor for determining annual rental
Sec. 2601(a) does not include a limit for thinning
rates. Deletes language allowing for in-kind commodities
activities.
as a form of CRP payment. [Sec. 2005] Sec. 2601(a)
includes a limit of $10 million for thinning activities
between FY2014-FY2018.
Sec. 1235(f) of the FSA, as amended, facilitates the
Simplifies language and provides conforming amendments
Amends the early termination provisions to allow
transfer of CRP acres from a retiring owner to a
to the CRP transition option. Adds “rancher” and
producers with a CRP contract in place for five or more
beginning/social y-disadvantaged producer to return
“veteran farmer or rancher” as eligible individuals in
years to terminate the contract in FY2014. Expands the
CRS-49


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
land to production, and al ows new owner to begin
addition to a farmer. The Secretary shall not consider an
list of land that may not be subject to early termination.
land improvements or start organic certification
owner or operator in violation of terms and conditions of Provides conforming amendments, similar to the Senate
process one year before CRP contract expires. [16
a CRP contract if (1) during the year prior to contract
bill, to the CRP transition option. Adds a provision
U.S.C. 3835(f)]
expiration the land is enrolled in the CSP; and (2) the
allowing landowners to enroll in CSP (see program
activity required under CSP pursuant to the enrol ment is
beginning with Sec. 2101) and conduct activities required
consistent with this subsection. Authorizes the Secretary
under CSP in the final year of the CRP contract without
to terminate or modify a contract if eligible land subject
violating the terms of the contract. Also allows USDA to
to the contract is transferred into the ACEP. [Sec. 2006]
terminate or modify a CRP contract if land is enrolled in
Sec. 2601(a) includes a $50 million limit for the CRP
ACEP (see section beginning with Sec. 2301) Changes
transition option between FY2014-FY2018.
effective date of termination to the date that the request
is approved by the Secretary. [Sec. 2006]
Sec. 1235A of the FSA, as amended, allows land
Repeals a provision added in the 1990 farm bill that allows Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2007]
enrol ed in CRP before enactment of the 1990 farm
land to be converted from vegetative cover to hardwood
bill (P.L. 101-624, November 28, 1990) to convert
trees or restored wetlands. [Sec. 2007]
vegetative cover to hardwood trees or restored
wetlands [16 U.S.C. 3835a]
No comparable provision.
Provides transition language for existing CRP contracts.
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
Reductions in CRP acres (Sec. 2003) take effect upon
[Sec. 2008]
enactment. All other amendments take effect on October
1, 2013. [Sec. 2008]
Sec. 1241(a)(1) of the FSA, as amended, limits
Reduces limit for thinning activities (see Sec. 2005) to
Does not include a limit for thinning activities (see Sec.
payments for thinning activities to $100 million
$10 million between FY2013-FY2018 and increases limit
2005). Extends the $25 million limit for transition
between FY2009-FY2013 and payments for the
for transition assistance (see Sec. 2006) to $50 million
assistance to FY2014-FY2018 (see Sec. 2006). [Sec.
transition assistance (see Sec. 1235(f) above) to
between FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 2601(a)]
2601(a)]
$25 million for FY2009-2013. [16 U.S.C.
3841(a)(1)]

Sec. 1241(a)(1) of the FSA, as amended, limits
Reduces limit for thinning activities (see Sec. 2005) to
Does not include a limit for thinning activities (see Sec.
payments for thinning activities to $100 million
$10 million between FY2013-FY2018 and increases limit
2005). Extends the $25 million limit for transition
between FY2009-FY2013 and payments for the
for transition assistance (see Sec. 2006) to $50 million
assistance to FY2014-FY2018 (see Sec. 2006). [Sec.
transition assistance (see Sec. 1235(f) above) to
between FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 2601(a)]
2601(a)]
$25 million for FY2009-2013. [16 U.S.C.
3841(a)(1)]

CRS-50


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP)


Sec. 1238D of the FSA, as amended, defines program Deletes definition of ‘conservation measurement tools’
Similar to the Senate bill except that it further defines
terms for CSP. CSP provides financial and technical
and moves the definition of ‘eligible land’ from Sec.
eligible land to include land used or capable of being used
assistance to promote the conservation and
1238E(b) of the FSA, as amended to the definition
for production of livestock and pastureland. [Sec.
improvement of soil, water, air, energy, plant and
section. Adds pastureland as defined eligible lands. [Sec.
2101(a)]
animal life, and other conservation purposes on
2101(a)]
tribal and private working lands. [16 U.S.C. 3838d]
Sec. 1238E of the FSA, as amended, establishes the
Reauthorizes the program through FY2018. Moves
Similar to Senate bill, but allows CRP land in the last fiscal
CSP program for FY2009-FY2014. Eligible land
definition of ‘eligible land’ to the definition section (1238D year of enrollment to be considered eligible for CSP. CRP
includes private agricultural land, tribal agricultural
of the FSA, as amended) and removes nonindustrial
payments must cease before CSP payments may begin.
land (that has been planted to crops four of
private forest land limit of not more than 10% of total
[Sec. 2101(a)]
preceding six years), and nonindustrial private forest
annual acres. Permits CSP enrol ment of land under a
land. [16 U.S.C. 3838e]
CRP contract provided the CRP contract is scheduled to
expire at the end of the year in which the land is enrolled
in CSP; and CRP payments for the land cease prior to the
date of the first CSP payment. [Sec. 2101(a)]
Sec. 1238F of the FSA, as amended, establishes
Increases the entry requirement to address two resource
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences
contract requirements for addressing at least one
concerns upon applying and meeting or exceeding the
As a condition of contract renewal, added requirement
resource concern upon application and meeting or
threshold for at least one additional priority resource
that participants at a minimum must meet the threshold
exceeding the threshold for at least one priority
concern. Adds expiring CRP acres transitioning to
for two “additional” priority resources concerns OR
resource concern by the end of the contract.
production as a consideration for ranking applications.
exceed the threshold for two “existing“ priority resource
Establishes a ranking criteria of applications, contract Requires contract renewal participants to agree to, at a
concerns. [Sec. 2101(a)]
provisions, contract renewal, and contract
minimum, at least two additional priority resource
terminations. [16 U.S.C. 3838f]
concerns. [Sec. 2101(a)]
Sec, 1238G of the FSA, as amended, outlines the
Increases the number of priority resource concerns
Similar to the Senate bill with a reduced level of
duties of USDA, including offering continuous
identified by USDA to not less than five. Removes
enrollable acres––8.695 million acres––for each year
enrol ment with at least one ranking period per
references to a conservation measurement tool. Reduces
FY2014-FY2021. Adjusts the payment limit to an
year, identifying between 3-5 priority resource
the number of enrol able acres to 10,348,000 acres for
aggregate of $200,000 for all CSP contracts between
concerns, and developing a conservation
each fiscal year 2014 through 2022. Adjusts the payment
FY2013 and FY2017 [Sec. 2101(a)]
measurement tool. Limits acreage enrol ment to
limit aggregate to $200,000 for all CSP contracts between
12,769,000 acres for each fiscal year 2008 through
FY2014 and FY2018. Provides additional payment
2017. Requires a national average rate of $18 per
direction and requires a prorated performance over the
acre (to include all costs). Payments may be based
life of the contract to create equal payments each fiscal
on the costs incurred, income forgone, and
year. Removes data col ection requirements. [Sec.
expected environmental benefits. In general,
2101(a)]
CRS-51


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
payments are made at the beginning of each fiscal
year and are limited to a total of $200,000 for all
CSP contracts during any five year period. [16
U.S.C. 3838g]

No comparable provision.
Provides transition language for existing CSP contracts.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2101(b-c)]
Amendments to CSP take effect on October 1, 2013.
[Sec. 2101(b-c)]
Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)

Sec. 1240 of the FSA, as amended, authorizes EQIP,
Removes the 5th purpose area that requires the reduction Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
stating its purpose as promoting production and
of administrative burdens on the producer through
[Sec. 2201]
environmental quality as compatible goals, and
consolidating conservation planning and streamlining
optimizing environmental benefits by assisting
regulatory compliance processes. Adds wildlife habitat
producers: (1) with compliance with national
improvement and development practices to the 3rd
regulatory requirements; (2) to avoid the need for
purpose area. [Sec. 2201]
regulation; (3) to install and maintain conservation
practices; (4) to make cost-effective changes to
current production systems, and (5) to reduce
administrative burdens by consolidating planning and
regulatory compliance. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa]
Sec. 1240A of the FSA, as amended, defines six
Incorporates the definition of the National Organic
No comparable provision.
terms: eligible land, National Organic Program,
Program into the definition of an organic system plan.
organic system plan, payment, practice, and
[Sec. 2202]
program. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa-1]
Sec. 1240B(a-b) of the FSA, as amended, authorizes
Reauthorizes EQIP through FY2018. Removes the
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
EQIP through FY2014. Contracts are 1-10 years in
minimum one-year contract length requirement.
Establishes requirement that not more than 50% of
length. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(a-b)]
Establishes requirement that not more than 30% of
amount determined under subparagraph (A) may be
amount determined under subparagraph (A) may be
provided in advance for purchases or material and
provided in advance for purchases or material and
contracting. Requires that 7.5% of EQIP funds be made
contracting Requires that at least 5% of EQIP funds be
available for wildlife habitat practices FY2014 – FY2018.
made available for wildlife habitat practices FY2014 –
[Sec. 2202(1-2)]
FY2018 [Sec. 2203(1-2)]
CRS-52


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Sec. 1240B(d) of the FSA, as amended, limits EQIP
Revises the list of practices afforded greater significance
Does not include the Senate bill’s list of practices. Adds
payments to not more than 75% of the cost (up to
when determining income forgone. Adds veteran farmer
veteran farmer or rancher to the list of certain producers
90% for limited resource, socially disadvantaged farm or rancher to the list of certain producers eligible for
eligible for higher cost-share rates. [Sec. 2202(3)]
or rancher, or a beginning farmer or rancher) and
cost-share rates up to 90% and advanced payments.
not more than 100% of income forgone. Greater
Requires advanced payments not used within 90 days to
significance is provided for determining income
be returned. [Sec. 2203(3)]
forgone payments for specific management practices.
Advance payments for certain producers are limited
to 30% of the cost-share rate. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
2(d)]

Sec. 1240B(f) of the FSA, as amended, requires that
Extends through FY2018 the requirement that 60% of
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
60% of EQIP payments go to practices related to
payments be for livestock production. A minimum of 5%
[Sec. 2202(4)]
livestock production requirement between FY2008-
of funds go to payments benefiting wildlife habitat (see
FY2013. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(f)]
Sec. 2203(5)) Requires the Secretary to consult with
State Technical Committee at least once per year in
determining practices eligible for payment and targeted
funding. Authorizes the Secretary to make payments to a
state or local unit of government to enrol areas riparian
to or submerged under water or wetland if the Secretary
determines that it supports restoration, development and
improvement of wildlife habitat. [Sec. 2203(4)]
Sec. 1240B(g) of the FSA, as amended, allows USDA
Amends Sec. 1240B(g) by adding provision requiring the
Changes the term ‘federally recognized Native American
to enter into alternative funding arrangement with
Secretary to use EQIP funds for Wildlife Habitat
Indian Tribes and Alaska Native Corporations’ to ‘Indian
federally recognized Native American Indian Tribes
Incentives Program (WHIP) conservation practices. [Sec.
Tribes.’ Authorizes the Secretary to enter into an
and Alaska Native Corporations. [16 U.S.C.
2203(5)]. Also removes language regarding alternative
alternative funding arrangement with an eligible irrigation
3839aa-2(g)]
funding arrangements with tribes (and moves it to Sec.
association. [Sec. 2202(5)]
1244(l) [Sec. 2606]
Sec. 1240N of the FSA, as amended, authorizes the
Adds a new provision under EQIP specifically for wildlife
Similar to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2202(6)]. The Wildlife
Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP),
habitat incentive practices. Language is similar to the
Habitat Incentives Program is also repealed in Sec. 2707
providing cost-sharing to landowners who improve
Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program, which is repealed in
and funding for the new wildlife provision is provided in
habitat. Authorized to receive mandatory funding of
Sec. 2707. [Sec. 2203(5)] Funding for the provision is
Sec. 2202(4) above.
$85 million annual y through FY2013. [16 U.S.C.
provided in Sec. 2203(4).
3839bb-1]
CRS-53


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Sec. 1240C(b) of the FSA, as amended, identifies
Changes “environmental benefits” to “conservation
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2203]
priorities to program applications. Gives higher
benefits.” [Sec. 2204]
priority for producers using cost-effective
conservation practices to achieve environmental
benefits. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa-3(b)]
Sec. 1240D(2) of the FSA, as amended, states that in
Changes “farm, ranch, or forest” land to “enrolled” land.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2204]
exchange for EQIP payments, producers will not
[Sec. 2205]
conduct any practices on the farm, ranch, or forest
land that could defeat the purpose of the program.
[16 U.S.C. 3839aa-4(2)]
Sec. 1240G of the FSA, as amended, limits EQIP
Limits EQIP payments for the period of authorization
Raises the EQIP payment limit to an aggregate of
participant’s payments to $300,000 for any six-year
(FY2014-FY2018) rather than a rol ing six-year period.
$450,000 between FY2014-FY2018 and eliminates the
period. This may be waived to up to $450,000 for
[Sec. 2206]
waiver authority for contracts of environmental
any six-year period if the contract is of
significance. [Sec. 2205]
environmental significance. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa-7]
Sec. 1240H of the FSA, as amended, authorizes a
Reauthorizes the air quality funding carve-out of $37.5
Eliminates the air quality funding carve-out of $37.5
competitive grants program within EQIP, known as
mil ion of EQIP annual y through FY2017. Adds a
mil ion annual y. Adds research and demonstration
the Conservation Innovation Grants (CIG). Grants
reporting requirement that no later than Dec. 31, 2013,
activities, and new technology pilot testing as eligible
are provided, on a matching basis, to implement
and every 2 years thereafter, a report must be submitted
projects. Adds a reporting requirement identical to
innovative conservation practices. Provides $37.5
to Congress regarding CIG funding, project results, and
Senate bill. [Sec. 2206]
mil ion of EQIP funds annual y (FY2009-2013) to
technology transfer efforts. [Sec. 2207]
address air quality concerns. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa-8]
No comparable provision.
Provides transition language for existing EQIP contracts.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2207]
Amendments to EQIP take effect on October 1, 2013.
[Sec. 2208]
Sec. 1241(a)(6) of the FSA, as amended, authorizes
Authorizes mandatory EQIP funding: $1.5 billion
Authorizes mandatory EQIP funding of $1.75 billion for
mandatory EQIP funding, rising from $1.2 billion in
(FY2014); $1.6 billion (FY2015); and $1.65 billion (each
each fiscal years 2014 through 2018. Amended Sec.
FY2008 to $1.75 billion in FY2014. [16 U.S.C.
FY2016-FY2018). Amended Sec. 1241(a)(5). [Sec.
1241(a)(5) [Sec. 2601(a)]
3841(a)(6)]
2601(a)]
Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP)

No directly comparable provision. Similar to the
Establishes the Agricultural Conservation Easement
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
establishment and purposes section of the Wetlands
Program (ACEP). Combines the purposes of WRP, FPP,
Amended Sec. 1265 [Sec. 2301(a)]
Reserve Program (WRP, Sec. 1237(a)), the Farmland
and GRP. Amended Sec. 1265 [Sec. 2301(a)]
CRS-54


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Protection Program (FPP, Sec. 1238I(a)&(b)), and the
Grassland Reserve Program (GRP, Sec. 1238N(a)) of
the FSA, as amended. [16 U.S.C. 3837(a);
3838i(a)&(b); 3838n(a)]

No directly comparable provision. Similar to
Defines agricultural land easements, eligible entity, eligible
Similar to the Senate bill with differences, including: the
definitions found in Sec. 1237 (WRP) and Sec.
land, program and wetland easement. Divides the
definition of agricultural land does not include the Senate
1238H (FPP) of the FSA, as amended. [16 U.S.C.
easement program into two types––agricultural land
language related to promoting agricultural viability; and
3837 & 3838h]
easements, which include components of FPP and GRP
the House bill contains wetland easements that may
and wetlands easements, which include components of
include cropland or grassland that has prior flooding from
WRP. Amended Sec. 1265A Eligible land is defined as land
a closed basin lake or pothole if the state or other entity
that conserves grassland or agricultural landscape of
is willing to provide a 50% cost-share of the easement.
significant ecological value. [Sec. 2301(a)]
House bill also includes land enrolled in the conservation
reserve program. Amended Sec. 1265A [Sec. 2301(a)]
No directly comparable provision. Similar to Sec.
Retains much of the FPP easement requirements for cost-
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
1238I (FPP) of the FSA, as amended. Provides for
share assistance, agreements with eligible entities,
Amended Sec. 1265B [Sec. 2301(a)]
the purchase of conservation easements by limiting
certification of eligible entities, including review and
the land’s nonagricultural uses. The federal cost may
recertification requirements. Allows for grazing as a
not exceed 50% of the appraised market value of the protected agricultural use, similar to GRP easements.
easement and entities must contribute a minimum of Requires appraisals based on uniform standards of
25% of the acquisition purchase price. Prohibits
professional appraisal practice or any other industry-
bidding down. Requires USDA to include a
approved standard. Requires eligible entities to provide
contingent right of enforcement in the terms of the
contributions equivalent to the federal share or at least
easement, and that a conservation plan be required
50% of the federal share if the entity includes
for any easements that include highly erodible
contributions from the private landowner. Al ows up to
cropland. Establishes a certification process for
75% federal cost-share for grasslands of special
USDA to enter into agreements with eligible entities environmental significance. Establishes an evaluation and
to use FPP cost-share assistance to purchase
ranking criteria for applications. Authorizes the Secretary
easements. To become certified, entities must have
to waive any portion of the eligible entity cash
the authority and resources to enforce easements,
contribution requirement for projects of special
polices in place that are consistent with the
significance, subject to an increase of private landowner
purposes of the program, and clear procedures to
donation equal to the amount of the waiver if donation is
protect the integrity of the program. Agreements
voluntary. Amended Sec. 1265B [Sec. 2301(a)]
with certified entities are a minimum of five years
with a review and recertification required every
three years. Agreements with non-certified entities
are 3-5 years in length. [16 U.S.C. 3838i(c)-(h)]
CRS-55


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
No directly comparable provision. Similar to Sec.
Retains much of the WRP easement requirements for
Identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
1237-1237F (WRP) of the FSA, as amended. WRP
land eligibility, easement terms, compatible uses,
Reduces the land ownership requirement to the
enrol s lands through the use of permanent
easement compensation, violation procedures, duties of
preceding 24-month period. Amended Sec. 1265C [Sec.
easements, 30-year easements, restoration cost-
USDA and the owner, cost-share, restoration, and
2301(a)]
share agreements, or any combination thereof.
technical assistance requirements, and modification and
Eligible lands under WRP include: farmed wetland or termination procedures. Reauthorizes WREP-like
converted wetland, together with adjacent land,
program referred to as the wetland enhancement option.
except wetlands converted before December 23,
No longer allows for stand-alone cost-share restoration
1985; cropland or grassland that was used for
agreements, only 30-year easements, permanent
agricultural production prior to flooding from the
easements (or maximum duration allowed under law),
natural overflow of a closed basin lake or pothole;
and 30-year contracts for Indian Tribes, which may
and possibly farmed wetlands enrolled in CRP that
include restoration assistance. Requires the establishment
are likely to return to production upon contract
of an evaluation and ranking criteria that maximizes the
expiration. Ineligible lands include CRP acres
benefit of federal investment. Retains priority for
containing timber stands or CRP pasture established
easements based on the value of protecting and enhancing
to trees. USDA is required to determine the value
habitat for migratory birds and other wildlife, but
of easements and contracts by providing the lowest
removes consideration for costs and future agricultural
amount of compensation based on a comparison of
and food needs. Makes the reserved grazing rights pilot
the fair market value of the land, a geographic cap,
program permanent. Compensation provisions are similar
or an offer made by the landowner. Easements with
to WRP, but adds a requirement that 30-year contract
values less than $500,000 must be paid out over 1-
(Tribes only) and 30-year easement compensation be
30 years; easements with values greater than
between 50% and 75% of a permanent easement’s
$500,000 are to be paid out over 5-30 years.
compensation. Payment schedules are changed for
Authorized to conduct a Wetlands Reserve
easements with values less than $500,000 to be paid out
Enhancement Program (WREP) for agreements with
not more than ten years and easements with values
states similar to CREP. Priority is given to easements greater than $500,000 to be paid out over 5-10 years.
based on the value of protecting and enhancing
Easement administration may still be delegated, however,
habitat for migratory birds and other wildlife, while
the monitoring and enforcement responsibilities may not.
taking into consideration costs and future
Reduces the land ownership requirement to the
agricultural and food needs. Eligible land cannot have preceding 12-month period. Excludes (A) Shelterbelts and
changed ownership in the previous 7-year period
Windbreaks and (B) Wetland and Saturated Soils - not
unless the new ownership was by wil , succession,
subjecting such cropland, as designated by the Secretary,
foreclosure, or USDA is assured the land was not
with subclass “w” in the land capability classes IV through
acquired for the purpose of enrolling in WRP. [16
VIII. Amended Sec. 1265C [Sec. 2301(a)]
U.S.C. 3837-3837f]
No comparable provision.
Outlines administrative requirements for ACEP using
Similar to the Senate bill, except the House bill allocates
elements of WRP, FPP, and GRP. Provides priority for
funding to no less than 40% annual for agricultural land
CRS-56


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
expiring CRP acres to enter into 1) agricultural land
easement for FY2014-FY2017 and 50% in FY2018.
easements if they are grasslands that would benefit from
Amended Sec. 1265D [Sec. 2301(a)]
long-term easements, or 2) wetland easements if they are
wetlands with the highest functions and value that could
return to production after leaving the CRP. Amended
Sec. 1265D. [Sec. 2301(a)]
No comparable provision.
Requires ACEP participants to meet highly erodible land
Similar to the Senate bill, including the conservation
and wetlands conservation (col ectively known as
compliance requirement. Also amends acreage limitations
conservation compliance) requirements (see 16 U.S.C.
to include the repealed WRP acres in the 25% county
3811 et seq. under Sec. 2609(a-b) for a description).
acreage cap in addition to CRP and the new wetland
Provides technical amendments for other sections.
easements under ACEP. [Sec. 2301(b-d)]
Amendments take effect on October 1, 2013. [Sec.
2301(b-d)]

No directly comparable provision. Sec. 1241(a)(2)
Authorizes mandatory ACEP funding: $450 million
Authorizes mandatory ACEP funding: $425 million
and (a)(5) of the FSA, as amended, authorizes
(FY2014), $475 million (FY2015); $500 million (FY2016);
(FY2014); $450 million (FY2015); $475 million (FY2016);
mandatory funding to enroll WRP & GRP acres
$525 million (FY2017); and $250 mil ion (FY2018).
$500 million (FY2017); and $200 million (FY2018)
respectively. Sec. 1241(a)(4) authorizes mandatory
Amended Sec. 1241(a)(2). [Sec. 2601(a)]
Amended Sec. 1241(a)(2). [Sec. 2601(a)]
FPP funding, rising from $97 million in FY2008 to
$200 million in FY2014. [16 U.S.C. 3841(a)(2);
(a)(4); (a)(5)]

Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP)

No directly comparable provision. Includes elements Establishes the Regional Conservation Partnership
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
of the establishment and purposes section of the
Program (RCPP). Combines the purposes of AWEP, the
Amended Sec. 1271 [Sec. 2401]
Agricultural Water Enhancement Program (AWEP,
Chesapeake Bay Watershed program, CCPI, and the
Sec. 1240I)), the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Great Lakes basin program to further conservation,
program (Sec. 1240Q), the Cooperative
restoration, and sustainability on a regional or watershed
Conservation Partnership Initiative (CCPI, Sec.
scale, and encourage partners to cooperate with
1243) and the Great Lakes basin program for soil
producers in meeting or avoiding regulatory requirements
erosion and sediment control (Sec. 1240P) of the
and implementing projects. Amended Sec. 1271 [Sec.
FSA, as amended. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa-9; 3839bb-4;
2401]
3843; 3839bb-3]
No directly comparable provision. Includes elements Defines covered programs as ACEP, EQIP, CSP & HFRP.
Similar to the Senate bill with differences, including: a
of previously mentioned programs.
Eligible activities include those that address water quality
definition of eligible land; and adds water district,
and quantity concerns, wildlife habitat, erosion, forest
irrigation district, rural water district or association to
restoration, including T&E species, improved biodiversity,
the list of eligible partners. Amended Sec. 1271A [Sec.
CRS-57


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
and enhancement to carbon sequestration and others
2401(a)]
determined by USDA. Eligible partners include state or
local governments, Indian tribes, farmer cooperatives,
organizations or other nongovernmental entity with a
history of working with producers on conservation
projects, municipal water or waste treatment entity.
Amended Sec. 1271A [Sec. 2401(a)]
No directly comparable provision. Includes elements Authorizes competitive partnership agreements for a
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
of previously mentioned programs, primarily AWEP
period not to exceed five years with a possible one-year
Amended Sec. 1271B [Sec. 2401(a]
and CCPI.
extension. Describes the duties of partners as defining the
scope of projects, conducting outreach, acting on behalf
of producers to apply for assistance, leveraging financial
and technical assistance, conducting assessments, and
reporting results. Provides application content, criteria,
and priority. Amended Sec. 1271B [Sec. 2401(a)]
No directly comparable provision. Includes elements Directs USDA to enter into contracts to provide
Similar to the Senate bill except the House bill does not
of previously mentioned programs, primarily AWEP
technical and financial assistance to producers
include alternative funding arrangements. Amended Sec.
and CCPI.
participating in projects with eligible partners and
1271C [Sec. 2401(a)]
producers within a project area or critical conservation
area independent of working through an eligible partner.
Program rules, requirements, and payments are to be
consistent with the covered programs (ACEP, EQIP, &
CSP). Authorizes up to ten alternative funding
arrangements with multi-state water agencies or
authorities. Provides the Secretary discretionary authority
to adjust the rules of a covered program, including
operational guidance and requirements in order to
simplify the application and evaluation process. Prohibits
the adjustment of application of statutory requirements
for a covered program, including appeals, payment limits,
and conservation compliance. Requires the Secretary to
enter into at least 10, but not more than 20 alternative
funding arrangements. Where irrigation has not been
used significantly for agricultural purposes, the Secretary
shall not limit program eligibility on the basis of prior
irrigation history. Amended Sec. 1271C [Sec. 2401(a)]
CRS-58


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
No directly comparable provision. Sec. 1240I(j) of
Authorizes mandatory RCPP funding of $110 million
Authorizes mandatory RCPP funding of $100 million
the FSA, as amended, authorizes mandatory AWEP
annual y for FY2014-FY2018, to remain available until
annual y for FY2014-FY2018, to remain available until
funds of $73 million in FY2009 and FY2010, $74
expended. Retains the CCPI use of 8% of covered
expended. Similar to the Senate bill except the House bill
mil ion in FY2011, and $60 million each fiscal year
program funds and acres, but amends the CCPI al ocation
uses 6% of covered program funds and acres, and amends
thereafter. Sec. 1240Q(h) authorizes Chesapeake
to: 25% for a state competition, 40% for a national
the allocation to include 25% for a state competition, 50%
Bay Watershed program funds of $23 million in
competition, and 35% for critical conservation areas (new
for a national competition, and 25% for critical
FY2009, $43 million in FY2010, $72 million in
category). Retains the AWEP and CCPI restriction on
conservation areas. Amended Sec. 1271D [Sec. 2401(a)]
FY2011, & $50 million in FY2012. Sec. 1243(i)
paying no administrative expenses of eligible partners.
authorizes CCPI to use 6% of covered program for a Amended Sec. 1271D [Sec. 2401(a)]
state (90%) and national (10%) competition. Sec.
1240P(d) authorizes appropriations of $5 million
annual y for the Great Lakes basin program. [16
U.S.C. 3839aa-9(j); 3838bb-4(h); 3843(i);
3839bb-3(d)]

No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to make information on selected projects Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
publical y available. Requires a report to Congress on
[Sec. 2401(a)]
December 31, 2014 (and every 2 years thereafter) on the
status of projects funded. Amended Sec. 1271E [Sec.
2401(a)]

No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to use 35% of the funds and acres
Similar to the Senate bill but limits the number of critical
available for RCPP (see amended Sec. 1271D above) for
conservation areas to 8 that do not expire. Amended Sec.
partnership agreements within no more than six critical
1271F [Sec. 2401(a)]
conservation areas that expire after 5 years, subject to
redesignation. Vital habitat for migrating wildlife is a factor
the Secretary shall consider in determining the six
geographical critical conservation areas. Amended Sec.
1271F [Sec. 2401(a)]
No comparable provision.
Amendments take effect on October 1, 2013. [Sec.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2401(b)]
2401(b)]
Other Conservation Programs


Sec. 1240M(e) of the FSA, as amended, authorizes
Reduces and extends authorization of appropriations to
Extends authorization of appropriations at $60 million
the Conservation of Private Grazing Land
$30 million annual y through FY2018. [Sec. 2501]
annual y through FY2018. [Sec. 2501]
Program. Authorizes appropriations of $60 million
annual y through FY2013. [16 U.S.C, 3839bb(e)]
CRS-59


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Sec. 1240O(b) of the FSA, as amended, authorizes
Reduces and extends authorization of appropriations to
Extends annual authorization of appropriations ($20
the Grassroots Source Water Protection
$15 million annual y through FY2018. [Sec. 2502]
million) through FY2018 and authorizes a one-time $5
Program. Authorizes appropriations of $20 million
million in mandatory funding to remain available until
annual y through FY2013. [16 U.S.C. 3839bb-2(b)]
expended. [Sec. 2502]
Sec. 1240R of the FSA, as amended authorizes state
Reduces and extends authorization of $40 million in
Reduces and extends authorization for $30 million of
grants through a Voluntary Public Access and
mandatory funding for the period of FY2014-FY2018.
mandatory funding for the period of FY2014-FY2018.
Habitat Incentive Program to encourage land-
Requires USDA to submit a report to Congress no later
Requires USDA to submit a report to Congress no later
owners to provide public access for wildlife-
than two years after enactment on the effectiveness of
than two years after enactment on the effectiveness of
dependent recreation. Sets application contents and
the program. Amendments are effective Oct. 1, 2013.
the program. [Sec. 2503]
award priorities providing $50 million in mandatory
[Sec. 2503]
funds for the period FY2009-2013. [16 U.S.C.
3839bb-5]

Sec. 1252 of FSA, as amended, authorizes an
Al ows funding for each conservation program in the
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2504]
Agriculture Conservation Experienced
Food Security Act of 1985, as amended, except CRP, to
Service Program (ACES), such that USDA can
be used to carry out the ACES program. Amendments
enter into agreements with organizations to provide
are effective Oct. 1, 2013. [Sec. 2504]
technical assistance (excludes administrative tasks)
using qualified individuals 55 years or older. [16
U.S.C. 3851]

Sec. 14(h)(2)(E) of the Watershed Protection and
Extends authorization of appropriations through FY2018.
Extends authorization of appropriations through FY2018
Flood Prevention Act (P.L. 106-472), as amended,
Does not authorize any new mandatory funding. [Sec.
and authorizes $250 million in mandatory funding for
authorizes up to $85 million annually in
2505]
FY2014 to remain available until expended. [Sec. 2505]
discretionary funding for the Small Watershed
Rehabilitation Program
for FY2008-FY2013 and
$100 million in mandatory funding for FY2009 to
remain available until expended. [16 U.S.C.
1012(h)(2)(E)]

Sec. 403 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (P.L.
Authorizes the Secretary to modify and terminate
No comparable provision.
95-334), as amended, authorizes the Secretary to
floodplain easements provided the current landowner
undertake emergency measures, including the
agrees, and the modification or termination addresses a
purchase of floodplain easements, to retard runoff
compelling public need for which there is no practical
and soil erosion. [16 U.S.C.2203]
alternative, and is in the public interest. [Sec. 2506]
Sec. 2507 of the Food, Security and Rural
Deletes current section and replaces with new section
No comparable provision.
Investment Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-171, 2002 farm
that adds definitions for eligible land, program, and
bill), as amended, authorizes USDA to transfer $175
terminal lake. Also adds a new voluntary land purchase
CRS-60


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
million of CCC funds to the Bureau of Reclamation
grant program with authorization to receive $25 million
to provide water for at-risk desert terminal
through appropriations to remain available until
lakes. [43 U.S.C. 2211]
expended. Retains provisions for voluntary water
purchases for desert terminal lakes, including the transfer
of $150 million of CCC funds to the Bureau of
Reclamation. [Sec. 2507]
The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to
No comparable provision
Requires that the Secretary give priority to “projects that
undertake emergency measures for runoff
address runoff retardation and soil erosion preventive
retardation and soil erosion prevention to safeguard
measures needed to mitigate risks and remediate effects
lives and property from floods, drought and the
of catastrophic wildfires on land that is the source of
products of erosion whenever fire, flood or other
drinking water for landowners and land users.” [Sec.
natural occurrence is causing or has caused a sudden
2507]
impairment [16 U.S.C. 2203]
No comparable provision
Requires the Secretary to conduct a wetland mitigation
No comparable provision.
study no later than 180 days after enactment to assess the
use of wetland mitigation to determine certain impacts on
wildlife, provide recommendations for improving wetland
mitigation procedures, for the benefit of wildlife, and
allow producers greater access to the wetland mitigation
process. Also requires the Secretary to submit a report
of its findings to Congress no later than two years after
the date of enactment [Sec. 2508]
The Secretary is authorized and directed to develop
Adds Indian tribes as being eligible to cooperate with and
No comparable provision.
in cooperation with and participation by the public
participate in the soil and water conservation program.
through conservation districts, state and national
[Sec. 2509]
organizations and agencies, and other appropriate
means, a national soil and water conservation
program to be used as a guide in carrying out the
activities of the Secretary which assist landowners
and land users, at their request, in furthering soil and
water conservation on the private and non-federal
lands of the nation. [16 U.S.C. 2005]
Sec. 524(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act, as
Amendments made to AMA are discussed in the Crop
Removes tree plantings and soil erosion control from the
amended, authorizes the Agricultural
Insurance title (XI) [Sec. 11029]
list of approved practices. Permanently authorizes $10
Management Assistance (AMA) program. AMA
mil ion in annual mandatory funding with 30% to NRCS
CRS-61


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
provides financial and technical to producers in 16
(conservation), 10% to AMS (organic certification), and
specified states for conservation practices, risk
60% to RMA (risk management). [Sec. 2506]
mitigation, and market diversification. Provides $15
mil ion in annual mandatory funding in FY2008
through FY2014, and $10 million each fiscal year
thereafter. Requires 50% to NRCS, 40% to RMA,
and 10% to AMS. [7 U.S.C. 1524(b)]
Funding and Administration


