America COMPETES Acts: FY2008-FY2013
Funding Tables
Heather B. Gonzalez
Specialist in Science and Technology Policy
April 15, 2013
Congressional Research Service
7-5700
www.crs.gov
R42779
CRS Report for Congress
Pr
epared for Members and Committees of Congress

America COMPETES Acts: FY2008-FY2013 Funding Tables

Summary
Major provisions of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 are set to expire in
2013. As such, the 113th Congress will have the opportunity to reconsider this act and its policy
contributions. Those contributions include, among other things, funding authorizations for certain
federal physical sciences and engineering research programs, as well as selected STEM (i.e.,
science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education programs.
To aid Congress in its deliberations over future funding for these policies, this report tracks
historical federal funding associated with the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010
(P.L. 111-358) and its predecessor, the America COMPETES Act (P.L. 110-69). This report
includes two tables summarizing authorizations and funding status for selected provisions of
these acts over the course of their respective authorization periods. (See Table 1 and Table 2.)
This report has been updated to reflect FY2013 enacted funding levelsâ€”as contained in P.L. 113-
6 (Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013)â€”for specified COMPETES-
related accounts. The FY2013 enacted funding levels contained herein do not account for the
effects of sequestration, or other legal determinations made by OMB that may affect the final
appropriations levels. This report will be updated to reflect actual funding for specified
COMPETES-related accounts when that information becomes available to CRS.

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America COMPETES Acts: FY2008-FY2013 Funding Tables

Contents
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1

Tables
Table 1. America COMPETES Act: Selected Authorizations and Funding Status .......................... 3
Table 2. America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010: Selected Authorizations and
Funding Status .............................................................................................................................. 8

Contacts
Author Contact Information........................................................................................................... 12

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America COMPETES Acts: FY2008-FY2013 Funding Tables

Introduction
Changing economic, social, and political conditionsâ€”at home and abroadâ€”have led some
analysts to question whether the United States will remain globally competitive in the coming
decades. The possibility that the United States has lost or could lose its historical advantages in
scientific and technological advancementâ€”and therefore the prosperity and security attributed to
that advancementâ€”has become a primary rationale for a portfolio of otherwise disparate federal
programs, policies, and activities. Sometimes identified as innovation or competitiveness policy,
these programs, policies, and activities address research and development, education, workforce
development, tax, patent, immigration, economic development, telecommunications, and other
issuesâ€”either alone or in combinationâ€”that policymakers perceive as critical to the U.S.
scientific and technological enterprise.
The 2007 America COMPETES Act (P.L. 110-69) is an example of this type of policymaking.
Designed to â€œinvest in innovation through research and development, and to improve the
competitiveness of the United States,â€ the law authorized $33.6 billion in appropriations between
FY2008 and FY2010 for programs and activities in physical sciences and engineering research
and in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, among other things.
Congress reauthorized certain provisions of P.L. 110-69â€”including funding for physical sciences
and engineering research and STEM educationâ€”when it passed the America COMPETES
Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-358). P.L. 111-358 authorized $45.6 billion in
appropriations between FY2011 and FY2013. Many of these provisions are set to expire in 2013.
Given the pivotal role that funding levels play in both the design and implementation of the
America COMPETES acts,1 policymakers pay close attention to trends in these accounts. This
report, which was written to aid policymakers in tracking these trends, includes two tables (Table
1 and Table 2) summarizing authorization levels and funding for selected America COMPETES
acts accounts across both authorization periods (e.g., FY2008 to FY2010 and FY2011 to
FY2013). The following CRS reports provide additional in-depth analysis of P.L. 110-69, P.L.
111-358, and related policy issues:
â€¢ CRS Report R41819, Reauthorization of the America COMPETES Act: Selected
Policy Provisions, Funding, and Implementation Issues, by Heather B. Gonzalez.
â€¢ CRS Report R42430, America COMPETES 2010 and the FY2013 Budget, by
Heather B. Gonzalez.
â€¢ CRS Report R41951, An Analysis of Efforts to Double Federal Funding for
Physical Sciences and Engineering Research, by John F. Sargent Jr.
â€¢ CRS Report R42642, Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
(STEM) Education: A Primer, by Heather B. Gonzalez and Jeffrey J. Kuenzi.
â€¢ CRS Report R42470, An Analysis of STEM Education Funding at the NSF:
Trends and Policy Discussion, by Heather B. Gonzalez.
This report has been updated to reflect FY2013 enacted funding levels contained in P.L. 113-6
(Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013) and the explanatory statement

