Afghanistan Casualties:
Military Forces and Civilians

Susan G. Chesser
Information Research Specialist
September 6, 2012
Congressional Research Service
7-5700
www.crs.gov
R41084
CRS Report for Congress
Pr
epared for Members and Committees of Congress

Afghanistan Casualties: Military Forces and Civilians

Summary
This report collects statistics from a variety of sources on casualties sustained during Operation
Enduring Freedom (OEF), which began on October 7, 2001, and is ongoing. OEF actions take
place primarily in Afghanistan; however, OEF casualties also include American casualties in
Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Guantanamo Bay (Cuba), Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Jordan, Kenya,
Kyrgyzstan, the Philippines, Seychelles, Sudan, Tajikistan, Turkey, and Yemen.
Casualty data of U.S. military forces are compiled by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), as
tallied from the agency’s press releases. Also included are statistics on those wounded but not
killed. Statistics may be revised as circumstances are investigated and as records are processed
through the U.S. military’s casualty system. More frequent updates are available at DOD’s
website at http://www.defenselink.mil/news/ under “Casualty Update.”
A detailed casualty summary of U.S. military forces that includes data on deaths by cause, as well
as statistics on soldiers wounded in action, is available at the following DOD website:
http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/CASUALTY/castop.htm.
NATO’s International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) does not post casualty statistics of the
military forces of partner countries on the ISAF website at http://www.isaf.nato.int/. ISAF press
releases state that it is ISAF policy to defer to the relevant national authorities to provide notice of
any fatality. For this reason, this report uses fatality data of coalition forces as compiled by
CNN.com and posted online at http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2004/oef.casualties/index.html.
Reporting on casualties of Afghans did not begin until 2007, and a variety of entities now report
the casualties of civilians and security forces members. The United Nations Assistance Mission to
Afghanistan (UNAMA) reports casualty data of Afghan civilians semiannually, and the U.S.
Department of Defense occasionally includes civilian casualty figures within its reports on
Afghanistan. The Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, http://www.aihrc.org/
2010_eng/, and the Afghan Rights Monitor, http://www.arm.org.af/, are local watchdog
organizations that periodically publish reports regarding civilian casualties. From July 2009
through April 2010, the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR)
included statistics of casualties of members of the Afghan National Army and Afghan National
Police in its quarterly reports to Congress. SIGAR has ceased this practice, and there is no other
published compilation of these statistics. This report now derives casualty figures of Afghan
soldiers and police from the press accounts of the Reuters “Factbox: Security Developments in
Afghanistan” series, the Pajhwok Afghan News agency, the Afghan Islamic Press news agency,
Daily Outlook Afghanistan from Kabul, and the AfPak Channel Daily Brief. These services
attribute their reported information to officials of the NATO-led ISAF or local Afghan officials.
The Afghan news agencies frequently include statements from representatives of the Taliban;
however, any figures such spokesmen provide are not included in this report.
Because the estimates of Afghan casualties contained in this report are based on varying time
periods and have been created using different methodologies, readers should exercise caution
when using them and should look to them as guideposts rather than as statements of fact.
This report will be updated as needed.

Congressional Research Service

Afghanistan Casualties: Military Forces and Civilians

he following tables present data on U.S. military casualties in Operation Enduring
Freedom, deaths of coalition partners in Afghanistan, and Afghan casualties, respectively.
T Table 1. Operation Enduring Freedom, U.S. Fatalities and Wounded
(as of September 5, 2012, 10 a.m. EDT from October 7, 2001)
Fatalities in and
Fatalities in
Around
Other
Total

Afghanistana
Locationsb
Fatalitiesc
Wounded in Action
Hostiled 1,653 12
1,665


Nonhostilee 335 106 441


Total 1,988
118
2,106
Total
17,519
Source: U.S. Department of Defense, http://www.defense.gov/news/casualty.pdf.
a. “Fatalities in and around Afghanistan” includes casualties that occurred in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and
Uzbekistan.
b. “Other locations” includes casualties that occurred in Guantanamo Bay (Cuba), Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Jordan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, the Philippines, Seychelles, Sudan, Tajikistan, Turkey, and Yemen.
c. Fatalities include three Department of Defense civilian personnel.
d. According to the Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, as amended through 31
August 2005, a “hostile casualty” is a victim of a terrorist activity or a casualty as the result of combat or
attack by any force against U.S. forces, available at http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/.
e. The above-named reference defines a “nonhostile casualty” as a casualty that is not directly attributable to
hostile action or terrorist activity, such as casualties due to the elements, self-inflicted wounds, or combat
fatigue.
Table 2. American Casualties by Year Through September 5, 2012
Year
Total Deaths
Total Wounded in Action
2001 11 33
2002 49 74
2003 45 99
2004 52 218
2005 98 268
2006 98 401
2007 117 750
2008 155 795
2009 311 2,145
2010
499
5,246
2011 414 5,195
2012 through September 5
257
2,295
Source: U.S. Department of Defense, Statistical Information Analysis Division, https://www.dmdc.osd.mil/dcas/
pages/report_oef_month.xhtml.
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Afghanistan Casualties: Military Forces and Civilians

Figure 1. American Casualties by Year Through September 5, 2012
7000
d
6000
ounde 5000
d/W
ille
4000
l K 3000
onne 2000
rs
. Pe 1000
S
U.

