The 2013 Farm Bill: A Comparison of the
Senate-Passed Bill (S. 954) and House-
Reported Bill (H.R. 1947) with Current Law

Ralph M. Chite, Coordinator
Section Research Manager
June 14, 2013
Congressional Research Service
7-5700
www.crs.gov
R43076
CRS Report for Congress
Pr
epared for Members and Committees of Congress

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

Summary
Congress periodically establishes agricultural and food policy in an omnibus farm bill. The 113th
Congress faces reauthorization of the current five-year farm bill (the Food, Conservation, and
Energy Act of 2008, P.L. 110-246), since many of its provisions expire in 2013. The 2008 farm
bill originally expired in 2012, but the 112th Congress did not complete action on a new farm bill
and instead extended most authorities and funding for one additional year in the American
Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (the fiscal cliff bill, P.L. 112-240). The 2008 farm bill contains titles
that cover farm commodity support, horticulture, livestock, conservation, nutrition assistance,
international trade and food aid, agricultural research, farm credit, rural development, bioenergy,
and forestry.
The Senate Agriculture Committee approved its version of an omnibus 2013 farm bill (S. 954, the
Agriculture Reform, Food, and Jobs Act of 2013) by a vote of 15-5 on May 14, 2013. The next
day, the House Agriculture Committee conducted markup of its own version of the farm bill (H.R.
1947, the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013) and approved the
amended bill by a vote of 36-10. Floor action on the Senate bill began during the week of May
20, 2013, and was completed on June 10, 2013, when the full Senate approved the bill by a vote
of 66-27. The full House is expected to consider H.R. 1947 during the week of June 17.
Within the 12 titles of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 are provisions that would reshape the structure of
farm commodity support, expand crop insurance coverage, consolidate conservation programs,
revise the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly food stamps), and extend
authority to appropriate funds for many U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) discretionary
programs through FY2018. Both farm bills would eliminate direct payments to farmers, and
revise (and rename) counter-cyclical price and revenue programs, to enhance price or revenue
protection for producers.
The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projects that the mandatory programs of the 2008 farm
bill, if they were to continue, would cost $973 billion over the next 10 years (FY2014-FY2023).
This baseline has been reduced by $6.4 billion to reflect the effects of sequestration. Compared to
this “baseline,” S. 954, as passed, would reduce spending by $18 billion (-1.9%); and the House
Agriculture Committee-reported bill, H.R. 1947, would reduce it by $33 billion (-3.4%). The bills
differ most notably in their estimated reductions to SNAP spending. The House-reported bill
proposes to restrict categorical eligibility (estimated to reduce SNAP spending by approximately
$11.6 billion over 10 years), whereas the Senate-passed bill does not include such a restriction.
This report provides a side-by-side comparison of every provision in the House Agriculture
Committee-reported and Senate-passed farm bills with each other and with current law or policy,
as amended and extended by the fiscal cliff bill.


Congressional Research Service

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

Contents
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1
Budgetary Impact ............................................................................................................................. 3
Title-by-Title Summaries of the Senate- Passed (S. 954) and House-Reported (H.R. 1947)
2013 Farm Bills ............................................................................................................................ 5
Farm Bill Title I, Commodity Programs .................................................................................... 5
Farm Bill Title II, Conservation ................................................................................................ 7
Farm Bill Title III, Trade ........................................................................................................... 8
Farm Bill Title IV, Nutrition ...................................................................................................... 9
Farm Bill Title V, Credit .......................................................................................................... 10
Farm Bill Title VI, Rural Development ................................................................................... 11
Farm Bill Title VII, Research, Extension, and Related Matters .............................................. 12
Farm Bill Title VIII, Forestry .................................................................................................. 13
Farm Bill Title IX, Energy ....................................................................................................... 13
Farm Bill Title X, Horticulture ................................................................................................ 14
Farm Bill Title XI, Crop Insurance .......................................................................................... 15
Farm Bill Title XII, Miscellaneous .......................................................................................... 16
Provisions of the Senate-Passed (S. 954) and House Committee-Reported (H.R. 1947)
Versions of the 2013 Farm Bill, Compared with Current Law ................................................... 18

Figures
Figure 1. Ten-Year Scores of the Senate and House 2013 Farm Bills ............................................. 4

Tables
Title I. Commodity Programs ........................................................................................................ 18
Title II. Conservation ..................................................................................................................... 44
Title III. Trade ................................................................................................................................ 65
Title IV. Nutrition ........................................................................................................................... 74
Title V. Credit ................................................................................................................................. 87
Title VI. Rural Development ......................................................................................................... 92
Title VII. Research, Extension, and Related Matters ................................................................... 106
Title VIII. Forestry ....................................................................................................................... 119
Title IX. Energy ........................................................................................................................... 125
Title X. Horticulture..................................................................................................................... 133
Title XI. Crop Insurance .............................................................................................................. 139
Title XII. Miscellaneous .............................................................................................................. 147

Congressional Research Service

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

Contacts
Author Contact Information......................................................................................................... 159
Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................... 159

Congressional Research Service

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

Introduction
The 113th Congress is in the midst of considering an omnibus farm bill that will establish the
direction of agricultural policy for the next several years. Many provisions of the current farm bill
(the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, P.L. 110-246) expired in 2012, but were
extended for an additional year in the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-240, the
fiscal cliff bill). The 112th Congress began work on a new farm bill but did not complete action
before the conclusion of the Congress, requiring new bills to be introduced in the 113th Congress.
The Senate Agriculture Committee reported its version of the 2013 omnibus farm bill on May 14,
2013 (S. 954, the Agriculture Reform, Food and Jobs Act of 2013) by a vote of 15-5. Floor action
began during the week of May 20, 2013, and concluded on June 10, 2013 when the full Senate
approved the measure by a vote of 66-27. While the bill was being debated in the Senate,
approximately nine amendments were adopted and six were rejected. Adopted amendments
included a reduction in crop insurance premium subsidies for a producer with an adjusted gross
income above $750,000, and another that bars additional categories of ex-offenders from
receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. Attempts to modify the
sugar program, further limit SNAP spending, eliminate crop insurance subsidies for tobacco, and
require the labeling of genetically engineered foods were all defeated. More than 200 other
amendments were offered to the Senate bill, but were not considered, when an agreement could
not be reached on consolidating the amendments and limiting floor debate.
On May 15, 2013, the House Agriculture Committee completed markup of its version of the bill
(H.R. 1947, the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013) and approved the
amended measure by a 36-10 vote. The bill was subsequently referred to the House Judiciary
Committee, which amended the bill to ensure that two proposed dairy programs are subject to
standard rulemaking procedures. Floor action on the House bill is expected during the week of
June 17.
Action on a 2013 Farm Bill
Committee
Initial Passage
Conference Agreement
Public
House
Senate House Senate Report House Senate Law
H.R. 1947
S. 954
— S.
954 — — — —
Markup
Markup
Passed
completed: completed:
6/10/2013
5/15/2013 5/14/2013
Vote of
Vote of
Vote of
66-27
36-10
15-5
H.Rept.


113-92a
Source: CRS.
a. After H.R. 1947 was reported by the House Agriculture Committee on 5/15/2013, the bill was amended by
the House Judiciary Committee on 6/10/2013 with respect to rulemaking procedures.
Congressional Research Service
1

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

2013 Farm Bill: Key CRS Policy Staff
Legislative Issues
Name/Title
Phone
E-mail
Farm Bill Budget
Jim Monke
7-9664 jmonke@crs.loc.gov

Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Farm Safety Net (Commodity
Dennis A. Shields
7-9051 dshields@crs.loc.gov

Support, Crop Insurance, and
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Disaster Assistance)
Dairy Policy
Randy Schnepf
7-4277 rschnepf@crs.loc.gov

Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Sugar Policy
Remy Jurenas
7-7281 rjurenas@crs.loc.gov

Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Conservation and Environment
John Glover
7-9087 jglover@crs.loc.gov

Agricultural Conservation and Natural
Resources Policy, Detailee
Agricultural Trade and
Charles E. Hanrahan
7-7235 chanrahan@crs.loc.gov

International Food Aid
Senior Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Domestic Food and
Randy Alison Aussenberg
7-8641 raussenberg@crs.loc.gov
Nutrition Assistance
Analyst in Nutrition Assistance Policy
Agricultural Credit
Jim Monke
7-9664 jmonke@crs.loc.gov

Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Rural Development
Tadlock Cowan
7-7600 tcowan@crs.loc.gov

Analyst in Natural Resources and Rural
Development
Agricultural Research
Dennis A. Shields
7-9051 dshields@crs.loc.gov
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Forestry Katie
Hoover
7-9008 khoover@crs.loc.gov
Analyst in Natural Resources Policy
Agriculture-Based
Randy Schnepf
7-4277 rschnepf@crs.loc.gov
Biofuels/Bioenergy
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Horticulture and Organic
Renée Johnson
7-9588 rjohnson@crs.loc.gov
Agriculture
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Livestock/Animal Agriculture
Joel L. Greene
7-9877 jgreene@crs.loc.gov
Analyst in Agricultural Policy
EPA-Related Issues
Claudia Copeland
7-7227 ccopeland@crs.loc.gov
Specialist in Resources and Environmental
Policy
Rulemaking Process
Maeve P. Carey
7-7775 mcarey@crs.loc.gov
Analyst in Government Organization and
Management

Within their 12 titles, the five-year House and Senate farm bills would reshape the structure of
farm commodity support, expand crop insurance coverage, consolidate conservation programs,
revise the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly food stamps), and extend
authority to appropriate funds for many U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) discretionary
programs through FY2018.
Congressional Research Service
2

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

This report begins with a brief overview of the estimated budgetary impact of the House and
Senate farm bills, followed by a summary comparison of the major provisions of each title, and a
comprehensive comparison of all of the provisions in S. 954, as passed by the Senate, and H.R.
1947, as reported by the House Agriculture Committee, with each other, and with current law or
policy in a side-by-side format. The current law column of the side-by-side tables reflects the
provisions of the 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246) as amended by the American Taxpayer Relief Act
of 2012 (P.L. 112-240), which extended most of the 2008 farm bill provisions for an additional
year.
Budgetary Impact1
The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projects that the mandatory programs of the 2008 farm
bill, if they were to continue, would cost $973 billion over the next 10 years (FY2014-2023). 2
This “baseline” has been reduced by $6.4 billion to reflect the effects of sequestration over the
10-year baseline.3 Compared to this post-sequestration baseline, the Senate-passed farm bill (S.
954), would reduce spending by $18 billion (-1.8%);4 and the House Agriculture Committee-
reported bill, H.R. 1947, would reduce it by $33 billion (-3.4%).5
If sequestration was repealed and the baseline was increased by the $6.4 billion adjustment that
has been taken (restoring the baseline to what would have been $979 billion), then the farm bill
proposals would reduce spending by $24 billion (Senate) and $40 billion (House) over the next
10 years.6 The net spending by the farm bill proposals over the next 10 years, if the bills were
enacted, would be the same whether one quotes pre- or post-sequestration estimates—at $955
billion under the Senate bill and $940 billion under the House bill.
The net reduction in each bill is composed of some titles receiving more funding than in the past,
while other titles provide offsets for deficit reduction. Figure 1 illustrates the budgetary impacts
of changes to each title in each bill. The following table contains the data in tabular form and
includes an estimate of the proposed outlays under the draft legislation. More background and
detail on the budget available to write the farm bill, the CBO scores of each bill, and other
budgetary issues is available in CRS Report R42484, Budget Issues Shaping a Farm Bill in 2013.

1 This section was written by Jim Monke, Specialist in Agricultural Policy.
2 The May 14, 2013, CBO baseline for the Commodity Credit Corporation is available at http://cbo.gov/publication/
44202, and for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program at http://cbo.gov/publication/44211.
3 The effect of sequestration on the baseline and scores is explained in the initial CBO estimates of the farm bill drafts
prior to markup for the Senate farm bill (p. 2 and Table 4, at http://cbo.gov/publication/44175, May 13, 2013) and the
House bill (p. 2 and Table 4, at http://cbo.gov/publication/44177, May 13, 2013).
4 CBO cost estimate of S. 954 as reported by the Senate Agriculture committee (http://cbo.gov/publication/44248, May
17, 2013).
5 CBO cost estimate of H.R. 1947 as reported by the House Agriculture committee (http://cbo.gov/publication/44271,
May 23, 2013).
6 See footnote 3.
Congressional Research Service
3



The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

Figure 1. Ten-Year Scores of the Senate and House 2013 Farm Bills
(change in outlays over FY2014-FY2023 in billions of dollars by farm bill title, relative to baseline)

Source: CRS, using CBO cost estimates of S. 954 as reported by the Senate Agriculture committee (http://cbo.
gov/publication/44248, May 17, 2013), and H.R. 1947 as reported by the House Agriculture committee (http://
cbo.gov/publication/44271, May 23, 2013), Amendments that were adopted on the Senate floor are not expected
to significantly change the CBO score.
Notes: Incorporates into Title X (Horticulture) the scores of promotion orders that are classified as revenue.
2013 Farm Bill Budget: Baseline, Scores, and Proposed Outlays, by Title
(outlays in millions of dollars, 10-year total FY2014-FY2023)
CBO Score of Bill
Outlays Proposed
(change to baseline)
(Baseline + Score)
CBO
2013 Farm Bill Titles
Baseline
S. 954
H.R. 1947
S. 954
H.R. 1947
I
Commodities
58,765
-17,442
-18,626
41,323
40,139
II
Conservation
61,567
-3,511
-4,827
58,056
56,740
III
Trade
3,435
+150
+150
3,585
3,585
IV Nutrition
764,432
-3,944
-20,509
760,488
743,923
V
Credit
-2,240
+0
+0
-2,240
-2,240
VI Rural Development
13
+228
+96
241
109
VII Research
111
+781
+760
892
871
VIII Forestry
3
+10
+5
13
8
IX Energy
243
+880
+0
1,123
243
Congressional Research Service
4

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

CBO Score of Bill
Outlays Proposed
(change to baseline)
(Baseline + Score)
CBO
2013 Farm Bill Titles
Baseline
S. 954
H.R. 1947
S. 954
H.R. 1947
X
Horticulture
1,061
+250
+479
1,311
1,540
XI Crop Insurance
84,105
+4,999
+8,914
89,104
93,019
XII Miscellaneous
1,410
-294
+161
1,116
1,571

Total
972,905
-17,894
-33,397
955,012
939,508
Source: CRS, using the CBO baseline (May 2013, at http://cbo.gov/publication/44177) and CBO cost estimates
of S. 954 as reported by the Senate Agriculture committee (http://cbo.gov/publication/44248, May 17, 2013), and
H.R. 1947 as reported by the House Agriculture committee (http://cbo.gov/publication/44271, May 23, 2013).
Adopted floor amendments in the Senate are not expected to significantly change the CBO score of S. 954.
Notes: Incorporates into Title X (Horticulture) the scores of promotion orders that are classified as revenue.
Title-by-Title Summaries of the Senate- Passed (S.
954) and House-Reported (H.R. 1947) 2013 Farm Bills

Farm Bill Title I, Commodity Programs7
Under both the Senate-passed (S. 954) and House Agriculture Committee-reported (H.R. 1947)
2013 farm bills, farm support for traditional program crops is restructured by eliminating direct
payments,8 the counter-cyclical price (CCP) program, and the Average Crop Revenue Election
(ACRE) program. Authority is continued for marketing assistance loans, which provide additional
low-price protection at “loan rates” specified in current law (with an adjustment made to the
cotton loan rate). Direct payments account for most of current commodity spending and are made
to producers and landowners based on historical production of corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, rice,
peanuts, and other “covered” crops. Approximately three-fourths of the 10-year, $46-$47 billion
in savings associated with the proposed elimination of current farm programs would be used to
offset the cost of revising farm programs (Title I) and enhancing crop insurance (Title XI). The
two bills provide programs for covered crops, except cotton, which would have its own program
(see “Farm Bill Title XI, Crop Insurance”).
Both S. 954, as passed, and H.R. 1947, as reported, borrow conceptually from current farm
programs, revising (and renaming) them to enhance price or revenue protection for producers.
Both bills retain a counter-cyclical price program that makes a farm payment
when prices for covered crops decline below certain levels. It is renamed Adverse
Market Payments or AMP in S. 954 and Price Loss Coverage or PLC in H.R.
1947. To better protect producers in a market downturn, the price guarantees
(called “reference prices” in both bills) that determine payment levels are set in
statute and increased relative to current parameters (called “target prices”). A

7 This section was written by Dennis A. Shields (farm commodity support), Randy Schnepf (dairy), Remy Jurenas
(sugar), and Jim Monke (payment limits), all Specialists in Agricultural Policy.
8 Direct payments continue at a reduced level for cotton in crop years 2014 and 2015.
Congressional Research Service
5

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

broad exception applies in S. 954 to the reference price for crops other than rice
and peanuts, where it is calculated as 55% of a rolling 5-year average (excluding
the high and low years). The 2012 Senate-passed farm bill (S. 3240) did not
provide for a counter-cyclical price program, and an amendment to eliminate
AMP for crops other than rice and peanuts failed during committee mark-up of S.
954.
S. 954 continues current policy by making payments on 85% of historical
plantings
(or “base acres”), a provision designed to minimize the program’s
effect on planting decisions. In contrast, the House bill pays on 85% of planted
acreage
to better align payments with producer risk.
Both bills retain a revenue-based program designed to cover a portion of a
farmer’s out-of-pocket loss (referred to as “shallow loss”). It is renamed
Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) in S. 954 and Revenue Loss Coverage or
(RLC) in H.R. 1947. Payments are made on planted acres when actual crop
revenue drops below a specified percentage of historical or “benchmark” revenue
(88% in S. 954 and 85% in H.R. 1947). In the Senate bill under ARC, farmers
can select coverage at either the county or individual farm level, and any
payments are made in addition to AMP. In the House bill, coverage under RLC is
available at only the county level, and the program is not available in
combination with PLC.9
Five disaster programs were established in the 2008 farm bill for weather-induced losses in
FY2008-FY2011. Both S. 954 and H.R. 1947 retroactively reauthorize four programs covering
livestock and tree assistance for FY2012-FY2018. The crop disaster program from the 2008 farm
bill (i.e., Supplemental Revenue Assistance, or SURE) is not reauthorized in either bill, but
elements of it are folded into the new ARC in the Senate bill by allowing producers to protect
against farm-level revenue losses (not included in the House bill). S. 954 also provides disaster
benefits to tree fruit producers who suffered crop losses in 2012.
Farm commodity programs have certain limits that cap payments (currently $105,000 per person)
and set eligibility based on adjusted gross income (AGI, currently a maximum of $500,000 per
person for nonfarm income and $750,000 for farm income). The two bills diverge from current
law and each other, with S. 954 reducing the farm program payment limit to $50,000 per person
for combined AMP and ARC payments and adding a $75,000 limit on loan deficiency payments
(LDPs). The program payment limit under H.R. 1947 is $125,000 for PLC and RLC, with no
limit on LDPs.10 The Senate bill changes the threshold to be considered “actively engaged” and to
qualify for payments, by effectively requiring personal labor in the farming operation. Both bills
also tighten limits on AGI, with a combined AGI limit of $750,000 in S. 954 and $950,000 in
H.R. 1947. The payment limit provisions are essentially the same as in the 2012 farm bill
proposals. The only differences from last year are incorporating adverse market payments into the

9 RLC makes payments to producers for each planted crop when actual countywide crop revenue is below 85% of
historical revenue (i.e., the producer absorbs the first 15% of the shortfall). In contrast, for ARC, the revenue guarantee
is set at 88% of historical revenue (i.e., the producer absorbs the first 12% of the shortfall) at either the county or farm
level (to cover more localized losses). In both cases, the government then pays for the next 10% of the loss. Any
remaining losses are backstopped by crop insurance if purchased by the producer.
10 In both the House and Senate bills, peanuts have a separate but identical payment limit as all the other covered
commodities combined.
Congressional Research Service
6

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

Senate bill’s cap on ARC, and incorporating direct payments for cotton in 2014 and 2015 into the
PLC-RLC cap and imposing a separate $40,000 cap on those direct payments.
For dairy policy, both bills contain similar, significant changes, including elimination of the dairy
product price support program, the Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) program, and export
subsidies. These are replaced by a new program, which makes payments to participating dairy
producers when the national margin (average farm price of milk minus average feed costs) falls
below $4.00 per hundredweight (cwt.), with coverage at higher margins available for purchase.
Another provision makes participating producers subject to a separate program, which reduces
incentives to produce milk when margins are low. As reported out of the House Agriculture
Committee, H.R. 1947 exempted these two new dairy programs from standard rulemaking
procedures. However, an amendment adopted by the House Judiciary Committee removes this
exemption and requires USDA to determine the market impacts of the new program during the
rulemaking process. Separately, federal milk marketing orders have permanent statutory
authority and continue intact. However, S. 954 (but not H.R. 1947) includes two additional
provisions: one that requires USDA to use a specified pre-hearing procedure to consider
alternative formulas for Class III milk product pricing, and a second that requires USDA to
analyze and report on the potential effects of replacing end-product pricing with alternative
pricing procedures.
The sugar program is left unchanged in both bills.
Farm Bill Title II, Conservation11
The current agricultural conservation portfolio includes over 20 conservation programs. The
conservation titles of both the Senate-passed (S. 954) and House-reported (H.R. 1947) farm bills
reduce and consolidate the number of conservation programs while also reducing mandatory
funding over the 10-year baseline by $3.5 billion in S. 954 and $4.8 billion in H.R. 1947.
Many of the larger existing conservation programs, such as the Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP), the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), and the Conservation Stewardship
Program (CSP), are reauthorized by both bills with smaller and similar conservation programs
“rolled” into them. In response to reduced demand and as a budget saving measure, the largest
conservation program, CRP, is reauthorized with a reduced acreage enrollment cap using a step-
down approach from the current 32 million acres to 25 million by FY2018 under S. 932 and 24
million acres under H.R. 1947. CRP also is amended to include the enrollment of grassland acres
similar to the Grasslands Reserve Program (GRP), which is repealed. These grassland acres are
limited to 1.5 million acres in S. 954 and 2 million acres in H.R. 1947. EQIP, a program that
assists producers with conservation measures on land in production, is reauthorized by both bills
with a 5% funding carve-out for wildlife habitat practices (similar to the Wildlife Habitat
Incentives Program, WHIP, which is repealed). The Senate bill reduces budget authority for EQIP
by a total of almost $1 billion over 10 years, while the House committee bill offers no reduction
from the current $1.75 billion annually. CSP, another working lands program, is reauthorized at a
reduced enrollment level under both bills: 10.348 million acres annually under S. 954 and 8.695
million acres annually under H.R. 1947, down from 12.769 million acres annually under current
law.

11 This section was written by Megan Stubbs, Specialist in Agricultural Conservation and Natural Resources Policy,
and John Glover, Visiting Analyst.
Congressional Research Service
7

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

Both bills create two new conservation programs—the Agricultural Conservation Easement
Program (ACEP) and the Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP)—out of several of
the existing programs. Conservation easement programs, including the Wetlands Reserve
Program (WRP), Farmland Protection Program (FPP), and GRP, are repealed and consolidated to
create ACEP. ACEP retains most of the program provisions in the current easement programs by
establishing two types of easements: wetlands easements (similar to WRP) that protect and
restore wetlands, and agricultural land easements (similar to FPP and GRP) that prevent non-
agricultural uses on productive farm or grasslands. The Agricultural Water Enhancement Program
(AWEP), Chesapeake Bay Watershed program, Cooperative Conservation Partnership Initiative
(CCPI), and Great Lakes basin program are repealed by both bills and consolidated into the new
RCPP. RCPP uses partnership agreements with state and local governments, Indian tribes, farmer
cooperatives, and other conservation organizations to leverage federal funding and further
conservation on a regional or watershed scale.
A major difference between the two bills is that the Senate-passed bill adds the federally funded
portion of crop insurance premiums to the list of program benefits that could be lost if a producer
is found to produce an agricultural commodity on highly erodible land without implementing an
approved conservation plan or qualifying exemption, or converts a wetland to crop production.
This prerequisite, referred to as conservation compliance, has existed since the 1985 farm bill and
currently affects most USDA farm program benefits, but has excluded crop insurance since 1996.
The House-reported bill offers no comparable provision.
Farm Bill Title III, Trade12
Title III of the farm bill deals with statutes concerning U.S. international food aid and agricultural
export programs. The provisions of Title III of H.R. 1947, as reported, and S. 954, as passed, are
nearly identical to the Title III provisions in the farm bills reported by the House Agriculture
Committee (H.R. 6083) and passed by the Senate (S. 3240) in the 112th Congress with one
exception. S. 954 includes a provision (not included in S. 3240) requiring a reorganization plan
for the trade functions of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the appointment of an Under
Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs.
Both S. 954 and H.R. 1947 reauthorize all of the international food aid programs, including the
largest, Food for Peace Title II (emergency and nonemergency food aid). Both bills contain
amendments to current food aid law that place greater emphasis on improving the quality of food
aid products (i.e., enhancing their nutritional quality). The Senate bill places new restrictions on
the practice of monetization or selling U.S. food aid commodities in recipient countries to raise
cash to finance development projects. In this regard, S. 954 requires implementing partners such
as U.S. private voluntary organizations or cooperatives to recover 70% of the U.S. commodity
procurement and shipping costs. The Senate bill repeals the specified dollar amounts for
nonemergency food aid required in current law (the “safe box”). In place of the safe box, S. 954
provides that nonemergency food aid be not less than 20% nor more than 30% of funds made
available to carry out the program, subject to the requirement that a minimum of $275 million be
provided for nonemergency food aid. The House bill places no limits on the practice of
monetization, other than new reporting requirements, and fixes the amount of “safe box”
nonemergency assistance at $400 million annually.

12 This section was written by Charles E. Hanrahan, Senior Specialist in Agricultural Policy.
Congressional Research Service
8

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

The Senate farm bill creates a new local and regional purchase program in place of the expired
local and regional procurement (LRP) pilot program of the 2008 farm bill. An adopted floor
amendment to S. 954 increased the appropriation authorization for LRP to $60 million annually
for FY2014 through FY2018, up from $40 million as reported out of committee. H.R. 1947 does
not include an LRP program.
Both bills reauthorize funding for the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Export Credit
Guarantee program and various agricultural export market promotion programs. S. 954 reduces
the value of U.S. agricultural exports that can benefit from export credit guarantees from $5.5
billion to $4.5 billion annually. The House bill retains the $5.5 billion level of guarantees. Both
bills authorize CCC funding of $200 million annually for the Market Access Program (MAP),
which finances promotional activities for both generic and branded U.S. agricultural products.
MAP had been targeted in a number of deficit reduction proposals for elimination. Authorized
CCC funding for the Foreign Market Development Program (FMDP), a generic commodity
promotion program, continues in both bills at $34.5 million annually through F2017.
H.R. 1947 authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to establish the position of Under Secretary of
Agriculture for Foreign Agricultural Services. S. 954 requires the Secretary, in consultation with
the House and Senate Agriculture Committees and House and Senate Appropriations Committees
to propose a plan for reorganization of the trade functions of USDA, including the establishment
of an Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs. The Secretary is
required to report on the plan 180 days after the farm bill’s enactment. Within one year of
submission of the report, the Secretary is required to implement the reorganization plan including
establishment of the Under Secretary position.
Farm Bill Title IV, Nutrition13
Title IV of both the Senate-passed (S. 954) and the House-reported (H.R. 1947) 2013 farm bills
largely maintains the nutrition program policies and discretionary and mandatory funding that are
contained in the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 and other nutrition program authorizing statutes.
Of the changes made, many are the same in the two bills, but the bills also differ in a number of
ways, most notably in recognized cost savings associated with the Supplemental Nutrition
Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly food stamps). CBO estimates total 10-year budget savings
of $3.9 billion in the Senate-passed 2013 bill (compared with a savings of $4.0 billion in the farm
bill passed by the Senate in the 112th Congress, S. 3240) and $20.5 billion in the House-reported
2013 bill (compared with a savings of $16.1 billion in the reported farm bill from last year, H.R.
6083).
SNAP provisions in both bills include changes to the requirements for retailers who apply for
authorization to accept SNAP and changes to some of the rules that govern participants’ and
retailers’ redemption of SNAP benefits. Both bills provide additional mandatory funding for
reducing SNAP trafficking (the sale of SNAP benefits for cash or ineligible goods), although the
Senate provides a larger amount. In terms of eligibility for SNAP and the calculation of monthly
benefit amounts, both bills change how a household’s receipt of Low-Income Home Energy
Assistance Program (LIHEAP) benefits affects the household’s SNAP benefit calculation; S. 954
sets a $10 threshold and H.R. 1947 sets a $20 threshold (the House bill’s increased threshold,

13 This section was written by Randy Alison Aussenberg, Analyst in Nutrition Assistance Policy.
Congressional Research Service
9

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

relative to H.R. 6083, accounts for much of the additional savings from this year’s House-
reported bill as compared to last year’s House-reported bill). In addition, the House bill also
restricts categorical eligibility, repeals state performance bonuses, reduces funding for the
Nutrition Education and Obesity Prevention Grant Program, and clarifies the consideration of
medical marijuana expenses. The House bill also makes changes to the nutrition assistance
provided to the Northern Mariana Islands and Puerto Rico and authorizes new pilot projects (not
included in last year’s reported bill) in the areas of Employment and Training programs and
retailer fraud.
During Senate floor consideration, the Senate added two SNAP amendments—one to allow
certain delivery services that serve the elderly and disabled to redeem SNAP, and another to bar
additional categories of ex-offenders from receiving SNAP benefits. The Senate defeated three
SNAP amendments: one that would have stricken the change to the SNAP-LIHEAP relationship,
one that would have further increased the reductions in SNAP spending (by including many of the
policies included in the House bill), and one proposing to block-grant the program.
Unlike last year, when both bills increased funding for Community Food Projects grants, this year
only the House Committee bill increases resources for Community Food Projects (by $10 million
each year, with a carve out of $5 million of these grants for projects that incentivize low-income
households to purchase fruits and vegetables). Both bills increase mandatory funding for the
Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP), the Senate-passed bill by $54 million over 10
years, and the House-reported bill by $217 million (according to CBO). Both bills would limit
eligibility for the Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP) to low-income elderly
participants, phasing out eligibility for low-income pregnant and post-partum women, infants, and
children. This year, both bills would add discretionary authority for a Healthy Food Financing
Initiative, a financing mechanism to sustain and create food retail opportunities in communities
that lack access to healthy food. Only the Senate provides $100 million (over five years) in
mandatory funding for Hunger-Free Communities Incentive Grants, which funds programs that
provide incentives for SNAP participants’ purchase of fruits and vegetables; neither of these
programs is included in the House committee bill.
Within the child nutrition programs, the Senate bill includes authorization to begin a pulse crops
pilot program, whereas the House bill does not include this pilot and eliminates the “fresh”
requirement in the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program. Both bills include additional
authorizations for farm-to-school efforts.
Farm Bill Title V, Credit14
The Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (also known as the ConAct) is the permanent
statute that authorizes USDA agricultural credit and rural development programs. USDA serves
as a lender of last resort by providing direct and guaranteed loans to farmers and ranchers who are
denied direct credit by commercial lenders but have the wherewithal to repay the loan.
Both the Senate-passed (S. 954) and House-reported (H.R. 1947) farm bills in 2013 are nearly
identical to the farm bills proposed in 2012 (S. 3240 and H.R. 6083), and make relatively small
policy changes to USDA’s credit programs. Both 2013 bills give USDA discretion to recognize

14 This section was written by Jim Monke, Specialist in Agricultural Policy.
Congressional Research Service
10

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

(1) alternative legal entities to qualify for farm loans and (2) alternatives to meet a three-year
farming experience requirement; and both bills increase the maximum size of down-payment
loans.
S. 954 also updates and modernizes the ConAct’s statutory language and organizes the various
programs into separate subtitles (new Subtitle A is farm loans; Subtitle B is rural development;
Subtitle C is general provisions). Generally, most of the revised ConAct provisions are
substantially the same, but are renumbered and reorganized. The Senate-passed bill also extends
the number of years that farmers can remain eligible for direct farm operating loans, and
eliminates term limits on guaranteed operating loans. It adds local and regional food production,
including direct-to-consumer activities, to the allowed purposes for farm operating loans.
The credit title in H.R. 1947, as reported, does not restructure the ConAct nor change any term
limit provisions. However, it does create a new microloan program that is similar to a microloan
program that USDA created administratively in the past year. It also increases the percentage of a
conservation loan that can be guaranteed, and adds another lending priority for beginning
farmers, among other changes.
Other non-USDA agricultural credit programs can be part of a farm bill, but neither the House-
reported nor the Senate-passed bill makes many such changes. Both bills facilitate loans for the
purchase of highly fractionated land in Indian reservations. For the Farm Credit Act, which
governs the Farm Credit System and Farmer Mac, the Senate bill would improve the disclosure of
compensation packages for senior officers in the Farm Credit System.
Farm Bill Title VI, Rural Development15
The Rural Development titles of the 2013 House-reported (H.R. 1947) and Senate-passed (S. 954)
2013 farm bills are very similar to those of the 112th Congress (H.R. 6083, S. 3240). Like Title V,
discussed above, Title VI of S. 954 is a restructuring of the ConAct, which provides permanent
authority for USDA to carry out its portfolio of rural development programs. Title VI of H.R.
1947 makes funding authorization amendments to many existing rural development programs (at
levels mostly lower than those of the Senate bill). The House bill amends the water and waste
water direct and guaranteed loans to encourage financing by private or cooperative lenders to the
maximum extent possible. The bill also provides a 3%-5% carve-out of the Community Facilities
appropriation for technical assistance, and encourages loan guarantees. The bill also includes a
new provision directing the Secretary of Agriculture to begin collecting data on the economic
effects of the projects that USDA Rural Development funds, and directs the Secretary to develop
simplified applications for funding.
The Senate bill consolidates various rural water and wastewater assistance programs and the
Community Facilities loan and grant program into a new Rural Community Program category,
and establishes criteria for which rural communities will receive priority in making loan and grant
awards. The restructuring of the ConAct also eliminates several business programs, but
consolidates many of their objectives into a broad program of Business and Cooperative
Development grants. Separately, S. 954 provides a total of $228 million in new mandatory rural
development funding over 10 years, including funds for the Value-Added Producer Grant

15 This section was written by Tadlock Cowan, Analyst in Natural Resources and Rural Development.
Congressional Research Service
11

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

Program ($12.5 million annually for FY2014-FY2018) and the Rural Microentrepreneur
Assistance Program ($3.0 million annually for FY2014-FY2018), and $150 million in mandatory
spending for pending rural development loans and grants. The House bill increases mandatory
spending by $96 million over 10 years including $50 million more for the Value-Added Producer
Grant program over 10 years, and an additional $46 million for Rural Economic Development
Loans and Grants.
S. 954 retains the definition of “rural” and “rural area” for purposes of program eligibility and
makes it the basis for all rural development programs. The definition of “rural area” for electric
and telephone programs would be eliminated by S. 954, and the definition becomes the same as
for other rural programs. The bill retains the 2008 farm bill provision permitting communities that
might otherwise be ineligible for USDA Rural Development funding to petition USDA to
designate their communities as “rural in character,” thereby making them eligible for program
support. S. 954 also eliminates the existing statutory definition of “rural” and “rural areas” for
water and waste water programs and community facilities, but permits areas currently deemed as
rural to remain eligible for these programs, unless USDA determines that they are no longer
“rural in character.” The Senate bill also amends the definition of rural area in the 1949 Housing
Act so that areas deemed rural between 2000 and 2010 would retain that designation until USDA
receives data from the 2020 decennial census. The provision also raises the population threshold
for eligibility from 25,000 to 35,000.
Included in both the House and Senate bills is reauthorization of funding for programs under the
Rural Electrification Act of 1936, including the Access to Broadband Telecommunications
Services in Rural Areas Program and the Distance Learning and Telemedicine Program. The
Senate bill also establishes a new grant program for the Access to Broadband
Telecommunications Services in Rural Areas Program in addition to its current loan guarantee
program. The Senate bill also creates a new pilot program for “ultra-high speed” broadband
connectivity. The Delta Regional Authority and the Northern Great Plains Regional Authority are
reauthorized by both bills, but the Senate bill makes various technical changes to the
organizational structure and operation of the two authorities.
Farm Bill Title VII, Research, Extension, and Related Matters16
USDA is authorized under various laws to conduct agricultural research at the federal level, and
provides support for cooperative research, extension, and post-secondary agricultural education
programs in the states. Both the Senate-passed (S. 954) and the House-reported (H.R. 1947) 2013
farm bills reauthorize funding for these activities through FY2018, subject to annual
appropriations, and amend authority so that only competitive grants can be awarded under certain
programs.
In both bills, mandatory funding is increased for the Specialty Crop Research Initiative ($416
million over 10 years in the Senate bill and $555 million in the House bill) and the Organic
Agricultural Research and Extension Initiative ($80 million over 10 years in the Senate bill and
$100 million in the House bill). Also, mandatory funding is continued for the Beginning Farmer
and Rancher Development Program in both the Senate bill ($85 million) and House bill ($100
million).

16 This section was written by Dennis A. Shields, Specialist in Agricultural Policy.
Congressional Research Service
12

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

New in S. 954 is mandatory funding of $200 million to establish the Foundation for Food and
Agriculture Research, a nonprofit corporation designed to supplement USDA’s basic and applied
research activities. It will solicit and accept private donations to award grants for collaborative
public/private partnerships with scientists at USDA and in academia, nonprofits, and the private
sector.
Farm Bill Title VIII, Forestry17
General forestry legislation is within the jurisdiction of the Agriculture Committees, and past
farm bills have included provisions addressing forestry assistance, especially on private lands.
Both the House-reported (H.R. 1947) and Senate-passed (S. 954) farm bills generally repeal,
reauthorize, and modify existing programs and provisions under two main authorities: the
Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act (CFAA), as amended, and the Healthy Forests Restoration
Act of 2003 (HFRA), as amended.
Most federal forestry assistance programs are permanently authorized, and thus do not require
reauthorization in the farm bill. The House-reported bill, however, amends several forestry
assistance programs by replacing their permanent authority to receive annual appropriations of
such sums as necessary with a set level of appropriations through FY2018. The Senate-passed bill
limits permanent authority for one program. Both bills repeal programs that have expired or have
never received appropriations. Both bills also include provisions that address the management of
the national forest system. For example, both bills include provisions reauthorizing stewardship
contracting, requiring revised strategic plans for forest inventory and analysis, and adding
alternatives for addressing insect infestations and disease. The House bill also includes provisions
to modify the existing public notice, comment, and appeals process for land and resource
management plans and projects.
Farm Bill Title IX, Energy18
USDA renewable energy programs have been used to incentivize research, development, and
adoption of renewable energy projects, including solar, wind, and anaerobic digesters. However,
the primary focus of USDA renewable energy programs has been to promote U.S. biofuels
production and use. Cornstarch-based ethanol dominates the U.S. biofuels industry. The 2008
farm bill attempted to refocus U.S. biofuels policy initiatives in favor of non-corn feedstocks,
especially the development of the cellulosic biofuels industry. The most critical programs to this
end are the Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP), which assists farmers in developing
nontraditional crops for use as feedstocks for the eventual production of cellulosic biofuels, and
the Renewable Energy for America Program (REAP) which has funded a variety of biofuels-
related projects including the installation of blender pumps to help circumvent the emerging
blend wall that could potentially circumscribe domestic ethanol consumption near current levels
of about 13 billion gallons.19

17 This section was written by Katie Hoover, Analyst in Natural Resources Policy.
18 This section was written by Randy Schnepf, Specialist in Agricultural Policy.
19 The blend wall represents a ceiling on domestic ethanol consumption at 10% of the nation’s transportation supply of
gasoline-like fuels based on vehicle and infrastructure (fuel storage tanks, retail pumps, etc.) limitations. For more
information, see CRS Report R40155, Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): Overview and Issues.
Congressional Research Service
13

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

All of the major Title IX energy programs expire at the end of FY2013 and lack baseline funding
going forward. Both the Senate-passed (S. 954) and House-reported (H.R. 1947) bills extend
most of the renewable energy provisions of Title IX, with the exception of the Rural Energy Self-
Sufficiency Initiative, the Forest Biomass for Energy Program, the Biofuels Infrastructure Study,
and the Renewable Fertilizer Study which are either omitted or explicitly repealed by both bills.
In addition, S. 954 omits the Repowering Assistance Program. The primary difference between
the House and Senate bills is in the source of funding. Over their 5-year reauthorization period
(FY2014-2018), the Senate bill contains a total of $880 million in new mandatory funding and
authorizes $1.140 billion in appropriations for the various Title IX programs. In contrast, H.R.
1947 contains no mandatory funding for Title IX programs, while authorizing $1.405 billion over
the 5 years, subject to annual appropriations. In addition, the House bill eliminates all support for
the collection, harvest, storage, and transportation (CHST) component of BCAP, severely limiting
its potential effectiveness as an incentive to produce cellulosic feedstocks.
Farm Bill Title X, Horticulture20
The horticulture titles of both S. 954, as passed, and H.R. 1947, as reported, reauthorize many of
the existing farm bill provisions supporting farming operations in the specialty crop and certified
organic sectors. CBO estimates a total increase in mandatory spending of $197 million (FY2014-
FY2018) for Title X in the Senate-passed bill and $279 million in the House-reported bill. Many
Title X provisions fall into the categories of marketing and promotion; organic certification; data
and information collection; pest and disease control; food safety and quality standards; and local
foods. The House bill also includes provisions that are not in the Senate bill that would provide
exemptions from certain regulatory requirements under some laws, such as the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Endangered Species
Act. (Neither bill includes a provision that was in last year’s House version of the farm bill (H.R.
6083) that would have significantly changed the deregulation process of genetically engineered
plants.)
Provisions affecting the specialty crop and certified organic sectors are not limited to Title X, but
are contained within several other titles of the farm bill. These include programs in the research,
nutrition, and trade titles, among others. Both the House and Senate bills reauthorize (and in some
cases provide for increased funding for) several key programs benefitting specialty crop
producers, including the Specialty Crop Block Grant Program, plant pest and disease programs,
USDA’s Market News for specialty crops, the Specialty Crop Research Initiative (SCRI), and also
the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (Snack Program) and Section 32 purchases for fruits and
vegetables under the Nutrition title. Both bills also reauthorize most programs benefitting
certified organic agriculture producers, including continued support for USDA’s National Organic
Program (NOP) and development of crop insurance mechanisms for organic producers, Organic
Production and Market Data Initiatives (ODI), and research programs such as the Organic
Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative (OREI) and the Organic Transitions Program
(ORG) under the Integrated Research, Education, and Extension Competitive Grants Program.
Both bills would give USDA authority to consider an application for a research and promotion
order (or “checkoff” program) by the organic sector. One exception is that the House bill would
repeal the National Organic Certification Cost Share Program (NOCCSP), while the Senate
would maintain that program.