1 This report refers to the America COMPETES Act and the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010
(jointly) as the â€œAmerica COMPETES acts.â€
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America COMPETES Acts: FY2008-FY2013 Funding Tables

published in the March 11, 2013, Congressional Record (starting on page S1287).2 FY2013
funding levels have not been adjusted to account for the effects of sequestration or other legal
determinations made by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) that may affect the final
appropriations levels.3
Readers may wish to note that P.L. 113-6 provided both regular and continuing appropriations to
federal agencies.4 This distinction is significant because agencies receiving regular appropriations
may use funds for any new purposes for which those funds have been provided. In contrast, those
agencies receiving continuing appropriations are limited to the purposes for which the funds were
provided for the appropriations being extended by reference, unless otherwise specified.5 Further,
the explanatory statement resolved many of the differences between conflicting provisions in
House and Senate appropriations committee reports for agencies with regular appropriations; but
it was generally silent on differences between provisions for agencies with continuing resolutions.
COMPETES acts agencies receiving regular appropriations in P.L. 113-6 included the National
Science Foundation and the Department of Commerce. Both the Department of Energy and the
Department of Education received continuing appropriations. The explanatory statement did not
resolve differences between House and Senate appropriations committee report recommendations
for the Office of Science.
This report will be updated to reflect actual funding for specified COMPETES-related accounts
when that information becomes available to CRS.

2 Where applicable, FY2013 funding levels in this report account for the 1.877% rescission in P.L. 113-6, Â§ 3001, as
well as the 0.2% rescission in Â§ 3004.
3 For more information about sequestration, see CRS Report R41965, The Budget Control Act of 2011, by Bill Heniff
Jr., Elizabeth Rybicki, and Shannon M. Mahan; and CRS Report R42949, The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012:
Modifications to the Budget Enforcement Procedures in the Budget Control Act, by Bill Heniff Jr.
4 For more information about the types of federal appropriations measures, see CRS Report R42388, The
Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction, by Jessica Tollestrup; and CRS Report R42647, Continuing
Resolutions: Overview of Components and Recent Practices, by Jessica Tollestrup.
5 See P.L. 113-6, Â§1102 and 1104.
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America COMPETES Acts: FY2008-FY2013 Funding Tables

Table 1. America COMPETES Act: Selected Authorizations and Funding Status
FY2008-FY2010, in Millions of Current Dollars
FY2008
FY2008
FY2009
FY2009
FY2010
FY2010
Program/Provision
Authorization
Funding
Authorization
Funding
Authorization
Funding
Department of Education (ED)a
Teachers for a Competitive Tomorrow-Bachelorâ€™s
$151.2
$1.0
$151.2 $1.1
$151.2
$1.1
(Subtitle A, Part I)
Teachers for a Competitive Tomorrow-Masterâ€™s
$125.0
$1.0
$125.0 $1.1
$125.0
$1.1
(Subtitle A, Part I)
Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate
$75.0
n/ab
n/d n/ac
n/d
n/ad
Programs
(Subtitle A, Part II)
Promising Practices in Science, Technology,
$1.2
n/d
$0.0 n/d
$0.0
n/d
Engineering, and Mathematics Teaching
(Subtitle A, Part III)
Math Now for Elementary School and Middle School
$95.0
$0.0
n/d $0.0e
n/d
$0.0f
Students Program
(Subtitle B, Sec. 6201)
Summer Term Education Programs
n/d
n/d
n/d $0.0f
n/d
$0.0f
(Subtitle B, Sec. 6202)
Math Skills for Secondary School Students
$95.0
n/d
$95.0 $0.0f
$95.0
$0.0f
(Subtitle B, Sec. 6203)
Foreign Language Partnership Program
$28.0
n/d
n/d $0.0f
n/d
$0.0f
(Subtitle C)
Alignment of Secondary School Graduation
$120.0
n/dg
n/d n/dh
n/d
n/di
Requirements with the Demands of 21st Century
Postsecondary Endeavors and Support for P-16
Education Data Systems
(Subtitle D)
Mathematics and Science Partnership Bonus Grants
n/d
n/d
n/d $0.0f
n/d
$0.0f
(Subtitle E)
Department of Energy (DOE)j
Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Education at the
n/d
n/d
n/d n/d
n/d
n/d
Department of Energy
(Sec. 5003)
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America COMPETES Acts: FY2008-FY2013 Funding Tables