0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total Deaths
Total Wounded in Action
Source: Created by CRS based on data from U.S. Department of Defense, Statistical Information Analysis
Division, https://www.dmdc.osd.mil/dcas/pages/report_oef_month.xhtml.
Table 3. Deaths of Coalition Partners in Afghanistan
# of
Total #
# of
Total #
# of
Total #
Deaths
of
Deaths
of
Deaths
of
Countrya
2012
Deaths Country 2012
Deaths Country 2012
Deaths
Albania 1 1
Germany 52
Poland 36
Australia 6 38
Hungary

6
Portugal
2
Belgium 1
Italy
5 49
Romania 19
Canada 158
Jordan
1
South 1
Korea
Denmark 42
Latvia

4
Spain
1 35
Estonia 9
Lithuania 1
Sweden 4
Finland 2
Netherlands
25
Turkey
12 14
France 10 88
New
6 10
United 31 425
Zealand
Kingdom
Georgia 3 12
Norway 10



Total Non-U.S. Fatalities of the International Security

74 1,045
Assistance Force
Source: CNN Casualties in Afghanistan, http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/war.casualties/table.afghanistan.html;
Canada’s Department of National Defence, http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/fallen-disparus/index-
eng.asp; United Kingdom Ministry of Defense, http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/FactSheets/
OperationsFactsheets/OperationsInAfghanistanBritishFatalities.htm; Australia’s Department of Defence,
http://www.defence.gov.au/op/afghanistan/info/personnel.htm; Ministero della Difesa, http://www.difesa.it/
OperazioniMilitari/op_intern_corso/ISAF/Pagine/IncidentieCaduti.aspx; “Factbox: Military Deaths in Afghanistan,”
Reuters News, August 12, 2012.
a. Countries listed indicate the nationality of the military forces, not of the individuals. For example, Fijians
who were killed while fighting in French forces are counted as French. Similarly, citizens of other nations
who fight in American military forces are counted as Americans.
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Afghanistan Casualties: Military Forces and Civilians

Table 4. Afghan Casualties
Group Period
Number
of
Casualties
Note
Afghan Civilians
January-June 2012a 1,145
killed
Civilian casualties dropped
15% in 2012 through the end
1,954 wounded
of June compared with the
same period of 2011.
International and Pro-
Government Forces were
responsible for about 10% of
the casualties. Improvised
explosive devices (IEDs)
caused 33% of civilian deaths
and injuries in 2012. Targeted
killings of pro-government
officials by Anti-Government
Elementsb (AGEs) increased
53% compared with the first
six months of 2011.
Up to 11,864 civilians
2011c 3,021
killed
AGEs killed 2,332 civilians,
were killed in
77% of all conflict-related
Afghanistan from 2007,
4,507 injured
civilian deaths. Pro-
when the United Nations
Includes 495 targeted
government forces were
began reporting
killings of local, provincial,
responsible for 410 civilian
statistics, to the end of
and district government
deaths. It is unclear who
2011.
officials and workers.
caused the remaining 279
deaths.
2010d 2,777
killed
AGEs were reported
responsible for 75% of the
4,343 injured
civilian deaths and 78% of
civilian injuries.
2009e 2,412
killed
67% of civilian deaths were
attributed to actions of AGEs
3,566 injured
(78% of these deaths were
caused by improvised
explosive devices and suicide
attacks).
25% of civilian deaths were
attributed to pro-government
forces.
8% of civilian deaths were the
result of cross-fire or
improperly detonated
ordnance.
2008f 2,118
killed

2007f
1,523 killed

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Afghanistan Casualties: Military Forces and Civilians

Group Period
Number
of
Casualties
Note
Afghan National
January-June 2012a 173
killed
The Afghan Ministry of
Army and National
Defence announced the start
Directorate of
327 wounded
of an 18-month offensive,
Security Operatives
“Naveed,” to be led by the
Afghan National Army.
Objectives include purging
areas of armed opponents,
protecting highways, closing
borders, and stopping armed
opponents from entering and
exiting the country.

2011a 511
killed
256 wounded

2010 821
killedg
Information released by
General Zahir Azimi,
775 woundedh
spokesman for the Afghan
Defence Ministry.

2009i 292
killed
859 wounded

2008j 259
killed
875 wounded

2007j 278
killed
750 wounded
Afghan National,
January-June 2012a 349
killed
On June 30, 2012, dozens of
Local, and Border
Taliban fighters reportedly
Police
418 wounded
crossed the border from
Pakistan and stormed a vil age
in Nuristan province. Four
suicide bombers targeted the
house of the local police
chief. Six policemen and up to
eight civilians died in the 12-
hour long battle. It was
reported that up to 20
Taliban also died.