20 This section was written by Renée Johnson, Specialist in Agricultural Policy.
Congressional Research Service
14

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

Programs in other farm bill titles benefitting specialty crop and certified organic producers also
include the Value-Added Producer Grant Program, Technical Assistance for Specialty Crops
(TASC), the Market Access Program (MAP), and most conservation programs (including
assistance specifically for organic producers), among other programs, within the crop insurance,
credit, and miscellaneous titles.
Title X and other titles in both the House-reported and Senate-passed bills also include provisions
that would expand opportunities for local food systems and also beginning farmers and ranchers.
For example, both bills reauthorize and expand the scope and overall funding for USDA’s
farmers’ market program, which would be renamed the Farmers’ Market and Local Food
Promotion Program. Other provisions supporting local food producers are within the research,
nutrition, and rural development titles, among others.
Farm Bill Title XI, Crop Insurance21
Both the House-reported (H.R. 1947) and the Senate-passed (S. 954) 2013 farm bills increase
funding for crop insurance relative to baseline levels by an additional $5.0 billion over 10 years in
the Senate bill and $8.9 billion in the House bill. The crop insurance title modifies the existing
federal crop insurance program, which is permanently authorized by the Federal Crop Insurance
Act. The federal crop insurance program makes available subsidized crop insurance to producers
who purchase a policy to protect against individual farm losses in yield, crop revenue, or whole
farm revenue. More than 100 crops are insurable.
With cotton not covered by the counter-cyclical price or revenue programs established in Title I
of both bills, a new crop insurance policy called Stacked Income Protection Plan (STAX) is made
available in both bills for cotton producers. The STAX policy indemnifies losses in county
revenue of greater than 10% of expected revenue but not more than the deductible level (e.g.,
25%) selected by the producer for the underlying individual policy (or not more than 30% if used
as stand-alone policy). Similarly, for other crops, both bills make available an additional policy
(i.e., not stand-alone) called Supplemental Coverage Option (SCO), based on expected county
yields or revenue, to cover part of the deductible under the producer’s underlying policy (referred
to as a farmer’s out-of-pocket loss or “shallow loss”). The farmer subsidy as a share of the policy
premium is set at 80% for STAX and 65% for SCO.
Additional crop insurance changes in both bills are designed to expand or improve crop insurance
for other commodities, including specialty crops. Provisions in both bills revise the value of crop
insurance for organic crops to reflect prices of organic (not conventional) crops. The bills require
USDA to conduct more research on whole farm revenue insurance with higher coverage levels
than currently available. Studies are also required on insuring (1) specialty crop producers for
food safety and contamination-related losses, (2) swine producers for a catastrophic disease event,
(3) producers of catfish against reduction in the margin between the market prices and production
costs, (4) commercial poultry production against business disruptions caused by integrator
bankruptcy, (5) poultry producers for a catastrophic event, and (6) producers of biomass sorghum
or sweet sorghum grown as feedstock for renewable energy. (In the Senate bill, an adopted floor
amendment requires a study for alfalfa insurance.) A peanut revenue insurance product also is

21 This section was written by Dennis A. Shields, Specialist in Agricultural Policy.
Congressional Research Service
15

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

mandated. A provision in S. 954 makes payments available to producers who purchase private-
sector index weather insurance, which insures against specific weather events and not actual loss.
For conservation purposes, a provision in Title XI of S. 954 reduces crop insurance subsidies and
noninsured crop disaster assistance for the first four years of planting on native sod acreage. The
same provision in the House bill would apply only to the Prairie Pothole National Priority Area
(i.e., portions of Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota). In Title II of the
Senate bill only (Sec. 2609), crop insurance premium subsidies are available only if producers are
in compliance with wetland conservation requirements and conservation requirements for highly
erodible land.
In the 2012 farm bill passed by the Senate in the 112th Congress, an amendment was adopted
during floor debate to reduce crop insurance premium subsidies by 15 percentage points for
producers with average adjusted gross income greater than $750,000. In 2013, the Senate
Agriculture Committee-reported version of S. 954 did not include the provision, but an
amendment to S. 954 requiring the subsidy reduction was adopted on the Senate floor by a vote of
59-33. Also in Senate floor action, an amendment to provide mandatory funding of $5 million to
maintain crop insurance program integrity was adopted without dissent, 94-0, and an amendment
to eliminate premium subsidies for tobacco crop insurance was defeated (44-72).
Farm Bill Title XII, Miscellaneous22
Title XII of S. 954, as passed by the Senate, and H.R. 1947, as reported, includes provisions that
cover three areas: socially disadvantaged and limited-resource producers; livestock; and other
miscellaneous.
Both bills extend authority for outreach and technical assistance programs for socially
disadvantaged farmer and ranchers. They also add military veteran farmers and ranchers as a
qualifying group. The bills also create a policy research center to develop policy
recommendations for socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers. In addition, the bills establish
a military veterans agricultural liaison within USDA to advocate for and to provide information to
veterans. Both bills reauthorize funding for the USDA Office of Advocacy and Outreach, which
assists socially disadvantaged and veteran farmers and ranchers, and establish an Office of Tribal
Relations to coordinate USDA activities with Native American tribes.
Both S. 954 and H.R. 1947 make available higher coverage levels under the Noninsured Crop
Assistance Programs, prohibit attendance at animal-fighting events, include clarifications of
conditions for releasing data gathered by USDA to state or local government agencies, and
include grants to promote the U.S. maple syrup industry and for technological training for farm
workers.
Within its livestock provisions, Title XII of S. 954 renews the trichinae certification and aquatic
animal health programs that were established in the 2008 farm bill; establishes a grant program

22 This section was written by Joel L. Greene, Analyst in Agricultural Policy (animal agriculture). Other contributors to
the Title XII side-by-side are Tadlock Cowan, Analyst in Natural Resources and Rural Development (socially
disadvantaged farmers); Jim Monke, Specialist in Agricultural Policy (USDA data collection); Claudia Copeland,
Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy (EPA) and Dennis A. Shields, Specialist in Agricultural Policy
(Noninsured Assistance Program)
Congressional Research Service
16

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law

for research on brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, and other priority animal diseases; sets up a grant
program to study the eradication of feral swine; and establishes a competitive grant program to
improve the sheep industry. Title XII of H.R. 1947 includes identical provisions for the trichinae
certification and aquatic animal health programs, but does not contain the grant provisions. Both
bills establish a national animal health laboratory network to enhance diagnostic capabilities and
standardize laboratory procedures.
Each bill includes different provisions on the National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP), a
cooperative industry, state, and federal program to improve poultry and poultry products. The
Senate bill requires that USDA continue to administer avian influenza (AI) surveillance through
NPIP, and meet relevant World Organization for Animal Health AI surveillance standards. The
House bill requires that USDA continue to administer the AI surveillance program without
changing the governance of the NPIP in regards to physical location and structural organization of
NPIP.
H.R. 1947 includes a provision to repeal regulations on livestock and poultry practices that USDA
finalized in December 2011, and prevents USDA from finalizing or implementing similar rules.
H.R. 1947 also repeals the 2008 farm bill provision that transferred the inspection of catfish to
USDA from the Food and Drug Administration. The House bill also requires that USDA submit
to Congress an economic analysis of the impact of the country-of-origin labeling (COOL) law
and the rule that USDA proposed in March 2013 to bring the United States into compliance with
World Trade Organization rules. H.R. 1947 reauthorizes funding for the National Sheep Industry
Improvement Center, subject to appropriations. These provisions are not included in S. 954.
Other miscellaneous provisions in Title XII of H.R. 1947, but not in S. 954, are the High Plains
Water Study which preserves 2013 farm bill benefits for participants in the study; flood protection
for the Missouri River basin; flood protection for agricultural interests in the Wallkill River and
Black Dirt region; prohibitions on closing Farm Service Agency offices with high workloads; to
include natural stone as an agricultural product for commodity promotion purposes; and a
prohibition that states may not establish production standards that would prevent interstate sales
of agricultural goods. H.R. 1947 also includes a provision that requires a regulatory review and
economic impact statement from USDA on Environmental Protection Agency proposals that
significantly impact agricultural entities; and a provision to ensure high standards for agencies’
use of scientific information.
Provisions in S. 954 that are not in H.R. 1947 include an increase in administrative expenses for
three regional development commissions that were established by the 2008 farm bill; the
establishment of a Pima Cotton Trust Fund and an Agriculture Wool Apparel Manufacturers Trust
Fund for users of pima cotton and wool; and a Citrus Disease Research and Development Trust
Fund for research on citrus disease.

Congressional Research Service
17


Provisions of the Senate-Passed (S. 954) and House Committee-Reported
(H.R. 1947) Versions of the 2013 Farm Bill, Compared with Current Law

Title I. Commodity Programs
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Direct Payments


Direct payments (DPs) are available to
Repeals direct payments. [Sec. 1101]
Identical to the Senate bill, except payments for upland
producers on farms with base acres (historical
cotton continue for crop years 2014 and 2015 with
plantings) of covered commodities (wheat, corn,

payment acres equal to 70% of base acres in 2014 and
grain sorghum, barley, oats, upland cotton, rice,
60% in 2015. [Sec. 1101]
soybeans, and other oilseeds). Covers 2008-2013
crop years. Direct payment rates are fixed in

statute and do not vary based on market price.
Payment amount = payment rate, times 85% of base
acres, times direct payment yield. (Exception:
payment acreage is 83.3% of base acres for crop
years 2009-2011. [7 U.S.C. 8713] Direct payments
for peanuts authorized separately. [7 U.S.C. 8753]
Price-Based Payments


Counter-cyclical payments (CCPs) are
Repeals counter-cyclical payments. [Sec. 1102]
Repeals counter-cyclical payments. [Sec. 1102]
available for same commodities as for direct
payments plus pulse crops. Covers 2008-2013 crop
Establishes program for adverse market payments
Establishes Price Loss Coverage (PLC) for producers
years.
(AMP) for crop years 2014-2018 for the same crops as
of commodities covered by CCPs except upland cotton.
those covered by CCPs (except upland cotton). Payment
Covers 2014-2018 crop years. Payment rate is difference
Payment rate is difference between target price in
rate is the difference between the reference price and the between reference price and national midseason market
statute and national average market price (or loan
12-month national average market price (or loan rate, if
price (or loan rate, if higher), USDA shall submit to
rate, if higher), minus the direct payment rate. [7
higher), Covered commodities are wheat, corn, grain
Congress an annual report that evaluates the impact of
U.S.C. 8714] Counter-cyclical payments for
sorghum, barley, oats, long grain rice, medium grain rice,
PLC (and RLC below) on plantings, production, prices,
peanuts authorized separately. [7 U.S.C.
pulse crops (dry peas, lentils, small chickpeas, and large
and program costs.[Sec. 1104-1107]
8754(a)(1)-(3)]
chickpeas), soybeans, other oilseeds, and peanuts. Cotton
is not covered under AMP but is eligible for the Stacked

Income Protection Plan (STAX) for producers of upland
cotton (see Title XI). USDA is required to consider
CRS-18


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
popcorn as a covered commodity. [Sections 1104-1107]
Target prices for 2013:
Reference prices:
Reference prices:
Wheat, bu., $4.17
Long grain rice, cwt., $13.30
Wheat, bu., $5.50
Corn, bu., $2.63
Medium grain rice, cwt., $13.30
Corn, bu., $3.70
Grain sorghum, bu., $2.63
Peanuts, ton, $523.77
Grain sorghum, bu., $3.95
Barley, bu., $2.63
All other covered commodities: 55% times the average
Barley, bu., $4.95
national marketing year average price for the most recent
Oats, bu., $1.79
5 crop years, excluding each of the crop years with the
Oats, bu., $2.40
Upland cotton, lb., $0.7125
highest and lowest prices.
Upland cotton, none (covered by STAX program Title XI)
Long grain rice, cwt., $10.50

Long grain rice, cwt., $14.00
Medium grain rice, cwt., $10.50

Medium grain rice, cwt., $14.00
Soybeans, bu., $6.00

(for rice, price is increased 15% for temperate japonica
rice)
Other oilseeds, cwt., $12.68

Soybeans, bu., $8.40
Dry peas, cwt., $8.32

Other oilseeds, cwt., $20.15
Lentils, cwt., $12.81

Dry peas, cwt., $11.00
Small chickpeas, cwt., $10.36

Lentils, cwt., $19.97
Large chickpeas, cwt., $12.81

Small chickpeas, cwt., $19.04
Peanuts, ton, $495

Large chickpeas, cwt., $21.54


Peanuts, ton, $535


Payment amount = Payment rate times 85% of total
Payment amount = Payment rate times 85% of
Payment amount = Payment rate times 85% of base
acres planted to crop (and 30% of acres of “prevented
base acres times counter-cyclical program yield for
acres planted to crop times existing counter-cyclical
plantings”) times existing counter-cyclical program yield
the farm (generally based on 1998-2001 data).
program yield (for rice and peanuts, yields may be
updated with 2009-2012 data). Base acres for peanuts
(or 90% of 2008-2012 average yield per planted acre).
may be updated using 2009-2012 plantings.
Payment acres cannot exceed farm base acres.
Payment is made on or after October 1 fol owing the
Payment is made on or after October 1 following the
completion of the marketing year.
completion of the marketing year.
CRS-19


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)

Revenue-Based Payments


For covered commodities and peanuts, Average
Repeals Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE)
Repeals Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE)
Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) payments are program. [Sec. 1103]
program. [Sec. 1103]
available to producers as an alternative to CCPs.
Revenue payment based on a two-part trigger: (1) if Establishes Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC)
Establishes Revenue Loss Coverage (RLC) as an
actual state revenue is less than a guaranteed state
program for crop years 2014-18 for the same crops as
alternative to PLC for crop years 2014-2018 for the same
level for the commodity, and (2) if actual farm
covered by AMP, and payment is made in addition to
crops as those under PLC. Farmers make a one-time,
revenue is less than a farm ACRE benchmark for
AMP. For ARC, producers select either farm or county
irrevocable election on a commodity-by-commodity and
the commodity. Payment amount equals the
option. The election is a one-time, irrevocable decision
farm-by-farm basis to receive RLC payment instead of
product of (1) the lesser of (a) the ACRE program
applicable to all acres under the operational control of
PLC. The program is similar to ARC but provides for only
guarantee minus actual state revenue or (b) 25% of
the producers. [Sections 1104, 1105, 1108, 1110]
a county revenue guarantee (i.e., no farm-level option).
the ACRE program guarantee, times (2) 83.3% (for
[Sections 1104, 1105, 1107, 1109]
Payments made on planted (or prevented from being
crop years 2009-2011) or 85% (2012-2013) of the
planted) acres when actual crop revenue (actual yield
Revenue loss trigger (guarantee) is based on 85% of
acreage planted of the covered commodity (not to
times higher of national farm price or reference price)
historical revenue (compared with 88% in S. 954). Actual
exceed base acres of the commodity), times (3) the
drops below 88% of the benchmark revenue (see below).
county revenue is actual county yield times the higher of
5-year Olympic average farm yield divided by the 5-
Per-acre payment rate equals the difference between per-
the midseason price or the loan rate.
year Olympic average state yield (Olympic average
acre guarantee (88% times benchmark revenue) and
drops lowest and highest year). For producers who
actual revenue. Maximum payment rate is 10% of

participate in ACRE, loan rates under the marketing benchmark revenue per acre. For benchmark revenue,
assistance loan program are reduced 30% and
farmer can elect either a farm option or county option:
direct payments are reduced by 20%. [7 U.S.C.
8715]


(1) Farm level: 5-year farm yield times 5-year average
No farm option available,
national price (averages exclude highest and lowest
years). Payment equals difference between the per-acre

guarantee and actual per-acre revenue times 65% of

eligible planted acres (and 45% of prevented-planted
acreage), or

(2) County level: 5-year county yield times 5-year
Payment is made on 85% of planted acres and 30% of
average national price (averages exclude highest and
prevented planted acres.
lowest years). Payment equals the difference between the
per-acre guarantee and actual per-acre revenue times

80% of eligible planted acres (and 45% of prevented
plantings).
CRS-20


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)

No comparable provision.
For all crops, reference prices (see PLC) are used as
minimum prices in the revenue guarantee.

Separate guarantees are to be calculated for irrigated and
Separate guarantees are to be calculated for irrigated and
nonirrigated crops and differentiated by class of sunflower nonirrigated crops.
seeds, barley (using malting prices), and wheat.

Eligible program acres cannot exceed average total acres
Payment acres capped at total farm base acres,
planted (or prevented from being planted) to covered
commodities and upland cotton on the farm during 2009-
2012.

Payment is made on or after October 1 fol owing the
Payment is made on or after October 1 following the
completion of the marketing year.
completion of the marketing year.

In combination with AMP/ARC, producers may purchase
Supplemental Coverage Option (SCO) is not available in
an additional insurance policy cal ed Supplemental
combination with RLC but may be purchased with PLC.
Coverage Option (SCO) under Title XI (crop insurance).



Nonrecourse Marketing Loans and Other Recourse Loans

Nonrecourse marketing loans are available for
General y continues current law to cover 2014-2018 crop Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1201]
any amount of a loan commodity (see list below)
years for all loan commodities (including peanuts). [Sec.
produced in crop years 2008-2013. [7 U.S.C.
1201]
8731] Nonrecourse marketing loans for peanuts
are authorized separately. [7 U.S.C. 8757]

For peanuts, nonrecourse marketing loans available
in crop years 2008-2013. May be obtained through
marketing cooperative or association approved by
USDA. Storage to be provided on a non-
discriminatory basis and under any additional
requirements. Payment of peanut storage costs
authorized for 2008-2013 crops. [7 U.S.C.
8757(a)(4)-(7)]
Loan commodities and loan rates:
Loan commodities same as current law. [Sec. 1201]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1201]
Wheat, per bushel (bu.), $2.94 ($2.75 in 2008,
For 2014-2018 crop years, loan rates same as current law
Identical to the Senate bill except the lower bound for
2009)
except for upland cotton. The loan rate for upland cotton
the upland cotton loan rate is $0.47 per pound. [Sec.
Corn, bu., $1.95
CRS-21


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Grain sorghum, bu., $1.95
is changed from $0.52 per lb. to the simple average of the
1202]
Barley, bu., $1.85
adjusted prevailing world price for the two immediately
Oats, bu., $1.33
preceding marketing years, but not less than $0.45 per
Upland cotton, lb., $0.52
pound or more than $0.52 per pound. [Sec. 1202]
Extra long staple (ELS) cotton, lb., $0.7977
Long grain rice, hundredweight (cwt.), $6.50
Medium grain rice, cwt., $6.50
Soybeans, bu., $5.00
Other oilseeds, cwt., $10.09 ($9.30 in 2008, 2009)
Dry peas, cwt., $5.40 ($6.22 in 2008)
Lentils, cwt., $11.28 ($11.72 in 2008)
Small chickpeas, cwt., $7.43
Large chickpeas, cwt., $11.28 (not applicable in
2008)
Graded wool, lb., $1.15 ($1.00 in 2008, 2009)
Nongraded wool, lb., $0.40
Mohair, lb., $4.20

Honey, lb., $0.69 ($0.60 in 2008, 2009)
[7 U.S.C. 8732 (a)(b)(c)]
Peanuts, ton, $355 [7 U.S.C. 8757(b)]
Establishes a single loan rate in each county for
each kind of “other oilseeds” [7 U.S.C. 8732(d)]
Term of loans: 9 months after the day the loan is
Same as current law. [Sec. 1203]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1203]
made; no extensions. [7 U.S.C. 8733] Same term
for peanuts. [7 U.S.C. 8757(c)]
Loan repayment: Loans may be repaid at the
Same as current law. [Sec. 1204]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1204]
lesser of (1) the loan rate plus interest, (2) a rate
based on average market prices during the
preceding 30-day period, or (3) a rate determined
by USDA that will minimize forfeitures,
accumulation of stocks, storage costs, market
impediments, and discrepancies in benefits across
states and counties. Excludes upland cotton, rice,
ELS cotton, confectionery and each other kind of
sunflower seed (other than oil sunflower seed). [7
U.S.C. 8734(a)]
Provides USDA authority to
CRS-22


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
temporarily, and on a short-term basis only, adjust
the repayment rates in the event of a severe
disruption to marketing, transportation or related
infrastructure. [7 U.S.C. 8734(h)] Similar
provisions for peanuts. [7 U.S.C. 8757(d)]
For upland cotton, long grain rice, and medium
grain rice, repayment may be at the lesser of the
loan rate plus interest, or the prevailing world price
for the commodity adjusted to U.S. quality and
location. [7 U.S.C. 8734(b)]
For ELS cotton, repayment must be at the loan rate
plus interest. [7 U.S.C. 8734(c)]
For confectionery and other kinds of sunflower
seeds (other than oil sunflower seed), loans must
be repaid at the lesser of (1) the loan rate plus
interest, or (2) the repayment rate for oil sunflower
seed. [7 U.S.C. 8734(f)]
Loan deficiency payments (LDP) are available
For 2014-2018 crop years, same as current law. [Sec.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1205]
to producers who agree to forego marketing loans.
1205]
LDP computed by multiplying the payment rate (the
amount that the loan rate exceeds the rate at
which a marketing loan may be repaid) for the
commodity times the quantity of the commodity
produced. Loan deficiency payments available for
unshorn pelts or hay and silage, even though they
are not eligible for marketing loans. ELS cotton is
not eligible. Payment rates determined using the
rate in effect as of the date that producers request
payment (producers do not need to lose beneficial
interest). [7 U.S.C. 8735] Same provision for
peanuts. [7 U.S.C. 8757(e)]
Payments in lieu of LDP for grazed acreage of
For 2014-2018 crop years, same as current law, except
Identical to the Senate bill, except payment is based on
wheat, barley, oats, or triticale. [7 U.S.C. 8736]
payment is based on yield used for Agriculture Risk
yield used for Price Loss Coverage. [Sec. 1206]
Coverage. [Sec. 1206]
CRS-23


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Special marketing loan provisions for upland
Provisions not extended.
For the period August 1, 2014, through July 31, 2019,
cotton impose a special import quota on upland
same as current law. [Sec. 1207]
cotton through July 31, 2013, when price of U.S.
cotton, delivered to a definable and significant
international market, exceeds the prevailing world
market price for 4 weeks. [7 U.S.C. 8737(a)]
Limited global import quota is imposed on upland
cotton when U.S. prices average 130% of the
previous 3-year average of U.S. prices [7 U.S.C.
8737(b)]

Economic adjustment assistance to users of
Same as current law. [Sec. 1207]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1207]
upland cotton provides assistance to domestic
users of upland cotton for uses of al cotton
regardless of origin to acquire, construct, install,
modernize, develop, convert, or expand land, plant,
buildings, equipment, facilities, or machinery. Rate
was 4¢/lb. between August 1, 2008, and July 31,
2012, and declined to 3¢/lb. effective beginning
August 1, 2012. [7 U.S.C. 8737(c)]
Special competitiveness program for ELS
Same as current law through July 31, 2019. [Sec. 1208]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1208]
cotton provides payments to domestic users and
exporters whenever the world market price for the
lowest priced ELS cotton is below the prevailing
U.S. price for a competing growth of ELS cotton for
a 4-week period; and the lowest priced competing
growth of ELS cotton is less than 134% of the loan
rate for ELS cotton. Effective through July 31, 2013.
[7 U.S.C. 8738]
Recourse loans for high moisture feed grains
For 2014-2018 crop years, same as current law. [Sec.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1209]
and seed cotton are available for farms that
1209]
normal y harvest corn or sorghum in a high
moisture condition at rates set by the USDA. For
recourse loans for seed cotton, repayment is at
loan rate plus interest. [7 U.S.C. 8739]
Adjustments of loan rates are authorized for
Same as current law. [Sec. 1210]
Nearly identical to the Senate bill except removes certain
CRS-24


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
any commodity (other than cotton) based on
mandatory provisions to quality adjustments. [Sec. 1210]
differences in grade, type, quality, location, and
other factors. Allows county loan rates as low as
95% of the U.S. average, if it does not increase
outlays; prohibits adjustments that would increase
the national average loan rate. For cotton, loan
rates may be adjusted for differences in quality
factors. [7 U.S.C. 8740]; [7 U.S.C. 8758] for
peanuts.
Conservation Compliance/Producer Agreement

Eligibility for direct payments, counter-cyclical
Same as current law, with application to the new Adverse
Same as Senate bill, with application to Price Loss
payments, or average crop revenue election
Market Payment (AMP) and Agriculture Risk Coverage
Coverage (PLC) and Revenue Loss Coverage (RLC).
payments requires producers to comply with
(ARC) programs [Sec. 1109] and continued compliance
Senate bill excludes requirement for production reports
conservation, wetland, and planting flexibility
requirement to receive benefits under the marketing
and use of crop insurance data. [Sec. 1108]
requirements; use base acres for agricultural or
assistance loan program. [Sec. 1201]
conserving use, and not for nonagricultural

commercial, industrial, or residential use; control
To receive ARC payments, producer must annually

noxious weeds and maintain sound agricultural
report data on production in addition to acreage. The
practices. Producers must submit annual acreage
Secretary is to use data reported by the producer for

reports for all cropland on the farm. [7 U.S.C.
crop insurance requirements to meet obligations for

8716 (a)] Same provision for peanuts. [7 U.S.C.
program payments without additional submissions to
8755(a)] Under Title II (Conservation) of the 2008 USDA. [Sec. 1109]
farm bill (P.L. 110-246), benefits under the

marketing loan program are subject to conservation
compliance for highly erodible land [16 U.S.C.
3811(a)(1)(A)]
and for Swampbuster [16 U.S.C.
3812(a)(1)]
.

See also Title II Conservation, whereby in order to
No comparable provision.
receive crop insurance premium subsidies, a producer
must be in compliance with conservation requirements
(within 5 years) and wetland requirements. [Sec. 2609]
Supplemental Agricultural Disaster Assistance (Funding expired on 9/30/11)

Beginning in 2008, five new disaster programs were
SURE is not reauthorized. Other four programs are
Same as Senate bill, except as identified below. [Sec.
authorized and funded for disasters occurring on or reauthorized retroactively with mandatory funding from
1501]
before 9/30/11. [7 U.S.C. 1531] Program funding
the Commodity Credit Corporation for FY2012 through
CRS-25


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
derived from a transfer of 3.08% of annual customs
FY2018. [Sec. 1501]

receipts to the newly created Agricultural Disaster
Relief Trust Fund. [19 U.S.C. 2497(a)] Under P.L.


112-240, al but SURE (below) reauthorized (but

not funded) for FY2012 and FY2013.
The five programs: (1) Supplemental Revenue
LIP payment rate is reduced from 75% to 65% of the
LIP payment rate remains at 75%.
Assistance (SURE) Payments for crops (not just
market value of livestock.
farm program crops); compensates producers for a

portion of losses that are not eligible for an
For LFP, payment is triggered by eligible forage losses,
For LFP, retains program language in 2008 farm bill. In
indemnity payment under a crop insurance policy;
which may be determined by either (1) drought
certain cases, payment amount is increased compared
(2) Livestock Indemnity Program (LIP), which
conditions as measured by the U.S. Drought Monitor
with program established in 2008 farm bill.
compensated ranchers at a rate of 75% of market
report, or (2) low precipitation (at least 50% below
value for livestock mortality caused by a disaster;
normal level in a county during a calendar year).

(3) Livestock Forage Disaster Program (LFP) for
Coverage continues for losses due to fire on public
Maximum funding for ELAP is $20 million annually.
grazing losses due to qualifying drought conditions
rangeland. LFP is to serve as the sole source of livestock
(as determined by the U.S. Drought Monitor
forage assistance, combining the livestock forage
Identical to Senate bill.
report) or fire on rangeland managed by a federal
assistance functions of ELAP and the noninsured crop
agency; (4) Emergency Assistance for Livestock,
disaster assistance program (NAP).
Honeybees, and Farm-Raised Catfish (ELAP), which

provided up to $50 million annually to compensate
producers for disaster losses not covered under
Maximum funding for ELAP is $15 million annual y.
other disaster programs; and (5) Tree Assistance

Program (TAP), which provided payments to
eligible orchardists and nursery growers to cover
TAP payment rate for replanting is reduced from 70% to
70% of the cost of replanting trees or nursery stock 65%.
and 50% of the cost of pruning/removal following a

natural disaster.
Maximum payments set at $100,000 per person per Retains the combined $100,000 per person payment limit
Combined payment limit of $125,000 per person for LIP,
year for first four programs combined. TAP has a
for LIP, LFP, and ELAP. Retains the separate limit of
LFP, and ELAP. Separate limit of $125,000 for TAP.
separate limit of $100,000.
$100,000 for TAP.
Sugar Program


Price Support and Supply Management


Requires USDA to the maximum extent practicable
Continues al features of the current program and
Identical to Senate bill. [Sec. 1301 and Section 9009]
to operate the sugar nonrecourse loan program at
maintains loan rates (18.75¢/lb. for raw cane sugar;
no net cost by avoiding loan forfeitures to the CCC 24.09¢/lb. for refined beet sugar) through the 2018 crop
CRS-26


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
(i.e., no outlays recorded). [7 U.S.C. 7272 (f), 7
year. [Sec. 1301]
U.S.C. 1359bb (b)(1), 7 U.S.C. 1359cc (b)] This is
to be accomplished by (1) limiting amount of sugar
Continues the feedstock flexibility program (i.e., sugar-to-
that processors of sugar beets and sugarcane supply ethanol program) through the 2018 crop year. [See Sec.
to the U.S. market under marketing allotments, (2)
9008 in Title IX -Energy]
restricting imports under a quota (see below), in
order to maintain market prices above levels
supported by loan rates, and (3) requiring USDA,
under specified conditions, to operate the
feedstock flexibility program for bioenergy
producers (i.e., sugar-to-ethanol program). [7
U.S.C. 1359aa et seq., 7 U.S.C. 8110]

Increases in stages raw cane sugar loan rate from
18.0¢/lb. in FY2009 to 18.75¢/lb. in FY2012, and
refined beet sugar loan rate from 22.9¢/lb. in
FY2009 to 24.09¢/lb. in FY2012. Continues other
provisions found in prior law. [7 U.S.C. 7272 (a, b,
c, d, e, g, h, i)]

Limits amount of sugar for food that processors
can sell each year (equal to a national “overall
al otment quantity” (OAQ) divided between
sugarcane and sugar beet sectors, and then
allocated to individual processors). Requires USDA
each year to set the OAQ at not less than 85% of
estimated U.S. human consumption. [7 U.S.C.
1359aa-1359jj, 1359ll]

Import Quotas


For each marketing year, requires USDA by
Same as current law.
Same as current law.
October 1 to set the initial sugar import quota at
1.256 mil. short tons – the minimum spelled out in

a U.S. multilateral trade commitment to other
World Trade Organization member countries.
Stipulates that this quota can only be raised before
the midpoint of the year (April 1) in case of an
emergency sugar shortage caused by a weather
CRS-27


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
disaster, war, or a similar event determined by the
Secretary, and specifies the steps that must be
followed to increase imports in the event of such a
shortage. For each marketing year, grants USDA
discretionary authority to increase the sugar quota
beginning on April 1. [7 U.S.C. 1359 kk]
Dairy Programs


Repeal or Reauthorization of Dairy Programs


Dairy Product Price Support Program.
Repealed. [Sec. 1471(a)]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1481(a)]
Mandates the direct support of cheese, nonfat dry
milk, and butter at specified prices for five years
(through December 31, 2012). Specifies minimum
purchase prices of: block cheese, $1.13/lb.; barrel
cheese, $1.10/lb.; butter, $1.05/lb.; and nonfat dry
milk, $0.80/lb (same levels previously used to
support the farm price of milk at $9.90 per
hundred lbs. or hundredweight (cwt.)) Al ows
USDA sale of acquired products when market
prices rise to 110% of purchase price. Al ows
reduction of mandated purchase prices when
USDA acquisitions exceed specified levels. Expires
on December 31, 2013. [7 U.S.C. 8771]
Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) Program.
Extended temporarily through June 30, 2014, using the
Repealed. [Sec. 1481(b)]
MILC is a counter-cyclical payment program. When
45% rate rather than reverting to the 34% rate for
the monthly farm price of fluid milk fal s below
calculating the payment rate. Effective July 1, 2014, MILC
$16.94/cwt., all dairy farmers are paid an amount
is repealed. [Sec. 1471(b)]
equal to 45% of the difference between $16.94 and
the lower market price. Payments per farm are
limited to 2.985 million lbs. of annual production.
For the month of September 2013, the payment
factor and the payment quantity are 34% and 2.4
million pounds, respectively. The $16.94/cwt.
threshold price must be adjusted upward whenever
feed costs are above $7.35/cwt. Beginning on
September 1, 2013, the Nat’l. Avg. Dairy Feed
CRS-28


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Ration Cost trigger rises from $7.35/cwt. to
$9.50/cwt. MILC program expires September 30,
2013. [7 U.S.C. 8773]
Dairy Export Incentive Program. Provides cash Repealed. [Sec. 1472]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1482]
bonus payments to U.S. dairy exporters, subject to
World Trade Organization obligations to limit
export subsidies. Intended to counter foreign
(mostly EU) dairy subsidies. Expires September 30,
2013. [15 U.S.C. 713a-14]
Dairy Forward Pricing Program. Authorizes a
Extended through FY2018. Al ows for new contracts until
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1483]
dairy forward pricing program. Prices paid by milk
September 30, 2018, but no contract can extend beyond
handlers under the contracts are deemed to satisfy
September 30, 2021. [Sec. 1473]
the minimum price requirements of federal milk
marketing orders. Applies only to milk purchased
for manufactured products (Classes II, III, and IV),
and excludes milk purchased for fluid consumption
(Class I). Expires on September 30, 2013.
[7 U.S.C. 8772]
Dairy Indemnity Program. Authorizes
Extended through FY2018. [Sec. 1474]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1484]
payments to dairy farmers when a public regulatory
agency directs removal of their raw milk from the
market because of contamination by pesticides,
nuclear radiation or fal out, or toxic substances and
other chemical residues. Expires December 31,
2013. [7 U.S.C. 4501]
Dairy Promotion and Research Program. The Extended through FY2018. [Sec. 1475]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1485]
Dairy Producer Stabilization Act of 1983 authorized
a generic dairy product promotion, research, and
nutrition education program, funded by a
mandatory $0.15/cwt assessment on milk
produced/marketed in the 48 contiguous states.
Importers in all 50 states, the District of Columbia,
and Puerto Rico must also pay an assessment rate
of $0.075/cwt. on imported products. Authorizes
USDA to issue regulations on time and method of
CRS-29


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
importer payments. Expires September 30, 2013.
[7 U.S.C. 4504]
Federal Milk Marketing Orders. Federal milk
Requires USDA to use a specified pre-hearing procedure
No comparable provision.
marketing order rules issued by USDA place
to consider alternative formulas for Class III milk product
requirements on the first buyers or handlers of
pricing. [Sec. 1462]

milk, including paying at least minimum prices for

the milk depending on its end use. Permanent
Requires USDA to analyze (and report to Congress) the
federal authority to regulate the handling of milk
effects of replacing the use of end-product price formulas
No comparable provision.
was first provided in the Agricultural Adjustment
with other pricing alternatives. [Sec. 1481]
Act of 1933, and subsequently revised by the
Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, as
amended. FMMOs are established under permanent
authority and do not need periodic reauthorization.
[7 U.S.C. 601 et seq]
Federal Milk Marketing Order Review
Provides an option for funding from sources other than
Repealed. [Sec. 1486]
Commission. As established by the 2008 farm bill annual appropriations. [Sec. 1476]
[Sec. 1509], the FMMO Review Commission is
mandated to conduct a comprehensive review and
evaluation of (1) FMMO system, and (2) non-
FMMO systems.
Dairy Market Transparency


Dairy Product Mandatory Reporting. Dairy
Requirements are added that specify a reporting
No comparable provision.
Market Enhancement Act of 2000 requires
periodicity that is more frequent than once per month.
manufacturers to report to USDA the price,
[Sec. 1461]
quantity, and moisture content of dairy products
sold. The 2008 farm bill [Sec. 1510] authorizes
USDA to establish an electronic reporting system
(subject to available funds), after which increased
frequency in mandatory reporting of dairy product
sales would be required. Provides for quarterly
audits of submitted information and comparison
with related dairy market statistics.
[7 U.S.C. 1637b]
CRS-30


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Definitions

No comparable provision.
Actual Dairy Production Margin: difference between
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1401(1)]
the all-milk price and the average feed cost. [Sec.
1401(1)]

No comparable provision.
All-Milk Price: the national average price received, per
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1401(2)]
cwt. of milk, by dairy operations. [Sec. 1401(2)]
No comparable provision.
Average Feed Cost: the average price paid for feed
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1401(4)]
used by a dairy operation to produce a cwt. of milk, as
determined by the formula—1.0728 x (corn price per bu.)
+ 0.00735 x (soybean meal price per ton) + 0.0137 x
(alfalfa hay price per ton). [Sec. 1401(4)]

Corn and alfalfa hay prices are monthly prices received as
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1402(a)]
reported by USDA in Agricultural Prices. The soybean
meal price is the monthly price for central Illinois as
reported by USDA in Market News. [Sec. 1402(a)]
No comparable provision.
Consecutive 2-Month Period: the six 2-month
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1401(6)]
periods of Jan.-Feb., Mar.-Apr., May-June, July-Aug., Sep.-
Oct., and Nov.-Dec. [Sec. 1401]
No comparable provision.
Calculation of Actual Dairy Production Margin for
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1402b(1)]
the Production Margin Protection Program: the
margin is calculated for each 2-month period as the
difference between the 2-month average all-milk price and
the 2-month average feed cost. [Sec. 1402b(1)]
No comparable provision.
Calculation of Actual Dairy Production Margin for
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1402b(2)]
the Dairy Market Stabilization Program: the margin
is calculated for each individual month as the difference
between the preceding month’s average all-milk price and
the preceding month’s average feed cost.
[Sec. 1402b(2)]



CRS-31


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Dairy Production Margin Protection Program (DPMPP)
No comparable provision.
Dairy Production Margin Protection Program
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sections 1411 and 1462]
(DPMPP). Establishes a dairy production margin
protection program with two components: basic margin
protection and supplemental margin protection. [Sec.
1411]
The margin protection program ends on
December 31, 2018. [Sec. 1451]
No comparable provision.
Participation in DPMPP. All dairy producers are
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1412]
eligible to participate, but must make an election within
15 months after initiation of sign-up period, whereas new
dairy producers must make an election during the one-
year period after their first milk is marketed
commercially. A dairy operation may elect to remain in
MILC during temporary extension through June 30, 2013,
or to participate in DPMPP, but not both. Dairy
producers that elect MILC may at any time make a
permanent transfer to DPMPP. [Sec. 1412]

An annual administration fee is required for participation
Nearly identical to the Senate bill, except that the annual
in DPMPP as follows: $100 if (milk production) < 1million
administration fee for participation in DPMPP is as
(M) lbs.; $250 if 1M lbs. to 5M lbs.; $350 if > 5M lbs. and
fol ows: $100 if (milk production) < 1million (M) lbs.;
< 10M lbs.; $1,000 if > 10M lbs. and < 40M lbs.; and
$250 if 1M lbs. to 10M lbs.; $500 if > 10M lbs. and < 40M
$2,500 if > 40M lbs. This provision also details deposit
lbs.; and $1,000 if > 40M lbs. [Sec. 1412(e)]
and use of the fees and conditions for denial of program
benefits. [Sec. 1412(e)]
No comparable provision.
Basic Production History. Under basic margin
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1413(a)]
protection, the highest annual milk marketings of the
dairy operation during any one of the 3 preceding
calendar years. Special provisions are made for new dairy
operations. Once established, the basic production
history does not change over succeeding years. [Sec.
1413(a)]

No comparable provision.
Annual Production History. Under supplemental
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1413(b)]
margin protection, the actual milk marketings of the dairy
operation during the preceding calendar year.

CRS-32


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
[Sec. 1413(b)]

Special provisions are made for new dairy operations, and Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1413(d-e)]
for transfer or movement of production history.
[Sec. 1413(d-e)]
No comparable provision.
Basic Production Margin Protection (BPMP). A
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1414]
payment is made to participating dairy operations
whenever the 2-month average actual dairy production
margin is less than $4.00/cwt. The BPMP payment
rate
equals the amount that the margin is below
$4.00/cwt. (up to a value of $4.00) and is paid on the
lesser of: (80% of the Basic Production History)/6 or
the actual quantity of milk marketed during the 2-month
period. [Sec. 1414]
No comparable provision.
Supplemental Production Margin Protection
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1415(a)]
(SPMP). A participating dairy operation may annually
purchase SPMP to protect additional margin beyond the
basic $4.00/cwt. [Sec. 1415(a)]
No comparable provision.
The optional SPMP Coverage Level is available in
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1415(b)]
$0.50/cwt. increments up to $8.00/cwt. of total margin
protection. [Sec. 1415(b)]
No comparable provision.
A participating dairy operation also must elect a
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1415(c)]
percentage of SPMP coverage equal to not more
than 90%, nor less than 25% of the Annual Production
History
of the dairy operation. [Sec. 1415(c)]
No comparable provision.
In addition to the annual administration fee for BPMP, an
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1415d(1)]
annual premium for SPMP must be paid equal to the
product of the coverage percentage, the annual
production history, and the SPMP premium rate per cwt.
of milk. [Sec. 1415d(1)]
The
SPMP premium rate schedule varies based on
Nearly identical to the Senate bill, except that the SPMP
scale of operations and the level of selected coverage.
premium rate schedule varies slightly. For the first 4
For the first 4 million lbs. of milk marketings the premium
million lbs. of milk marketings the premium per cwt. is
per cwt. is $0.01 for $4.50 margin coverage; $0.02 for
$0.01 for $4.50 margin coverage; $0.025 for $5.00; $0.04
$5.00; $0.035 for $5.50; $0.045 for $6.00; $0.09 for
for $5.50; $0.065 for $6.00; $0.09 for $6.50; $0.434 for
CRS-33


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
$6.50; $0.40 for $7.00; $0.60 for $7.50; and $0.95 for
$7.00; $0.59 for $7.50; and $0.922 for $8.00. In excess of
$8.00. In excess of 4 million lbs. the premium per cwt. is:
4 million lbs. the premium per cwt. is: $0.015 for $4.50
$0.02 for $4.50 margin coverage; $0.04 for $5.00; $0.10
margin coverage; $0.036 for $5.00; $0.081 for $5.50;
for $5.50; $0.15 for $6.00; $0.29 for $6.50; $0.62 for
$0.155 for $6.00; $0.23 for $6.50; $0.434 for $7.00; $0.59
$7.00; $0.83 for $7.50; and $1.06 for $8.00.
for $7.50; and $0.922 for $8.00. [Sec. 1415d(2-3)]
[Sec. 1415d(2-3)]

The SPMP premium is pro-rated for new dairy producers
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1415(e)]
and maybe waived in the case of death, retirement,
permanent dissolution, or other circumstances as judged
by USDA. [1415(e)]
No comparable provision.
An SPMP payment is triggered whenever the average
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1415(f)]
actual dairy production margin for a 2-month period is
less than the SPMP Coverage Level selected by the dairy
operation. An SPMP payment, if warranted by market
conditions, is in addition to the BPMP payment.
[Sec. 1415(f)]
No comparable provision.
The SPMP payment rate per cwt. is equal to the
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1415(g)]
difference between the selected SPMP coverage level and
the greater of either $4.00 or the average margin for the
2-month period. The total payment equals the SPMP
payment rate x the percentage of coverage selected x the
lesser of: (SMP production history)/6 or the actual milk
marketings during the 2-month period. [Sec. 1415(g)]
No comparable provision.
Rules are established for failure of a producer to pay the

BPMP administrative fee or SPMP premiums. [Sec. 1416]
Dairy Market Stabilization Program (DMSP)

No comparable provision.
Dairy Market Stabilization Program (DMSP).
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sections 1431 and 1462]
Establishes a new program applicable for the purpose of
balancing the supply of milk with demand (via reduced
payments on milk marketings) when operating margins
are low or negative. Participation in DMSP is mandatory
for all dairy producers that participate in the DPMPP.
The milk marketing volume used for determining dairy
payment reductions under the DMSP is formula-based
CRS-34


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
comparing shares of actual milk marketings with the
producer’s Stabilization Program Base. At signup in
the DPMPP, participating dairy producers elect the
calculation method of the Stabilization Program Base
for their dairy operation as either—(A) the average
volume of monthly milk marketings during the 3
preceding months, or (B) the volume of monthly milk
marketings for the same month in the preceding year.
[Sec. 1431] The market stabilization program ends on
December 31, 2018. [Sec. 1451]
No comparable provision.
DMSP Implementation Threshold. When either:
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1432]
(A) the actual dairy production margin is $6.00/cwt. or
less for each of the 2 preceding months, or (B) actual
dairy production margin is $4.00/cwt. or less for the
preceding one month; then reduced payments on milk
marketings under the DMSP are in effect beginning the 1st
day of the month immediately fol owing the threshold
trigger as announced by USDA. [Sec. 1432]
No comparable provision.
Producer Milk Marketing Information. Requires
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1433]
USDA to establish, by regulation, a process to collect
from participating dairy producers and handlers such
information as necessary for each month during which
DMSP is in effect. [Sec. 1433]
No comparable provision.
Calculation of DMSP Payment Reductions. During
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1434]
any month in which the milk payment reductions are in
effect, each handler shall reduce milk payments to each
participating dairy producer from whom the handler
receives milk according to the formula:
(A) Reduction Requirement 1: if the actual dairy
production margin per cwt. is < $6.00, but > $5.00 for 2
consecutive months, then payment reductions are based
on the greater of: (a) 98% of the Stabilization Program
Base, or (b) 94% of the actual milk marketings for the
month;
(B) Reduction Requirement 2: if the actual dairy
CRS-35


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
production margin per cwt. is < $5.00, but > $4.00 for 2
consecutive months, then payment reductions are based
on the greater of: (a) 97% of the Stabilization Program
Base, or (b) 93% of the actual milk marketings for the
month;

(C) Reduction Requirement 3: if the actual dairy
production margin per cwt. is < $4.00 for any one month,
then payment reductions are based on the greater of: (a)
96% of the Stabilization Program Base, or (b) 92% of the
actual milk marketings for the month.
Once the DMSP has been initiated, the largest level of
payment reduction required under (A)-(C) shall be
continued monthly until the stabilization program is
suspended. However, no payment reduction is made if
the dairy operation’s milk marketings are < the applicable
percentage of the Stabilization Program Base. [Sec. 1434]

Use of Funds from Payment Reductions under

DMSP. The funds obtained from reduced payments to
dairy producers for their milk marketings shall be
remitted to USDA where they shall be used to purchase
dairy products for donation to food banks and other
programs with an end goal of expanding consumption and
building demand for dairy products. USDA shall submit a
report at the end of each year to the House and Senate
Agriculture Committees concerning the funds received,
expenditures, and the impact of the DMSP. [Sec. 1435]
No comparable provision.
Suspension Thresholds of DMSP Payment
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1436(b)]
Reductions. DMSP is suspended under any of the
following market conditions:

(1) the actual dairy production margin is > $6.00/cwt. for
2 consecutive months;
(2) the actual dairy production margin is < $6.00/cwt. (but
> $5.00/cwt.) for 2 consecutive months, but during that
CRS-36


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
same period either (A) the U.S. price for cheddar cheese
is > the world price for cheddar cheese, or (B) the U.S.
price for nonfat dry milk (NFDM) is > the world price for
NFDM;
(3) the actual dairy production margin is < $5.00/cwt. (but
> $4.00/cwt.) for 2 consecutive months, but during that
same period either (A) the U.S. price for cheddar cheese
is > 105% of the world price for cheddar cheese, or (B)
the U.S. price for NFDM is > 105% of the world price for
NFDM; or
(4) the actual dairy production margin is < $4.00/cwt. for
2 consecutive months, but during that same period either
(A) the U.S. price for cheddar cheese is > 107% of the
world price for cheddar cheese, or (B) the U.S. price for
NFDM is > 107% of the world price for NFDM.
Once DMSP has been suspended, it may not be resumed
until at least 2 months have passed (starting on the 1st day
of the fol owing month), and the conditions of Sec. 1432
are met again. [Sec. 1436(b)]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Enhanced Suspension Thresholds for DMSP. Such
thresholds are included whereby, if the stabilization
program (DMSP) is not suspended according to Sec.
1436(b) for 6 consecutive months, then DMSP may be
suspended whenever any of the fol owing market
conditions are met:
(1) the actual dairy production margin is > $6.00/cwt. for
2 consecutive months;
(2) the actual dairy production margin is < $6.00/cwt. (but
> $5.00/cwt.) for 2 consecutive months, but during that
same period either (A) the U.S. price for cheddar cheese
is > 97% of the world price for cheddar cheese, or (B)
the U.S. price for nonfat dry milk (NFDM) is > 97% of
the world price for NFDM;
(3) the actual dairy production margin is < $5.00/cwt. (but
CRS-37