FY2008
FY2008
FY2009
FY2009
FY2010
FY2010
Program/Provision
Authorization
Funding
Authorization
Funding
Authorization
Funding
Graduate Research Fellowship
$96.6
$87.9 $107.2 $107.0 $119.0 $102.5
Laboratory Science Pilot Program (Sec. 7026)
$5.0
n/d
n/d
n/d
n/d
n/d
Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction
$245.0
$166.9
$262.0 $160.8
$280.0
$165.9
(Sec. 7002)
Agency Operations and Award Management
$285.6
$282.0
$309.8 $294.1
$329.5
$299.9
(Sec. 7002)
Office of the National Science Board
$4.1
$3.8
$4.2 $4.0
$4.3
$4.4
(Sec. 7002)
Office of Inspector General
$12.4
$11.8
$12.8 $12.0
$13.2
$14.0
(Sec. 7002)
Source: FY2008-FY2010 authorizations for America COMPETES Act programs are from P.L. 110-69. Department of Education (ED) FY2008-FY2010 funding levels are
from EDâ€™s FY2009-FY2011 congressional budget justifications. Department of Energy (DOE) FY2008-FY2010 funding levels are from DOEâ€™s FY2009-FY2012 congressional
budget justifications and from correspondence between CRS and DOE. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FY2008-FY2010 funding levels are from
NISTâ€™s FY2008-FY2010 and FY2009-FY2012 appropriations summaries (available at http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/budget/index.cfm). FY2008-FY2010 National Science
Foundation (NSF) funding data is from the foundationâ€™s FY2010-FY2012 congressional budget justifications.
Notes: The term â€œn/dâ€ means â€œnot definedâ€ (e.g., â€œsuch sums as may be necessaryâ€). The term â€œn/aâ€ means â€œnot applicable.â€ Italicized items contribute to account total.
Numbers are rounded. Funding data included in this table are estimated, enacted, actual, or current appropriations as reported by each agency. Funding data may or may
not include rescissions, supplemental funding, or other post-enactment changes to regular appropriations. Funding levels do not include supplemental appropriations from
the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA, P.L. 111-5). Electronic copies of this data available to Members of Congress and their staff upon request.
a. FY2008-FY2010 ED funding levels are estimated appropriations.
b. The Department of Education relies on the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, as Amended by No Child Left Behind (ESEA, P.L. 107-110), for Advanced
Placement (AP) program authority. The AP program authorized by the COMPETES Acts differs from the AP program authorized by ESEA. Funding for EDâ€™s ESEA-
authorized AP program in FY2008 was $31.6 million.
c. The FY2009 estimate for EDâ€™s ESEA-authorized AP program was $28.8 million.
d. The FY2010 estimate for EDâ€™s ESEA-authorized AP program was $27.2 million.
e. EDâ€™s FY2009 congressional budget justification includes a new $95.0 million request for the Math Now for Elementary and Middle School Students (Math Now)
program. However, ED does not appear to have initiated the program. P.L. 111-8 (Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009) which provided regular appropriations to ED in
FY2009, does not include funding for the Math Now program.
f.
The Administration did not seek funding for Math Now, Summer Term Education Programs, Math Skil s for Secondary School Students, Foreign Language Partnership
Program, or Mathematics and Science Partnership Bonus Grants in FY2010. P.L. 111-117 (Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010) which provided regular
appropriations to ED, does not include funding for these programs either. The FY2009 estimate for these programs from EDâ€™s FY2011 congressional budget
justification is zero.
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America COMPETES Acts: FY2008-FY2013 Funding Tables

