This report provides background data on U.S. arms sales agreements with and deliveries to its major purchasers during calendar years 2004-2011, made through the U.S. Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program. In a series of data tables, it lists the total dollar values of U.S. government-to-government arms sales agreements with its top five purchasers, and the total dollar values of U.S. arms deliveries to those purchasers, in five specific regions of the world for three specific periods: 2004-2007, 2008-2011, and 2011 alone. In addition, the report provides data tables listing the total dollar values of U.S. government-to-government arms agreements with and deliveries to its top 10 purchasers worldwide for the periods 2004-2007, 2008-2011, and for 2011 alone.
This report is prepared in conjunction with CRS Report R42678, Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 2004-2011, by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed]. That annual report details both U.S. and foreign arms transfer activities globally and provides analysis of arms trade trends. The intent here is to complement that elaborate worldwide treatment of the international arms trade by focusing exclusively on U.S. arms sales and deliveries, and providing the names of the major U.S. arms customers, by region, together with the total dollar values of their arms purchases or deliveries for the calendar years 2004-2007, 2008-2011, and 2011.
This report provides background data on U.S. arms sales agreements with and deliveries to its major purchasers during calendar years 2004-2011. It provides the total dollar values of U.S. arms agreements with its top five purchasers in five specific regions of the world for the periods 2004-2007, 2008-2011, and for 2011. It also reports the total dollar values of U.S. arms deliveries to its top five purchasers in five specific regions for those same years. In addition, the report provides a listing of the total dollar values of U.S. arms agreements with and deliveries to its top 10 purchasers for the periods 2004-2007, 2008-2011, and for 2011. The data are official, unclassified, United States Defense Department figures compiled by the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA), unless otherwise indicated. The data have been restructured for this report by DSCA from a fiscal year format to a calendar year format. Thus a year in this report covers the period from January 1 to December 31, and not the fiscal year period from October 1 to September 30.1
The following regional tables (Tables 1-5) provide the total dollar values of all U.S. defense articles and defense services sold to the top five purchasers in each region indicated for the calendar year(s) noted. These values represent the total value of all government-to-government agreements actually concluded between the United States and the foreign purchaser under the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program during the calendar year(s) indicated.2 In Table 6, the total dollar values of all U.S. defense articles and defense services sold to the top 10 purchasers worldwide are provided for the calendar year period noted. All totals are expressed as current U.S. dollars.
Table 1. Leading Purchasers of U.S. Defense Articles and Services, Total Values of Africa Agreements Concluded
(in current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest million)
|
Africa Agreements |
Africa Agreements |
Africa Agreements |
|
1 Djibouti $23 million |
1 Nigeria $71 million |
1 Nigeria $47 million |
|
2 Ethiopia $9 million |
2 Kenya $67 million |
2 Kenya $25 million |
|
3 Kenya $8 million |
3 Liberia $22 million |
3 Liberia $12 million |
|
4 Uganda $5 million |
4 Djibouti $12 million |
4 Ghana $3 million |
|
5 Nigeria $5 million |
5 Senegal $5 million |
5 South Africa $3 million |
Table 2. Leading Purchasers of U.S. Defense Articles and Services, Total Values of American Republics Agreements Concluded
(in current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest million)
|
American Republics Agreements |
American Republics Agreements |
American Republics Agreements |
|
1 Canada $1.6 billion |
1 Canada $2.0 billion |
1 Canada $391 million |