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
> $4.00/cwt.) for 2 consecutive months, but during that
same period either (A) the U.S. price for cheddar cheese
is > 103% of the world price for cheddar cheese, or (B)
the U.S. price for NFDM is > 103% of the world price for
NFDM; or
(4) the actual dairy production margin is < $4.00/cwt. for
2 consecutive months, but during that period either (A)
the U.S. price for cheddar cheese is > 106% of the world
price for cheddar cheese, or (B) the U.S. price for NFDM
is > 106% of the world price for NFDM. [Sec. 1436(c)]
No comparable provision.
Enforcement. Provisions for enforcing DMSP are
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1437]
specified. [Sec. 1437]
No comparable provision.
Audit Requirements. Provisions for auditing
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1438]
participating dairy operations and for ensuring handler
compliance in the DMSP are specified. [Sec. 1438]
Standard rulemaking procedures generally require
No comparable provision.
Special Rulemaking Requirements. As reported by
federal agencies to issue notices and take
the House Agriculture Committee, the DPMPP and
comments on proposed rules. [5 U.S.C. 553(b)]
DMSP would have been exempt from standard
rulemaking procedures. The House Judiciary Committee
reported the bill with an amendment that deletes the
exemption. Instead, the Secretary is required to
promulgate interim rules (rules issued without prior
notice and comment) for the stabilization program within
nine months of enactment. The Secretary is authorized
(but not required) to issue interim rules for the margin
protection program. Final rules shall be published for
both programs within 21 months of enactment. In issuing
the interim and final rules for the dairy stabilization
program, the Secretary is required to include an
assessment of the impact of the two new programs on
dairy markets, as specified. [Sec. 1461]
No comparable provision.
Study and Report on DMSP. Mandates that the
No comparable provision.
Office of the Chief Economist, USDA, undertake a study
of the impact of the DMSP on both the dairy product
value chain and the competitiveness of the U.S. dairy
CRS-38


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
industry in international markets. Study results should be
submitted as a report to the House and Senate
Agriculture Committees by December 1, 2017. [Sec.
1439]

Administrative Provisions

Payment Limitations

Establishes the maximum amount of payments per
Establishes a limit on Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC)
Establishes a limit on the sum of Price Loss Coverage and
year to a person or legal entity for the sum of all
and adverse market payments, and reinstates limits on
Revenue Loss Coverage payments. Continues no limits on
covered commodities, except peanuts. Peanuts
marketing loan gains and LDPs.
marketing loans/LDPs. For upland cotton, applies a limit
have a separate but equal payment limitation.
—ARC and adverse market payments for the sum of all
on direct payments within the total payment limit.
—Direct payments: $40,000
covered commodities except peanuts: $50,000
—PLC and RLC payments for the sum of all covered
—Direct payments under ACRE: $40,000 minus
—ARC and adverse market payments for peanuts:
commodities except peanuts, and direct payments for
the reduction required for an ACRE participant.
$50,000
upland cotton in 2014 and 2015 crop years: $125,000
—Counter-cyclical payments: $65,000
—Marketing loan gains/LDP for sum of all commodities
—Direct payments for upland cotton in 2014 and 2015
—ACRE payments: $65,000 plus the reduction in
except peanuts: $75,000
crop years: $40,000
the limit from the direct payment limit.
—Marketing loan gains/LDP for peanuts: $75,000 [Sec.
—PLC and RLC payments for peanuts: $125,000
—Marketing loan gains/LDP: no limit. [7 U.S.C.
1603]
—Marketing loan gains/LDP: no limit. [Sec. 1603]
1308 (a)-(d)]
Payments are attributed to a person by accounting
Continues other payment limit provisions such as direct
Continues current law.
for the direct and indirect ownership in any legal
attribution, with the exception of the definition of active
entities. Payments made directly to a person are
personal management (see below).
combined with the person’s pro rata share of
payments from a legal entity. Payments to a legal

entity cannot exceed the limits above, and are
attributed to persons. Attribution of payments to
legal entities is traced to four levels of ownership. If
a payment has not been al ocated to an individual
after four levels of ownership, the payment to the
first-level entity is reduced on a pro-rata basis. [7
U.S.C. 1308 (e)-(h)]

CRS-39


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
To be eligible for payments, persons must be
Deletes “active personal management” from the definition Continues current law.
“actively engaged” in farming. Actively engaged, in
of actively engaged in farming. Effectively requires
general, is defined as making a significant
personal labor in the farming operation to be considered
contribution of (i) capital, equipment or land, and
actively engaged. Members of legal entities collectively
(ii) personal labor or active personal management.
would need to make a significant contribution of personal
Also, profits are to be commensurate with the level labor. Adds a special class of “farm managers” that may be
of contributions, and contributions must be at risk.
considered actively engaged by providing management but
Legal entities can be actively engaged if members
not personal labor. However the Secretary would take
col ectively contribute personal labor or active
into account the size and complexity of the operation and
personal management. Special classes allow
whether such management requirements are normal y
landowners to be considered actively engaged if
needed by similar operations, A farm manager must be
they receive income based on the farm’s operating
the only person to qualify an operation, may qualify only
results, without providing labor or management,
one operation, and must manage an operation that
Spouses are considered actively engaged if the
doesn’t share resources with another that col ectively
other spouse meets the qualification. [7 U.S.C.
receives more than the payment limitations. Separately,
1308-1]
clarifies that for the special class of landowner, a
“landowner share-rents the land at a rate that is usual and
customary” and that government payments are
commensurate. [Sec. 1604]
Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) Limitation


Prohibits farm commodity program benefits to an
Eliminates the distinction between non-farm AGI and
Eliminates the distinction between non-farm AGI and
individual or entity if adjusted gross income
farm AGI, and establishes a limit on total AGI. For most
farm AGI, and establishes a limit on total AGI. For some
exceeds certain thresholds. For this purpose, AGI is individuals, this tightens the limit. For some individuals
individuals, this tightens the limit if they use most of the
divided into two parts: farm AGI and non-farm AGI. with non-farm AGI between $500,000 and $750,000, it
former $500,000 and $750,000 limits. For other
Uses a 3-year average when comparing to the limit.
may restore program eligibility if farm AGI is low. Uses a
individuals, it may restore program eligibility if AGI is
3-year average when comparing to the limit.
concentrated to either the farm or non-farm component
(e.g., non-farm AGI between $500,000 and $950,000 and
low farm AGI). Uses a 3-year average when comparing to
the limit.
—$500,000 limit on non-farm AGI to qualify for
—$750,000 limit on total AGI to qualify for and receive
—$950,000 limit on total AGI to qualify for and receive
and receive any farm commodity program benefits,
ARC and adverse market payments, marketing loan gains
PLC and RLC payments, marketing loan gains or loan
Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) program,
or loan deficiency payments, supplemental agricultural
deficiency payments, supplemental agricultural disaster
noninsured crop assistance (NAP), or disaster
disaster assistance, and noninsured crop assistance. [Sec.
assistance, noninsured crop assistance, and conservation
payments.
1605]
programs. [Sec. 1604]
—$750,000 limit on farm AGI to qualify for and
CRS-40


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
receive direct payments, but counter-cyclical, ACRE
and marketing loan benefits may continue if farm
AGI exceeds $750,000. [7 U.S.C. 1308-3a(b)(1)]
For FY2012 only, a separate, additional $1 million
AGI limit applies to direct payments [P.L. 112-55,
Sec. 745]
For conservation programs, $1 million limit on non-
Eliminates the USDA waiver authority for
Eliminates the separate AGI limit for conservation
farm AGI, unless more than 66.66% of AGI is farm
“environmentally sensitive land of special significance.”
programs, including the exception for 2/3 of AGI being
AGI. Provides USDA discretion to waive the limit
Continues $1 million limit on non-farm AGI, and the
farm AGI, and—like the Senate bill—the USDA waiver
for “environmentally sensitive land of special
exception, for conservation programs. [Sec. 2610]
authority for “environmentally sensitive land of special
significance." [7 U.S.C. 1308-3a(b)(2)]
significance.” Applies the same $950,000 total AGI limit
to the conservation programs as for the farm commodity
programs. [Sec. 1604(a)]
Other Administrative Provisions


Authorizes use of funds, facilities, and authorities of
Same as current law. [Sec. 1601]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1601]
the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) to
carry out Title I. Determinations by USDA shall be
final. Allows promulgation of regulations, and
adjusting expenditures if they will exceed allowable
support levels under the Uruguay Round
Agreements. [7 U.S.C. 8781]
Suspends the permanent price support authority of
Same as current law, except applies to 2014-2018 crop
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1602]
the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 and the
years, and milk through December 31, 2018. [Sec. 1602]
Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1949 for the 2008-
13 crops (covered commodities, peanuts, and
sugar), and for milk through December 31, 2013. [7
U.S.C. 8782]

Provides payments to “geographically disadvantaged Reauthorizes through FY2018. [Sec. 1606]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1605]
farmers” in insular areas, Alaska, and Hawaii for
transporting a commodity or input more than 30
miles. Reimbursement based on federal salary
differentials defined elsewhere, with maximum of
25% transportation cost. Authorizes $15 million of
discretionary appropriations annually for FY2009-
CRS-41


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
13. [7 U.S.C. 8792]
Exempts producers from liability for certain
Same as current law. [Sec. 1607]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1606]
deficiencies in col ateral to secure any nonrecourse
loan. [7 U.S.C. 7284]
Requires regulations that describe the
Same as current law. [Sec. 1608]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1607]
circumstances allowing payments to a deceased
person to settle an estate, and to stop payments for
those ineligible. Requires USDA to reconcile tax
identification numbers with IRS data twice a year to
determine living status. [7 U.S.C. 7284]
Any person who receives an adverse program
Adds authorization for the Assistant Secretary of
No comparable provision.
decision from USDA’s Farm Service Agency, Risk
Administration to administer law and regulations that
Management Agency, Natural Resources
relate to competitive and excepted service position in
Conservation Service, or the three USDA Rural
NAD. [Sec. 1609(a)]
Development agencies may file an appeal with the
National Appeals Division (NAD), an independent
office that reports directly to the Secretary of
Agriculture. Its mission is to provide fair and timely
hearings and appeals to USDA program
participants. [7 U.S.C. 6992]
Requires that assignment of payments must be
Same as current law. [Sec. 1611]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1609]
done in accordance with USDA regulations. [7
U.S.C. 8784]

Requires tracking of program benefits under
Same as current law. [Sec. 1612]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1610]
Commodity and Conservation titles that are made
directly or indirectly to individuals and entities. [7
U.S.C. 8785]

Requires that, if USDA approves a program
Same as current law. [Sec. 1613]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 1611]
document containing signatures of applicants, it
shall not subsequently determine it to be
inadequate or invalid unless the person signing the
document knowingly and willfully falsified the
evidence of signature authority or a signature. [7
U.S.C. 8790]

CRS-42


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Provides $50 million of mandatory funds from the
Provides $97 million of mandatory funds from the CCC
The Secretary shall make available $100 million to
CCC to implement Title I. [7 U.S.C. 8793]
to implement Title I. USDA is to reduce administrative
implement Title I. Also directs USDA to maintain base
burdens on participants, improve information
acres and payment yields for covered commodities (and
coordination among agencies, and take advantage of new
upland cotton), with separate bases acres for long grain
technologies to deliver programs to producers. [Sec.
and medium grain rice. [Sec. 1612]
1614]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Prohibits the Secretary of Agriculture, USDA employee,
contractor, or officer or employee of another federal
agency from disclosing information provided by a
producer or owner of agricultural land concerning the
operation, farming or conservation practices, or the land
itself in order to participate in USDA or other federal
programs. Specifies certain exceptions; disclosures must
be reported to House and Senate Agriculture
Committees. [Sec. 1613]

CRS-43


Title II. Conservation
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)


Sec.1231(a-b) of the Food Security Act of 1985
Extends authorization through FY2018. Adds grasslands
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
(FSA) (P.L. 99-198, or the 1985 farm bill), as
to list of eligible lands, which is consistent with the
[Sec. 2001(a-b)]
amended, authorizes the CRP through FY2013.
consolidation of Grassland Reserve Program (GRP) rental
CRP provides annual rental payments to producers
agreements under CRP (also see Sec. 2004 below).
to replace crops on highly erodible and
Amends eligible land definition for land not enrolled in
environmentally sensitive land with long-term
CRP. [Sec. 2001(a-b)]
resource conserving plantings. [16 U.S.C. 3831(a-
b)]

Sec. 1231(c) of the FSA, as amended, determines
Deletes language allowing land enrolled in the Water
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2001(c)]
the planting status of certain land. [16 U.S.C.
Bank Program and cropland expiring in CY2000-CY2002
3831(c)]
to be enrolled. [Sec. 2001(c)]
Sec. 1231(d) of the FSA, as amended, authorizes the Reduces enrollment to 30 million acres in FY2014; 27.5
Reduces enrollment to 27.5 million acres in FY2014; 26
maximum acreage enrollment levels; the program is million acres in FY2015; 26.5 million acres in FY2016; and
million acres in FY2015; 25 million acres in FY2016; 24
currently authorized through FY2013 to enrol up
26.5 million acres in FY2017; and 25 million in FY2018.
million acres in both FY2017 and FY2018. Also caps
to 32 million acres. [16 U.S.C. 3831(d)]
Also caps grassland enrollment at 1.5 million acres
grassland enrollment at 2 million acres between FY2014-
between FY2014-FY2018. Gives expiring CRP acres
FY2018. Gives expiring CRP acres priority enrol ment for
priority enrol ment for grassland contracts; at least one
grassland contracts. Grassland sign-up is continuous with
grassland sign-up must be offered each year. [Sec.
one or more ranking periods. [Sec. 2001(d)]
2001(d)]
Sec. 1231(e) of the FSA, as amended, defines the
Amends language for land devoted to hardwood trees,
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
duration of contracts. [16 U.S.C. 3831(e)]
shelterbelts, windbreaks, or wildlife corridors to al ow
[Sec. 2001(e)]
flexible contract lengths beyond the current 10-15 years.
[Sec. 2001(e)]
Sec. 1231(f) of the FSA, as amended, lists priority
Deletes watershed-specific language, but retains the use
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2001(f)]
areas as the Chesapeake Bay Region, the Great
of conservation priority areas as determined by USDA.
Lakes Region, and Long Island Sound. [16 U.S.C.
[Sec. 2001(f)]
3831f]
Sec. 1231B(a-f) of the FSA, as amended, authorizes
Renames the pilot program “Farmable Wetlands
Similar to the Senate bill, but reduces acreage limitation
a pilot program for up to 1 million acres of wetland
Program.” Reauthorizes the program through FY2018,
from 1 million acres to 750,000 acres. [Sec. 2002]
and buffer acreage in CRP. [16 U.S.C. 3831b]
and clarifies language related to constructed wetlands
receiving water from agricultural drainage. [Sec. 2002]
CRS-44


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Sec. 1232(a)(8) of the FSA, as amended, establishes
Deletes language related to harvesting, grazing, and wind
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
approved use of harvesting, grazing, and wind
turbine use on CRP acres. Adds similar language under
[Sec. 2003(a)]
turbine use on CRP acres. [16 U.S.C. 3832(a)(8)]
Sec. 2004 (see below). [Sec. 2003(a)]
Sec. 1232(b & d) of the FSA, as amended, requires a Amends conservation plan language by removing possible
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
conservation plan on all CRP acres and reduces
base acre retirement. Deletes rental payment reduction
[Sec. 2003(b-c)]
rental payment for certain authorized uses. [16
requirement for certain authorized activities. Rental
U.S.C. 3832(b & d)]
payment reduction language is added under Sec. 2004
(see below). [Sec. 2003(b-c)]
Sec. 1233 of the FSA, as amended, specifies the
Deletes the current section and adds new section that
Similar to the Senate bill, but does not include the Senate
duty of USDA to make cost-share payments and
specifies the duties of USDA as: making cost-share and
provision allowing beginning farmers or ranchers to graze
rental payments. [16 U.S.C. 3833]
rental payments; al owing for emergency harvesting,
livestock without a reduction in rental rate. Includes a
grazing, and other use of forage without a reduction in
different rate (not more than once every three years) for
rental rate; allowing livestock grazing for a beginning
identifying periods in which managed haying and other
farmer or rancher without a reduction in rental rate;
commercial uses may occur in exchange for a reduction
certain permitted activities (harvesting, grazing, and wind
in rental rate. Does not include the Senate provision that
turbines) in exchange for not less than a 25% reduction in
requires a reduced rental payment for landowners
rental rates. All permitted activities must be consistent
electing to install land improvement practices up to one
with an approved conservation plan. Allows grazing,
year before the CRP acres expire. [Sec. 2004]
harvesting, and fire suppression on enrol ed grasslands. In
exchange for a reduced rental rate, a landowner may
install land improvement practices up to one year before
the CRP acres expire. This land may not reenroll in CRP
for five years. [Sec. 2004]
Sec. 1234 of the FSA, as amended, establishes a
Allows incentive payments for tree and shrub
Similar to the Senate bill, but does not include incentive
framework for calculating annual rental payments.
maintenance (thinning activities). Amends rental payment
payments for thinning activities. Also does not include the
[16 U.S.C. 3834]
calculation to include grassland contracts for not more
language allowing USDA to consider dryland cash rental
than 75% of the grazing value. Dryland cash rental rates
rate when determining annual rental rates. [Sec. 2005]
may also be used as a factor for determining annual rental
Sec. 2601(a) does not include a limit for thinning
rates. Deletes language allowing for in-kind commodities
activities.
as a form of CRP payment. [Sec. 2005] Sec. 2601(a)
includes a limit of $10 million for thinning activities
between FY2014-FY2018.
Sec. 1235(f) of the FSA, as amended, facilitates the
Simplifies language and provides conforming amendments
Amends the early termination provisions to allow
transfer of CRP acres from a retiring owner to a
to the CRP transition option. Adds “rancher” and
producers with a CRP contract in place for five or more
beginning/social y-disadvantaged producer to return
“veteran farmer or rancher” as eligible individuals in
years to terminate the contract in FY2014. Expands the
CRS-45


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
land to production, and al ows new owner to begin
addition to a farmer. The Secretary shall not consider an
list of land that may not be subject to early termination.
land improvements or start organic certification
owner or operator in violation of terms and conditions of Provides conforming amendments, similar to the Senate
process one year before CRP contract expires. [16
a CRP contract if (1) during the year prior to contract
bill, to the CRP transition option. Adds a provision
U.S.C. 3835(f)]
expiration the land is enrolled in the CSP; and (2) the
allowing landowners to enroll in CSP (see program
activity required under CSP pursuant to the enrol ment is
beginning with Sec. 2101) and conduct activities required
consistent with this subsection. Authorizes the Secretary
under CSP in the final year of the CRP contract without
to terminate or modify a contract if eligible land subject
violating the terms of the contract. Also allows USDA to
to the contract is transferred into the ACEP. [Sec. 2006]
terminate or modify a CRP contract if land is enrolled in
Sec. 2601(a) includes a $50 million limit for the CRP
ACEP (see section beginning with Sec. 2301) Changes
transition option between FY2014-FY2018.
effective date of termination to the date that the request
is approved by the Secretary. [Sec. 2006]
Sec. 1235A of the FSA, as amended, allows land
Repeals a provision added in the 1990 farm bill that allows Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2007]
enrol ed in CRP before enactment of the 1990 farm land to be converted from vegetative cover to hardwood
bill (P.L. 101-624, November 28, 1990) to convert
trees or restored wetlands. [Sec. 2007]
vegetative cover to hardwood trees or restored
wetlands [16 U.S.C. 3835a]
No comparable provision.
Provides transition language for existing CRP contracts.
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
Reductions in CRP acres (Sec. 2003) take effect upon
[Sec. 2008]
enactment. All other amendments take effect on October
1, 2013. [Sec. 2008]
Sec. 1241(a)(1) of the FSA, as amended, limits
Reduces limit for thinning activities (see Sec. 2005) to
Does not include a limit for thinning activities (see Sec.
payments for thinning activities to $100 million
$10 million between FY2013-FY2018 and increases limit
2005). Extends the $25 million limit for transition
between FY2009-FY2013 and payments for the
for transition assistance (see Sec. 2006) to $50 million
assistance to FY2014-FY2018 (see Sec. 2006). [Sec.
transition assistance (see Sec. 1235(f) above) to
between FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 2601(a)]
2601(a)]
$25 million for FY2009-2013. [16 U.S.C.
3841(a)(1)]

Sec. 1241(a)(1) of the FSA, as amended, limits
Reduces limit for thinning activities (see Sec. 2005) to
Does not include a limit for thinning activities (see Sec.
payments for thinning activities to $100 million
$10 million between FY2013-FY2018 and increases limit
2005). Extends the $25 million limit for transition
between FY2009-FY2013 and payments for the
for transition assistance (see Sec. 2006) to $50 million
assistance to FY2014-FY2018 (see Sec. 2006). [Sec.
transition assistance (see Sec. 1235(f) above) to
between FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 2601(a)]
2601(a)]
$25 million for FY2009-2013. [16 U.S.C.
3841(a)(1)]

Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP)


Sec. 1238D of the FSA, as amended, defines
Deletes definition of ‘conservation measurement tools’
Similar to the Senate bill except that it further defines
CRS-46


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
program terms for CSP. CSP provides financial and
and moves the definition of ‘eligible land’ from Sec.
eligible land to include land used or capable of being used
technical assistance to promote the conservation
1238E(b) of the FSA, as amended to the definition
for production of livestock and pastureland. [Sec.
and improvement of soil, water, air, energy, plant
section. Adds pastureland as defined eligible lands. [Sec.
2101(a)]
and animal life, and other conservation purposes on 2101(a)]
tribal and private working lands. [16 U.S.C. 3838d]
Sec. 1238E of the FSA, as amended, establishes the
Reauthorizes the program through FY2018. Moves
Similar to Senate bill, but allows CRP land in the last fiscal
CSP program for FY2009-FY2014. Eligible land
definition of ‘eligible land’ to the definition section (1238D year of enrollment to be considered eligible for CSP. CRP
includes private agricultural land, tribal agricultural
of the FSA, as amended) and removes nonindustrial
payments must cease before CSP payments may begin.
land (that has been planted to crops four of
private forest land limit of not more than 10% of total
[Sec. 2101(a)]
preceding six years), and nonindustrial private
annual acres. Permits CSP enrol ment of land under a
forest land. [16 U.S.C. 3838e]
CRP contract provided the CRP contract is scheduled to
expire at the end of the year in which the land is enrolled
in CSP; and CRP payments for the land cease prior to the
date of the first CSP payment. [Sec. 2101(a)]
Sec. 1238F of the FSA, as amended, establishes
Increases the entry requirement to address two resource
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences
contract requirements for addressing at least one
concerns upon applying and meeting or exceeding the
As a condition of contract renewal, added requirement
resource concern upon application and meeting or
threshold for at least one additional priority resource
that participants at a minimum must meet the threshold
exceeding the threshold for at least one priority
concern. Adds expiring CRP acres transitioning to
for two “additional” priority resources concerns OR
resource concern by the end of the contract.
production as a consideration for ranking applications.
exceed the threshold for two “existing“ priority resource
Establishes a ranking criteria of applications,
Requires contract renewal participants to agree to, at a
concerns.. [Sec. 2101(a)]
contract provisions, contract renewal, and contract
minimum, at least two additional priority resource
terminations. [16 U.S.C. 3838f]
concerns. [Sec. 2101(a)]
Sec, 1238G of the FSA, as amended, outlines the
Increases the number of priority resource concerns
Similar to the Senate bill with a reduced level of
duties of USDA, including offering continuous
identified by USDA to not less than five. Removes
enrollable acres––8.695 million acres––for each year
enrol ment with at least one ranking period per
references to a conservation measurement tool. Reduces
FY2014-FY2021. Adjusts the payment limit to an
year, identifying between 3-5 priority resource
the number of enrol able acres to 10,348,000 acres for
aggregate of $200,000 for all CSP contracts between
concerns, and developing a conservation
each fiscal year 2014 through 2022. Adjusts the payment
FY2013 and FY2017 [Sec. 2101(a)]
measurement tool. Limits acreage enrol ment to
limit aggregate to $200,000 for all CSP contracts between
12,769,000 acres for each fiscal year 2008 though
FY2014 and FY2018. Provides additional payment
2017. Requires a national average rate of $18 per
direction and requires a prorated performance over the
acre (to include all costs). Payments may be based
life of the contract to create equal payments each fiscal
on the costs incurred, income forgone, and
year. Removes data collection requirements. [Sec.
expected environmental benefits. In general,
2101(a)]
payments are made at the beginning of each fiscal
year and are limited to a total of $200,000 for all
CSP contracts during any five year period. [16
CRS-47


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
U.S.C. 3838g]
No comparable provision.
Provides transition language for existing CSP contracts.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2101(b-c)]
Amendments to CSP take effect on October 1, 2013.
[Sec. 2101(b-c)]
Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)

Sec. 1240 of the FSA, as amended, authorizes EQIP,
Removes the 5th purpose area that requires the reduction Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
stating its purpose as promoting production and
of administrative burdens on the producer through
[Sec. 2201]
environmental quality as compatible goals, and
consolidating conservation planning and streamlining
optimizing environmental benefits by assisting
regulatory compliance processes. Adds wildlife habitat
producers: (1) with compliance with national
improvement and development practices to the 3rd
regulatory requirements; (2) to avoid the need for
purpose area. [Sec. 2201]
regulation; (3) to install and maintain conservation
practices; (4) to make cost-effective changes to
current production systems, and (5) to reduce
administrative burdens by consolidating planning
and regulatory compliance . [16 U.S.C. 3839aa]
Sec. 1240A of the FSA, as amended, defines six
Incorporates the definition of the National Organic
No comparable provision.
terms: eligible land, National Organic Program,
Program into the definition of an organic system plan.
organic system plan, payment, practice, and
[Sec. 2202]
program. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa-1]
Sec. 1240B(a-b) of the FSA, as amended, authorizes
Reauthorizes EQIP through FY2018. Removes the
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
EQIP through FY2014. Contracts are 1-10 years in
minimum one-year contract length requirement.
Establishes requirement that not more than 50% of
length. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(a-b)]
Establishes requirement that not more than 30% of
amount determined under subparagraph (A) may be
amount determined under subparagraph (A) may be
provided in advance for purchases or material and
provided in advance for purchases or material and
contracting. [Sec. 2202(1-2)]
contracting [Sec. 2203(1-2)]
CRS-48


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Sec. 1240B(d) of the FSA, as amended, limits EQIP
Revises the list of practices afforded greater significance
Does not include the Senate bill’s list of practices. Adds
payments to not more than 75% of the cost (up to
when determining income forgone. Adds veteran farmer
veteran farmer or rancher to the list of certain producers
90% for limited resource, socially disadvantaged
or rancher to the list of certain producers eligible for
eligible for higher cost-share rates. Increases the amount
farm or rancher, or a beginning farmer or rancher)
cost-share rates up to 90% and advanced payments.
of advance payments from 30% to 50% of the cost-share
and not more than 100% of income forgone.
Requires advanced payments not used within 90 days to
rate. [Sec. 2202(3)]
Greater significance is provided for determining
be returned. [Sec. 2203(3)]
income forgone payments for specific management
practices. Advance payments for certain producers
are limited to 30% of the cost-share rate. [16
U.S.C. 3839aa-2(d)]

Sec. 1240B(f) of the FSA, as amended, requires that
Extends through FY2018 the requirement that 60% of
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
60% of EQIP payments go to practices related to
payments be for livestock production. A minimum of 5%
[Sec. 2202(4)]
livestock production requirement between FY2008-
of funds go to payments benefiting wildlife habitat (see
FY2013. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(f)]
Sec. 2203(5)) Requires the Secretary to consult with
State Technical Committee at least once per year in
determining practices eligible for payment and targeted
funding. Authorizes the Secretary to make payments to a
state or local unit of government to enrol areas riparian
to or submerged under water or wetland if the Secretary
determines that it supports restoration, development and
improvement of wildlife habitat. [Sec. 2203(4)]
Sec. 1240B(g) of the FSA, as amended, allows
No comparable provision.
Changes the term ‘federally recognized Native American
USDA to enter into alternative funding
Indian Tribes and Alaska Native Corporations’ to ‘Indian
arrangement with federally recognized Native
Tribes.’ [Sec. 2202(5)]
American Indian Tribes and Alaska Native
Corporations. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(g)]
Sec. 1240N of the FSA, as amended, authorizes the Adds a new provision under EQIP specifically for wildlife
Similar to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2202(6)]. The Wildlife
Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP),
habitat incentive practices. Language is similar to the
Habitat Incentives Program is also repealed in Sec. 2707
providing cost-sharing to landowners who improve
Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program, which is repealed in
and funding for the new wildlife provision is provided in
habitat. Authorized to receive mandatory funding of Sec. 2707. [Sec. 2203(5)] Funding for the provision is
Sec. 2202(4) above.
$85 million annual y through FY2013. [16 U.S.C.
provided in Sec. 2203(4).
3839bb-1]
Sec. 1240C(b) of the FSA, as amended, identifies
Changes “environmental benefits” to “conservation
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2203]
priorities to program applications. Gives higher
benefits.” [Sec. 2204]
priority for producers using cost-effective
CRS-49


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
conservation practices to achieve environmental
benefits. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa-3(b)]
Sec. 1240D(2) of the FSA, as amended, states that
Changes “farm, ranch, or forest” land to “enrolled” land.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2204]
in exchange for EQIP payments, producers will not
[Sec. 2205]
conduct any practices on the farm, ranch, or forest
land that could defeat the purpose of the program.
[16 U.S.C. 3839aa-4(2)]
Sec. 1240G of the FSA, as amended, limits EQIP
Limits EQIP payments for the period of authorization
Raises the EQIP payment limit to an aggregate of
participant’s payments to $300,000 for any six-year
(FY2014-FY2018) rather than a rol ing six-year period.
$450,000 between FY2014-FY2018 and eliminates the
period. This may be waived to up to $450,000 for
[Sec. 2206]
waiver authority for contracts of environmental
any six-year period if the contract is of
significance. [Sec. 2205]
environmental significance. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa-7]
Sec. 1240H of the FSA, as amended, authorizes a
Reauthorizes the air quality funding carve-out of $37.5
Eliminates the air quality funding carve-out of $37.5
competitive grants program within EQIP, known as
mil ion of EQIP annual y through FY2017. Adds a
million annually. Adds research and demonstration
the Conservation Innovation Grants (CIG). Grants
reporting requirement that no later than Dec. 31, 2013,
activities, and new technology pilot testing as eligible
are provided, on a matching basis, to implement
and every 2 years thereafter, a report must be submitted
projects. Adds a reporting requirement identical to
innovative conservation practices. Provides $37.5
to Congress regarding CIG funding, project results, and
Senate bill. [Sec. 2206]
mil ion of EQIP funds annual y (FY2009-2013) to
technology transfer efforts. [Sec. 2207]
address air quality concerns. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa-8]
No comparable provision.
Provides transition language for existing EQIP contracts.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2207]
Amendments to EQIP take effect on October 1, 2013.
[Sec. 2208]
Sec. 1241(a)(6) of the FSA, as amended, authorizes
Authorizes mandatory EQIP funding: $500 million
Authorizes mandatory EQIP funding of $1.75 billion for
mandatory EQIP funding, rising from $1.2 billion in
(FY2014); $1.6 billion (FY2015); and $1.65 billion (each
each fiscal year 2013 through 2017. Amended Sec.
FY2008 to $1.75 billion in FY2014. [16 U.S.C.
FY2016-FY2018). Amended Sec. 1241(a)(5). [Sec.
1241(a)(5) [Sec. 2601(a)]
3841(a)(6)]
2601(a)]
Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP)

No directly comparable provision. Similar to the
Establishes the Agricultural Conservation Easement
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
establishment and purposes section of the
Program (ACEP). Combines the purposes of WRP, FPP,
Amended Sec. 1265 [Sec. 2301(a)]
Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP, Sec. 1237(a)),
and GRP. Amended Sec. 1265 [Sec. 2301(a)]
the Farmland Protection Program (FPP, Sec.
1238I(a)&(b)), and the Grassland Reserve Program
(GRP, Sec. 1238N(a)) of the FSA, as amended. [16
CRS-50


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
U.S.C. 3837(a); 3838i(a)&(b); 3838n(a)]
No directly comparable provision. Similar to
Defines agricultural land easements, eligible entity, eligible
Similar to the Senate bill with differences, including: the
definitions found in Sec. 1237 (WRP) and Sec.
land, program and wetland easement. Divides the
definition of agricultural land does not include the Senate
1238H (FPP) of the FSA, as amended. [16 U.S.C.
easement program into two types––agricultural land
language related to promoting agricultural viability; and
3837 & 3838h]
easements, which include components of FPP and GRP
the House bill contains wetland easements that may
and wetlands easements, which include components of
include cropland or grassland that has prior flooding from
WRP. Amended Sec. 1265A Eligible land is defined as land a closed basin lake or pothole if the state or other entity
that conserves grassland or agricultural landscape of
is willing to provide a 50% cost-share of the easement.
significant ecological value. [Sec. 2301(a)]
House bill also includes land enrolled in the conservation
reserve program. Amended Sec. 1265A [Sec. 2301(a)]
No directly comparable provision. Similar to Sec.
Retains much of the FPP easement requirements for cost-
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
1238I (FPP) of the FSA, as amended. Provides for
share assistance, agreements with eligible entities,
Amended Sec. 1265B [Sec. 2301(a)]
the purchase of conservation easements by limiting
certification of eligible entities, including review and
the land’s nonagricultural uses. The federal cost
recertification requirements. Allows for grazing as a
may not exceed 50% of the appraised market value
protected agricultural use, similar to GRP easements.
of the easement and entities must contribute a
Requires appraisals based on uniform standards of
minimum of 25% of the acquisition purchase price.
professional appraisal practice or any other industry-
Prohibits bidding down. Requires USDA to include
approved standard. Requires eligible entities to provide
a contingent right of enforcement in the terms of
contributions equivalent to the federal share or at least
the easement, and that a conservation plan be
50% of the federal share if the entity includes
required for any easements that include highly
contributions from the private landowner. Al ows up to
erodible cropland. Establishes a certification
75% federal cost-share for grasslands of special
process for USDA to enter into agreements with
environmental significance. Establishes an evaluation and
eligible entities to use FPP cost-share assistance to
ranking criteria for applications. Authorizes the Secretary
purchase easements. To become certified, entities
to waive any portion of the eligible entity cash
must have the authority and resources to enforce
contribution requirement for projects of special
easements, polices in place that are consistent with
significance, subject to an increase of private landowner
the purposes of the program, and clear procedures
donation equal to the amount of the waiver if donation is
to protect the integrity of the program.
voluntary. Amended Sec. 1265B [Sec. 2301(a)]
Agreements with certified entities are a minimum
of five years with a review and recertification
required every three years. Agreements with non-
certified entities are 3-5 years in length. [16 U.S.C.
3838i(c)-(h)]

No directly comparable provision. Similar to Sec.
Retains much of the WRP easement requirements for
Identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
1237-1237F (WRP) of the FSA, as amended. WRP
land eligibility, easement terms, compatible uses,
Reduces the land ownership requirement to the
CRS-51


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
enrol s lands through the use of permanent
easement compensation, violation procedures, duties of
preceding 24-month period. Amended Sec. 1265C [Sec.
easements, 30-yea easements, restoration cost-
USDA and the owner, cost-share, restoration, and
2301(a)]
share agreements, or any combination thereof.
technical assistance requirements, and modification and
Eligible lands under WRP include: farmed wetland
termination procedures. Reauthorizes WREP-like
or converted wetland, together with adjacent land,
program referred to as the wetland enhancement option.
except wetlands converted before December 23,
No longer allows for stand-alone cost-share restoration
1985; cropland or grassland that was used for
agreements, only 30-year easements, permanent
agricultural production prior to flooding from the
easements (or maximum duration allowed under law),
natural overflow of a closed basin lake or pothole;
and 30-year contracts for Indian Tribes, which may
and possibly farmed wetlands enrolled in CRP that
include restoration assistance. Requires the establishment
are likely to return to production upon contract
of an evaluation and ranking criteria that maximizes the
expiration. Ineligible lands include CRP acres
benefit of federal investment. Retains priority for
containing timber stands or CRP pasture
easements based on the value of protecting and enhancing
established to trees. USDA is required to
habitat for migratory birds and other wildlife, but
determine the value of easements and contracts by
removes consideration for costs and future agricultural
providing the lowest amount of compensation
and food needs. Makes the reserved grazing rights pilot
based on a comparison of the fair market value of
program permanent. Compensation provisions are similar
the land, a geographic cap, or an offer made by the
to WRP, but adds a requirement that 30-year contract
landowner. Easements with values less than
(Tribes only) and 30-year easement compensation be
$500,000 must be paid out over 1-30 years;
between 50% and 75% of a permanent easement’s
easements with values greater than $500,000 are to compensation. Payment schedules are changed for
be paid out over 5-30 years. Authorized to conduct easements with values less than $500,000 to be paid out
a Wetlands Reserve Enhancement Program
not more than ten years and easements with values
(WREP) for agreements with states similar to
greater than $500,000 to be paid out over 5-10 years.
CREP. Priority is given to easements based on the
Easement administration may still be delegated, however,
value of protecting and enhancing habitat for
the monitoring and enforcement responsibilities may not.
migratory birds and other wildlife, while taking into
Reduces the land ownership requirement to the
consideration costs and future agricultural and food
preceding 12-month period. Excludes (A) Shelterbelts and
needs. Eligible land cannot have changed ownership
Windbreaks and (B) Wetland and Saturated Soils - not
in the previous 7-year period unless the new
subjecting such cropland, as designated by the Secretary,
ownership was by will, succession, foreclosure, or
with subclass “w” in the land capability classes IV through
USDA is assured the land was not acquired for the
VIII . Amended Sec. 1265C [Sec. 2301(a)]
purpose of enrolling in WRP. [16 U.S.C. 3837-
3837f]

No comparable provision.
Outlines administrative requirements for ACEP using
Similar to the Senate bill, except the House bill allocates
elements of WRP, FPP, and GRP. Provides priority for
funding to no less than 40% annual for agricultural land
expiring CRP acres to enter into 1) agricultural land
easement for FY2014-FY2017 and 50% in FY2018.
CRS-52


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
easements if they are grasslands that would benefit from
Amended Sec. 1265D [Sec. 2301(a)]
long-term easements, or 2) wetland easements if they are
wetlands with the highest functions and value that could
return to production after leaving the CRP. Amended
Sec. 1265D. [Sec. 2301(a)]
No comparable provision.
Requires ACEP participants to meet highly erodible land
Similar to the Senate bill, including the conservation
and wetlands conservation (col ectively known as
compliance requirement. Also amends acreage limitations
conservation compliance) requirements (see 16 U.S.C.
to include the repealed WRP acres in the 25% county
3811 et seq. under Sec. 2609(a-b) for a description).
acreage cap in addition to CRP and the new wetland
Provides technical amendments for other sections.
easements under ACEP. [Sec. 2301(b-d)]
Amendments take effect on October 1, 2013. [Sec.
2301(b-d)]

No directly comparable provision. Sec. 1241(a)(2)
Authorizes mandatory ACEP funding: $450 million
Authorizes mandatory ACEP funding: $450 million
and (a)(5) of the FSA, as amended, authorizes
(FY2014), $475 million (FY2015); $500 million (FY2016);
(FY2013), $475 million (FY2014); $500 million (FY2015);
mandatory funding to enroll WRP & GRP acres
$525 million (FY2017); and $250 mil ion (FY2018).
$525 million (FY2016); and $266 mil ion (FY2017).
respectively. Sec. 1241(a)(4) authorizes mandatory
Amended Sec. 1241(a)(2). [Sec. 2601(a)]
Amended Sec. 1241(a)(2). [Sec. 2601(a)]
FPP funding, rising from $97 million in FY2008 to
$200 million in FY2014. [16 U.S.C. 3841(a)(2);
(a)(4); (a)(5)]

Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP)

No directly comparable provision. Includes
Establishes the Regional Conservation Partnership
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
elements of the establishment and purposes section Program (RCPP). Combines the purposes of AWEP, the
Amended Sec. 1271 [Sec. 2401]
of the Agricultural Water Enhancement Program
Chesapeake Bay Watershed program, CCPI, and the
(AWEP, Sec. 1240I)), the Chesapeake Bay
Great Lakes basin program to further conservation,
Watershed program (Sec. 1240Q), the Cooperative restoration, and sustainability on a regional or watershed
Conservation Partnership Initiative (CCPI, Sec.
scale, and encourage partners to cooperate with
1243) and the Great Lakes basin program for soil
producers in meeting or avoiding regulatory requirements
erosion and sediment control (Sec. 1240P) of the
and implementing projects. Amended Sec. 1271 [Sec.
FSA, as amended. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa-9; 3839bb-4; 2401]
3843; 3839bb-3]

No directly comparable provision. Includes
Defines covered programs as ACEP, EQIP,CSP & HFRP.
Similar to the Senate bill with differences, including: a
elements of previously mentioned programs.
Eligible activities include those that address water quality
definition of eligible land; and adds water district,
and quantity concerns, wildlife habitat, erosion, forest
irrigation district, rural water district or association to
restoration, including T&E species, improved biodiversity,
the list of eligible partners. Amended Sec. 1271A [Sec.
and enhancement to carbon sequestration and others
2401(a)]
CRS-53


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
determined by USDA. Eligible partners include state or
local governments, Indian tribes, farmer cooperatives,
organizations or other nongovernmental entity with a
history of working with producers on conservation
projects, municipal water or waste treatment entity.
Amended Sec. 1271A [Sec. 2401(a)]
No directly comparable provision. Includes
Authorizes competitive partnership agreements for a
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
elements of previously mentioned programs,
period not to exceed five years with a possible one-year
Amended Sec. 1271B [Sec. 2401(a]
primarily AWEP and CCPI.
extension. Describes the duties of partners as defining the
scope of projects, conducting outreach, acting on the
behalf of producers to apply for assistance, leveraging
financial and technical assistance, conducting assessments,
and reporting results. Provides application content,
criteria, and priority. Amended Sec. 1271B [Sec.
2401(a)]

No directly comparable provision. Includes
Directs USDA to enter into contracts to provide
Similar to the Senate bill except the House bill does not
elements of previously mentioned programs,
technical and financial assistance to producers
include alternative funding arrangements. Amended Sec.
primarily AWEP and CCPI.
participating in projects with eligible partners and
1271C [Sec. 2401(a)]
producers within a project area or critical conservation
area independent of working through an eligible partner.
Program rules, requirements, and payments are to be
consistent with the covered programs (ACEP, EQIP, &
CSP). Authorizes up to ten alternative funding
arrangements with multi-state water agencies or
authorities. Provides the Secretary discretionary authority
to adjust the rules of a covered program, including
operational guidance and requirements in order to
simplify the application and evaluation process. Prohibits
the adjustment of application of statutory requirements
for a covered program, including appeals, payment limits,
and conservation compliance. Requires the Secretary to
enter into at least 10, but not more than 20 alternative
funding arrangements. Where irrigation has not been
used significantly for agricultural purposes, the Secretary
shall not limit program eligibility on the basis of prior
irrigation history. Amended Sec. 1271C [Sec. 2401(a)]
CRS-54


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
No directly comparable provision. Sec. 1240I(j) of
Authorizes mandatory RCPP funding of $110 million
Authorizes mandatory RCPP funding of $100 million
the FSA, as amended, authorizes mandatory AWEP
annual y for FY2014-FY2018, to remain available until
annual y for FY2014-FY2018, to remain available until
funds of $73 million in FY2009 and FY2010, $74
expended. Retains the CCPI use of 8% of covered
expended. Similar to the Senate bill except the House bill
mil ion in FY2011, and $60 million each fiscal year
program funds and acres, but amends the CCPI al ocation
uses 6% of covered program funds and acres, and amends
thereafter. Sec. 1240Q(h) authorizes Chesapeake
to: 25% for a state competition, 40% for a national
the allocation to include 25% for a state competition, 50%
Bay Watershed program funds of $23 million in
competition, and 35% for critical conservation areas (new
for a national competition, and 25% for critical
FY2009, $43 million in FY2010, $72 million in
category). Retains the AWEP and CCPI restriction on
conservation areas. Amended Sec. 1271D [Sec. 2401(a)]
FY2011, & $50 million in FY2012. Sec. 1243(i)
paying no administrative expenses of eligible partners.
authorizes CCPI to use 6% of covered program for
Amended Sec. 1271D [Sec. 2401(a)]
a state (90%) and national (10%) competition. Sec.
1240P(d) authorizes appropriations of $5 million
annual y for the Great Lakes basin program. [16
U.S.C. 3839aa-9(j); 3838bb-4(h); 3843(i);
3839bb-3(d)]

No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to make information on selected projects Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
publically available. Requires a report to Congress on
[Sec. 2401(a)]
December 31, 2014 (and every 2 years thereafter) on the
status of projects funded. Amended Sec. 1271E [Sec.
2401(a)]

No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to use 35% of the funds and acres
Similar to the Senate bill but limits the number of critical
available for RCPP (see amended Sec. 1271D above) for
conservation areas to 8 that do not expire. Amended Sec.
partnership agreements within no more than six critical
1271F [Sec. 2401(a)]
conservation areas that expire after 5 years, subject to
redesignation. Vital habitat for migrating wildlife is a factor
the Secretary shall consider in determining the six
geographical critical conservation areas. Amended Sec.
1271F [Sec. 2401(a)]
No comparable provision.
Amendments take effect on October 1, 2013. [Sec.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2401(b)]
2401(b)]
Other Conservation Programs


Sec. 1240M(e) of the FSA, as amended, authorizes
Reduces and extends authorization of appropriations to
Extends authorization of appropriations at $60 million
the Conservation of Private Grazing Land
$30 million annual y through FY2018. [Sec. 2501]
annual y through FY2018. [Sec. 2501]
Program. Authorizes appropriations of $60
mil ion annual y through FY2013. [16 U.S.C,
CRS-55