Sec. 1241(a) of the FSA, as amended, authorizes
Reauthorizes through FY2018 with funding specified for
Similar to Senate bill with different funding levels specified
mandatory funding through FY2012 (and FY2014 for
ACEP and EQIP. Includes payment limits for specific CRP
for EQIP and ACEP. Provides $25 million in FY2014-
CSP, EQIP, FPP, and WHIP) to carry out various
provisions. Provides $50 million to facilitate transfer of
FY2018 to facilitate transfer of land from retired or
conservation programs. [16 U.S.C. 3841]
land subject to CRP contracts from retired or retiring
retiring owner/operators to beginning and socially
owner/operators to beginning and socially disadvantaged
disadvantaged farmers and ranchers in FY2014 through
Note: Authorized funding levels for various
farmers and ranchers for FY2014 through FY2018, to the
FY2018to the maximum extent practicable. Provides
programs are provided in individual program
maximum extent practicable. Provides $450 million for
$425 million for ACEP in FY2014; $450 million for
sections above.
ACEP in FY2014; $475 million for FY2015; $500 for
FY2015; $475 for FY2016, $500 mil ion in FY2017, and
FY2016, $525 million in FY2017, and $250 million in
$200 million in FY2018. EQIP is provided $1.75 billion
FY2018. EQIP is provided $1.5 bil ion for FY2014, $1.6
annual y for FY2014 -FY2018. [Sec. 2601(a)]
billion for FY2015, and $1.65 billion for each year
FY2016-FY2018. [Sec. 2601(a)]

Note: Authorized funding levels for various programs are Note: Authorized funding levels for various programs are
provided in individual program sections above.
provided in individual program sections above.
No comparable provision.
Allows mandatory funding made available for CRP, ACEP,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2601(b)]
CSP, & EQIP to remain available until expended. Any
funds from a previous fiscal year made available through
modifications, cancellations, terminations and other
related administrative actions may be reobligated in a
different fiscal year, but it will reduce the program’s
funding by an equal amount in the fiscal year the
reobligation occurs. [Sec. 2601(b)]
Sec. 1241(c) of the FSA, as amended, allows CCC
Retains a similar provision and requires a report to
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
funds for conservation programs to also be used for
Congress by December 31, 2013 (and each subsequent
[Sec. 2602]
technical assistance. [16 U.S.C. 3841(b)]
year), detailing the amount of technical assistance
requested and apportioned for each conservation
program. Authorizes the Secretary to determine the
CRS-62


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
amount of technical assistance with the exception of
technical assistance for CRP under subtitle D. Requires
the Secretary to give priority to producers who request
technical assistance to comply with subtitles B and C for
the first time. Requires the Secretary to submit a report
to Congress no later than 270 days after enactment on
the extent to which conservation compliance
requirements affect specialty crop growers. Requires the
Secretary to submit a report to Congress describing the
extent to which highly erodible land/wetland conservation
(HEL/WC) determinations are being addressed in a timely
manner, total number of requests completed the previous
fiscal year, incomplete determinations on record, and the
number of requests that remain outstanding more than 1
year since the date of receipt from producer. [Sec.
2602]

Sec. 1241(d) of the FSA, as amended, requires that
Eliminates the $15 million annual requirement and allows
Eliminates the Regional Equity provision by striking 16
each state receives an aggregated minimum of $15
states in the first quarter of the fiscal year to establish
U.S.C. 3841(d). [Sec. 2601]
mil ion annual y from certain mandatory
that they can use a total of 0.6% of certain conservation
conservation programs in order to promote regional funds. If established, those states may receive 0.6% of
equity. [16 U.S.C. 3841(d)]
funds. [Sec. 2603]
Sec. 1241(g) of the FSA, as amended, establishes an
Reauthorizes the EQIP and CSP set-aside through
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
annual set-aside in EQIP and CSP from FY2009-
FY2018. Provides preference for veteran farmers or
[Sec. 2603]
FY2013; 5% to beginning farmers or ranchers and
ranchers eligible under the provision. [Sec. 2604]
5% to socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers.
[16 U.S.C. 3841(g)]
Sec. 1241(h) of the FSA, as amended, establishes
Amends reporting requirements to reflect the repeal of
Similar to the Senate bill except the House bill does not
reporting requirements for program enrol ments
WRP, FPP, GRP, and AWEP and the addition of ACEP
include reporting requirements for CSP payments and
and assistance under WRP, FPP, GRP, EQIP, AWEP,
and RCPP. Adds reporting requirements for CSP
waivers granted to grasslands under ACEP. [Sec. 2604]
CSP, and adjusted gross income waivers. [16 U.S.C. payments and waivers granted to grasslands under ACEP.
3841(h)]
[Sec. 2605]
CRS-63


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Sec. 1242(h) of the FSA, as amended, requires that
No comparable provision
Replaces the 2008 farm bill title with the Federal
USDA review the conservation practices standards
Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013,
in effect on the date of enactment of the 2008 farm
which in effect requires USDA to review the
bill. [16 U.S.C. 3842(h)]
conservation practice standards in effect on the date of
enactment of this bill. [Sec. 2605]
Sec. 1244 of the FSA, as amended, outlines
Adds veteran farmers and ranchers to the list of eligible
Adds veteran farmers and ranchers to the list of eligible
administrative requirements for conservation
persons authorized to receive incentives. Makes
persons authorized to receive incentives. Makes
programs including incentives for certain farmers or
conforming amendments to reflect the new ACEP
conforming amendments to reflect the new ACEP
ranchers, privacy information, conservation plans,
program. Clarifies that conservation payments are in
program. Clarifies that conservation payments are in
acreage limitations, and applications, among others.
addition to and not included in any payment limit caps.
addition to and not included in any payment limit caps.
[16 U.S.C. 3844]
Allows for flexible funding arrangements for Indian Tribes
[Sec. 2607]
and includes EQIP and CSP as applicable programs. [Sec.
2606]

Sec. 2904 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy
Amends and adds the 2008 farm bill regulations provision
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2609]
Act of 2008, (P.L. 110-246, 2008 farm bill) requires
to a new Sec. 1246 of the FSA. Allows interim final rules
USDA, in consultation with CCC, to issue rules and
to be effective upon issuance. Removes the 90 day
regulations implementing Title II provisions within
promulgation requirement and CCC consultation. [Sec.
90 days. Waives certain rulemaking requirements.
2607]
Sec. 1261(b) of the FSA, as amended, requires
Amends provision to allow USDA to review and update
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2608]
USDA to develop standard committee operating
standards as necessary. [Sec. 2608]
procedures for State Technical Committees. [16
U.S.C. 3861(b)]

Sec. 1211 et seq. of the FSA, as amended, requires
Conservation Compliance: Adds the federally funded
No comparable provision.
that in exchange for certain USDA program benefits, portion of crop insurance premiums to the list of
a producer agrees to maintain a minimum level of
program benefits that could be lost if a producer is found
conservation on highly erodible land. Highly erodible to produce an agricultural commodity on certain
land can be considered eligible for program benefits
converted wetlands or highly erodible land without an
if the land user agrees to cultivate the land using an
approved conservation plan or qualifying exemption. A
approved conservation plan or qualifies for an
person found in violation during a crop year shall be
exemption. Examples of affected benefit include
ineligible for crop insurance payment. This applies to
commodity support programs (e.g., Title I farm bill
reinsurance years subsequent to the date of the final
programs), conservation programs, disaster
determination of a violation and does not apply to the
payments, and operating loans. [16 U.S.C. 3811 et
existing reinsurance year or any reinsurance year prior to
seq.]
the date of the final determination.
CRS-64


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Highly Erodible Land Program Ineligibility
Ineligibility for crop insurance shall 1) apply only to
reinsurance years subsequent to the date of a violation. 2)
not apply to the existing reinsurance year or any
reinsurance year prior to the date of final determination.
A person subject to this part for the first time after May
1, 2013, would be given 5 reinsurance years to develop
and comply with an approved conservation plan to remain
eligible for payments.
For any person who would have been determined in
violation of programs requiring compliance after
enactment of the 2008 farm bill, and remains in violation
must be granted 2 reinsurance years to develop and
comply with an approved conservation plan.
Wetland Conservation Program Ineligibility
Under Wetland Conservation Program Ineligibility, a
participant is provided one reinsurance year to initiate a
conservation plan to remedy a violation before being
determined ineligible.
A person subject to this subsection or subsection (d) for
the first time will be granted 2 reinsurance years after the
date of the final determination to take steps to remedy
the violation.
For converted wetland violations determined converted
after enactment of the 2008 farm bill but before May 1,
2013, and continue to be in violation—the person has 2
reinsurance years to begin the mitigation process.
For wetlands converted after May 1, 2013—the person
will be ineligible for premium subsidy in subsequent
reinsurance years unless certain factors apply.
When a wetland is converted prior to the date of
enactment of the 2008 farm bill, ineligibility shall not
CRS-65


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
apply.
For an agricultural commodity for which an individual
policy is available for the first time to a person after
enactment of this bill, ineligibility shall only apply to
conversions that are effective after the date on which the
policy first becomes available to the person, and the
person shall take steps to mitigate any prior conversion –
not to exceed 2 calendar years.
Requires the Secretary to give the person one
reinsurance year to begin mitigation if the person acted in
good faith and did not intend to violate the section.
Requires the Secretary to provide an annual report to
Congress regarding ineligibility determinations limited to
previous 12 months.
Persons seeking payment for a portion of a crop
insurance policy must certify their compliance to the
Secretary. If the Secretary does not make timely
determinations and a person is later found in violation,
the person will remain eligible for payment
The Secretary has authority to determine the amount of
the penalty for violations, with limits – not exceeding the
total paid premium.
The Secretary has sole responsibility to determine
whether a producer is eligible for crop insurance. [Sec.
2609(a)] [Sec. 2609(a)]
Sec. 1221 et seq. of the FSA, as amended, requires
Adds the federal y funded portion of crop insurance
No comparable provision.
that in exchange for certain USDA program benefits, premiums to the list of program benefits that could be
a producer agrees not to convert wetlands to crop
lost if a producer is found to have converted a wetland to
production. The provision, known as Swampbuster,
crop production. [Sec. 2609(b)]
affects producers who plant a program crop on a
wetland converted after December 23, 1985, or
who convert wetlands, making agricultural
commodity production possible, after November 28,
1990. Examples of affected benefit include
CRS-66


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
commodity support programs (e.g., Title I farm bill
programs), conservation programs, disaster
payments, and operating loans. [16 U.S.C. 3812 et
seq.]

Requires the Secretary to exempt a person from
No comparable provision.
Eliminates the requirement to provide equivalent
ineligibility provisions when certain factors apply,
functions and values when more acreage is needed in
including cases where restoration is not greater than
wetland conversion mitigation than a 1-for-1 acreage
a 1-for-1 acreage basis unless more acreage is
basis. [Sec. 2609]
needed to provide equivalent functions and values.
[16 U.S.C. 3822]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Requires the Secretary to submit a report to the House

and Senate no later than 90 days after enactment of this
act pertaining to all USDA administered programs that
benefit the lesser prairie chicken. [Sec. 2610]
Repeal of Superseded Program Authorities and Transitional Provisions

Sec. 1230 of the FSA, as amended authorizes and
Repeals the comprehensive conservation enhancement
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2701]
establishes the comprehensive conservation
program. [Sec. 2701]
enhancement program between FY1996-FY2002.
[16 U.S.C. 3830]
Sec. 1231A of the FSA, as amended, authorizes and
Repeals the emergency forestry conservation reserve
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2702]
establishes the emergency forestry conservation
program with transition provisions for current contracts
reserve program within CRP for areas suffering
to receive CRP funding until expiration. Effective October
damage during the CY2005 hurricanes. [16 U.S.C.
1, 2013. [Sec. 2702]
3831a]
Sec. 1237-1237F of the FSA, as amended, authorizes
Repeals WRP with transition provisions for current
Similar to the Senate bill but does not allow the use of
and establishes the Wetlands Reserve Program
contracts and easements to receive CCC funding until
prior year CCC funding for contracts entered into before
(WRP). [16 U.S.C. 3837-3837f]
expiration. ACEP funding may also be used. Effective
October 1, 2012. Does al ow the use of ACEP funding.
October 1, 2013. [Sec. 2703]
[Sec. 2703]
Sec. 1238H-1238J of the FSA, as amended,
Repeals FPP with transition provisions for current
Similar to the Senate bill but does not allow the use of
authorizes and establishes the Farmland Protection
agreements and easements to receive CCC funding until
prior year CCC funding for contracts entered into before
Program (FPP) and the Farm Viability Program. [16
expiration. ACEP funding may also be used once prior
October 1, 2012. Does al ow the use of ACEP funding.
U.S.C. 3838h-3838j]
year funding is exhausted. Also repeals the Farm Viability
[Sec. 2704]
Program. Effective October 1, 2013. [Sec. 2704]
CRS-67


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Sec. 1238N-1238P of the FSA, as amended,
Repeals GRP with transition provisions for current
Similar to the Senate bill but does not allow the use of
authorizes and establishes the Grasslands Reserve
contracts, agreements, and easements to receive CCC
prior year CCC funding for contracts entered into before
Program (GRP). [16 U.S.C. 3838n-3838p]
funding until expiration. ACEP funding may also be used.
October 1, 2012. Does al ow the use of ACEP funding.
Effective October 1, 2013. [Sec. 2705]
[Sec. 2705]
Sec. 1240I of the FSA, as amended, authorizes and
Repeals AWEP with transition provisions for current
Similar to the Senate bill but does not allow the use of
establishes the Agricultural Water Enhancement
contracts and agreements to receive CCC funding until
prior year CCC funding for contracts entered into before
Program (AWEP) within EQIP. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
expiration. RCPP funding may also be used once prior
October 1, 2012. Does al ow the use of RCPP funding.
9]
year funding is exhausted. Effective October 1, 2013.
[Sec. 2706]
[Sec. 2706]
Sec. 1240N of the FSA, as amended, authorizes and
Repeals WHIP with transition provisions for current
Similar to the Senate bill but does not allow the use of
establishes the Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program
contracts to receive CCC funding until expiration. EQIP
prior year CCC funding for contracts entered into before
(WHIP). [16 U.S.C. 3839bb-1]
funding may also be used once prior year funding is
October 1, 2012. Does al ow the use of EQIP funding.
exhausted. Effective October 1, 2013. [Sec. 2707]
[Sec. 2707]
Sec. 1240P of the FSA, as amended, authorizes and
Repeals the Great Lakes basin program effective October
Identical to Senate bill. [Sec. 2708]
establishes the Great Lakes Basin Program for Soil
1, 2013. [Sec. 2708]
Erosion and Sediment Control. [16 U.S.C. 3839bb-
3].

Sec. 1240Q of the FSA, as amended, authorizes and
Repeals the Chesapeake Bay Watershed program with
Similar to the Senate bill but does not allow the use of
establishes the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
transition provisions for current contracts, agreements,
prior year CCC funding for contracts entered into before
program. [16 U.S.C. 3839bb-4]
and easements entered into under the program to receive October 1, 2012. Does al ow the use of RCPP funding.
CCC funding until expiration. RCPP funding may also be
[Sec. 2709]
used. Effective October 1, 2013. [Sec. 2709]
Sec. 1243 of the FSA, as amended, authorizes and
Repeals CCPI with transition provisions for current
Similar to the Senate bill but does not allow the use of
establishes the Cooperative Conservation
contracts and agreements to receive CCC funding until
prior year CCC funding for contracts entered into before
Partnership Initiative (CCPI). [16 U.S.C. 3843]
expiration. RCPP funding may also be used once prior
October 1, 2012. Does al ow the use of RCPP funding.
year funding is exhausted. Effective October 1, 2013.
[Sec. 2710]
[Sec. 2710]
Sec. 1239-1239D of the FSA, as amended, authorizes Repeals the environmental easement program. [Sec.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2711]
and establishes the environmental easement
2011]
program between CY1991-CY1995. [16 U.S.C.
3839-3839d]

No comparable provision.
Provides technical amendments and spelling corrections.
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
[Sec. 2012]
[Sec. 2712]
CRS-68


Title III. Trade
House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Trade
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Food for Peace Act (All section references in this subsection are to this act.)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Amends Sec. 201 of the Food for Peace Act to specify
that Title II emergency and nonemergency assistance is to
be implemented by the Administrator of the U.S. Agency
for International Development (USAID). Adds building
resilience to mitigate food crises and reduce need for
emergency aid as program objectives of title II. [Sec.
3001]

Section 202(e)(1) Support for Eligible
Amends Section 202(e)(1) to increase the funds made
Reduces funds available to eligible organizations to not
Organizations. Provides that of the funds made
available to eligible organizations for program,
less than 7.5% nor more than 11% for program,
available for Title II emergency and nonemergency
administrative and distribution activities to not less than
administrative, and distribution activities. [Sec. 3002]
food assistance in each fiscal year, the
13% nor more than 15% of funds available for Title II
Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International
emergency and nonemergency assistance. [Sec. 3001]
Development (USAID) shall make available to
eligible organizations (private voluntary
organizations, cooperatives and intergovernmental
organizations) not less than 7.5% nor more than
13% to assist them in establishing new programs,
meeting specific administrative, management,
personnel and internal transportation and
distribution costs for carrying out programs, and
improving and implementing methodologies for
food aid programs, including monitoring, and
evaluation. [7 U.S.C. 1722(e)(1)]
Food Aid Quality. Section 202(h)(1) provides
Replaces and expands Section 202(h)(1) to require that
Requires the Administrator in consultation with the
that the Administrator of USAID shall use the funds the Administrator use funds available to carry out Title II
Secretary of Agriculture (Secretary) to establish a
made available each fiscal year from 2009 and
to assess types and quality of agricultural commodities
mechanism to assure food aid quality. Inserts new
subsequent fiscal years to carry out Title II to
donated as food aid; adjust products and formulation, as
language requiring evaluation of agricultural commodities
assess the types and quality of agricultural
necessary to meet nutrient needs of target populations;
and products in different program settings and for
commodities and products donated as food aid;
test prototypes; adopt new specifications or improve
particular recipient groups; establish and implement
adjust products and formulations (including the
existing specifications for micronutrient food aid
protocols for quality assurance of food products; and
potential introduction of new fortificants and
products, based on latest development in food and
periodically update program guidelines on recommended
products) as necessary to cost-effectively meet
nutrition science; develop new program guidance for
use of agricultural commodities and food products in food
nutrient needs of target populations; and to test
eligible organizations to facilitate improved matching of
aid programs; requires that the Administrator consult
CRS-69


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Trade
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
prototypes. Authorizes not more than $4.5 million
products to purposes; develop improved guidance on
with the Secretary in carrying out food quality activities.
of funds made available for fiscal years 2009
how to address nutritional efficiencies among long-term
through 2011 to carry out this section. [7 U.S.C.
recipients of food aid; and evaluate the performance and

1722 (h)]
cost-effectiveness of new/modified food products and
Reduces funding for food aid quality activities from $4.5
program approaches to meet nutritional needs of
million for fiscal years 2009 through 2011 to not more
vulnerable groups. Extends authority to fund this section
than $1 million for fiscal years 2014 through 2018. [Sec.
for fiscal years 2014 through FY2018. [Sec. 3002]
3003]
Minimum Levels of Assistance. Requires the
Extends current minimum levels of assistance through
Same as the Senate bill. [Sec. 3004]
provision annually of a minimum of 2.5 million
FY2017. [Section 3003]
metric tons (mmt) of commodities under Title II, of
which 1.875 mmt are designated for nonemergency
programs under Title II. Both requirements may be
waived, under certain conditions, by the USAID
Administrator [7 U.S.C 1724]
Food Aid Consultative Group. Establishes the
Reauthorizes FACG through December 31, 2018. [Sec.
Reauthorizes the FACG through 2018.
Food Aid Consultative Group (FACG) composed
3004]
of the Administrator of USAID, the Secretary of
Adds representatives from the U.S. agricultural processing
Agriculture, representatives of eligible
sector to the list of members of the FACG.
organizations, and indigenous nongovernmental
Amends Section 205(d) to require the Administrator to
organizations in recipient countries, U.S. producer
consult with the FACG 45 days in advance of the issuance
groups, and representatives of the maritime
of implementation regulations, handbooks, and guidelines.
transport sector who review overall program
effectiveness.
Requires that the Administrator seek input and consult
[7 U.S.C. 1725]
with the FACG on matters relating to food aid quality.
[Sec. 3005]
Administration. Sec. 207(f). Provides for
Amends Sec. 207(f) to authorize activities under this
Requires the Administrator to promptly issue guidance
program oversight, monitoring, and evaluation, and
section during the period FY2014 through FY2018.
with respect to changes in operation or implementation
requires that systems be established to accomplish
Removes requirements that GAO undertake a study of
of the Title II program.
these tasks. Requires an implementation report be
USAID’s oversight of nonemergency food aid programs.
prepared, to be reviewed by GAO, along with
[Sec. 3005]
Requires that not less than 270 days after enactment of
annual reporting. Authorizes appropriations up to
the farm bill, the Administrator must issue all regulations
$22 million of Title II funds be made available
and revisions to agency guidance necessary to implement
annual y (FY2008-13). Requires procedures be
amendments made to Title II by the 2013 farm bill.,
developed for providing commodities overseas in a
Provides funding of up to $10 million for each fiscal year
timely manner and according to delivery schedules.
for program oversight, monitoring and evaluation through
Authorizes use of up to $8 million of Title II funds
fiscal year 2018. (Reduced from $22 million for each
CRS-70


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Trade
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
to be used for the Famine Early Warning System
fiscal year 2010 to 2012.)
Network. Authorizes $2.5 million (of the $22
million) to upgrade information technology systems
Requires the Administrator to report, within 270 days
in FY2009 to enhance monitoring of Title II non-
after the date of enactment, to the House and Senate
emergency programs. [7 U.S.C. 1726a]
Agriculture Committees, and the House Foreign Affairs
Committee on the implementation of regulations and
guidance; plus surveys, monitoring, reporting and audits of
programs conducted by the eligible organization and by
intergovernmental organizations such as the WFP. [Sec.
3006]

Assistance for Stockpiling and Rapid
Reauthorizes this provision through FY2018. [Sec. 3006]
Same as the House bill. [Sec. 3007]
Transportation, Delivery, and Distribution of
Shelf-Stable Prepackaged Foods.
Authorizes
grants for this assistance of $8 million each FY2008-
2013. [7 U.S.C. 1726b(f)]
No comparable provision.
Limitation on Total Volume of Commodities
No comparable provision.
Monetized. Amends Section 403 General Provisions of
the Food for Peace Act [7 U.S.C. 1733] to require that
the rate of return for a commodity monetized (sold in
recipient countries) be at least 70%. The “rate of return”
is defined as equal to the proportion that the proceeds
the implementing partners generate through monetization
bears to the cost to the federal government to procure
and ship the commodities to a recipient country for
monetization. The USAID Administrator may waive this
requirement but report the reasons for granting the
waiver and other information to House and Senate
Agriculture Committees, House Foreign Affairs, Senate
Foreign Relations, and House and Senate Appropriations
Committees. [Sec. 3007]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Impact on Local Farmers and Economy. Section
403(b) of the Food for Peace Act is amended to require
the Secretary or the Administrator as appropriate to seek
information as part of the proposal and submission
process from implementing partners on the potential
benefits to the local economy of sales of agricultural
commodities within the recipient country.
CRS-71


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Trade
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Amends Sec. 403(e) to require that monetized
commodities be sold at “fair market value” rather than at
“reasonable prices.” Requires the Secretary and
Administrator to coordinate assessments and the
development of approaches to be used by implementing
organizations for determining the fair market value.
Requires Administrator to submit to Congress 180 days
after enactment and annually thereafter a report
specifying amount of funds (for administrative costs,
indirect cost recovery, internal transportation storage
and handling and associated distribution costs) provided
to each eligible organization that receives assistance
under the act and describing how funds were used by
eligible organizations. [Sec. 3008]
Use of Commodity Credit Corporation. Sec.
Revises Sec. 406 of the Food for Peace Act to permit use
No comparable provision.
406 of the Food for Peace Act permits the
of funds available under the Food for Peace Act to pay
Commodity Credit Corporation to pay for costs
costs of up to 20% of activities conducted in recipient
associated with commodities made available,
countries by nonprofit voluntary organizations,
including cost of acquisition, costs of packaging,
cooperative, or intergovernmental organizations. [Sec.
enrichment, preservation or fortification; costs of
3008]
processing, transportation, and handling up to the
time of delivery to U.S. ports; freight charges from
US. ports (or designated Canadian transshipment
ports) to ports of entry abroad; and costs of ocean
transport. [7 U.S. C. 1736]
Procurement, Transportation, and Storage
Extends authority for prepositioning until 2018.
In addition to extending authority for prepositioning
of Agricultural Commodities for
Authorizes from $10 million to $15 million of funds made
through 2018 and authorizing from $10 million to $15
Prepositioning in the United States and
available for prepositioning. [Sec. 3009]
million for such purposes, also authorizes the
Foreign Countries. Sec. 407 authorizes the use
Administrator to establish additional prepositioning sites
of available funds to procure, transport and store
in foreign countries. [Sec. 3009]
agricultural commodities for prepositioning in the
U.S. and abroad. Authorizes USAID to use Title II

funds to procure transport, and store commodities
for prepositioning. Authorizes to be appropriated
up to $10 million in each of FY2008 through
FY2013 for these purposes. [7 U.S.C. 1736(c)(4)]
CRS-72


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Trade
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Annual Report Regarding Agricultural Trade
No comparable provision.
Amends Sec. 407(f) of the Food for Peace Act to include
Programs and Activities. Sec. 407(f). Requires
programs and activities under the McGovern-Dole
the Secretary and the Administrator to report to
International Food for Education and Child Nutrition
the appropriate committees on the programs and
Program. [Sec. 3010]
activities carried out under the act. Also requires
the Administrator to report annually on the
programs, commodities, provided, and
transportation and administrative costs incurred.
Expiration Date. Provides that no agreement
Extends authority to enter into agreements to December
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 3011]
under the Food for Peace Act shall be entered into
31, 2018. [Sec. 3010]
after December 31, 2013.
Minimum Level of Nonemergency Food
Repeals Section 412(e) and requires that of funds made
Authorizes $2 billion each year FY2014 through FY2018
Assistance. Sec. 412(e) specifies that of the funds
available under the Food for Peace Act, not less than 20%
for emergency and nonemergency food aid (reduced from
available for programs under the act, not less than
nor more than 30% shal be expended for nonemergency
$2.5. billion each fiscal year under the 2008 farm bill).
$375 million (FY2009), $400 million (FY2010), $425 food aid under Title II. Further, the amount made
mil ion (FY2011), and $450 million (FY2012 and
available to carry out nonemergency food aid programs
Requires $400 million each year FY2014 through FY2018
FY2013) shal be expended for nonemergency food
under Title II shall not be less than $275 million for any
for nonemergency assistance (down from $450 million in
aid. This “safe box” requirement can be waived
fiscal year. [Sec. 3011]
FY2012 under the 2008 farm bill. Does not alter “safe
only if the President determines that an
box” waiver requirements. [Sec. 3012]
extraordinary food emergency exists, that

resources from the Bill Emerson Trust (see below)
have been exhausted, and the President has
submitted a request for additional appropriations to
Congress equal to the amount needed to reach the
required spending level for nonemergency food aid
and the amount exhausted under the Emerson
Trust. [7 U.S.C. 1736f]
Micronutrient Fortification Programs. Section
Extends Micronutrient Fortification Programs through
Identical to the House bil . [Sec. 3013]
415 of the Food for Peace Act establishes a
FY2018. [Sec. 3013]
micronutrient fortification program for food aid
provided to recipient countries through FY2013 [7
U.S.C. 1736g-2]

CRS-73


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Trade
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
John Ogonowski and Doug Bereuter Farmer-
Extends program through FY2018 and provides for annual Extends program through FY2018 and provides that not
to-Farmer Program. Authorizes voluntary
funding of not less than the greater of $10 million or 0.6% less than the greater of $15 million or 0.5% of funds
technical assistance to raise farm
of the amounts made available for each of fiscal years
available under the act shall be used to carry out the
production/incomes in developing and middle
2013 through 2018 to carry out the Farmer-to-Farmer
Farmer-to-Farmer program. [Sec. 3014]
income countries, emerging markets, and in Sub-
program. [Sec. 3014]
Saharan Africa and the Caribbean Basin. Program is
funded at the greater of not less than $10 million
or 0.5% of funds available under the act, through
FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 1737]
No comparable provision.
Prohibition on Assistance for North Korea. No
No comparable provision.
Title II funds can be used to provide assistance to North
Korea. The President can waive this funding prohibition if
the President determines and certifies to the House and
Senate Agriculture Committees, the House Foreign
Affairs Committee and the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee that the waiver is in the national interest of
the United States. [Sec. 3015]
Other Food Aid Programs


Food for Progress Act of 1985. The Food for
Extends program through 2018. Applies the flexibility and Same as the Senate bill. [Sec. 3201]
Progress Act provides commodities to support
limitation on monetization of commodities provisions that
countries that have made commitments to expand
apply to Title II nonemergency programs.(See Sec. 3007
free enterprise in their agricultural economies.
and Sec. 3008 above.) [Sec. 3201]
Authorized through FY2013.
[7 U.S.C. 1736o]
Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust. Establishes
Extends authority to replenish stocks to maintain the
Same as the Senate bill. [Sec. 3202]
a reserve of commodities and cash to meet
Trust until September 30, 2018. [Sec. 3202]
emergency food needs in developing countries
when there are unanticipated needs or when U.S.
domestic supplies are short. The Trust can be held
as a combination of cash and commodities. The
commodities in the Trust may be exchanged for
funds available under Title II or the McGovern-Dole
Program, or for sale in the market. The funds in the
Trust can be invested in low-risk short-term
securities or instruments. [7 U.S.C. 1736f-1 note]
CRS-74


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Trade
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
McGovern-Dole International Food for
Authorizes such sums as necessary to carry out the
Same as the Senate bill. [Sec. 3204]
Education and Child Nutrition Program.
McGovern-Dole program for each of FY 2014 through
Makes available U.S. agricultural commodities,
FY2018. [Sec. 3204]
financial and technical assistance to carry out food
for education and child nutrition programs in
foreign countries. Authorizes such sums as may be
necessary during FY2008-2013. [7 U.S.C. 1736o-1]
Local and Regional Food Aid Procurement
Establishes a local and regional procurement program
No comparable provision.
Pilot Projects. Establishes a pilot program for
with appropriations of $60 million authorized for each of
local and regional purchase of commodities for
FY2014 through FY2018. Preference in carrying out this
famine prevention to be conducted by USDA with
program may be given to eligible organizations that have,
$60 million in CCC funding (FY2009-2012). [7
or are working toward, projects under the McGovern-
U.S.C. 1726c]
Dole International Food for Education and Child
Nutrition Program. [Sec. 3207]
No comparable provision
Donald Payne Horn of Africa Food Resilience
No comparable provision.
Program. Establishes a pilot program to effectively
integrate all U.S.-funded emergency and long-term
development activities that aim to improve food security
in the Horn of Africa. Authorizes $10 million to carry
out pilot project, subject to appropriations. Requires
USAID Administrator to report to appropriate
committees of Congress on the outcomes of the project.
[Sec. 3208]

Trade Provisions


Export Credit Guarantee Program.
Amends 7 U.S.C. 5641(b) by striking the section and
Reauthorizes the Export Credit Guarantee Program
Authorizes the Commodity Credit Corporation to
replacing it with the requirement that the Commodity
through FY2018. [Sec. 3101]
guarantee the credit made available to finance
Credit Corporation make available for each year FY2014
commercial export sales of agricultural
through FY2018 credit guarantees in an amount equal to
commodities. The CCC is required to make
not more than $4.5 billion. [Sec. 3101]
available the lesser of $5.5 billion annually of
guarantees or the sum of guarantees supported by
$40 million in budget authority plus the amount of
guarantees that the CCC can make available from
unobligated prior fiscal year balances. [7 U.S.C.
56419(b)]

CRS-75


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Trade
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Market Access Program. The Market Access
Reauthorizes MAP at current mandatory funding levels of Identical to the Senate bil .[Sec. 3102]
Program (MAP) provides for CCC funding of
$200 million annual y through FY2018. [Sec. 3102]
export market development for U.S. agricultural
commodities (generic and branded) by eligible trade
organizations. Authorizes CCC funding of $200
mil ion annual y, Provides also for market
development for products that are organically-
produced. [7 U.S.C. 5623]
Foreign Market Development Cooperator
Reauthorizes at current mandatory funding levels of $34.5 Identical to the Senate bil . [Sec. 3103]
Program. The Foreign Market Development
mil ion annual y through FY2018. [Sec. 3103]
Cooperator Program (FMDP) authorizes USDA to
establish and carry out a program to maintain and
develop foreign markets for bulk or generic U.S.
agricultural commodities and products. [7 U.S.C.
5721]

Promotion of Agricultural exports to
Extends EMP through fiscal year 2018. [Sec. 3203]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 3203]
Emerging Markets. The Emerging Markets
Program (EMP) promotes U.S. agricultural exports
in emerging markets. Authorizes direct credits or
export credit guarantees of not less than $1 billion
each fiscal year 2008 through 2013 for exports to
emerging markets. Requires export credit
guarantees be made available to establish or
improve facilities and services for U.S. products. In
addition, authorizes up to $10 million each fiscal
year 2008 through 2013 of CCC funding to be
made available to carry out technical assistance
activities that promote the export of U.S.
agricultural products and address technical barriers
to trade in emerging markets, technical assistance
can include feasibility studies, market research,
industry sector assessments, specialized training,
and business workshops. [7 U.S.C. 5622 note]
Technical Assistance for Specialty Crops).
Reauthorizes TASC at current mandatory funding levels
Reauthorizes TASC as in the Senate bill. In addition
Technical Assistance for Specialty Crops (TASC)
of $9 million annually through FY2018. [Sec. 3205]
requires the Secretary of Agriculture to conduct a study
authorizes USDA to address barriers prohibiting or
CRS-76


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Trade
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
threatening exports of U.S. specialty crops.
of the U.S. market for Atlantic Spiny Dogfish. [Sec. 3205]
Authorizes mandatory CCC funds reaching $9
mil ion annual y (FY2011-FY2013). [7 U.S.C. 5680]
Global Crop Diversity Trust. Requires USAID
Reauthorizes U.S. contribution to the Global Crop
Reauthorizes U.S. contribution to the Global Crop
Administrator to contribute to the Global Crop
Diversity Fund for FY2013-FY2018. [Sec. 3206]
Diversity Fund at $50 million for the period FY2014
Diversity Trust for germ plasm conservation (up to
through FY2018. [Sec. 3206]
$60 million over 5 years) provided that the U.S.
contribution not exceed one-fourth of the total of
funds contributed to the Trust from al sources.
[22 U.S.C. 2220a note]
No comparable provision.
Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and
Under Secretary of Agriculture for Foreign
Foreign Agricultural Affairs. Requires the Secretary,
Agricultural Services. Authorizes the Secretary to
in consultation with the House and Senate Agriculture
establish the position of Under Secretary of Agriculture
Committees and House and Senate Appropriations
for Foreign Agricultural Services. [Sec. 3207]
Committees to propose a plan for reorganization of the
trade functions of USDA, including the establishment of
an Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign
Agricultural Affairs. The Secretary is required to report
on the plan 180 days after the farm bill’s enactment, and
within one year of submission of the report, the Secretary
shall implement the reorganization plan including
establishment of the Under Secretary position. [Sec.
3209]