2011a 569
killed
552 wounded

2010k 1,292
killed

743 wounded

2009l 639
killed
1,145 wounded

2008m 724
killed
1,209 wounded

2007m 688
killed
1,036 wounded
Source: Compiled by the Congressional Research Service from noted sources.
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Afghanistan Casualties: Military Forces and Civilians

a. United Nations Assistance Mission to Afghanistan, UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights,
Afghanistan Mid-Year Report 2012: Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, July 2012, p. 1,
http://unama.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=-_vDVBQY1OA%3d&tabid=12254&language=en-US;
press reports from Reuters, the Pajhwok Afghan News agency, Daily Outlook Afghanistan, the Afghan Islamic
Press, and the AfPak Channel Daily Brief.
b. In its Mid-Year Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, the United Nations Assistance Mission to
Afghanistan (UNAMA) defines Pro-Government Forces as the Afghan forces that participate in military or
paramilitary counter-insurgency operations and are in direct or indirect control of the Government of
Afghanistan. These forces include local defense forces, local police, the Afghan National Army, Afghan
National Police, National Directorate of Security, and the Afghan Border Police. UNAMA identifies the
Anti-Government Elements (AGEs) as non-state groups or individuals currently using arms to oppose the
Government of Afghanistan or international military forces. These groups include those identified as the
“Taliban” as well as additional groups, such as the Haqqani Network, Hezb-e-Islami, Lashkari Tayyiba, and
others.
c. United Nations Assistance Mission to Afghanistan, Afghanistan: Annual Report 2011, Protection of Civilians in
Armed Conflict, February 2012, p. 1-2, 4, http://unama.unmissions.org/Portals/UNAMA/Documents/
UNAMA%20POC%202011%20Report_Final_Feb%202012.pdf.
d. United Nations Assistance Mission to Afghanistan, Human Rights Unit, Afghanistan: Annual Report on
Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2010, March 2011, p. i-1, http://unama.unmissions.org/Portals/
UNAMA/human%20rights/March%20PoC%20Annual%20Report%20Final.pdf.
e. United Nations Assistance Mission to Afghanistan, Human Rights Unit, Afghanistan: Annual Report on
Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2009, January 2010, p. I, http://unama.unmissions.org/Portals/UNAMA/
human%20rights/Protection%20of%20Civilian%202009%20report%20English.pdf.
f.
United Nations Assistance Mission to Afghanistan, Human Rights Unit, Afghanistan: Annual Report on
Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2008
, January 2009, p. 12, http://unama.unmissions.org/Portals/
UNAMA/human%20rights/UNAMA_09february-Annual%20Report_PoC%202008_FINAL_11Feb09.pdf.
g. “Bomb Kills Five U.S. Troops in Southern Afghanistan,” Reuters News, August 11, 2011.
h. Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, Quarterly Report to the United States Congress, April
30, 2010, p. 58, http://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/Apr2010/SIGARapril_Lores.pdf; response via
email from the staff of the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, August 9, 2010; and
press reports from Reuters and the Pajhwok Afghan News agency.
i.
Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, Quarterly Report to the United States Congress, July
30, 2009, p. 55. http://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/Jul09/pdf/Report_-_July_2009.pdf; Quarterly Report
to the United States Congress
, October 30, 2009, p. 62, http://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/Oct09/pdf/
SIGAROct2009Web.pdf; and Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, Quarterly Report to
the United States Congress
, January 30, 2010, p. 64, http://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/jan2010/pdf/
SIGAR_Jan2010.pdf.
j.
Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, Quarterly Report to the United States Congress, July
30, 2009, p. 55, http://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/Jul09/pdf/Report_-_July_2009.pdf.
k. Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, Quarterly Report to the United States Congress, July
30, 2009, p. 60, http://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/Jul09/pdf/Report_-_July_2009.pdf; Quarterly Report
to the United States Congress
, October 30, 2009, p. 66, http://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/Oct09/pdf/
SIGAROct2009Web.pdf; and Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, Quarterly Report to
the United States Congress
, January 30, 2010, p. 69, http://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/jan2010/pdf/
SIGAR_Jan2010.pdf.
l.
Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, Quarterly Report to the United States Congress, July
30, 2009, p. 60, http://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/Jul09/pdf/Report_-_July_2009.pdf; Quarterly Report
to the United States Congress
, October 30, 2009, p. 66, http://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/Oct09/pdf/
SIGAROct2009Web.pdf; and Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, Quarterly Report to
the United States Congress
, January 30, 2010, p. 69, http://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/jan2010/pdf/
SIGAR_Jan2010.pdf.
m. Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, Quarterly Report to the United States Congress, July
30, 2009, p. 60, http://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/Jul09/pdf/Report_-_July_2009.pdf.
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Afghanistan Casualties: Military Forces and Civilians


Author Contact Information

Susan G. Chesser

Information Research Specialist
schesser@crs.loc.gov, 7-9547


Congressional Research Service
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