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
3839bb(e)]
Sec. 1240O(b) of the FSA, as amended, authorizes
Reduces and extends authorization of appropriations to
Extends annual authorization of appropriations ($20
the Grassroots Source Water Protection
$15 million annual y through FY2018. [Sec. 2502]
mil ion) through FY2018 and authorizes a one-time $5
Program. Authorizes appropriations of $20
million in mandatory funding to remain available until
mil ion annual y through FY2013. [16 U.S.C.
expended. [Sec. 2502]
3839bb-2(b)]
Sec. 1240R of the FSA, as amended authorizes state Reduces and extends authorization of $40 million in
Reduces and extends authorization for $30 million of
grants through a Voluntary Public Access and
mandatory funding for the period of FY2014-FY2018.
mandatory funding for the period of FY2014-FY2018.
Habitat Incentive Program to encourage land-
Requires USDA to submit a report to Congress no later
Requires USDA to submit a report to Congress no later
owners to provide public access for wildlife-
than two years after enactment on the effectiveness of
than two years after enactment on the effectiveness of
dependent recreation. Sets application contents and the program. Amendments are effective Oct. 1, 2013.
the program. [Sec. 2503]
award priorities providing $50 million in mandatory
[Sec. 2503]
funds for the period FY2009-2013. [16 U.S.C.
3839bb-5]

Sec. 1252 of FSA, as amended, authorizes an
Al ows funding for each conservation program in the
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2504]
Agriculture Conservation Experienced
Food Security Act of 1985, as amended, except CRP, to
Service Program (ACES), such that USDA can
be used to carry out the ACES program. Amendments
enter into agreements with organizations to
are effective Oct. 1, 2013. [Sec. 2504]
provide technical assistance (excludes
administrative tasks) using qualified individuals 55
years or older. [16 U.S.C. 3851]
Sec. 14(h)(2)(E) of the Watershed Protection and
Extends authorization of appropriations through FY2018.
Extends authorization of appropriations through FY2018
Flood Prevention Act (P.L. 106-472), as amended,
Does not authorize any new mandatory funding. [Sec.
and authorizes $250 million in mandatory funding for
authorizes up to $85 million annually in
2505]
FY2014 to remain available until expended. [Sec. 2505]
discretionary funding for the Small Watershed
Rehabilitation Program
for FY2008-FY2013 and
$100 million in mandatory funding for FY2009 to
remain available until expended. [16 U.S.C.
1012(h)(2)(E)]

Sec. 2507 of the Food, Security and Rural
Deletes current section and replaces with new section
No comparable provision.
Investment Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-171, 2002 farm
that adds definitions for eligible land, program, and
bill), as amended, authorizes USDA to transfer
terminal lake. Also adds a new voluntary land purchase
$175 million of CCC funds to the Bureau of
grant program with authorization to receive $25 million
Reclamation to provide water for at-risk desert
through appropriations to remain available until
terminal lakes. [43 U.S.C. 2211]
expended. Retains provisions for voluntary water
CRS-56


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
purchases for desert terminal lakes, including the transfer
of $150 million of CCC funds to the Bureau of
Reclamation. Authorizes the Secretary to modify and
terminate floodplain easements provided the current
landowner agrees, and the modification or termination
addresses a compelling public need for which there is no
practical alternative, and is in the public interest. [Sec.
2506]

No comparable provision
Requires the Secretary to conduct a wetland mitigation
No comparable provision.
study no later than 180 days after enactment to assess
the use of wetland mitigation to determine certain
impacts on wildlife, provide recommendations for
improving wetland mitigation procedures, for the benefit
of wildlife, and allow producers greater access to the
wetland mitigation process. Also requires the Secretary
to submit a report of its findings to Congress no later
than two years after the date of enactment [Sec. 2508]
The Secretary is authorized and directed to
Adds Indian tribes as being eligible to cooperate with and
No comparable provision.
develop in cooperation with and participation by
participate in the soil and water conservation program.
the public through conservation districts, state and
[Sec. 2509]
national organizations and agencies, and other
appropriate means, a national soil and water
conservation program to be used as a guide in
carrying out the activities of the Secretary which
assist landowners and land users, at their request,
in furthering soil and water conservation on the
private and non-federal lands of the nation. [16
U.S.C. 2005]

Sec. 524(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act, as
Amendments made to AMA are discussed in the Crop
Removes tree plantings and soil erosion control from the
amended, authorizes the Agricultural
Insurance title (XI) [Sec. 11029]
list of approved practices. Permanently authorizes $10
Management Assistance (AMA) program.
million in annual mandatory funding with 30% to NRCS
AMA provides financial and technical to producers
(conservation), 10% to AMS (organic certification), and
in 16 specified states for conservation practices,
60% to RMA (risk management). [Sec. 2506]
risk mitigation, and market diversification. Provides
$15 million in annual mandatory funding in FY2008
through FY2014, and $10 million each fiscal year
CRS-57


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
thereafter. Requires 50% to NRCS, 40% to RMA,
and 10% to AMS. [7 U.S.C. 1524(b)]
Funding and Administration


Sec. 1241(a) of the FSA, as amended, authorizes
Reauthorizes through FY2018 with funding specified for
Similar to Senate bill with different funding levels specified
mandatory funding through FY2012 (and FY2014
ACEP and EQIP. Includes payment limits for specific CRP
for EQIP and ACEP. Provides $25 million in FY2014-
for CSP, EQIP, FPP, and WHIP) to carry out
provisions. Provides $50 million to facilitate transfer of
FY2018 to facilitate transfer of land from retired or
various conservation programs. [16 U.S.C. 3841]
land subject to CRP contracts from retired or retiring
retiring owner/operators to beginning and socially
owner/operators to beginning and socially disadvantaged
disadvantaged farmers and ranchers in FY2014 through
Note: Authorized funding levels for various
farmers and ranchers for FY2014 through FY2018, to the
FY2018to the maximum extent practicable. Provides
programs are provided in individual program
maximum extent practicable. Provides $450 million for
$425 million for ACEP in FY2014; $450 million for
sections above.
ACEP in FY2014; $475 million for FY2015; $500 for
FY2015; $475 for FY2016, $500 mil ion in FY2017, and
FY2016, $525 million in FY2017, and $250 million in
$200 million in FY2018. EQIP is provided $1.75 billion
FY2018. EQIP is provided $1.5 bil ion for FY2014, $1.6
annual y for FY2014 -FY2018. [Sec. 2601(a)]
billion for FY2015, and $1.65 billion for each year
FY2016-FY2018. [Sec. 2601(a)]

Note: Authorized funding levels for various programs are Note: Authorized funding levels for various programs are
provided in individual program sections above.
provided in individual program sections above.
No comparable provision.
Allows mandatory funding made available for CRP, ACEP,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2601(b)]
CSP, & EQIP to remain available until expended. Any
funds from a previous fiscal year made available through
modifications, cancellations, terminations and other
related administrative actions may be reobligated in a
different fiscal year, but it will reduce the program’s
funding by an equal amount in the fiscal year the
reobligation occurs. [Sec. 2601(b)]
Sec. 1241(c) of the FSA, as amended, allows CCC
Retains a similar provision and requires a report to
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
funds for conservation programs to also be used
Congress by December 31, 2013 (and each subsequent
[Sec. 2602]
for technical assistance. [16 U.S.C. 3841(b)]
year), detailing the amount of technical assistance
requested and apportioned for each conservation
program. Authorizes the Secretary to determine the
amount of technical assistance with the exception of
technical assistance for CRP under subtitle D. Requires
the Secretary to give priority to producers who request
technical assistance to comply with subtitles B and C for
the first time. Requires the Secretary to submit a report
CRS-58


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
to Congress no later than 270 days after enactment on
the extent to which conservation compliance
requirements affect specialty crop growers. Requires the
Secretary to submit a report to Congress describing the
extent to which highly erodible land/wetland conservation
(HEL/WC) determinations are being addressed in a timely
manner, total number of requests completed the previous
fiscal year, incomplete determinations on record, and the
number of requests that remain outstanding more than 1
year since the date of receipt from producer. [Sec.
2602]

Sec. 1241(d) of the FSA, as amended, requires that
Eliminates the $15 million annual requirement and allows
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
each state receives an aggregated minimum of $15
states in the first quarter of the fiscal year to establish
[Sec. 2603]
mil ion annual y from certain mandatory
that they can use a total of 0.6% of certain conservation
conservation programs in order to promote
funds. If established, those states may receive 0.6% of
regional equity. [16 U.S.C. 3841(d)]
funds. [Sec. 2603]
Sec. 1241(g) of the FSA, as amended, establishes an
Reauthorizes the EQIP and CSP set-aside through
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
annual set-aside in EQIP and CSP from FY2009-
FY2018. Provides preference for veteran farmers or
[Sec. 2604]
FY2013; 5% to beginning farmers or ranchers and
ranchers eligible under the provision. [Sec. 2604]
5% to socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers.
[16 U.S.C. 3841(g)]
Sec. 1241(h) of the FSA, as amended, establishes
Amends reporting requirements to reflect the repeal of
Similar to the Senate bill except the House bill does not
reporting requirements for program enrol ments
WRP, FPP, GRP, and AWEP and the addition of ACEP
include reporting requirements for CSP payments and
and assistance under WRP, FPP, GRP, EQIP,
and RCPP. Adds reporting requirements for CSP
waivers granted to grasslands under ACEP. [Sec. 2605]
AWEP, CSP, and adjusted gross income waivers.
payments and waivers granted to grasslands under ACEP.
[16 U.S.C. 3841(h)]
[Sec. 2605]
Sec. 1242(h) of the FSA, as amended, requires that
No comparable provision
Replaces the 2008 farm bill title with the H.R. 6083 bill
USDA review the conservation practices standards
title requiring USDA to review the conservation practice
in effect on the date of enactment of the 2008 farm
standards in effect on the date of enactment. [Sec. 2606]
bill. [16 U.S.C. 3842(h)]
Sec. 1244 of the FSA, as amended, outlines
Adds veteran farmers and ranchers to the list of eligible
Adds veteran farmers and ranchers to the list of eligible
administrative requirements for conservation
persons authorized to receive incentives. Makes
persons authorized to receive incentives. Makes
programs including incentives for certain farmers or conforming amendments to reflect the new ACEP
conforming amendments to reflect the new ACEP
ranchers, privacy information, conservation plans,
program. Clarifies that conservation payments are in
program. Clarifies that conservation payments are in
acreage limitations, and applications, among others.
addition to and not included in any payment limit caps.
addition to and not included in any payment limit caps.
CRS-59


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
[16 U.S.C. 3844]
Allows for flexible funding arrangements for Indian Tribes. [Sec. 2607]
[Sec. 2606]

Sec. 2904 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy
Amends and adds the 2008 farm bill regulations provision
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2609]
Act of 2008, (P.L. 110-246, 2008 farm bill) requires
to a new Sec. 1246 of the FSA. Al ows interim final rules
USDA, in consultation with CCC, to issue rules and to be effective upon issuance. Removes the 90 day
regulations implementing Title II provisions within
promulgation requirement and CCC consultation. [Sec.
90 days. Waives certain rulemaking requirements.
2607]
Sec. 1261(b) of the FSA, as amended, requires
Amends provision to allow USDA to review and update
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2608]
USDA to develop standard committee operating
standards as necessary. [Sec. 2608]
procedures for State Technical Committees. [16
U.S.C. 3861(b)]

Sec. 1211 et seq. of the FSA, as amended, requires
Conservation Compliance: Adds the federally funded
No comparable provision.
that in exchange for certain USDA program
portion of crop insurance premiums to the list of
benefits, a producer agrees to maintain a minimum
program benefits that could be lost if a producer is found
level of conservation on highly erodible land. Highly
to produce an agricultural commodity on certain
erodible land can be considered eligible for
converted wetlands or highly erodible land without an
program benefits if the land user agrees to cultivate
approved conservation plan or qualifying exemption. A
the land using an approved conservation plan or
person found in violation during a crop year shal be
qualifies for an exemption. Examples of affected
ineligible for crop insurance payment. This applies to
benefit include commodity support programs (e.g.,
reinsurance years subsequent to the date of the final
Title I farm bill programs), conservation programs,
determination of a violation and does not apply to the
disaster payments, and operating loans. [16 U.S.C.
existing reinsurance year or any reinsurance year prior to
3811 et seq.]
the date of the final determination.
Highly Erodible Land Program Ineligibility
Ineligibility for crop insurance shall 1) only apply to
reinsurance years subsequent to the date of a violation. 2)
not apply to the existing reinsurance year or any
reinsurance year prior to the date of final determination.
A person subject to this part for the first time after May
1, 2013, would be given 5 reinsurance years to develop
and comply with an approved conservation plan to remain
eligible for payments.
For any person who would have been determined in
violation of of programs requiring compliance after
CRS-60


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
enactment of the 2008 farm bill, and remains in violation
must be granted 2 reinsurance years to develop and
comply with an approved conservation plan.
Wetland Conservation Program Ineligibility
Under Wetland Conservation Program Ineligibility, a
participant is provided one reinsurance year to initiate a
conservation plan to remedy a violation before being
determined ineligible.
A person subject to this subsection or subsection (d) for
the first time will be granted 2 reinsurance years after the
date of the final determination to take steps to remedy
the violation.
For converted wetland violations determined converted
after enactment of the 2008 farm bill but before May 1,
2013, and continue to be in violation—the person has 2
reinsurance years to begin the mitigation process.
For wetlands converted after May 1, 2013—the person
will be ineligible for premium subsidy in subsequent
reinsurance years unless certain factors apply.
When a wetland is converted prior to the date of
enactment of the 2008 farm bill, ineligibility shall not
apply.
For an agricultural commodity for which an individual
policy is available for the first time to a person after
enactment of this bill, ineligibility shall only apply to
conversions that are effective after the date on which the
policy first becomes available to the person, and the
person shall take steps to mitigate any prior conversion –
not to exceed 2 calendar years.
Requires the Secretary to give the person one
reinsurance year to begin mitigation if the person acted in
good faith and did not intend to violate the section.
Requires the Secretary to provide an annual report to
CRS-61


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Congress regarding ineligibility determinations limited to
previous 12 months.
Persons seeking payment for a portion of a crop
insurance policy must certify their compliance to the
Secretary. If the Secretary does not make timely
determinations and a person is later found in violation,
the person will remain eligible for payment
The Secretary has authority to determine the amount of
the penalty for violations, with limits – not exceeding the
total paid premium.
The Secretary has sole responsibility to determine
whether a producer is eligible for crop insurance. [Sec.
2609(a)] [Sec. 2609(a)]
Sec. 1221 et seq. of the FSA, as amended, requires
Adds the federally funded portion of crop insurance
No comparable provision.
that in exchange for certain USDA program
premiums to the list of program benefits that could be
benefits, a producer agrees not to convert wetlands lost if a producer is found to have converted a wetland to
to crop production. The provision, known as
crop production. [Sec. 2609(b)]
Swampbuster, affects producers who plant a
program crop on a wetland converted after
December 23, 1985, or who convert wetlands,
making agricultural commodity production possible,
after November 28, 1990. Examples of affected
benefit include commodity support programs (e.g.,
Title I farm bill programs), conservation programs,
disaster payments, and operating loans. [16 U.S.C.
3812 et seq.]

Repeal of Superseded Program Authorities and Transitional Provisions

Sec. 1230 of the FSA, as amended authorizes and
Repeals the comprehensive conservation enhancement
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2701]
establishes the comprehensive conservation
program. [Sec. 2701]
enhancement program between FY1996-FY2002.
[16 U.S.C. 3830]
Sec. 1231A of the FSA, as amended, authorizes and
Repeals the emergency forestry conservation reserve
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2702]
establishes the emergency forestry conservation
program with transition provisions for current contracts
reserve program within CRP for areas suffering
to receive CRP funding until expiration. Effective October
CRS-62


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
damage during the CY2005 hurricanes. [16 U.S.C.
1, 2013. [Sec. 2702]
3831a]
Sec. 1237-1237F of the FSA, as amended,
Repeals WRP with transition provisions for current
Similar to the Senate bill but does not allow the use of
authorizes and establishes the Wetlands Reserve
contracts and easements to receive CCC funding until
prior year CCC funding for contracts entered into before
Program (WRP). [16 U.S.C. 3837-3837f]
expiration. ACEP funding may also be used. Effective
October 1, 2012. Does al ow the use of ACEP funding.
October 1, 2013. [Sec. 2703]
[Sec. 2703]
Sec. 1238H-1238J of the FSA, as amended,
Repeals FPP with transition provisions for current
Similar to the Senate bill but does not allow the use of
authorizes and establishes the Farmland Protection
agreements and easements to receive CCC funding until
prior year CCC funding for contracts entered into before
Program (FPP) and the Farm Viability Program. [16
expiration. ACEP funding may also be used once prior
October 1, 2012. Does al ow the use of ACEP funding.
U.S.C. 3838h-3838j]
year funding is exhausted. Also repeals the Farm Viability
[Sec. 2704]
Program. Effective October 1, 2013. [Sec. 2704]
Sec. 1238N-1238P of the FSA, as amended,
Repeals GRP with transition provisions for current
Similar to the Senate bill but does not allow the use of
authorizes and establishes the Grasslands Reserve
contracts, agreements, and easements to receive CCC
prior year CCC funding for contracts entered into before
Program (GRP). [16 U.S.C. 3838n-3838p]
funding until expiration. ACEP funding may also be used.
October 1, 2012. Does al ow the use of ACEP funding.
Effective October 1, 2013. [Sec. 2705]
[Sec. 2705]
Sec. 1240I of the FSA, as amended, authorizes and
Repeals AWEP with transition provisions for current
Similar to the Senate bill but does not allow the use of
establishes the Agricultural Water Enhancement
contracts and agreements to receive CCC funding until
prior year CCC funding for contracts entered into before
Program (AWEP) within EQIP. [16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
expiration. RCPP funding may also be used once prior
October 1, 2012. Does al ow the use of RCPP funding.
9]
year funding is exhausted. Effective October 1, 2013.
[Sec. 2706]
[Sec. 2706]
Sec. 1240N of the FSA, as amended, authorizes and
Repeals WHIP with transition provisions for current
Similar to the Senate bill but does not allow the use of
establishes the Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program
contracts to receive CCC funding until expiration. EQIP
prior year CCC funding for contracts entered into before
(WHIP). [16 U.S.C. 3839bb-1]
funding may also be used once prior year funding is
October 1, 2012. Does al ow the use of EQIP funding.
exhausted. Effective October 1, 2013. [Sec. 2707]
[Sec. 2707]
Sec. 1240P of the FSA, as amended, authorizes and
Repeals the Great Lakes basin program effective October
Identical to Senate bill. [Sec. 2708]
establishes the Great Lakes Basin Program for Soil
1, 2013. [Sec. 2708]
Erosion and Sediment Control. [16 U.S.C.
3839bb-3].

Sec. 1240Q of the FSA, as amended, authorizes and
Repeals the Chesapeake Bay Watershed program with
Similar to the Senate bill but does not allow the use of
establishes the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
transition provisions for current contracts, agreements,
prior year CCC funding for contracts entered into before
program. [16 U.S.C. 3839bb-4]
and easements entered into under the program to
October 1, 2012. Does al ow the use of RCPP funding.
receive CCC funding until expiration. RCPP funding may
[Sec. 2709]
also be used. Effective October 1, 2013. [Sec. 2709]
CRS-63


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Sec. 1243 of the FSA, as amended, authorizes and
Repeals CCPI with transition provisions for current
Similar to the Senate bill but does not allow the use of
establishes the Cooperative Conservation
contracts and agreements to receive CCC funding until
prior year CCC funding for contracts entered into before
Partnership Initiative (CCPI). [16 U.S.C. 3843]
expiration. RCPP funding may also be used once prior
October 1, 2012. Does al ow the use of RCPP funding.
year funding is exhausted. Effective October 1, 2013.
[Sec. 2710]
[Sec. 2710]
Sec. 1239-1239D of the FSA, as amended,
Repeals the environmental easement program. [Sec.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 2711]
authorizes and establishes the environmental
2011]
easement program between CY1991-CY1995. [16
U.S.C. 3839-3839d]

No comparable provision.
Provides technical amendments and spelling corrections.
Nearly identical to the Senate bill with minor differences.
[Sec. 2012]
[Sec. 2712]

CRS-64


Title III. Trade
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Food for Peace Act (All section references in this subsection are to this act.)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Amends Sec. 201 of the Food for Peace Act to specify
that Title II emergency and nonemergency assistance is to
be implemented by the Administrator of the U.S. Agency
for International Development (USAID) [Sec. 3001]
Section 202(e)(1) Support for Eligible
Amends Section 202(e)(1) to increase the funds made
Reduces funds available to eligible organizations to not
Organizations. Provides that of the funds made
available to eligible organizations for program,
less than 7.5% nor more than 11% for program,
available for Title II emergency and nonemergency
administrative and distribution activities to not less than
administrative, and distribution activities. [Sec. 3002]
food assistance in each fiscal year, the
13% nor more than 15% of funds available for Title II
Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International
emergency and nonemergency assistance. [Sec. 3001]
Development (USAID) shall make available to
eligible organizations (private voluntary
organizations, cooperatives and intergovernmental
organizations) not less than 7.5% nor more than
13% to assist them in establishing new programs,
meeting specific administrative, management,
personnel and internal transportation and
distribution costs for carrying out programs, and
improving and implementing methodologies for
food aid programs, including monitoring, and
evaluation. [7 U.S.C. 1722(e)(1)]
Food Aid Quality. Section 202(h)(1) provides
Replaces and expands Section 202(h)(1) to require that
Requires the Administrator in consultation with the
that the Administrator of USAID shall use the funds the Administrator use funds available to carry out Title II
Secretary of Agriculture (Secretary) to establish a
made available each fiscal year from 2009 and
to assess types and quality of agricultural commodities
mechanism to assure food aid quality. Inserts new
subsequent fiscal years to carry out Title II to
donated as food aid; adjust products and formulation, as
language requiring evaluation of agricultural commodities
assess the types and quality of agricultural
necessary to meet nutrient needs of target populations;
and products in different program settings and for
commodities and products donated as food aid;
test prototypes; adopt new specifications or improve
particular recipient groups; establish and implement
adjust products and formulations (including the
existing specifications for micronutrient food aid
protocols for quality assurance of food products; and
potential introduction of new fortificants and
products, based on latest development in food and
periodically update program guidelines on recommended
products) as necessary to cost-effectively meet
nutrition science; develop new program guidance for
use of agricultural commodities and food products in food
nutrient needs of target populations; and to test
eligible organizations to facilitate improved matching of
aid programs; requires that the Administrator consult
prototypes. Authorizes not more than $4.5 million
products to purposes; develop improved guidance on
with the Secretary in carrying out food quality activities.
of funds made available for fiscal years 2009
how to address nutritional efficiencies among long-term
through 2011 to carry out this section. [7 U.S.C.
recipients of food aid; and evaluate the performance and

CRS-65


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
1722 (h)]
cost-effectiveness of new/modified food products and
Reduces funding for food aid quality activities from $4.5
program approaches to meet nutritional needs of
million for fiscal years 2009 through 2011 to not more
vulnerable groups. Extends authority to fund this section
than $1 million for fiscal years 2013 through 2017. [Sec.
for fiscal years 2014 through FY2018. [Sec. 3002]
3003]
Minimum Levels of Assistance. Requires the
Extends current minimum levels of assistance through
Same as the Senate bill. [Sec. 3004]
provision annually of a minimum of 2.5 million
FY2017. [Section 3003]
metric tons (mmt) of commodities under Title II, of
which 1.875 mmt are designated for nonemergency
programs under Title II. Both requirements may be
waived, under certain conditions, by the USAID
Administrator [7 U.S.C 1724]
Food Aid Consultative Group. Establishes the
Reauthorizes FACG through December 31, 2018. [Sec.
Reauthorizes the FACG through 2017.
Food Aid Consultative Group (FACG) composed
3004]
of the Administrator of USAID, the Secretary of
Adds representatives from the U.S. agricultural processing
Agriculture, representatives of eligible
sector to the list of members of the FACG.
organizations, and indigenous nongovernmental
Amends Section 205(d) to require the Administrator to
organizations in recipient countries, U.S. producer
consult with the FACG 45 days in advance of the
groups, and representatives of the maritime
issuance of implementation regulations, handbooks, and
transport sector who review overall program
guidelines.
effectiveness.
[7 U.S.C. 1725]
Requires that the Administrator seek input and consult
with the FACG on matters relating to food aid quality.
[Sec. 3005]
Administration. Sec. 207(f). Provides for
Amends Sec. 207(f) to authorize activities under this
Requires the Administrator to promptly issue guidance
program oversight, monitoring, and evaluation, and
section during the period FY2014 through FY2018.
with respect to changes in operation or implementation
requires that systems be established to accomplish
Removes requirements that GAO undertake a study of
of the Title II program.
these tasks. Requires an implementation report be
USAID’s oversight of nonemergency food aid programs.
prepared, to be reviewed by GAO, along with
[Sec. 3005]
Requires that not less than 270 days after enactment of
annual reporting. Authorizes appropriations up to
the farm bill, the Administrator must issue all regulations
$22 million of Title II funds be made available
and revisions to agency guidance necessary to implement
annual y (FY2008-13). Requires procedures be
amendments made to Title II by the 2012 farm bill.,
developed for providing commodities overseas in a
Provides funding of up to $10 million for each fiscal year
timely manner and according to delivery schedules.
for program oversight, monitoring and evaluation through
Authorizes use of up to $8 million of Title II funds
fiscal year 2017. (Reduced from $22 million for each
to be used for the Famine Early Warning System
fiscal year 2010 to 2012.)
Network. Authorizes $2.5 million (of the $22
CRS-66


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
million) to upgrade information technology systems
Requires the Administrator to report, within 270 days
in FY2009 to enhance monitoring of Title II non-
after the date of enactment, to the House and Senate
emergency programs. [7 U.S.C. 1726a]
Agriculture Committees, and the House Foreign Affairs
Committee on the implementation of regulations and
guidance; plus surveys, monitoring, reporting and audits of
programs conducted by the eligible organization and by
intergovernmental organizations such as the WFP. [Sec.
3006]


Assistance for Stockpiling and Rapid
Reauthorizes this provision through FY2017. [Sec. 3006]
Same as the House bill. [Sec. 3007]
Transportation, Delivery, and Distribution of
Shelf-Stable Prepackaged Foods.
Authorizes
grants for this assistance of $8 million each FY2008-
2013. [7 U.S.C. 1726b(f)]
No comparable provision.
Limitation on Total Volume of Commodities
No comparable provision.
Monetized. Amends Section 403 General Provisions of
the Food for Peace Act [7 U.S.C. 1733] to require that
the rate of return for a commodity monetized (sold in
recipient countries) be at least 70%. The “rate of return”
is defined as equal to the proportion that the proceeds
the implementing partners generate through monetization
bears to the cost to the federal government to procure
and ship the commodities to a recipient country for
monetization. The USAID Administrator may waive this
requirement but report the reasons for granting the
waiver and other information to House and Senate
Agriculture Committees, House Foreign Affairs, Senate
Foreign Relations, and House and Senate Appropriations
Committees. [Sec. 3007]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Impact on Local Farmers and Economy. Section
403(b) of the Food for Peace Act is amended to require
the Secretary or the Administrator as appropriate to seek
information as part of the proposal and submission
process from implementing partners on the potential
benefits to the local economy of sales of agricultural
CRS-67


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
commodities within the recipient country.
Amends Sec. 403(e) to require that monetized
commodities be sold at “fair market value” rather than at
“reasonable prices.” Requires the Secretary and
Administrator to coordinate assessments and the
development of approaches to be used by implementing
organizations for determining the fair market value.
Requires Administrator to submit to Congress 180 days
after enactment and annually thereafter a report
specifying amount of funds (for administrative costs,
indirect cost recovery, internal transportation storage
and handling and associated distribution costs) provided
to each eligible organization that receives assistance
under the act and describing how funds were used by
eligible organizations. [Sec. 3008]
Use of Commodity Credit Corporation. Sec.
Revises Sec. 406 of the Food for Peace Act to permit use
No comparable provision.
406 of the Food for Peace Act permits the
of funds available under the Food for Peace Act to pay
Commodity Credit Corporation to pay for costs
costs of up to 20% of activities conducted in recipient
associated with commodities made available,
countries by nonprofit voluntary organizations,
including cost of acquisition, costs of packaging,
cooperative, or intergovernmental organizations. [Sec.
enrichment, preservation or fortification; costs of
3008]
processing, transportation, and handling up to the
time of delivery to U.S. ports; freight charges from
US. ports (or designated Canadian transshipment
ports) to ports of entry abroad; and costs of ocean
transport. [7 U.S. C. 1736]
Procurement, Transportation, and Storage
Extends authority for prepositioning until 2018.
In addition to extending authority for prepositioning
of Agricultural Commodities for
Authorizes from $10 million to $15 million of funds made
through 2017 and authorizing from $10 million to $15
Prepositioning in the United States and
available for prepositioning. [Sec. 3009]
million for such purposes, also authorizes the
Foreign Countries. Sec. 407 authorizes the use
Administrator to establish additional prepositioning sites
of available funds to procure, transport and store
in foreign countries. [Sec. 3009]
agricultural commodities for prepositioning in the
U.S. and abroad. Authorizes USAID to use Title II

funds to procure transport, and store commodities
for prepositioning. Authorizes to be appropriated
up to $10 million in each of FY2008 through
CRS-68


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
FY2013 for these purposes. [7 U.S.C. 1736(c)(4)]
Annual Report Regarding Agricultural Trade
No comparable provision.
Amends Sec. 407(f) of the Food for Peace Act to include
Programs and Activities. Sec. 407(f). Requires
programs and activities under the McGovern-Dole
the Secretary and the Administrator to report to
International Food for Education and Child Nutrition
the appropriate committees on the programs and
Program. [Sec. 3010]
activities carried out under the act. Also requires
the Administrator to report annually on the
programs, commodities, provided, and
transportation and administrative costs incurred.
Expiration Date. Provides that no agreement
Extends authority to enter into agreements to December
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 3011]
under the Food for Peace Act shall be entered into
31, 2018. [Sec. 3010]
after December 31, 2013.
Minimum Level of Nonemergency Food
Repeals Section 412(e) and requires that of funds made
Authorizes $2 billion each year FY2013 through FY2017
Assistance. Sec. 412(e) specifies that of the funds
available under the Food for Peace Act, not less than 20%
for emergency and nonemergency food aid (reduced from
available for programs under the act, not less than
nor more than 30% shal be expended for nonemergency
$2.5. billion each fiscal year under the 2008 farm bill).
$375 million (FY2009), $400 million (FY2010), $425 food aid under Title II. Further, the amount made
mil ion (FY2011), and $450 million (FY2012 and
available to carry out nonemergency food aid programs
Requires $400 million each year FY2013 through FY2017
FY2013) shal be expended for nonemergency food
under Title II shall not be less than $275 million for any
for nonemergency assistance (down from $450 million in
aid. This “safe box” requirement can be waived
fiscal year. [Sec. 3011]
FY2012 under the 2008 farm bill. Does not alter “safe
only if the President determines that an
box” waiver requirements. [Sec. 3012]
extraordinary food emergency exists, that

resources from the Bill Emerson Trust (see below)
have been exhausted, and the President has
submitted a request for additional appropriations to
Congress equal to the amount needed to reach the
required spending level for nonemergency food aid
and the amount exhausted under the Emerson
Trust. [7 U.S.C. 1736f]
Micronutrient Fortification Programs. Section
Extends Micronutrient Fortification Programs through
Identical to the House bil . [Sec. 3013]
415 of the Food for Peace Act establishes a
FY2018. [Sec. 3013]
micronutrient fortification program for food aid
provided to recipient countries through FY2013 [7
U.S.C. 1736g-2]

John Ogonowski and Doug Bereuter Farmer-
Extends program through FY2017 and provides for annual Extends program through FY2017 and provides that not
to-Farmer Program. Authorizes voluntary
funding of not less than the greater of $10 million or 0.6% less than the greater of $15 million or 0.5% of funds
CRS-69


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
technical assistance to raise farm
of the amounts made available for each of fiscal years
available under the act shall be used to carry out the
production/incomes in developing and middle
2013 through 2018 to carry out the Farmer-to-Farmer
Farmer-to-Farmer program. [Sec. 3014]
income countries, emerging markets, and in Sub-
program. [Sec. 3014]
Saharan Africa and the Caribbean Basin. Program is
funded at the greater of not less than $10 million
or 0.5% of funds available under the act, through
FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 1737]
No comparable provision.
Prohibition on Assistance for North Korea. No
No comparable provision.
Title II funds can be used to provide assistance to North
Korea. The President can waive this funding prohibition if
the President determines and certifies to the House and
Senate Agriculture Committees, the House Foreign
Affairs Committee and the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee that the waiver is in the national interest of
the United States. [Sec. 3015]
Other Food Aid Programs


Food for Progress Act of 1985. The Food for
Extends program through 2018. Applies the flexibility and Same as the Senate bill. [Sec. 3201]
Progress Act provides commodities to support
limitation on monetization of commodities provisions that
countries that have made commitments to expand
apply to Title II nonemergency programs.(See Sec. 3007
free enterprise in their agricultural economies.
and Sec. 3008 above.) [Sec. 3201]
Authorized through FY2013.
[7 U.S.C. 1736o]
Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust. Establishes
Extends authority to replenish stocks to maintain the
Same as the Senate bill. [Sec. 3202]
a reserve of commodities and cash to meet
Trust until September 30, 2018. [Sec. 3202]
emergency food needs in developing countries
when there are unanticipated needs or when U.S.
domestic supplies are short. The Trust can be held
as a combination of cash and commodities. The
commodities in the Trust may be exchanged for
funds available under Title II or the McGovern-Dole
Program, or for sale in the market. The funds in the
Trust can be invested in low-risk short-term
securities or instruments. [7 U.S.C. 1736f-1 note]
McGovern-Dole International Food for
Authorizes such sums as necessary to carry out the
Same as the Senate bill. [Sec. 3204]
Education and Child Nutrition Program.
McGovern-Dole program for each of FY 2014 through
CRS-70


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Makes available U.S. agricultural commodities,
FY2018. [Sec. 3204]
financial and technical assistance to carry out food
for education and child nutrition programs in
foreign countries. Authorizes such sums as may be
necessary during FY2008-2013. [7 U.S.C. 1736o-1]
Local and Regional Food Aid Procurement
Establishes a local and regional procurement program
No comparable provision.
Pilot Projects. Establishes a pilot program for
with appropriations of $60 million authorized for each of
local and regional purchase of commodities for
FY2014 through FY2018. Preference in carrying out this
famine prevention to be conducted by USDA with
program may be given to eligible organizations that have,
$60 million in CCC funding (FY2009-2012). [7
or are working toward, projects under the McGovern-
U.S.C. 1726c]
Dole International Food for Education and Child
Nutrition Program. [Sec. 3207]
No comparable provision
Donald Payne Horn of Africa Food Resilience
No comparable provision.
Program. Establishes a pilot program to effectively
integrate all U.S.-funded emergency and long-term
development activities that aim to improve food security
in the Horn of Africa. Authorizes $10 million to carry
out pilot project, subject to appropriations. Requires
USAID Administrator to report to appropriate
committees of Congress on the outcomes of the project.
[Sec. 3208]

Trade Provisions


Export Credit Guarantee Program.
Amends 7 U.S.C. 5641(b) by striking the section and
Reauthorizes the Export Credit Guarantee Program
Authorizes the Commodity Credit Corporation to
replacing it with the requirement that the Commodity
through FY2017. [Sec. 3101]
guarantee the credit made available to finance
Credit Corporation make available for each year FY2014
commercial export sales of agricultural
through FY2018 credit guarantees in an amount equal to
commodities. The CCC is required to make
not more than $4.5 billion. [Sec. 3101]
available the lesser of $5.5 billion annually of
guarantees or the sum of guarantees supported by
$40 million in budget authority plus the amount of
guarantees that the CCC can make available from
unobligated prior fiscal year balances. [ 7 U.S.C.
56419(b)]

Market Access Program. The Market Access
Reauthorizes MAP at current mandatory funding levels of Identical to the Senate bil .[Sec. 3102]
Program (MAP) provides for CCC funding of
$200 million annual y through FY2018. [Sec. 3102]
CRS-71


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
export market development for U.S. agricultural
commodities (generic and branded) by eligible trade
organizations. Authorizes CCC funding of $200
mil ion annual y, Provides also for market
development for products that are organically-
produced. [7 U.S.C. 5623]
Foreign Market Development Cooperator
Reauthorizes at current mandatory funding levels of $34.5 Identical to the Senate bil . [Sec. 3103]
Program. The Foreign Market Development
mil ion annual y through FY2018. [Sec. 3103]
Cooperator Program (FMDP) authorizes USDA to
establish and carry out a program to maintain and
develop foreign markets for bulk or generic U.S.
agricultural commodities and products. [7 U.S.C.
5721]

Promotion of Agricultural exports to
Extends EMP through fiscal year 2018. [Sec. 3203]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 3203]
Emerging Markets. The Emerging Markets
Program (EMP) promotes U.S. agricultural exports
in emerging markets. Authorizes direct credits or
export credit guarantees of not less than $1 billion
each fiscal year 2008 through 2013 for exports to
emerging markets. Requires export credit
guarantees be made available to establish or
improve facilities and services for U.S. products. In
addition, authorizes up to $10 million each fiscal
year 2008 through 2013 of CCC funding to be
made available to carry out technical assistance
activities that promote the export of U.S.
agricultural products and address technical barriers
to trade in emerging markets, technical assistance
can include feasibility studies, market research,
industry sector assessments, specialized training,
and business workshops. [7 U.S.C. 5622 note]
Technical Assistance for Specialty Crops).
Reauthorizes TASC at current mandatory funding levels
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 3205]
Technical Assistance for Specialty Crops (TASC)
of $9 million annually through FY2018. [Sec. 3205]
authorizes USDA to address barriers prohibiting or
threatening exports of U.S. specialty crops.
Authorizes mandatory CCC funds reaching $9
CRS-72


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
mil ion annual y (FY2011-FY2013). [7 U.S.C. 5680]
Global Crop Diversity Trust. Requires USAID
Reauthorizes U.S. contribution to the Global Crop
Reauthorizes U.S. contribution to the Global Crop
Administrator to contribute to the Global Crop
Diversity Fund for FY2013-FY2018. [Sec. 3206]
Diversity Fund at $50 million for the period FY2013
Diversity Trust for germ plasm conservation (up to
through FY2017. [Sec. 3206]
$60 million over 5 years) provided that the U.S.
contribution not exceed one-fourth of the total of
funds contributed to the Trust from al sources.
[22 U.S.C. 2220a note]
No comparable provision.
Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and
Under Secretary of Agriculture for Foreign
Foreign Agricultural Affairs. Requires the Secretary,
Agricultural Services. Authorizes the Secretary to
in consultation with the House and Senate Agriculture
establish the position of Under Secretary of Agriculture
Committees and House and Senate Appropriations
for Foreign Agricultural Services. [Sec. 3207]
Committees to propose a plan for reorganization of the
trade functions of USDA, including the establishment of
an Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign
Agricultural Affairs. The Secretary is required to report
on the plan 180 days after the farm bill’s enactment, and
within one year of submission of the report, the Secretary
shall implement the reorganization plan including
establishment of the Under Secretary position. [Sec.
3209]

CRS-73


Title IV. Nutrition
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
Governmental or nonprofit grocery delivery
Adds to the definition of retail food store any “public or
Adds “governmental and non-profit food purchasing and
services. Nonprofit grocery delivery services for
private nonprofit food purchasing and delivery service”
delivery service[s]” that serve the elderly and disabled to
the elderly and disabled are not defined as a “retail
that serves the elderly and disabled. There is considerable the definition of a retail food store, emphasizing that
food store” that can accept SNAP benefits. Such
drafting variation between this and the H.R. 1947
delivery fees are not to be paid with SNAP. Requires
establishments must negotiate waivers with USDA
provision, but the policy changes are largely the same.
USDA regulations to include certain protections and
in order to accept SNAP benefits. Under various
[Sec. 4001]
limitations. [Sec. 4003]
authorities and waivers other retailers may conduct
deliveries to SNAP participants, but fees may not
be paid with SNAP benefits. [7 U.S.C. 2012(k),
(p)]

Standard Utility Allowances. A SNAP
Only LIHEAP payments above $10 would confer this
Only LIHEAP payments above $20 would confer this
household can use a Low Income Home Energy
potential advantage. Payments of $10 or less would no
potential advantage. Payments of $20 or less would no
Assistance Program (LIHEAP) payment (regardless
longer entitle a household to earn a “standard utility
longer entitle a household to earn a “standard utility
of the amount of that payment) to document that
al owance" (SUA) during the benefit calculation process. If al owance" (SUA) during the benefit calculation process. If
the household has incurred heating and cooling
a household received below $10 in LIHEAP assistance,
a household received below $20 in LIHEAP assistance,
costs. This documentation triggers a standard utility households would have to present alternate
households would have to present alternate
allowance (SUA), a figure that enters into the SNAP documentation of utility costs in order to have utilities
documentation of utility costs in order to have utilities
benefit calculation equation. Unless the household
factored into calculating their excess shelter deduction.
factored into calculating their excess shelter deduction..
is already receiving the maximum SNAP benefit, a
[Sec. 4003]
[Sec. 4007]
household’s monthly benefit can increase if the SUA
calculation results in an excess shelter deduction.
[7 U.S.C. 2014(e)(6)(C)]
Broad-based Categorical Eligibility. States may No comparable provision.
Ends “broad-based categorical eligibility," and limits
opt to implement broad-based categorical eligibility.
categorical eligibility to SNAP applicants that receive
Under broad-based categorical eligibility, a SNAP
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) cash
applicant that receives Temporary Assistance for
assistance, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), and state-
Needy Families (TANF) cash assistance,
funded general assistance cash benefits. [Sec. 4005]
Supplemental Security Income (SSI), state-funded
general assistance cash benefits, or any TANF-
funded benefit, may be deemed eligible for SNAP
benefits, if certain income conditions are met. Per
USDA regulation, the TANF-funded benefit must
be for households at or below 200% of the federal
CRS-74


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
poverty line. [7 U.S.C. 2014(a)]
Verification of Immigration Status. Under
No comparable provision.
Requires all SNAP agencies to verify immigration status
current law and regulation, states must verify
using the SAVE system. [Sec. 4014]
noncitizens’ immigration status, but do not have to
use the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services’
Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements
(SAVE) Program. [7 U.S.C. 2020(p); 42 U.S.C.
1320b–7]

Student Eligibility. In most cases, col ege
Adds the requirement that those students enrol ed in
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 4008]
students ages 18-50 (attending higher education
post-secondary institutions as a requirement of
courses half-time or more) are ineligible for SNAP.
participation in “SNAP Employment and Training,” must
A student enrolled in an institution of higher
be enrol ed in certain employment-oriented training to
education more than half-time is eligible for SNAP
qualify for SNAP; specifically, this includes certain career
benefits only if the individual meets one or more of
and technical education, remedial courses, basic adult
the following qualifications: (1) under 18 years old,
education, literacy, or English as a second language. [Sec.
or age 50 or older; (2) disabled; (3) employed at
4004]
least 20 hours/week or participates in a work-study
program during the school year; (4) a parent (in
some circumstances); (5) receiving Temporary
Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) cash
assistance benefits; OR (6) enrol ed in school
because of participation in certain programs. One
program enrollment exception is a “SNAP
Employment and Training” program. [7 U.S.C.
2015(e)]

Lottery and Gambling Winnings. No
Creates explicit ineligibility for households that receive
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 4009]
comparable provision. Authorizing statute
“substantial lottery or gambling winnings” (as determined
establishes income and asset thresholds for SNAP
by USDA) until the household meets the SNAP resources
eligibility, including that lump-sum, non-recurring
(assets) and income eligibility limits. State SNAP agencies
payments are to be counted as resources (assets)
are to establish agreements with the state gaming agency
not income. [7 U.S.C. 2014]
in order to make determinations of winnings. [Sec. 4005]
Excess Medical Expense Deduction.
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to promulgate regulations to ensure that
Households that include an elderly or disabled
medical marijuana is not treated as a medical expense in
member may have excess medical expenses, as
the calculation of the excess medical expenses deduction.
defined and calculated by statute, deducted from
[Sec. 4006]
CRS-75


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
the household’s gross income. It has been reported
that some agencies are including medical marijuana
expenses in this calculation. FNS issued a policy
memorandum on July 10, 2012 clarifying that this is
against SNAP law. [7 U.S.C. 2014(e)(5)]
Retail Food Store Definition. SNAP benefits
Amends retail food store definition so that perishable
Amends retail food store definition so that perishable
can be accepted only by authorized retailers.
foods must be provided in at least three of the staple
foods must be provided in at least three of the staple
Among other application requirements, USDA
food categories. [Sec. 4006(a)]
food categories (identical to Senate bill). [Sec. 4002(a)]
authorization of a retailer is based on the retailer’s
inventory and sales. SNAP law defines a retail food
Gives USDA the authority to consider whether the
Like Senate bill, gives USDA the authority to consider
store, and includes within that definition an
applicant store “is located in an area with significantly
whether the applicant store “is located in an area with
establishment that either (1) offers, on a continuous limited access to food” as well as the store’s “depth of
significantly limited access to food” and adds and
basis, a variety of foods in each of 4 staple food
stock, variety of staple food items, and the sale of
strengthens requirements about the adequacy of the
categories [defined in 7 U.S.C. 2012(r)(1)], including [ineligible items listed in Food and Nutrition Act].” The
store’s EBT service. Does not include USDA authority
perishable foods in at least two of the categories,
bill also adds and strengthens requirements about the
to consider the store’s “depth of stock, variety of staple
or (2) has over 50% of its sales in staple foods.
adequacy of the store’s EBT service. [Sec. 4006(c), (d)]
food items, and the sale of [ineligible items listed in Food
Authority exists to consider the nature and extent
and Nutrition Act].” [Sec. 4002 (c), (d)]
of the food business conducted. [7 U.S.C.
2012(p)(1), 2018]