g. The Institute of Education Sciences (IES) at ED operates a program for Statewide Data Systems under the authority of Section 208 of the Educational Technical
Assistance Act of 2002 (ETAA, P.L. 107-279). In FY2008, EDâ€™s ETAA-authorized statewide data system program received $48.3 million in funding. ED does not appear
to provide defined appropriations for alignment activities.
h. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. 111-5) provided approximately $100.0 billion to ED for various education purposes. Of this
amount, ED provided approximately $245.0 million in ARRA funding to states for statewide data systems that comply with Section 6401 of the America COMPETES
Act. (See http://nces.ed.gov/programs/slds/pdf/2009_ARRA_RFA.pdf.) Section 6401 requires states to include specific data elements (e.g., student demographics, test
records, etc.) in statewide data systems. In addition to ARRA funding for statewide data systems, ED received regular FY2009 appropriations for its ETAA-authorized
Statewide Data Systems program. The FY2009 funding level for the ETAA-authorized program was $65.0 million.
i.
Funding for EDâ€™s ETAA Statewide Data System program in FY2010 was $58.3 million.
j.
DOE FY2008-FY2010 funding data are reported as current appropriations.
k. According to the DOE, this program did not receive appropriations and was not initiated. Sec. 901 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 repealed
this program.
l.
According to the DOE, this program corresponds to the DOE Academies Creating Teacher Scientists (DOE ACTS) program. DOE ACTS received $4.1 million in
FY2009 and $3.8 million in FY2010. The program was eliminated in FY2012 as per the recommendation of a Committee of Visitors, which found a lack of clarity in the
programâ€™s goals and which questioned the programâ€™s educational impact.
m. According to DOE, there is no line item for Early Career Awards. The agency initiated the program in FY2010 with ARRA funds.
n. According to DOE, the department operates several activities that are consistent with this provision. The department does not, however, separate the funding levels
for these activities from the budgets of the larger programs that operate them. DOE states that the Bioenergy Research Centers, Scientific Discovery through
Advanced Computing Institutes, and the Energy Frontier Research Centersâ€”all of which are located in the National Laboratoriesâ€”are consistent with Section 5008 of
the America COMPETES Act.
o. According to DOE, the department manages at least two programs that are consistent with PACE provisions: (1) the Computational Science Graduate Fellowship
(CSGF) in the Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research, and (2) the Graduate Fellowship (SCGF) program in the Office of Science, Workforce
Development for Teachers and Scientists. Funding for the CSGF was $6.0 million per year from FY2008-FY2010. Funding for the SCGF was first provided in FY2010
($5.0 million).
p. According to DOE, funds were neither requested nor appropriated for this provision.
q. FY2008-FY2010 NIST funding data are enacted appropriations.
r. In addition to regular appropriations of $15.0 million, ARPA-E received $388.9 million in ARRA funding in FY2009.
s. FY2008-FY2010 NSF funding data are actual appropriations.
t.
NSF states that it provided ARRA funding to this program in FY2010. The NSF Science Masterâ€™s Program solicitation (NSF 09-607) notes the availability of $14.7
million in program funding.

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America COMPETES Acts: FY2008-FY2013 Funding Tables

Table 2. America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010: Selected Authorizations
and Funding Status
FY2011-FY2013, in Millions of Current Dollars
FY 2013
Enacted
FY2013
FY2011
FY2011
FY 2012
FY 2012
FY2013
(P.L. 113-
Post-
Program/Provision Authorization
Funding
Authorization
Funding
Authorization
6)
Sequestration
Department of Commerce (DOC)
Federal Loan
$20.0 n/d
$20.0 $5.0a $20.0
$4.9

Guarantees for
Innovative
Technologies in
Manufacturing
(New, Sec. 602)
Regional Innovation
$100.0 n/d
$100.0 $0.0a $100.0
n/d

Program
(New, Sec. 603)
Loan Guarantees for
$7.0 n/d $7.0 $5.0a $7.0
$4.9
Science Park
Infrastructure (New,
Sec. 603)
Department of Education (ED)
Teachers for a
$2.0 $0.0b
$2.0 $0.0
$2.0 n/d
Competitive
Tomorrow-
Bachelorâ€™s
(Sec. 1003)
Teachers for a
$2.0 $0.0b
$2.0 $0.0
$2.0 n/d
Competitive
Tomorrow-Masterâ€™s
(Sec. 1003)
Advanced Placement
$75.0 n/dc $75.0 n/dd $75.0 n/d

and International
Baccalaureate
Programs
(Sec. 1003)
Alignment of
$120.0 n/de $120.0
n/de $120.0
n/d