No comparable provision.
No comparable provision
Department of Agriculture Certificates of Origin.
Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to seek to ensure
that USDA certificates of origin are accepted by any
country with which the United States has entered into a
Free Trade Agreement providing preferential duty
treatment. [Sec. 3208]

CRS-77


Title IV. Nutrition
House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Nutrition
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
Governmental or nonprofit grocery delivery
Adds to the definition of retail food store any “public or
Adds “governmental and non-profit food purchasing and
services. Nonprofit grocery delivery services for
private nonprofit food purchasing and delivery service”
delivery service[s]” that serve the elderly and disabled to
the elderly and disabled are not defined as a “retail
that serves the elderly and disabled. There is considerable the definition of a retail food store, emphasizing that
food store” that can accept SNAP benefits. Such
drafting variation between this and the H.R. 1947
delivery fees are not to be paid with SNAP. Requires
establishments must negotiate waivers with USDA
provision, but the policy changes are largely the same.
USDA regulations to include certain protections and
in order to accept SNAP benefits. Under various
[Sec. 4001]
limitations. [Sec. 4003]
authorities and waivers other retailers may conduct
deliveries to SNAP participants, but fees may not
be paid with SNAP benefits. [7 U.S.C. 2012(k),
(p)]

Standard Utility Allowances. A SNAP
Only LIHEAP payments above $10 would confer this
Only LIHEAP payments above $20 would confer this
household can use a Low Income Home Energy
potential advantage. Payments of $10 or less would no
potential advantage. Payments of $20 or less would no
Assistance Program (LIHEAP) payment (regardless
longer entitle a household to earn a “standard utility
longer entitle a household to earn a “standard utility
of the amount of that payment) to document that
al owance" (SUA) during the benefit calculation process. If al owance" (SUA) during the benefit calculation process. If
the household has incurred heating and cooling
a household received below $10 in LIHEAP assistance,
a household received below $20 in LIHEAP assistance,
costs. This documentation triggers a standard utility households would have to present alternate
households would have to present alternate
allowance (SUA), a figure that enters into the SNAP documentation of utility costs in order to have utilities
documentation of utility costs in order to have utilities
benefit calculation equation. Unless the household
factored into calculating their excess shelter deduction.
factored into calculating their excess shelter deduction.
is already receiving the maximum SNAP benefit, a
[Sec. 4003]
[Sec. 4007]
household’s monthly benefit can increase if the SUA
calculation results in an excess shelter deduction.
[7 U.S.C. 2014(e)(6)(C)]
Broad-based Categorical Eligibility. States may No comparable provision.
Ends “broad-based categorical eligibility," and limits
opt to implement broad-based categorical eligibility.
categorical eligibility to SNAP applicants that receive
Under broad-based categorical eligibility, a SNAP
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) cash
applicant that receives Temporary Assistance for
assistance, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), and state-
Needy Families (TANF) cash assistance,
funded general assistance cash benefits. [Sec. 4005]
Supplemental Security Income (SSI), state-funded
general assistance cash benefits, or any TANF-
funded benefit, may be deemed eligible for SNAP
benefits, if certain income conditions are met. Per
USDA regulation, the TANF-funded benefit must
CRS-78


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Nutrition
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
be for households at or below 200% of the federal
poverty line. [7 U.S.C. 2014(a)]
Verification of Immigration Status. Under
No comparable provision.
Requires all SNAP agencies to verify immigration status
current law and regulation, states must verify
using the SAVE system. [Sec. 4015]
noncitizens’ immigration status, but do not have to
use the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services’
Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements
(SAVE) Program. [7 U.S.C. 2020(p); 42 U.S.C.
1320b–7]

Student Eligibility. In most cases, col ege
Adds the requirement that those students enrol ed in
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 4008]
students ages 18-50 (attending higher education
post-secondary institutions as a requirement of
courses half-time or more) are ineligible for SNAP.
participation in “SNAP Employment and Training,” must
A student enrolled in an institution of higher
be enrol ed in certain employment-oriented training to
education more than half-time is eligible for SNAP
qualify for SNAP; specifically, this includes certain career
benefits only if the individual meets one or more of
and technical education, remedial courses, basic adult
the following qualifications: (1) under 18 years old,
education, literacy, or English as a second language. [Sec.
or age 50 or older; (2) disabled; (3) employed at
4004]
least 20 hours/week or participates in a work-study
program during the school year; (4) a parent (in
some circumstances); (5) receiving Temporary
Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) cash
assistance benefits; OR (6) enrol ed in school
because of participation in certain programs. One
program enrollment exception is a “SNAP
Employment and Training” program. [7 U.S.C.
2015(e)]

Lottery and Gambling Winnings. No
Creates explicit ineligibility for households that receive
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 4010]
comparable provision. Authorizing statute
“substantial lottery or gambling winnings” (as determined
establishes income and asset thresholds for SNAP
by USDA) until the household meets the SNAP resources
eligibility, including that lump-sum, non-recurring
(assets) and income eligibility limits. State SNAP agencies
payments are to be counted as resources (assets)
are to establish agreements with the state gaming agency
not income. [7 U.S.C. 2014]
in order to make determinations of winnings. [Sec. 4005]
Excess Medical Expense Deduction.
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to promulgate regulations to ensure that
Households that include an elderly or disabled
medical marijuana is not treated as a medical expense in
member may have excess medical expenses, as
the calculation of the excess medical expenses deduction.
CRS-79


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Nutrition
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
defined and calculated by statute, deducted from
[Sec. 4006]
the household’s gross income. It has been reported
that some agencies are including medical marijuana
expenses in this calculation. FNS issued a policy
memorandum on July 10, 2012 clarifying that this is
against SNAP law. [7 U.S.C. 2014(e)(5)]
Retail Food Store Definition. SNAP benefits
Amends retail food store definition so that perishable
Amends retail food store definition so that perishable
can be accepted only by authorized retailers.
foods must be provided in at least three of the staple
foods must be provided in at least three of the staple
Among other application requirements, USDA
food categories. [Sec. 4006(a)]
food categories (identical to Senate bill). [Sec. 4002(a)]
authorization of a retailer is based on the retailer’s
inventory and sales. SNAP law defines a retail food
Gives USDA the authority to consider whether the
Like Senate bill, gives USDA the authority to consider
store, and includes within that definition an
applicant store “is located in an area with significantly
whether the applicant store “is located in an area with
establishment that either (1) offers, on a continuous limited access to food” as well as the store’s “depth of
significantly limited access to food” and adds and
basis, a variety of foods in each of 4 staple food
stock, variety of staple food items, and the sale of
strengthens requirements about the adequacy of the
categories [defined in 7 U.S.C. 2012(r)(1)], including [ineligible items listed in Food and Nutrition Act].” The
store’s EBT service. Does not include USDA authority
perishable foods in at least two of the categories,
bill also adds and strengthens requirements about the
to consider the store’s “depth of stock, variety of staple
or (2) has over 50% of its sales in staple foods.
adequacy of the store’s EBT service. [Sec. 4006(c), (d)]
food items, and the sale of [ineligible items listed in Food
Authority exists to consider the nature and extent
and Nutrition Act].” [Sec. 4002 (c), (d)]
of the food business conducted. [7 U.S.C.
2012(p)(1), 2018]

Electronic Benefit Transfer, Manual
Shifts the costs of EBT machinery to retailer (with
Similar to the Senate bill except in the “unique terminal
Vouchers. An electronic benefit transfer (EBT)
exemptions for certain retailers, such as farmers’
identification number information” provision, (i) the
point-of-sale machine can be provided by the state
markets). Bars states from issuing manual SNAP
House chair’s mark includes further specifications for
agency to the retailer at no cost to the retailer
vouchers or al owing retailers to accept manual vouchers
USDA’s rulemaking including “the Secretary shall consider
(many retailers choose to purchase credit card
unless USDA makes such a determination that
existing commercial practices for other point-of-sale debit
machines that also accept EBT). Although SNAP
circumstances or categories of retailers warrant use of
transactions” and that proposed regulations must be
has transitioned to being fully EBT, and paper
manual vouchers. Requires EBT service providers to
issued “not earlier than 2 years after the date of
coupon (“food stamps”) are no longer offered,
provide for and maintain “unique terminal identification
enactment,” (ii) requires retailers to maintain “unique
authority exists to accept manual SNAP vouchers.
number information.” [Sec. 4006(b)]
business identification” in addition to “terminal
Some small retailers use these rather than acquiring
identification number” Also, specifies that the exemption
an EBT machine. No statutory requirements
to cost-sharing may apply to, not only farmers’ markets,
regarding unique terminal identification numbers
but other “direct-to-consumer” markets. [Sec. 4002(b)]
for EBT machines. [7 U.S.C. 2016(f), 2018(h)(3)]
CRS-80


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Nutrition
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Replacement of Cards. Permits state agencies
Adds additional measures regarding “purposeful loss of
Nearly identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 4011]
to col ect a fee for replacement of an EBT card by
cards.” USDA may require a state agency to decline a
reducing the monthly allotment of the participating
request for a replacement card unless the household
household. [7 U.S.C. 2016(h)(8)]
provides an explanation for the loss of the card. The
USDA requirements must include protections for
vulnerable individuals (homeless, disabled, victims of
crimes). USDA is to assure certain procedures occur and
that procedures are consistent with participants’ existing
due process protections. [Sec. 4007]
Technology Modernization. No explicit
Requires, depending on results of a demonstration
Mobile technologies provision is similar to the Senate bill
provisions regarding non-wired EBT machinery for
project, that USDA authorize retailers with EBT mobile
except the language appears to limit the authority to a
redemption or online SNAP transactions are
technologies, if retailers meet certain requirements.
USDA pilot/demonstration on mobile technologies and
included in the authorizing statute. From FY2012
Authorizes and requires the demonstration project and
does not create the authority to continue the
appropriations, USDA is using $4 million to expand
report to be completed by July 1, 2015, and USDA to
redemptions after the end of pilot. The House provision
EBT point of sale devices at farmers markets. A
authorize wireless retailers beginning January 1, 2016,
does not set a date for the mobile technologies report to
number of regulations would need to be rewritten
unless USDA reports to congressional committees of
Congress. [Sec. 4012] With respect to authorizing
or waived to allow redemption via the Internet. [7
jurisdiction that it determines authorization should not be retailers to accept benefits online, the House bill has no
U.S.C. 2016(h), P.L. 112-55]
implemented. Mobile technologies are defined as
provision comparable to the Senate bill.
“electronic means other than wired point of sale devices.”
A similar statutory provision is included for USDA to
authorize retailers to accept benefits online, contingent
upon results of a demonstration project and a report to
Congress. [Sec. 4008]
No comparable provision.
Community-Supported Agriculture. Makes SNAP
Nearly identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 4013]
benefits redeemable for shares of Community-Supported
Agriculture (CSA). In a CSA, a farmer or community
garden grows food for a group of local residents—
members, shareholders, or subscribers—who pledge
support to a farm at the beginning of each year by
agreeing to cover the farm’s expected costs and risks. In
return, the members receive shares of the farm's
production during the growing season. [Sec. 4009]
CRS-81


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Nutrition
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Restaurant Meals Program. States may choose
Creates added responsibilities for state agencies, private
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 4014]
to operate a restaurant meals program, allowing
establishments, and USDA before restaurants may
homeless, disabled, or elderly households to
participate in a restaurant meals program. For
redeem SNAP benefits at restaurants that offer
restaurants that have contracted with the state to accept
concessional prices. States contract with
SNAP benefits before this provision is enacted, the
restaurants, and USDA authorizes them as SNAP
restaurant may continue to accept SNAP without meeting
retailers. [7 U.S.C. 2012(k)(3),(4),(9)]
the additional requirements for no more than 180 days.
[Sec. 4010]
Quality Control. SNAP’s Quality Control (QC)
Strikes the Secretary’s authority to waive QC penalties.
Sets $25 as the threshold level for reporting SNAP errors
system measures the accuracy of the eligibility and
Makes no changes to the error threshold. [Sec. 4011]
in the quality control system for FY2013. In subsequent
benefits calculation in SNAP. Consistently low
years, adjusts for inflation based on the growth of the
performing states are subject to financial penalties.
cost of the thrifty food plan. [Sec. 4031]
The statute gives the Secretary authority to waive
penalties. [7 U.S.C. 2025(c))] The American
Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
temporarily changed the definition of the quality
control error threshold by raising it from $25 to
$50 (meaning that SNAP errors lower than $50
would not “count" as errors in the quality control
system). USDA made the $50 threshold permanent
in regulation in November 2011. [7 U.S.C.
2025(c); P.L. 111-5; 7 CFR 275.12(f)(2)]

Performance Bonus Awards. State agencies are
Requires states to reinvest bonus payments into the
Repeals the SNAP performance bonus awards. [Sec.
currently eligible for, in total, $48 million per year
state’s SNAP program. [Sec. 4012]
4019]
in performance awards. These grant awards are
provided to states for performance
accomplishments in payment accuracy, program
access, application timeliness, and best negative
(improper denial) error rate. There is currently no
requirement that these performance awards be
reinvested in SNAP. [7 U.S.C. 2025(d)]
Employment and Training (E&T). The federal
Provides $90 million in mandatory funds in FY2014,
Reduces the $90 million to $79 million. Establishes
government funds SNAP E&T in 4 ways: (1) $90
FY2015, FY2016, and FY2017. Reduces mandatory
additional monitoring, performance measures, and
million in mandatory funds that are allocated and
funding to $80 million for 2018 and each fiscal year
reporting requirements for SNAP E&T. [Sec. 4020,
reallocated to states based on a formula, (2) $20
thereafter. [Sec. 4013]
4021] See also Sec. 4022 below.
million in mandatory funding allocated to states that
CRS-82


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Nutrition
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
pledge to provide E&T to all able-bodied adults
Repeals the $20 million in mandatory funds for states that
without dependents (ABAWDs), (3) open-ended
pledge to serve al ABAWDs. Caps matching funds at
matching funds for states' administrative costs for
$277 million annually and makes eligible for the matching
E&T, and (4) open-ended matching funds for states'
funds only those states that opt into running the Section
reimbursement of E&T participants' dependent care
139 pilot [Sec. 4039 (discussed further below)]
and transportation costs. Program requirements,
uptake of these funds, and activities designed vary
Authorizes pilot projects to identify best practices for
by state. [7 U.S.C. 2025(h), et al]
E&T programs “to raise the number of work registrants
who obtain unsubsidized employment, increase their
earned income, and reduce their reliance on public
assistance.” Provides $10 million in mandatory funding
for each of FY2014, FY2015, and FY2016. USDA is to
report to Congress on the pilot projects by the end of
FY2017. [Sec. 4023]
Work-related requirements. Able-bodied,
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to authorize all interested and eligible
non-elderly SNAP applicants that are not working
states to participate in a work-related requirement pilot.
are required to register for work opportunities.
This pilot would require states to require all participants
States have the option to require SNAP participants
except for children, elderly, disabled, or parents with
to participate in an E&T activity.
children under 1 year old to work or take part in job
training for a minimum of 20 hours a week. Participating
ABAWDs that do not meet specified work
pilot states must evaluate their pilots and can claim half of
requirements are limited to receive 3 months of
any SNAP savings that the evaluations estimate.
SNAP benefits in a 36-month period. States are
Participating states may not utilize ABAWD waivers or
permitted to exempt a portion of the population
exemptions and are limited to spending federal funding at
from this time limit, based on the number of
FY2012 levels. Includes certain expansions of states’
ABAWDs who received benefits prior to the
disqualification authority. Provides $1 million each year
enactment of the 1996 welfare reform law. A state
for FY2014-2017 for program evaluations. [Sec. 4039]
may—based on data on the availability of jobs—
request or apply for a waiver from this provision
Repeals the authority to grant waivers for a geographic
for the entire state or parts of the state. [7 U.S.C.
area based on the areas availability of jobs. Reduces the
2015(o)]
number of ABAWDs that states may exempt from the
time limit rules. [Sec. 4009]
National Directory of New Hires. States have
No comparable provision.
Requires all states to data-match with the National
the option to use a national child support
Directory of New Hires. [Sec. 4040]
enforcement-related database, the National
Directory of New Hires, to verify and track
employment and income data for SNAP purposes.
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House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Nutrition
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
[Section 453(j)(10) of the Social Security
Act., 42 U.S.C. 653(j)(10)]

Appropriations. Authorizes appropriations for
Reauthorizes appropriations for SNAP and related
Reauthorizes appropriations for SNAP and related
SNAP and related programs through FY2013. [7
programs through FY2018. [Sec. 4014]
programs through FY2016. [Sec. 4024]
U.S.C. 2027(a), P.L. 112-240]
Nutrition Education and Obesity Prevention
Adds promoting physical activity as an allowable use of
Adds the same provision as the Senate bill, but also
Grant Program. Formerly SNAP Nutrition
the funding. [Sec. 4017]
reduces funding for FY2014 and then adjusts for inflation
Education or “SNAP-Ed,” this program provides
in subsequent years. CBO has estimated that these
formula grant funding for states to provide
changes will reduce funding for the program by $146
programs for SNAP (and other domestic food
million over five years and $308 million over ten years.
assistance program) participants as well as other
[Sec. 4028] Further reduces funding (CBO cost estimate
low-income households. With these funds, “[s]tate
not available) for nutrition education. [Sec. 4039]
agencies may implement a nutrition education and
obesity prevention program for eligible individuals
that promotes healthy food choices consistent with
the most recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans.”
[7 U.S.C. 2036a(b)] FY2013 funding was reduced
by $110 million by P.L. 112-240.
Trafficking. Authorizes civil penalties and SNAP
Provides USDA $5 mil ion in FY2014 in additional
Similar to the Senate bill except that the House bill
disqualification penalties for retailers that engage in
mandatory funding to track and prevent SNAP trafficking.
provides USDA $5 million annually in additional
SNAP trafficking (the sale of SNAP benefits for
Also authorizes $12 million subject to appropriations for
mandatory funding to track and prevent SNAP trafficking.
money or ineligible items). USDA enforces those
each year FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 4018]
[Sec. 4029]
penalties through a variety of activities and funds
from the SNAP account. Approximately $8 million
each year was obligated for retailer integrity and
trafficking in FY2010, FY2011, and FY2012. [7
U.S.C. 2021(b)(3)]

Bottle Deposits and Trafficking. Under
No comparable provision.
Amends SNAP law, so that benefits cannot be used to pay
current law, if SNAP is used to buy a bottle of non-
for container deposits. Recipients would have to
alcoholic beverage, SNAP benefits will pay for a
supplement their SNAP purchases of such bottles with
bottle deposit in a state where such deposits are in
their own cash to pay for bottle deposits. [Sec. 4001]
effect, and then the SNAP participant may return
the bottle for the cash deposit in return. The 2008
farm bill added a provision barring SNAP recipients
from intentionally destroying food (e.g., pouring out
CRS-84


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Nutrition
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
liquid) in order to claim the bottle deposit. [7
U.S.C. 2016(p)]
. USDA has included this practice
into the definition of trafficking [7 C.F.R. 271.2].
Expunging benefits. States must expunge from
No comparable provision.
Requires unused benefits to be expunged after 60 days.
participants’ EBT cards benefits that have not been
[Sec. 4038]
accessed after a 12-month period. [7 U.S.C.
2016(h)(12)]

Retailer Trafficking Investigation and
No comparable provision.
Allows pilot project opportunities for states to run
Enforcement. States enforce beneficiary
retailer fraud investigation. Additional federal funding is
trafficking and other fraudulent activities, while the
not provided. Requires that at least one pilot program be
federal government has jurisdiction over SNAP
conducted in a large urban area that administers its own
retailer trafficking and other fraud. [7 U.S.C.
SNAP program. [Sec. 4017]
2021, 7 C.F.R. 278.7]
Validating Participation. States are required to
No comparable provision.
Requires states to submit annual reports demonstrating
match Social Security data to assure that deceased
that the agency has not provided benefits to deceased
individuals are not receiving SNAP benefits.
individuals or to households simultaneously receiving
Households are prohibited from receiving benefits
benefits in another state or to an individual that was
in multiple states simultaneously. There is a
disqualified from receiving benefits. Penalty for
database of individuals that have been disqualified
noncompliance is a 50% reduction in federal share of
from SNAP. [7 U.S.C. 2015(j), 2020(r)]
administrative costs. [Sec. 4033]
Outreach. While federal matching funds are
No comparable provision.
Further specifies that the federal administrative cost-
provided for states’ SNAP administrative costs,
sharing is not available for state “recruitment activities
those matching funds are not available for certain
designed to persuade an individual to apply for program
recruitment activities (defined in regulation). USDA
benefits or that promote the program via television,
may use appropriated funds for SNAP outreach
radio, or bil board advertisements.” Creates additional
activities including advertisements. Since 2004, the
restrictions for the SNAP funding authorized to be
USDA has partnered with Mexico to provide
appropriated, including recruitment activities designed to
information about the nutrition assistance programs
persuade an individual to apply, certain media
for eligible new Americans at Mexican consulates in
advertisements (advertisement restriction does not apply
the United States. [7 U.S.C. 2025(a), 7 U.S.C.
to disaster assistance); and agreements with foreign
2027(a), 7 CFR 272.5]
governments designed to promote the program. Bans
entities from compensating individuals for conducting
SNAP outreach, if compensation is based on the number
of individuals recruited for program. [Sec. 4018] Seeks to
terminate the existing nutrition assistance agreement
CRS-85


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Nutrition
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
between USDA and the Mexican government. [Sec.
4034]

Section 17 of the Food and Nutrition Act gives
No comparable provision.
Mandates cooperation of “states, state agencies, local
USDA SNAP (and other programs authorized by
agencies, institutions, facilities such as data consortiums,
the act) research and evaluation authorities but
and contractors” participating in Food and Nutrition Act
does not explicitly require cooperation of related
programs in USDA evaluations and studies. [Sec. 4022]
institutions. [7 U.S.C. 2026]
[See also Section 4021 (discussed above)]
Data Exchange Standardization. In recent
No comparable provision.
Adds these data exchange standards for SNAP to the
years, authorizing laws of the Temporary
Food and Nutrition Act. [Sec. 4016]
Assistance for Needy Families and Unemployment
Insurance have been amended to include data
exchange standards. [P.L. 112-96, Secs. 2105,
4003]

Eligibility Disqualifications for Ex-offenders.
Bars individuals convicted of specified federal crimes
Similar to Senate bill but also specifies that restrictions
Under SNAP current law, added by the 1996
(including murder, rape, certain crimes against children),
will only apply to individuals with convictions after the
welfare reform law, states have the option to
and state offenses determined by the Attorney General to date of enactment. [Sec. 4037]
disqualify individuals with drug-related convictions,
be substantially similar, from receiving SNAP. Still allows
opt out of the ban entirely, or modify the ban. As
the disqualified ex-offender’s household members to
of August 2012, 12 states or territories
apply for and potential y receive benefits. Requires the
implemented a lifetime drug-related felon
state agency to collect, in writing, information on SNAP
disqualification. [Section 115 of P.L. 104-193]
applicants’ convictions. [Sec. 4020]
P.L. 104-193 also disqualified “fleeing felons.”

Applicant drug-testing. For the most part,
No comparable provision.
Allows states to enact legislation authorizing drug testing
USDA and SNAP law does not allow states to use
for SNAP applicants. Such state policies are to be
drug testing in determining eligibility for SNAP.
implemented at ful cost to the state. [Sec. 4036]
There are exceptions related to the drug-related
felon disqualification state option and TANF
comparable disqualification policies. [7 U.S.C.
2014(b); Section 115 of P.L. 104-193]

Programs in Lieu of SNAP


Food Distribution Program on Indian
Requires USDA to study the feasibility of a demonstration Extends FDPIR’s appropriations authority for
Reservations (FDPIR). Authorizing statute for
project for Tribes (in lieu of states or other
“Traditionally and Locally-grown Food Fund” through
FDPIR contains discretionary authority for a
administrating entities) administering nutrition assistance
FY2016. [Sec. 4004] Like Senate bill, requires USDA to
“Traditionally and Locally-grown Food Fund.”
programs in lieu of states. Extends FDPIR’s
study the feasibility of a demonstration project for Tribes
CRS-86


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Nutrition
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
These funds are for USDA purchase of traditional
appropriations authority for “Traditionally and Locally-
(in lieu of states or other administrating entities)
and locally-grown foods to be distributed to FDPIR
grown Food Fund” through FY2018. Al ows Tribes to
administering nutrition assistance programs in lieu of
households. Authority to appropriate $5 million
substitute local, tribal foods for up to 5% of their FDPIR
states. [Sec. 4041]
annual y to this fund for FY2008-FY2013. [7 U.S.C.
entitlement commodities. [Sec. 4003][See also Section
2013(b)(6); 7 U.S.C. 612c note(a)-(b), P.L. 93-
4101]
86]]
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
No comparable provision.
Authorizes and provides $1 million in FY2013 and FY2014
Islands. While Guam and the Virgin Islands
for a study to gauge CNMI’s capacity to administer a
participate in SNAP, Puerto Rico, American Samoa,
SNAP pilot. Authorizes and provides administrative and
and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
technical assistance funds to support pilot based on study
Islands (CNMI) do not. Puerto Rico, American
results ($13.5 million in FY2015, $8.5 million in each of
Samoa, and CNMI, instead receive a nutrition
FY2016 and FY2017. [Sec. 4032]
assistance block grant in lieu of SNAP. [7 U.S.C.
2028; P.L. 96-597]

Puerto Rico. As part of Puerto Rico’s
No comparable provision.
Bars Puerto Rico from using the NAP federal funds to
administration of Nutrition Assistance Program
distribute cash benefits. [Sec. 4025]
block grant funds (see above), program recipients
receive 25% of their benefits as cash. Current law
does not bar this flexibility.
Community Food Projects


Permanently authorizes a grant program for eligible
Amends the definition of Community Food Project, to
Does not make any changes to organizations and
nonprofit organizations, in order to improve
include many of the entities and areas of expertise that
purposes eligible for funds. Increases funding for
community access to food. Grants require 50% in
may have been eligible for Hunger-free Community
community food projects to a total of $15 million annually
matching funds. 2008 farm bill added an authority
Grants [see Section 4204 below]. Deletes Healthy
and carves out $5 million of these funds for projects that
and $1 million in mandatory funding for FY2009-
Urban Food Enterprise Development Center and
would incentivize low-income households’ fruit and
2011 for a Healthy Urban Food Enterprise
Innovative Programs for Addressing Common
vegetable purchases. [Sec. 4026]
Development Center. 2002 farm bill added a
Community Problems provisions. Adds the requirement
$200,000 set-aside for Innovative Programs for
that USDA report to Congress on these Community
Addressing Common Community Problems.
Food Project grants by September 30, 2014. Funding
Provides $5 million annual y in mandatory funding
remains at $5 million in annual mandatory funds. [Sec.
for this purpose. [7 U.S.C. 2034]
4015]
The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP)
For FY2009, mandates $250 million in TEFAP
Increases funding by $54 million over 10 years.
Increases funding by $209 million over 5 years and $333
commodity purchases. For FY2010-FY2013, the
Entitlement commodity funding increases are in the first 5 million over 10 years (according to CBO). Makes annual
CRS-87


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Nutrition
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
$250 million in FY2009 is to be adjusted for food-
years of the budget window: +$22 million for FY2014,
commodity entitlement funding available for a 2-year
price inflation each year. This funding is available
+$18 million for FY2015, +$10 mil ion for FY2016, +$4
period. [Sec. 4027(a)] Requires USDA to devise a plan
only in the year that it is provided. [7 U.S.C.
mil ion for FY2017. Inflation adjustment between years
for increasing the purchasing of and modifying the labeling
7511a(d), P.L. 112-240]
remains in place. Makes annual commodity entitlement
of Kosher and Halal foods for food banks. [Sec. 4054]
funding available for a 2-year period. [Sec. 4016]
Authorizes appropriations ($15 million a year
Extends discretionary authority through FY2018. [Sec.
Extends discretionary authority through FY2016. [Sec.
through FY2013) for TEFAP “infrastructure grants.” 4016]
4027(b)]
Grants are to be made to emergency feeding
organizations (emphasizing those serving mostly
rural communities) for projects that improve
storage, distribution, and other capacity building. [7
U.S.C. 7511a(d), P.L. 112-240]

Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP)
Authority to purchase and distribute CSFP and
Reauthorizes through FY2018. [Sec. 4101]
Reauthorizes through FY2016. [Sec. 4042]
FDPIR foods expires at the end of FY2013. [7
U.S.C. 612c note(a)-(b), P.L. 93-86,
P.L. 112-
240]

Income-eligible pregnant and post-partum women,
Only income-eligible elderly would be eligible for CSFP.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 4043]
infants, children, and the elderly (defined as 60
Enrol ed women, infants, and children (who are
years or older) are eligible to participate in CSFP.
disqualified by this new provision) would be allowed to
[7 U.S.C. 612c note(g), P.L. 93-86] (According to
participate until their certification period expires. [Sec.
FY2011 USDA-FNS data, 97% of CSFP participants
4102]
were elderly.)
Food Distribution for Child Nutrition Programs
Authority for USDA to enter into reprocessing
Reauthorizes through FY2018. [Sec. 4103] Explicitly
Identical to Senate bill, except reauthorizes through
agreements with private companies in order to
authorizes USDA to contract with a processor and retain
FY2016. [Sec. 4044, 4045]
process commodity foods for donation and
title to those foods during processing. [Sec. 4104]
distribution to nutrition programs expires at the
end of FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 1431e(2)(A), P.L. 112-
240]
USDA, through a pilot project, is currently
contracting with processors to provide processed
foods to schools.
In addition to the minimum ($200 million-a-year)
Establishes that the $50 million fresh fruit and vegetable
Establishes that the $50 million fresh fruit and vegetable
acquisitions required by the 2002 farm bill, USDA is acquisition requirement remains in effect through FY2018. acquisition requirement remains in effect through FY2016.
CRS-88


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Nutrition
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
required to purchase additional fruits, vegetables,
[Sec. 4201]
Includes a pilot grant program that would allow 5 states
and tree nuts for use in domestic nutrition
to use this fresh fruit and vegetable funding for their own
assistance programs using Section 32 funds. The
local sourcing of produce. [Sec. 4049]
added purchases required are: $190 million
(FY2008), $193 million (FY2009), $199 million
(FY2010), $203 million (FY2011), and $206 million
(FY2012 and each year thereafter). Of this money
for additional purchases, at least $50 million
annual y is required for USDA fresh fruit and
vegetable acquisitions for schools. (The
Department of Defense Fresh Fruit and Vegetable
Program (“DoD Fresh”) is one of the ways this is
accomplished). [7 U.S.C. 612c-4]
No comparable provision.
Creates a pilot project to purchase pulse crops (dry
No comparable provision.
beans, dry peas, lentils, and chick peas) and pulse crop
products for schools. This pilot is analogous to the whole
grain pilot and also includes an evaluation component [42
U.S.C. 1755a; Sec. 14222(d) of P.L. 110-246]. Authorizes
up to $10 million in discretionary appropriations. [Sec.
4206]

Farm-to-School Programs. Section 9(d) of the
Requires USDA to conduct demonstration projects “to
Allows USDA to permit school food authorities with low
Russel National School Lunch Act encourages
facilitate the purchase of unprocessed and minimally
annual commodity entitlement values to substitute local
schools to use available school lunch funds for local
processed locally grown and locally raised agricultural
foods entirely or partially instead of USDA provided
food purchases and to incorporate a local
products” for schools that participate in the National
foods. Gives USDA discretion to establish cost-neutral
preference [42 U.S.C. 1758(d)]. Schools redeem
School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs. [Sec.
farm-to-school demonstration projects. [Sec. 4050] (See
National School Lunch Program commodity
4208]
also [Sec. 4049] discussed above)
entitlement food assistance based on USDA’s
purchases and offerings [42 U.S.C. 1754]. P.L. 111-
296 authorized and provided $4 million for farm-to-
school projects [42 U.S.C. 1769(g)].
Senior Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program


Authorizes and provides $20.6 million annually for
Reauthorizes and continues to provide CCC mandatory
Provides CCC mandatory funding of $20.6 million
the Senior Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program
funding of $20.6 million annually through FY2018. [Sec.
annual y through FY2016. Expands eligibility from “low-
through FY2012. [7 U.S.C. 612c-4(b)]
4202]
income seniors” to “low-income seniors and low-income
families who are determined to be at nutritional risk.”
CRS-89


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Nutrition
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Requires that at least 50% of the funds be reserved for
seniors. Also adds an authorization to appropriate “such
sums as are necessary” to the mandatory funding of $20.6
million per year. [Sec. 4046]
Other Nutrition and Food Security


Programs
Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (program that
No comparable provision.
Changes the name of the program to “Fruit and Vegetable
provides fruit and vegetable snack to school
Program.” Would al ow purchase and provision of frozen,
children throughout the day) purchases are limited
canned, dried fruits and vegetables. [Sec. 4048]
to fresh fruits and vegetables. [42 U.S.C. 1769a]
Authorized to be appropriated such sums as are
Amends the hunger-free community grants to “incentive
No comparable provision.
necessary through FY2012 for matching grants (1)
grants” for projects that incentivize SNAP participants to
to food program service providers and nonprofits
buy fruits and vegetables. Limits federal cost share to
for col aborative efforts to assess community
50%. Provides $100 million in mandatory funding over 5
hunger problems and to achieve “hunger-free
years. Discretionary authority of $5 million per year.
communities” and (2) to emergency feeding
[Sec. 4204]
organizations for infrastructure development. Any
available funding is to be divided equal y between
these 2 grant initiatives, and the federal matching
percentage is limited to 80%. [P.L. 110-246, Sec.
4405]
The 2008 farm bill also authorized pilot
projects designed to improve the health status of
participants, including a mandatory provision of $20
million for "point of purchase incentive" projects.
(USDA has since implemented the Healthy Incentives
Pilot
in Hampden County, Massachusetts) [7 U.S.C.
2026(k)]

2002 farm bill authorized and 2008 farm bill
Repeals this section. [Sec. 4203]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 4047]
extended discretionary authority for a “Nutrition
Information Awareness Pilot Program. “ [7 U.S.C.
1755a]

Currently, the Administration administers a Healthy Authorizes up to $125 million to be appropriated for a
Identical to Senate bill [Sec. 4052].
Food Financing Initiative (HFFI) by requesting
“Healthy Food Financing Initiative” to remain available
appropriations for several existing statutory
until expended. USDA is authorized to approve a
authorities in order to provide grants and tax
community development financial institution as “national
CRS-90


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Nutrition
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
credits to support development of food retailers in
fund manager” that would administer these funds by
underserved communities. Congress provided no
supporting food retail projects that would “expand or
funding for USDA for this initiative, but did provide
preserve access to staple foods” (as defined within this
$22 million for the U.S. Department of the
section) and accept SNAP benefits. [Sec. 4205]
Treasury to administer the New Market Tax
Credits for retail food outlets. [P.L. 112-55]
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are jointly
Requires that the Guidelines include specifications for
No comparable provision.
published by USDA and the Department of Health
pregnant women and children under the age of 2 years,
and Human Services. The Guidelines provide advice
by no later than the 2020 edition. [Sec. 4207]
for people 2 years and older about how good
dietary habits can promote health and reduce risk
for major chronic diseases. Every five years, the
two departments charter a committee to review
the peer-reviewed, published science on diet and
health and develop a report of its
recommendations for the next edition of the
Guidelines. [7 U.S.C. 5341(a)]
In recent years, USDA has promulgated regulations
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to conduct “a review of the economic
for the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for
and public health benefits of white potatoes on low-
Women, Infants and Children (WIC), National
income families who are determined to be at nutrition
School Lunch Program (NSLP), and School
risk.” [Sec. 4051]
Breakfast Program (SBP) that affect consumption of
white potatoes by program participants’.
Regulations for NSLP and SBP implement the most
recent child nutrition reauthorization (P.L. 111-
296). [42 U.S.C. 1753(b)(3); 7 C.F.R. parts 210,
225, 246]

No comparable provision in current law. In 1994,
Requires USDA to establish a multiagency task force to
No comparable provision.
USDA convened a tri-agency “Commodity
provide guidance to the commodity distribution
Improvement Council” to discuss the balance of
programs. Task force must be composed of at least 4
nutrition content of products with support for
members, representing FNS’s Food Distribution Division,
domestic agriculture. The Council was composed
Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), Farm Service
of the Under Secretary for Food, Nutrition and
Agency (FSA), and Food Safety and Inspection Service
Consumer Services; Under Secretary for Farm and
(FSIS). Task force is to report to Congress not later than
Foreign Agriculture Services; and, the Assistant
one year after convening. The section does not include
Secretary for Marketing and Regulatory Programs.
appropriations language. [Sec. 4209]
CRS-91


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Nutrition
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
The council published a report in 1995.
No comparable provision.
Creates a Food and Agriculture Service Learning Program No comparable provision.
with statutory purposes that include: increasing capacity
for food, garden, and nutrition education; complementing
the work of the federal farm-to-school grants;
coordinating with the related National Institute of Food
and Agriculture (NIFA) work. USDA is to evaluate the
program regularly and report the results to congressional
committees of jurisdiction. $25 million is authorized to be
appropriated and is to remain available until expended.
20% of funds set aside for NIFA for particular purposes.
Funding is to “supplement not supplant” current efforts.
[Sec. 4210]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Service of traditional foods in public facilities.
Requires USDA to allow the donation and provision of
traditional tribal foods, if the food service provider meets
certain conditions. [Sec. 4035]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Review of sole-source contracts. Requires USDA to
study and issue a report to Congress on the effect of
“sole-source contracts” in the nutrition programs. [Sec.
4053]


CRS-92


Title V. Credit
House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Credit
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
Restructures the ConAct by updating language and more
Does not restructure the ConAct, but makes minor
Act (a.k.a. ConAct) [7 U.S.C. 1921 et seq.]
clearly organizing the farm and rural development
changes as described below. [Title IV]
programs into separate titles. Minor changes to some
program parameters as described below, though most
provisions are substantially the same and renumbered.
[Sec. 5001]
Note: References below cite the new numbering of the
ConAct, for provisions notably amended by the Senate bill,
followed by the section of
S. 954 making the change.
Farm Loans


Farm Ownership Loans. Authorizes direct and
Substantial y the same, except as noted below. Subtitle A,
No restructuring of the ConAct. Changes to specific
guaranteed loans for farm real estate purchases to
Chapter 1 of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
provisions noted below.
eligible producers who do not qualify for credit
from other lenders. [7 U.S.C. 1922-1925, 1927,
1934-1936]

Allows farm ownership loans for the following
Gives USDA discretion to allow alternative legal entities
Similar to the Senate bill, but specifies a 75% ownership
types of entities: cooperatives, corporations,
to qualify for farm ownership loans. Section 3101(b)(3) of
requirement in certain instances. [Sec. 5001(a)]
partnerships, joint operations, trusts, and limited
the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
liability companies. [7 U.S.C. 1922(a)]
For direct loans, requires at least three years of
Gives USDA discretion to allow alternatives to meet the
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 5001(b)]
farming experience and either be a beginning
three-year experience requirement for direct loans.
farmer, not have received prior direct farm
Section 3101(c)(1) of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
ownership loans, or not have received a direct farm
ownership loan more than 10 years ago. [7 U.S.C.