Electronic Benefit Transfer, Manual
Shifts the costs of EBT machinery to retailer (with
Similar to the Senate bill except in the “unique terminal
Vouchers. An electronic benefit transfer (EBT)
exemptions for certain retailers, such as farmers’
identification number information” provision, (i) the
point-of-sale machine can be provided by the state
markets). Bars states from issuing manual SNAP
House chair’s mark includes further specifications for
agency to the retailer at no cost to the retailer
vouchers or al owing retailers to accept manual vouchers
USDA’s rulemaking including “the Secretary shall consider
(many retailers choose to purchase credit card
unless USDA makes such a determination that
existing commercial practices for other point-of-sale debit
machines that also accept EBT). Although SNAP
circumstances or categories of retailers warrant use of
transactions” and that proposed regulations must be
has transitioned to being fully EBT, and paper
manual vouchers. Requires EBT service providers to
issued “not earlier than 2 years after the date of
coupon (“food stamps”) are no longer offered,
provide for and maintain “unique terminal identification
enactment,” (ii) requires retailers to maintain “unique
authority exists to accept manual SNAP vouchers.
number information.” [Sec. 4006(b)]
business identification” in addition to “terminal
Some small retailers use these rather than acquiring
identification number” Also, specifies that the exemption
an EBT machine. No statutory requirements
to cost-sharing may apply to, not only farmers’ markets,
regarding unique terminal identification numbers
but other “direct-to-consumer” markets. [Sec. 4002(b)]
for EBT machines. [7 U.S.C. 2016(f), 2018(h)(3)]
Replacement of Cards. Permits state agencies
Adds additional measures regarding “purposeful loss of
Nearly identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 4010]
to col ect a fee for replacement of an EBT card by
cards.” USDA may require a state agency to decline a
reducing the monthly allotment of the participating
request for a replacement card unless the household
household. [7 U.S.C. 2016(h)(8)]
provides an explanation for the loss of the card. The
CRS-76


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
USDA requirements must include protections for
vulnerable individuals (homeless, disabled, victims of
crimes). USDA is to assure certain procedures occur and
that procedures are consistent with participants’ existing
due process protections. [Sec. 4007]
Technology Modernization. No explicit
Requires, depending on results of a demonstration
Mobile technologies provision is similar to the Senate bill
provisions regarding non-wired EBT machinery for
project, that USDA authorize retailers with EBT mobile
except the language appears to limit the authority to a
redemption or online SNAP transactions are
technologies, if retailers meet certain requirements.
USDA pilot/demonstration on mobile technologies and
included in the authorizing statute. From FY2012
Authorizes and requires the demonstration project and
does not create the authority to continue the
appropriations, USDA is using $4 million to expand
report to be completed by July 1, 2015, and USDA to
redemptions after the end of pilot. The House provision
EBT point of sale devices at farmers markets. A
authorize wireless retailers beginning January 1, 2016,
does not set a date for the mobile technologies report to
number of regulations would need to be rewritten
unless USDA reports to congressional committees of
Congress. [Sec. 4011] With respect to authorizing
or waived to allow redemption via the Internet. [7
jurisdiction that it determines authorization should not be retailers to accept benefits online, the House bill has no
U.S.C. 2016(h), P.L. 112-55]
implemented. Mobile technologies are defined as
provision comparable to the Senate bill.
“electronic means other than wired point of sale devices.”
A similar statutory provision is included for USDA to
authorize retailers to accept benefits online, contingent
upon results of a demonstration project and a report to
Congress. [Sec. 4008]
No comparable provision.
Community-Supported Agriculture. Makes SNAP
Nearly identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 4012]
benefits redeemable for shares of Community-Supported
Agriculture (CSA). In a CSA, a farmer or community
garden grows food for a group of local residents—
members, shareholders, or subscribers—who pledge
support to a farm at the beginning of each year by
agreeing to cover the farm’s expected costs and risks. In
return, the members receive shares of the farm's
production during the growing season. [Sec. 4009]
Restaurant Meals Program. States may choose
Creates added responsibilities for state agencies, private
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 4013]
to operate a restaurant meals program, allowing
establishments, and USDA before restaurants may
homeless, disabled, or elderly households to
participate in a restaurant meals program. For
redeem SNAP benefits at restaurants that offer
restaurants that have contracted with the state to accept
concessional prices. States contract with
SNAP benefits before this provision is enacted, the
restaurants, and USDA authorizes them as SNAP
restaurant may continue to accept SNAP without meeting
retailers. [7 U.S.C. 2012(k)(3),(4),(9)]
the additional requirements for no more than 180 days.
[Sec. 4010]
CRS-77


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Quality Control. SNAP’s Quality Control (QC)
Strikes the Secretary’s authority to waive QC penalties.
Sets $25 as the threshold level for reporting SNAP errors
system measures the accuracy of the eligibility and
Makes no changes to the error threshold. [Sec. 4011]
in the quality control system for FY2013. In subsequent
benefits calculation in SNAP. Consistently low
years, adjusts for inflation based on the growth of the
performing states are subject to financial penalties.
cost of the thrifty food plan. [Sec. 4030]
The statute gives the Secretary authority to waive
penalties. [7 U.S.C. 2025(c))] The American
Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
temporarily changed the definition of the quality
control error threshold by raising it from $25 to
$50 (meaning that SNAP errors lower than $50
would not “count" as errors in the quality control
system). USDA made the $50 threshold permanent
in regulation in November 2011. [7 U.S.C.
2025(c); P.L. 111-5; 7 CFR 275.12(f)(2)]

Performance Bonus Awards. State agencies are
Requires states to reinvest bonus payments into the
Repeals the SNAP performance bonus awards. [Sec.
currently eligible for, in total, $48 million per year
state’s SNAP program. [Sec. 4012]
4018]
in performance awards. These grant awards are
provided to states for performance
accomplishments in payment accuracy, program
access, application timeliness, and best negative
(improper denial) error rate. There is currently no
requirement that these performance awards be
reinvested in SNAP. [7 U.S.C. 2025(d)]
Employment and Training (E&T). The federal
Provides $90 million in mandatory funds in FY2014,
Reduces the $90 million to $79 million. Establishes
government funds SNAP E&T in 4 ways: (1) $90
FY2015, FY2016, and FY2017. Reduces mandatory
additional monitoring, performance measures, and
million in mandatory funds that are allocated and
funding to $80 million for 2018 and each fiscal year
reporting requirements for SNAP E&T. [Sec. 4019,
reallocated to states based on a formula, (2) $20
thereafter. [Sec. 4013]
4020] See also Sec. 4021 below.
million in mandatory funding allocated to states that
pledge to provide E&T to all able-bodied adults
Authorizes pilot projects to identify best practices for
without dependents (ABAWDs), (3) open-ended
E&T programs “to raise the number of work registrants
matching funds for states' administrative costs for
who obtain unsubsidized employment, increase their
E&T, and (4) open-ended matching funds for states'
earned income, and reduce their reliance on public
reimbursement of E&T participants' dependent care
assistance.” Provides $10 million in mandatory funding
and transportation costs. Program requirements,
for each of FY2014, FY2015, FY2016. USDA is to report
uptake of these funds, and activities designed vary
to Congress on the pilot projects by the end of FY2017.
by state. [7 U.S.C. 2025(h), et al]
[Sec. 4022]
CRS-78


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Appropriations. Authorizes appropriations for
Reauthorizes appropriations for SNAP and related
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 4023]
SNAP and related programs through FY2013. [7
programs through FY2018. [Sec. 4014]
U.S.C. 2027(a), P.L. 112-240]
Nutrition Education and Obesity Prevention
Adds promoting physical activity as an allowable use of
Adds the same provision as the Senate bill, but also
Grant Program. Formerly SNAP Nutrition
the funding. [Sec. 4017]
reduces funding for FY2014 and then adjusts for inflation
Education or “SNAP-Ed,” this program provides
in subsequent years. CBO has estimated that these
formula grant funding for states to provide
changes will reduce funding for the program by $130
programs for SNAP (and other domestic food
million over five years and $274 million over ten years.
assistance program) participants as well as other
[Sec. 4027]
low-income households. With these funds, “[s]tate
agencies may implement a nutrition education and
obesity prevention program for eligible individuals
that promotes healthy food choices consistent with
the most recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans.”
[7 U.S.C. 2036a(b)] FY2013 funding was reduced
by $110 million by P.L. 112-240.
Trafficking. Authorizes civil penalties and SNAP
Provides USDA $5 mil ion in FY2014 in additional
Similar to the Senate bill except that the House bill
disqualification penalties for retailers that engage in
mandatory funding to track and prevent SNAP trafficking.
provides USDA $5 million annually in additional
SNAP trafficking (the sale of SNAP benefits for
Also authorizes $12 million subject to appropriations for
mandatory funding to track and prevent SNAP trafficking.
money or ineligible items). USDA enforces those
each year FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 4018]
[Sec. 4028]
penalties through a variety of activities and funds
from the SNAP account. Approximately $8 million
each year was obligated for retailer integrity and
trafficking in FY2010, FY2011, and FY2012. [7
U.S.C. 2021(b)(3)]

Bottle Deposits and Trafficking. Under
No comparable provision.
Amends SNAP law, so that benefits cannot be used to pay
current law, if SNAP is used to buy a bottle of non-
for container deposits. Recipients would have to
alcoholic beverage, SNAP benefits will pay for a
supplement their SNAP purchases of such bottles with
bottle deposit in a state where such deposits are in
their own cash to pay for bottle deposits. [Sec. 4001]
effect, and then the SNAP participant may return
the bottle for the cash deposit in return. The 2008
farm bill added a provision barring SNAP recipients
from intentionally destroying food (e.g., pouring out
liquid) in order to claim the bottle deposit. [7
U.S.C. 2016(p)]
. USDA has included this practice
CRS-79


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
into the definition of trafficking [7 C.F.R. 271.2].
Retailer Trafficking Investigation and
No comparable provision.
Allows pilot project opportunities for states to run
Enforcement. States enforce beneficiary
retailer fraud investigation. Additional federal funding is
trafficking and other fraudulent activities, while the
not provided. [Sec. 4016]
federal government has jurisdiction over SNAP
retailer trafficking and other fraud. [7 U.S.C.
2021, 7 C.F.R. 278.7]

Validating Participation. States are required to
No comparable provision.
Requires states to submit annual reports demonstrating
match Social Security data to assure that deceased
that the agency has not provided benefits to deceased
individuals are not receiving SNAP benefits.
individuals or to households simultaneously receiving
Households are prohibited from receiving benefits
benefits in another state or to an individual that was
in multiple states simultaneously. There is a
disqualified from receiving benefits. Penalty for
database of individuals that have been disqualified
noncompliance is a 50% reduction in federal share of
from SNAP. [7 U.S.C. 2015(j), 2020(r)]
administrative costs. [Sec. 4032]
Outreach. While federal matching funds are
No comparable provision.
Further specifies that the federal administrative cost-
provided for states’ SNAP administrative costs,
sharing is not available for state “recruitment activities
those matching funds are not available for certain
designed to persuade an individual to apply for program
recruitment activities (defined in regulation). USDA
benefits or that promote the program via television,
may use appropriated funds for SNAP outreach
radio, or bil board advertisements.” Creates additional
activities including advertisements. Since 2004, the
restrictions for the SNAP funding authorized to be
USDA has partnered with Mexico to provide
appropriated, including recruitment activities designed to
information about the nutrition assistance programs
persuade an individual to apply, certain media
for eligible new Americans at Mexican consulates in
advertisements (advertisement restriction does not apply
the United States. [7 U.S.C. 2025(a), 7 U.S.C.
to disaster assistance); and agreements with foreign
2027(a), 7 CFR 272.5]
governments designed to promote the program. Bans
entities from compensating individuals for conducting
SNAP outreach, if compensation is based on the number
of individuals recruited for program. [Sec. 4017]
Section 17 of the Food and Nutrition Act gives
No comparable provision.
Mandates cooperation of “states, state agencies, local
USDA SNAP (and other programs authorized by
agencies, institutions, facilities such as data consortiums,
the act) research and evaluation authorities but
and contractors” participating in Food and Nutrition Act
does not explicitly require cooperation of related
programs in USDA evaluations and studies. [Sec. 4021]
institutions. [7 U.S.C. 2026]
[See also Section 4020 (discussed above)]
Data Exchange Standardization. In recent
No comparable provision.
Adds these data exchange standards for SNAP to the
years, authorizing laws of the Temporary
Food and Nutrition Act. [Sec. 4015]
CRS-80


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Assistance for Needy Families and Unemployment
Insurance have been amended to include data
exchange standards. [P.L. 112-96, Secs. 2105,
4003]

Eligibility Disqualifications for Ex-offenders.
Bars individuals convicted of specified federal crimes
No comparable provision.
Under SNAP current law, added by the 1996
(including murder, rape, certain crimes against children),
welfare reform law, states have the option to
and state offenses determined by the Attorney General to
disqualify individuals with drug-related convictions,
be substantially similar, from receiving SNAP. Still allows
opt out of the ban entirely, or modify the ban. As
the disqualified ex-offender’s household members to
of August 2012, 12 states or territories
apply for and potential y receive benefits. Requires the
implemented a lifetime drug-related felon
state agency to collect, in writing, information on SNAP
disqualification. [Section 115 of P.L. 104-193]
applicants’convictions. [Sec. 4020]
P.L. 104-193 also disqualified “fleeing felons.”

Programs in Lieu of SNAP


Food Distribution Program on Indian
Requires USDA to study the feasibility of a demonstration Extends FDPIR’s appropriations authority for
Reservations (FDPIR). Authorizing statute for
project for Tribes (in lieu of states or other
“Traditionally and Locally-grown Food Fund” through
FDPIR contains discretionary authority for a
administrating entities) administering nutrition assistance
FY2018. [Sec. 4004]
“Traditionally and Locally-grown Food Fund.”
programs in lieu of states. Extends FDPIR’s
These funds are for USDA purchase of traditional
appropriations authority for “Traditionally and Locally-
and locally-grown foods to be distributed to FDPIR
grown Food Fund” through FY2018. Al ows Tribes to
households. Authority to appropriate $5 million
substitute local, tribal foods for up to 5% of their FDPIR
annual y to this fund for FY2008-FY2013. [7 U.S.C.
entitlement commodities. [Sec. 4003][See also Section
2013(b)(6); 7 U.S.C. 612c note(a)-(b), P.L. 93-
4101]
86]]
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
No comparable provision.
Authorizes and provides $1 million in FY2013 and FY2014
Islands. While Guam and the Virgin Islands
for a study to gauge CNMI’s capacity to administer a
participate in SNAP, Puerto Rico, American Samoa,
SNAP pilot. Authorizes and provides administrative and
and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
technical assistance funds to support pilot based on study
Islands (CNMI) do not. Puerto Rico, American
results ($13.5 million in FY2015, $8.5 million in each of
Samoa, and CNMI, instead receive a nutrition
FY2016 and FY2017. [Sec. 4031]
assistance block grant in lieu of SNAP. [7 U.S.C.
2028; P.L. 96-597]

Puerto Rico. As part of Puerto Rico’s
No comparable provision.
Bars Puerto Rico from using the NAP federal funds to
administration of Nutrition Assistance Program
distribute cash benefits. [Sec. 4024]
CRS-81


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
block grant funds (see above), program recipients
receive 25% of their benefits as cash. Current law
does not bar this flexibility.
Community Food Projects


Permanently authorizes a grant program for eligible
Amends the definition of Community Food Project, to
Does not make any changes to organizations and
nonprofit organizations, in order to improve
include many of the entities and areas of expertise that
purposes eligible for funds. Increases funding for
community access to food. Grants require 50% in
may have been eligible for Hunger-free Community
community food projects to a total of $15 million annually
matching funds. 2008 farm bill added an authority
Grants [see Section 4204 below]. Deletes Healthy
and carves out $5 million of these funds for projects that
and $1 million in mandatory funding for FY2009-
Urban Food Enterprise Development Center and
would incentivize low-income households’ fruit and
2011 for a Healthy Urban Food Enterprise
Innovative Programs for Addressing Common
vegetable purchases. [Sec. 4025]
Development Center. 2002 farm bill added a
Community Problems provisions. Adds the requirement
$200,000 set-aside for Innovative Programs for
that USDA report to Congress on these Community
Addressing Common Community Problems.
Food Project grants by September 30, 2014. Funding
Provides $5 million annual y in mandatory funding
remains at $5 million in annual mandatory funds. [Sec.
for this purpose. [7 U.S.C. 2034]
4015]
The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP)
For FY2009, mandates $250 million in TEFAP
Increases funding by $54 million over 10 years.
Increases funding by $103 million over 5 years and $217
commodity purchases. For FY2010-FY2013, the
Entitlement commodity funding increases are in the first 5 million over 10 years (according to CBO). Makes annual
$250 million in FY2009 is to be adjusted for food-
years of the budget window: +$22 million for FY2014,
commodity entitlement funding available for a 2-year
price inflation each year. This funding is available
+$18 million for FY2015, +$10 mil ion for FY2016, +$4
period. [Sec. 4026(a)]
only in the year that it is provided. [7 U.S.C.
mil ion for FY2017. Inflation adjustment between years
7511a(d), P.L. 112-240]
remains in place. Makes annual commodity entitlement
funding available for a 2-year period. [Sec. 4016]
Authorizes appropriations ($15 million a year
Extends discretionary authority through FY2018. [Sec.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 4026(b)]
through FY2013) for TEFAP “infrastructure grants.” 4016]
Grants are to be made to emergency feeding
organizations (emphasizing those serving mostly
rural communities) for projects that improve
storage, distribution, and other capacity building. [7
U.S.C. 7511a(d), P.L. 112-240]

Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP)
Authority to purchase and distribute CSFP and
Reauthorizes through FY2018. [Sec. 4101]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 4101]
FDPIR foods expires at the end of FY2013. [7
CRS-82


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
U.S.C. 612c note(a)-(b), P.L. 93-86, P.L. 112-240]
Income-eligible pregnant and post-partum women,
Only income-eligible elderly would be eligible for CSFP.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 4102]
infants, children, and the elderly (defined as 60
Enrol ed women, infants, and children (who are
years or older) are eligible to participate in CSFP.
disqualified by this new provision) would be allowed to
[7 U.S.C. 612c note(g), P.L. 93-86] (According to
participate until their certification period expires. [Sec.
FY2011 USDA-FNS data, 97% of CSFP participants
4102]
were elderly.)
Food Distribution for Child Nutrition Programs
Authority for USDA to enter into reprocessing
Reauthorizes through FY2018. [Sec. 4103] Explicitly
Identical to Senate bill. [Sec. 4103, 4104]
agreements with private companies in order to
authorizes USDA to contract with a processor and retain
process commodity foods for donation and
title to those foods during processing. [Sec. 4104]
distribution to nutrition programs expires at the
end of FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 1431e(2)(A), P.L. 112-
240]
USDA, through a pilot project, is currently
contracting with processors to provide processed
foods to schools.
In addition to the minimum ($200 million-a-year)
Establishes that the $50 million fresh fruit and vegetable
Similar to the Senate bill except that it also includes a
acquisitions required by the 2002 farm bill, USDA is acquisition requirement remains in effect through FY2018. pilot grant program that would allow 5 states to use this
required to purchase additional fruits, vegetables,
[Sec. 4201]
fresh fruit and vegetable funding for their own local
and tree nuts for use in domestic nutrition
sourcing of produce. [Sec. 4204]
assistance programs using Section 32 funds. The
added purchases required are: $190 million
(FY2008), $193 million (FY2009), $199 million
(FY2010), $203 million (FY2011), and $206 million
(FY2012 and each year thereafter). Of this money
for additional purchases, at least $50 million
annual y is required for USDA fresh fruit and
vegetable acquisitions for schools. (The
Department of Defense Fresh Fruit and Vegetable
Program (“DoD Fresh”) is one of the ways this is
accomplished). [7 U.S.C. 612c-4]
No comparable provision.
Creates a pilot project to purchase pulse crops (dry
No comparable provision.
beans, dry peas, lentils, and chick peas) and pulse crop
products for schools. This pilot is analogous to the whole
grain pilot and also includes an evaluation component [42
CRS-83


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
U.S.C. 1755a; Sec. 14222(d) of P.L. 110-246]. Authorizes
up to $10 million in discretionary appropriations. [Sec.
4206]

Farm-to-School Programs. Section 9(d) of the
Requires USDA to conduct demonstration projects “to
Allows USDA to permit school food authorities with low
Russel National School Lunch Act encourages
facilitate the purchase of unprocessed and minimally
annual commodity entitlement values to substitute local
schools to use available school lunch funds for local
processed locally grown and locally raised agricultural
foods entirely or partially instead of USDA provided
food purchases and to incorporate a local
products” for schools that participate in the National
foods. Gives USDA discretion to establish cost-neutral
preference [42 U.S.C. 1758(d)]. Schools redeem
School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs. [Sec.
farm-to-school demonstration projects. [Sec. 4205] (See
National School Lunch Program commodity
4208]
also [Sec. 4204] discussed above)
entitlement food assistance based on USDA’s
purchases and offerings [42 U.S.C. 1754]. P.L. 111-
296 authorized and provided $4 million for farm-to-
school projects [42 U.S.C. 1769(g)].
Senior Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program


Authorizes and provides $20.6 million annually for
Reauthorizes and continues to provide CCC mandatory
Similar to Senate except expands eligibility from “low-
the Senior Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program
funding of $20.6 million annually through FY2018. [Sec.
income seniors” to “low-income seniors and low-income
through FY2012. [7 U.S.C. 612c-4(b)]
4202]
families who are determined to be at nutritional risk.”
Also adds an authorization to appropriate “such sums as
are necessary” to the mandatory funding of $20.6 million
per year. [Sec. 4201]
Other Nutrition and Food Security


Programs
Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (program that
No comparable provision.
Changes the name of the program to “Fruit and Vegetable
provides fruit and vegetable snack to school
Program.” Would al ow purchase and provision of frozen,
children throughout the day) purchases are limited
canned, dried fruits and vegetables. [Sec. 4203]
to fresh fruits and vegetables. [42 U.S.C. 1769a]
Authorized to be appropriated such sums as are
Amends the hunger-free community grants to “incentive
No comparable provision.
necessary through FY2012 for matching grants (1)
grants” for projects that incentivize SNAP participants to
to food program service providers and nonprofits
buy fruits and vegetables. Limits federal cost share to 50
for col aborative efforts to assess community
percent. Provides $100 million in mandatory funding over
hunger problems and to achieve “hunger-free
5 years. Discretionary authority of $5 million per year.
communities” and (2) to emergency feeding
[Sec. 4204]
organizations for infrastructure development. Any
available funding is to be divided equal y between
CRS-84


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
these 2 grant initiatives, and the federal matching
percentage is limited to 80%. [P.L. 110-246, Sec.
4405]
The 2008 farm bill also authorized pilot
projects designed to improve the health status of
participants, including a mandatory provision of $20
million for "point of purchase incentive" projects.
(USDA has since implemented the Healthy Incentives
Pilot
in Hampden County, Massachusetts) [7 U.S.C.
2026(k)]

2002 farm bill authorized and 2008 farm bill
Repeals this section. [Sec. 4203]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 4202]
extended discretionary authority for a “Nutrition
Information Awareness Pilot Program. “ [7 U.S.C.
1755a]

Currently, the Administration administers a
Authorizes up to $125 million to be appropriated for a
Identical to Senate bill [Sec. 4207].
“Healthy Food Financing Initiative” (HFFI) by
“Healthy Food Financing Initiative” to remain available
requesting appropriations for several existing
until expended. USDA is authorized to approve a
statutory authorities in order to provide grants and
community development financial institution as “national
tax credits to support development of food
fund manager” that would administer these funds by
retailers in underserved communities. Congress
supporting food retail projects that would “expand or
provided no funding for USDA for this initiative,
preserve access to staple foods” (as defined within this
but did provide $22 million for the U.S.
section) and accept SNAP benefits. [Sec. 4205]
Department of the Treasury to administer the New
Market Tax Credits for retail food outlets. [P.L.
112-55]

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are jointly
Requires that the Guidelines include specifications for
No comparable provision.
published by USDA and the Department of Health
pregnant women and children under the age of 2 years,
and Human Services. The Guidelines provide advice
by no later than the 2020 edition. [Sec. 4207]
for people 2 years and older about how good
dietary habits can promote health and reduce risk
for major chronic diseases. Every five years, the
two departments charter a committee to review
the peer-reviewed, published science on diet and
health and develop a report of its
recommendations for the next edition of the
Guidelines. [7 U.S.C. 5341(a)]
CRS-85


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
In recent years, USDA has promulgated regulations
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to conduct “a review of the economic
for the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for
and public health benefits of white potatoes on low-
Women, Infants and Children (WIC), National
income families who are determined to be at nutrition
School Lunch Program (NSLP), and School
risk.” [Sec. 4206]
Breakfast Program (SBP) that affect consumption of
white potatoes by program participants’.
Regulations for NSLP and SBP implement the most
recent child nutrition reauthorization (P.L. 111-
296). [42 U.S.C. 1753(b)(3); 7 C.F.R. parts 210,
225, 246]

No comparable provision in current law. In 1994,
Requires USDA to establish a multiagency task force to
No comparable provision.
USDA convened a tri-agency “Commodity
provide guidance to the commodity distribution
Improvement Council” to discuss the balance of
programs. Task force must be composed of at least 4
nutrition content of products with support for
members, representing FNS’s Food Distribution Division,
domestic agriculture. The Council was composed
Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), Farm Service
of the Under Secretary for Food, Nutrition and
Agency (FSA), and Food Safety and Inspection Service
Consumer Services; Under Secretary for Farm and
(FSIS). Task force is to report to Congress not later than
Foreign Agriculture Services; and, the Assistant
one year after convening. The section does not include
Secretary for Marketing and Regulatory Programs.
appropriations language. [Sec. 4209]
The council published a report in 1995.
No comparable provision.
Creates a Food and Agriculture Service Learning Program No comparable provision.
with statutory purposes that include: increasing capacity
for food, garden, and nutrition education; complementing
the work of the federal farm-to-school grants;
coordinating with the related National Institute of Food
and Agriculture (NIFA) work. USDA is to evaluate the
program regularly and report the results to congressional
committees of jurisdiction. $25 million is authorized to be
appropriated and is to remain available until expended.
20% of funds set aside for NIFA for particular purposes.
Funding is to “supplement not supplant” current efforts.
[Sec. 4210]
CRS-86


Title V. Credit
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
Restructures the ConAct by updating language and more
Does not restructure the ConAct, but makes minor
Act (a.k.a. ConAct) [7 U.S.C. 1921 et seq.]
clearly organizing the farm and rural development
changes as described below. [Title V]
programs into separate titles. Minor changes to some
program parameters as described below, though most
provisions are substantially the same and renumbered.
[Sec. 5001]
Note: References below cite the new numbering of the
ConAct, for provisions notably amended by the Senate bill,
followed by the section of
S. 954 making the change.

Farm Loans


Farm Ownership Loans. Authorizes direct and
Substantial y the same, except as noted below. Subtitle A,
No restructuring of the ConAct. Changes to specific
guaranteed loans for farm real estate purchases to
Chapter 1 of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
provisions noted below.
eligible producers who do not qualify for credit
from other lenders. [7 U.S.C. 1922-1925, 1927,
1934-1936]

Allows farm ownership loans for the following
Gives USDA discretion to allow alternative legal entities
Similar to the Senate bill, but specifies a 75% ownership
types of entities: cooperatives, corporations,
to qualify for farm ownership loans. Section 3101(b)(3) of
requirement in certain instances. [Sec. 5001(a)]
partnerships, joint operations, trusts, and limited
the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
liability companies. [7 U.S.C. 1922(a)]
For direct loans, requires at least three years of
Gives USDA discretion to allow alternatives to meet the
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 5001(b)]
farming experience and either be a beginning
three-year experience requirement for direct loans.
farmer, not have received prior direct farm
Section 3101(c)(1) of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
ownership loans, or not have received a direct farm
ownership loan more than 10 years ago. [7 U.S.C.

1922(b)(1)]
Allows conservation loans for the following types of Gives USDA discretion to allow alternative legal entities
Gives USDA discretion to allow alternative legal entities
entities: cooperatives, corporations, partnerships,
to qualify for conservation loans, by reference. Section
to qualify for conservation loans. [Sec. 5002(a)]
joint operations, trusts, and limited liability
3103(c)(2) of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
companies. [7 U.S.C. 1924(c)(1)]
Maximum conservation loan guarantee amount is
No change. Section 3013(e) of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
Increases maximum conservation loan guarantee to 90%.
CRS-87


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
75%. [7 U.S.C. 1924 (e)]
[Sec. 5002(b)]
Authorizes appropriations for conservation loans
Reauthorizes appropriations through FY2018. Section
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec 5002(c)]
through FY2013 [7 U.S.C. 1924(h)]
3103(h) of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
Authorizes a down-payment loan program within
Substantially the same, except increases the maximum
Increases the maximum down payment loan to 45% of
the farm ownership loan program for beginning
down payment loan to 45% of $667,000. Section
$667,000 (same as Senate bill). [Sec 5003]
farmers and ranchers and socially disadvantaged
3107(b)(1) of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001].
farmers and ranchers. Maximum down payment
loan size is 45% of $500,000, among other terms.
[7 U.S.C. 1935]
For mineral rights to be included as part of the
No change. Section 3105(e) of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
Eliminates the requirement that mineral rights be
collateral securing a loan, the mineral rights must
specifically appraised. [Sec. 5004]
be specifically appraised. [7 U.S.C. 1927(d)]
Farm Operating Loans. Authorizes direct and
Substantial y the same, except as noted below. Subtitle A,
No reorganization of the ConAct. Changes to specific
guaranteed loans for purchasing livestock, poultry,
Chapter 2 of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
provisions noted below.
equipment, feed, seed, fertilizer, other supplies,
financing land or water development,
reorganization, and certain other purposes to
eligible producers who do not qualify for operating
credit at other lenders. [7 U.S.C. 1941-1949]
Allows operating loans for the following types of
Gives USDA discretion to allow alternative legal entities
Similar to the Senate bill, but specifies a 75% ownership
entities: cooperatives, corporations, partnerships,
to qualify for farm operating loans. Section 3201(b)(3) of
requirement in certain instances. [Sec. 5101]
joint operations, trusts, and limited liability
the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
companies. [7 U.S.C. 1941(a)]
Allows farm operating loans to youth for projects
No change.
Eliminates rural residency requirement for youth loans.
for in 4-H Clubs, Future Farmers of America, etc.
[Sec. 5102]
[7 U.S.C. 1941(b)(1)]
Youth loans are made under the personal liability of Allows a borrower who defaults on a youth loan to still
Gives USDA the option to waive personal liability for
the borrower, and have the option of a cosigner. [7 qualify for federal educational loans. Section 3201(d)(5) of
youth loans if default is due to circumstances beyond the
U.S.C. 1941(b)(2)-(3)]
the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
borrower’s control. [Sec. 5103]
USDA created a microloan program within the
No comparable provision.
Creates a microloan program for direct or guaranteed
existing direct farm operating loan program, using
loans. The maximum microloan is $35,000, with a total
its regulatory prerogative. The program allows a
microloan indebtedness of $70,000 to any borrower.
maximum of $35,000 per loan, with streamlined
USDA may contract with community-based, state entities
CRS-88


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
loan applications, and relaxed/flexible eligibility
or other intermediaries to make or guarantee loans or to
requirements. [Federal Register, Vol. 78, No. 12,
provide services. [Sec. 5104]
pp. 3828-3836, Jan. 17, 2013]
No comparable provision.
Creates a “Pilot Loan Program To Support Healthy Foods No comparable provision.
for the Hungry.” Individual loans of between $500 and
$5,000 to gleaners (defined as collecting surplus food that
would be discarded or harvesting donated crops for free
distribution) and other regular farm operating loan
borrowers for the purpose of assisting the borrowers in
providing food to the hungry. Funded from within the
farm operating loan program, up to a maximum total of
$500,000. Section 3201(e) of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
Limits eligibility for direct farm operating loans to 6
Limits eligibility for direct farm operating loans to “10
No change to current law.
years, with a one-time 2-year extension under
years, excluding years that the farmer did not receive a
certain terms at USDA’s discretion. [7 U.S.C.
direct operating loan. Section 3201(c)(1)(C) of the
1941(c)(1)(C)]
ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
Limits eligibility for guaranteed farm operating loans Eliminates (omits in reorganization of the ConAct) any
No change to current law.
to 15 years [7 U.S.C. 1949(b)]. his limit had been
term limit on guaranteed farm operating loans.
suspended through 2010 [P.L. 110-246, Sec.
5103]
, but since Jan. 1, 2011, has been in effect.
Allows loans to soil conservation districts that
Omits reference to conservation districts.
No change to current law.
cannot obtain credit elsewhere, up to $500,000, for
the purchase of equipment [7 U.S.C. 1944]
No comparable provision.
Adds local and regional food production to the allowed
No comparable provision.
purposes for farm operating loans. Includes direct-to-
consumer/institution/store and value-added activities.
Ensures for training of USDA loan officers, outreach, and
crop valuation methods for loan purposes. Section
3202(a)(11) and 3202(e) of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
Emergency Loans. Authorizes direct and
Substantial y the same, except as noted below. Subtitle A,
No reorganization of the ConAct. Changes to specific
guaranteed loans for recovery from natural
Chapter 3 of the ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
provisions noted below.
disasters and quarantines declared by the Secretary
or Stafford Act emergencies declared by the
President. [7 U.S.C. 1961-1970]
CRS-89


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Includes equine farmers and ranchers [7 U.S.C.
Does not mention equine farmers and ranchers in Sec.
No change to current law.
1961(a)]
3301 or Sec. 3002 (definitions) of the ConAct.
No comparable provision.
Adds commercial fishermen to list of eligible borrowers
No comparable provision.
for emergency loans. Section 3301(a) of the ConAct.
[Sec. 5001]
Allows emergency loans for the following types of
Gives USDA discretion to allow alternative legal entities
Similar to the Senate bill, but specifies a 75% ownership
entities: cooperatives, corporations, partnerships,
to qualify for emergency loans. Section 3301(b)(3) of the
requirement in certain instances. [Sec. 5201]
joint operations, trusts, and limited liability
ConAct. [Sec. 5001]
companies. [7 U.S.C. 1961(a)]
Requires hazard insurance at the time the loss
Omits any exception for poultry farmers in the hazard
No change to current law.
occurred. Provides an exception for poultry
insurance requirement. Section 3301(d) of the ConAct
farmers who were unable to obtain insurance. [7
[Sec. 5001]
U.S.C. 1961(b)(3)]
Administrative Provisions. Sets other terms,
Substantial y the same, except as noted below. Subtitle A,
No reorganization of the ConAct. Changes to specific
including loan servicing. [7 U.S.C. 1981-2008l]
Chapter 4 and Subtitle C of the ConAct [Sec. 5001]
provisions noted below.
Definitions. A qualified beginning farmer or
Replaces “median” with “average” in the definition of a
Similar to the Senate bill (replaces “median” with
rancher is defined, in general, as one with less than
qualified beginning farmer’s ownership limitation: “does
“average” in the definition of a qualified beginning farmer).
10 years of farming experience, meets participation
not exceed 30% of the average county acreage.” This
[Sec. 5302(b)] Also, gives USDA discretion to allow
and other requirements especial y if more than one
would expand eligibility if the average exceeds the
alternative legal entities to qualify as a beginning farmer or
person or entity is involved, and owns a farm that is median, such as when small farms outnumber larger farms rancher. [Sec. 5302(a)]
smaller than 30% of the median acreage size of
and a few large farms raise the average. Sec. 3002(26) of
farms in the county. [7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(11)]
the ConAct. [Section 6001]
Authorizes appropriations of $5 million each year
Reauthorizes appropriations of $5 million each year
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 5301]
through FY2013 for a Beginning Farmer Individual
through FY2018. Section 3428 of the ConAct [Sec. 5001]
Development Account pilot program. [7 U.S.C.
1983b]

Authorizes specific loan levels for direct and
Reauthorizes the same loan levels through FY2018 and
Reauthorizes the same loan levels, targets, and
guaranteed farm ownership and farm operating
continues the same program targets and reservations.
reservations through FY2018. [Sec. 5303 and Sec. 5305]
loans through FY2013, and reserves or targets
Section 3431 of the ConAct [Sec. 5001]
funding for certain types of borrowers. [7 U.S.C.
Adds a new priority for direct loans to beginning farmers
1994]
and ranchers who apply under the down payment loan
program or for joint financing arrangements. [Sec. 5304]
CRS-90


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Credit Programs in Other Laws


State Agricultural Loan Mediation Programs. Reauthorizes appropriations of $7.5 million annual y
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 5401]
Authorizes a matching grant program for states that through FY2018. [Sec. 5101]
provide third party mediation services for
agricultural credit disputes. Appropriations
authorized at $7.5 million annually through FY2015.
[7 U.S C. 5106]
Loans to Purchasers of Highly Fractionated
Allows lending to intermediaries that may create
Similar to the Senate bill by allowing lending to
Land. Authorizes the USDA farm loan program to
revolving loan funds to relend to purchasers of highly
intermediaries that may create revolving loan funds to
lend to Indian tribes or tribal corporations to buy
fractionated land. Updates references to other laws, and
relend to purchasers of highly fractionated land. The
highly fractionated land within the reservation. [25
requires regulatory consultation between USDA and the
House bill does not contain a provision for updating
U.S.C. 488]
Department of the Interior. [Sec. 5102]
references or requiring interagency consultation. [Sec.
5501]
Requires certain levels of appraisal for land to
Simplifies appraisals for purchasers of highly fractionated
No change.
qualify for highly fractionated land loans. [25 U.S.C. land by requiring only one appraisal recognized by USDA
488]
or the Department of the Interior. [Sec. 5103]
No comparable provision. Prior to 1990, however,
Instructs the Farm Credit Administration to review rules
No comparable provision.
the Farm Credit Administration (federal regulator
to reflect congressional intent that a primary
of the Farm Credit System) could approve
responsibility of boards of directors in the Farm Credit
compensation packages of employees and
System is to review compensation packages of senior
executives of the Farm Credit System, with Board
officers, in order to improve compensation disclosure.
approval. (Formerly 12 U.S.C. 2252(a)(13) before
[Sec. 5104]
being removed by P.L. 101-624)
CRS-91


Title VI. Rural Development
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
Reorganizes the Consolidated Farm and Rural
No comparable provision.
Act (ConAct) Authorizing statute for USDA’s rural Development Act (ConAct). Consolidates rural
development programs. [7 U.S.C. 1921 et seq.]
development programs, makes technical changes to
various programs, eliminates programs, establishes
criteria for prioritizing loan and grants, eliminates the
definition of “rural” and “rural area” for water assistance
and community facilities. Makes technical changes to the
Delta Regional Authority and the Northern Great Plains
Regional Authority. [Sec. 6001]
Note: References below cite the new numbering
of the ConAct for provisions notably amended by
the Senate bill, followed in bold by the section of
S. 954 making the change.

Defining Rural Eligibility


Sec. 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and
Retains Sec. 343 (a) definition of rural as any area other
No change to current law.
Rural Development Act (ConAct), as amended,
than a city or town with a population greater than 50,000
defines rural as any area other than a city or town
and the urbanized area contiguous and adjacent to such a

with a population greater than 50,000 and the
city or town.

urbanized area contiguous and adjacent to such a
city or town.
Eliminates the rural definition for water and waste water
No change to current law.
projects so that the definition above applies. Areas that
Defines rural and rural area for water and waste
were eligible for water and waste water funding under the
water programs as any town, city, or
prior definition will remain eligible for funding unless

unincorporated area under 10,000 population.
USDA determines that the area is no longer “rural in
character.”

Defines rural and rural area for community facility
loan and grant program as any area other than a
Eliminates the rural definition for community facility loan
No change to current law.
town or city with a population greater than 20,000.
and grants so that the definition above applies. Areas that

were eligible for community facility funding under the
Establishes criteria for determining areas as “rural
prior definition will remain eligible for funding unless

in character” and makes certain exclusions for rural USDA determines that the area is no longer “rural in
areas that could be classified as lying within an
character.”