Secondary School
Graduation
Requirements with
the Demands of 21st
Century
Postsecondary
Endeavors and
Support for P-16
Education Data
Systemse
(Sec. 1003)
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FY 2013
Enacted
FY2013
FY2011
FY2011
FY 2012
FY 2012
FY2013
(P.L. 113-
Post-
Program/Provision Authorization
Funding
Authorization
Funding
Authorization
6)
Sequestration
Office of the
$14.7 $14.0
$14.7 $14.2
$15.0 $13.9
Inspector General
(Sec. 503)
STEM-Training Grant
$10.0 n/d
$10.0 n/d
$10.0 n/d
Program
(New, Sec. 556)
Source: FY2011-FY2013 authorizations for America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 programs are
from P.L. 111-358. FY2011-FY2012 funding levels are from FY2013 agency congressional budget justifications
unless otherwise noted. FY2011-FY2013 funding levels for the DOE are from agency budget justifications as wel
as correspondence between CRS and DOE. FY2013 enacted funding levels are from P.L. 113-6 and the
explanatory statement (starting on page S1287) published in the March 11, 2013, Congressional Record.
Notes: The term â€œn/dâ€ means â€œnot definedâ€ (e.g., â€œsuch sums as may be necessaryâ€). The term â€œn/aâ€ means
â€œnot applicable.â€ Italicized items contribute to account total. Numbers are rounded. Funding data included in this
table are estimated, enacted, actual, or current appropriations as reported by each agency. May or may not
include rescissions, supplemental funding, or other post-enactment changes to regular appropriations. Funding
levels in the column titled â€œFY2013 Enactedâ€ include the rescissions contained in P.L. 113-6, Â§ 3001 and Â§ 3004.
FY2013 funding levels for the Department of Commerce (including NIST) and the National Science Foundation
are regular appropriations. FY2013 funding levels for the Department of Energy and the Department of
Education are continuing appropriations. Electronic copies of this data available to Members of Congress and
their staff upon request.
a. As enacted, P.L. 112-55 (Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012) provides up to
$5.0 million each for the loan guarantee programs in Sections 602 and 603 of P.L. 111-358. However, it is
not clear if DOC initiated these programs. The DOC FY2013 congressional budget justification does not
specify funding for either program in FY2012. DOCâ€™s FY2013 request includes $25.0 million for a new
Regional Innovation Strategies Program. The FY2013 request does not include funding for loan guarantees
for manufacturing.
b. P.L. 112-10 (Department of Defense and Ful -Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011) eliminated funding
for the Teachers for a Competitive Tomorrow program in FY2011.
c. The Department of Education relies on the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, as Amended by No
Child Left Behind (ESEA, P.L. 107-110), for Advanced Placement (AP) program authority. The AP program
authorized by the COMPETES Acts differs from the AP program authorized by ESEA. Funding for EDâ€™s
ESEA-authorized AP program in FY2011 was $43.3 million.
d. Funding for EDâ€™s ESEA-authorized AP program in FY2012 was $27.0 million.
e. ED does not specify funding for alignment activities.
f.
According to the DOE, this program corresponds to the DOE Academies Creating Teacher Scientists
(DOE ACTS) program. DOE ACTS received $0.2 million in FY2011.
g. DOE ACTS was eliminated in FY2012 as per the recommendation of a Committee of Visitors, which found
a lack of clarity in the programâ€™s goals and which questioned the programâ€™s educational impact.
h. According to the DOE, each of the six Office of Science research programs provides funding for Early
Career Research awards from its respective core appropriations. The source and amount of funds provided
each year depends on the number of proposals that receive high reviews, research areas covered in those
proposals, and the availability of funds. DOE estimates that it provides approximately $16.0 million per year
in Early Career Research awards.
i.
According to DOE, the department manages at least two programs that are consistent with PACE
provisions: (1) the Computational Science Graduate Fel owship (CSGF) in the Office of Science, Advanced
Scientific Computing Research, and (2) the Graduate Fel owship (SCGF) program in the Office of Science,
Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists. Funding for the CSGF was $6.0 million per year from
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America COMPETES Acts: FY2008-FY2013 Funding Tables

FY2011-FY2012. Funding for the SCGF was $8.0 million in FY2011 and $5.0 million in FY2012. The
Administration is not seeking funding for the SCGF in FY2013.
j.
According to DOE, this program has not received appropriations and was not initiated.
k. FY2011 funding for Scientific and Technical Research and Services (STRS) and Industrial Technology Services
(ITS) has been adjusted to account for the transfer of the Baldrige Performance Excellence Program from
STRS to ITS.

Author Contact Information

Heather B. Gonzalez

Specialist in Science and Technology Policy
hgonzalez@crs.loc.gov, 7-1895

Congressional Research Service
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