1922(b)(1)]
Allows conservation loans for the following types of Gives USDA discretion to allow alternative legal entities
Gives USDA discretion to allow alternative legal entities
entities: cooperatives, corporations, partnerships,
to qualify for conservation loans, by reference. Section
to qualify for conservation loans. [Sec. 5002(a)]
joint operations, trusts, and limited liability
3103(c)(2) of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
companies. [7 U.S.C. 1924(c)(1)]
CRS-93


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Credit
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Maximum conservation loan guarantee amount is
No change. Section 3013(e) of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
Increases maximum conservation loan guarantee to 90%.
75%. [7 U.S.C. 1924 (e)]
[Sec. 5002(b)]
Authorizes appropriations for conservation loans
Reauthorizes appropriations through FY2018. Section
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 5002(c)]
through FY2013 [7 U.S.C. 1924(h)]
3103(h) of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
Authorizes a down-payment loan program within
Substantially the same, except increases the maximum
Increases the maximum down payment loan to 45% of
the farm ownership loan program for beginning
down payment loan to 45% of $667,000. Section
$667,000 (same as Senate bill). [Sec. 5003]
farmers and ranchers and socially disadvantaged
3107(b)(1) of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001].
farmers and ranchers. Maximum down payment
loan size is 45% of $500,000, among other terms.
[7 U.S.C. 1935]
For mineral rights to be included as part of the
No change. Section 3105(e) of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
Eliminates the requirement that mineral rights be
collateral securing a loan, the mineral rights must
specifically appraised. [Sec. 5004]
be specifically appraised. [7 U.S.C. 1927(d)]
Farm Operating Loans. Authorizes direct and
Substantial y the same, except as noted below. Subtitle A,
No reorganization of the ConAct. Changes to specific
guaranteed loans for purchasing livestock, poultry,
Chapter 2 of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
provisions noted below.
equipment, feed, seed, fertilizer, other supplies,
financing land or water development,
reorganization, and certain other purposes to
eligible producers who do not qualify for operating
credit at other lenders. [7 U.S.C. 1941-1949]
Allows operating loans for the following types of
Gives USDA discretion to allow alternative legal entities
Similar to the Senate bill, but specifies a 75% ownership
entities: cooperatives, corporations, partnerships,
to qualify for farm operating loans. Section 3201(b)(3) of
requirement in certain instances. [Sec. 5101]
joint operations, trusts, and limited liability
the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
companies. [7 U.S.C. 1941(a)]
Allows farm operating loans to youth for projects
No change.
Eliminates rural residency requirement for youth loans.
for in 4-H Clubs, Future Farmers of America, etc.
[Sec. 5102]
[7 U.S.C. 1941(b)(1)]
Youth loans are made under the personal liability of Allows a borrower who defaults on a youth loan to still
Gives USDA the option to waive personal liability for
the borrower, and have the option of a cosigner. [7 qualify for federal educational loans. Section 3201(d)(5) of
youth loans if default is due to circumstances beyond the
U.S.C. 1941(b)(2)-(3)]
the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
borrower’s control. [Sec. 5103]
USDA created a microloan program within the
No comparable provision.
Creates a microloan program for direct or guaranteed
existing direct farm operating loan program, using
loans. The maximum microloan is $35,000, with a total
its regulatory prerogative. The program allows a
microloan indebtedness of $70,000 to any borrower.
CRS-94


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Credit
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
maximum of $35,000 per loan, with streamlined
USDA may contract with community-based, state entities
loan applications, and relaxed/flexible eligibility
or other intermediaries to make or guarantee loans or to
requirements. [Federal Register, Vol. 78, No. 12,
provide services. [Sec. 5104]
pp. 3828-3836, Jan. 17, 2013]
No comparable provision.
Creates a “Pilot Loan Program To Support Healthy Foods No comparable provision.
for the Hungry.” Individual loans of between $500 and
$5,000 to gleaners (defined as collecting surplus food that
would be discarded or harvesting donated crops for free
distribution) and other regular farm operating loan
borrowers for the purpose of assisting the borrowers in
providing food to the hungry. Funded from within the
farm operating loan program, up to a maximum total of
$500,000. Section 3201(e) of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
Limits eligibility for direct farm operating loans to 6
Limits eligibility for direct farm operating loans to “10
No change to current law.
years, with a one-time 2-year extension under
years, excluding years that the farmer did not receive a
certain terms at USDA’s discretion. [7 U.S.C.
direct operating loan. Section 3201(c)(1)(C) of the
1941(c)(1)(C)]
ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
Limits eligibility for guaranteed farm operating loans Eliminates (omits in reorganization of the ConAct) any
No change to current law.
to 15 years [7 U.S.C. 1949(b)]. his limit had been
term limit on guaranteed farm operating loans.
suspended through 2010 [P.L. 110-246, Sec.
5103]
, but since Jan. 1, 2011, has been in effect.
Allows loans to soil conservation districts that
Omits reference to conservation districts.
No change to current law.
cannot obtain credit elsewhere, up to $500,000, for
the purchase of equipment [7 U.S.C. 1944]
No comparable provision.
Adds local and regional food production to the allowed
No comparable provision.
purposes for farm operating loans. Includes direct-to-
consumer/institution/store and value-added activities.
Ensures for training of USDA loan officers, outreach, and
crop valuation methods for loan purposes. Section
3202(a)(11) and 3202(e) of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
CRS-95


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Credit
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Emergency Loans. Authorizes direct and
Substantial y the same, except as noted below. Subtitle A,
No reorganization of the ConAct. Changes to specific
guaranteed loans for recovery from natural
Chapter 3 of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
provisions noted below.
disasters and quarantines declared by the Secretary
or Stafford Act emergencies declared by the
President. [7 U.S.C. 1961-1970]
Includes equine farmers and ranchers [7 U.S.C.
Does not mention equine farmers and ranchers in Sec.
No change to current law.
1961(a)]
3301 or Sec. 3002 (definitions) of the ConAct.
No comparable provision.
Adds commercial fishermen to list of eligible borrowers
No comparable provision.
for emergency loans. Section 3301(a) of the ConAct.
[Sec. 5001]
Allows emergency loans for the following types of
Gives USDA discretion to allow alternative legal entities
Similar to the Senate bill, but specifies a 75% ownership
entities: cooperatives, corporations, partnerships,
to qualify for emergency loans. Section 3301(b)(3) of the
requirement in certain instances. [Sec. 5201]
joint operations, trusts, and limited liability
ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
companies. [7 U.S.C. 1961(a)]
Requires hazard insurance at the time the loss
Omits any exception for poultry farmers in the hazard
No change to current law.
occurred. Provides an exception for poultry
insurance requirement. Section 3301(d) of the ConAct
farmers who were unable to obtain insurance. [7
[Sec. 5001]
U.S.C. 1961(b)(3)]
Administrative Provisions. Sets other terms,
Substantial y the same, except as noted below. Subtitle A,
No reorganization of the ConAct. Changes to specific
including loan servicing. [7 U.S.C. 1981-2008l]
Chapter 4 and Subtitle C of the ConAct [Sec. 5001]
provisions noted below.
Definitions. A qualified beginning farmer or
Replaces “median” with “average” in the definition of a
Similar to the Senate bill (replaces “median” with
rancher is defined, in general, as one with less than
qualified beginning farmer’s ownership limitation: “does
“average” in the definition of a qualified beginning farmer).
10 years of farming experience, meets participation
not exceed 30% of the average county acreage.” This
[Sec. 5302(b)] Also, gives USDA discretion to allow
and other requirements especial y if more than one
would expand eligibility if the average exceeds the
alternative legal entities to qualify as a beginning farmer or
person or entity is involved, and owns a farm that is median, such as when small farms outnumber larger farms rancher. [Sec. 5302(a)]
smaller than 30% of the median acreage size of
and a few large farms raise the average. Sec. 3002(26) of
farms in the county. [7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(11)]
the ConAct. [Section 6001]
Authorizes appropriations of $5 million each year
Reauthorizes appropriations of $5 million each year
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 5301]
through FY2013 for a Beginning Farmer Individual
through FY2018. Section 3428 of the ConAct [Sec. 5001]
Development Account pilot program. [7 U.S.C.
1983b]

Authorizes specific loan levels for direct and
Reauthorizes the same loan levels through FY2018 and
Reauthorizes the same loan levels, targets, and
guaranteed farm ownership and farm operating
continues the same program targets and reservations.
reservations through FY2018. [Sec. 5303 and Sec. 5305]
CRS-96


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Credit
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
loans through FY2013, and reserves or targets
Section 3431 of the ConAct [Sec. 5001]
Adds a new priority for direct loans to beginning farmers
funding for certain types of borrowers. [7 U.S.C.
and ranchers who apply under the down payment loan
1994]
program or for joint financing arrangements. [Sec. 5304]
Credit Programs in Other Laws


State Agricultural Loan Mediation Programs. Reauthorizes appropriations of $7.5 million annual y
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 5401]
Authorizes a matching grant program for states that through FY2018. [Sec. 5101]
provide third party mediation services for
agricultural credit disputes. Appropriations
authorized at $7.5 million annually through FY2015.
[7 U.S C. 5106]
Loans to Purchasers of Highly Fractionated
Allows lending to intermediaries that may create
Similar to the Senate bill by allowing lending to
Land. Authorizes the USDA farm loan program to
revolving loan funds to relend to purchasers of highly
intermediaries that may create revolving loan funds to
lend to Indian tribes or tribal corporations to buy
fractionated land. Updates references to other laws, and
relend to purchasers of highly fractionated land. The
highly fractionated land within the reservation. [25
requires regulatory consultation between USDA and the
House bill does not contain a provision for updating
U.S.C. 488]
Department of the Interior. [Sec. 5102]
references or requiring interagency consultation. [Sec.
5501]

Requires certain levels of appraisal for land to
Simplifies appraisals for purchasers of highly fractionated
No change.
qualify for highly fractionated land loans. [25 U.S.C. land by requiring only one appraisal recognized by USDA
488]
or the Department of the Interior. [Sec. 5103]
No comparable provision. Prior to 1990, however,
Instructs the Farm Credit Administration to review rules
No comparable provision.
the Farm Credit Administration (federal regulator
to reflect congressional intent that a primary
of the Farm Credit System) could approve
responsibility of boards of directors in the Farm Credit
compensation packages of employees and
System is to review compensation packages of senior
executives of the Farm Credit System, with Board
officers, in order to improve compensation disclosure.
approval. (Formerly 12 U.S.C. 2252(a)(13) before
[Sec. 5104]
being removed by P.L. 101-624)

CRS-97


Title VI. Rural Development
House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Rural Development
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
Reorganizes the Consolidated Farm and Rural
No comparable provision.
Act (ConAct) Authorizing statute for USDA’s rural Development Act (ConAct). Consolidates rural
development programs. [7 U.S.C. 1921 et seq.]
development programs, makes technical changes to
various programs, eliminates programs, establishes
criteria for prioritizing loan and grants, eliminates the
definition of “rural” and “rural area” for water assistance
and community facilities. Makes technical changes to the
Delta Regional Authority and the Northern Great Plains
Regional Authority. [Sec. 6001]
Note: References below cite the new numbering
of the ConAct for provisions notably amended by
the Senate bill, followed in bold by the section of
S. 954 making the change.

Defining Rural Eligibility


Sec. 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and
Retains Sec. 343 (a) definition of rural as any area other
No change to current law.
Rural Development Act (ConAct), as amended,
than a city or town with a population greater than 50,000
defines rural as any area other than a city or town
and the urbanized area contiguous and adjacent to such a

with a population greater than 50,000 and the
city or town.

urbanized area contiguous and adjacent to such a
city or town.
Eliminates the rural definition for water and waste water
No change to current law.
projects so that the definition above applies. Areas that
Defines rural and rural area for water and waste
were eligible for water and waste water funding under the
water programs as any town, city, or
prior definition will remain eligible for funding unless

unincorporated area under 10,000 population.
USDA determines that the area is no longer “rural in
character.”

Defines rural and rural area for community facility
loan and grant program as any area other than a
Eliminates the rural definition for community facility loan
No change to current law.
town or city with a population greater than 20,000.
and grants so that the definition above applies. Areas that

were eligible for community facility funding under the
Establishes criteria for determining areas as “rural
prior definition will remain eligible for funding unless

in character” and makes certain exclusions for rural USDA determines that the area is no longer “rural in
areas that could be classified as lying within an
character.”

“urbanized area.” [7 U.S.C. 1991(a(13)(A)]
Amends criteria for determining areas “rural in
No change to current law.
character” and establishes priorities in making these
CRS-98


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Rural Development
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
determinations. Extends the current exclusion for
“urbanized areas” where a single road may cause a rural
town to be included within an urbanized area. Section
3002 28(A)(i) of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
Definition of Rural Area for Purposes of the
Amends Section 520 of the Housing Act of 1949 to define No comparable provision.
Housing Act of 1949. Section 520 of the Housing
a “rural area” as any area deemed to be a “rural area” at
Act of 1949 defines “rural area” as any area so
any time between January 1, 2000 and December 31,
defined between 1990 and 2000 to remain so
2010 to continue to be so classified until receipt of data
classified until receipt of the 2010 decennial census.
from the 2020 decennial census. Raises the eligible
The provision also caps the eligible rural population
population threshold of a rural area to a maximum of
threshold at 25,000 residents or less. [7 U.S.C.
35,000 residents. [Sec. 6202]
1490]
Rural Community Programs


Rural Water and Waste Disposal Loan and
Reauthorizes funding to make loans, grants, and loan
Reauthorizes the Rural Water and Waste Disposal Loan
Grant Programs. Loans and grants to support
guarantees for the Rural Water and Waste Disposal Loan
and Grant Programs. Decreases the current authorization
improvements to rural water systems. Authorizes
and Grant Programs. Establishes priorities for rural water
for grants from $30 million to $15 million each fiscal year
$30 million in grants annually FY2009-2013, subject
programs, including a priority for rural communities of
2014-2018. [Sec. 6001]
to annual appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(2]
5,500 or fewer permanent residents. Section 3501 (a)-
(d)(f) of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]

No comparable provision.
Amends the water and waste water direct and guaranteed
loan programs to encourage financing by private or
cooperative lenders to the maximum extent possible; by
using loan guarantees where the population exceeds
5,500; by using direct loans where the impact on rate
payers would be significant if a loan guarantee were to be
used; by requiring projects that require interim financing
in excess of $500,000 initial y to seek funding from private
or cooperative lenders; and determining if an existing
direct loan borrower can refinance with a private or
cooperative lender prior to providing a new direct loan.
[Sec. 6015]
Revolving Funds for Financing Water and
Reauthorizes funding for Revolving Funds for Financing
No change to current law, including no extension of
Waste Water Projects Program. Provides
Water and Wastewater Projects at $30 million annual y
authorization to appropriate funds to the program.
capital to fund revolving loan funds for supporting
for FY2014-FY2018, subject to appropriations. Section
rural water projects. Authorizes $30 million
3501(e)(1) of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
CRS-99


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Rural Development
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
annual y for 2008-2013, subject to annual
appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(2)(B)]
Emergency and Imminent Community
Reauthorizes funding for Emergency and Imminent
Reauthorizes funding for Emergency and Imminent
Water Assistance Program. Provides assistance
Community Water Assistance Program at $35 million
Community Water Assistance Program. Decreases
to water systems in rural communities of 10,000 or
annual y for FY2014-FY2018, subject to appropriations.
current authorization of $35 million to $27 million
less where there is a threat to potable water
Section 3501(e)(2) of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
annual y for FY2014-FY2018, subject to appropriations.
supplies. Authorizes funding of $35 million for each
[Sec. 6008]
fiscal year FY2008-2013. [7 U.S.C. 1926a(i)(2)]
Water and Waste Facility Loans and Grants
Reauthorizes funding for Water and Waste Facility Loans
No change to current law.
to Alleviate Health Risks. Provides loan and
and Grants to Alleviate Health Risks at $60 million in loan
grant support to rural water systems to improve
subsidies, $60 million in grants, and $20 million in grants
sanitation and potable water supplies. Authorizes
specifical y for Tribal groups annual y for FY2014-FY2018,
an annual appropriation of $30 million in loan
subject to appropriations. Section 3501(e)(3)(B) of the
subsidies, $30 million in grants, and $20 million in
ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
grants for Tribal groups. [7 U.S.C. 1926c]
Grants for Water Systems for Rural and
Reauthorizes funding for the program and specifies
No change to current law, including no extension of
Native Villages in Alaska. Funding for water
eligibility for native villages for Alaska and Hawaii for
authorization to appropriate funds to the program.
projects to improve sanitation and potable water in
Water and Waste Facility Loans and Grants to Alleviate
rural Alaska. Authorizes $30 million annually for
Health Risks to include Native Tribes, rural or native
FY2008-FY2013, subject to appropriations. [7
villages in Alaska and Hawaii. Section 3501(e)(3)(B) of the
U.S.C. 1926d]
ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
Solid Waste Management Grants. Provides
Reauthorizes funding for Solid Waste Management Grants No change to current law.
grant assistance for communities to establish or
at $10 million annual y for FY2014-FY2018, subject to
improve solid waste management facilities. Subject
appropriations. Section 3501(e)(4) of the ConAct. [Sec.
to annual appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 1932(b)]
6001]
Rural Water and Wastewater Technical
Reauthorizes funding for Rural Water and Wastewater
No change to current law.
Assistance and Training Grants. Provides
Technical Assistance and Training Grants at the current
funding for technical and managerial expertise
allocation rate of between 1% and 3% of the total water

assistance from third parties (e.g., National Rural
and waste water appropriation annual y for FY2014-

Water Association Program) to assist rural
FY2018. Section 3501(e)(5) of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
communities with various water and waste water

issues. Authorizes that between 1% and 3% of total


water and waste water appropriation be al ocated

to these grants annual y for FY2008-FY2013. [7

U.S.C. 1926(a)(14)]
CRS-100


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Rural Development
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Rural Water and Waste Water Circuit Rider
Reauthorizes the Rural Water and Waste Water Circuit
Reauthorizes the Rural Water and Waste Water Circuit
Program. Provides funding to support technical
Rider Program. Authorizes funding of $25 million for
Rider Program. Authorizes funding of $20 million for
assistance to water rural water systems. [7 U.S.C.
FY2014 and each year thereafter, subject to annual
FY2014 and each fiscal year thereafter, subject to annual
1926(a)(19)]
appropriations. [Sec. 6001]
appropriations. [Sec. 6005]
Special Evaluation Assistance for Rural
Reauthorizes funding for the SEARCH Program at such
No change to current law.
Communities and Households (SEARCH)
sums as necessary for FY2014-FY2018, subject to annual
Program. Provides grant assistance to
appropriations. Section 3501(e)(6) of the ConAct. [Sec.

communities under 2,500 to help them prepare an
6001]

application for a water or waste water loan and
grant. Up to 4% of the funds appropriated for water
and waste disposal projects and essential
community facilities may be used to fund SEARCH
grants. Authorizes funding not to exceed $30
million in any fiscal year. [7 U.S.C. 2009ee]
Grants to Nonprofit Organizations to
No comparable provision.
Reauthorizes the Household Water Well Systems
Finance the Construction, Refurbishing, and
Program. Decreases current authorization of
Servicing of Individually-Owned Household
appropriations from $10 million to $5 million for each
Water Well Systems in Rural Areas for
fiscal year 2014-2018. [Sec. 6009]
Individuals with Low or Moderate Incomes.
Provides funding to third-party organizations with
expertise in residential well-water systems.
Authorizes $10 million annual y FY2008-2013,
subject to appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 1926(d)]
Community Facilities Loan and Grant
Reauthorizes funding for Community Facilities Programs
Eliminates the provision in current law that reserves 10%
Program. Provides loan, grant, and loan
at $10 million annual y for FY2014-FY2018, subject to
of Community Facility funds for child day care facilities.
guarantees for “essential community facilities.”
annual appropriations.
[Sec. 6003]
Most funding has supported projects for improved
community health and safety (e.g., health clinics,
Establishes new priorities for Community Facilities loans
No comparable provision.
elder care facilities, fire protection, and emergency
and grants, including prioritization for communities with

responders). Authorizes such sums as necessary
less than 20,000 in population.
annually, subject to appropriations. [7 U.S.C.
Also authorizes a new Technical Assistance for
Reserves at least 3% and no more than 5% of the
1926(a)(19)]
Community Facilities Program as part of the current
appropriation for Community Facilities to provide
Community Facilities Program. Provides technical
technical assistance for Community Facility projects. [Sec.
assistance and planning assistance to rural communities in
6007]
developing essential community facilities. Reauthorizes

such sums as necessary for FY2014-FY2018, subject to
CRS-101


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Rural Development
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
annual appropriations. Section 3502(a)-(d)(e)(g) of the

ConAct. [Sec. 6001]


Directs the Secretary to use loan guarantees in the
No comparable provision.
Community Facilities program to the maximum extent
possible. [Sec. 6004]
Tribal College and University Essential
Reauthorizes funding of $10 million each fiscal year
Decreases the current authorization of appropriations
Community Facilities. Provides grant funding to
FY2014-2018.
from $10 million to $5 million each fiscal year 2014-2018.
entities that are tribal col eges to provide the
[Sec. 6006]
federal share of the cost of developing specific
tribal college or university essential community
facilities. Authorizes funding of $10 million each
fiscal year FY2008-2013. [7 U.S.C.
1926(a)(25)(C)]

Rural Business and Cooperative Development

Rural Business Opportunity Grants. Provides
Eliminates the program, but consolidates its objectives
Authorizes $15 million annually for each fiscal year
grant assistance of up to $1.5 million to identify
within broad rural business development grants program.
FY2013-FY2017. [Sec. 6002]
business opportunities that will use local rural
Authorizes $65 million annual y for the broader program
resources, to train and provide technical assistance
for FY2014-FY2018, subject to annual appropriations.
to existing or prospective rural entrepreneurs, to
Section 3601(a] of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
establish business support centers, and to support
local and regional economic development planning.
Authorizes $15 million annual y for FY2008-
FY2013, subject to appropriations. [7 U.S.C.
1926(a)(11)]

Rural Business Enterprise Grants. Provides
Eliminates the program, but consolidates the program’s
No change to current law.
grant support of up to $50,000 to public bodies and objectives within a broad rural business development
nonprofit corporations for measures designed to
grants program. Authorizes $65 mil ion annual y for the
facilitate small and emerging business enterprises,
broader program (as above) for FY2014-FY2018, subject
or the creation and expansion of rural distance
to appropriations. Section 3601(a)of the ConAct. [Sec.
learning networks, among other eligible activities.
6001]
Authorizes funding not to exceed $50 million
annual y. Subject to annual appropriations. [7
U.S.C. 1932(c)]

CRS-102


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Rural Development
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Value-Added Producer Grants. Provides grant
Reauthorizes funding for Value-Added Agricultural
Reauthorizes the Value-Added Product Grant Program.
support to agricultural producers to undertake
Producer Grants at $40 million annually for FY2014-
Increases authorization of mandatory spending from $15
projects that add value to commodities and thereby FY2018, subject to annual appropriations. Also authorizes
million to $50 million. [Sec. 6202]
increase producer income. Also supports planning
$12.5 million annual y in mandatory spending for FY2014-
and business development for value-added projects.
FY2018. Establishes priority for projects in which at least
Authorizes $40 million annual y FY2009-2013
25% of the project recipients are beginning farmers or
subject to annual appropriations, in addition to $15
ranchers or socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers.
million in mandatory spending to remain available
Section 3601(b) of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
until expended. [7 U.S.C. 1621]
Amends Section 231(b) of the Agricultural Risk
Protection Act of 2000 to give funding priority to, among
other groups, veteran farmers and ranchers (as defined by
the Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act of
1990). [Sec. 6207]
Locally or Regionally Produced Agricultural
Reauthorizes the program for FY2014-2018. Requires
Reauthorizes the program for FY2014-2018. Amends the
Food Products. Provides funding to increase
that USDA produce an annual report describing the
provision so that not more than 7% of the funds of the
domestic consumption of locally and regionally
projects carried out by the program. [Sec. 6001]
Business and Industry Loan Guarantee program can be
produced agricultural products and to provide
used to fund locally or regionally produced agricultural
affordable food products in underserved rural and
food products. [Sec. 6012]
urban areas. Reserves not less than 5% of the funds
of the Business and Industry Loan Guarantee
program for support of locally and regionally
produced food. [7 U.S.C. 1932(g)(9)(B)(v)(I)]
Agriculture Innovation Center
No comparable provision.
Decreases the current authorization of appropriations
Demonstration Program. Provides grant
from $6 million to $1 million each fiscal year 2014-2018.
funding to producers for technical assistance in
[Sec. 6203]
developing agricultural-based businesses based on
value-added production. Authorizes funding of $6
mil ion annual y for FY2008-2013, subject to annual
appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 1632(b)(i)]
Rural Cooperative Development Grants.
Reauthorizes funding for grants at $50 million annual y for Decreases the current authorization of appropriations
Facilitate the creation of jobs in rural areas through
FY2014-FY2018 subject to appropriations. Includes
from $50 million to $40 million each fiscal year 2014-
the development of new rural cooperatives, value-
directive to coordinate an interagency working group
2018. [Sec. 6011]
added processing, and rural businesses. Authorizes
among federal agencies to support cooperative
$50 million annual y for FY2008-FY2013, subject to
development. Section 3601(c) of the ConAct. [Sec.
appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 1932(e)(5)]
6001]
CRS-103


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Rural Development
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural
Reauthorizes funding for ATTRA at $5 million annual y
No change to current law, including no extension of
Areas (ATTRA). Provides grant support at an
for FY2014-FY2018, subject to appropriations. Section
authorization to appropriate funds to the program.
agricultural institution (e.g., universities) for
3601(d) of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
information activities to agricultural producers.
Authorizes $5 million annual y for FY2008-FY2013,
subject to appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 1932]
Business and Industry Direct and
Reauthorizes funding of $75 million annually for FY2014-
Amends Section 310B of the C0nAct to permit the
Guaranteed Loans. Provides loans for a wide
FY2018, subject to appropriations. Raises initial fee to 3% Secretary to take a borrower’s account receivables as
variety of projects to support business
from current authorization of 2%. Reauthorizes a 5%
security for Business and Industry loans. Also requires the
development in rural areas and to increase and
carve-out of guaranteed loan authority for Locally or
Secretary to promulgate regulations within 6 months to
retain jobs in rural areas. Subject to annual
Regionally Produced Agricultural Food Products. Section
implement the changes authorized. [Sec. 6010]
appropriations. (Note: Direct loan program has not
3601(e) of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
been funded since 2002.) [7 U.S.C. 1932(a)(2)(A)]
Intermediary Relending Program (IRP). The
Reauthorizes funding for IRP at $50 million annual y for
Reauthorizes and amends the program. Authorizes $10
IRP provides direct loans at 1% interest to
FY2014-FY2018, subject to appropriations. Section
mil ion, subject to appropriations, for each fiscal year
intermediaries to finance business facilities and
3601(f)(1) of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
FY2014-2018. [Sec. 6013]
community development projects in rural areas of
25,000 population or less. The Rural Business
Service loan to an intermediary is used to establish
or fund a revolving loan program to provide
financial assistance to ultimate recipients for
community development projects, establishment of
new businesses or expansion of existing businesses.
Subject to annual appropriations. [7 U.S.C 1932]
Rural Microentrepreneur Assistance
Reauthorizes funding the program at $40 million annually
Decreases the current authorization of appropriations
Program. Provides grant support to third-party
for FY2014-FY2018, subject to appropriations. Also
from $40 million to $20 million each fiscal year 2014-
entities that assist rural entrepreneurs in
provides $3.0 million annually in mandatory spending for
2018. [Sec. 6018]
establishing microenterprises in rural areas.
FY2014-FY2018. Section 3601(f)(2) of the ConAct. [Sec.
Authorizes $4 million in mandatory spending for
6001]
FY2009-FY2011 and $3 million for FY2012. Also
authorizes $40 million annual y in discretionary
spending for FY2009-FY2013, subject to
appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 1981 et seq.]
CRS-104


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Rural Development
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Rural Business Investment Program. Modeled
Reauthorizes funding for the program at $25 million
Decreases the current authorization of appropriations
on the Small Business Administration’s Small
annual y through FY2018, subject to appropriations.
from $50 million to $20 million each fiscal year 2014-
Business Investment Companies, the Rural Business
Provides authority for USDA to establish capital
2018. [Sec. 6021]
Investment Program provides funding to help
requirements, establish fees for applicants applying for a
capitalized Rural Business Companies that, in turn,
license to operate as a rural business investment
provide loans to rural businesses. Authorizes $50
company, and ensures the majority of capital of each rural
mil ion for the period FY2008-FY2013, subject to
business company is invested in rural concerns. Section
appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 2009cc et seq.]
3602 of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
Rural Business Collaborative Investment
Eliminates the program.
No change to current law, including no extension of
Program. Provides loan and grant support to
authorization to appropriate funds to the program.
rural regions to establish regional competitiveness
by fostering col aboration among rural businesses,
rural institutions, and entrepreneurs. Establishes
multijurisdictional and multisectoral Regional Rural
Investment Boards and provides Regional
Innovation Grants. Authorizes $135 million for the
period FY2008-FY2013, subject to annual
appropriations. Program was never implemented.
[7 U.S.C. 2009dd]
General Rural Development Provisions


General authority for USDA to award grants and
Reauthorizes and contains general provisions for loan and
No change to current law.
to make and guarantee loans to various entities [7
grant authority. Section 3701of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
U.S.C. 1926]
No comparable provision.
Strategic Economic and Community
No comparable provision.
Development. Authorizes USDA to prioritize
otherwise eligible applications that support
multijurisdictional strategic economic and community
development and establishes criteria for evaluating
applications. Reserves 20% of a fiscal year’s appropriated
funds for rural community facilities, water and waste
water projects, and loans and grants under Rural Business
and Cooperative Development. Also reserves 15% of the
total funds available for these functional categories for
strategic economic and community development projects.
Section 3703(a)of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
CRS-105