“urbanized area.” [7 U.S.C. 1991(a(13)(A)]
Amends criteria for determining areas “rural in
No change to current law.
character” and establishes priorities in making these
CRS-92


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
determinations. Extends the current exclusion for
“urbanized areas” where a single road may cause a rural
town to be included within an urbanized area. Section
3002 28(A)(i) of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
Definition of Rural Area for Purposes of the
Amends Section 520 of the Housing Act of 1949 to define No comparable provision.
Housing Act of 1949. Section 520 of the Housing
a “rural area” as any area deemed to be a “rural area” at
Act of 1949 defines “rural area” as any area so
any time between January 1, 2000 and December 31,
defined between 1990 and 2000 to remain so
2010 to continue to be so classified until receipt of data
classified until receipt of the 2010 decennial census.
from the 2020 decennial census. Raises the eligible
The provision also caps the eligible rural population
population threshold of a rural area to a maximum of
threshold at 25,000 residents or less. [7 U.S.C.
35,000 residents. [Sec. 6202]
1490]
Rural Community Programs


Rural Water and Waste Disposal Loan and
Reauthorizes funding to make loans, grants, and loan
Reauthorizes the Rural Water and Waste Disposal Loan
Grant Programs. Loans and grants to support
guarantees for the Rural Water and Waste Disposal Loan
and Grant Programs. Decreases the current authorization
improvements to rural water systems. Authorizes
and Grant Programs. Establishes priorities for rural water
for grants from $30 million to $15 million each fiscal year
$30 million in grants annually FY2009-2013, subject
programs, including a priority for rural communities of
2014-2018. [Sec. 6001]
to annual appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(2]
5,500 or fewer permanent residents. Section 3501 (a)-
(d)(f) of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]



No comparable provision
Amends the water and waste water direct and guaranteed
loan programs to encourage financing by private or
cooperative lenders to the maximum extent possible; by
using loan guarantees where the population exceeds
5,500; by using direct loans where the impact on rate
payers would be significant if a loan guarantee were to be
used; by requiring projects that require interim financing
in excess of $500,000 initial y to seek funding from private
or cooperative lenders; and determining if an existing
direct loan borrower can refinance with a private or
cooperative lender prior to providing a new direct loan.
[Sec. 6015]
Revolving Funds for Financing Water and
Reauthorizes funding for Revolving Funds for Financing
No change to current law, including no extension of
Waste Water Projects Program. Provides
Water and Wastewater Projects at $30 million annual y
authorization to appropriate funds to the program.
capital to fund revolving loan funds for supporting
for FY2014-FY2018, subject to appropriations. Section
CRS-93


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
rural water projects. Authorizes $30 million
3501(e)(1) of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
annual y for 2008-2013, subject to annual
appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(2)(B)]
Emergency and Imminent Community
Reauthorizes funding for Emergency and Imminent
Reauthorizes funding for Emergency and Imminent
Water Assistance Program. Provides assistance
Community Water Assistance Program at $35 million
Community Water Assistance Program. Decreases
to water systems in rural communities of 10,000 or
annual y for FY2014-FY2018, subject to appropriations.
current authorization of $35 million to $27 million
less where there is a threat to potable water
Section 3501(e)(2) of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
annual y for FY2014-FY2018, subject to appropriations.
supplies. Authorizes funding of $35 million for each
[Sec. 6008]
fiscal year FY2008-2013. [7 U.S.C. 1926a(i)(2)]
Water and Waste Facility Loans and Grants
Reauthorizes funding for Water and Waste Facility Loans
No change to current law.
to Alleviate Health Risks Provides loan and
and Grants to Alleviate Health Risks at $60 million in loan
grant support to rural water systems to improve
subsidies, $60 million in grants, and $20 million in grants
sanitation and potable water supplies. Authorizes
specifical y for Tribal groups annual y for FY2014-FY2018,
an annual appropriation of $30 million in loan
subject to appropriations. Section 3501(e)(3)(B) of the
subsidies, $30 million in grants, and $20 million in
ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
grants specifically for Tribal groups. [7 U.S.C.
1926c]

Grants for Water Systems for Rural and
Reauthorizes funding for the program and specifies
No change to current law, including no extension of
Native Villages in Alaska. Funding for water
eligibility for native villages for Alaska and Hawaii for
authorization to appropriate funds to the program.
projects to improve sanitation and potable water in
Water and Waste Facility Loans and Grants to Alleviate
rural Alaska. Authorizes $30 million annually for
Health Risks to include Native Tribes, rural or native
FY2008-FY2013, subject to appropriations. [7
villages in Alaska and Hawaii. Section 3501(e)(3)(B) of the
U.S.C. 1926d]
ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
Solid Waste Management Grants. Provides
Reauthorizes funding for Solid Waste Management Grants No change to current law.
grant assistance for communities to establish or
at $10 million annual y for FY2014-FY2018, subject to
improve solid waste management facilities. Subject
appropriations. Section 3501(e)(4) of the ConAct. [Sec.
to annual appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 1932(b)]
6001]
CRS-94


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Rural Water and Wastewater Technical
Reauthorizes funding for Rural Water and Wastewater
No change to current law.
Assistance and Training Grants. Provides
Technical Assistance and Training Grants at the current
funding for technical and managerial expertise
allocation rate of between 1% and 3% of the total water

assistance from third-parties (e.g., National Rural
and waste water appropriation annual y for FY2014-

Water Association Program) to assist rural
FY2018. Section 3501(e)(5) of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
communities with various water and waste water

issues. Authorizes that between 1% and 3% of total


water and waste water appropriation be al ocated

to these grants annual y for FY2008-FY2013. [7

U.S.C. 1926(a)(14)]




Rural Water and Waste Water Circuit Rider
Reauthorizes the Rural Water and Waste Water Circuit
Reauthorizes the Rural Water and Waste Water Circuit
Program. Provides funding to support technical
Rider Program. Authorizes funding of $25 million for
Rider Program. Authorizes funding of $20 million for
assistance to water rural water systems. [7 U.S.C.
FY2014 and each year thereafter, subject to annual
FY2014 and each fiscal year thereafter, subject to annual
1926(a)(19)]
appropriations. [Sec. 6001]
appropriations. [Sec. 6005]
Special Evaluation Assistance for Rural
Reauthorizes funding for the SEARCH Program at such
No change to current law.
Communities and Households (SEARCH)
sums as necessary for FY2014-FY2018, subject to annual
Program. Provides grant assistance to
appropriations. Section 3501(e)(6) of the ConAct. [Sec.

communities under 2,500 to help them prepare an
6001]

application for a water or waste water loan and
grant. Up to 4% of the funds appropriated for water
and waste disposal projects and essential
community facilities may be used to fund SEARCH
grants. Authorizes funding not to exceed $30
million in any fiscal year. [7 U.S.C. 2009ee]
Grants to Nonprofit Organizations to
No comparable provision.
Reauthorizes the Household Water Well Systems
Finance the Construction, Refurbishing, and
Program. Decreases current authorization of
Servicing of Individually-Owned Household
appropriations from $10 million to $5 million for each
Water Well Systems in Rural Areas for
fiscal year 2014-2018. [Sec. 6009]
Individuals with Low or Moderate Incomes.
Provides funding to third-party organizations with
expertise in residential well-water systems.
Authorizes $10 million annual y FY2008-2013,
subject to appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 1926(d)]
CRS-95


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Community Facilities Loan and Grant
Reauthorizes funding for Community Facilities Programs
Eliminates the provision in current law that reserves 10%
Program. Provides loan, grant, and loan
at $10 million annual y for FY2014-FY2018, subject to
of Community Facility funds for child day care facilities.
guarantees for “essential community facilities.”
annual appropriations.
[Sec. 6003]
Most funding has supported projects for improved
community health and safety (e.g., health clinics,
Establishes new priorities for Community Facilities loans

elder care facilities, fire protection, and emergency
and grants, including prioritization for communities with
No comparable provision.
responders). Authorizes such sums as necessary
less than 20,000 in population.
annually, subject to appropriations. [7 U.S.C.
Also authorizes a new Technical Assistance for
Reserves at least 3% and no more than 5% of the
1926(a)(19)]
Community Facilities Program as part of the current
appropriation for Community Facilities to provide
Community Facilities Program. Provides technical
technical assistance for Community Facility projects. [Sec.
assistance and planning assistance to rural communities in
6007]
developing essential community facilities. Reauthorizes

such sums as necessary for FY2014-FY2018, subject to
annual appropriations. Section 3502(a)-(d)(e)(g) of the

ConAct. [Sec. 6001]


Directs the Secretary to use loan guarantees in the
No comparable provision
Community Facilities program to the maximum extent
possible. [Sec. 6004]


No comparable provision
Reserves at least 3% and not more than 5% of the
appropriation for essential community facilities for
technical assistance support to community facility
projects. [Sec. 6007]

Tribal College and University Essential
Reauthorizes funding of $10 million each fiscal year
Decreases the current authorization of appropriations
Community Facilities. Provides grant funding to
FY2014-2018.
from $10 million to $5 million each fiscal year 2014-2018.
entities that are tribal col eges to provide the
[Sec. 6006]
federal share of the cost of developing specific
tribal college or university essential community
facilities. Authorizes funding of $10 million each
fiscal year FY2008-2013. [7 U.S.C.
1926(a)(25)(C)]

CRS-96


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Rural Business and Cooperative Development

Rural Business Opportunity Grants. Provides
Eliminates the program, but consolidates the program’s
Authorizes $15 million annually for each fiscal year
grant assistance of up to $1.5 million to identify
objectives within a broad rural business development
FY2013-FY2017. [Sec. 6002]
business opportunities that will use local rural
grants program. Authorizes $65 mil ion annual y for the
resources, to train and provide technical assistance
broader program for FY2014-FY2018, subject to annual
to existing or prospective rural entrepreneurs, to
appropriations. Section 3601(a] of the ConAct. [Sec.
establish business support centers, and to support
6001]
local and regional economic development planning.
Authorizes $15 million annual y for FY2008-
FY2013, subject to appropriations. [7 U.S.C.
1926(a)(11)]

Rural Business Enterprise Grants. Provides
Eliminates the program, but consolidates the program’s
No change to current law.
grant support of up to $50,000 to public bodies and objectives within a broad rural business development
nonprofit corporations for measures designed to
grants program. Authorizes $65 mil ion annual y for the
facilitate small and emerging business enterprises,
broader program (as above) for FY2014-FY2018, subject
or the creation and expansion of rural distance
to appropriations. Section 3601(a)of the ConAct. [Sec.
learning networks, among other eligible activities.
6001]
Authorizes funding not to exceed $50 million
annual y. Subject to annual appropriations. [7
U.S.C. 1932(c)]

Value-Added Producer Grants. Provides grant
Reauthorizes funding for Value-Added Agricultural
Reauthorizes the Value-Added Product Grant Program.
support to agricultural producers to undertake
Producer Grants at $40 million annually for FY2014-
Increases authorization of mandatory spending from $15
projects that add value to commodities and thereby FY2018, subject to annual appropriations. Also authorizes
million to $50 million. [Sec. 6202]
increase producer income. Also supports planning
$12.5 million annual y in mandatory spending for FY2014-
and business development for value-added projects.
FY2018. Establishes priority for projects in which at least
Authorizes $40 million annual y FY2009-2013
25% of the project recipients are beginning farmers or
subject to annual appropriations, in addition to $15
ranchers or socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers.
million in mandatory spending to remain available
Section 3601(b) of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
until expended. [7 U.S.C. 1621]
Amends Section 231(b) of the Agricultural Risk
Protection Act of 2000 to give funding priority to, among
other groups, veteran farmers and ranchers (as defined by
the Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act of
1990). [Sec. 6207]
Locally or Regionally Produced Agricultural
Reauthorizes the program for FY2014-2018. Requires
Reauthorizes the program for FY2014-2018. Amends the
Food Products. Provides funding to increase
that USDA produce an annual report describing the
provision so that not more than 7% of the funds of the
CRS-97


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
domestic consumption of locally and regionally
projects carried out by the program. [Sec. 6001]
Business and Industry Loan Guarantee program can be
produced agricultural products and to provide
used to fund locally or regionally produced agricultural
affordable food products in underserved rural and
food products. [Sec. 6012]
urban areas. Reserves not less than 5% of the funds
of the Business and Industry Loan Guarantee
program for support of locally and regionally
produced food. [7 U.S.C. 1932(g)(9)(B)(v)(I)]
Agriculture Innovation Center
No comparable provision.
Decreases the current authorization of appropriations
Demonstration Program. Provides grant
from $6 million to $1 million each fiscal year 2014-2018.
funding to producers for technical assistance in
[Sec. 6203]
developing agricultural-based businesses based on
value-added production. Authorizes funding of $6
mil ion annual y for FY2008-2013, subject to annual
appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 1632(b)(i)]
Rural Cooperative Development Grants.
Reauthorizes funding for grants at $50 million annual y for Decreases the current authorization of appropriations
Facilitate the creation of jobs in rural areas through
FY2014-FY2018 subject to appropriations. Includes
from $50 million to $40 million each fiscal year 2014-
the development of new rural cooperatives, value-
directive to coordinate an interagency working group
2018. [Sec. 6011]
added processing, and rural businesses. Authorizes
among federal agencies to support cooperative
$50 million annual y for FY2008-FY2013, subject to
development. Section 3601(c) of the ConAct. [Sec.
appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 1932(e)(5)]
6001]
Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural
Reauthorizes funding for ATTRA at $5 million annual y
No change to current law, including no extension of
Areas (ATTRA). Provides grant support at an
for FY2014-FY2018, subject to appropriations. Section
authorization to appropriate funds to the program.
agricultural institution (e.g., universities) for
3601(d) of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
information activities to agricultural producers.
Authorizes $5 million annual y for FY2008-FY2013,
subject to appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 1932]
Business and Industry Direct and
Reauthorizes funding of $75 million annually for FY2014-
No change to current law.
Guaranteed Loans. Provides loans for a wide
FY2018, subject to appropriations. Raises initial fee to 3%
variety of projects to support business
from current authorization of 2%. Reauthorizes a 5%
development in rural areas and to increase and
carve-out of guaranteed loan authority for Locally or
retain jobs in rural areas. Subject to annual
Regionally Produced Agricultural Food Products. Section
appropriations. (Note: Direct loan program has not
3601(e) of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
been funded since 2002.) [7 U.S.C. 1932(a)(2)(A)]
Intermediary Relending Program (IRP). The
Reauthorizes funding for IRP at $50 million annual y for
Reauthorizes and amends the program. Authorizes $10
IRP provides direct loans at 1% interest to
FY2014-FY2018, subject to appropriations. Section
mil ion, subject to appropriations, for each fiscal year
CRS-98


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
intermediaries to finance business facilities and
3601(f)(1) of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
FY2014-2018. [Sec. 6013]
community development projects in rural areas of
25,000 population or less. The Rural Business
Service loan to an intermediary is used to establish
or fund a revolving loan program to provide
financial assistance to ultimate recipients for
community development projects, establishment of
new businesses or expansion of existing businesses.
Subject to annual appropriations. [7 U.S.C 1932]
Rural Microentrepreneur Assistance
Reauthorizes funding the program at $40 million annually
Decreases the current authorization of appropriations
Program. Provides grant support to third-party
for FY2014-FY2018, subject to appropriations. Also
from $40 million to $20 million each fiscal year 2014-
entities that assist rural entrepreneurs in
provides $3.0 million annually in mandatory spending for
2018. [Sec. 6018]
establishing microenterprises in rural areas.
FY2014-FY2018. Section 3601(f)(2) of the ConAct. [Sec.
Authorizes $4 million in mandatory spending for
6001]
FY2009-FY2011 and $3 million for FY2012. Also
authorizes $40 million annual y in discretionary
spending for FY2009-FY2013, subject to
appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 1981 et seq.]
Rural Business Investment Program. Modeled
Reauthorizes funding for the program at $25 million
Decreases the current authorization of appropriations
on the Small Business Administration’s Small
annual y through FY2018, subject to appropriations.
from $50 million to $20 million each fiscal year 2014-
Business Investment Companies, the Rural Business
Provides authority for USDA to establish capital
2018. [Sec. 6021]
Investment Program provides funding to help
requirements, establish fees for applicants applying for a
capitalized Rural Business Companies that, in turn,
license to operate as a rural business investment
provide loans to rural businesses. Authorizes $50
company, and ensures the majority of capital of each rural
mil ion for the period FY2008-FY2013, subject to
business company is invested in rural concerns. Section
appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 2009cc et seq.]
3602 of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
Rural Business Collaborative Investment
Eliminates the program.
No change to current law, including no extension of
Program. Provides loan and grant support to
authorization to appropriate funds to the program.
rural regions to establish regional competitiveness
by fostering col aboration among rural businesses,
rural institutions, and entrepreneurs. Establishes
multijurisdictional and multisectoral Regional Rural
Investment Boards and provides Regional
Innovation Grants. Authorizes $135 million for the
period FY2008-FY2013, subject to annual
appropriations. Program was never implemented.
CRS-99


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
[7 U.S.C. 2009dd]
General Rural Development Provisions


General authority for USDA to award grants and
Reauthorizes and contains general provisions for loan and
No change to current law.
to make and guarantee loans to various entities [7
grant authority. Section 3701of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
U.S.C. 1926]
No comparable provision.
Strategic Economic and Community
No comparable provision.
Development. Authorizes USDA to prioritize
otherwise eligible applications that support
multijurisdictional strategic economic and community
development and establishes criteria for evaluating
applications. Reserves 20% of a fiscal year’s appropriated
funds for rural community facilities, water and waste
water projects, and loans and grants under Rural Business
and Cooperative Development. Also reserves 15% of the
total funds available for these functional categories for
strategic economic and community development projects.
Section 3703(a)of the ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
Rural Development Loan Procedures.
No comparable provision.
Simplifies the loan application process. Directs USDA to
Provision addresses procedures for approving
the maximum extent possible to provide a one-page
USDA Rural Development loans and grants. [7
application and other simplified application procedures.
U.S.C. 1983(a)]
Within two years of enactment, requires USDA to submit
a report to the House and Senate Agriculture
Committees evaluating the implementation of this
provision.[Sec. 6016]
Rural Development Insurance Fund.
Continues permanent authority for the Rural
No change to current law.
Authorizes a revolving fund for the discharge of the
Development Insurance Fund. Section 3704 of the
obligations of USDA under contracts guaranteeing
ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
or insuring rural development loans. Funds not
needed for current operations are deposited in the
U.S. Treasury for credit to the fund, or invested in
obligations guaranteed by the United States [7
U.S.C. 1929a]

Rural Economic Area Partnership (REAP).
Establishes process for USDA to designate new Rural
No change to current law.
The program assists communities dealing with
Economic Area Partnership zones. Section 3705(a) of the
CRS-100


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
geographic and economic isolation, low density
ConAct. [Sec. 6001]
population, absence of nearby metropolitan
centers, and historic dependence on agribusiness,
out-migration, and economic upheaval to develop
strategies for revitalization Zones. [7 U.S.C.
1932]

National Rural Development Partnership. A
State Rural Development Partnership. Establishes a
No comparable provision.
state-federal rural economic development
federal-state partnership called the State Rural
coordinating entity operating through State Rural
Development Partnership. The Partnership is composed
Development Councils and a National Rural
of state rural development councils whose purpose is to
Development Coordinating Committee. [7 U.S.C.
build regional capacity in rural communities. The
2008m]
Partnership is designed to maximize public- and private-
sector cooperation to minimize regulatory redundancy.
The federal government will act as a partner or facilitator
to provide states with technical and administrative
support necessary to plan and implement rural
development strategies tailored to meet local needs.
[Sec. 6001]
No comparable provision
No comparable provision
Rural College Coordination Strategy. Instructs the
Secretary to develop a coordination strategy within
USDA Rural Development programs to serve the specific
needs of rural community and technical col eges .[Sec.
6014]

No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Program Metrics. Directs USDA to begin collecting
data on the economic activities created through its loan
and grant funding. Specifically directs USDA to measure
the short and long-term viability of award recipients, and
to submit a report to Congress every two years on the
actions taken to use the data, the number of jobs created,
the value of wages, and other economic data deemed
relevant. [Sec. 6204]
Rural Telecommunications and Electrification: Rural Electrification Act

Rural Electrification Act of 1936. The act
No comparable provision
Relending for Certain Purposes. Amends the Rural
CRS-101


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
authorizes loans for rural electrification and

Electrification Act to authorize loan for borrower
telecommunications infrastructure development. [9
relending to ultimate consumers for the purpose of
U.S.C. 901 et seq.]

energy efficiency. Loans and grants are also authorized

under the Cushion of Credit Payments Program for
relending to ultimate consumers for the purpose of

energy efficiency. [Sec. 6101]
No comparable provision
Fees for Certain Loan Guarantees. Amends the
Rural Electrification Act to require that the Secretary, at
the request of a baseload generation loan guarantee
borrower, charge an upfront fee equal to the costs of the
loan guarantee. A borrower may not use funds from a
loan or other debt obligation made or guaranteed by the
federal government to pay the fee. [Sec. 6102]
Definition of Rural Area. Defines rural and
Amends the definition of rural area for programs
No change to current law.
rural area to mean any area other than a city or
authorized by the Rural Electrification Act to be the same
town or unincorporated place with a population
as the definition in Section 3002 (28)(A)(i): any area
greater than 20,000 residents, and any area within
other than a city or town with a population greater than
the service area of an electric, telephone, or
50,000 and the urbanized area contiguous and adjacent to
telephone bank borrower under Section 13(3)the
such a city or town. [Sec. 6101]
Rural Electrification Act. [7 U.S.C. 913]

Guarantees for Bonds and Notes Issued for
Reauthorizes guarantees for bonds and notes issued for
Identical to the Senate provision. [Sec. 6103]
Electrification or Telephone Purposes.
electrification or telephone purposes for 2014-2018.
Provides for federal guarantees for bonds and notes [Sec. 6102]
that finance rural electrification and telephone
infrastructure. [7 U.S.C. 940c-1(f)]

Expansion of 911 Access. Authorizes expanding
Reauthorizes expansion of 911 access through FY2018.
Identical to the Senate provision. [Sec. 6104]
the emergency telephone service of 911 in rural
[Sec. 6103]
areas by using any funds otherwise made available
for telephone loans for each of FY2008-FY2013.
Section 315(d) of the Rural Electrification Act. [7
U.S.C. 940(e)d]

Access to Broadband Telecommunications
Reauthorizes funding for the program at $50 million
Reauthorizes the program through FY2018. Gives priority
Services in Rural Area. Provides loan
annual y for FY2014-FY2018, subject to appropriations.
to applications that are not predominantly for business
guarantees to establish broadband
Amends Section 601 of the Rural Electrification Act to
service but where at least 25% of customers in the
CRS-102


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
telecommunications infrastructure in rural areas.
establish a grant component to the Broadband Loan
proposed service territory are commercial interests.
Subject to annual appropriations [7 U.S.C. 950bb]
Program. Establishes priorities for communities: (1)
Publication of notice of applications shall include the
without a local service provider, (2) with populations of
amount and type of support requested and a list of the
less than 20,000, (3) with a high proportion of low-
Census block groups or tracts to be served. The
income residents, and (4) experiencing significant out-
Secretary is authorized to establish a process where, at
migration. Also establishes a maximum grant limit of 50%
the time of an application notice, an incumbent service
of a project’s development costs, but gives USDA the
provider who is providing service to a remote rural area
authority to increase the grant amount to 75% for
may submit to the Secretary information regarding the
remote communities and those with low-income
service offered in the application’s proposed service area,
residents. Also establishes priority to broadband
so the Secretary may assess whether the application is an
applications that offer service to the greatest proportion
eligible project. The Secretary is also authorized to
of unserved rural households or rural households that do
consider upgrade or replacement cost for construction or
not have broadband service but meet the minimum
acquisition of facilities and equipment in considering the
acceptable levels of service. Priority would be given to
technology needs of customers in the proposed service
communities with populations of 20,000 or less, or those
area. [Sec. 6105]
experiencing outmigration, or those that are isolated
from population centers, or those that have a high
percentage of low-income residents. Also authorizes a
pilot program for “ultra-high speed” broadband
connectivity. [Sec. 6104]



Grants for NOAA Weather Radio
No comparable provision.
Authorizes $1 million each fiscal year FY2014-FY2018,
Transmitters. Provides grant funding to public
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 6017]
and nonprofit entities for the federal share of the
cost of acquiring radio transmitter to increase
coverage of rural areas by the all hazards weather
radio broadcast system of the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration. Authorizes
funding of such sums as necessary for FY2008-2013,
subject to annual appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 2008p]
Distance Learning and Telemedicine
Reauthorizes funding at current level through FY2018.
Decreases the current authorization of appropriations
Program. Provides grants to rural hospitals,
[Sec. 6201]
from $100 million to $65 million each fiscal year 2014-
clinics, schools, and libraries to develop and
2018. [Sec. 6201]
improve their telecommunications infrastructure.
Section 233A of the Food, Agriculture,
Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990. Authorizes
CRS-103


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
funding of $100 million annual y through FY2013,
subject to appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 950aaa]
No comparable provision.
Amends Subtitle E of Title VI of the 2002 farm bill (P.L.
No comparable provision.
101-171) to authorize a new Rural Energy Savings

Program, which would provide 0% interest rate loans to
eligible Rural Utilities Service borrowers to fund loans to
qualified consumers to implement energy efficiency
measures. [Sec. 6203]
Backlog of Rural Development Applications.
Provides for one-time mandatory funding of $150 million
No comparable provision.
Section 6029 of the Food, Conservation, and
for pending rural development loan and grant applications.
Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246) provided a one-
[Sec. 6204]
time $120 million in mandatory spending for
pending rural development loan and grant
applications. [122 Stat. 1955]
No comparable provision.
Study of Rural Transportation Issues. Directs
Identical to the Senate bill, but also requires an update on
USDA and the Department of Transportation to jointly
the study to be submitted not later than 1 year after the
conduct a study regarding the movement of agricultural
date of enactment of this act. Also expands the study to
products, domestically renewable fuels, domestically
include transportation infrastructure of water ways. [Sec.
produced resources for electricity production, and
6205]
economic development for rural areas. Designates
particular topics for the study to address. Study is to be
updated triennially. [Sec. 6205]
No comparable provision.
Amends Section 203 of the Agricultural Marketing Act of
No comparable provision.
1946 (7 U.S.C. 1622) to direct USDA to participate on
behalf of the interests of agriculture and rural America in
all proceedings pertaining to freight rail policy of the
Surface Transportation Board. [Sec. 6206]
CRS-104


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
No comparable provision

No comparable provision
Certain Federal Action not to be Considered
Major.
An action by the Secretary that does not involve
the provision of federal dollars or a loan guarantee from
USDA, including a debt settlement or restructuring, a lien
accommodation or subordination, or the restructuring of
a business entity by a borrower, in the case of a loan,
grant, or loan guaranteed in the USDA Rural
Development mission area, shall not be considered a
major federal action. [Sec. 6206]
Regional Development Authorities


Delta Regional Authority. The Authority is an
Reauthorizes funding FY2014-FY2018 at the current level
Decreases the current authorization of appropriations
8-state state-federal regional planning and
of $30 million annually, subject to annual appropriations.
from $30 million to $12 million each fiscal year 2014-
development entity that provides loan and grant
Also makes technical amendments to the operation of the 2018. [Sec. 6019]
support for economic development projects in
Authority. Sections 3801 through 3814 of the ConAct.
rural counties in the Mississippi Delta area.
[Sec. 6001]
Authorizes $30 million annual y for FY2008-2012
subject to appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 2009aa et
seq.]

Northern Great Plains Regional Authority.
Reauthorizes funding FY2014-FY2018 at the current level
Decreases the current authorization of appropriations
Authorizes an economic development commission
of $30 million annually, subject to annual appropriations.
from $30 million to $2 million each fiscal year 2014-2018.
that develops regional plans and makes loans and
Also makes technical amendments to the authority.
[Sec. 6020]
grants for infrastructure and economic
Increases the cap on administrative expenses from 5% to
development in five Great Plains States. Authorizes
10%. Sections 3821 through 3835 of the ConAct. [Sec.
$30 million annual y for FY2008-2012, subject to
6001]
appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 2009bb et seq.]

NOTE: See also Title XII-Miscellaneous, Section
12206
, for changes made in the Senate bill to other
regional commissions authorized by the 2008 farm bill.
CRS-105


Title VII. Research, Extension, and Related Matters
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Foundation for Food and Agricultural Research

No comparable provision.
Establishes the “Foundation for Food and Agriculture
No comparable provision.
Research,” a new nonprofit corporation designed to
supplement USDA’s basic and applied research activities,
and provides total mandatory funding of up to $200
million from the Commodity Credit Corporation. Federal
funding is available only to the extent that the foundation
secures an equal amount of non-federal matching funds
for each dollar of expenditure. The foundation will solicit
and accept private donations to award grants or enter
into agreements for collaborative public/private
partnerships with scientists at USDA and in academia,
non-profits, and the private sector. [Sec. 7601]
National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (NARETPA), As Amended
Authorizes the National Agricultural Research,
Extends authority through FY2018 and adds “consult with Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7102]
Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory
industry groups” to the Board’s list of duties. [Sec. 7101]
Board. The Board reviews and provides
consultation on priorities for research, extension,
education, and economics to the Secretary, land-
grant colleges and universities, and Congress. [7
U.S.C. 3123]

Amended by the Specialty Crops Competitiveness
Amends requirements to provide for diversity of the
Amends requirements to include research on: (1)
Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-465) to establish and al ow
specialty crops represented, and to ensure ongoing
improving quality and taste of processed specialty crops
USDA to appoint members to a permanent
consultation with diverse sectors of the specialty crop
and (2) use of remote sensing in production practices.
specialty crops committee responsible for studying
industry. [Sec. 7102]
[Sec. 7103]
the scope and effectiveness of research, extension,
and economics programs affecting the specialty
crop industry. [7 U.S.C. 3123a]
Authorizes a program to defray the school loans of
Authorizes an additional matching competitive grant
Nearly identical to Senate bill. [Sec. 7104]
veterinary medical school graduates who agree to
program with qualified entities to develop, implement,
serve for limited time periods in underserved areas. and sustain veterinary services. Authorizes $10 million
Funding subject to appropriations. [7 U.S.C.
per year, subject to annual appropriations. [Sec. 7103]
CRS-106


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
3151a]
Authorizes grants/fellowships to land grant colleges
Reauthorizes at $40 million per year for FY2014-18,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7105]
and universities for food and agricultural sciences
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7104]
education. Annual appropriations of $60 million
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3152]
Authorizes USDA to enter into a wide variety of
Reauthorizes at $10 million per year, subject to
Similar to the Senate bill except removes authority for
grants and other col aborative agreements with
appropriations. Provides preference to policy research
making non-competitive grants and reauthorizes at $5
private and public educational institutions,
centers that have extensive databases, models, and
mil ion per year for FY2014-2018, subject to
corporations, and individuals to conduct
demonstrated experience in providing Congress with
appropriations. [Sec. 7106]
independent research and public policy analysis on
agricultural projections and analysis at the farm, regional,
food and agriculture. Appropriations of such sums
national, and international levels, including information
as necessary are authorized through FY2013. [7
and analysis relating to drought mitigation. [Sec. 7105]
U.S.C. 3155]
Authorizes USDA to make grants to Alaska Native-
Reauthorizes at $10 million per year through FY2018,
No comparable provision.
serving institutions to assist in carrying out
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7106]
education, applied research, and related community
development programs. Annual appropriations of
$10 million authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C.
3156]

Authorizes USDA to make grants for research on
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7107]
human nutrition intervention and health promotion.
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
authorized through FY2013. [Sec. 3174]
Requires USDA to conduct pilot research program
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7108]
to combine medical and agricultural research.
Annual appropriations of $10 million authorized
through FY2013. [Sec. 3174]
Authorizes USDA to establish a national education
Reauthorizes at $90 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7109]
program for disseminating results of food and
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7107]
human nutrition research performed or funded by
USDA. Annual appropriations of $90 million
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3175]
Authorizes animal health and disease research.
Reauthorizes at $25 million per year through FY2018,
Reauthorizes at $15 million per year for FY2013-2018,
Authorizes annual appropriations of $25 million per
CRS-107


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
year through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3195(a)]
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7108]
subject to appropriations [Sec. 7110]
Authorizes research on national or regional
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7111]
problems in agriculture. [7 U.S.C. 3196]
Authorizes annual appropriations of $25 million
Reauthorizes at $25 million per year and $8 million per
Similar to the Senate bill and amends to support tropical
through FY2012 for NARETPA Grants to upgrade
year, respectively, through FY2018, subject to
agricultural research in insular areas. [Sec. 7112 and Sec.
agricultural and food sciences facilities at 1890 land
appropriations. [Sec. 7109 and Sec. 7110]
7113]
grant colleges, including Tuskegee University. [7
U.S.C. 3222b(b)]
Annual appropriations of $8
mil ion authorized through FY2013 for insular area
land-grant institutions. [7 U.S.C. 3222b–2(d)]
Authorizes grants to Hispanic-serving institutions
Reauthorizes at $40 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7115]
to strengthen educational capacity. Annual
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7111]
appropriations of $40 million authorized through
FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3241]
The term "cooperating forestry schools" means
No comparable provision.
Allows institutions to opt out of the respective
those institutions eligible to receive funds under the
designations. [Sec. 7101]
Act of October 10, 1962 (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.),
commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Act of
1962. [7 U.S.C. 3103(5)] The term "Hispanic-
serving agricultural colleges and universities" means
colleges or universities that qualify as Hispanic-
serving institutions and offer degree programs in
agriculture-related fields. [7 U.S.C. 3103(10)(A)]
Authorizes national research and training virtual
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7114]
centers. [7 U.S.C. 3222c]
Authorizes a competitive grant program to fund
No comparable provision.
Expands authority to award competitive grants for
research and extension at Hispanic-serving
training of Hispanic agricultural workers and Hispanic
agricultural universities. Appropriations of such
youth working in the food and agricultural sciences. [Sec.
sums as necessary are authorized beginning FY2008
7116]
and each fiscal year thereafter. [7 U.S.C.
3243(e)(1)]

Authorizes competitive grants for international
Reauthorizes at $5 million per year for FY2014-2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7117]
agricultural science and education programs.
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7112]
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
CRS-108


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3292b]
Authorizes competitive grants for the acquisition of No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7118]
special purpose scientific research equipment.
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3310a]
Authorizes university agricultural research.
Reauthorizes through FY2018, subject to appropriations.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7119]
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
[Sec. 7113]
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3311]
Authorizes agricultural extension activities.
Reauthorizes through FY2018, subject to appropriations.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7120]
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
[Sec. 7114]
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3312]
USDA may retain up to 4% of amounts made
No comparable provision.
The 4% limit does not apply to programs that currently
available for agricultural research, extension, and
contain a limitation that is less than 4%. To the maximum
teaching assistance programs for the administration
extent practicable, USDA shall enter into grants and
of those programs. [7 U.S.C. 3315]
cooperative agreements with former Department of
Agriculture agricultural research facilities. USDA may
enter into agreements with agricultural research
organizations. [Sec. 7121]

Authorizes research on supplemental and
Reauthorizes at $1 million per year for FY2014-2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7122]
alternative crops. Appropriations of such sums as
subject to appropriations, and amends so that only
necessary are authorized through FY2013. [7
competitive grants can be awarded. [Sec. 7115]
U.S.C. 3319d]
Authorizes competitive grants to non-land grant
Reauthorizes through FY2018, subject to appropriations.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7123]
colleges of agriculture. Appropriations of such sums [Sec. 7116]
as necessary are authorized through FY2013. [7
U.S.C. 3319i(b)]

Authorizes grants for a cooperative research and
Reauthorizes at $5 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7124]
extension program to encourage the development,
subject to appropriations, and amends so that only
management, and production of aquatic food
competitive grants can be awarded. [Sec. 7117]
species. Annual appropriations of $7.5 million
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3322(b)
and U.S.C. 3324]

CRS-109


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Authorizes rangeland research. Annual
Reauthorizes at $2 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7125]
appropriations of $10 million authorized through
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7118]
FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3336(a)]
Authorizes biosecurity planning/response.
Reauthorizes at $20 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill, except annual funding is $10
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7119]
million. [Sec. 7126]
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3351(a)]
Authorizes resident instruction & distance
Reauthorizes at $2 million per year for through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7127]
education grants for insular area institutions of
subject to appropriations, and amends so that only
higher education. Appropriations of such sums as
competitive grants can be awarded. [Sec. 7120]
necessary are authorized through FY2013. [7
U.S.C. 3362(a)]

No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
The recipient of a competitive grant under a covered law
that involves applied research or extension and is
commodity-specific or state-specific must provide
matching funds or in-kind contributions of equal value to
the grant. [Sec. 7128]
Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, As Amended

Provides for research on best utilization of
Reauthorizes at $40 million per year for FY2014-2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7201]
biological applications. Annual appropriations of
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7201]
$40 million authorized. [7 U.S.C. 5814]
Provides for a research and education program on
Reauthorizes at $20 million per year for FY2014-2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7202]
integrated resource management and integrated
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7202]
crop management. Annual appropriations of $20
million authorized. [7 U.S.C. 5821]
Provides for information on sustainable agriculture.
For FY2014-18, reauthorizes appropriations of such sums
Identical to the Senate bill except reauthorizes
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
as necessary for sustainable agriculture [Sec. 7203] and
appropriations of $5 million per year for sustainable
authorized. [7 U.S.C. 5831] Education/training for
$20 million per year for education/training [Sec. 7204],
agriculture [Sec. 7203] and $20 million per year for
Cooperative Extension Service agents and other
subject to appropriations.
education/training. [Sec. 7204]
professionals is also provided. Annual
appropriations of $20 million authorized. [7 U.S.C.
5832]

Provides for a national genetics resources program.
Reauthorizes at $1 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7205]
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7205]
CRS-110


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 5844(b)]
Provides for a national agricultural weather
Reauthorizes at $1 million per year through FY2018,
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7206]
information system. Annual appropriations of $5
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7206]
mil ion authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 5851
et seq.]

Provides for a rural electronic commerce extension No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7207]
program to expand and enhance electronic
commerce practices and technology to be used by
small businesses in rural areas. [7 U.S.C. 5923]
Provides for a research initiative called the
Requires USDA to encourage awards to consortia of
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7208]
"Agricultural Genome Initiative" to study and map
eligible entities. [Sec. 7207]
agriculturally significant genes. [7 U.S.C. 5924]
Provides for “high-priority research and extension”
Retains and/or removes some research areas as a “high-
Retains and/or removes some research areas as a “high-
areas and initiatives, and other programs. Among
priority” and adds some new areas including a pulse
priority.” Reauthorizes appropriations through FY2018
other program areas identified in the 2008 farm bill
health initiative, forestry products research, and training
for pollinator protection research grants, USDA
included pollinator protection with specific
coordination. For other programs, reauthorizes to be
coordination efforts, and a nationwide honey bee pest
amounts of authorized appropriations. For other
appropriated “such sums as are necessary” through
and pathogen surveillance program. For other programs,
programs, appropriations of such sums as necessary FY2018. [Sec. 7208]
reauthorizes appropriations of “such sums as are
are authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 5925]
necessary” through FY2018. [Sec. 7209]
Provides for research and extension on
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7210]
technologies for animal waste management and
related air quality management and odor
control. [7 U.S.C. 5925a]
Section 7206 of the 2008 farm bill established the
Reauthorizes OREI with some program changes.
Reauthorizes OREI and establishes a priority for grant
Organic Agriculture Research and Extension
Reauthorizes CCC funds of $16 mil ion (FY2014-FY2018)
proposals found to be “scientifical y meritorious” during
Initiative (OREI), providing grants to facilitate the
and extends authority for appropriated funding of $25
grant proposal review. Reauthorizes CCC funds of $20
development of organic agriculture production and
million through FY2018.. [Sec. 7209]
mil ion (FY2014-FY2018) and extends authority for
processing. Provides mandatory CCC funds of $18
appropriated funding of $25 million through FY2018.
mil ion (FY2009) and $20 million annual y (FY2010-
[Sec. 7211]
FY2012), and authorizes annual appropriations of
$25 million (FY2009-FY2013). [7 U.S.C. 5925b]
Provides for research and extension to enhance the No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7212]
production of biomass energy crops and the energy
efficiency of agricultural operations. [7 U.S.C.
CRS-111


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
5925e]
Authorizes competitive research and extension
Reauthorizes at $5 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7213]
grants for improving the farm business management subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7210]
knowledge and skills of agricultural producers.
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
authorized. [7 U.S.C. 5925f(d)]
Authorizes regional centers of excellence.
Reauthorizes at $10 million per year through FY2018,
Similar to the Senate bill. Requires USDA to prioritize
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
subject to appropriations. USDA may prioritize funding.
funding. [Sec. 7214]
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 5925]
[Sec. 7211]
Authorizes red meat food safety research center.
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7215]
[7 U.S.C. 5929]
Authorizes an assistive technology program for
Reauthorizes at $5 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill except reauthorizes at $3
farmers with disabilities. Annual appropriations of
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7212]
mil ion per year for FY2013-FY2018, subject to
$6 million authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C.
appropriations. [Sec. 7216]
5933(c)(1)]
Authorizes National Rural Information Center
Reauthorizes at $500,000 per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7217]
Clearinghouse. Annual appropriations of $500,000
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7213]
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 3125b(e)]
Agriculture Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (AREERA), As Amended

USDA establishes procedures that provide for
Amends law to emphasize that “relevance” of the
Nearly identical to Senate bill. [Sec. 7301]
scientific peer review of agricultural research grants underlying research and extension programs to the
administered, on a competitive basis, by its National affected industry shall be considered in evaluating grant
Institute of Food and Agriculture. [7 U.S.C. 7613]
applications. [Sec. 7301]
Section 406, as amended, establishes the
Reauthorizes program and extends authority to
Nearly identical to Senate bill. [Sec. 7302]
“Integrated Research, Education, And Extension
appropriate funds through FY2018. [Sec. 7302]
Competitive Grants Program.” Included is the
Organic Transitions Program (ORG), which funds

research, extension, and education programs to
improve the competitiveness of organic producers
and producers transitioning to organic practices.
Appropriations of such sums as necessary are
authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 7626]
CRS-112


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Provides for a coordinated program of research,
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7303]
extension, and education to improve the
competitiveness, viability, and sustainability of small
and medium size dairy, livestock, and poultry
operations. [7 U.S.C. 7627]
Section 408(e) authorizes research on diseases of
Reauthorizes program at $10 million per year through
Reauthorizes program at $7.5 million per year through
wheat, triticale, and barley caused by Fusarium
FY2018, subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7303]
FY2018, subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7304]
graminearum or by Tilletia indica. Appropriations of
such sums as necessary are authorized through
FY2013. [7 U.S.C.7628(e)]
Provides for establish a program to conduct
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7305]
research, testing, and evaluation of programs for
the control and management of Johne's disease in
livestock. [7 U.S.C. 7629]
Section 410(d) authorizes grants for youth
Reauthorizes program at $3 million per year through
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7306]
organizations. Appropriations of such sums as
FY2018, subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7304]
necessary are authorized through FY2013. [7
U.S.C.7630(d)]

Section 7311 of the 2008 farm bill amended the
Reauthorizes SCRI and provides mandatory CCC funds of Reauthorizes SCRI and mandatory CCC funds of $25
AREERA to establish the Specialty Crop Research
$25 million (FY2014); $30 million annually (FY2015-
million (FY2013); $50 million annually (FY2014-FY2015);
Initiative (SCRI), providing mandatory CCC funds
FY2016); $65 million (FY2017); and $50 million (FY2018
$55 million (FY2016-FY2017); and $65 million (FY2018
of $30 million (FY2008) and $50 mil ion annual y
and each fiscal year thereafter). Requires USDA consult
and each fiscal year thereafter). Extends authority to
(FY2009-FY2012), plus authorizes $100 million
with the specialty crops committee during the peer and
appropriate funds through FY2018. Requires USDA to
annual y (FY2008-FY2013), subject to
merit review process. [Sec. 7305]
award competitive grants based on an initial scientific
appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 7632]
peer review conducted by a panel of subject matter
experts and a USDA review and ranking for merit,
relevance, and impact conducted by a panel of specialty
crop industry representatives. [Sec. 7307]
Sec. 604 of AREERA authorizes the Food Animal
Reauthorizes program and extends authority to
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7308]
Residue Avoidance Database. Appropriations of
appropriate funds through FY2018. [Sec. 7306]
such sums as necessary are authorized through
FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 7642]
Sec. 612 of AREERA authorizes National Swine
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7309]
Research Center. [P.L. 105-185; 112 Stat. 605]
CRS-113


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
AREERA establishes the Office of Pest Management
Reauthorizes appropriations of $3 million annual y
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7310]
Policy to coordinate USDA’s policies and activities
(FY2014- FY2018). [Section 7307]
related to pesticides and pest management tools.
Authorizes appropriations of such sums as

necessary through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 7653]

Amends Title VI of AREERA [7 U.S.C. 7651 et seq.] to
No comparable provision.
establish four “Regional Integrated Pest Management
Centers” (located in the north central, northeastern,
southern, and western regions) to provide research and
extension programs, outreach, and response to
information needs, among other purposes. [Sec. 7308]
Requires USDA to conduct a performance
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7311]
evaluation to determine whether federally funded
agricultural research, extension, and education
programs result in public goods that have national
or multistate significance. [7 U.S.C. 7671 et seq.]
Authorities in Other Laws


Provides for development of critical agricultural
Reauthorizes at $2 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7401]
materials. Appropriations of such sums as necessary subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7401]
are authorized through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 178n]
1994 institutions (tribally controlled colleges) are
Updates the list of institutions. Makes changes in grant
Nearly identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7402]
defined. [7 U.S.C. 301]
process. [Sec. 7402]
Authorizes funding for costs of agricultural research Extends authority to appropriate funds through FY2018.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7403]
facilities (experiment stations) under the Research
[Sec. 7403]
Facilities Act. Appropriations of such sums as
necessary are authorized through FY2013. [7
U.S.C. 390d(a)]

Authorizes carbon cycle research. [7 U.S.C. 6711] No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7404]
The Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) Reauthorizes at $700 million per year for AFRI through
Similar to the Senate bill. Adds emphasis on plant-based
makes competitive grants for fundamental and
FY2018. Directs USDA to streamline the competitive
foods that are major sources of nutrients of concern,
applied research, and for purchasing research
grant process for eligible institutions with limited
zoonotic diseases in wildlife reservoirs presenting a
equipment. Authorized funding at $700 million
resources. [Sec. 7404]
potential concern to public health or domestic livestock,
annual y from FY2008 through FY2013, subject to
data for safe and effective therapeutic applications of
CRS-114


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
appropriations. [7 U.S.C. 450i]
animal drugs, conservation practices and technologies
designed to address nutrient losses and improve water
quality, pest management for minor agricultural use and
for use on specialty crops. [Sec. 7405]
USDA operates a National Agricultural Library to
Reauthorizes through FY2018 the authority to lease
Similar to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7511]
serve as the primary agricultural information
property of the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center or
resource of the United States. [7 U.S.C. 3125a]
the Library to any individual or entity. [Sec. 7405]

For annual funds made available to the National
No comparable provision.
Agricultural Library, the Secretary shall use not more
than $5 million per year to support the dissemination of
objective agricultural and food law research and
information through partnerships with institutions of
higher education. [Sec. 7602]
The Renewable Resources Extension Act of 1978
Reauthorizes at $30 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7406]
(P.L. 95-306) authorizes educational and technical
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7406]
aid via state extension agencies and eligible
universities and colleges. Authorizes annual
appropriations of $30 million (FY2009-FY2013). [16
U.S.C. 1671-1676]

Section 10 of the National Aquaculture Act of 1980
Extends authority to appropriate funds through FY2018.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7407]
establishes USDA as the lead Federal agency for
[Sec. 7407]
coordinating and disseminating national aquaculture
information. Authorizes annual appropriations of $3
million through FY2013. [16 U.S.C. 2801]
Authorized through April 4, 2001, the use of
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7408]
remote sensing to anticipate potential food, feed,
and fiber shortages, and to provide timely
information to assist farmers with planting
decisions. [7 U.S.C. 5935]
Requires reports on producers and handlers for
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7409]
organic products [7 U.S.C. 5925b note; P.L. 107-
171],
genetical y modified pest-protected plants
[P.L. 107-171; 116 Stat. 462], and nutrient
banking for the purpose of enhancing the health
CRS-115


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
and viability of watersheds in areas with large
concentrations of animal producing units [7 U.S.C.
5925a note; P.L. 107-171]
.
Establishes the Beginning Farmer and Rancher
Reauthorizes mandatory funding of $17 million per year
Reauthorizes mandatory funding of $20 million per year
Development Program; provides training,
for FY2014-FY2018 (to be available until expended) and
for FY2014-FY2018 (to be available until expended) and
education, outreach/technical assistance initiatives.
extends authority to appropriate funds through FY2018.
extends authority to appropriate funds through FY2018.
Provides mandatory CCC funds of $18 million
State grants are to be made on a competitive basis for
Not less than 5% of funds are to be used to support
(FY2009) and $19 million annually (FY2010-
establishing and improving farm safety at the local
beginning farmers who are military veterans. Recipients of
FY2012), plus authorizes $30 million annual y
level.[Sec. 7408]
grants may not use more than 10% of funds for indirect
(FY2008-FY2013), subject to appropriations. [7
costs. [Sec. 7410]
U.S.C. 3319f]
Under Section 8 of P.L. 87-788 (commonly known
No comparable provision.
Adds the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
as the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act),
Islands to the list of included territories. [Sec. 7411]
the term “State" includes Puerto Rico, the Virgin
Islands, and Guam. [16 U.S.C. 582a-7]
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008


Establishes a communication center to prepare for
Reauthorizes programs at $2 million per year through
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7501]
an agricultural disease emergency or threat to
FY2018, subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7501]
agricultural biosecurity. Appropriations of such
sums as necessary are authorized for FY2008

through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 8912]
Provides assistance to build local capacity in
Reauthorizes at $15 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7502]
agricultural biosecurity planning, preparedness, and
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7502]
response. Appropriations of such sums as necessary
are authorized for FY2008 through FY2013. [7
U.S.C. 8913]

Establishes a competitive grant program to
Reauthorizes program at $15 million per year through
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7503]
encourage basic and applied research and the
FY2018, subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7503]
development of qualified agricultural
countermeasures to respond to an outbreak of
plant disease. Annual appropriations of $50 million
are authorized for FY2008 through FY2013. [7
U.S.C. 8921(b)]