|
2 Colombia $774 milliona |
2 Colombia $843 milliona |
2 Colombia $288 milliona |
|
3 Brazil $341 million |
3 Brazil $720 million |
3 Brazil $237 million |
|
4 Chile $61 million |
4 Mexico $433 million |
4 Chile $71 million |
|
5 Argentina $45 million |
5 Chile $286 million |
5 Argentina $26 million |
Table 3. Leading Purchasers of U.S. Defense Articles and Services, Total Values of Asia Agreements Concluded
(in current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest 10 million or 10th of a billion)
|
Asia Agreements |
Asia Agreements |
Asia Agreements |
|
1 Australia $5.7 billion |
1 Australia $7.7 billion |
1 Australia $4.5 billion |
|
2 Japan $3.1 billion |
2 Taiwan $6.5 billion |
2 Taiwan $1.6 billion |
|
3 South Korea $2.3 billion |
3 South Korea $2.9 billion |
3 Japan $730 million |
|
4 Taiwan $1.0 billion |
4 Japan $2.2 billion |
4 Thailand $380 million |
|
5 Singapore $880 million |
5 Singapore $1.2 billion |
5 South Korea $350 million |
Table 4. Leading Purchasers of U.S. Defense Articles and Services, Total Values of Near East Agreements Concluded
(in current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest 10 million or 10th of a billion)
|
Near East Agreements |
Near East Agreements |
Near East Agreements |
|
1 Saudi Arabia $5.0 billion |
1 Saudi Arabia $45.6 billion |
1 Saudi Arabia $33.5 billion |
|
2 Egypt $4.4 billion |
2 U.A.E. $14.3 billion |
2 India $4.3 billion |
|
3 Pakistan $4.1 billion |
3 Egypt $7.4 billion |
3 U.A.E. $4.2 billion |
|
4 Israel $1.8 billion |
4 Israel $5.9 billion |
4 Israel $4.1 billion |
|
5 U.A.E. $1.4 billion |
5 India $5.7 billion |
5 Oman $1.5 billion |
Table 5. Leading Purchasers of U.S. Defense Articles and Services, Total Values of Europe Agreements Concluded
(in current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest 10 million or 10th of a billion)
|
Europe Agreements |
Europe Agreements |
Europe Agreements |
|
1 Turkey $3.7 billion |
1 U.K. $3.7 billion |
1 Turkey $1.2 billion |
|
2 Greece $2.7 billion |
2 Turkey $2.5 billion |
2 Sweden $510 million |
|
3 U.K. $1.5 billion |
3 Germany $1.2 billion |
3 Germany $500 million |
|
4 Netherlands $950 million |
4 France $1.0 billion |
4 U.K. $440 million |
|
5 Spain $930 million |
5 Netherlands $960 million |
5 France $320 million |
Table 6. Leading Purchasers of U.S. Defense Articles and Services, Total Values of Worldwide Agreements Concluded
(in current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest 10 million or 10th of a billion)
|
Worldwide Agreements |
Worldwide Agreements |
Worldwide Agreements |
|
1 Australia $5.7 billion |
1 Saudi Arabia $45.6 billion |
1 Saudi Arabia $33.5 billion |
|
2 Saudi Arabia $5.0 billion |
2 U.A.E. $14.3 billion |
2 Australia $4.5 billion |
|
3 Egypt $4.4 billion |
3 Australia $7.7 billion |
3 India $4.3 billion |
|
4 Pakistan $4.1 billion |
4 Egypt $7.4 billion |
4 U.A.E. $4.2 billion |
|
5 Poland $3.7 billion |
5 Taiwan $6.5 billion |
5 Israel $4.1 billion |
|
6 Japan $3.1 billion |
6 Israel $5.9 billion |
6 Taiwan$1.6 billion |
|
7 Greece $2.7 billion |
7 India $5.7 billion |
7 Oman $1.5 billion |
|
8 South Korea $2.3 billion |
8 U.K. $3.7 billion |
8 Turkey $1.2 billion |
|
9 Israel $1.8 billion |
9 South Korea $2.9 billion |
9 Japan $630 million |
|
10 Canada $1.6 billion |
10 Turkey $2.5 billion |
10 Sweden $510 million |
The following regional tables (Tables 7-11) provide the total dollar values of all U.S. defense articles and defense services delivered to the top five purchasers in each region indicated for the calendar year(s) noted for all deliveries under the U.S. Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program. These values represent the total value of all government-to-government deliveries actually concluded between the United States and the foreign purchaser under the FMS program during the calendar year(s) indicated. Commercial licensed deliveries totals are excluded, due to concerns regarding the accuracy of existing data.
In Table 12, the total dollar values of all U.S. defense articles and defense services actually delivered to the top 10 purchasers worldwide is provided. The delivery totals are for FMS deliveries concluded for the calendar year(s) noted.