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Rural Development
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Rural Development Loan Procedures.
No comparable provision.
Simplifies the loan application process. Directs USDA to
Addresses procedures for approving USDA Rural
the maximum extent possible to provide a one-page
Development loans and grants. [7 U.S.C. 1983(a)]
application and other simplified application procedures.
Within two years of enactment, requires USDA to submit
a report to the House and Senate Agriculture
Committees evaluating the implementation of this
provision.[Sec. 6016]
Rural Development Insurance Fund.
Continues permanent authority for the Rural
No change to current law.
Authorizes a revolving fund for the discharge of the
Development Insurance Fund. Section 3704 of the
obligations of USDA under contracts guaranteeing
ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
or insuring rural development loans. Funds not
needed for current operations are deposited in the
U.S. Treasury for credit to the fund, or invested in
obligations guaranteed by the United States [7
U.S.C. 1929a]

Rural Economic Area Partnership (REAP).
Establishes process for USDA to designate new Rural
No change to current law.
The program assists communities dealing with
Economic Area Partnership zones. Section 3705(a) of the
geographic and economic isolation, low density
ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
population, absence of nearby metropolitan
centers, and historic dependence on agribusiness,
out-migration, and economic upheaval to develop
strategies for revitalization Zones. [7 U.S.C.
1932]

National Rural Development Partnership. A
State Rural Development Partnership. Establishes a
No comparable provision.
state-federal rural economic development
federal-state partnership called the State Rural
coordinating entity operating through State Rural
Development Partnership. The Partnership is composed
Development Councils and a National Rural
of state rural development councils whose purpose is to
Development Coordinating Committee. [7 U.S.C.
build regional capacity in rural communities. The
2008m]
Partnership is designed to maximize public- and private-
sector cooperation to minimize regulatory redundancy.
The federal government will act as a partner or facilitator
to provide states with technical and administrative
support necessary to plan and implement rural
development strategies tailored to meet local needs.
[Sec. 6001]
CRS-106


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Rural Development
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
No comparable provision
No comparable provision
Rural College Coordination Strategy. Instructs the
Secretary to develop a coordination strategy for USDA
Rural Development programs to serve the specific needs
of rural community and technical colleges. [Sec. 6014]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Program Metrics. Directs USDA to begin collecting
data on the economic activities created through its loan
and grant funding. Specifically directs USDA to measure
the short and long-term viability of award recipients, and
to submit a report to Congress every two years on the
actions taken to use the data, the number of jobs created,
the value of wages, and other economic data deemed
relevant. [Sec. 6204]
Rural Telecommunications and Electrification: Rural Electrification Act

Rural Electrification Act of 1936. The act
No comparable provision
Relending for Certain Purposes. Amends the Rural
authorizes loans for rural electrification and
Electrification Act to authorize loans for borrowers
telecommunications infrastructure development. [9

relending to ultimate consumers for the purpose of
U.S.C. 901 et seq.]

energy efficiency. Loans and grants are also authorized
under the Cushion of Credit Payments Program for

relending to ultimate consumers for the purpose of

energy efficiency. [Sec. 6101]
No comparable provision
Fees for Certain Loan Guarantees. Amends the
Rural Electrification Act to require that the Secretary, at
the request of a baseload generation loan guarantee
borrower, charge an upfront fee equal to the costs of the
loan guarantee. A borrower may not use funds from a
loan or other debt obligation made or guaranteed by the
federal government to pay the fee. [Sec. 6102]
Definition of Rural Area. Defines rural and
Amends the definition of rural area for programs
No change to current law.
rural area to mean any area other than a city or
authorized by the Rural Electrification Act to be the same
town or unincorporated place with a population
as the definition in Section 3002 (28)(A)(i): any area
greater than 20,000 residents, and any area within
other than a city or town with a population greater than
the service area of an electric, telephone, or
50,000 and the urbanized area contiguous and adjacent to
telephone bank borrower under Section 13(3)the
such a city or town. [Sec. 6101]
Rural Electrification Act. [7 U.S.C. 913]

CRS-107


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Rural Development
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Rural Electrification Act of 1936. The act
No comparable provision
Rural Utilities Service Contracting Authority.
authorizes loans for rural electrification and
Amends Section 18(c) of the Rural Electrification Act to
telecommunications infrastructure development. [9
insert a sentence that states that a contract funded by a
U.S.C. 901 et seq.]
borrower that is paid for out of the general funds of the
borrower is not a public contract with the meaning of
U.S.C. Title 41. [Sec. 6103]
Guarantees for Bonds and Notes Issued for
Reauthorizes guarantees for bonds and notes issued for
Identical to the Senate provision. [Sec. 6104]
Electrification or Telephone Purposes.
electrification or telephone purposes for 2014-2018.
Provides for federal guarantees for bonds and notes [Sec. 6102]
that finance rural electrification and telephone
infrastructure. [7 U.S.C. 940c-1(f)]

Expansion of 911 Access. Authorizes expanding
Reauthorizes expansion of 911 access through FY2018.
Identical to the Senate provision. [Sec. 6105]
the emergency telephone service of 911 in rural
[Sec. 6103]
areas by using any funds otherwise made available
for telephone loans for each of FY2008-FY2013.
Section 315(d) of the Rural Electrification Act. [7
U.S.C. 940(e)d]

Access to Broadband Telecommunications
Reauthorizes funding for the program at $50 million
Reauthorizes the program through FY2018. Gives priority
Services in Rural Area. Provides loan
annual y for FY2014-FY2018, subject to appropriations.
to applications that are not predominantly for business
guarantees to establish broadband
Amends Section 601 of the Rural Electrification Act to
service but where at least 25% of customers in the
telecommunications infrastructure in rural areas.
establish a grant component to the Broadband Loan
proposed service territory are commercial interests.
Subject to annual appropriations [7 U.S.C. 950bb]
Program. Establishes priorities for communities: (1)
Publication of notice of applications shall include the
without a local service provider, (2) with populations of
amount and type of support requested and a list of the
less than 20,000, (3) with a high proportion of low-
Census block groups or tracts to be served. The
income residents, and (4) experiencing significant out-
Secretary is authorized to establish a process where, at
migration. Also establishes a maximum grant limit of 50%
the time of an application notice, an incumbent service
of a project’s development costs, but gives USDA the
provider who is providing service to a remote rural area
authority to increase the grant amount to 75% for
may submit to the Secretary information regarding the
remote communities and those with low-income
service offered in the application’s proposed service area,
residents. Also establishes priority to broadband
so the Secretary may assess whether the application is an
applications that offer service to the greatest proportion
eligible project. The Secretary is also authorized to
of unserved rural households or rural households that do
consider upgrade or replacement cost for construction or
not have broadband service but meet the minimum
acquisition of facilities and equipment in considering the
acceptable levels of service. Priority would be given to
technology needs of customers in the proposed service
communities with populations of 20,000 or less, or those
area. [Sec. 6106]
experiencing outmigration, or those that are isolated
CRS-108


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Rural Development
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
from population centers, or those that have a high
percentage of low-income residents. Also authorizes a
pilot program for “ultra-high speed” broadband
connectivity. [Sec. 6104]
Grants for NOAA Weather Radio
No comparable provision.
Authorizes $1 million each fiscal year FY2014-FY2018,
Transmitters. Provides grant funding to public
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 6017]
and nonprofit entities for the federal share of the
cost of acquiring radio transmitter to increase
coverage of rural areas by the all hazards weather
radio broadcast system of the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration. Authorizes
funding of such sums as necessary for FY2008-2013,
subject to annual appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 2008p]
Distance Learning and Telemedicine
Reauthorizes funding at current level through FY2018.
Decreases the current authorization of appropriations
Program. Provides grants to rural hospitals,
[Sec. 6201]
from $100 million to $65 million each fiscal year 2014-
clinics, schools, and libraries to develop and
2018. [Sec. 6201]
improve their telecommunications infrastructure.

Section 233A of the Food, Agriculture,
In making awards under the program, the agency is
No comparable provision
Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990. Authorizes
directed to consider whether the applicant is located in a
funding of $100 million annual y through FY2013,
designated health professional shortage area, as defined in
subject to appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 950aaa]
Section 332 of the Public Health Service Act. [Sec. 6207]

No comparable provision.
Amends Subtitle E of Title VI of the 2002 farm bill (P.L.
No comparable provision.
101-171) to authorize a new Rural Energy Savings

Program, which would provide 0% interest rate loans to
eligible Rural Utilities Service borrowers to fund loans to
qualified consumers to implement energy efficiency
measures. [Sec. 6203]
Backlog of Rural Development Applications.
Provides for one-time mandatory funding of $150 million
No comparable provision.
Section 6029 of the Food, Conservation, and
for pending rural development loan and grant applications.
Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246) provided a one-
[Sec. 6204]
time $120 million in mandatory spending for
pending rural development loan and grant
applications. [122 Stat. 1955]
CRS-109


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Rural Development
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
No comparable provision.
Study of Rural Transportation Issues. Directs
Identical to the Senate bill, but also requires an update on
USDA and the Department of Transportation to jointly
the study to be submitted not later than 1 year after the
conduct a study regarding the movement of agricultural
date of enactment of this act. Also expands the study to
products, domestically renewable fuels, domestically
include transportation infrastructure of water ways. [Sec.
produced resources for electricity production, and
6205]
economic development for rural areas. Designates
particular topics for the study to address. Study is to be
updated triennially. [Sec. 6205]
No comparable provision.
Amends Section 203 of the Agricultural Marketing Act of
No comparable provision.
1946 (7 U.S.C. 1622) to direct USDA to participate on
behalf of the interests of agriculture and rural America in
all proceedings pertaining to freight rail policy of the
Surface Transportation Board. [Sec. 6206]
No comparable provision

No comparable provision
Certain Federal Action not to be Considered
Major.
An action by the Secretary that does not involve
the provision of federal dollars or a loan guarantee from
USDA, including a debt settlement or restructuring, a lien
accommodation or subordination, or the restructuring of
a business entity by a borrower, in the case of a loan,
grant, or loan guaranteed in the USDA Rural
Development mission area, shall not be considered a
major federal action. [Sec. 6206]
Regional Development Authorities


Delta Regional Authority. The Authority is an
Reauthorizes funding FY2014-FY2018 at the current level
Decreases the current authorization of appropriations
8-state state-federal regional planning and
of $30 million annually, subject to annual appropriations.
from $30 million to $12 million each fiscal year 2014-
development entity that provides loan and grant
Also makes technical amendments to the operation of the 2018. [Sec. 6019]
support for economic development projects in
Authority. Sections 3801 through 3814 of the ConAct.
rural counties in the Mississippi Delta area.
[Sec. 6001]
Authorizes $30 million annual y for FY2008-2012
subject to appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 2009aa et
seq.]

Northern Great Plains Regional Authority.
Reauthorizes funding FY2014-FY2018 at the current level
Decreases the current authorization of appropriations
Authorizes an economic development commission
of $30 million annually, subject to annual appropriations.
from $30 million to $2 million each fiscal year 2014-2018.
that develops regional plans and makes loans and
Also makes technical amendments to the authority.
[Sec. 6020]
grants for infrastructure and economic
Increases the cap on administrative expenses from 5% to
CRS-110


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Rural Development
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
development in five Great Plains States. Authorizes
10%. Sections 3821 through 3835 of the ConAct. [Sec.
$30 million annual y for FY2008-2012, subject to
6001]
appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 2009bb et seq.]

NOTE: See also Title XII-Miscellaneous, Section
12206
, for changes made in the Senate bill to other
regional commissions authorized by the 2008 farm bill.
Regional Economic and Infrastructure
Extends the authorization of appropriations through
Same as the Senate provision. [Sec. 6208]
Development. The 2008 farm bill (Section 14217) FY2018. Al ows the cap on administrative expenses for
established three new regional development
any Commission to exceed 10% should the Commission
authorities: a Northern Border Regional
receive an annual appropriation of less than $10 million.
Commission, a Southeast Crescent Regional
This provision is contained in the Miscellaneous title of
Commission, and a Southwest Border Regional
the Senate bill. [Sec. 12206]
Commission. These commissions develop a regional
development plan and then make infrastructure
loans and grants to eligible entities in their
respective regions. [40 U.S.C. 15101 et seq.]
Authorizes annual appropriations of $30 million to
each of the Commissions. Not more than 10% of
appropriated funds to any Commission can be used
for administrative expenses. [40 U.S.C. 15751(b)]

CRS-111


Title VII. Research, Extension, and Related Matters
House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Research
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Foundation for Food and Agricultural Research

No comparable provision.
Establishes the “Foundation for Food and Agriculture
No comparable provision.
Research,” a new nonprofit corporation designed to
supplement USDA’s basic and applied research activities,
and provides total mandatory funding of up to $200
million from the Commodity Credit Corporation. Federal
funding is available only to the extent that the foundation
secures an equal amount of non-federal matching funds
for each dollar of expenditure. The foundation will solicit
and accept private donations to award grants or enter
into agreements for collaborative public/private
partnerships with scientists at USDA and in academia,
non-profits, and the private sector. [Sec. 7601]
National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (NARETPA), As Amended
Authorizes the National Agricultural Research,
Extends authority through FY2018 and adds “consult with Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7102]
Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory
industry groups” to the Board’s list of duties. [Sec. 7101]
Board. The Board reviews and provides
consultation on priorities for research, extension,
education, and economics to the Secretary, land-
grant colleges and universities, and Congress. [7
U.S.C. 3123]

Amended by the Specialty Crops Competitiveness
Amends requirements to provide for diversity of the
Amends requirements to include research on: (1)
Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-465) to establish and al ow
specialty crops represented, and to ensure ongoing
improving quality and taste of processed specialty crops
USDA to appoint members to a permanent
consultation with diverse sectors of the specialty crop
and (2) use of remote sensing in production practices.
specialty crops committee responsible for studying
industry. [Sec. 7102]
[Sec. 7103]
the scope and effectiveness of research, extension,
and economics programs affecting the specialty
crop industry. [7 U.S.C. 3123a]
Authorizes a program to defray the school loans of
Authorizes an additional matching competitive grant
Nearly identical to Senate bill. [Sec. 7104]
veterinary medical school graduates who agree to
program with qualified entities to develop, implement,
serve for limited time periods in underserved areas. and sustain veterinary services. Authorizes $10 million
Funding subject to appropriations. [7 U.S.C.
per year, subject to annual appropriations. [Sec. 7103]
CRS-112


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Research
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
3151a]
Authorizes grants/fellowships to land grant colleges
Reauthorizes at $40 million per year for FY2014-18,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7105]
and universities for food and agricultural sciences
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7104]
education. Annual appropriations of $60 million
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3152]
Authorizes USDA to enter into a wide variety of
Reauthorizes at $10 million per year, subject to
Similar to the Senate bill except removes authority for
grants and other col aborative agreements with
appropriations. Provides preference to policy research
making non-competitive grants and reauthorizes at $5
private and public educational institutions,
centers that have extensive databases, models, and
mil ion per year for FY2014-2018, subject to
corporations, and individuals to conduct
demonstrated experience in providing Congress with
appropriations. [Sec. 7106]
independent research and public policy analysis on
agricultural projections and analysis at the farm, regional,
food and agriculture. Appropriations of such sums
national, and international levels, including information
as necessary are authorized through FY2013. [7
and analysis relating to drought mitigation. [Sec. 7105]
U.S.C. 3155]
Authorizes USDA to make grants to Alaska Native-
Reauthorizes at $10 million per year through FY2018,
No comparable provision.
serving institutions to assist in carrying out
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7106]
education, applied research, and related community
development programs. Annual appropriations of
$10 million authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C.
3156]

Authorizes USDA to make grants for research on
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7107]
human nutrition intervention and health promotion.
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
authorized through FY2013. [Sec. 3174]
Requires USDA to conduct pilot research program
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7108]
to combine medical and agricultural research.
Annual appropriations of $10 million authorized
through FY2013. [Sec. 3174]
Authorizes USDA to establish a national education
Reauthorizes at $90 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7109]
program for disseminating results of food and
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7107]
human nutrition research performed or funded by
USDA. Annual appropriations of $90 million
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3175]
Authorizes animal health and disease research.
Reauthorizes at $25 million per year through FY2018,
Reauthorizes at $15 million per year for FY2013-2018,
Authorizes annual appropriations of $25 million per
CRS-113


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Research
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
year through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3195(a)]
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7108]
subject to appropriations [Sec. 7110]
Authorizes research on national or regional
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7111]
problems in agriculture. [7 U.S.C. 3196]
Authorizes annual appropriations of $25 million
Reauthorizes at $25 million per year and $8 million per
Similar to the Senate bill and amends to support tropical
through FY2012 for NARETPA Grants to upgrade
year, respectively, through FY2018, subject to
agricultural research in insular areas. [Sec. 7112 and Sec.
agricultural and food sciences facilities at 1890 land
appropriations. [Sec. 7109 and Sec. 7110]
7113]
grant colleges, including Tuskegee University. [7
U.S.C. 3222b(b)]
Annual appropriations of $8
mil ion authorized through FY2013 for insular area
land-grant institutions. [7 U.S.C. 3222b–2(d)]
Authorizes grants to Hispanic-serving institutions
Reauthorizes at $40 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7115]
to strengthen educational capacity. Annual
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7111]
appropriations of $40 million authorized through
FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3241]
The term "cooperating forestry schools" means
No comparable provision.
Allows institutions to opt out of the respective
those institutions eligible to receive funds under the
designations. [Sec. 7101]
Act of October 10, 1962 (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.),
commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Act of
1962. [7 U.S.C. 3103(5)] The term "Hispanic-
serving agricultural colleges and universities" means
colleges or universities that qualify as Hispanic-
serving institutions and offer degree programs in
agriculture-related fields. [7 U.S.C. 3103(10)(A)]
Authorizes national research and training virtual
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7114]
centers. [7 U.S.C. 3222c]
Authorizes a competitive grant program to fund
No comparable provision.
Expands authority to award competitive grants for
research and extension at Hispanic-serving
training of Hispanic agricultural workers and Hispanic
agricultural universities. Appropriations of such
youth working in the food and agricultural sciences. [Sec.
sums as necessary are authorized beginning FY2008
7116]
and each fiscal year thereafter. [7 U.S.C.
3243(e)(1)]

Authorizes competitive grants for international
Reauthorizes at $5 million per year for FY2014-2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7117]
agricultural science and education programs.
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7112]
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
CRS-114


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Research
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3292b]
Authorizes competitive grants for the acquisition of No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7118]
special purpose scientific research equipment.
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3310a]
Authorizes university agricultural research.
Reauthorizes through FY2018, subject to appropriations.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7119]
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
[Sec. 7113]
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3311]
Authorizes agricultural extension activities.
Reauthorizes through FY2018, subject to appropriations.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7120]
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
[Sec. 7114]
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3312]
USDA may retain up to 4% of amounts made
No comparable provision.
The 4% limit does not apply to programs that currently
available for agricultural research, extension, and
contain a limitation that is less than 4%. To the maximum
teaching assistance programs for the administration
extent practicable, USDA shall enter into grants and
of those programs. [7 U.S.C. 3315]
cooperative agreements with former Department of
Agriculture agricultural research facilities. USDA may
enter into agreements with agricultural research
organizations. [Sec. 7121]

Authorizes research on supplemental and
Reauthorizes at $1 million per year for FY2014-2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7122]
alternative crops. Appropriations of such sums as
subject to appropriations, and amends so that only
necessary are authorized through FY2013. [7
competitive grants can be awarded. [Sec. 7115]
U.S.C. 3319d]
Authorizes competitive grants to non-land grant
Reauthorizes through FY2018, subject to appropriations.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7123]
colleges of agriculture. Appropriations of such sums [Sec. 7116]
as necessary are authorized through FY2013. [7
U.S.C. 3319i(b)]

Authorizes grants for a cooperative research and
Reauthorizes at $5 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7124]
extension program to encourage the development,
subject to appropriations, and amends so that only
management, and production of aquatic food
competitive grants can be awarded. [Sec. 7117]
species. Annual appropriations of $7.5 million
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3322(b)
and U.S.C. 3324]

CRS-115


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Research
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Authorizes rangeland research. Annual
Reauthorizes at $2 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7125]
appropriations of $10 million authorized through
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7118]
FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3336(a)]
Authorizes biosecurity planning/response.
Reauthorizes at $20 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill, except annual funding is $10
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7119]
million. [Sec. 7126]
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3351(a)]
Authorizes resident instruction & distance
Reauthorizes at $2 million per year for through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7127]
education grants for insular area institutions of
subject to appropriations, and amends so that only
higher education. Appropriations of such sums as
competitive grants can be awarded. [Sec. 7120]
necessary are authorized through FY2013. [7
U.S.C. 3362(a)]

No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
The recipient of a competitive grant under a covered law
that involves applied research or extension and is
commodity-specific or state-specific must provide
matching funds or in-kind contributions of equal value to
the grant. [Sec. 7128]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Provides sense of Congress that consideration of
expanding the land grant program should include
enhanced funding and additional institutions. [Sec. 7129]
Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, As Amended

Provides for research on best utilization of
Reauthorizes at $40 million per year for FY2014-2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7201]
biological applications. Annual appropriations of
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7201]
$40 million authorized. [7 U.S.C. 5814]
Provides for a research and education program on
Reauthorizes at $20 million per year for FY2014-2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7202]
integrated resource management and integrated
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7202]
crop management. Annual appropriations of $20
million authorized. [7 U.S.C. 5821]
Provides for information on sustainable agriculture.
For FY2014-FY2018, reauthorizes appropriations of such
Identical to the Senate bill except reauthorizes
Authorizes appropriations of such sums as
sums as necessary for sustainable agriculture [Sec. 7203]
appropriations of $5 million per year for sustainable
necessary. [7 U.S.C. 5831] Education/training for
and $20 million per year for education/training [Sec.
agriculture [Sec. 7203] and $20 million per year for
Cooperative Extension Service agents and other
7204], subject to appropriations.
education/training. [Sec. 7204]
professionals is provided. Annual appropriations of
$20 million authorized. [7 U.S.C. 5832]
CRS-116


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Research
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Provides for a national genetics resources program.
Reauthorizes at $1 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7205]
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7205]
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 5844(b)]
Provides for a national agricultural weather
Reauthorizes at $1 million per year through FY2018,
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7206]
information system. Annual appropriations of $5
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7206]
mil ion authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 5851
et seq.]

Provides for a rural electronic commerce extension No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7207]
program to expand and enhance electronic
commerce practices and technology to be used by
small businesses in rural areas. [7 U.S.C. 5923]
Provides for a research initiative called the
Requires USDA to encourage awards to consortia of
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7208]
"Agricultural Genome Initiative" to study and map
eligible entities. [Sec. 7207]
agriculturally significant genes. [7 U.S.C. 5924]
Provides for “high-priority research and extension”
Retains and/or removes some research areas as a “high-
Retains and/or removes some research areas as a “high-
areas and initiatives, and other programs. Among
priority” and adds some new areas including a pulse
priority” and adds coffee plant health initiative.
other program areas identified in the 2008 farm bill
health initiative, forestry products research, and training
Reauthorizes pollinator protection research grants,
included pollinator protection with specific
coordination. Reauthorizes funding levels, subject to
USDA coordination efforts, and a nationwide honey bee
amounts of authorized appropriations. For other
annual appropriations, through FY2018 [Sec. 7208]
pest and pathogen surveillance program. Reauthorizes
programs, appropriations of such sums as necessary
funding levels, subject to annual appropriations through
are authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 5925]
FY2018. [Sec. 7209]
Provides for research and extension on
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7210]
technologies for animal waste management and
related air quality management and odor
control. [7 U.S.C. 5925a]
Section 7206 of the 2008 farm bill established the
Reauthorizes OREI with some program changes.
Reauthorizes OREI and establishes a priority for grant
Organic Agriculture Research and Extension
Reauthorizes CCC funds of $16 mil ion (FY2014-FY2018)
proposals found to be “scientifical y meritorious” during
Initiative (OREI), providing grants to facilitate the
and extends authority for appropriated funding of $25
grant proposal review. Reauthorizes CCC funds of $20
development of organic agriculture production and
million through FY2018. [Sec. 7209]
mil ion (FY2014-FY2018) and extends authority for
processing. Provides mandatory CCC funds of $18
appropriated funding of $25 million through FY2018.
mil ion (FY2009) and $20 million annual y (FY2010-
[Sec. 7211]
FY2012), and authorizes annual appropriations of
$25 million (FY2009-FY2013). [7 U.S.C. 5925b]
CRS-117


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Research
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Provides for research and extension to enhance the No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7212]
production of biomass energy crops and the energy
efficiency of agricultural operations. [7 U.S.C.
5925e]

Authorizes competitive research and extension
Reauthorizes at $5 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7213]
grants for improving the farm business management subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7210]
knowledge and skills of agricultural producers.
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
authorized. [7 U.S.C. 5925f(d)]
Authorizes regional centers of excellence.
Reauthorizes at $10 million per year through FY2018,
Similar to the Senate bill. Requires USDA to prioritize
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
subject to appropriations. USDA may prioritize funding.
funding. [Sec. 7214]
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 5925]
[Sec. 7211]
Authorizes red meat food safety research center.
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7215]
[7 U.S.C. 5929]
Authorizes an assistive technology program for
Reauthorizes at $5 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill except reauthorizes at $3
farmers with disabilities. Annual appropriations of
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7212]
mil ion per year for FY2013-FY2018, subject to
$6 million authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C.
appropriations. [Sec. 7216]
5933(c)(1)]
Authorizes National Rural Information Center
Reauthorizes at $500,000 per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7217]
Clearinghouse. Annual appropriations of $500,000
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7213]
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3125b(e)]
Agriculture Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (AREERA), As Amended

USDA establishes procedures that provide for
Amends law to emphasize that “relevance” of the
Nearly identical to Senate bill. [Sec. 7301]
scientific peer review of agricultural research grants underlying research and extension programs to the
administered, on a competitive basis, by its National affected industry shall be considered in evaluating grant
Institute of Food and Agriculture. [7 U.S.C. 7613]
applications. [Sec. 7301]
Section 406, as amended, establishes the
Reauthorizes program and extends authority to
Nearly identical to Senate bill. [Sec. 7302]
“Integrated Research, Education, And Extension
appropriate funds through FY2018. [Sec. 7302]
Competitive Grants Program.” Included is the
Organic Transitions Program (ORG), which funds

research, extension, and education programs to
improve the competitiveness of organic producers
and producers transitioning to organic practices.
CRS-118


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Research
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 7626]
Provides for a coordinated program of research,
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7303]
extension, and education to improve the
competitiveness, viability, and sustainability of small
and medium size dairy, livestock, and poultry
operations. [7 U.S.C. 7627]
Section 408(e) authorizes research on diseases of
Reauthorizes program at $10 million per year through
Reauthorizes program at $7.5 million per year through
wheat, triticale, and barley caused by Fusarium
FY2018, subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7303]
FY2018, subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7304]
graminearum or by Tilletia indica. Appropriations of
such sums as necessary are authorized through
FY2013. [7 U.S.C.7628(e)]
Provides for establish a program to conduct
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7305]
research, testing, and evaluation of programs for
the control and management of Johne's disease in
livestock. [7 U.S.C. 7629]
Section 410(d) authorizes grants for youth
Reauthorizes program at $3 million per year through
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7306]
organizations. Appropriations of such sums as
FY2018, subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7304]
necessary are authorized through FY2013. [7
U.S.C.7630(d)]

Section 7311 of the 2008 farm bill amended the
Reauthorizes SCRI and provides mandatory CCC funds of Reauthorizes SCRI and mandatory CCC funds of $25
AREERA to establish the Specialty Crop Research
$25 million (FY2014); $30 million annually (FY2015-
million (FY2013); $50 million annually (FY2014-FY2015);
Initiative (SCRI), providing mandatory CCC funds
FY2016); $65 million (FY2017); and $50 million (FY2018
$55 million (FY2016-FY2017); and $65 million (FY2018
of $30 million (FY2008) and $50 mil ion annual y
and each fiscal year thereafter). Requires USDA consult
and each fiscal year thereafter). Extends authority to
(FY2009-FY2012), plus authorizes $100 million
with the specialty crops committee during the peer and
appropriate funds through FY2018. Requires USDA to
annual y (FY2008-FY2013), subject to
merit review process. [Sec. 7305]
award competitive grants based on an initial scientific
appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 7632]
peer review conducted by a panel of subject matter
experts and a USDA review and ranking for merit,
relevance, and impact conducted by a panel of specialty
crop industry representatives. [Sec. 7307]
Sec. 604 of AREERA authorizes the Food Animal
Reauthorizes program and extends authority to
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7308]
Residue Avoidance Database. Appropriations of
appropriate funds through FY2018. [Sec. 7306]
such sums as necessary are authorized through
FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 7642]
CRS-119


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Research
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Sec. 612 of AREERA authorizes National Swine
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7309]
Research Center. [P.L. 105-185; 112 Stat. 605]
AREERA establishes the Office of Pest Management
Reauthorizes appropriations of $3 million annual y
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7310]
Policy to coordinate USDA’s policies and activities
(FY2014- FY2018). [Section 7307]
related to pesticides and pest management tools.
Authorizes appropriations of such sums as

necessary through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 7653]

Amends Title VI of AREERA [7 U.S.C. 7651 et seq.] to
No comparable provision.
establish four “Regional Integrated Pest Management
Centers” (located in the north central, northeastern,
southern, and western regions) to provide research and
extension programs, outreach, and response to
information needs, among other purposes. [Sec. 7308]
Requires USDA to conduct a performance
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7311]
evaluation to determine whether federally funded
agricultural research, extension, and education
programs result in public goods that have national
or multistate significance. [7 U.S.C. 7671 et seq.]
Authorities in Other Laws


Provides for development of critical agricultural
Reauthorizes at $2 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7401]
materials. Appropriations of such sums as necessary subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7401]
are authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 178n]
1994 institutions (tribally controlled colleges) are
Updates the list of institutions. Makes changes in grant
Nearly identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7402]
defined. [7 U.S.C. 301]
process. [Sec. 7402]
Authorizes funding for costs of agricultural research Extends authority to appropriate funds through FY2018.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7403]
facilities (experiment stations) under the Research
[Sec. 7403]
Facilities Act. Appropriations of such sums as
necessary are authorized through FY2013. [7
U.S.C. 390d(a)]

Authorizes carbon cycle research. [7 U.S.C. 6711] No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7404]
The Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) Reauthorizes at $700 million per year for AFRI through
Similar to the Senate bill. Adds emphasis on plant-based
makes competitive grants for fundamental and
FY2018. Directs USDA to streamline the competitive
foods that are major sources of nutrients of concern,
CRS-120


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Research
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
applied research, and for purchasing research
grant process for eligible institutions with limited
zoonotic diseases in wildlife reservoirs presenting a
equipment. Authorized funding at $700 million
resources. [Sec. 7404]
potential concern to public health or domestic livestock,
annual y from FY2008 through FY2013, subject to
data for safe and effective therapeutic applications of
appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 450i]
animal drugs, conservation practices and technologies
designed to address nutrient losses and improve water
quality, pest management for minor agricultural use and
for use on specialty crops. [Sec. 7405]
USDA operates a National Agricultural Library to
Reauthorizes through FY2018 the authority to lease
Similar to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7511]
serve as the primary agricultural information
property of the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center or
resource of the United States. [7 U.S.C. 3125a]
the Library to any individual or entity. [Sec. 7405]

For annual funds made available to the National
No comparable provision.
Agricultural Library, the Secretary shall use not more
than $5 million per year to support the dissemination of
objective agricultural and food law research and
information through partnerships with institutions of
higher education. [Sec. 7602]
The Renewable Resources Extension Act of 1978
Reauthorizes at $30 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7406]
(P.L. 95-306) authorizes educational and technical
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7406]
aid via state extension agencies and eligible
universities and colleges. Authorizes annual
appropriations of $30 million (FY2009-FY2013). [16
U.S.C. 1671-1676]

Section 10 of the National Aquaculture Act of 1980
Extends authority to appropriate funds through FY2018.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7407]
establishes USDA as the lead Federal agency for
[Sec. 7407]
coordinating and disseminating national aquaculture
information. Authorizes annual appropriations of $3
million through FY2013. [16 U.S.C. 2801]
Authorized through April 4, 2001, the use of
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7408]
remote sensing to anticipate potential food, feed,
and fiber shortages, and to provide timely
information to assist farmers with planting
decisions. [7 U.S.C. 5935]
Requires reports on producers and handlers for
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7409]
organic products [7 U.S.C. 5925b note; P.L. 107-
CRS-121


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Research
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
171], genetical y modified pest-protected plants
[P.L. 107-171; 116 Stat. 462], and nutrient
banking for the purpose of enhancing the health
and viability of watersheds in areas with large
concentrations of animal producing units [7 U.S.C.
5925a note; P.L. 107-171].
Establishes the Beginning Farmer and Rancher
Reauthorizes mandatory funding of $17 million per year
Reauthorizes mandatory funding of $20 million per year
Development Program; provides training,
for FY2014-FY2018 (to be available until expended) and
for FY2014-FY2018 (to be available until expended) and
education, outreach/technical assistance initiatives.
extends authority to appropriate funds through FY2018.
extends authority to appropriate funds through FY2018.
Provides mandatory CCC funds of $18 million
State grants are to be made on a competitive basis for
Not less than 5% of funds are to be used to support
(FY2009) and $19 million annually (FY2010-
establishing and improving farm safety at the local
beginning farmers who are military veterans. Recipients of
FY2012), plus authorizes $30 million annual y
level.[Sec. 7408]
grants may not use more than 10% of funds for indirect
(FY2008-FY2013), subject to appropriations. [7
costs. [Sec. 7410]
U.S.C. 3319f]
Under Section 8 of P.L. 87-788 (commonly known
No comparable provision.
Adds the American Samoa, Federated States of
as the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act),
Micronesia, and Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
the term “State" includes Puerto Rico, the Virgin
Islands to the list of included territories. [Sec. 7411]
Islands, and Guam. [16 U.S.C. 582a-7]
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008


Establishes a communication center to prepare for
Reauthorizes programs at $2 million per year through
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7501]
an agricultural disease emergency or threat to
FY2018, subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7501]
agricultural biosecurity. Appropriations of such
sums as necessary are authorized for FY2008

through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 8912]
Provides assistance to build local capacity in
Reauthorizes at $15 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7502]
agricultural biosecurity planning, preparedness, and
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7502]
response. Appropriations of such sums as necessary
are authorized for FY2008 through FY2013. [7
U.S.C. 8913]

Establishes a competitive grant program to
Reauthorizes program at $15 million per year through
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7503]
encourage basic and applied research and the
FY2018, subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7503]
development of qualified agricultural
countermeasures to respond to an outbreak of
plant disease. Annual appropriations of $50 million
CRS-122


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Research
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
are authorized for FY2008 through FY2013. [7
U.S.C. 8921(b)]