CRS-116


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Establishes a competitive grant program to
Reauthorizes at $5 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7504]
promote the development of teaching programs in
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7504]
disciplines closely allied to the food and agriculture
system to increase the number of trained
individuals with an expertise in agricultural
biosecurity. Appropriations of such sums as
necessary are authorized for FY2008 through
FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 8922(e)]
Prohibits the Grazinglands Research Laboratory at
Reauthorizes provision through FY2018. [Sec. 7511]
Nearly identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7512]
El Reno, Oklahoma from being declared excess or
surplus Federal property.
In the annual budget process, the President is
Requires the budget submission to include sufficient
Nearly identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7513]
required to submit to Congress a single budget line
information for Congress to thoroughly evaluate and
item reflecting the total amount requested by the
approve future spending plans with regard to extramural
President for funding for research, education, and
competitive grants programs and intramural research
extension activities of the Research, Education, and
spending. New language is added to create transparency
Economics mission area of USDA for each fiscal
and accountability for USDA research programs. [Sec.
year and for the preceding 5 years. [7 U.S.C.
7512]
7614c]
Establishes a program of research relating to
Reauthorizes at $7 million per year through FY2018,
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7517]
natural products, including products from plant,
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7513]
marine, and microbial sources. Appropriations of
such sums as necessary are authorized for FY2008
through FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 5937]
Establishes bioenergy research programs through
Consolidates and amends the Sun Grant Program to
Nearly identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 7518]
“sun” grants to land grant institutions and five
expand input from other appropriate federal agencies and
regional centers. The research is to enhance
replace authority for gasification research with
national energy security through the development,
bioproducts research. Makes program competitive by
distribution, and implementation of biobased energy removing designation of certain universities as regional
technologies. Annual appropriations of $75 million
centers. Reauthorizes at $75 million per year through
(FY2008-FY2013) are authorized [7 U.S.C. 8114]
FY2018, subject to appropriations. [Sec. 7514]
Authorizes research and education grants to study
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7514]
the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. [7
U.S.C. 3202]

CRS-117


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Authorizes competitive grants for a Farm and
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7515]
Ranch Stress Assistance Network. [7 U.S.C. 5936]
Authorizes competitive grants to carry out a seed
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7516]
distribution program to administer and maintain the
distribution of vegetable seeds donated by
commercial seed companies. [7 U.S.C. 415-1]
Requires a study and report on food deserts (area
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7519]
with limited access to affordable food). [P.L. 110-
246; 122 Stat. 2039]

Authorizes competitive grants for agricultural and
No comparable provision.
Repeals current law. [Sec. 7520]
rural transportation research and education
activities. [Sec. 7 U.S.C. 5938]
USDA may negotiate agreements granting
No comparable provision.
USDA may negotiate agreements for the National
concessions at the National Arboretum to
Arboretum with nonprofit scientific or educational
nonprofit scientific or educational organizations.
organizations. Net proceeds from the agreements shall be
[Sec. 20 U.S.C. 196]
used exclusively for research and educational work for
the benefit of the National Arboretum. A non-profit
organization that entered into an agreement may
recognize donors if that recognition is approved in
advance by the Secretary. [Sec. 7601]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to submit to Congress a report on the
fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 and
the impact of such fungus on cotton. [Sec. 7602]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
USDA may authorize a non-federal entity to construct, at
no cost and without obligation of the federal government,
a facility for use by the Agricultural Research Service on
land owned by the agency. Subject to certain conditions,
the facility may be accepted as a gift if the value does not
exceed $5 million. [Sec. 7603]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Miscellaneous technical correction. [Sec. 7604]
CRS-118




Title VIII. Forestry
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Program Repeal


Sec. 4 of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act
Repeals FLEP, effective October 1, 2013. [Sec. 8001]
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 8001]
of 1978 (CFAA, P.L. 95-313), as amended,
authorizes and establishes the Forest Land
Enhancement Program (FLEP)
between
FY2002-FY2008. The program was not
reauthorized in the 2008 farm bill. [16 U.S.C.
2301]

Sec. 6 of the CFAA, as amended, authorizes and
No comparable provision.
Repeals WFAP, effective October, 1, 2013. [Sec. 8002]
establishes the Watershed Forestry Assistance
Program (WFAP)
between FY2004-FY2008.
Funding has never been appropriated. [16 U.S.C.
2301b]

Sec. 18 of the CFAA, as amended, authorizes and
No comparable provision.
Repeals the Cooperative National Forest Products
establishes the Cooperative National Forest
Marketing Program. [Sec. 8003]
Products Marketing Program between
FY1988-FY1991. Since FY1993, funding is
appropriated through the Economic Action
Program (EAP), administered by the U.S. Forest
Service. [16 U.S.C. 2112]
S. 8402 of the 2008 farm bill, as amended,
Repeals the Hispanic-serving institution agricultural land
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 8004]
authorizes the Hispanic-serving institution
national resources leadership program, effective October
agricultural land national resources
1, 2013. [Sec. 8002]
leadership program to provide undergraduate
forestry scholarships. Funding has never been
appropriated. [16 U.S.C. 1649a]
Sec. 303 of the Healthy Forest Restoration Act of
Repeals the Tribal watershed forestry assistance program, Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 8005]
2003 (HFRA, P.L. 108-148), as amended, authorizes
effective October, 1, 2013. [Sec. 8003]
and establishes the Tribal watershed forestry
assistance program
between FY2004-FY2008.
Funding has never been appropriated. [16. U.S.C.
6542]
CRS-119


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Sec. 322 of the Department of the Interior and
No comparable provision.
Repeals Sec. 322. [Sec. 8006]
Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 1993 (P.L.
102-381, also known as the Appeals Reform Act),
requires the U.S. Forest Service to provide public
notice, comment, and appeals for land and resource
management plans and projects developed under
the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources
Planning Act of 1974 [16 U.S.C. 1612, note]
Sec. 428 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of
No comparable provision.
Prohibits Sec. 428 from applying to any project or activity
2012, requires USDA to implement a pre-decisional
implementing a land and resource management plan that
objection process for projects implementing land
is categorically excluded from an environmental
and resource management plans developed under
assessment (EA) or environmental impact statement (EIS)
the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources
under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
Planning Act of 1974. [16 U.S.C. 6515, note]
[Sec. 8006]
Reauthorization of Forestry-Related Programs

Sec. 2A(f)(1) of the CFAA, as amended, authorizes
Reauthorizes funding to carry out the state-wide
No comparable provision.
up to $10 million in annual appropriations between
assessment and strategies for forest resources at $10
FY2008-FY2012 to carry out the state-wide
mil ion annual y through FY2018. [Sec. 8101]
assessment and strategies for forest
resources. [16 U.S.C. 2101a(f)(1)]
Sec. 2A(c) of the CFAA, as amended, directs the
No comparable provision.
Adds military installments, where feasible, to the list of
coordination of certain specified federal, state, and
coordinating agencies. [Sec. 8101]
tribal parties in the development of state-wide
assessment and strategies for forest
resources. [16 U.S.C. 2101a(c)]

Sec. 7 of the CFAA, as amended, permanently
No comparable provision.
Eliminates permanent authority to receive annual
authorizes such sums as necessary to be
appropriations of such sums as necessary, and instead
appropriated to carry out the Forest Legacy
authorizes FLP to receive such sums as necessary for
Program (FLP). FLP was created to protect
FY2013 and $55 million annually between FY2014 and
forests that might soon be cleared for non-forest
FY2018, subject to appropriations. [Sec. 8102]
uses and received average annual appropriations of
approximately $58 million from FY2008-FY2012.
[16 U.S.C. 2103c]
Sec. 7a of the CFAA, as amended, permanently
No comparable provision.
Eliminates permanent authority to receive annual
CRS-120


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
authorizes such sums as necessary to be
appropriations of such sums as necessary, and instead
appropriated to carry out the Community
authorizes the program to receive such sums as necessary
Forest and Open Space Conservation
for FY2013 and $1.5 million annually for FY2014-FY2018,
program. The program provides financial
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 8103]
assistance to local governments, tribes, and
nonprofit organizations for preventing the
conversion of forestland to non-forest uses.
Appropriations between FY2010-FY2012 for this
program were less than $2 million annually. [16
U.S.C. 2103d]

Sec. 2371(d)(2) of the Food, Agriculture,
Reauthorizes funding to carry out the rural revitalization
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 8201]
Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-624, technologies program at $5 million annually through
1990 farm bill), as amended, authorizes
FY2018, subject to appropriations. [Sec. 8201]
appropriations of $5 million annually through
FY2013 to carry out the rural revitalization
technologies program
. [7 U.S.C. 6601(d)(2)]
Sec. 2405 of the Global Climate Change Prevention
Reauthorizes the Office of International Forestry to
Similar to Senate bill, except authorizes such sums as
Act of 1990 (within the 1990 farm bill), as amended, receive such sums as necessary through FY2018 subject
necessary for FY2013 and $6 million annually for FY2014-
authorizes such sums as necessary to be
to appropriations. [Sec. 8202]
FY2018, subject to appropriations. [Sec. 8202]
appropriated to administer the Office of
International Forestry
until FY2013. The office
received an average annual appropriation of
approximately $7.5 million from FY2008-FY2012.
[7 U.S.C. 6704]
Sec. 347 of the Department of the Interior and
Repeals current authority and adds similar provisions to
Reauthorizes current authority to September 30, 2018
Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 1999 (P.L.
create a new Sec. 603 of the HFRA, as amended.
and gives the Secretary of Agriculture the discretion to
105-277), as amended, authorizes the Forest
Authorizes stewardship contracts, of 5-10 years, to
consider a contract entered under this authority as a
Service and Bureau of Land Management to enter
achieve land management goals. Includes performance,
contract for the sale of property. [Sec. 8204]
into stewardship end-result contracting
monitoring, evaluation, and reporting requirements. [Sec.
projects (stewardship contracts) to enter into
8204]
contracts or agreements for services to achieve
land management goals. Authority expires
September 30, 2013. [16 U.S.C. 2104, note]
Sec. 508 of the HFRA, as amended, authorizes the
Eliminates mandatory funding authority and replaces with
Eliminates mandatory funding authority and replaces with
Healthy Forests Reserve Program (HFRP) to
authorization to receive appropriations of $9.75 million
authorization to receive appropriations of $9.75 million
CRS-121


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
receive $9.75 million of mandatory funding annually
annual y through FY2018. Adds a definition of “acreage
annual y through FY2018. Provides flexibility for funding
through FY2012. [16 U.S.C. 3578] Sec. 502(e)(3)
owned by Indian tribes.” Enrollment options are
technical assistance. Does not include the Senate language
of the HFRA, as amended, authorizes the
unchanged. Provides flexibility for funding technical
related to acreage owned by Indian tribes. [Sec. 8203]
enrollment of acreage owned by Indian tribes into
assistance. [Sec. 8205]
HFRP through 30-year contracts, 10-year cost-
share agreements, or any combination thereof. [16
U.S.C. 6572(e)(3)]

National Forest Critical Area Response


No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Note: The National Forest Critical Area Response
subtitle is similar to a stand-alone bill introduced in the
House (H.R. 1895). [Sec. 8301-8304]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Defines critical area, National Forest System, and
Secretary. [Sec.8301]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Requires the designation of critical areas with the
National Forest system to address deteriorating forest
health and future risks to forest health. Requires USDA
to use the most recent annual forest health aerial surveys
to determine current forest health, and the National
Insect and Disease Risk map to determine future risks to
forest health. The first critical area must be designated
within 60-days of enactment and critical areas will not
expire for 10-years. [Sec. 8302]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Allows the use of expedited procedures set forth in
HFRA (environmental analysis, administrative review, and
judicial review), with some modifications, to be used for
critical areas. Exempts critical areas from the notice and
comment and appeals requirements for land and resource
management plans and projects. Excludes projects less
than 10,000 acres from conducting an EA or an EIS under
NEPA, or a special administrative review under Sec. 105
of the HFRA, unless the land is in a National Wilderness
Preservation System, federal land where vegetation
removal is prohibited, wilderness study area, or
inconsistent with the land and resource management plan.
[Sec. 8303]
CRS-122


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Sec. 331 of the Department of the Interior and
No comparable provision.
Authorizes the Good Neighbor Authority to any state
Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2001 (P.L.
that contains National Forest System land. Agreements
106-291), as amended, authorizes the Forest
and contracts are exempt from certain timber sale
Service and Bureau of Land Management in
requirements. NEPA decisions may not be delegated
Colorado to enter into cooperative agreements or
through agreements or contracts. [Sec. 8304]
contracts with the State of Colorado to provide
watershed restoration and protection services on
adjacent federal land—referred to as the Good
Neighbor Authority
. Sec. 337 of the
Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2005 (P.L.
108-447)
, as amended, extends the authority to
the Forest Service in the state of Utah. Authority
expires September 30, 2013.
Miscellaneous Forestry Provisions


Sec. 4 of the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Waives the matching requirements for 1890 Institutions
No comparable provision.
Act (P.L. 87-788), as amended, establishes funding
for allocations below $200,000. [Sec. 8301(a)]
requirements for col ege and university forestry-
related research. [16 U.S.C. 582a-3]
Sec. 8 of the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Adds Federated States of Micronesia, American Samoa,
No comparable provision.
Act, as amended, defines ‘states’ as including Puerto Northern Mariana Islands, and the District of Columbia to
Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Guam. [16 U.S.C.
the definition of ‘state.’ [Sec. 8301(b)]
582a-7]
Sec. 3(e) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable
Requires USDA to revise the strategic plan for forest
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 8401]
Resources Research Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-307), as
inventory and analysis and report revisions to Congress.
amended, requires USDA to establish a program to
[Sec. 8302]
inventory and analyze public and private forests and
their resources. [16 U.S.C. 1642(e)]
Sec. 1252 of FSA, as amended, authorizes an
No comparable provision.
Authorizes a program similar to the Agricultural
Agriculture Conservation Experienced
Conservation Experienced Services (ACES) program
Service Program (ACES), such that USDA can
under the conservation title (Title II) to provide technical
enter into agreements with organizations to
services for conservation-related programs and
provide technical assistance (excludes
authorities on National Forest Service lands. [Sec. 8402]
administrative tasks) using qualified individuals 55
years or older. [16 U.S.C. 3851]
CRS-123


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Sec. 3(d)(2) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable No comparable provision.
Adds demonstrating the beneficial characteristics of wood
Resources Research Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-307), as
as a green building material as a research and education
amended, sets research and education priorities for
priority and requires the Secretary to submit an annual
the Forest Service. [16 U.S.C. 1642(d)(2)]
report to Congress describing the Forest Service’s
research on and application of wood as a green building
material. [Sec. 8403]
Sec. 14(g) of the National Forest Management Act
No comparable provision.
Authorizes the Forest Service to designate harvest
of 1976 [16 U.S.C. 472a(g)] requires the physical
material through description (describing specific
designation or marking of trees or forest products
characteristics of trees for harvest, such as a certain
for timber sale harvests.
species of tree with a given stump diameter) or
prescription (prescribing the desired post-harvest
characteristics, such as thinning a stand to a specific basal
area factor), in addition to physically designating or
marking individual trees for harvest. [Sec. 8404]
No comparable provision.
Allows the Secretary of Agriculture to serve as an
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 8405]
intermediary between States seeking reimbursement of
fire funds, subject to terms and conditions. [Sec. 8303]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to submit a report
to Congress containing an assessment of the raw material
needs and ability of the national forests to fulfill those
needs of wood-producing facilities located within 100
miles of a national forest, and a comparison of the volume
of timber sold and harvested from each national forest to
the allowable sale quality indicated in each Forest Plan for
the past decade [Sec. 8406]
No comparable provisions.
No comparable provision.
Requires the Secretary to submit a report to Congress
on the status of national forest roads and trails. [Sec.
8407]

No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to designate treatment areas in at least
No comparable provision.
one national forest in each state, if requested by the
Governor of the state, where there is declining forest
health from insect or disease infestation. Authorizes
appropriations of $200 million annual y through FY2018.
New Sec. 602 of the HFRA [Sec. 8203]
CRS-124



Title IX. Energy
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Definitions

Advanced Biofuel. Fuel derived from renewable
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
biomass other than corn kernel starch. Includes
biofuel derived from sugar and starch other than
corn kernel starch, renewable biodiesel, biogas
produced from organic matter, as well as other
fuels (e.g., home heating fuels, and aviation and jet
fuels) from cellulosic biomass (including organic
waste material). [7 U.S.C. 8101(3)]
Biobased Product. A commercial or industrial
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
Similar to current law except for the explicit inclusion of
product—i.e., intermediate, feedstock, or end
forestry materials that meet biobased content
product (other than food or feed)—composed in
requirements, notwithstanding the market share the
whole or in part of biological products including
product holds, the age of the product, or whether the
renewable agricultural and forestry materials.
market for the product is new or emerging. [Sec. 9001]
[7 U.S.C. 8101(4)]
Biofuel. A fuel derived from renewable biomass.
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
[7 U.S.C. 8101(5)]
Biomass Conversion Facility. A facility that
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
converts renewable biomass into heat, power,
biobased products, or advanced biofuels.
[7 U.S.C. 8101(6)]

Biorefinery. A facility (including equipment and
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
processes) that converts renewable biomass into
biofuels and biobased products, and may produce
electricity. [7 U.S.C. 8101(7)]
No comparable provision.
Forest Product. A product made from materials
Identical to the Senate bill.. [Sec. 9001]
derived from the practice of forestry or the management
of growing timber including pulp, paper, paperboard,
pellets, lumber, and wood products, and any recycled
products derived from forest materials. [Sec. 9001]
Renewable Biomass. Includes- (A) materials,
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
pre-commercial thinnings, or invasive species from
CRS-125


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
National Forest System land and public lands that
are: byproducts of designated preventive
treatments (removed to reduce hazardous fuels, to
reduce or to contain disease or insect infestation,
or to restore ecosystem health), not used for
higher value products, and harvested in accordance
with applicable law and land management plans and
requirements for old-growth maintenance,
restoration, and management and large-tree
retention, or (B) any organic matter available on a
recurring basis from non-federal or Indian land
including: renewable plant material (including
agricultural commodities, plants and trees, and
algae) and waste material (including crop residue,
vegetative waste, wood waste and residues, animal
waste and byproducts, and food and yard waste).
[7 U.S.C. 8101(12)]

No comparable definition.
Renewable Chemical. A monomer, polymer, plastic,
No comparable definition.
formulated product, or chemical substance produced
from renewable biomass. [Sec. 9001]
Renewable Energy. Energy derived from a wind,
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
Same as current law. [Sec. 9001]
solar, renewable biomass, ocean (including tidal,
wave, current, and thermal), geothermal, or
hydroelectric source. [7 U.S.C. 8101(13)]
No comparable definition.
No comparable definition.
Renewable Energy System. a system that produces
energy from a renewable source including distribution
components necessary to move energy produced by such
a system to the initial point of sale, but not any
mechanism for dispensing energy at retail (e.g., a blender
pump). [Sec. 9001]
Authorized Programs
Biobased Markets Program. Extended by the
Extends the Biobased Markets Program through FY2018
Extends current law through FY2018. Authorizes to be
2008 farm bill. Requires federal agencies to
including, in addition to preference for biobased products, appropriated $2 million annually for FY2014-FY2018. No
purchase products with maximum biobased content establish a targeted biobased-only procurement
mandatory funding is authorized. [Sec. 9002]
subject to availability and flexibility and
requirement for federal agencies. Limits reporting on the
CRS-126


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
performance standards. Minimum biobased content
availability, relative price, performance and environmental
standards applied to federal contracts on case-by-
and public health benefits of biobased materials subject to
case basis. Continued voluntary labeling.
the availability of data. Adds reporting requirements of
Authorized mandatory funding of $1 million for
quantities and types of biobased products purchased by
FY2008 and $2 million annual y for FY2009-FY2012; procuring federal agencies and a focus on biobased
no mandatory funding was authorized for FY2013.
content requirements (explicitly including forest
Authorized to be appropriated $2 million annual y
products). Mandates (within 1 year of enactment)
for FY2009-FY2013 for testing and labeling.
designation of intermediate ingredients or feedstocks and
[7 U.S.C. 8102]
assembled and finished biobased products according to
guidelines. Adds auditing and compliance activities to
ensure proper use of biobased labeling. Adds an outreach,
education, and promotion component (with annual
reports) to increase awareness of biobased products.
Mandates study (and report) by USDA to assess
economic impact of biobased product industry, due 180
days after enactment. Encourages expedited coordination,
review and approval (with appropriate technical
assistance) of forest-related biobased products.
Authorizes mandatory funding of $3 million annual y for
FY2014-FY2018. Authorizes to be appropriated $2 million
annual y for FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 9002]
Biorefinery Assistance Program. Established by Renamed as the Biorefinery, Renewable Chemical,
Extends current law through FY2018 except that the
the 2008 farm bill. Assists in development of new
and Biobased Product Manufacturing Assistance
program is limited to loan guarantees (grants are
and emerging technologies for advanced biofuels by
Program. Extends and expands the program to include
eliminated); demonstration-scale biorefineries are no
providing competitive grants (up to 30% of total
renewable chemical (as defined above in Sec. 9001) and
longer eligible for loan guarantees. Authorizes to be
project costs) and loan guarantees (limited to $250
biobased product manufacturing (defined as development,
appropriated $75 million annually for FY2014-FY2018. No
mil ion or 80% of project cost) for construction
construction, and retrofitting of technologically new
mandatory funding is authorized. [Sec. 9003]
and/or retrofitting of demonstration-scale
commercial-scale processing and manufacturing
biorefineries to demonstrate the commercial
equipment and required facilities used to convert
viability of one or more processes for converting
renewable chemicals and other biobased outputs into
renewable biomass to advanced biofuels. Provided
commercial-scale end products). Extends grants and loan
mandatory funding of $75 million in FY2009 and
guarantee availability to the development and
$245 million in FY2010, available until expended,
construction of renewable chemical and biobased product
for loan guarantees. Authorized to be appropriated
manufacturing facilities. Authorized mandatory funding of
$150 million annual y for FY2009-13 for grants.
$100 million for FY2014 and $58 million each for FY2015-
[7 U.S.C. 8103]
FY2016, but not more than $25 mil ion of FY2014-
FY2015 may be used to promote biobased product
CRS-127


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
manufacturing. Authorized to be appropriated $150
mil ion annual y for FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 9003]
Repowering Assistance Program. Established
No comparable provision.
Extends current law through FY2018. Authorizes to be
by the 2008 farm bill. Provides funds to reduce or
appropriated $10 million annually for FY2014-FY2018. No
eliminate the use of fossil fuels for processing or
mandatory funding is authorized. [Sec. 9004]
power in biorefineries in existence at enactment.
Not more than 5% of funds are available to eligible
producers with a refining capacity exceeding 150
mil ion gallons of advanced biofuel per year.
Provided mandatory CCC funding of $35 million
for FY2009, available until expended. Authorized to
be appropriated $15 million annually for FY2009-
13. [7 U.S.C. 8104]
Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels.
Extends the Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels
Nearly identical to the Senate bill, except the House
Established by the 2008 farm bill. Provides
Program through FY2018. Authorizes to be appropriated
authorizes to be appropriated $50 million annually for
payments to producers to support and expand
$20 million annual y for FY2014-FY2018. No mandatory
FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 9005]
production of advanced biofuels by entering into
funding is authorized. [Sec. 9004]
contracts to pay producers for production of
eligible advanced biofuels. Provided mandatory
funding of $55 million (FY2009), $55 million
(FY2010), $85 million (FY2011), and $105 million
(FY2012), available until expended. Authorized to
be appropriated $25 million annually (FY2009-13)
[7 U.S.C. 8105]
Biodiesel Fuel Education Program. Extended
Extends the Biodiesel Fuel Education Program through
Extends the Biodiesel Fuel Education Program through
by the 2008 farm bill. Awards competitive grants to
FY2018. Authorizes mandatory funding of $1 million
FY2018. Authorizes to be appropriated $2 million
nonprofit organizations that educate fleet operators annual y for FY2014-FY2018. Authorizes to be
annual y for FY2014-FY2018. No mandatory funding is
and the public on biodiesel benefits. Provided
appropriated $1 million annual y for FY2014-FY2018.
authorized. [Sec. 9006]
mandatory CCC funding of $1 million annual y
[Sec. 9005]
(FY2008-FY2012). Authorized to be appropriated
$1 million for FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 8106]
Rural Energy for America Program (REAP).
Extends REAP through FY2018. Grants are limited to the
Nearly identical to the Senate bill except that the grant
Established by the 2008 farm bill. Provides financial
lesser of $500,000 or 25% of the cost of the RES or EEI
ceiling of $500,000 is not imposed in the House, and no
assistance of grants, guaranteed loans, and
activity. Repeals the use of REAP funds for feasibility
mandatory funding is authorized—instead, $45 million is
combined grants and guaranteed loans for the
studies. Adds a 3-tiered application process with separate
authorized to be appropriated annually for FY2014-
CRS-128


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
development and construction of renewable energy
application processes for grants and loan guarantees for
FY2018. [Sec. 9007]
systems (RES) and for energy efficiency
RES and EEI projects based on the project cost: tier-1 for
improvement (EEI) projects (eligible entities include
projects < $80,000; tier-2 for $80,000 < projects <
rural small businesses and agricultural producers);
$200,000; and tier-3 for projects > $200,000. Authorizes
grants for conducting energy audits and for
mandatory funding of $68.2 million annually for FY2014-
conducting renewable energy development
FY2018. Authorizes to be appropriated $20 million
assistance (eligible entities include state, tribe, or
annual y for FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 9006]
local governments, land-grant colleges and
universities, rural electric cooperatives, and public
power entities); and grants for conducting RES
feasibility studies (eligible entities include rural small
businesses and agricultural producers). Grants are
limited to $500,000 for RES and $250,000 for EEI
activities up to 25% of the cost of the RES or EEI
activity. Loan guarantees are limited to a max of
$25 million and a min of $5,000 up to 75% of the
cost of a funded activity. Provides mandatory funds:
$55 million (FY2009), $60 million (FY2010), $70
mil ion (FY2011), and $70 million (FY2012),
available until expended. Authorizes $25 million
annually, subject to appropriations
(FY2009-FY2013). [7 U.S.C. 8107]
Biomass Research & Development Initiative
Extends BRDI through FY2018. Authorizes mandatory
Extends BRDI through FY2018. No mandatory funding is
(BRDI). Created originally under the Biomass
funding of $26 million annual y for FY2014-FY2018.
authorized. Authorizes to be appropriated $20 million
Research & Development Act of 2000 [P.L. 106-
Authorizes to be appropriated $30 million annual y for
annual y for FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 9008]
224], and extended by the 2008 farm bill. Provides
FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 9007]
competitive funding as grants, contracts, and
financial assistance for research, development, and
demonstration of technologies and processes
leading to commercial production of biofuels and
biobased products. Provides for coordination
between USDA and DOE work related to biofuels
and biobased products research and development
programs through the Biomass Research and
Development Board. Provides mandatory funding:
$20 million (FY2009), $28 million (FY2010), $30
mil ion (FY1022), and $40 million (FY2012).
CRS-129


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Authorizes to be appropriated $35 million annually
(FY2009-FY2013). [7 U.S.C. 8108]
Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative.
No provision. Hence, program funding authority would
No provision. Hence, program funding authority would
Established by amended Sec. 9009 [Sec. 9001] of
expire after FY2013.
expire after FY2013.
2008 farm bill. Provides cost-share grants (up to
50%) for rural communities to assess energy
systems and make improvements. Authorizes to be
appropriated $5 million annual y (FY2009-FY2013);
however, no funds were ever appropriated and no
rules were ever promulgated. [7 U.S.C. 8109]
Feedstock Flexibility Program. Established by
Extends the Feed Stock Flexibility Program through
Identical to the Senate bill.
the 2008 farm bill. Authorizes use of CCC funds
FY2018. [Sec. 9008]
(such sums as necessary) to purchase sugar
(intended for food use but deemed to be in surplus)
for resale as a biomass feedstock to produce
bioenergy. USDA would implement the program
only in those years where purchases are
determined to be necessary to ensure that the
sugar program operates at no cost to the federal
government. [7 U.S.C. 8110]
Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP).
Extends BCAP through FY2018. Excludes algae as an
Extends BCAP through FY2018. Removes criteria defining
Established by the 2008 farm bill. Provides financial
eligible crop; changes enrolled land eligibility; includes
eligible materials and exclusions to eligible materials.
assistance to owners and operators of agricultural
residue from crops receiving Title I payments as eligible
Removes al support for CHST. No mandatory funding is
land and nonindustrial private forest land who wish
material, but extends exclusion to any whole grain from a
authorized. Authorizes to be appropriated $75 million
to establish, produce, and deliver biomass
Title I crop, as well as bagasse. One-time establishment
annual y for FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 9010]
feedstocks under two categories of assistance: (A)
payments are limited to no more than 50% of cost of
establishment and annual payments provided under
establishment, not to exceed $500 per acre ($750/acre
contract between USDA and participating
for socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers). CHST
producers, including a one-time payment of up to
matching payments may not exceed $20 per dry ton but
75% of cost of establishment for perennial crops,
are available for a 4-year period. Not later than 4 years
and annual payments (rental rates based on a set of
after enactment, USDA shall submit a report on best
criteria) of up to 5 years for non-woody and 15
practice data and information gathered from participants.
years for woody perennial biomass crops, and (B)
Authorizes mandatory funding of $38.6 million annual y
matching payments at a rate of $1 for each $1 per
for FY2014-FY2018. Not less than 10% or more than 50%
ton provided, up to $45 per ton, for a period of 2
of funding may be used for CHST. [Sec. 9009]
years to help eligible material owners with
CRS-130


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
collection, harvest, storage, and transportation
(CHST) of eligible material for use in a qualified
biomass conversion facility. Eligible material
excludes Title I crops, animal waste and
byproducts, food and yard waste, and algae.
Provides mandatory CCC funding of such sums as
necessary annual y for FY2008-FY2012. Authorized
to be appropriated $20 million for FY2013.
[7 U.S.C. 8111]
Forest Biomass for Energy Program.
Repeals the Forest Biomass for Energy Program.
No comparable provision.
Established by the 2008 farm bill. Requires the
[Sec. 9010]
Forest Service to conduct a competitive research
and development program to encourage use of
forest biomass for energy. Authorized to be
appropriated $15 million annual y (FY2009-
FY2013). [7 U.S.C. 8112]
Community Wood Energy Program.
Extends the Community Wood Energy Program through
Extends the Community Wood Energy Program through
Established by the 2008 farm bill. Provides grants of
FY2018. Authorizes grants of up to $50,000 to be made
FY2018. Authorizes to be appropriated $2 million
up to $50,000 for up to 50% of the cost for
to establish or expand biomass consumer cooperatives
annual y for FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 9011]
communities to plan and install wood energy
that will provide consumers with services or discounts
systems in public buildings. The energy system
relating to the purchase of biomass heating systems or
acquired with grant funds shall not exceed an
products (including their delivery and storage). Any
output of 50,000,000 Btu per hour for heating and
biomass consumer cooperative that receives a grant must
2 megawatts for electric power production.
match at least the equivalent of 50% of the funds toward
Authorized to be appropriated $5 million annual y
the establishment of expansion of a biomass consumer
(FY2009-FY13). [7 U.S.C. 8113]
cooperative. Authorizes to be appropriated $5 million
annual y for FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 9011]
Biofuels Infrastructure Study. The 2008 farm
No comparable provision.
Repeals the requirement to conduct the study (and
bill required USDA to conduct a study (and report)
report). [Sec. 9012]
to assess the infrastructure needs for expanding the
domestic production, transport, and distribution of
biofuels given current and likely future market
trends with recommendations for such
infrastructure through 2025 based on needs, costs,
and other factors. No specific time frame or
funding was provided. [Sec. 9002 of P.L. 110-246]
CRS-131


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Renewable Fertilizer Study. The 2008 farm bill
Requirement to conduct the study is repealed. [Sec.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 9013]
required USDA to conduct a study to assess the
9012]
current state of knowledge on the potential for the
production of fertilizer from renewable energy
sources in rural areas. Study was to be completed
within one year of receiving an appropriation.
Authorized to be appropriated $1 million for
FY2009. [Sec. 9003 of P.L. 110-246]
CRS-132


Title X. Horticulture
(unless otherwise specified)
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Marketing and Promotion, and Trade


Block Grants to States. The Specialty Crops
Reauthorizes program through FY2018. Increases
Similar to the Senate bill, but provides higher funding
Competitiveness Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-465), as
mandatory funding to $70 million annually (FY2014
levels: $72.5 million annually (FY2014-2017) and $85
amended by the 2008 farm bill, authorized block
through FY2018), which would also raise the minimum
mil ion (FY2018). Requires 50% cost-sharing by states for
grants to states to support projects in marketing,
grant amount received by each state/territory. Changes
equipment or capital-related research costs. [Sec. 10007]
research, pest management, and food safety, among
additional allocation to be based on both production
other purposes. Current mandatory CCC funding
value and acreage (instead of production value only). Of
is $55 million annually (FY2010-FY2013). [7 U.S.C.
the funds provided, allows for multistate project grants
1621 note]
involving food safety, plant pests and disease, crop-specific
projects addressing common issues, and any other area as
determined by USDA, with increased funding starting at
$1 million (FY2013) to $5 million (FY2017). Al ows for
multistate projects for research. Limits administrative
costs to 3% at the federal level and 8% at the state level.
[Sec. 10008]

Farmers' Market Promotion Program
Reauthorizes the current grant program, but changes the
Similar to the Senate bill, except that the House bill
(FMPP). The Farmer-to-Consumer Direct
scope and name of the program to the “Farmer’s Market
provides $30 million annually (FY2014-FY2018) in CCC
Marketing Act (P.L. 94-463), as amended, originally
and Local Food Promotion Program.” Expands the
funding but limits the appropriations authority to $10
authorized the FMPP to promote farmers' markets,
program to include local and regional food enterprises
million annually, and caps administrative expenses at 3%
roadside stands, community-supported agriculture
that process, distribute, aggregate, store, and market
of funding. [Sec. 10003]
programs, agri-tourism activities, and other direct
local y or regionally produced food products, designating
producer-to-consumer market opportunities.
50% of available funds for this purpose. Increases
Note: Another related provision is in Title IV (Nutrition), the
Authorized annual appropriations for grants to local mandatory funding to $20 million annually (FY2014
Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program). [Sec. 4201]
governments and nonprofit organizations. Current
through FY2018), and separately authorizes
mandatory CCC funding is $10 mil ion annually
appropriations of $20 million each year (FY2014-FY2018).
(FY2011-FY2012). [7 U.S.C. 3005]
Limits use of funds for administration to 10%. Requires
USDA, when awarding grants, to give priority to
Note: Among the programs not included in the
proposals for projects that benefit underserved
one-year extension of the 2008 farm bill in the
communities, mid-sized farm and ranch operations, and
American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-
build capacity for local/regional food systems. [Sec.
240).
10003]
Note: Another related provision is in Title IV (Nutrition, the
Seniors Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program). [Sec. 4202]

CRS-133


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Transporting Specialty Crops. Section 10403 of Repeals authorization under section 10403 of the 2008
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 10002]
the 2008 farm bill authorized grants to various
farm bill. [Sec. 10002]
public and private entities to improve transporting
specialty crops to markets. Authorized
appropriations of such sums as necessary.
The Export Apple Act provides for the
Exempts apples shipped to Canada in bulk bins (i.e., bins
Exempts apples shipped to Canada in bulk bins (i.e., bins
inspection and certification of U.S. apples before
with apples weighing more than 100 lbs.) from inspection.
with apples weighing more than 100 lbs.) from provisions
entering foreign commerce. [7 U.S.C. 584]
[Sec. 10011]
of the Export Apple Act. Requires USDA to issue
regulations to carry out this provision within 60 days of
enactment. [Sec. 10009]
Import Controls. The Agricultural Adjustment
No comparable provision.
Adds olive oil imports to the list of commodities
Act prohibits the importation of certain agricultural
regulated under the Agricultural Adjustment Act. [Sec.
commodities unless those imports meet the grade,
10010]
size, quality, and maturity provisions that govern
the marketing of domestic production under
federal marketing orders. [7 U.S.C. 608-e1(a)]
Trade Promotion. See also Title III (Trade) for
See Title III, Trade. [Sec. 3205] and [Sec. 3102]
See Title III, Trade. [Sec. 3205] and [Sec. 3102]
reauthorization of Technical Assistance for
Specialty Crops (TASC) [7 U.S.C. 5680] and the
Market Access Program (MAP) [7 U.S.C. 5623]
The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937
No comparable provision.
Requires that USDA lift a stay of regulations related to
authorizes AMS to facilitate and oversee the
establishing an industry-funded promotion, research, and
operation of marketing orders and agreements,
information program for fresh-cut Christmas trees. [Sec.
usually at the request of industry. [7 U.S.C. 601 et
10015]
seq.]
Organic Certification


National Organic Program (NOP). The
Reauthorizes NOP and appropriations of $15 million
Reauthorizes NOP and appropriations of $11 million
Organic Foods Production Act (OFPA) of 1990
annual y (FY2014- FY2018). Provides mandatory funding
annual y (FY2014-FY2018). Requires the NOP to
(P.L. 101-624, Title XXI; in 1990 farm bill), as
of $5 million in FY2013 (available until expended) to
modernize its database and technology systems [Sec.
amended by the 2008 farm bill, authorized the NOP modernize the NOP database and technology systems.
10004(b-c)] Amends OFPA’s investigations and
to develop and enforce national standards for
[Sec. 10005(b-c)] Amends OFPA’s recordkeeping,
enforcement provisions. [Sec. 10005]
organically-produced agricultural products.
investigations, and enforcement provisions. [Sec. 10009]
Authorized appropriations were $11 million in
FY2013, plus additional sums as necessary. [7
CRS-134


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
U.S.C. 6522] Provides for enforcement and
penalties for violations of NOP’s labeling
requirements for certified organic products. [7
U.S.C. 6519]

The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937
Allows for USDA to develop a process to establish an
Allows for USDA to develop an organic research and
authorizes AMS to facilitate and oversee the
organic research and promotion program (“check-off”
promotion program (“check-off” program) for organic
operation of marketing orders and agreements,
program) for organic products. [Sec. 10012] Does not
products, similar to Senate bill. [Sec. 10004(f)]
usually at the request of industry. [7 U.S.C. 601 et
require USDA lift a stay of regulations related to
seq.] No program for organic products currently
Christmas tree promotion and research, similar to the
exists.
House bill.
Financial Assistance. Section 524(b) of the
Authorizes $23 million in mandatory CCC funding
Repeals the National Organic Certification Cost-Share
Federal Crop Insurance Act, as amended,
annual y (FY2014-FY2018) and combines the two
program. [Sec. 10004(d)]
authorizes the Agricultural Management Assistance
programs to include (1) organic certification cost share
(AMA) program. AMA provides financial and
assistance (50% of funds); (2) activities to support risk
technical to producers in 16 specified states for
management education and outreach under the Federal
conservation practices, risk mitigation, and market
Crop Insurance Act (26% of funds); and (3) agricultural
diversification. Provides $15 million in annual
management assistance grants to producers in states with
mandatory funding in FY2008 through FY2014, and
low federal crop insurance participation, for various
$10 million each fiscal year thereafter. Requires
conservation purposes (24% of funds). See Title XI, Crop
50% to NRCS, 40% to RMA, and 10% to AMS. [7
Insurance. [Sec. 11034] Per-person payments are limited
U.S.C. 1524(b)]
to $50,000 in any one year.
Section 10606 of the 2002 farm bill established the
For NOCCSP, based on the stated formula, total funding
National Organic Certification Cost Share Program
over the 5-year period (FY2014-FY2018) would be about
(NOCCSP) to help producers and handlers of
$57.5 million.
organic products obtain certification. Provided $22
million in mandatory funding in FY2008 (available
until expended). [7 U.S.C. 6523]
Data and Information Collection


Market News. Section 10107 of the 2008 farm bill Reauthorizes program at $9 million subject to annual
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 10001]
authorized support for the collection and
appropriations through FY2018. [Sec. 10001]
dissemination of market news for specialty crops.
Authorized appropriations $9 million annual y
(FY2008-FY2013) to remain available until
expended. [7 U.S.C. 1622b(b)]
CRS-135


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Organic Production and Market Data
Reauthorizes appropriations of $5 million through
Reauthorizes appropriations of $5 million through
Initiatives (ODI). Section 7407 of the 2002 farm
FY2018 (available until expended) and provides for funds
FY2018 (available until expended). [Sec. 10004(a)]
bill, as amended by the 2008 farm bill, required
to be available “annually thereafter.” Provides an
USDA to keep segregated data on organic
additional $5 million in mandatory CCC funds (to remain
production and marketing. Provided $5 million in
available until expended). Requires coordination of
mandatory CCC funding, plus authorized
USDA’s data user agencies. [Sec. 10005(a)]
appropriations of $5 million annually (FY2008-
FY2012), both available until expended. Specified
that $3.5 million of available mandatory funds be
allocated to AMS. [7 U.S.C. 5925c]
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to collect data on the production and
Similar to Senate provision. [Sec. 10017]
marketing of locally or regionally produced agricultural
food products; facilitate interagency collaboration and
data sharing on programs related to local and regional
food systems; and monitor the effectiveness of programs
designed to expand or facilitate local food systems.
Requires USDA to submit a report to House and Senate
agriculture committees, within 1 year after enactment,
describing its progress and identifying any additional needs
related to developing local and regional food systems.
[Sec. 10004]
Food Safety and Quality Standards


Produce Safety Education. Section 10105 of the Reauthorizes to be appropriated $1 million annual y to
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 10006]
2008 farm bill amended the Agricultural Research,
remain available until expended (FY2013- FY2018). [Sec.
Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (P.L.
10006]
105-185) to implement a program to educate fresh
produce industry personnel and consumers on
ways to reduce pathogens in fresh produce.
Authorized appropriations of $1 million annually to
remain available until expended [7 U.S.C.
7655a(c)]

No comparable provision.
Within 180 days after enactment, requires USDA to
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 10008]
submit to the Food and Drug Administration a report
that describes an appropriate federal standard for the
identity of honey, and shal consider the March 2006
CRS-136


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Standard of Identity citizens petition filed with FDA. [Sec.
10010]

Plant Pest and Disease Management


Pest and Disease Control. Sections 10201 and
Repeals program under Section 10202 of the 2008 farm
Similar to the Senate bill, except that the House bill
10202 of the 2008 farm bill amended the Plant
bill and authorizes a consolidated plant pest and disease
provides mandatory funding of $5 million for FY2013,
Protection Act (PPA) to authorize an early plant
management and disaster prevention program, named the
$62.5 million annual y (FY2014-FY2017), and $75 million
pest detection and surveillance system and threat
“National Clean Plant Network”. Consolidates and
for FY2018. Of the available funds, requires at least $5
identification/mitigation, among other activities, and
increases available mandatory funding levels: $60 million
mil ion annual y for the Clean Plant Network. [Sec.
a National Clean Plant Network where the
annual y (FY2014-FY2017) and $65 million for FY2018
10011]
specialty crop industry can obtain pest- and disease-
and each fiscal year thereafter. [Sec. 10007]
free planting stock. Provided mandatory CCC funds
reaching $50 million in FY2012 (with provisions for
annual funding of $50 million annually thereafter),
plus another $5 million in FY2008 (available until
expended). [7 U.S.C. 7721]
See also Title VII (Research) for reauthorization of
See Title VII, Research. [Sec. 7307] and [Sec. 7308]
See Title VII, Research. [Sec. 7310]
the Office of Pest Management Policy and other
pest management policies [7 U.S.C. 7653]
Exemptions from Certain Regulatory Requirements
Biological Opinions. Under the Endangered
No comparable provision.
Creates an exception for amending pesticide registrations
Species Act (ESA), federal agencies (such as EPA)
from ESA requirements for consultation, when a BiOp
are required to avoid jeopardy to listed species and

was issued before a certain date. The exception would
adverse modification of designated critical habitat in
require BiOps to comply with recommendations by a
their actions. They consult with the Fish and

study to be conducted by the National Academy of
Wildlife Service (FWS) or the National Marine

Sciences. Explicitly applies to BiOps completed prior to
Fisheries Service (NMFS), which issue Biological
the date of completion of the study yet allows
Opinions (BiOps) on jeopardy. If a BiOp finds a

amendment of the pesticide registration only if that BiOp
pesticide, or a specific use of it, would jeopardize a

complies with the recommendations of the forthcoming
listed species, EPA would violate ESA if it allowed
study. [Sec. 10012]
that pesticide or specific use. EPA restricts specific
uses through labeling requirements. [16 U.S.C.
1536]

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
No comparable provision.
Amends FIFRA so that “seed, including treated seed, shall
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) [7 U.S.C.136-136y]
not be considered a pesticide or device.” [Sec. 10014]
CRS-137


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
and Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
Requires EPA, in conjunction with USDA, to submit a
(FFDCA) [21 U.S.C. §346a)] are among the
report on the potential economic and public health effects
major statutory authorities governing pesticide
of finalizing a proposed order (published on January 19,
regulation.
2011) pertaining to the pesticide sulfuryl flouride. [Sec.
10016]

Discharge Permits. In October 2011, EPA issued
No comparable provision.
Use and Discharges of Authorized Pesticides.
a Pesticide General Permit (PGP) requiring a Clean
Amends FIFRA and the CWA to provide that neither EPA
Water Act (CWA) discharge permit for certain
nor a state may require a CWA permit for discharge of a
pesticide applications in or near waters of the
pesticide whose use has been authorized pursuant to
United States. EPA and states are implementing this
FIFRA. Defines specified circumstances where a permit
permit requirement. Pertains to section 402 of
would be required (e.g., municipal or industrial treatment
CWA [33 U.S.C. 1342]
works effluent that contains pesticide or pesticide
residue). [Sec. 10013]
Research (Title VII) – Related Issues


See also Title VII (Research) for reauthorization of
See Title VII, Research.
See Title VII, Research.
the Specialty Crop Research Initiative (SCRI) [7
U.S.C. 7632]
,
the Organic Agriculture Research

and Extension Initiative (OREI) [7 U.S.C. 5925b],
the Organic Transitions Program (ORG) [7 U.S.C.
7626], and certain pest management activities [7
U.S.C. 7653]

Nutrition (Title IV) – Related Issues


See also Title IV (Nutrition) for reauthorization of
See Title IV, Nutrition.
See Title IV. Nutrition.
Section 32 funding to purchase fruits, vegetables,
and certain other specialty food crops [7 U.S.C.
612c-4]
and grants to achieve “hunger-free
communities", among others [7 U.S.C. 7517]
CRS-138



Title XI. Crop Insurance
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
New or Revised Insurance Products


Permanently authorized by the Federal Crop
Retains current program and makes available to crop
SCO provision is similar to the Senate bill. t Coverage is
Insurance Act, the federal crop insurance program
producers an additional policy called Supplemental
triggered only if the area loss exceeds 10% and policy
makes available subsidized crop insurance to
Coverage Option (SCO) to cover part of the deductible
coverage does not exceed the difference between 90%
producers who purchase a policy to protect against
under the producer’s underlying policy. SCO is an area-
and the coverage level selected by the producer for the
individual farm losses in yield, crop revenue, or
wide (e.g., county) yield or revenue loss policy, whereby
underlying policy. Also, acres covered by Revenue Loss
whole farm revenue. In general, policies offer a
an indemnity is paid on area losses not more than the
Coverage (RLC) or STAX (see below) are not eligible for
guarantee at the individual farm level or area-wide
deductible level (e.g., 25%) selected by the producer for
SCO. [Sec. 11003]
(e.g., county) level. The producer selects coverage
the underlying individual policy. On the SCO policy, the
level and absorbs the initial loss through the
farmer incurs a deductible equal to 10% of the producer’s

deductible. The insurance guarantee is based on the expected crop value. If the farmer participates in ARC

expected market price (i.e., no statutory minimum
under Title I, the deductible is 22%. SCO policies are to
prices as in some farm programs).
be made available for all crops if sufficient data are

available. Premium subsidized at 65%. Coverage to begin

no later than the 2014 crop year. [Sec. 11001] A crop
margin coverage option is available as a single policy or in

combination with a yield or revenue loss policy. [Sec.
11002]

Crop insurance policies are available for more than
Beginning with the 2014 crop, the FCIC shal make
STAX provision is same as in Senate bill. [Sec. 11016]
100 crops, including farm program crops such as
available to producers of upland cotton the Stacked
wheat, corn, soybeans, cotton, peanuts, and rice, as
Income Protection Plan (STAX), which is a revenue-

well as many specialty crops, fruit trees, pasture,
based, area-wide policy that may be purchased as a stand-

rangeland, and forage crops. Area-wide policies are
alone policy or purchased in addition to any other
available for some but not al program crops.
individual or area policy. Indemnifies losses in county

Policies are sold and serviced through private
revenue of greater than 10% of expected revenue but not

insurance companies. The insurance companies'
more than the deductible level (e.g., 25%) selected by the
losses are reinsured by USDA, and their
producer for the underlying individual policy (or not
administrative and operating costs are reimbursed
more than 30% if used as stand-alone policy). Premium
by the federal government. Crop insurance is
subsidy is 80%. For individual producers, indemnities for
administered by the U.S. Department of
STAX and other policies cannot overlap. Includes a
Agriculture’s (USDA's) Risk Management Agency
provision that allows use of recent yields in the guarantee.
(RMA), which operates and manages the Federal
A factor of not more than 120% is available to increase
Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC) [7 U.S.C.
protection per acre [Sec. 11013]
1501 et seq.]