Table 7. Leading Purchasers of U.S. Defense Articles and Services, Total Values of Africa Deliveries Concluded
(in current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest million)
|
Africa Deliveries |
Africa Deliveries |
Africa Deliveries |
|
1 Kenya $17 million |
1 Kenya $34 million |
1 Kenya $21 million |
|
2 Nigeria $14 million |
2 Djibouti $21 million |
2 Nigeria $13 million |
|
3 Ethiopia $11 million |
3 Nigeria $20 million |
3 Djibouti $2 million |
|
4 Djibouti $10 million |
4 Ethiopia $5 million |
4 South Africa $2 million |
|
5 South Africa $9 million |
5 South Africa $4 million |
5 Liberia $1 million |
Table 8. Leading Purchasers of U.S. Defense Articles and Services, Total Values of American Republics Deliveries Concluded
(in current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest million)
|
American Republics |
American Republics |
American Republics |
|
1 Canada $754 million |
1 Canada $1.8 billion |
1 Canada $445 million |
|
2 Chile $460 million |
2 Colombia $855 milliona |
2 Colombia $230 milliona |
|
3 Colombia $384 milliona |
3 Brazil $194 million |
3 Brazil $75 million |
|
4 Brazil $127 million |
4 Chile $110 million |
4 Chile $49 million |
|
5 Ecuador $28 million |
5 Mexico $103 million |
5 Mexico $36 million |
Table 9. Leading Purchasers of U.S. Defense Articles and Services, Total Values of Asia Deliveries Concluded
(in current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest 10 million or 10th of a billion)
|
Asia Deliveries |
Asia Deliveries |
Asia Deliveries |
|
1 Taiwan $4.3 billion |
1 Australia $2.9 billion |
1 Australia $810 million |
|
2 South Korea $2.5 billion |
2 Taiwan $2.9 billion |
2 Taiwan $800 million |
|
3 Japan $2.4 billion |
3 Japan $2.5 billion |
3 South Korea $540 million |
|
4 Australia $1.7 billion |
4 South Korea $2.5 billion |
4 Japan $490 million |
|
5 Singapore $970 million |
5 Singapore $900 million |
5 Singapore $300 million |
Table 10. Leading Purchasers of U.S. Defense Articles and Services, Total Values of Near East Deliveries Concluded
(in current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest 10 million or 10th of a billion)
|
Near East |
Near East |
Near East |
|
1 Israel $5.7 billion |
1 Saudi Arabia 5.9 billion |
1 Saudi Arabia $1.8 billion |
|
2 Egypt $5.2 billion |
2 Egypt $3.9 billion |
2 U.A.E. $1.3 billion |
|
3 Saudi Arabia $4.3 billion |
3 Israel $3.8 billion |
3 Egypt $860 million |
|
4 Kuwait $1.5 billion |
4 Iraq $2.6 billion |
4 Israel $840 million |
|
5 Afghanistan $950 million |
5 Pakistan $2.0 billion |
5 Pakistan $830 million |
Table 11. Leading Purchasers of U.S. Defense Articles and Services, Total Values of Europe Deliveries Concluded
(in current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest 10 million or 10th of a billion)
|
Europe Deliveries |
Europe Deliveries |
Europe Deliveries |
|
1 Greece $2.8 billion |
1 Greece $2.1 billion |
1 Turkey $1.2 billion |
|
2 Poland $1.9 billion |
2 Turkey $2.0 billion |
2 U.K. $370 million |
|
3 U.K. $1.6 billion |
3 U.K. $1.7 billion |
3 Germany $270 million |
|
4 Netherlands $1.0 billion |
4 Poland $1.2 billion |
4 France $210 million |
|
5 Turkey $940 million |
5 Netherlands $820 million |
5 Netherlands $190 million |
Table 12. Leading Purchasers of U.S. Defense Articles and Services, Total Values of Worldwide Deliveries Concluded
(in current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest 10 million or 10th of a billion)
|
Worldwide Deliveries |
Worldwide Deliveries |
Worldwide Deliveries |
|
1 Israel $$5.7 billion |
1 Saudi Arabia $5.9 billion |
1 Saudi Arabia $1.8 billion |
|
2 Egypt $5.2 billion |
2 Egypt $3.9 billion |
2 U.A.E. $1.3 billion |
|
3 Saudi Arabia 4.3 billion |
3 Israel $3.8 billion |
3 Turkey $1.2 million |
|
4 Taiwan $4.3 billion |
4 Australia $2.9 billion |
4 Egypt $860 million |
|
5 Greece $2.8 billion |
5 Taiwan $2.9 billion |
5 Israel $840 million |
|
6 South Korea $2.5 billion |
6 Iraq $2.6 billion |
6 Pakistan $830 million |
|
7 Japan $2.4 billion |
7 Japan $2.5 billion |
7 Australia $810 million |
|
8 Poland $1.9 billion |
8 South Korea $2.5 billion |
8 Taiwan $800 million |
|
9 Australia $1.7 billion |
9 Greece $2.1 billion |
9 South Korea $540 million |
|
10 U.K. $1.6 billion |
10 Turkey $2.0 billion |
10 Japan $490 million |
| 1. |
The Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) publishes an annual volume providing these data in a fiscal year format. This publication is titled Foreign Military Sales, Foreign Military Construction Sales, and Military Assistance Facts. It provides detailed U.S. annual transactions with countries and international organizations for the most recent ten fiscal years, as of the date of publication, as well as aggregate data for these transactions since FY1950. See DSCA website for this data under DSCA Facts Book at http://www.dsca.osd.mil/. For detailed worldwide arms transfer data for U.S. and foreign suppliers and recipients, see CRS Report R42678, Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 2004-2011, by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed]. |
| 2. |
Current U.S. law and regulations do not require U.S. companies to provide, routinely and systematically, data on arms sales agreements actually concluded with foreign purchasers resulting from commercial licenses authorized by the U.S. State Department. Thus, the agreement data in the following tables do not include the values of U.S. licensed commercial sales. |