Establishes a competitive grant program to
Reauthorizes at $5 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7504]
promote the development of teaching programs in
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7504]
disciplines closely allied to the food and agriculture
system to increase the number of trained
individuals with an expertise in agricultural
biosecurity. Appropriations of such sums as
necessary are authorized for FY2008 through
FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 8922(e)]
Prohibits the Grazinglands Research Laboratory at
Reauthorizes provision through FY2018. [Sec. 7511]
Nearly identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7512]
El Reno, Oklahoma from being declared excess or
surplus Federal property.
In the annual budget process, the President is
Requires the budget submission to include sufficient
Nearly identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7513]
required to submit to Congress a single budget line
information for Congress to thoroughly evaluate and
item reflecting the total amount requested by the
approve future spending plans with regard to extramural
President for funding for research, education, and
competitive grants programs and intramural research
extension activities of the Research, Education, and
spending. New language is added to create transparency
Economics mission area of USDA for each fiscal
and accountability for USDA research programs. [Sec.
year and for the preceding 5 years. [7 U.S.C.
7512]
7614c]
Establishes a program of research relating to
Reauthorizes at $7 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7517]
natural products, including products from plant,
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7513]
marine, and microbial sources. Appropriations of
such sums as necessary are authorized for FY2008
through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 5937]
Establishes bioenergy research programs through
Consolidates and amends the Sun Grant Program to
Nearly identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7518]
“sun” grants to land grant institutions and five
expand input from other appropriate federal agencies and
regional centers. The research is to enhance
replace authority for gasification research with
national energy security through the development,
bioproducts research. Makes program competitive by
distribution, and implementation of biobased energy removing designation of certain universities as regional
technologies. Annual appropriations of $75 million
centers. Reauthorizes at $75 million per year through
(FY2008-FY2013) are authorized [7 U.S.C. 8114]
FY2018, subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7514]
CRS-123


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Research
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Authorizes research and education grants to study
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7514]
the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. [7
U.S.C. 3202]

Authorizes competitive grants for a Farm and
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7515]
Ranch Stress Assistance Network. [7 U.S.C. 5936]
Authorizes competitive grants to carry out a seed
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7516]
distribution program to administer and maintain the
distribution of vegetable seeds donated by
commercial seed companies. [7 U.S.C. 415-1]
Requires a study and report on food deserts (area
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7519]
with limited access to affordable food). [P.L. 110-
246; 122 Stat. 2039]

Authorizes competitive grants for agricultural and
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7520]
rural transportation research and education
activities. [Sec. 7 U.S.C. 5938]
USDA may negotiate agreements granting
No comparable provision.
Net proceeds from the agreements shall be used
concessions at the National Arboretum to
exclusively for research and educational work for the
nonprofit scientific or educational organizations.
benefit of the National Arboretum. A non-profit
[Sec. 20 U.S.C. 196]
organization that entered into an agreement may
recognize donors if that recognition is approved in
advance by the Secretary. [Sec. 7601]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to submit to Congress a report on the
fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 and
the impact of such fungus on cotton. [Sec. 7602]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
USDA may authorize a non-federal entity to construct, at
no cost and without obligation of the federal government,
a facility for use by the Agricultural Research Service on
land owned by the agency. Subject to certain conditions,
the facility may be accepted as a gift if the value does not
exceed $5 million. [Sec. 7603]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Miscellaneous technical correction. [Sec. 7604]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Allows an institution of higher education to grow
CRS-124


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Research
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
industrial hemp if cultivated for purposes of research and
if allowed under the laws of the State in which the
institution is located. [Sec. 7605]
CRS-125




Title VIII. Forestry
House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Forestry
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Program Repeal


Sec. 4 of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act
Repeals FLEP, effective October 1, 2013. [Sec. 8001]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 8001]
of 1978 (CFAA, P.L. 95-313), as amended,
authorizes and establishes the Forest Land
Enhancement Program (FLEP)
between
FY2002-FY2008. The program was not
reauthorized in the 2008 farm bill. [16 U.S.C.
2301]

Sec. 6 of the CFAA, as amended, authorizes and
No comparable provision.
Repeals WFAP, effective October, 1, 2013. [Sec. 8002]
establishes the Watershed Forestry Assistance
Program (WFAP)
between FY2004-FY2008.
Funding has never been appropriated. [16 U.S.C.
2301b]

Sec. 18 of the CFAA, as amended, authorizes and
No comparable provision.
Repeals the Cooperative National Forest Products
establishes the Cooperative National Forest
Marketing Program. [Sec. 8003]
Products Marketing Program between
FY1988-FY1991. Since FY1993, funding is
appropriated through the Economic Action
Program (EAP), administered by the U.S. Forest
Service. [16 U.S.C. 2112]
Sec. 8402 of the 2008 farm bill, as amended,
Repeals the Hispanic-serving institution agricultural land
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 8004]
authorizes the Hispanic-serving institution
national resources leadership program, effective October
agricultural land national resources
1, 2013. [Sec. 8002]
leadership program to provide undergraduate
forestry scholarships. Funding has never been
appropriated. [16 U.S.C. 1649a]
Sec. 303 of the Healthy Forest Restoration Act of
Repeals the Tribal watershed forestry assistance program, Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 8005]
2003 (HFRA, P.L. 108-148), as amended, authorizes
effective October, 1, 2013. [Sec. 8003]
and establishes the Tribal watershed forestry
assistance program
between FY2004-FY2008.
Funding has never been appropriated. [16. U.S.C.
6542]
CRS-126


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Forestry
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Sec. 322 of the Department of the Interior and
No comparable provision.
Repeals Sec. 322. [Sec. 8006]
Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 1993 (P.L.
102-381, also known as the Appeals Reform Act),
requires the U.S. Forest Service to provide public
notice, comment, and appeals for land and resource
management plans and projects developed under
the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources
Planning Act of 1974 [16 U.S.C. 1612, note]
Sec. 428 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of
No comparable provision.
Prohibits Sec. 428 from applying to any project or activity
2012, requires USDA to implement a pre-decisional
implementing a land and resource management plan that
objection process for projects implementing land
is categorically excluded from an environmental
and resource management plans developed under
assessment (EA) or environmental impact statement (EIS)
the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources
under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
Planning Act of 1974. [16 U.S.C. 6515, note]
[Sec. 8006]
Reauthorization of Forestry-Related Programs

Sec. 2A(f)(1) of the CFAA, as amended, authorizes
Reauthorizes funding to carry out the state-wide
No comparable provision.
up to $10 million in annual appropriations between
assessment and strategies for forest resources at $10
FY2008-FY2012 to carry out the state-wide
mil ion annual y through FY2018. [Sec. 8101]
assessment and strategies for forest
resources. [16 U.S.C. 2101a(f)(1)]
Sec. 2A(c) of the CFAA, as amended, directs the
No comparable provision.
Adds military installments, where feasible, to the list of
coordination of certain specified federal, state, and
coordinating agencies. [Sec. 8101]
tribal parties in the development of state-wide
assessment and strategies for forest
resources. [16 U.S.C. 2101a(c)]

Sec. 7 of the CFAA, as amended, permanently
No comparable provision.
Eliminates permanent authority to receive annual
authorizes such sums as necessary to be
appropriations of such sums as necessary, and instead
appropriated to carry out the Forest Legacy
authorizes FLP to receive such sums as necessary for
Program (FLP). FLP was created to protect
FY2013 and $55 million annually between FY2014 and
forests that might soon be cleared for non-forest
FY2018, subject to appropriations. [Sec. 8102]
uses and received average annual appropriations of
approximately $58 million from FY2008-FY2012.
[16 U.S.C. 2103c]
CRS-127


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Forestry
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Sec. 7a of the CFAA, as amended, permanently
No comparable provision.
Eliminates permanent authority to receive annual
authorizes such sums as necessary to be
appropriations of such sums as necessary, and instead
appropriated to carry out the Community
authorizes the program to receive such sums as necessary
Forest and Open Space Conservation
for FY2013 and $1.5 million annually for FY2014-FY2018,
program. The program provides financial
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 8103]
assistance to local governments, tribes, and
nonprofit organizations for preventing the
conversion of forestland to non-forest uses.
Appropriations between FY2010-FY2012 for this
program were less than $2 million annually. [16
U.S.C. 2103d]

Sec. 2371(d)(2) of the Food, Agriculture,
Reauthorizes funding to carry out the rural revitalization
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 8201]
Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-624, technologies program at $5 million annually through
1990 farm bill), as amended, authorizes
FY2018, subject to appropriations. [Sec. 8201]
appropriations of $5 million annually through
FY2013 to carry out the rural revitalization
technologies program
. [7 U.S.C. 6601(d)(2)]
Sec. 2405 of the Global Climate Change Prevention
Reauthorizes the Office of International Forestry to
Similar to Senate bill, except authorizes such sums as
Act of 1990 (within the 1990 farm bill), as amended, receive such sums as necessary through FY2018 subject
necessary for FY2013 and $6 million annually for FY2014-
authorizes such sums as necessary to be
to appropriations. [Sec. 8202]
FY2018, subject to appropriations. [Sec. 8202]
appropriated to administer the Office of
International Forestry
until FY2013. The office
received an average annual appropriation of
approximately $7.5 million from FY2008-FY2012.
[7 U.S.C. 6704]
Sec. 347 of the Department of the Interior and
Repeals current authority and adds similar provisions to
Reauthorizes current authority to September 30, 2018,
Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 1999 (P.L.
create a new Sec. 603 of the HFRA, as amended.
gives the Secretary of Agriculture the discretion to
105-277), as amended, authorizes the Forest
Authorizes stewardship contracts, of 5-10 years, to
consider a contract entered under this authority as a
Service and Bureau of Land Management to enter
achieve land management goals. Includes performance,
contract for the sale of property, and requires fire liability
into stewardship end-result contracting
monitoring, evaluation, and reporting requirements. [Sec.
provisions be incorporated into all contracts and
projects (stewardship contracts) to enter into
8204]
agreements entered under this authority. [Sec. 8204]
contracts or agreements for services to achieve
land management goals. Authority expires
September 30, 2013. [16 U.S.C. 2104, note]
CRS-128


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Forestry
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Sec. 508 of the HFRA, as amended, authorizes the
Eliminates mandatory funding authority and replaces with
Eliminates mandatory funding authority and replaces with
Healthy Forests Reserve Program (HFRP) to
authorization to receive appropriations of $9.75 million
authorization to receive appropriations of $9.75 million
receive $9.75 million of mandatory funding annually
annual y through FY2018. Adds a definition of “acreage
annual y through FY2018. Provides flexibility for funding
through FY2012. [16 U.S.C. 3578] Sec. 502(e)(3)
owned by Indian tribes.” Enrollment options are
technical assistance. Does not include the Senate language
of the HFRA, as amended, authorizes the
unchanged. Provides flexibility for funding technical
related to acreage owned by Indian tribes. [Sec. 8203]
enrollment of acreage owned by Indian tribes into
assistance. [Sec. 8205]
HFRP through 30-year contracts, 10-year cost-
share agreements, or any combination thereof. [16
U.S.C. 6572(e)(3)]

National Forest Critical Area Response


No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Note: The National Forest Critical Area Response
subtitle is similar to a stand-alone bill introduced in the
House (H.R. 1895). [Sec. 8301-7304]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Defines critical area, National Forest System, and
Secretary. [Sec.7301]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Requires the designation of critical areas with the
National Forest system to address deteriorating forest
health and future risks to forest health. Requires USDA
to use the most recent annual forest health aerial surveys
to determine current forest health, and the National
Insect and Disease Risk map to determine future risks to
forest health. The first critical area must be designated
within 60-days of enactment and critical areas will not
expire for 10-years. [Sec. 8302]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Allows the use of expedited procedures set forth in
HFRA (environmental analysis, administrative review, and
judicial review), with some modifications, to be used for
critical areas. Exempts critical areas from the notice and
comment and appeals requirements for land and resource
management plans and projects. Excludes projects less
than 10,000 acres from conducting an EA or an EIS under
NEPA, or a special administrative review under Sec. 105
of the HFRA, unless the land is in a National Wilderness
Preservation System, federal land where vegetation
removal is prohibited, wilderness study area, or
CRS-129


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Forestry
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
inconsistent with the land and resource management plan.
[Sec. 8303]
Sec. 331 of the Department of the Interior and
No comparable provision.
Extends the Good Neighbor Authority to any state that
Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2001 (P.L.
contains National Forest System land and authorizes state
106-291), as amended, authorizes the Forest
foresters to provide forest, rangeland, watershed
Service and Bureau of Land Management in
restoration, management, and protection services.
Colorado to enter into cooperative agreements or
Agreements and contracts are exempt from certain
contracts with the state of Colorado to provide
timber sale requirements. NEPA decisions may not be
watershed restoration and protection services on
delegated through agreements or contracts. Adds
adjacent federal land—referred to as the Good
commercial harvesting or other mechanical vegetative
Neighbor Authority. Sec. 337 of the
treatments as an authorized service. [Sec. 8304]
Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2005 (P.L.
108-447)
, as amended, extends the authority to
the Forest Service in the state of Utah. Authority
expires September 30, 2013.
Miscellaneous Forestry Provisions


Sec. 4 of the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Waives the matching requirements for 1890 Institutions
No comparable provision.
Act (P.L. 87-788), as amended, establishes funding
for allocations below $200,000. [Sec. 8301(a)]
requirements for col ege and university forestry-
related research. [16 U.S.C. 582a-3]
Sec. 8 of the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Adds Federated States of Micronesia, American Samoa,
No comparable provision.
Act, as amended, defines ‘states’ as including Puerto Northern Mariana Islands, and the District of Columbia to
Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Guam. [16 U.S.C.
the definition of ‘state.’ [Sec. 8301(b)]
582a-7]
Sec. 3(e) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable
Requires USDA to revise the strategic plan for forest
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 8401]
Resources Research Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-307), as
inventory and analysis and report revisions to Congress.
amended, requires USDA to establish a program to
[Sec. 8302]
inventory and analyze public and private forests and
their resources. [16 U.S.C. 1642(e)]
Sec. 1252 of FSA, as amended, authorizes an
No comparable provision.
Authorizes a program similar to the Agricultural
Agriculture Conservation Experienced
Conservation Experienced Services (ACES) program
Service Program (ACES), such that USDA can
under the conservation title (Title II) to provide technical
enter into agreements with organizations to
services for conservation-related programs and
provide technical assistance (excludes
authorities on National Forest Service lands. [Sec. 8402]
CRS-130


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Forestry
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
administrative tasks) using qualified individuals 55
years or older. [16 U.S.C. 3851]
Sec. 3(d)(2) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable No comparable provision.
Adds demonstrating the beneficial characteristics of wood
Resources Research Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-307), as
as a green building material as a research and education
amended, sets research and education priorities for
priority and requires the Secretary to submit an annual
the Forest Service. [16 U.S.C. 1642(d)(2)]
report to Congress describing the Forest Service’s
research on and application of wood as a green building
material. [Sec. 8403]
Sec. 14(g) of the National Forest Management Act
No comparable provision.
Authorizes the Forest Service to designate harvest
of 1976 [16 U.S.C. 472a(g)] requires the physical
material through description (describing specific
designation or marking of trees or forest products
characteristics of trees for harvest, such as a certain
for timber sale harvests.
species of tree with a given stump diameter) or
prescription (prescribing the desired post-harvest
characteristics, such as thinning a stand to a specific basal
area factor), in addition to physically designating or
marking individual trees for harvest. [Sec. 8404]
No comparable provision.
Allows the Secretary of Agriculture to serve as an
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 8405]
intermediary between States seeking reimbursement of
fire funds, subject to terms and conditions. [Sec. 8303]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to submit a report
to Congress containing an assessment of the raw material
needs and ability of the national forests to fulfill those
needs of wood-producing facilities located within 100
miles of a national forest, and a comparison of the volume
of timber sold and harvested from each national forest to
the allowable sale quality indicated in each Forest Plan for
the past decade [Sec. 8406]
No comparable provisions.
No comparable provision.
Requires the Secretary to submit a report to Congress
on the status of national forest roads and trails. [Sec.
8407]

No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to designate treatment areas in at least
No comparable provision.
one national forest in each state, if requested by the
Governor of the state, where there is declining forest
health from insect or disease infestation. Authorizes
CRS-131


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Forestry
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
appropriations of $200 million annual y through FY2018.
New Sec. 602 of the HFRA [Sec. 8203]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Authorizes the Forest Service to establish a large
airtanker and aerial asset lease program and to enter into
mulityear lease contracts for up to five aircraft, subject to
appropriations. [Sec. 8408]
CRS-132



Title IX. Energy
House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Energy
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Definitions

Advanced Biofuel. Fuel derived from renewable
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
biomass other than corn kernel starch. Includes
biofuel derived from sugar and starch other than
corn kernel starch, renewable biodiesel, biogas
produced from organic matter, as well as other
fuels (e.g., home heating fuels, and aviation and jet
fuels) from cellulosic biomass (including organic
waste material). [7 U.S.C. 8101(3)]
Biobased Product. A commercial or industrial
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
Similar to current law except for the explicit inclusion of
product—i.e., intermediate, feedstock, or end
forestry materials that meet biobased content
product (other than food or feed)—composed in
requirements, notwithstanding the market share the
whole or in part of biological products including
product holds, the age of the product, or whether the
renewable agricultural and forestry materials.
market for the product is new or emerging. [Sec. 9001]
[7 U.S.C. 8101(4)]
Biofuel. A fuel derived from renewable biomass.
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
[7 U.S.C. 8101(5)]
Biomass Conversion Facility. A facility that
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
converts renewable biomass into heat, power,
biobased products, or advanced biofuels.
[7 U.S.C. 8101(6)]

Biorefinery. A facility (including equipment and
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
processes) that converts renewable biomass into
biofuels and biobased products, and may produce
electricity. [7 U.S.C. 8101(7)]
No comparable provision.
Forest Product. A product made from materials
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 9001]
derived from the practice of forestry or the management
of growing timber including pulp, paper, paperboard,
pellets, lumber, and wood products, and any recycled
products derived from forest materials. [Sec. 9001]
Renewable Biomass. Includes- (A) materials,
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
pre-commercial thinnings, or invasive species from
CRS-133


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Energy
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
National Forest System land and public lands that
are: byproducts of designated preventive
treatments (removed to reduce hazardous fuels, to
reduce or to contain disease or insect infestation,
or to restore ecosystem health), not used for
higher value products, and harvested in accordance
with applicable law and land management plans and
requirements for old-growth maintenance,
restoration, and management and large-tree
retention, or (B) any organic matter available on a
recurring basis from non-federal or Indian land
including: renewable plant material (including
agricultural commodities, plants and trees, and
algae) and waste material (including crop residue,
vegetative waste, wood waste and residues, animal
waste and byproducts, and food and yard waste).
[7 U.S.C. 8101(12)]

No comparable definition.
Renewable Chemical. A monomer, polymer, plastic,
No comparable definition.
formulated product, or chemical substance produced
from renewable biomass. [Sec. 9001]
Renewable Energy. Energy derived from a wind,
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
solar, renewable biomass, ocean (including tidal,
wave, current, and thermal), geothermal, or
hydroelectric source. [7 U.S.C. 8101(13)]
No comparable definition.
No comparable definition.
Renewable Energy System. A system that produces
energy from a renewable source including distribution
components necessary to move energy produced by such
a system to the initial point of sale, but not any
mechanism for dispensing energy at retail (e.g., a blender
pump). [Sec. 9001]
Authorized Programs
Biobased Markets Program. Extended by the
Extends the Biobased Markets Program through FY2018
Extends current law through FY2018. Authorizes to be
2008 farm bill. Requires federal agencies to
including, in addition to preference for biobased products, appropriated $2 million annually for FY2014-FY2018. No
purchase products with maximum biobased content establish a targeted biobased-only procurement
mandatory funding is authorized. [Sec. 9002]
subject to availability and flexibility and
requirement for federal agencies. Limits reporting on the
CRS-134


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Energy
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
performance standards. Minimum biobased content
availability, relative price, performance and environmental
standards applied to federal contracts on case-by-
and public health benefits of biobased materials subject to
case basis. Continued voluntary labeling.
the availability of data. Adds reporting requirements of
Authorized mandatory funding of $1 million for
quantities and types of biobased products purchased by
FY2008 and $2 million annual y for FY2009-FY2012; procuring federal agencies and a focus on biobased
no mandatory funding was authorized for FY2013.
content requirements (explicitly including forest
Authorized to be appropriated $2 million annual y
products). Mandates (within 1 year of enactment)
for FY2009-FY2013 for testing and labeling.
designation of intermediate ingredients or feedstocks and
[7 U.S.C. 8102]
assembled and finished biobased products according to
guidelines. Adds auditing and compliance activities to
ensure proper use of biobased labeling. Adds an outreach,
education, and promotion component (with annual
reports) to increase awareness of biobased products.
Mandates study (and report) by USDA to assess
economic impact of biobased product industry, due 180
days after enactment. Encourages expedited coordination,
review and approval (with appropriate technical
assistance) of forest-related biobased products.
Authorizes mandatory funding of $3 million annual y for
FY2014-FY2018. Authorizes to be appropriated $2 million
annual y for FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 9002]
Biorefinery Assistance Program. Established by Renamed as the Biorefinery, Renewable Chemical,
Extends current law through FY2018 except that the
the 2008 farm bill. Assists in development of new
and Biobased Product Manufacturing Assistance
program is limited to loan guarantees (grants are
and emerging technologies for advanced biofuels by
Program. Extends and expands the program to include
eliminated); demonstration-scale biorefineries are no
providing competitive grants (up to 30% of total
renewable chemical (as defined above in Sec. 9001) and
longer eligible for loan guarantees. Authorizes to be
project costs) and loan guarantees (limited to $250
biobased product manufacturing (defined as development,
appropriated $75 million annually for FY2014-FY2018. No
mil ion or 80% of project cost) for construction
construction, and retrofitting of technologically new
mandatory funding is authorized. [Sec. 9003]
and/or retrofitting of demonstration-scale
commercial-scale processing and manufacturing
biorefineries to demonstrate the commercial
equipment and required facilities used to convert
viability of one or more processes for converting
renewable chemicals and other biobased outputs into
renewable biomass to advanced biofuels. Provided
commercial-scale end products). Extends grants and loan
mandatory funding of $75 million in FY2009 and
guarantee availability to the development and
$245 million in FY2010, available until expended,
construction of renewable chemical and biobased product
for loan guarantees. Authorized to be appropriated
manufacturing facilities. Authorized mandatory funding of
$150 million annual y for FY2009-13 for grants.
$100 million for FY2014 and $58 million each for FY2015-
[7 U.S.C. 8103]
FY2016, but not more than $25 mil ion of FY2014-
FY2015 may be used to promote biobased product
CRS-135


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Energy
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
manufacturing. Authorized to be appropriated $150
mil ion annual y for FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 9003]
Repowering Assistance Program. Established
No comparable provision.
Extends current law through FY2018. Authorizes to be
by the 2008 farm bill. Provides funds to reduce or
appropriated $10 million annually for FY2014-FY2018. No
eliminate the use of fossil fuels for processing or
mandatory funding is authorized. [Sec. 9004]
power in biorefineries in existence at enactment.
Not more than 5% of funds are available to eligible
producers with a refining capacity exceeding 150
mil ion gallons of advanced biofuel per year.
Provided mandatory CCC funding of $35 million
for FY2009, available until expended. Authorized to
be appropriated $15 million annually for FY2009-
13. [7 U.S.C. 8104]
Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels.
Extends the Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels
Nearly identical to the Senate bill, except the House
Established by the 2008 farm bill. Provides
Program through FY2018. Authorizes to be appropriated
authorizes to be appropriated $50 million annually for
payments to producers to support and expand
$20 million annual y for FY2014-FY2018. No mandatory
FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 9005]
production of advanced biofuels by entering into
funding is authorized. [Sec. 9004]
contracts to pay producers for production of
eligible advanced biofuels. Provided mandatory
funding of $55 million (FY2009), $55 million
(FY2010), $85 million (FY2011), and $105 million
(FY2012), available until expended. Authorized to
be appropriated $25 million annually (FY2009-13)
[7 U.S.C. 8105]
Biodiesel Fuel Education Program. Extended
Extends the Biodiesel Fuel Education Program through
Extends the Biodiesel Fuel Education Program through
by the 2008 farm bill. Awards competitive grants to
FY2018. Authorizes mandatory funding of $1 million
FY2018. Authorizes to be appropriated $2 million
nonprofit organizations that educate fleet operators annual y for FY2014-FY2018. Authorizes to be
annual y for FY2014-FY2018. No mandatory funding is
and the public on biodiesel benefits. Provided
appropriated $1 million annual y for FY2014-FY2018.
authorized. [Sec. 9006]
mandatory CCC funding of $1 million annual y
[Sec. 9005]
(FY2008-FY2012). Authorized to be appropriated
$1 million for FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 8106]
Rural Energy for America Program (REAP).
Extends REAP through FY2018. Grants are limited to the
Nearly identical to the Senate bill except that the grant
Established by the 2008 farm bill. Provides financial
lesser of $500,000 or 25% of the cost of the RES or EEI
ceiling of $500,000 is not imposed in the House, and it is
assistance of grants, guaranteed loans, and
activity. Repeals the use of REAP funds for feasibility
silent as regards use of funds for feasibility studies. No
combined grants and guaranteed loans for the
studies. Adds a 3-tiered application process with separate
mandatory funding is authorized—instead, $45 million is
CRS-136


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Energy
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
development and construction of renewable energy
application processes for grants and loan guarantees for
authorized to be appropriated annually for FY2014-
systems (RES) and for energy efficiency
RES and EEI projects based on the project cost: tier-1 for
FY2018. [Sec. 9007]
improvement (EEI) projects (eligible entities include
projects < $80,000; tier-2 for $80,000 < projects <
rural small businesses and agricultural producers);
$200,000; and tier-3 for projects > $200,000. Authorizes
grants for conducting energy audits and for
mandatory funding of $68.2 million annually for FY2014-
conducting renewable energy development
FY2018. Authorizes to be appropriated $20 million
assistance (eligible entities include state, tribe, or
annual y for FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 9006]
local governments, land-grant colleges and
universities, rural electric cooperatives, and public
power entities); and grants for conducting RES
feasibility studies (eligible entities include rural small
businesses and agricultural producers). Grants are
limited to $500,000 for RES and $250,000 for EEI
activities up to 25% of the cost of the RES or EEI
activity. Loan guarantees are limited to a max of
$25 million and a min of $5,000 up to 75% of the
cost of a funded activity. Provides mandatory funds:
$55 million (FY2009), $60 million (FY2010), $70
mil ion (FY2011), and $70 million (FY2012),
available until expended. Authorizes $25 million
annually, subject to appropriations
(FY2009-FY2013). [7 U.S.C. 8107]
Biomass Research & Development Initiative
Extends BRDI through FY2018. Authorizes mandatory
Extends BRDI through FY2018. No mandatory funding is
(BRDI). Created originally under the Biomass
funding of $26 million annual y for FY2014-FY2018.
authorized. Authorizes to be appropriated $20 million
Research & Development Act of 2000 [P.L. 106-
Authorizes to be appropriated $30 million annual y for
annual y for FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 9008]
224], and extended by the 2008 farm bill. Provides
FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 9007]
competitive funding as grants, contracts, and
financial assistance for research, development, and
demonstration of technologies and processes
leading to commercial production of biofuels and
biobased products. Provides for coordination
between USDA and DOE work related to biofuels
and biobased products research and development
programs through the Biomass Research and
Development Board. Provides mandatory funding:
$20 million (FY2009), $28 million (FY2010), $30
mil ion (FY1022), and $40 million (FY2012).
CRS-137


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Energy
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Authorizes to be appropriated $35 million annually
(FY2009-FY2013). [7 U.S.C. 8108]
Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative.
No provision. Hence, program funding authority would
No provision. Hence, program funding authority would
Established by amended Sec. 9009 [Sec. 9001] of
expire after FY2013.
expire after FY2013.
2008 farm bill. Provides cost-share grants (up to
50%) for rural communities to assess energy
systems and make improvements. Authorizes to be
appropriated $5 million annual y (FY2009-FY2013);
however, no funds were ever appropriated and no
rules were ever promulgated. [7 U.S.C. 8109]
Feedstock Flexibility Program. Established by
Extends the Feed Stock Flexibility Program through
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 9009]
the 2008 farm bill. Authorizes use of CCC funds
FY2018. [Sec. 9008]
(such sums as necessary) to purchase sugar
(intended for food use but deemed to be in surplus)
for resale as a biomass feedstock to produce
bioenergy. USDA would implement the program
only in those years where purchases are
determined to be necessary to ensure that the
sugar program operates at no cost to the federal
government. [7 U.S.C. 8110]
Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP).
Extends BCAP through FY2018. Changes enrol ed land
Extends BCAP through FY2018. Removes criteria defining
Established by the 2008 farm bill. Provides financial
eligibility; includes residue from crops receiving Title I
eligible materials and exclusions to eligible materials.
assistance to owners and operators of agricultural
payments as eligible material, but extends exclusion to
Removes al support for CHST. No mandatory funding is
land and nonindustrial private forest land who wish
any whole grain from a Title I crop, as well as bagasse and
authorized. Authorizes to be appropriated $75 million
to establish, produce, and deliver biomass
algae. One-time establishment payments are limited to no
annual y for FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 9010]
feedstocks under two categories of assistance: (A)
more than 50% of cost of establishment, not to exceed
establishment and annual payments provided under
$500 per acre ($750/acre for socially disadvantaged
contract between USDA and participating
farmers or ranchers). CHST matching payments may not
producers, including a one-time payment of up to
exceed $20 per dry ton but are available for a 4-year
75% of cost of establishment for perennial crops,
period. Not later than 4 years after enactment, USDA
and annual payments (rental rates based on a set of
shal submit a report on best practice data and
criteria) of up to 5 years for non-woody and 15
information gathered from participants. Authorizes
years for woody perennial biomass crops, and (B)
mandatory funding of $38.6 million annually for FY2014-
matching payments at a rate of $1 for each $1 per
FY2018. Not less than 10% or more than 50% of funding
ton provided, up to $45 per ton, for a period of 2
may be used for CHST. [Sec. 9009]
years to help eligible material owners with
CRS-138


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Energy
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
collection, harvest, storage, and transportation
(CHST) of eligible material for use in a qualified
biomass conversion facility. Eligible material
excludes Title I crops, animal waste and
byproducts, food and yard waste, and algae.
Provides mandatory CCC funding of such sums as
necessary annual y for FY2008-FY2012. Authorized
to be appropriated $20 million for FY2013.
[7 U.S.C. 8111]
Forest Biomass for Energy Program.
Repeals the Forest Biomass for Energy Program.
No comparable provision.
Established by the 2008 farm bill. Requires the
[Sec. 9010]
Forest Service to conduct a competitive research
and development program to encourage use of
forest biomass for energy. Authorized to be
appropriated $15 million annual y (FY2009-
FY2013). [7 U.S.C. 8112]
Community Wood Energy Program.
Extends the Community Wood Energy Program through
Extends the Community Wood Energy Program through
Established by the 2008 farm bill. Provides grants of
FY2018. Authorizes grants of up to $50,000 to be made
FY2018. Authorizes to be appropriated $2 million
up to $50,000 for up to 50% of the cost for
to establish or expand biomass consumer cooperatives
annual y for FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 9011]
communities to plan and install wood energy
that will provide consumers with services or discounts
systems in public buildings. The energy system
relating to the purchase of biomass heating systems or
acquired with grant funds shall not exceed an
products (including their delivery and storage). Any
output of 50,000,000 Btu per hour for heating and
biomass consumer cooperative that receives a grant must
2 megawatts for electric power production.
match at least the equivalent of 50% of the funds toward
Authorized to be appropriated $5 million annual y
the establishment of expansion of a biomass consumer
(FY2009-FY13). [7 U.S.C. 8113]
cooperative. Authorizes to be appropriated $5 million
annual y for FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 9011]
Biofuels Infrastructure Study. The 2008 farm
No comparable provision.
Repeals the requirement to conduct the study (and
bill required USDA to conduct a study (and report)
report). [Sec. 9012]
to assess the infrastructure needs for expanding the
domestic production, transport, and distribution of
biofuels given current and likely future market
trends with recommendations for such
infrastructure through 2025 based on needs, costs,
and other factors. No specific time frame or
funding was provided. [Sec. 9002 of P.L. 110-246]
CRS-139


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Energy
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Renewable Fertilizer Study. The 2008 farm bill
Requirement to conduct the study is repealed. [Sec.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 9013]
required USDA to conduct a study to assess the
9012]
current state of knowledge on the potential for the
production of fertilizer from renewable energy
sources in rural areas. Study was to be completed
within one year of receiving an appropriation.
Authorized to be appropriated $1 million for
FY2009. [Sec. 9003 of P.L. 110-246]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Energy Efficiency Report for USDA Facilities.
Within 180 days after enactment, USDA is required to
submit a report to the House and Senate Agriculture
Committees on energy use and energy efficiency projects
at USDA facilities. [Sec. 9014]
CRS-140


Title X. Horticulture
(unless otherwise specified)
House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Horticulture
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Marketing and Promotion, and Trade


Block Grants to States. The Specialty Crops
Reauthorizes program through FY2018. Increases
Similar to the Senate bill, but provides higher funding
Competitiveness Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-465), as
mandatory funding to $70 million annually (FY2014
levels: $72.5 million annually (FY2014-2017) and $85
amended by the 2008 farm bill, authorized block
through FY2018), which would also raise the minimum
mil ion (FY2018). Requires 50% cost-sharing by states for
grants to states to support projects in marketing,
grant amount received by each state/territory. Changes
equipment or capital-related research costs. [Sec. 10007]
research, pest management, and food safety, among
additional allocation to be based on both production
other purposes. Current mandatory CCC funding
value and acreage (instead of production value only). Of
is $55 million annually (FY2010-FY2013). [7 U.S.C.
the funds provided, allows for multistate project grants
1621 note]
involving food safety, plant pests and disease, crop-specific
projects addressing common issues, and any other area as
determined by USDA, with increased funding starting at
$1 million (FY2013) to $5 million (FY2017). Al ows for
multistate projects for research. Limits administrative
costs to 3% at the federal level and 8% at the state level.
[Sec. 10008]

Farmers' Market Promotion Program
Reauthorizes the current grant program, but changes the
Similar to the Senate bill, except that the House bill
(FMPP). The Farmer-to-Consumer Direct
scope and name of the program to the “Farmer’s Market
provides $30 million annually (FY2014-FY2018) in CCC
Marketing Act (P.L. 94-463), as amended, originally
and Local Food Promotion Program.” Expands the
funding but limits the appropriations authority to $10
authorized the FMPP to promote farmers' markets,
program to include local and regional food enterprises
million annually, and caps administrative expenses at 3%
roadside stands, community-supported agriculture
that process, distribute, aggregate, store, and market
of funding. [Sec. 10003]
programs, agri-tourism activities, and other direct
local y or regionally produced food products, designating
producer-to-consumer market opportunities.
50% of available funds for this purpose. Increases

Authorized annual appropriations for grants to local mandatory funding to $20 million annually (FY2014
governments and nonprofit organizations. Current
through FY2018), and separately authorizes
mandatory CCC funding is $10 mil ion annually
appropriations of $20 million each year (FY2014-FY2018).
(FY2011-FY2012). [7 U.S.C. 3005]
Limits use of funds for administration to 10%. Requires
USDA, when awarding grants, to give priority to
Note: Among the programs not included in the
proposals for projects that benefit underserved
one-year extension of the 2008 farm bill in the
communities, mid-sized farm and ranch operations, and
American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-
build capacity for local/regional food systems. [Sec.
240).
10003]
Note: Another related provision is in Title IV (Nutrition, the
Seniors Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program). [Sec. 4202]

CRS-141


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Horticulture
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Transporting Specialty Crops. Section 10403 of Repeals authorization under section 10403 of the 2008
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 10002]
the 2008 farm bill authorized grants to various
farm bill. [Sec. 10002]
public and private entities to improve transporting
specialty crops to markets. Authorized
appropriations of such sums as necessary.
The Export Apple Act provides for the
Exempts apples shipped to Canada in bulk bins (i.e., bins
Exempts apples shipped to Canada in bulk bins (i.e., bins
inspection and certification of U.S. apples before
with apples weighing more than 100 lbs.) from inspection.
with apples weighing more than 100 lbs.) from provisions
entering foreign commerce. [7 U.S.C. 584]
[Sec. 10011]
of the Export Apple Act. Requires USDA to issue
regulations to carry out this provision within 60 days of
enactment. [Sec. 10010]
Trade Promotion. See also Title III (Trade) for
See Title III, Trade. [Sec. 3205] and [Sec. 3102]
See Title III, Trade. [Sec. 3205] and [Sec. 3102]
reauthorization of Technical Assistance for
Specialty Crops (TASC) [7 U.S.C. 5680] and the
Market Access Program (MAP) [7 U.S.C. 5623]
The Commodity Promotion, Research and
No comparable provision.
Requires that USDA lift a stay of regulations related to
Information Act of 1996 gives USDA’s Agricultural
establishing an industry-funded promotion, research, and
Marketing Service (AMS) general authority to allow
information program for fresh-cut Christmas trees. [Sec.
for the creation of generic promotion programs at
10015]
the request of a group of producers. [7 U.S.C.
7411 et seq.]