CRS-139


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)

Beginning with the 2014 crop, the FCIC shal make
By crop year 2014, FCIC is required to make available a
available a revenue crop insurance program for peanuts
revenue policy for peanut producers [Sec. 11010 and
based on a price equal to the Rotterdam price index for
Sec. 11017] as in Senate bill and a margin coverage policy
peanuts, as adjusted to reflect the farmer stock price of
for rice producers. [Sec. 11010]
peanuts in the United States. [Sec. 11014]

Requires FCIC to improve coverage for organic
By 2015, requires FCIC to offer price elections for al
Extends 2008 farm bill provision to improve organic crop
crops. [U.S.C. 1522(c)(10)]
organic crops that reflect prices of organic (not
insurance. [Sec. 11021]
conventional) crops. FCIC must submit an annual report
to Congress on crop insurance for organic crops. [Sec.
11027]

FCIC shal not conduct any pilot program that
FCIC may conduct a pilot program to provide financial
No comparable provision.
provides insurance protection against a risk if a
assistance for producers of underserved crops and
policy is generally available from private companies.
livestock (including specialty crops) to purchase an index-
[7 U.S.C. 1523(a)]
based weather insurance product from a qualified private
insurance company. The subsidy shall not exceed 60% of
the estimated premium amount. Unlike FCIC policies, the
private insurance companies would maintain exclusive
rights to rate and manage the policies. Provides
mandatory funds of $10 million per year for FY2014
through FY2018. [Sec. 11030]
Policy Fees and Premiums


Catastrophic yield policies (CAT) are available for
To reduce government costs, the CAT premium (fully
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 11004]
yield losses greater than 50%. Premium is fully
paid by government) shal be reduced by the percentage
subsidized, and producer pays an administrative fee
equal to the difference between the average loss ratio
of $300 per crop per county. [7 U.S.C.
(premiums divided by indemnities times 100) for the crop
1508(d)(2)]
and 100%, plus a reasonable reserve. [Sec. 11003]
Administrative fee on CAT policy is waived for
Fee is also waived for beginning farmers or ranchers.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 11015]
limited resources farmers. [7 U.S.C.
[Sec. 11032]
1508(b)(5)(E)]
Premium subsidies for buy-up coverage (above
Beginning farmers or ranchers shal receive premium
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 11015]
CAT) depend on level of coverage. [7 U.S.C.
assistance that is 10 percentage points greater than
1508(e)]
provided to others. Other provisions are also designed to
assist beginning farmers and ranchers. [Sec. 11032]
CRS-140


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
No comparable provision.
Establishes an adjusted gross income (AGI) limit on crop
No comparable provision.
insurance subsidies. Beginning with the 2014 reinsurance
year (2014 crop year), crop insurance premium subsidies
are reduced by 15 percentage points for producers with
average AGI greater than $750,000. Reduction in effect
only after USDA, in consultation with the Government
Accountability Office, determines that the change does
not (1) significantly increase premiums for producers at
lower income levels, (2) reduce crop insurance coverage
availability, or (3) increase total cost of the crop insurance
program. [Sec. 11033]
FCIC may provide a performance-based premium No change from current law.
Repeals provision. [Sec. 11005]
discount for a producer of an agricultural
commodity who has good insurance or production
experience relative to other producers in the same
area. [7 U.S.C. 1508(d)]
Enterprise Units and Coverage


Crops are insured based on geographic units
The subsidy for enterprise and whole farm units is made
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 11006]
defined in the insurance policy. The basic unit
permanent (previously a pilot basis). [Sec. 11004]
covers land in one county with the same

tenant/landlord. An optional unit is a basic unit
Beginning with the 2014 crop year, separate enterprise
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 11007] Also, beginning
divided into smaller units by township section. An
units will be available for irrigated and nonirrigated
with the 2015 crop year, a producer who grows a crop
enterprise unit covers all land of a single crop in a
acreages of crops. [Sec. 11005]
on both dry land and irrigated land may elect a different
county for a producer, regardless of tenant/landlord
coverage level for each production practice. [Sec. 11014]
structure. A whole farm unit covers more than one
crop. For a policy with an enterprise or whole farm
unit paragraph, on a pilot basis, the percentage of
the premium paid by the government shall provide
the same dol ar amount of premium subsidy per
acre as for other units, up to 80%. [7 U.S.C.
1508(e)(5)]

Data Collection for Yield Guarantees; Yield Adjustments

FCIC bases policy guarantees on a producer’s
Specifically directs FCIC to use county data collected by
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 11008]
actual production history (APH) for the crop, or on USDA’s Risk Management Agency and/or National
CRS-141


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
county yields for area-wide policies. The APH is
Agricultural Statistics Service. If such data are not
based on producer yields for the prior 4 to 10
available, it may use other data considered appropriate by
years. [7 U.S.C. 1508(g)(2)]
the Secretary of Agriculture. [Sec. 11006]

If, for one or more of the crop years used to
Beginning with the 2014 crop year, the yield plug is
For all crop years, the yield plug is increased to 70% of
establish the producer’s actual production history
increased to 65% of the applicable transitional yield. [Sec.
the applicable transitional yield. [Sec. 11009]
of an agricultural commodity, the producer's
11007]
recorded or appraised yield of the commodity was
less than 60% of the applicable transitional yield
(based on 10-year historical county average yield),
FCIC shall either exclude any of such recorded or
appraised yield or replace each excluded yield with
a yield equal to 60% of the applicable transitional
yield. Concept is known as a “yield plug.” [7 U.S.C.
1508(g)(4)(B)]

Policy Research Development, Review, and Approval

Under sections 522 and 523 of the Federal Crop
Al ows FCIC to conduct research and development
Same as Senate bill except crop list adds rice, peanuts,
Insurance Act, FCIC may enter into contracts to
activities to maintain or improve existing policies or
and alfalfa and excludes dedicated energy crops. [Sec.
carry out research and development for new crop
develop new policies. Highest research priorities become
11020] Authorizes FCIC to enter into partnerships with
insurance policies (but may not conduct research
policies that increase participation by producers of
public and private entities for the purpose of increasing
itself). FCIC shall establish as one of the highest
underserved agricultural commodities, including sweet
the availability of loss mitigation, financial, and other risk
research priorities the development of a pasture,
sorghum, sorghum for biomass, specialty crops,
management tools or improving analysis tools and
range, and forage program. It shall provide a
sugarcane, and dedicated energy crops. [Sec. 11028]
technology regarding compliance. [Sec. 11022]
payment to an applicant for research and
development costs. FCIC may approve up to 50%
FCIC shall review any policy developed under section

of the projected total research and development
522(c)or any pilot program developed under section 523
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 11010]
costs to be paid in advance to an applicant. [7
and submit the policy or program to the Board if it finds
U.S.C. 1522]
that the policy or program will likely result in a viable and
marketable policy and would provide coverage in a
significantly improved form. [Sec. 11008]



For cost reimbursement, the 50% limitation may be
Up to 75% of the projected cost may be paid in advance.
waived and, upon request of the submitter, an additional
[Sec. 11010]
25% advance payment may be made. [Sec. 11018]
CRS-142


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)

FCIC is required to contract for studies on the feasibility
Similar to the Senate bill; excludes study on insurance for
of insuring (1) specialty crop producers for food safety
seafood harvesters. [Sec. Sec. 11021]
and contamination-related losses [Sec. 11020], (2) swine
producers for a catastrophic disease event [Sec. 11021],
(3) producers of fresh-water catfish against reduction in
the margin between the market value of catfish and
selected production costs (the FCIC Board shall review
this policy and approve it under certain conditions) [Sec.
11022]
, (4) commercial poultry production against
business disruptions caused by integrator bankruptcy and
poultry producers for a catastrophic event [Sec. 11023],
(5) seafood harvesters [Sec. 11023], and producers of
biomass sorghum or sweet sorghum grown as feedstock
for renewable energy [Sec. 11025], (6) alfalfa
producers [11026]
.
Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR) and AGR-Lite
FCIC is to conduct activities or enter into contracts to
Identical to the Senate bill, except maximum liability is
policies insure revenue of the entire farm rather
develop a whole farm risk management insurance plan (with
$1.25 million. [Sec. 11021]
than an individual crop. Both use a producer's five-
liability up to $1.5 million) that pays an indemnity if gross
year historical farm average revenue as reported on farm revenue is below 85% (compared with 80%
the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax return form
currently). Coverage may include value of packing,
(Schedule F or equivalent forms). Coverage levels
packaging or other on-farm activities. FCIC may provide
range from 65% to 80% of historical revenue. [7
diversification-based discounts for producers with
U.S.C. 1523]
diversified operations. FCIC is to submit a report to
Congress on the feasibility of additional coverage,
including an analysis of potential market distortions. [Sec.
11019]

A private sector entity can propose an insurance
For private sector submissions, directs FCIC to establish
No comparable provision.
plan to be added to the FCIC portfolio of products.
priorities for specific types of submissions. [Section
A process must be established to review and
11009] As part of the submission process, the applicant
approve products. [7 U.S.C. 1508(h)]
must consult with producer groups potential y affected.
[Sec. 11010]
FCIC may conduct a pilot program approved by the Eliminates the requirement that FCIC evaluate pilot
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 11023]
Board to evaluate whether a proposal or new risk
programs and submit a report to Congress. [Sec. 11029]
management tool is suitable for the marketplace
and addresses the needs of producers. [7 U.S.C.
1523(a)]

CRS-143


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Crop Production on Native Sod and Conservation Compliance

Subject to a geographic condition below, native sod
Nationwide, for native sod during the first four years of
Same as Senate bill, except provision only applies to the
planted to an insurable crop (over 5 acres) is
planting, crop insurance premium subsidies are 50
Prairie Pothole National Priority Area. [Sec. 11013]
ineligible for crop insurance and the noninsured
percentage points less than under current schedule and
crop disaster assistance program for the first 5
yield guarantees are affected. Also, no benefits are
years of planting. May apply to virgin prairie
available under NAP or general commodity programs.
converted to cropland only in the Prairie Pothole
Requires annual report on the change in cropland areas
National Priority Area, if elected by the state. [7
and the number of acres of native sod converted to
U.S.C. 1508(o)]
cropland in each county and state. [Sec. 11035]

See “Title II: Conservation” for a provision that
No comparable provision.
establishes a prerequisite that a producer must be in
compliance with conservation requirements and wetland
requirements in order to receive crop insurance premium
subsidies. [Sec. 2609]
Standard Reinsurance Agreement and Risk-Sharing

The Standard Reinsurance Agreement (SRA)
Any savings generated from a renegotiated SRA must be
Same as Senate bill [Sec. 11012]. Also directs FCIC to
between FCIC and private companies defines
used for programs administered by the Risk Management
make an additional annual expense reimbursement of $41
expense reimbursements and risk-sharing by the
Agency. [Sec. 11011]
million (for reinsurance years 2011 through 2015) to
government, including the terms under which the
insurance companies selling polices for crops not eligible
government provides subsidies and reinsurance

for benefit under Title I (i.e., specialty crops). [Sec.
(i.e., insurance for insurance companies) on eligible

11011]
crop insurance contracts sold or reinsured by
insurance companies. FCIC may renegotiate the
The U.S. Government Accountability Office is directed to
No comparable provision.
SRA once every 5 years. [7 U.S.C. 1508(k)]
conduct a study regarding fraudulent claims filed, and
benefits provided under the crop insurance program.
[Sec. 11038]

Miscellaneous Crop Insurance Provisions


Under an insurance policy, if an agricultural
FCIC shall establish procedures to al ow insured

commodity does not meet established quality
producers not more than 120 days to settle claims
standards, actual production (used for determining
involving corn that is determined to have low test weight.
the indemnity) is reduced accordingly. [7 U.S.C.
Authority for this provision terminates 5 years after
1508(m)]
implementation of the provision. [Sec. 11012]
Inaccurate information on an insurance application
FCIC shall establish procedures that allow an agent and
Similar provision as in the Senate bill. [Sec. 11018]
can result in noncompliance, which voids the policy
approved insurance provider to correct information
CRS-144


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
and may disqualify the producer for up to 5 years.
regarding producer name and eligibility information that is
[7 U.S.C. 1515(c)]
provided by a producer for the purpose of obtaining
coverage. [Sec. 11015]
USDA, an approved insurance provider and its
No comparable provision.
If authorized by a producer, USDA’s Farm Service Agency
employees and contractors, and any other person
shall provide to an insurance agent or approved insurance
may not disclose to the public information
provider any information or maps that may assist the
furnished by a producer. [7 U.S.C. 1502(c)]
agent or provider insuring the producer. [Sec. 11001]
Adjustments to producer premiums are prohibited
No comparable provision.
To deter potential violators, FCIC is required to publish
as an inducement to purchase crop insurance, with
in detail (but without disclosing identities) any violations
few exceptions. [7 U.S.C. 1508(a)(9)]
of this provision. [Sec. 11002]
All information provided to the public by the
Requires FCIC and RMA to use plain language when
No comparable provision.
agency shal be in plain, understandable language. [5
issuing regulations and guidance related to plans and
U.S.C. 601 note relating to regulatory planning
polices of crop insurance, and to improve its website for
and review]
producers seeking information on crop insurance.
Requires a report to Congress describing the
Department’s efforts. [Sec. 11037]
USDA is to ensure that new hardware and
USDA shall develop and implement an acreage report
Identical to the Senate bill, except notification date is July
software for administering the program are
streamlining initiative project to allow producers to
1, 2015. [Sec. 11019]
compatible with that already used by USDA
report acreage and other information directly to USDA.
agencies in order to maximize data sharing needed
FCIC may use up to $25 million in fiscal 2014 and $10 to
for proper program delivery. [7 U.S.C. 1515(j)]
$15 million per year for FY2015 through FY2018 from
Funding is provided from the insurance fund: $15
the insurance fund. USDA shal notify Congress on the
mil ion for each of FY2008 through FY2010 and not
status of the project no later than July 1, 2013. [Sec.
more than $9 million in FY2011. [7 U.S.C. 1515(k]
11016]
FCIC may use up to $3.5 million of the insurance
Adds authority to use up to $5 million of the insurance
No comparable provision.
fund to pay for costs associated with implementing
fund to pay for costs associated with maintaining program
plans of insurance and for review of policies. [7
integrity and compliance activities. [Sec. 11017]
U.S.C. 1516(b)(2)]
The Agricultural Management Assistance Program
Authorizes $23 million in mandatory CCC funding
Repeals the National Organic Certification Cost-Share
provides financial assistance to producers in 16
annual y (FY2014-FY2018) and combines the two
program. [Sec. 10004] Removes tree plantings and soil
specific states to mitigate risk through financial
programs to include (1) organic certification cost share
erosion control from the list of approved practices.
instruments, diversification, or resource
assistance (50% of funds); (2) activities to support risk
Permanently authorizes $10 million in annual mandatory
conservation practices. Provides $15 million in
management education and outreach under the Federal
funding with 30% to NRCS (conservation), 10% to AMS
annual mandatory funding in FY2008 through
Crop Insurance Act (26% of funds); and (3) agricultural
(organic certification), and 60% RMA (risk management).
CRS-145


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
FY2014, and $10 million each fiscal year thereafter.
management assistance grants to producers in states with
[Sec. 2506 in Title II—Conservation]
Requires 50% for conservation, 40% for risk
low federal crop insurance participation, for various
management, and 10% for organic certification. [7
conservation purposes (24% of funds). Per-person

U.S.C. 1524] Section 10606 of the 2002 farm bill
payments are limited to $50,000 in any one year. [Sec.
established a National Organic Certification Cost-
11034]
Share Program to help producers and handlers of
organic products obtain certification. Provided $22
million in mandatory funding in FY2008 (available
until expended). [7 U.S.C. 6523]
Noninsured Crop Assistance Program for


crops not insurable. The Noninsured Crop
Assistance Program (NAP) has permanent authority See “Title XII: Miscellaneous” for a provision that
See “Title XII: Miscellaneous” for a provision that
under Section 196 of the Federal Agriculture
enhances NAP and provides payments for fruit crop
enhances NAP [Sec. 12307]
Improvement and Reform Act of 1996, and receives losses in 2012. [Sec. 12204]
such sums as necessary in mandatory funding.
Growers of crops not insurable under the crop
insurance program are eligible for NAP. [7 USC
7333]


CRS-146


Title XII. Miscellaneous
Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Socially Disadvantage Producers and Limited-Resource Producers

Outreach and Assistance for Socially
Expands program authority to include farmers and
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 12201]
Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers.
ranchers who are veterans. Provides $10 million per year
Outreach and Assistance for Socially Disadvantaged
in mandatory funding for FY2014-FY2018, and authorizes
Farmers and Ranchers was established by Sec. 2501
$20 million annual y, subject to annual appropriations for
of the 1990 farm bill. The program provides
FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 12001]
education and outreach to minority and limited-
resource farmers and ranchers. The 2008 farm bill
created an Office of Small Farms and Beginning
Farmers and Ranchers to ensure access to all
USDA programs for small, beginning, and socially
disadvantaged farmers and ranchers. Also requires
USDA to document the number, location, and
economic contributions of socially disadvantaged
and limited-resource farmers and ranchers.
Provides the program with $15 million in
mandatory funding for FY2009 and $20 million
annual y for FY2010-FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 2279(a)]
No comparable provision.
Socially Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 12203]
Policy Research Center. Amends Sec. 2501 of the
1990 farm bill (see above) to establish the “Socially
Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers Policy Research
Center” to develop policy recommendations for socially
and disadvantaged farmers and ranchers. The Secretary of
Agriculture shal establish the Center through a
competitive grant to an eligible 1890 Institution (defined
in 7 U.S.C. 7601). [Sec. 12002]
Office of Advocacy and Outreach. The Office
For the Office of Advocacy and Outreach, authorizes
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 12202]
of Advocacy and Outreach as authorized in the
such sums as necessary for FY2009 through FY2013, and
2008 farm bill carries out the Outreach and
$2 million annual y for FY2014-FY2018, subject to annual
Assistance for Socially Disadvantaged Farmers and
appropriations. [Sec. 12003]
Ranchers and Veteran Farmers and Ranchers, and
also oversees the Minority Farmer Advisory
CRS-147


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Committee and carries out the functions of the
Office of Outreach and Diversity previously
handled by the Office of Assistant Secretary for
Civil Rights. Such sums as necessary are authorized
to be appropriated for each year FY2009-FY2012.
[7 U.S.C. 6934(f)(3)]
Livestock

No comparable provision.
Wildlife Reservoir Zoonotic Disease Initiative.
No comparable provision.
Amends Title IV of the Agricultural Research, Extension,
and Education Reform Act of 1998. [7 U.S.C. 7621 et
seq.]
Establishes an initiative through competitive grants
for research and development of surveillance methods,
vaccinations, vaccination delivery systems, or diagnostic
tests. The targeted diseases are brucellosis, bovine
tuberculosis, and other high priority disease initiatives
conducted under Sec. 1672 of the Food, Agriculture,
Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 [7 U.S.C. 5925].
The research may be conducted by federal agencies,
national laboratories, universities, research institutes, and
state agricultural experiment stations. The grants are not
to exceed 10 years and require matching funds of at least
25% of the federal contribution. $7 million per year is
authorized to be appropriated FY2014-FY2018, and at
least 30% of appropriated funds must be spent on bovine
brucel osis and tuberculosis. [Sec. 12101]
Trichinae Certification Program. Sec. 11010 of Amends Sec. 11010 of the 2008 farm bill to establish an
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 12103]
the 2008 farm bill established a voluntary trichinae
alternative trichinae certification process that is based on
certification program. [7 U.S.C. §8304 note] The
surveillance or other methods consistent with
program certifies compliance with best production
international standards for categorizing compartments as
practices and is designed to enhance swine and
having negligible risk for trichinae. Within one year of
pork producers’ ability to export fresh pork and
adopting an alternative certification process, the Secretary
pork products. Authorizes appropriation of $1.5
shall finalize the rule for the process. Reauthorizes
mil ion for Sec. 11010 and funds as necessary to
current level of $1.5 million each year through FY2018,
carry out Sec. 10405 of the Animal Health
subject to annual appropriations. [Sec. 12102]
Protection Act (AHPA) for FY2008 through
FY2013. [7 U.S.C. 8304(d)(1)]
CRS-148


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
National Aquatic Animal Health Plan. Sec.
Extends funding authority for the plan through FY2018.
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 12104]
11013 of the 2008 farm bill authorized USDA,
[Sec. 12103]
under Sec. 10411 of the AHPA, [7 U.S.C. 8310] to
enter into cooperative agreements for the purpose
of detecting, controlling, or eradicating diseases of
aquaculture species and promoting species-specific
best management practices on a cost-share basis.
Secretary may use authorities from AHPA [7
U.S.C. 8301 et seq.]
to carry out the plan.
Authorizes such sums as necessary to be
appropriated in each fiscal year, FY2008-FY2013. [7
U.S.C. 8322]

No comparable provision.
Sheep Production and Marketing Grant Program.
No comparable provision.
Establishes a competitive grant program through USDA’s

Agricultural Marketing Service to improve the sheep
industry, including infrastructure, business, resource
development, or innovative approaches for long-term
needs. $1.5 million in CCC mandatory funds for FY2014
to be used and remain available until expended. [Sec.
12104]

National Sheep Industry Improvement
Amends provisions of the NSIIC. Amends the percentage
No comparable provision.
Center (NSIIC). NSIIC promotes the strategic
of funds from 3% to 10% that may be used for
development of the U.S. sheep and goat industry. It
administration of the NSIIC, and removes the
provides financial assistance for the enhancement
authorization of appropriations. Re-designates the NSIIC
and marketing of sheep and goat products with an
from the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
emphasis on infrastructure development. NSIIC is
[7 U.S.C. 2008(j)] to the Agricultural Marketing Act of
funded through appropriations, as well as receipts
1946 [7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.]. [Sec. 12104]
from products or services, fees and royalties from
licensing, proceeds from sales of assets, loan or
equity interest, and donations. [7 U.S.C. 2008(j)]
National Sheep Industry Improvement
See row above. Removes authorization of appropriations.
Reauthorizes $10 million per year through FY2018,
Center. See description above.
[Sec. 12104]
subject to appropriations. [Sec. 12101]
No comparable provision.
Feral Swine Eradication Pilot Program. Establishes a No comparable provision.
pilot program to study the (1) nature and extent of
damage caused by feral swine; (2) methods to eradicate
CRS-149


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
or control feral swine; and (3) methods to restore
damage caused by feral swine. USDA’s Natural Resources
Conservation Service and Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service are to coordinate on the program. The
program is to be administered on a cost-sharing basis
with the federal share not to exceed 75%. The non-
federal share may be in-kind contribution. $2 million per
year is authorized to be appropriated for FY2014-2018.
[Sec. 12105]
Animal Health Protection Act (AHPA). The
National Animal Health Laboratory Network.
Nearly identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 12106]
AHPA was authorized in the 2002 farm bill (P.L.
Amends the AHPA to establish a national animal health
107-171). It contains provisions to prevent, detect,
laboratory network to enhance the ability to respond to
control, and eradicate diseases and pests to protect bioterrorist threats, and to provide capability for
animal health. [7 U.S.C. 8301 et seq.]
standardized 1) test procedures, reference materials and
equipment, 2) lab biosafety and biosecurity levels, 3)
quality management requirements, 4) interconnected
reporting and transmission, and 5) evaluation of
emergency preparedness. The network is to develop and
enhance national veterinary diagnostic capabilities, with
emphasis on surveillance planning, vulnerability analysis
and technology development and validation. When
practicable, the Secretary shall give priority to facilities of
federal, state, and institutions of higher learning.
Authorizes appropriations of $15 million per year for
FY2014-FY2018. [Sec. 12106]
National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP).
Requires that USDA continue to administer the avian
Requires that USDA continue to administer the
NPIP was established in the early 1930's to provide
influenza (AI) surveillance of commercial poultry through
diagnostic surveillance program for H5/H7 low
a cooperative industry, state, and federal program
the NPIP, and meet any relevant standards established by
pathogenic avian influenza [9 C.F.R. 146.14] without
for developing new diagnostic technology to
the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). [Sec.
amending regulations on the governance of the General
improve poultry and poultry products throughout
12107].
Conference Committee [9 C.F.R. 147.43] as to physical
the country. NPIP is managed through a
location of the Committee and the organizational
memorandum of understanding between USDA’s
structure within USDA. The Secretary is to maintain
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)
funding for NPIP at the FY2013 level. [Sec. 12108]
and official state agencies. APHIS publishes NPIP
regulations in 9 C.F.R. 145, 146, and 147.
CRS-150


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Country-of-Origin Labeling (COOL). The
No comparable provision.
Requires that USDA conduct an economic analysis of
2002 and 2008 farm bills established mandatory
USDA’s March 12, 2013 proposed COOL rule [78 Federal
COOL for fruits and vegetables, red meats,
Register 15645] no later than 180 days after enactment of
chicken, seafood, peanuts, pecans, macadamia nuts,
the farm bill. The analysis shall include, with respect to
and ginseng. In response to Canada’s and Mexico’s
beef, pork, and chicken, the impact on consumers,
World Trade Organization (WTO) challenge of
producers, and packers of the COOL law and the above
COOL, the WTO found that parts of COOL
proposed rule. [Sec. 12105]
violate WTO rules. [7 U.S.C. 1638 et seq.]
Sections 11005 and 11006 of the 2008 farm bill
No comparable provision.
Repeal of Regulations Under the Packers and
(P.L. 110-246) addressed livestock and poultry
Stockyard Act. Repeals the definition of additional
marketing practices by amending the Packers and
capital investment [9 C.F.R. 201.2(n)] that was
Stockyards Act, and requiring USDA to issue
implemented in February 2011, and halts USDA from
regulations implementing the changes. The Grain
finalizing or implementing other provisions from the
Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration
GIPSA rule, or from issuing or adopting similar rules.[Sec.
(GIPSA) issued a proposed rule Implementation of
12102]
Regulations Required Under Title XI of the Food,
Conservation and Energy Act of 2008; Conduct in
Violation of the Act [75 Federal Register 35338] in
June 2010 and finalized parts of the rule [76 Federal
Register 76874] in December 2011. The final
regulations address the applicability to live poultry,
the suspension of the delivery of birds, additional
capital investments, remedying a breach of contract,
and arbitration. [7 U.S.C. 181 et seq.]
Section 11016 of the 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246]
No comparable provision.
Repeal of Catfish Inspection and Grading Program
made catfish an amenable species under the Federal
at USDA. Repeals the provisions of Section 11016 of
Meat Inspection Act [21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.] and
the 2008 farm bill. [Sec.12107]
subject to inspection by USDA instead of FDA, and
amended the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 [7
U.S.C. 1622 et seq.]
to establish a voluntary fee
based grading program for catfish.

No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Report on Bovine Tuberculosis in Texas. Requires
USDA to submit a report to the House and Senate
Agriculture Committees on the incidence of bovine
CRS-151


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
tuberculosis in Texas from January 1, 1997 to December
31, 2013. The report is to be submitted no later than
December 31, 2014. [Sec. 12109]
Other Miscellaneous Provisions


No comparable provision.
Military Veterans Agricultural Liaison. Amends
Similar to Senate bill, except it does not include a section
Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture
on contracts and cooperative agreements. [Sec. 12305]
Reorganization Act of 1994 [7 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.] by
establishing in USDA a position of Military Veterans
Agricultural Liaison to provide information to returning
veterans on beginning farmer training, agricultural
vocational and rehabilitation programs. Liaison would
provide information on availability and eligibility for
participation, serve as a resource, and advocate on behalf
of veterans within USDA. To carry out this provision, the
liaison may enter into contracts or cooperative
agreements with research centers of the Agricultural
Research Service, institutes of higher education, and
nonprofit organizations to conduct research on smal
farms, develop educational materials, and conduct
workshops, training, mentoring activities, and provide
internships. [Sec. 12201]
Information Gathering. USDA may not disclose
Adds language to clarify and strengthen the conditions
Adds a separate, new provision that prohibits data
information about an agricultural operation, farming necessary to release data about farms to state and local
disclosure. Similar to the current law provision, but does
or conservation practice, or land that was provided
government agencies. Such state and other government
not appear to allow data sharing with other agencies to
by the producer or landowner in order to qualify
agencies would need to prove that the data are “required
provide technical assistance, for example. Disclosure is
for a USDA program, nor the geospatial
for implementing” the state program. Moreover, the data
allowed if information is required to be publically available
information maintained by USDA about the
may only be used by the state agency, political subdivision, by Federal law, is disclosed to the Attorney General for
agricultural land or operations mentioned above.
or local agency; and the data would be protected from
compliance and law enforcement, or if the producer has
Exceptions are provided for the limited release of
subsequent disclosure by the state or agency. [Sec.
lawfully disclosed or consents to the disclosure. Requires
data to federal, state, local or tribal agencies
12202]
prompt notification of disclosure to the Agriculture
working in cooperation with USDA when providing
committees. House provisions are in Title I. [Sec. 1613]
technical or financial assistance for the above land
or when responding to pest and disease threats.
However, USDA must determine that the data will
not be subsequently disclosed. The prohibition on
data disclosure does not affect the release of
CRS-152


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
payment information that is otherwise authorized
or data that are released in an aggregate, personally
unidentifiable form. [7 U.S.C. 8791; also known as
Section 1619 of the 2008 farm bill]

Grants to Improve Supply, Stability, Safety,
Extends the grant program with $10 million per year
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 12302]
and Training of Agricultural Labor Force.
authorized to be appropriated for FY2014-FY2018. [Sec.
Provides grants to train farm workers in new
12203]
technologies and workers with specialized skills for
higher value crops. Authorized funds to be
appropriated as necessary for FY2008-FY2012. [7
U.S.C. 2008q-1(d)]

Noninsured Crop Assistance Program. The
Reauthorizes through FY2018, and makes available
Similar to the Senate bill except as indicated below. [Sec.
Noninsured Crop Assistance Program (NAP) has
additional coverage for NAP at 50% to 65% of established
12307]
permanent authority under Section 196 of the
yield and 100% of average market price. Premium for
Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act
additional coverage is 5.25% times the product of the

of 1996, and receives such sums as necessary in
selected coverage level and value of production (acreage

mandatory funding. Growers of crops not insurable
times yield times average market price). The premium for
under the crop insurance program are eligible for
additional coverage is reduced by 50% for limited

NAP. A payment is made to an eligible producer
resource, beginning, and socially disadvantaged farmers.

whose actual production is less than 50% of the
established (historical) yield for the crop. The
For producers with fruit crop losses in 2012, payments
No comparable provision.
payment rate is 55% of the average market price.
associated with additional coverage are made

Producers pay a fee of $250 per crop per county,
retroactively (minus premium fees) in counties declared a
or $750 per producer per county, not to exceed
disaster due to freeze or frost.

$1,875 per producer. [7 USC 7333]
Eliminates NAP for crops/grasses used for grazing (to
No comparable provision.
reduce overlap with livestock disaster programs in Title
I—Commodity Programs), ferns, and tropical fish.

Increases base NAP fee to $260 per crop per county, or
No comparable provision.
$780 per producer per county, not to exceed $1,950 per
producer. [Sec. 12204]

Noninsured Crop Assistance Program. See
Bioenergy Coverage in Noninsured Crop
No comparable provision.
description above.
Assistance Program. Amends the 1996 farm bill (7
U.S.C. 7333) to add crops grown for feedstock for
renewable biofuel, renewable electricity, or biobased
products. [Sec. 12205]
CRS-153


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Regional Economic and Infrastructure
Extends the authorization of appropriations through
No comparable provision.
Development. The 2008 farm bill (Section 14217) FY2018. Al ows the cap on administrative expenses for
established three new regional development
any Commission to exceed 10% should the Commission
authorities: a Northern Border Regional
receive an annual appropriation of less than $10 million.
Commission, a Southeast Crescent Regional
[Sec. 12206]
Commission, and a Southwest Border Regional
Commission. These commissions develop a regional
development plan and then make infrastructure
loans and grants to eligible entities in their
respective regions. [40 U.S.C. 15101 et seq.]
Authorizes annual appropriations of $30 million to
each of the Commissions. Not more than 10% of
appropriated funds to any Commission can be used
for administrative expenses. [40 U.S.C. 15751(b)]
No comparable provision.
Office of Tribal Relations. Amends Title III of the
Identical to the Senate bill. [Sec. 12304]
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7
U.S.C. 3125a note) to establish an Office of Tribal
Relations within the Office of the Secretary of
Agriculture. The Office of Tribal Relations will coordinate
the Department’s activities with Native American tribes.
[Sec. 12207]
No comparable provision.
Acer Access and Development Program.
Nearly identical to the Senate bill, except that the House
Authorizes grants to state and tribal governments to
authorizes appropriations of $20 million each year for the
promote the domestic maple syrup industry. The grants
program through FY2018. [Sec. 12310]
are to promote research and education, resource
sustainability, and marketing, and to encourage owners of
private lands with species of trees in the genus Acer to
initiate or expand maple sugaring activities. The provision
defines maple sugaring as the col ection of sap from any
species of trees in the genus Acer for the purpose of
boiling to produce food. USDA is to promulgate
regulations to carry out the provision; $20 million per
year is authorized to be appropriated for FY2014 and
FY2015. [Sec. 12208]
Animal Fighting Venture Prohibition. The
Amends the Animal Welfare Act to prohibit knowingly
Similar to the Senate bill in that it prohibits knowingly
Animal Welfare Act prohibits and provides
attending an animal fighting venture or causing a minor to
attending or causing a minor to attend an animal fighting
CRS-154


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
penalties for sponsoring or exhibiting an animal in
attend such a venture. Confirms that penalties for
venture, but does not include penalty provisions. [Sec.
an animal fighting venture. [7 U.S.C 2156]
violations are prescribed and enforced under 18 U.S.C.
12313]
Penalties are prescribed and enforced by 18 U.S.C.
49. Sets the penalty for each violation for attending an
49.
animal fighting venture at a fine and/or not more than one
year in prison; penalty for causing a minor to attend set at
a fine and/or not more than three years in prison. [Sec.
12209]

Cotton Trust Fund. Section 407 of the Tax
Pima Cotton Trust Fund. Establishes a trust fund in
No comparable provision.
Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-432;
the Treasury of the United States that consists of
120 Stat. 3060) established a Cotton Trust Fund to
amounts that are authorized to be appropriated as
bolster the competitiveness of U.S.-based cotton
necessary to carry out the section. Authorization of
shirt manufacturers. Tariff revenue from imports of
appropriations is for each year FY2014-FY2019. The
certain products that entered under chapter 52
Secretary may make payments to nationally recognized
(Cotton) of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule funded
associations that promote pima cotton use, yarn spinners
this Trust Fund. Funding was used to provide duty
who produced ring spun cotton from January 1, 1998 to
refunds to domestic manufacturers that continue to December 21, 2003, and manufacturers who cut and sew
make shirts in the United States, cotton growers,
cotton shirts and used imported cotton fabric from
and yarn suppliers. This authority expired
January 1, 1998 through July 1, 2003. Payments to
September 30, 2008.
spinners and manufacturers are based on a production
ratio and must be certified through affidavit. [Sec. 12210]
Wool Apparel Manufacturers Trust Fund.
Agriculture Wool Apparel Manufacturers Trust
No comparable provision.
Section 4002(c) of the Miscellaneous Trade and
Fund. Establishes a complementary trust fund in the
Technical Corrections Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-429;
Treasury of the United States that consists of amounts
118 Stat. 2602-2604) authorized the Wool Apparel
that are authorized to be appropriated as necessary to
Manufacturers Trust Fund. This Trust Fund is
carry out the section. Authorization of appropriations is
funded by the U.S. Treasury from duties imposed
for each year FY2014-FY2019. The Secretary may make
on articles imported under chapter 51 (Wool) of
payments to eligible manufacturers under paragraphs (3)
the Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS). The Trust
and (6) of section 4002(c) of the Wool Suit and Textile
Fund pays out limited refunds to importers of
Trade Extension Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-429), as amended.
worsted wool fabrics, wool yarn, wool fiber and
Payments are to be made to eligible manufacturers for
wool top. Refunds are based on a formula that
2010-2013 no later than 30 days after funds are
calculates each company’s share of the relevant
transferred to the trust fund. For 2014-2019, payments
wool market in 1999, 2000, and 2001. The U.S.
are to be made no later than April 15 of the year of
Customs and Border Protection Agency is
payment, [Sec. 12211]
responsible for distributing the refunds to eligible
wool manufacturers. Separately, this Trust Fund is
used to provide grants, administered by the
CRS-155


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
International Trade Administration, to
manufacturers of worsted wool fabrics (HTS
9902.51.11 and 9902.51.12). Section 325 of the
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (P.L
110-343) extended this Trust Fund through April
15, 2015. [7 U.S.C. 7101 note]
No comparable provision.
Citrus Disease Research and Development Trust
No comparable provision.
Fund. Establishes a trust fund in the Treasury of the
United States that consists of amounts that are
authorized to be appropriated as necessary to carry out
the section. Authorization of appropriations is for each
year FY2014-FY2019. The Secretary may make payments
to entities engaged in 1) scientific research on diseases
and pests, 2) the dissemination and commercialization of
relevant information, techniques, or technology to solve
citrus production disease or pest problems, and 3) the
Citrus Disease Research and Development Trust Fund
Advisory Board, if established. The Citrus Advisory Board
would have five members from Florida, three from
Arizona or California, and one from Texas. The Secretary
may prescribe rules and regulations as necessary, and not
more than 5% of the Citrus Trust Fund may be used for
the operations of the advisory board. The Secretary shall
give strong deference to funding research projects on the
proximity of citrus producers and the effects of such
diseases as huanglongbing (citrus greening). [Sec. 12212]
High Plains Water Study. Section 2901 of the
No comparable provision.
Extends provisions so that participants will not be denied
2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246) requires that
program benefits under the 2013 farm bill. [Sec. 12303]
agricultural producers who participate in a one-
time study of the Ogal ala aquifer recharge potential
in the High Plains of Texas not be denied program
benefits available under the 2008 farm bill. The
studies inform state and local water conservation
investments and policies to help manage the
Ogallala aquifer.
CRS-156


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Prohibition on Keeping GSA Leased Cars
Overnight.
Upon enactment, a federal employee of a
state office of USDA’s Farm Service Agency (FSA) in the
field and non-federal employees of FSA county and area
committees are prohibited from keeping leased vehicles
overnight unless the employee assigned the vehicle is on
overnight, approved travel status with a per diem. [Sec.
12306]

No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Ensuring High Standards for Agency Use of
Scientific Information.
By January 1, 2014 federal
agencies are required to establish guidelines to ensure
and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity
of scientific information used by the agencies. Policy
decisions that are issued without guidelines after January
1, 2014 shal be deemed not in accordance with the law,
with the exception of policy decisions necessary to
protect imminent threat to health or safety. [Sec. 12308]
Prohibition on closure or relocation of
No comparable provision.
Prohibits USDA from closing or relocating a county or
county offices for the Farm Service Agency.
field office of the FSA if the office has a high workload
Section 14212 of the 2008 farm bill sets limits and
compared with other offices in the state. Requires USDA
requires notifications for closing or relocating Farm
to conduct an evaluation of the workload of all FSA
Service Agency (FSA) offices. [7 U.S.C. 6932a]
offices open on January 1, 2012. The evaluations are to be
completed 18 months after enactment. [Sec. 12309]
The Small Business Regulatory Enforcement
No comparable provision.
Regulatory Review by the Secretary of
Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA, 110 Stat. 867)
Agriculture. Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to
requires the Environmental Protection Agency
convene a review panel to analyze guidance, policy,
(EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health
memorandum, regulation, or statement of general
Administration (OSHA) to convene small business
applicability and future effect that is planned or proposed
advocacy review panels when the agencies are
by EPA, which may have a significant impact on a
developing proposed rules.
substantial number of agricultural entities. USDA must
solicit information from the EPA administrator, use the
Office of Chief Economist to produce an economic
impact statement, and identify individuals who are
representative of those who might be impacted. Within
60 days of convening a review panel, the Secretary must
provide EPA comments, and publish comments in the
CRS-157


Senate-Passed 2013 Farm Bill
House Agriculture Committee 2013 Farm Bill
Current Law/Policy
(S. 954, June 10, 2013)
(H.R. 1947, as of June 10, 2013)
Federal Register for public comment. [Sec. 12311]
The Commodity Promotion, Research, and
No comparable provision.
Agricultural Commodity Definition. Adds natural
Information Act of 1996 established the
stone to the definition of agricultural products defined in
‘‘commodity promotion law’’ that provides for the
section 513(1) of the Commodity Promotion, Research,
operation of a promotion program for agricultural
and Information Act of 1996 [7 U.S.C. 7412(1)]. [Sec.
commodities that include promotion, research,
12312]
industry information, or consumer information
activities, and is funded by mandatory assessments
(checkoff) on producers or processors, and is
designed to maintain or expand markets and uses
for the commodity. [7 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Interference in Interstate Commerce. Prohibits any
state or local government from setting standards or
conditions on the production or manufacture of
agricultural products, and then using such standards to
prevent interstate sales of the agricultural products.
Agriculture products are defined in the Agricultural
Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1626) [Sec. 12314]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Increased Protection for Agricultural Interests in
the Missouri River Basin.
In response to 2011 floods,
this provision directs USDA to take steps to increase
flood protection for agricultural producers in the
Missouri River basin, specifically to recalculate the space
within the Missouri River Mainstem Reservoir System
allocated to flood control storage, and to increase the
channel capacity between the reservoirs and below
Gavins Point. [Sec. 12315]
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Increased Protection for Agricultural Interests in
the Black Dirt Region.
Directs the Secretary of
Agriculture to take action to promote immediate
increased flood protection for farmers, producers, and
other agricultural interests around the Wallkill River and
the Black Dirt region. [Sec. 12316]

CRS-158

The 2013 Farm Bill: Comparison of S. 954 and H.R. 1947 with Current Law




Author Contact Information

Ralph M. Chite, Coordinator
Randy Schnepf
Section Research Manager
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
rchite@crs.loc.gov, 7-7296
rschnepf@crs.loc.gov, 7-4277
Dennis A. Shields
Renée Johnson
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
dshields@crs.loc.gov, 7-9051
rjohnson@crs.loc.gov, 7-9588
Megan Stubbs
Joel L. Greene
Specialist in Agricultural Conservation and Natural
Analyst in Agricultural Policy
Resources Policy
jgreene@crs.loc.gov, 7-9877
mstubbs@crs.loc.gov, 7-8707
Charles E. Hanrahan
Remy Jurenas
Senior Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
chanrahan@crs.loc.gov, 7-7235
rjurenas@crs.loc.gov, 7-7281
Randy Alison Aussenberg
John Glover
Analyst in Nutrition Assistance Policy
Visiting Analyst
raussenberg@crs.loc.gov, 7-8641
jglover@crs.loc.gov, 7-9087
Jim Monke
Katie Hoover
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Analyst in Natural Resources Policy
jmonke@crs.loc.gov, 7-9664
khoover@crs.loc.gov, 7-9008
Tadlock Cowan
Claudia Copeland
Analyst in Natural Resources and Rural
Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy
Development
ccopeland@crs.loc.gov, 7-7227
tcowan@crs.loc.gov, 7-7600

Acknowledgments
Special thanks to CRS editor Laura Comay for her technical assistance in publishing this report.
Congressional Research Service
159