Organic Certification


National Organic Program (NOP). The
Reauthorizes NOP and appropriations of $15 million
Reauthorizes NOP and appropriations of $11 million
Organic Foods Production Act (OFPA) of 1990
annual y (FY2014- FY2018). Provides mandatory funding
annual y (FY2014-FY2018). Requires the NOP to
(P.L. 101-624, Title XXI; in 1990 farm bill), as
of $5 million in FY2013 (available until expended) to
modernize its database and technology systems [Sec.
amended by the 2008 farm bill, authorized the NOP modernize the NOP database and technology systems.
10004(b-c)] Amends OFPA’s investigations and
to develop and enforce national standards for
[Sec. 10005(b-c)] Amends OFPA’s recordkeeping,
enforcement provisions. [Sec. 10005]
organically-produced agricultural products.
investigations, and enforcement provisions. [Sec. 10009]
Authorized appropriations were $11 million in
FY2013, plus additional sums as necessary. [7
U.S.C. 6522]
P
rovides for enforcement and
penalties for violations of NOP’s labeling
requirements for certified organic products. [7
U.S.C. 6519]

CRS-142


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Horticulture
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
No research and promotion program for organic
Allows for USDA to develop a process to establish an
Allows for USDA to develop an organic research and
products currently exists.
organic research and promotion program (“check-off”
promotion program (“check-off” program) for organic
program) for organic products. [Sec. 10012]
products, similar to Senate bill. [Sec. 10004(f)]
Financial Assistance. Section 524(b) of the
Authorizes $23 million in mandatory CCC funding
Repeals the National Organic Certification Cost-Share
Federal Crop Insurance Act, as amended,
annual y (FY2014-FY2018) and combines the two
program. [Sec. 10004(d)]
authorizes the Agricultural Management Assistance
programs to include (1) organic certification cost share
(AMA) program. AMA provides financial and
assistance (50% of funds); (2) activities to support risk
technical to producers in 16 specified states for
management education and outreach under the Federal
conservation practices, risk mitigation, and market
Crop Insurance Act (26% of funds); and (3) agricultural
diversification. Provides $15 million in annual
management assistance grants to producers in states with
mandatory funding in FY2008 through FY2014, and
low federal crop insurance participation, for various
$10 million each fiscal year thereafter. Requires
conservation purposes (24% of funds). See Title XI, Crop
50% to NRCS, 40% to RMA, and 10% to AMS. [7
Insurance. [Sec. 11034] Per-person payments are limited
U.S.C. 1524(b)]
to $50,000 in any one year.
Section 10606 of the 2002 farm bill established the
For NOCCSP, based on the stated formula, total funding
National Organic Certification Cost Share Program
over the 5-year period (FY2014-FY2018) would be about
(NOCCSP) to help producers and handlers of
$57.5 million.
organic products obtain certification. Provided $22
million in mandatory funding in FY2008 (available
until expended). [7 U.S.C. 6523]
Data and Information Collection


Market News. Section 10107 of the 2008 farm bill Reauthorizes program at $9 million subject to annual
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 10001]
authorized support for the collection and
appropriations through FY2018. [Sec. 10001]
dissemination of market news for specialty crops.
Authorized appropriations $9 million annual y
(FY2008-FY2013) to remain available until
expended. [7 U.S.C. 1622b(b)]
Organic Production and Market Data
Reauthorizes appropriations of $5 million through
Reauthorizes appropriations of $5 million through
Initiatives (ODI). Section 7407 of the 2002 farm
FY2018 (available until expended) and provides for funds
FY2018 (available until expended). [Sec. 10004(a)]
bill, as amended by the 2008 farm bill, required
to be available “annually thereafter.” Provides an
USDA to keep segregated data on organic
additional $5 million in mandatory CCC funds (to remain
production and marketing. Provided $5 million in
available until expended). Requires coordination of
mandatory CCC funding, plus authorized
USDA’s data user agencies. [Sec. 10005(a)]
appropriations of $5 million annually (FY2008-
FY2012), both available until expended. Specified
CRS-143


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Horticulture
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
that $3.5 million of available mandatory funds be
allocated to AMS. [7 U.S.C. 5925c]
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to collect data on the production and
Similar to Senate provision. [Sec. 10017]
marketing of locally or regionally produced agricultural
food products; facilitate interagency collaboration and
data sharing on programs related to local and regional
food systems; and monitor the effectiveness of programs
designed to expand or facilitate local food systems.
Requires USDA to submit a report to House and Senate
agriculture committees, within 1 year after enactment,
describing its progress and identifying any additional needs
related to developing local and regional food systems.
[Sec. 10004]
Food Safety and Quality Standards


Produce Safety Education. Section 10105 of the Reauthorizes to be appropriated $1 million annual y to
Also reauthorizes the program through 2018 at $1 million
2008 farm bill amended the Agricultural Research,
remain available until expended (FY2013- FY2018). [Sec.
annual y subject to annual appropriations. Adds
Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (P.L.
10006]
“farmworkers” as part of the target audience for the
105-185) to implement a program to educate fresh
education initiatives and lists “practices that prevent
produce industry personnel and consumers on
bacterial contamination of food, how to identify source of
ways to reduce pathogens in fresh produce.
food contamination, and other means of decreasing food
Authorized appropriations of $1 million annually to
contamination” as part of the safe food handling practices
remain available until expended [7 U.S.C.
addressed by USDA within the program. [Sec. 10006]
7655a(c)]
No comparable provision.
Within 180 days after enactment, requires USDA to
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 10009]
submit to the Food and Drug Administration a report
that describes an appropriate federal standard for the
identity of honey, and shal consider the March 2006
Standard of Identity citizens petition filed with FDA. [Sec.
10010]

Plant Pest and Disease Management


Pest and Disease Control. Sections 10201 and
Repeals program under Section 10202 of the 2008 farm
Similar to the Senate bill, except that the House bill
10202 of the 2008 farm bill amended the Plant
bill and authorizes a consolidated plant pest and disease
provides mandatory funding of $5 million for FY2013,
Protection Act (PPA) to authorize an early plant
management and disaster prevention program, named the
$62.5 million annual y (FY2014-FY2017), and $75 million
pest detection and surveillance system and threat
“National Clean Plant Network”. Consolidates and
for FY2018. Of the available funds, requires at least $5
CRS-144


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Horticulture
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
identification/mitigation, among other activities, and
increases available mandatory funding levels: $60 million
million annually for the Clean Plant Network. [Sec.
a National Clean Plant Network where the
annual y (FY2014-FY2017) and $65 million for FY2018
10011]
specialty crop industry can obtain pest- and disease-
and each fiscal year thereafter. [Sec. 10007]
free planting stock. Provided mandatory CCC funds
reaching $50 million in FY2012 (with provisions for
annual funding of $50 million annually thereafter),
plus another $5 million in FY2008 (available until
expended). [7 U.S.C. 7721]
See also Title VII (Research) for reauthorization of
See Title VII, Research. [Sec. 7307] and [Sec. 7308]
See Title VII, Research. [Sec. 7310]
the Office of Pest Management Policy and other
pest management policies [7 U.S.C. 7653]
Exemptions from Certain Regulatory Requirements
Biological Opinions. Under the Endangered
No comparable provision.
Creates an exception for amending pesticide registrations
Species Act (ESA), federal agencies (such as EPA)
from ESA requirements for consultation, when a BiOp
are required to avoid jeopardy to listed species and

was issued before a certain date. The exception would
adverse modification of designated critical habitat in
require BiOps to comply with recommendations by a
their actions. They consult with the Fish and

study to be conducted by the National Academy of
Wildlife Service (FWS) or the National Marine

Sciences. Explicitly applies to BiOps completed prior to
Fisheries Service (NMFS), which issue Biological
the date of completion of the study yet allows
Opinions (BiOps) on jeopardy. If a BiOp finds a

amendment of the pesticide registration only if that BiOp
pesticide, or a specific use of it, would jeopardize a

complies with the recommendations of the forthcoming
listed species, EPA would violate ESA if it allowed
study. [Sec. 10012]
that pesticide or specific use. EPA restricts specific
uses through labeling requirements. [16 U.S.C.
1536]

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
No comparable provision.
Amends FIFRA so that “seed, including treated seed, shall
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) [7 U.S.C.136-136y]
not be considered a pesticide or device.” [Sec. 10014]
and Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
(FFDCA) [21 U.S.C. §346a)]
are among the
Requires EPA, in conjunction with USDA, to submit a
major statutory authorities governing pesticide
report on the potential economic and public health effects
regulation.
of finalizing a proposed order (published on January 19,
2011) pertaining to the pesticide sulfuryl flouride. [Sec.
10016]

Discharge Permits. In October 2011, EPA issued
No comparable provision.
Use and Discharges of Authorized Pesticides.
a Pesticide General Permit (PGP) requiring a Clean
Amends FIFRA and the CWA to provide that neither EPA
CRS-145


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Horticulture
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Water Act (CWA) discharge permit for certain
nor a state may require a CWA permit for discharge of a
pesticide applications in or near waters of the
pesticide whose use has been authorized pursuant to
United States. EPA and states are implementing this
FIFRA. Defines specified circumstances where a permit
permit requirement. Pertains to section 402 of
would be required (e.g., municipal or industrial treatment
CWA [33 U.S.C. 1342]
works effluent that contains pesticide or pesticide
residue). [Sec. 10013]
Enforcement of Labor Law Provisions


The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938
No comparable provision.
Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to consult with the
prohibits the shipment in interstate commerce of
Secretary of Labor regarding restraints imposed by the
goods that are produced in violation of the act’s
Department of Labor on the shipment of agricultural
minimum wage, overtime, or child labor standards.
commodities for actual or alleged violations of labor law
in order to consider the perishable nature of such
commodities, the economic impact on farming operations
of imposing such restraints, and the competitiveness of
specialty crops through grants to states under Section
101 of the Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004
[Sec. 10008]
Invasive Species


Federal invasive species actions are governed by
No comparable provision.
Requires an annual report by the Secretary of Agriculture
multiple statutes; responsible agencies are in the
on each invasive species in the U.S., not limited to
U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Homeland
agricultural pests. [Sec. 10018]
Security, Defense, Interior, State and others.
Coordination is through the National Invasive
Species Council (NISC) under E.O.13112. USDA’s
APHIS and NRCS focus on agricultural pests.
Research (Title VII) – Related Issues


See also Title VII (Research) for reauthorization of
See Title VII, Research.
See Title VII, Research.
the Specialty Crop Research Initiative (SCRI) [7
U.S.C. 7632]
,
the Organic Agriculture Research

and Extension Initiative (OREI) [7 U.S.C. 5925b],
the Organic Transitions Program (ORG) [7 U.S.C.
7626]
, and certain pest management activities [7
U.S.C. 7653]

CRS-146


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Horticulture
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Nutrition (Title IV) – Related Issues


See also Title IV (Nutrition) for reauthorization of
See Title IV, Nutrition.
See Title IV, Nutrition.
Section 32 funding to purchase fruits, vegetables,
and certain other specialty food crops [7 U.S.C.
612c-4]
and grants to achieve “hunger-free
communities", among others [7 U.S.C. 7517]
CRS-147



Title XI. Crop Insurance
House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Crop Insurance
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
New or Revised Insurance Products


Permanently authorized by the Federal Crop
Retains current program and makes available to crop
SCO provision is similar to the Senate bill. Coverage is
Insurance Act, the federal crop insurance program
producers an additional policy called Supplemental
triggered only if the area loss exceeds 10% and policy
makes available subsidized crop insurance to
Coverage Option (SCO) to cover part of the deductible
coverage does not exceed the difference between 90%
producers who purchase a policy to protect against
under the producer’s underlying policy. SCO is an area-
and the coverage level selected by the producer for the
individual farm losses in yield, crop revenue, or
wide (e.g., county) yield or revenue loss policy, whereby
underlying policy. Also, acres covered by Revenue Loss
whole farm revenue. In general, policies offer a
an indemnity is paid on area losses not more than the
Coverage (RLC) or STAX (see below) are not eligible for
guarantee at the individual farm level or area-wide
deductible level (e.g., 25%) selected by the producer for
SCO. [Sec. 11003]
(e.g., county) level. The producer selects coverage
the underlying individual policy. On the SCO policy, the
level and absorbs the initial loss through the
farmer incurs a deductible equal to 10% of the producer’s

deductible. The insurance guarantee is based on the expected crop value. If the farmer participates in ARC

expected market price (i.e., no statutory minimum
under Title I, the deductible is 22%. SCO policies are to
prices as in some farm programs).
be made available for all crops if sufficient data are

available. Premium subsidized at 65%. Coverage to begin

no later than the 2014 crop year. [Sec. 11001] A crop
margin coverage option is available as a single policy or in

combination with a yield or revenue loss policy. [Sec.
11002]

Crop insurance policies are available for more than
Beginning with the 2014 crop, the FCIC shal make
STAX provision is same as in Senate bill. [Sec. 11016]
100 crops, including farm program crops such as
available to producers of upland cotton the Stacked
wheat, corn, soybeans, cotton, peanuts, and rice, as
Income Protection Plan (STAX), which is a revenue-

well as many specialty crops, fruit trees, pasture,
based, area-wide policy that may be purchased as a stand-

rangeland, and forage crops. Area-wide policies are
alone policy or purchased in addition to any other
available for some but not al program crops.
individual or area policy. Indemnifies losses in county

Policies are sold and serviced through private
revenue of greater than 10% of expected revenue but not

insurance companies. The insurance companies'
more than the deductible level (e.g., 25%) selected by the
losses are reinsured by USDA, and their
producer for the underlying individual policy (or not
administrative and operating costs are reimbursed
more than 30% if used as stand-alone policy). Premium
by the federal government. Crop insurance is
subsidy is 80%. For individual producers, indemnities for
administered by the U.S. Department of
STAX and other policies cannot overlap. Includes a
Agriculture’s (USDA's) Risk Management Agency
provision that allows use of recent yields in the guarantee.
(RMA), which operates and manages the Federal
A factor of not more than 120% is available to increase
Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC) [7 U.S.C.
protection per acre [Sec. 11013]
1501 et seq.]

CRS-148


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Crop Insurance
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)

Beginning with the 2014 crop, the FCIC shal make
By crop year 2014, FCIC is required to make available a
available a revenue crop insurance program for peanuts
revenue policy for peanut producers [Sec. 11010 and
based on a price equal to the Rotterdam price index for
Sec. 11017] as in Senate bill and a margin coverage policy
peanuts, as adjusted to reflect the farmer stock price of
for rice producers. [Sec. 11010]
peanuts in the United States. [Sec. 11014]

Requires FCIC to improve coverage for organic
By 2015, requires FCIC to offer price elections for al
Extends 2008 farm bill provision to improve organic crop
crops. [U.S.C. 1522(c)(10)]
organic crops that reflect prices of organic (not
insurance. [Sec. 11021]
conventional) crops. FCIC must submit an annual report
to Congress on crop insurance for organic crops. [Sec.
11027]

FCIC shal not conduct any pilot program that
FCIC may conduct a pilot program to provide financial
No comparable provision.
provides insurance protection against a risk if a
assistance for producers of underserved crops and
policy is generally available from private companies.
livestock (including specialty crops) to purchase an index-
[7 U.S.C. 1523(a)]
based weather insurance product from a qualified private
insurance company. The subsidy shall not exceed 60% of
the estimated premium amount. Unlike FCIC policies, the
private insurance companies would maintain exclusive
rights to rate and manage the policies. Provides
mandatory funds of $10 million per year for FY2014
through FY2018. [Sec. 11030]
Policy Fees and Premiums


Catastrophic yield policies (CAT) are available for
To reduce government costs, the CAT premium (fully
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 11004]
yield losses greater than 50%. Premium is fully
paid by government) shal be reduced by the percentage
subsidized, and producer pays an administrative fee
equal to the difference between the average loss ratio
of $300 per crop per county. [7 U.S.C.
(premiums divided by indemnities times 100) for the crop
1508(d)(2)]
and 100%, plus a reasonable reserve. [Sec. 11003]
Administrative fee on CAT policy is waived for
Fee is also waived for beginning farmers or ranchers.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 11015]
limited resources farmers. [7 U.S.C.
[Sec. 11032]
1508(b)(5)(E)]
Premium subsidies for buy-up coverage (above
Beginning farmers or ranchers shal receive premium
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 11015]
CAT) depend on level of coverage. [7 U.S.C.
assistance that is 10 percentage points greater than
1508(e)]
provided to others. Other provisions are also designed to
assist beginning farmers and ranchers. [Sec. 11032]
CRS-149


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Crop Insurance
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
No comparable provision.
Establishes an adjusted gross income (AGI) limit on crop
No comparable provision.
insurance subsidies. Beginning with the 2014 reinsurance
year (2014 crop year), crop insurance premium subsidies
are reduced by 15 percentage points for producers with
average AGI greater than $750,000. Reduction in effect
only after USDA, in consultation with the Government
Accountability Office, determines that the change does
not (1) significantly increase premiums for producers at
lower income levels, (2) reduce crop insurance coverage
availability, or (3) increase total cost of the crop insurance
program. [Sec. 11033]
FCIC may provide a performance-based premium No change from current law.
Repeals provision. [Sec. 11005]
discount for a producer of an agricultural
commodity who has good insurance or production
experience relative to other producers in the same
area. [7 U.S.C. 1508(d)]
Enterprise Units and Coverage


Crops are insured based on geographic units
The subsidy for enterprise and whole farm units is made
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 11006]
defined in the insurance policy. The basic unit
permanent (previously a pilot basis). [Sec. 11004]
covers land in one county with the same

tenant/landlord. An optional unit is a basic unit
Beginning with the 2014 crop year, separate enterprise
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 11007] Also, beginning
divided into smaller units by township section. An
units will be available for irrigated and nonirrigated
with the 2015 crop year, a producer who grows a crop
enterprise unit covers all land of a single crop in a
acreages of crops. [Sec. 11005]
on both dry land and irrigated land may elect a different
county for a producer, regardless of tenant/landlord
coverage level for each production practice. [Sec. 11014]
structure. A whole farm unit covers more than one
crop. For a policy with an enterprise or whole farm
unit paragraph, on a pilot basis, the percentage of
the premium paid by the government shall provide
the same dol ar amount of premium subsidy per
acre as for other units, up to 80%. [7 U.S.C.
1508(e)(5)]

Data Collection for Yield Guarantees; Yield Adjustments

FCIC bases policy guarantees on a producer’s
Specifically directs FCIC to use county data collected by
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 11008]
actual production history (APH) for the crop, or on USDA’s Risk Management Agency and/or National
CRS-150


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Crop Insurance
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
county yields for area-wide policies. The APH is
Agricultural Statistics Service. If such data are not
based on producer yields for the prior 4 to 10
available, it may use other data considered appropriate by
years. [7 U.S.C. 1508(g)(2)]
the Secretary of Agriculture. [Sec. 11006]

If, for one or more of the crop years used to
Beginning with the 2014 crop year, the yield plug is
For all crop years, the yield plug is increased to 70% of
establish the producer’s actual production history
increased to 65% of the applicable transitional yield. [Sec.
the applicable transitional yield. [Sec. 11009]
of an agricultural commodity, the producer's
11007]
recorded or appraised yield of the commodity was
less than 60% of the applicable transitional yield
(based on 10-year historical county average yield),
FCIC shall either exclude any of such recorded or
appraised yield or replace each excluded yield with
a yield equal to 60% of the applicable transitional
yield. Concept is known as a “yield plug.” [7 U.S.C.
1508(g)(4)(B)]

Policy Research Development, Review, and Approval

Under sections 522 and 523 of the Federal Crop
Al ows FCIC to conduct research and development
Same as Senate bill except crop list adds rice, peanuts,
Insurance Act, FCIC may enter into contracts to
activities to maintain or improve existing policies or
alfalfa, and pennycress, and excludes dedicated energy
carry out research and development for new crop
develop new policies. Highest research priorities become
crops. [Sec. 11020] Authorizes FCIC to enter into
insurance policies (but may not conduct research
policies that increase participation by producers of
partnerships with public and private entities for the
itself). FCIC shall establish as one of the highest
underserved agricultural commodities, including sweet
purpose of increasing the availability of loss mitigation,
research priorities the development of a pasture,
sorghum, sorghum for biomass, specialty crops,
financial, and other risk management tools or improving
range, and forage program. It shall provide a
sugarcane, and dedicated energy crops. [Sec. 11028]
analysis tools and technology regarding compliance. [Sec.
payment to an applicant for research and
11022]
development costs. FCIC may approve up to 50%
of the projected total research and development
costs to be paid in advance to an applicant. [7
U.S.C. 1522]


FCIC shall review any policy developed under section
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 11010]
522(c)or any pilot program developed under section 523
and submit the policy or program to the Board if it finds
that the policy or program will likely result in a viable and
marketable policy and would provide coverage in a
significantly improved form. [Sec. 11008]
CRS-151


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Crop Insurance
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)

For cost reimbursement, the 50% limitation may be
Up to 75% of the projected cost may be paid in advance.
waived and, upon request of the submitter, an additional
[Sec. 11010]
25% advance payment may be made. [Sec. 11018]

FCIC is required to contract for studies on the feasibility
Similar to the Senate bill; excludes study on insurance for
of insuring (1) specialty crop producers for food safety
seafood harvesters. [Sec. 11021]
and contamination-related losses [Sec. 11020], (2) swine
producers for a catastrophic disease event [Sec. 11021],
(3) producers of fresh-water catfish against reduction in
the margin between the market value of catfish and
selected production costs (the FCIC Board shall review
this policy and approve it under certain conditions) [Sec.
11022]
, (4) commercial poultry production against
business disruptions caused by integrator bankruptcy and
poultry producers for a catastrophic event [Sec. 11023],
(5) seafood harvesters [Sec. 11023], and producers of
biomass sorghum or sweet sorghum grown as feedstock
for renewable energy [Sec. 11025], and (6) alfalfa
producers. [11026]
FCIC shal include independent reviews as part of
No comparable provision.
Any modification to be made in the terms or conditions
the consideration of any policy or plan or insurance
of any policy or plan of insurance shall not take effect
(or modification of such a policy). [7 U.S.C.
unless the Secretary publishes the modification in the
1505(e)]
Federal Register and on the website of FCIC and provides
for a subsequent period of public comment not later than
60 days before June 30 during the preceding crop year for
fall-planted crops and not later than 60 days before
November 30 during the preceding crop year for spring-
planted crops. The Secretary may waive this requirement
if an emergency situation is declared by the Secretary
upon notice to Congress. [Sec. 11025]
Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR) and AGR-Lite
FCIC is to conduct activities or enter into contracts to
Identical to the Senate bill, except maximum liability is
policies insure revenue of the entire farm rather
develop a whole farm risk management insurance plan
$1.25 million. [Sec. 11021]
than an individual crop. Both use a producer's five-
(with liability up to $1.5 million) that pays an indemnity if
year historical farm average revenue as reported on gross farm revenue is below 85% (compared with 80%
the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax return form
currently). Coverage may include value of packing,
(Schedule F or equivalent forms). Coverage levels
packaging or other on-farm activities. FCIC may provide
range from 65% to 80% of historical revenue. [7
diversification-based discounts for producers with
CRS-152


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Crop Insurance
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
U.S.C. 1523]
diversified operations. FCIC is to submit a report to
Congress on the feasibility of additional coverage,
including an analysis of potential market distortions. [Sec.
11019]

A private sector entity can propose an insurance
For private sector submissions, directs FCIC to establish
No comparable provision.
plan to be added to the FCIC portfolio of products.
priorities for specific types of submissions. [Section
A process must be established to review and
11009] As part of the submission process, the applicant
approve products. [7 U.S.C. 1508(h)]
must consult with producer groups potential y affected.
[Sec. 11010]
FCIC may conduct a pilot program approved by the Eliminates the requirement that FCIC evaluate pilot
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 11023]
Board to evaluate whether a proposal or new risk
programs and submit a report to Congress. [Sec. 11029]
management tool is suitable for the marketplace
and addresses the needs of producers. [7 U.S.C.
1523(a)]

Crop Production on Native Sod and Conservation Compliance

Subject to a geographic condition below, native sod
Nationwide, for native sod during the first four years of
Same as Senate bill, except provision only applies to the
planted to an insurable crop (over 5 acres) is
planting, crop insurance premium subsidies are 50
Prairie Pothole National Priority Area. [Sec. 11013]
ineligible for crop insurance and the noninsured
percentage points less than under current schedule and
crop disaster assistance program for the first 5
yield guarantees are affected. Also, no benefits are
years of planting. May apply to virgin prairie
available under NAP or general commodity programs.
converted to cropland only in the Prairie Pothole
Requires annual report on the change in cropland areas
National Priority Area, if elected by the state. [7
and the number of acres of native sod converted to
U.S.C. 1508(o)]
cropland in each county and state. [Sec. 11035]

See “itle II: Conservation” for a provision that establishes No comparable provision.
a prerequisite that a producer must be in compliance with
conservation requirements and wetland requirements in
order to receive crop insurance premium subsidies. [Sec.
2609]

Standard Reinsurance Agreement and Risk-Sharing

The Standard Reinsurance Agreement (SRA)
Any savings generated from a renegotiated SRA must be
Same as Senate bill [Sec. 11012]. Also directs FCIC to
between FCIC and private companies defines
used for programs administered by the Risk Management
make an additional annual expense reimbursement of $41
expense reimbursements and risk-sharing by the
Agency. [Sec. 11011]
million (for reinsurance years 2011 through 2015) to
government, including the terms under which the
insurance companies selling polices for crops not eligible
government provides subsidies and reinsurance

for benefit under Title I (i.e., specialty crops). [Sec.
CRS-153


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Crop Insurance
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
(i.e., insurance for insurance companies) on eligible

11011]
crop insurance contracts sold or reinsured by
insurance companies. FCIC may renegotiate the


SRA once every 5 years. [7 U.S.C. 1508(k)]
Miscellaneous Crop Insurance Provisions


Under an insurance policy, if an agricultural
FCIC shall establish procedures to al ow insured

commodity does not meet established quality
producers not more than 120 days to settle claims
standards, actual production (used for determining
involving corn that is determined to have low test weight.
the indemnity) is reduced accordingly. [7 U.S.C.
Authority for this provision terminates 5 years after
1508(m)]
implementation of the provision. [Sec. 11012]
Inaccurate information on an insurance application
FCIC shall establish procedures that allow an agent and
Similar provision as in the Senate bill. [Sec. 11018]
can result in noncompliance, which voids the policy
approved insurance provider to correct information
and may disqualify the producer for up to 5 years.
regarding producer name and eligibility information that is
[7 U.S.C. 1515(c)]
provided by a producer for the purpose of obtaining
coverage. [Sec. 11015]
USDA, an approved insurance provider and its
No comparable provision.
If authorized by a producer, USDA’s Farm Service Agency
employees and contractors, and any other person
shall provide to an insurance agent or approved insurance
may not disclose to the public information
provider any information or maps that may assist the
furnished by a producer. [7 U.S.C. 1502(c)]
agent or provider insuring the producer. USDA shall
annual y publish the names of Members of Congress and
Cabinet Secretaries (and immediate families) who
purchase additional coverage (i.e., not a catastrophic
policy), the associated subsidy amount, and the federal
portion of indemnities paid in the event of a loss. Also,
for each private insurance provider, USDA shall disclose
the underwriting gains earned, and the amount paid for
administrative and operating expenses and any Federal
portion of indemnities and reinsurance. [Sec. 11001]
Adjustments to producer premiums are prohibited
No comparable provision.
To deter potential violators, FCIC is required to publish
as an inducement to purchase crop insurance, with
in detail (but without disclosing identities) any violations
few exceptions. [7 U.S.C. 1508(a)(9)]
of this provision, including sanctions imposed. [Sec.
11002]

CRS-154


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Crop Insurance
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
All information provided to the public by the
Requires FCIC and RMA to use plain language when
No comparable provision.
agency shal be in plain, understandable language. [5
issuing regulations and guidance related to plans and
U.S.C. 601 note relating to regulatory planning
polices of crop insurance, and to improve its website for
and review]
producers seeking information on crop insurance.
Requires a report to Congress describing the
Department’s efforts. [Sec. 11037]
USDA is to ensure that new hardware and
USDA shall develop and implement an acreage report
Identical to the Senate bill, except notification date is July
software for administering the program are
streamlining initiative project to allow producers to
1, 2015. [Sec. 11019]
compatible with that already used by USDA
report acreage and other information directly to USDA.
agencies in order to maximize data sharing needed
FCIC may use up to $25 million in fiscal 2014 and $10 to
for proper program delivery. [7 U.S.C. 1515(j)]
$15 million per year for FY2015 through FY2018 from
Funding is provided from the insurance fund: $15
the insurance fund. USDA shal notify Congress on the
mil ion for each of FY2008 through FY2010 and not
status of the project no later than July 1, 2013. [Sec.
more than $9 million in FY2011. [7 U.S.C. 1515(k]
11016]
FCIC may use up to $3.5 million of the insurance
Adds authority to use up to $5 million of the insurance
No comparable provision.
fund to pay for costs associated with implementing
fund to pay for costs associated with maintaining program
plans of insurance and for review of policies. [7
integrity and compliance activities. [Sec. 11017]
U.S.C. 1516(b)(2)]
The Secretary shall develop and implement a
Adds provision requiring the U.S. Government
No comparable provision.
coordinated plan for the Farm Service Agency to
Accountability Office to conduct a study regarding
assist FCIC in monitoring the crop insurance
fraudulent claims filed, and benefits provided under the
program. [7 U.S.C. 1515(d)]
crop insurance program. [Sec. 11038]
The Agricultural Management Assistance Program
Authorizes $23 million in mandatory CCC funding
Repeals the National Organic Certification Cost-Share
provides financial assistance to producers in 16
annual y (FY2014-FY2018) and combines the two
program. [Sec. 10004] Removes tree plantings and soil
specific states to mitigate risk through financial
programs to include (1) organic certification cost share
erosion control from the list of approved practices.
instruments, diversification, or resource
assistance (50% of funds); (2) activities to support risk
Permanently authorizes $10 million in annual mandatory
conservation practices. Provides $15 million in
management education and outreach under the Federal
funding with 30% to NRCS (conservation), 10% to AMS
annual mandatory funding in FY2008 through
Crop Insurance Act (26% of funds); and (3) agricultural
(organic certification), and 60% RMA (risk management).
FY2014, and $10 million each fiscal year thereafter.
management assistance grants to producers in states with
[Sec. 2506 in Title II—Conservation]
Requires 50% for conservation, 40% for risk
low federal crop insurance participation, for various
management, and 10% for organic certification. [7
conservation purposes (24% of funds). Per-person

U.S.C. 1524] Section 10606 of the 2002 farm bill
payments are limited to $50,000 in any one year. [Sec.
established a National Organic Certification Cost-
11034]
Share Program to help producers and handlers of
organic products obtain certification. Provided $22
CRS-155


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Crop Insurance
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
million in mandatory funding in FY2008 (available
until expended). [7 U.S.C. 6523]
No comparable provision.
Provides technical amendments. [Sec. 11036]
Provides technical amendments. [Sec. 11024]
Noninsured Crop Assistance Program for
See itle for a provision that enhances NAP and provides

crops not insurable. The Noninsured Crop
payments for fruit crop losses in 2012. [Sec. 12204]
Assistance Program (NAP) has permanent authority
See Title XII for a provision that enhances NAP [Sec.
under Section 196 of the Federal Agriculture
12306]
Improvement and Reform Act of 1996, and receives
such sums as necessary in mandatory funding.
Growers of crops not insurable under the crop
insurance program are eligible for NAP. [7 USC
7333]


CRS-156


Title XII. Miscellaneous
House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Miscellaneous
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Socially Disadvantaged Producers and Limited-Resource Producers

Outreach and Assistance for Socially
Expands program authority to include farmers and
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 12201]
Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers.
ranchers who are veterans. Provides $10 million per year
Outreach and Assistance for Socially Disadvantaged
in mandatory funding for FY2014-FY2018, and authorizes
Farmers and Ranchers was established by Sec. 2501
$20 million annual y, subject to annual appropriations for
of the 1990 farm bill. The program provides
FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 12001]
education and outreach to minority and limited-
resource farmers and ranchers. The 2008 farm bill
created an Office of Small Farms and Beginning
Farmers and Ranchers to ensure access to all
USDA programs for small, beginning, and socially
disadvantaged farmers and ranchers. Also requires
USDA to document the number, location, and
economic contributions of socially disadvantaged
and limited-resource farmers and ranchers.
Provides the program with $15 million in
mandatory funding for FY2009 and $20 million
annual y for FY2010-FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 2279(a)]
No comparable provision.
Socially Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 12203]
Policy Research Center. Amends Sec. 2501 of the
1990 farm bill (see above) to establish the “Socially
Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers Policy Research
Center” to develop policy recommendations for socially
and disadvantaged farmers and ranchers. The Secretary of
Agriculture shal establish the Center through a
competitive grant to an eligible 1890 Institution (defined
in 7 U.S.C. 7601). [Sec. 12002]
Office of Advocacy and Outreach. The Office
For the Office of Advocacy and Outreach, authorizes
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 12202]
of Advocacy and Outreach as authorized in the
such sums as necessary for FY2009 through FY2013, and
2008 farm bill carries out the Outreach and
$2 million annual y for FY2014-FY2018, subject to annual
Assistance for Socially Disadvantaged Farmers and
appropriations. [Sec. 12003]
Ranchers and Veteran Farmers and Ranchers, and
also oversees the Minority Farmer Advisory
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House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Miscellaneous
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Committee and carries out the functions of the
Office of Outreach and Diversity previously
handled by the Office of Assistant Secretary for
Civil Rights. Such sums as necessary are authorized
to be appropriated for each year FY2009-FY2012.
[7 U.S.C. 6934(f)(3)]
Transparency and Accountability for Socially
No comparable provision.
Receipt for Service or Denial of Service from
Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers.
Certain Department of Agriculture Agencies.
Ensures compilation and public disclosure of data to
Amends current law to require that USDA provide a
assess and hold USDA accountable for the
receipt for service or denial of service without requiring a
nondiscriminatory participation of socially
request for a receipt. [Sec. 12204]
disadvantaged farmers and ranchers in programs of
the Department. [7 U.S.C. 2279-1(e)]
Livestock

No comparable provision.
Wildlife Reservoir Zoonotic Disease Initiative.
No comparable provision.
Amends Title IV of the Agricultural Research, Extension,
and Education Reform Act of 1998. [7 U.S.C. 7621 et
seq.]
Establishes an initiative through competitive grants
for research and development of surveillance methods,
vaccinations, vaccination delivery systems, or diagnostic
tests. The targeted diseases are brucellosis, bovine
tuberculosis, and other high priority disease initiatives
conducted under Sec. 1672 of the Food, Agriculture,
Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 [7 U.S.C. 5925].
The research may be conducted by federal agencies,
national laboratories, universities, research institutes, and
state agricultural experiment stations. The grants are not
to exceed 10 years and require matching funds of at least
25% of the federal contribution. $7 million per year is
authorized to be appropriated FY2014-FY2018, and at
least 30% of appropriated funds must be spent on bovine
brucel osis and tuberculosis. [Sec. 12101]
Trichinae Certification Program. Sec. 11010 of Amends Sec. 11010 of the 2008 farm bill to establish an
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 12103]
the 2008 farm bill established a voluntary trichinae
alternative trichinae certification process that is based on
certification program. [7 U.S.C. §8304 note] The
surveillance or other methods consistent with
CRS-158


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Miscellaneous
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
program certifies compliance with best production
international standards for categorizing compartments as
practices and is designed to enhance swine and
having negligible risk for trichinae. Within one year of
pork producers’ ability to export fresh pork and
adopting an alternative certification process, the Secretary
pork products. Authorizes appropriation of $1.5
shall finalize the rule for the process. Reauthorizes
mil ion for Sec. 11010 and funds as necessary to
current level of $1.5 million each year through FY2018,
carry out Sec. 10405 of the Animal Health
subject to annual appropriations. [Sec. 12102]
Protection Act (AHPA) for FY2008 through
FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 8304(d)(1)]
National Aquatic Animal Health Plan. Sec.
Extends funding authority for the plan through FY2018.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 12104]
11013 of the 2008 farm bill authorized USDA,
[Sec. 12103]
under Sec. 10411 of the AHPA, [7 U.S.C. 8310] to
enter into cooperative agreements for the purpose
of detecting, controlling, or eradicating diseases of
aquaculture species and promoting species-specific
best management practices on a cost-share basis.
Secretary may use authorities from AHPA [7
U.S.C. 8301 et seq.]
to carry out the plan.
Authorizes such sums as necessary to be
appropriated in each fiscal year, FY2008-FY2013. [7
U.S.C. 8322]

National Sheep Industry Improvement
Sheep Production and Marketing Grant Program.
Repeals section 375 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
Center (NSIIC). NSIIC promotes the strategic
Establishes a competitive grant program through USDA’s
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2008j) which established the
development of the U.S. sheep and goat industry. It
Agricultural Marketing Service to improve the sheep
National Sheep Industry Improvement Center. [Sec.
provides financial assistance for the enhancement
industry, including infrastructure, business, resource
12101]
and marketing of sheep and goat products with an
development, or innovative approaches for long-term
emphasis on infrastructure development. NSIIC is
needs. $1.5 million in CCC mandatory funds for FY2014
funded through appropriations, as well as receipts
to be used and remain available until expended.
from products or services, fees and royalties from
licensing, proceeds from sales of assets, loan or
Amends the percentage of funds from 3% to 10% that
equity interest, and donations. [7 U.S.C. 2008(j)]
may be used for administration of the NSIIC, and
removes the authorization of appropriations. Re-

designates the NSIIC from the Consolidated Farm and
Rural Development Act [7 U.S.C. 2008(j)] to the
Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 [7 U.S.C. 1621 et
seq.]. [Sec. 12104]
No comparable provision.
Feral Swine Eradication Pilot Program. Establishes a No comparable provision.
pilot program to study the (1) nature and extent of
CRS-159


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Miscellaneous
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
damage caused by feral swine; (2) methods to eradicate
or control feral swine; and (3) methods to restore
damage caused by feral swine. USDA’s Natural Resources
Conservation Service and Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service are to coordinate on the program. The
program is to be administered on a cost-sharing basis
with the federal share not to exceed 75%. The non-
federal share may be in-kind contribution. $2 million per
year is authorized to be appropriated for FY2014-2018.
[Sec. 12105]
Animal Health Protection Act (AHPA). The
National Animal Health Laboratory Network.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 12106]
AHPA was authorized in the 2002 farm bill (P.L.
Amends the AHPA to establish a national animal health
107-171). It contains provisions to prevent, detect,
laboratory network to enhance the ability to respond to
control, and eradicate diseases and pests to protect bioterrorist threats, and to provide capability for
animal health. [7 U.S.C. 8301 et seq.]
standardized 1) test procedures, reference materials and
equipment, 2) lab biosafety and biosecurity levels, 3)
quality management requirements, 4) interconnected
reporting and transmission, and 5) evaluation of
emergency preparedness. The network is to develop and
enhance national veterinary diagnostic capabilities, with
emphasis on surveillance planning, vulnerability analysis
and technology development and validation. When
practicable, the Secretary shall give priority to facilities of
federal, state, and institutions of higher learning.
Authorizes appropriations of $15 million per year for
FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 12106]
National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP).
Requires that USDA continue to administer the avian
Requires that USDA continue to administer the
NPIP was established in the early 1930s to provide
influenza (AI) surveillance of commercial poultry through
diagnostic surveillance program for H5/H7 low
a cooperative industry, state, and federal program
the NPIP, and meet any relevant standards established by
pathogenic avian influenza [9 C.F.R. 146.14] without
for developing new diagnostic technology to
the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). [Sec.
amending regulations on the governance of the General
improve poultry and poultry products throughout
12107].
Conference Committee [9 C.F.R. 147.43] as to physical
the country. NPIP is managed through a
location of the Committee and the organizational
memorandum of understanding between USDA’s
structure within USDA. The Secretary is to maintain
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)
funding for NPIP at the FY2013 level. [Sec. 12108]
and official state agencies. APHIS publishes NPIP
regulations in 9 C.F.R. 145, 146, and 147.
CRS-160


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Miscellaneous
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Country-of-Origin Labeling (COOL). The
No comparable provision.
Requires that USDA conduct an economic analysis of
2002 and 2008 farm bills established mandatory
USDA’s March 12, 2013 proposed COOL rule [78 Federal
COOL for fruits and vegetables, red meats,
Register 15645] no later than 180 days after enactment of
chicken, seafood, peanuts, pecans, macadamia nuts,
the farm bill. The analysis shall include, with respect to
and ginseng. In response to Canada’s and Mexico’s
beef, pork, and chicken, the impact on consumers,
World Trade Organization (WTO) challenge of
producers, and packers of the COOL law and the above
COOL, the WTO found that parts of COOL
proposed rule. [Sec. 12105]
violate WTO rules. USDA finalized a rule [78
Federal Register 31367]
on May 24, 2013 to address
the WTO findings. [7 U.S.C. 1638 et seq.]
Sections 11005 and 11006 of the 2008 farm bill
No comparable provision.
Repeal of Certain Regulations Under the Packers
(P.L. 110-246) addressed livestock and poultry
and Stockyard Act, 1921. Repeals the definition of
marketing practices by amending the Packers and
additional capital investment [9 C.F.R. 201.2(n)] that was
Stockyards Act, and requiring USDA to issue
implemented in February 2012, and halts USDA from
regulations implementing the changes. The Grain
finalizing or implementing other provisions from the
Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration
GIPSA rule, or from issuing or adopting similar rules.[Sec.
(GIPSA) issued a proposed rule, “Implementation of
12102]
Regulations Required Under Title XI of the Food,
Conservation and Energy Act of 2008; Conduct in
Violation of the Act” (75 Fed. Reg. 35338) in June
2010 and finalized parts of the rule (76 Fed. Reg.
76874) in December 2011. The final regulations
address the applicability to live poultry, the
suspension of the delivery of birds, additional
capital investments, remedying a breach of contract,
and arbitration. [7 U.S.C. 181 et seq.]
Section 11016 of the 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246]
No comparable provision.
Repeal of Catfish Inspection and Grading Program
made catfish an amenable species under the Federal
at USDA. Repeals the provisions of Section 11016 of
Meat Inspection Act [21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.] and
the 2008 farm bill. [Sec. 12107]
subject to inspection by USDA instead of FDA, and
amended the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 [7
U.S.C. 1622 et seq.]
to establish a voluntary fee
based grading program for catfish.

CRS-161


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Miscellaneous
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Report on Bovine Tuberculosis in Texas. Requires
USDA to submit a report to the House and Senate
Agriculture Committees on the incidence of bovine
tuberculosis in Texas from January 1, 1997 to December
31, 2013. The report is to be submitted no later than
December 31, 2014. [Sec. 12109]
The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [21
No comparable provision.
Economic Fraud in Wild and Farm-Raised
U.S.C. 301 et seq.] gives FDA authority to
Seafood. Requires USDA to report on the economic
regulate the safety and wholesomeness of food,
implications for consumers, fishermen, and aquaculturists
including misbranding/mislabeling.
of fraud and mislabeling of wild and farm-raised seafood
no later than 180 days after enactment of the farm bill.
The report shall include analysis of imported seafood that
is misrepresented as domestic product, country-of-origin
labeling, seafood traceability, and inadequate use of
technology to address seafood safety and fraud. [Sec.
12110]

Other Miscellaneous Provisions


No comparable provision.
Military Veterans Agricultural Liaison. Amends
Similar to Senate bill, except it does not include a section
Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture
on contracts and cooperative agreements. [Sec. 12304]
Reorganization Act of 1994 [7 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.] by
establishing in USDA a position of Military Veterans
Agricultural Liaison to provide information to returning
veterans on beginning farmer training, agricultural
vocational and rehabilitation programs. Liaison would
provide information on availability and eligibility for
participation, serve as a resource, and advocate on behalf
of veterans within USDA. To carry out this provision, the
liaison may enter into contracts or cooperative
agreements with research centers of the Agricultural
Research Service, institutes of higher education, and
nonprofit organizations to conduct research on smal
farms, develop educational materials, and conduct
workshops, training, mentoring activities, and provide
internships. [Sec. 12201]
CRS-162


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Miscellaneous
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Information Gathering. USDA may not disclose
Adds language to clarify and strengthen the conditions
Adds a separate, new provision that prohibits data
information about an agricultural operation, farming necessary to release data about farms to state and local
disclosure. Similar to the current law provision, but does
or conservation practice, or land that was provided
government agencies. Such state and other government
not appear to allow data sharing with other agencies to
by the producer or landowner in order to qualify
agencies would need to prove that the data are “required
provide technical assistance, for example. Disclosure is
for a USDA program, or the geospatial information
for implementing” the state program. Moreover, the data
allowed if information is required to be publically available
maintained by USDA about the agricultural land or
may only be used by the state agency, political subdivision, by Federal law, is disclosed to the Attorney General for
operations mentioned above. Exceptions are
or local agency; and the data would be protected from
compliance and law enforcement, or if the producer has
provided for the limited release of data to federal,
subsequent disclosure by the state or agency. [Sec.
lawfully disclosed or consents to the disclosure. Requires
state, local or tribal agencies working in
12202]
prompt notification of disclosure to the Agriculture
cooperation with USDA when providing technical
committees. House provisions are in Title I. [Sec. 1613]
or financial assistance for the above land or when
responding to pest and disease threats. However,
USDA must determine that the data will not be
subsequently disclosed. The prohibition on data
disclosure does not affect the release of payment
information that is otherwise authorized or data
that are released in an aggregate, personally
unidentifiable form. [7 U.S.C. 8791; also known as
Section 1619 of the 2008 farm bill]

Grants to Improve Supply, Stability, Safety,
Extends the grant program with $10 million per year
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 12301]
and Training of Agricultural Labor Force.
authorized to be appropriated for FY2014-FY2018. [Sec.
Provides grants to train farm workers in new
12203]
technologies and workers with specialized skills for
higher value crops. Authorized funds to be
appropriated as necessary for FY2008-FY2012. [7
U.S.C. 2008q-1(d)]

Noninsured Crop Assistance Program. The
Reauthorizes through FY2018, and makes available
Similar to the Senate bill except as indicated below. [Sec.
Noninsured Crop Assistance Program (NAP) has
additional coverage for NAP at 50% to 65% of established
12306]
permanent authority under Section 196 of the
yield and 100% of average market price. Premium for
Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act
additional coverage is 5.25% times the product of the

of 1996, and receives such sums as necessary in
selected coverage level and value of production (acreage

mandatory funding. Growers of crops not insurable
times yield times average market price). The premium for
under the crop insurance program are eligible for
additional coverage is reduced by 50% for limited

NAP. A payment is made to an eligible producer
resource, beginning, and socially disadvantaged farmers.

whose actual production is less than 50% of the
established (historical) yield for the crop. The
For producers with fruit crop losses in 2012, payments
No comparable provision.
associated with additional coverage are made
CRS-163


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Miscellaneous
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
payment rate is 55% of the average market price.
retroactively (minus premium fees) in counties declared a

Producers pay a fee of $250 per crop per county,
disaster due to freeze or frost.
or $750 per producer per county, not to exceed

$1,875 per producer. [7 USC 7333]
Eliminates NAP for crops/grasses used for grazing (to
reduce overlap with livestock disaster programs in Title
No comparable provision.
I—Commodity Programs), ferns, and tropical fish.

Increases base NAP fee to $260 per crop per county, or
No comparable provision.
$780 per producer per county, not to exceed $1,950 per
producer. [Sec. 12204]

Noninsured Crop Assistance Program. See
Bioenergy Coverage in Noninsured Crop
No comparable provision.
description above.
Assistance Program. Amends the 1996 farm bill (7
U.S.C. 7333) to add crops grown for feedstock for
renewable biofuel, renewable electricity, or biobased
products. [Sec. 12205]
Regional Economic and Infrastructure
Extends the authorization of appropriations through
Identical to Senate bill. House provisions are in the Rural
Development. The 2008 farm bill (Section 14217) FY2018. Al ows the cap on administrative expenses for
Development title. [Sec. 6208].
established three new regional development
any Commission to exceed 10% should the Commission
authorities: a Northern Border Regional
receive an annual appropriation of less than $10 million.
Commission, a Southeast Crescent Regional
[Sec. 12206]
Commission, and a Southwest Border Regional
Commission. These commissions develop a regional
development plan and then make infrastructure
loans and grants to eligible entities in their
respective regions. [40 U.S.C. 15101 et seq.]
Authorizes annual appropriations of $30 million to
each of the Commissions. Not more than 10% of
appropriated funds to any Commission can be used
for administrative expenses. [40 U.S.C. 15751(b)]
No comparable provision.
Office of Tribal Relations. Amends Title III of the
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 12303]
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7
U.S.C. 3125a note) to establish an Office of Tribal
Relations within the Office of the Secretary of
Agriculture. The Office of Tribal Relations will coordinate
the Department’s activities with Native American tribes.
[Sec. 12207]
CRS-164


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Miscellaneous
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
No comparable provision.
Acer Access and Development Program.
Nearly identical to the Senate bill, except that the House
Authorizes grants to state and tribal governments to
authorizes appropriations of $20 million each year for the
promote the domestic maple syrup industry. The grants
program through FY2018. [Sec. 12309]
are to promote research and education, resource
sustainability, and marketing, and to encourage owners of
private lands with species of trees in the genus Acer to
initiate or expand maple sugaring activities. The provision
defines maple sugaring as the col ection of sap from any
species of trees in the genus Acer for the purpose of
boiling to produce food. USDA is to promulgate
regulations to carry out the provision; $20 million per
year is authorized to be appropriated for FY2014 and
FY2015. [Sec. 12208]
Animal Fighting Venture Prohibition. The
Amends the Animal Welfare Act to prohibit knowingly
Similar to the Senate bill in that it prohibits knowingly
Animal Welfare Act prohibits and provides
attending an animal fighting venture or causing a minor to
attending or causing a minor to attend an animal fighting
penalties for sponsoring or exhibiting an animal in
attend such a venture. Confirms that penalties for
venture, but does not include penalty provisions. [Sec.
an animal fighting venture. [7 U.S.C 2156]
violations are prescribed and enforced under 18 U.S.C.
12311]
Penalties are prescribed and enforced by 18 U.S.C.
49. Sets the penalty for each violation for attending an
49.
animal fighting venture at a fine and/or not more than one
year in prison; penalty for causing a minor to attend set at
a fine and/or not more than three years in prison. [Sec.
12209]

Cotton Trust Fund. Section 407 of the Tax
Pima Cotton Trust Fund. Establishes a trust fund in
No comparable provision.
Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-432;
the Treasury of the United States that consists of
120 Stat. 3060) established a Cotton Trust Fund to
amounts that are authorized to be appropriated as
bolster the competitiveness of U.S.-based cotton
necessary to carry out the section. Authorization of
shirt manufacturers. Tariff revenue from imports of
appropriations is for each year FY2014-FY2019. The
certain products that entered under chapter 52
Secretary may make payments to nationally recognized
(Cotton) of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule funded
associations that promote pima cotton use, yarn spinners
this Trust Fund. Funding was used to provide duty
who produced ring spun cotton from January 1, 1998 to
refunds to domestic manufacturers that continue to December 21, 2003, and manufacturers who cut and sew
make shirts in the United States, cotton growers,
cotton shirts and used imported cotton fabric from
and yarn suppliers. This authority expired
January 1, 1998 through July 1, 2003. Payments to
September 30, 2008.
spinners and manufacturers are based on a production
ratio and must be certified through affidavit. [Sec. 12210]
CRS-165


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Miscellaneous
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Wool Apparel Manufacturers Trust Fund.
Agriculture Wool Apparel Manufacturers Trust
No comparable provision.
Section 4002(c) of the Miscellaneous Trade and
Fund. Establishes a complementary trust fund in the
Technical Corrections Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-429;
Treasury of the United States that consists of amounts
118 Stat. 2602-2604) authorized the Wool Apparel
that are authorized to be appropriated as necessary to
Manufacturers Trust Fund. This Trust Fund is
carry out the section. Authorization of appropriations is
funded by the U.S. Treasury from duties imposed
for each year FY2014-FY2019. The Secretary may make
on articles imported under chapter 51 (Wool) of
payments to eligible manufacturers under paragraphs (3)
the Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS). The Trust
and (6) of section 4002(c) of the Wool Suit and Textile
Fund pays out limited refunds to importers of
Trade Extension Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-429), as amended.
worsted wool fabrics, wool yarn, wool fiber and
Payments are to be made to eligible manufacturers for
wool top. Refunds are based on a formula that
2010-2013 no later than 30 days after funds are
calculates each company’s share of the relevant
transferred to the trust fund. For 2014-2019, payments
wool market in 1999, 2000, and 2001. The U.S.
are to be made no later than April 15 of the year of
Customs and Border Protection Agency is
payment, [Sec. 12211]
responsible for distributing the refunds to eligible
wool manufacturers. Separately, this Trust Fund is
used to provide grants, administered by the
International Trade Administration, to
manufacturers of worsted wool fabrics (HTS
9902.51.11 and 9902.51.12). Section 325 of the
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (P.L.
110-343) extended this Trust Fund through April
15, 2015. [7 U.S.C. 7101 note]
No comparable provision.
Citrus Disease Research and Development Trust
No comparable provision.
Fund. Establishes a trust fund in the Treasury of the
United States that consists of amounts that are
authorized to be appropriated as necessary to carry out
the section. Authorization of appropriations is for each
year FY2014-FY2019. The Secretary may make payments
to entities engaged in 1) scientific research on diseases
and pests, 2) the dissemination and commercialization of
relevant information, techniques, or technology to solve
citrus production disease or pest problems, and 3) the
Citrus Disease Research and Development Trust Fund
Advisory Board, if established. The Citrus Advisory Board
would have five members from Florida, three from
Arizona or California, and one from Texas. The Secretary
CRS-166


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Miscellaneous
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
may prescribe rules and regulations as necessary, and not
more than 5% of the Citrus Trust Fund may be used for
the operations of the advisory board. The Secretary shall
give strong deference to funding research projects on the
proximity of citrus producers and the effects of such
diseases as huanglongbing (citrus greening). [Sec. 12212]
High Plains Water Study. Section 2901 of the
No comparable provision.
Extends provisions so that participants will not be denied
2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246) requires that
program benefits under the 2013 farm bill. [Sec. 12302]
agricultural producers who participate in a one-
time study of the Ogal ala aquifer recharge potential
in the High Plains of Texas not be denied program
benefits available under the 2008 farm bill. The
studies inform state and local water conservation
investments and policies to help manage the
Ogallala aquifer.
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Prohibition on Keeping GSA Leased Cars
Overnight.
Upon enactment, a federal employee of a
state office of USDA’s Farm Service Agency (FSA) in the
field and non-federal employees of FSA county and area
committees are prohibited from keeping leased vehicles
overnight unless the employee assigned the vehicle is on
overnight, approved travel status with a per diem. [Sec.
12305]

No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Ensuring High Standards for Agency Use of
Scientific Information.
By January 1, 2014 federal
agencies are required to establish guidelines to ensure
and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity
of scientific information used by the agencies. Policy
decisions that are issued without guidelines after January
1, 2014 shal be deemed not in accordance with the law,
with the exception of policy decisions necessary to
protect imminent threat to health or safety. [Sec. 12307]
Prohibition on closure or relocation of
No comparable provision.
Prohibits USDA from closing or relocating a county or
county offices for the Farm Service Agency.
field office of the FSA if the office has a high workload
Section 14212 of the 2008 farm bill sets limits and
compared with other offices in the state. Requires USDA
CRS-167


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Miscellaneous
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
requires notifications for closing or relocating Farm
to conduct an evaluation of the workload of all FSA
Service Agency (FSA) offices. [7 U.S.C. 6932a]
offices open on January 1, 2012. The evaluations are to be
completed 18 months after enactment. [Sec. 12308]
The Small Business Regulatory Enforcement
No comparable provision.
Regulatory Review by the Secretary of
Fairness Act of 1996 [5 U.S.C. 801 et seq.]
Agriculture. Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to
requires the Environmental Protection Agency
convene a review panel to analyze guidance, policy,
(EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health
memorandum, regulation, or statement of general
Administration (OSHA) to convene smal business
applicability and future effect that is planned or proposed
advocacy review panels when the agencies are
by EPA, which may have a significant impact on a
developing proposed rules.
substantial number of agricultural entities. USDA must
solicit information from the EPA administrator, use the
Office of Chief Economist to produce an economic
impact statement, and identify individuals who are
representative of those who might be impacted. Within
60 days of convening a review panel, the Secretary must
provide EPA comments, and publish comments in the
Federal Register for public comment. [Sec. 12310]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Prohibition Against Interference by State and
Local Governments with Production or
Manufacture of Items in Other States.
Prohibits any
state or local government from setting standards or
conditions on the production or manufacture of
agricultural products, and then using such standards to
prevent interstate sales of the agricultural products.
Agriculture products are defined in the Agricultural
Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1626) [Sec. 12312]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Increased Protection for Agricultural Interests in
the Missouri River Basin.
In response to 2011 floods,
this provision directs USDA to take steps to increase
flood protection for agricultural producers in the
Missouri River basin, specifically to recalculate the space
within the Missouri River Mainstem Reservoir System
allocated to flood control storage, and to increase the
channel capacity between the reservoirs and below
Gavins Point. [Sec. 12313]
CRS-168


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Miscellaneous
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Increased Protection for Agricultural Interests in
the Black Dirt Region.
Directs the Secretary of
Agriculture to take action to promote immediate
increased flood protection for farmers, producers, and
other agricultural interests around the Wallkill River and
the Black Dirt region. [Sec. 12314]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Protection of Honey Bees and Other Pollinators.
USDA, in consultations with the Department of Interior
and EPA, will take measures to improve federal
coordination in addressing the documented decline of
managed and native pollinators and promote the long-
term viability of honey bee, wild bees and other beneficial
insects in agriculture. Requires USDA to establish a
federal task force on bee health and commercial
beekeeping to coordinate and assess efforts to mitigate
pollinator losses, and the task force is to submit a report
to Congress within 180 days of enactment of the farm
bill. Also, USDA may conduct a study to consider
relocating and modernizing pollinator research labs. [Sec.
12315]

No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Produce Represented as Grown in the United
States When It Is Not In Fact Grown in the
United States.
Requires the USDA to provide technical
assistance to the U.S. Customs and Border Protection for
identifying produce claimed to be grown in the United
States, but not. Requires USDA to submit to the House
and Senate Agriculture Committees a report on produce
represented as grown in the United States. [Sec. 12316]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Urban Agriculture Coordination. USDA is required
to compile a list of programs for which urban farmers can
apply for assistance or participation, adjust programs to
enable urban farmers to increase participation, and
streamline the process for urban farmer participation.
[Sec. 12317]

No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Sense of Congress on Increased Business
CRS-169


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Miscellaneous
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
Opportunities for Black Farmers, Women,
Minorities, and Small Business.
Expresses the sense
of Congress that the federal government should increase
the number of federal contracts awarded to businesses
owned by minorities, black farmers, women, and smal
businesses. [Sec. 12318]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Sense of Congress Regarding Agriculture Security
Programs.
Expresses the sense of Congress that
nutrients and chemicals play an important role in
agricultural production. USDA should coordinate with the
Department of Homeland Security to develop regulations
and procedures to handle these agricultural chemicals.
[Sec. 12319]

Utilization of Waters of the Colorado and
No comparable provision.
Report on Water Sharing. The Secretary of State is
Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande. This
required to submit to Congress a report on Mexico’s Rio
treaty between the United States and Mexico was
Grande water deliveries to the United States, and the
signed in February 1944 and regulates the use of
benefits to the United States of cooperation with Mexico
water on the border.
on reservoir conservation in Colorado River Basin. The
report is to be submitted within 120 days of the
enactment of the farm bill, and then annually. [Sec.
12320]

FDA Food Safety Modernization Act
No comparable provision.
Scientific and Economic Analysis of the FDA Food
(FSMA). FSMA expanded or modified FDA
Safety Modernization Act. Requires the Secretary of
authorities for food safety, especially under the
Health and Human Services to provide a scientific and
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C.
economic analysis of FSMA prior to final regulations being
301 et seq.) FSMA expanded FDA's authority to
enforced with the focus of the analysis being on the
conduct a mandatory recall of contaminated food
impact of the bill on agricultural businesses of all sizes.
products; enhanced surveillance systems to
The Secretary is to submit to the House and Senate
investigate foodborne illness outbreaks; established
Agriculture Committees a report on the impact of
new preventive controls and food safety plans at
implementation of FSMA not later than one year after the
some food processing facilities and farms; enhanced
farm bill is enacted. [Sec. 12321]
FDA's traceability capacity within the nation's food
distribution channels; increased inspection
frequencies of high-risk food facilities (both
domestic and foreign facilities); and expanded
FDA's authority and oversight capabilities of foreign
CRS-170


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Miscellaneous
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
companies that supply food imports to the United
States. [21 U.S.C. 2201 et seq.]
Procedures for Gathering Comments.
No comparable provision.
Improved Department of Agriculture
Governs the procedures that an agency must follow
Consideration of Economic Impact of Regulations
in the initial regulatory flexibility analysis of the
on Small Business. Requires that USDA complete the
rulemaking process. [5 U.S.C. 609(b)]
procedures consistent with 5 U.S.C. 609(b) when it
promulgates any rule that will have a significant economic
impact on small entities. [Sec. 12322]
Water Pollution Prevention and Control
No comparable provision.
Silvicultural Activities. Amends Section 1342(l) to add
Act. The Clean Water Act governs the restoration
an exemption for silviculture activities (nursery operation,
and maintenance of the chemical, physical, and
site preparation, reforestation and subsequent cultural
biological integrity of the nation’s waterways. [33
treatment, thinning, prescribed burning, pest and fire
U.S.C. 1251 et. seq.] Section 1342, the National
control, harvesting operations, surface drainage, and road
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
use, construction, and maintenance) from NPDES permit
governs discharge permits.
requirements. Does not exempt silvicultural activity
resulting in discharge of dredged or filled material that is
regulated under the Clean Water Act. [Sec. 12323]
Pursuant to the Clean Water Act of 1972 [33
No comparable provision.
Applicability of Spill Prevention, Control, and
U.S.C. 1321(j)(1)], EPA promulgated Spill
Countermeasure Rule. Amends the volume threshold
Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC)
that would require a Professional Engineer to certify a
regulations for non-transportation-related facilities
SPCC plan to farms with individual aboveground storage
in 1973. Affected facilities must prepare and
tanks larger than 10,000 gallons, aggregate aboveground
implement, but not submit, SPCC plans. The
storage of greater than 42,000 gal ons, or a history of
requirements apply to non- transportation-related
spills. Farms with aggregate aboveground storage of more
facilities that drill, produce, store, process, refine,
than 10,000 gal ons, but less than 42,000 gal ons, and no
transfer, distribute, use, or consume oil or oil
spill history may self-certify. Farms with less than 10,000
products; and that could reasonably be expected to
gallons and no spill history are exempt from all SPCC
discharge oil to U.S. navigable waters or adjoining
requirements. For calculating aboveground storage
shorelines. Facilities, including farms, are subject to
capacity, containers on separate parcels of less than 1,320
the rule if they meet at least one of the fol owing
gallons and containers approved by FDA for livestock
thresholds: an aboveground aggregate oil storage
feed are exempt. [Sec. 12324]
capacity greater than 1,320 gallons, or completely
buried oil storage capacity greater than 42,000
gallons. Facilities must count all containers greater
than 55 gallons. A Professional Engineer (PE) must
certify a facility’s plan. As of 2008 EPA rulemaking,
CRS-171


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Miscellaneous
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
facilities with aggregate storage of 10,000 gallons or
less aggregate can self-certify their plans.
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Agricultural Producer Information Disclosure.
Prohibits EPA from publicly disclosing names, telephone
numbers, email addresses, physical addresses, GPS
coordinates, or other identifying information of any
owner, operator, or employee of an agricultural or
livestock operation. The prohibition does not apply when:
1) information is in a statistical or aggregated form at the
county or higher level; 2) the producer consents; or 3) a
state agency has the authority to col ect data. EPA is
prohibited from requiring information disclosure for the
purposes of the approval of a permit, practice, or
program administered by the agency. [Sec. 12325]
On July 19, 2010, the President issued Executive
No comparable provision.
Report on Ocean Policy. Requires that the Inspector
Order (EO) 13547, Stewardship of the Ocean, Our
General of USDA submit to the House and Senate
Coasts, and the Great Lakes. The EO 13547
Agriculture Committees within 90 days after enactment
adopted the recommendations of the Interagency
of the farm bill a report on the activities and resources
Ocean Policy Task Force to enhance national
expended on Executive Order 13547 since July 19, 2010.
stewardship of oceans, coasts, and the Great Lakes.
The report is to include any budget requests for FY2014
The order created a 27-member National Ocean
for the implementation of the executive order. [Sec.
Council, including a representative from USDA.
12326]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Sunsetting of Programs. Sunsets all discretionary
programs in the farm bill upon the expiration of the 5-
year authorization period. [Sec. 12327]
Chesapeake Bay Accountability and Recovery
Federal, state and local governments, non-
No comparable provision.
Requires the Office of Management and Budget to
governmental organizations, and the general public
prepare an interagency cross-cut budget on federal
are engaged in efforts to restore the natural
activities and state activities, to the extent possible, for
resources and water quality of the Chesapeake Bay.
restoration of the Chesapeake Bay and report to
Congress. Directs EPA to develop a plan to provide
technical and financial assistance to Chesapeake Bay states
to employ adaptive management in carrying restoration
activities in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Requires
appointment of an independent evaluator to review
CRS-172


House-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (H.R. 2642, including
Current Law/Policy—Miscellaneous
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill (S. 954)
text of H.R. 3102)
restoration activities and report to Congress. [Secs.
12401-12405]

CRS-173

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954, H.R. 2642, and H.R. 3102 with Current Law



Author Contact Information

Ralph M. Chite, Coordinator
Remy Jurenas
Section Research Manager
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
rchite@crs.loc.gov, 7-7296
rjurenas@crs.loc.gov, 7-7281
Randy Schnepf
Randy Alison Aussenberg
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Analyst in Nutrition Assistance Policy
rschnepf@crs.loc.gov, 7-4277
raussenberg@crs.loc.gov, 7-8641
Dennis A. Shields
Katie Hoover
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Analyst in Natural Resources Policy
dshields@crs.loc.gov, 7-9051
khoover@crs.loc.gov, 7-9008
Renée Johnson
Jim Monke
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
rjohnson@crs.loc.gov, 7-9588
jmonke@crs.loc.gov, 7-9664
Megan Stubbs
Claudia Copeland
Specialist in Agricultural Conservation and Natural
Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy
Resources Policy
ccopeland@crs.loc.gov, 7-7227
mstubbs@crs.loc.gov, 7-8707
Joel L. Greene
Tadlock Cowan
Analyst in Agricultural Policy
Analyst in Natural Resources and Rural
jgreene@crs.loc.gov, 7-9877
Development
tcowan@crs.loc.gov, 7-7600
Charles E. Hanrahan

Senior Specialist in Agricultural Policy
chanrahan@crs.loc.gov, 7-7235

Acknowledgments
Special thanks to CRS editor Laura Comay for her technical assistance in publishing this report.
Congressional Research Service
174