.

Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related
Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Nathan James, Coordinator
Analyst in Crime Policy
Jennifer D. Williams, Coordinator
Specialist in American National Government
John F. Sargent Jr., Coordinator
Specialist in Science and Technology Policy
May 7, 2012
Congressional Research Service
7-5700
www.crs.gov
R42440
CRS Report for Congress
Pr
epared for Members and Committees of Congress
c11173008


.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Summary
On February 13, 2012, President Obama submitted his FY2013 budget to Congress. The
Administration requests a total of $62.076 billion for the agencies and bureaus funded as a part of
the annual Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) appropriations bill. The
Administration’s request includes $7.978 billion for the Department of Commerce, $28.079
billion for the Department of Justice, $25.090 billion for the science agencies, and $929.2 million
for the related agencies. The FY2013 request for CJS is 1.9% greater than the FY2012
appropriation of $60.910 billion.
On April 19, 2012, the Senate Committee on Appropriations reported the Commerce, Justice,
Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2013 (S. 2323). The bill includes a total of
$61.762 billion for the agencies and bureaus that would be funded by the bill. The Senate
Committee-reported amount is 1.4% greater than the FY2012 appropriation of $60.910 billion,
but it is 0.1% below the Administration’s request. The bill includes $6.288 billion for the
Department of Commerce, $27.866 billion for the Department of Justice, $26.679 billion for the
science agencies, and $929.2 million for the related agencies.
On April 26, 2012, the House Committee on Appropriations reported the Commerce, Justice,
Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2013 (H.R. 5326). The bill would provide
$60.881 billion for CJS. The House Committee-reported amount is under 0.1% less than the
FY2012 appropriation, 1.5% less than the Administration’s request, and 1.4% below the Senate
Committee on Appropriation’s mark. The bill includes $7.703 billion for the Department of
Commerce, $27.419 billion for the Department of Justice, $24.912 billion for the science
agencies, and $846.2 million for the related agencies.
This report will track and describe actions taken by the Administration and Congress to provide
FY2013 appropriations for CJS accounts. It also provides an overview of FY2012 appropriations
for agencies and bureaus funded as a part of the annual appropriation for CJS.
The source for the FY2012-enacted amounts is the conference report for the Consolidated and
Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012 (P.L. 112-55, H.Rept. 112-284). FY2013-requested
amounts were taken from S.Rept. 112-158 and the appendix to the Budget of the United States
Government, Fiscal Year 2013
. The Senate Committee-reported amounts were taken from S.Rept.
112-158 and the House Committee-reported amounts were taken from H.Rept. 112-463.
Congressional Research Service

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Contents
FY2013 Appropriations ................................................................................................................... 1
Survey of Selected Issues ................................................................................................................ 3
Department of Commerce ......................................................................................................... 3
Department of Justice (DOJ) ..................................................................................................... 3
Science Agencies ....................................................................................................................... 4
Related Agencies ....................................................................................................................... 4
Department of Commerce................................................................................................................ 5
FY2012 and FY2013 Appropriations ........................................................................................ 6
International Trade Administration (ITA).................................................................................. 8
Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) ...................................................................................... 8
Economic Development Administration (EDA)........................................................................ 9
Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) ................................................................ 12
Economic and Statistics Administration (ESA)....................................................................... 12
Census Bureau......................................................................................................................... 13
National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) ................................ 15
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)........................................................................... 15
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) ......................................................... 16
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ................................................. 17
Department of Justice (DOJ) ......................................................................................................... 19
FY2012 and FY2013 Appropriations ...................................................................................... 20
General Administration ........................................................................................................... 22
General Administration ..................................................................................................... 23
Administrative Review and Appeals (ARA) ..................................................................... 23
Office of the Federal Detention Trustee (OFDT) .............................................................. 23
Office of the Inspector General (OIG) .............................................................................. 24
U.S. Parole Commission.......................................................................................................... 24
Legal Activities........................................................................................................................ 24
General Legal Activities.................................................................................................... 24
Office of the U.S. Attorneys.............................................................................................. 25
Other Legal Activities ....................................................................................................... 25
U.S. Marshals Service (USMS)............................................................................................... 26
National Security Division (NSD)........................................................................................... 28
Interagency Law Enforcement................................................................................................. 28
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)..................................................................................... 28
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) .............................................................................. 32
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) ............................................... 33
Federal Prison System (Bureau of Prisons, BOP) ................................................................... 35
Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) ........................................................................... 37
Office of Justice Programs (OJP) ............................................................................................ 38
Research, Evaluation, and Statistics.................................................................................. 39
State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance................................................................... 40
Juvenile Justice Programs ................................................................................................. 42
Public Safety Officers Benefits Program (PSOB)............................................................. 43
Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)..................................................................... 44
The Crime Victims Fund ......................................................................................................... 45
Science Agencies ........................................................................................................................... 46
Congressional Research Service

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

FY2012 and FY2013 Appropriations ...................................................................................... 47
Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) .................................................................. 47
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)....................................................... 49
National Science Foundation (NSF)........................................................................................ 52
Related Agencies ........................................................................................................................... 57
Commission on Civil Rights ................................................................................................... 57
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) .......................................................... 58
U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) ........................................................................... 59
Legal Services Corporation (LSC) .......................................................................................... 59
Marine Mammal Commission (MMC).................................................................................... 60
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) .................................................................... 61
State Justice Institute (SJI) ...................................................................................................... 61

Tables
Table 1. CJS Appropriations, FY2012-Enacted, FY2013 Request, and Senate and House
Committee-Reported .................................................................................................................... 2
Table 2. Funding for the Department of Commerce ........................................................................ 7
Table 3. Funding for EDA Programs and Salaries and Expenses .................................................. 11
Table 4. Funding for the Department of Justice............................................................................. 21
Table 5. Funding for OVW Programs............................................................................................ 37
Table 6. Funding for Research, Evaluation, and Statistics............................................................. 40
Table 7. Funding for State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Programs ............................. 41
Table 8. Funding for Juvenile Justice Programs ............................................................................ 43
Table 9. Funding for Community Oriented Policing Services Programs ...................................... 44
Table 10. Funding for Science Agencies........................................................................................ 47
Table 11. Funding for NASA......................................................................................................... 51
Table 12. NSF Funding by Major Account.................................................................................... 56
Table 13. Funding for Related Agencies........................................................................................ 57
Table 14. Funding for CJS Agencies, by Account, FY2009-FY2013............................................ 62

Contacts
Author Contact Information........................................................................................................... 65
Key Policy Staff............................................................................................................................. 66

Congressional Research Service

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

FY2013 Appropriations
This report will track and provide an overview of actions taken by the Administration and
Congress to provide FY2013 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related
Agencies (CJS) accounts. It also provides an overview of enacted FY2012 appropriations for
agencies and bureaus funded as a part of the annual appropriation for CJS. The source for the
FY2012-enacted amounts is the conference report for the Consolidated and Further Continuing
Appropriations Act, 2012 (P.L. 112-55, H.Rept. 112-284). FY2013-requested amounts were taken
from S.Rept. 112-158 and the appendix to the Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal
Year 2013
. The Senate Committee-reported amounts were taken from S.Rept. 112-158 and the
House Committee-reported amounts were taken from H.Rept. 112-463.
The Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2012 (P.L. 112-55)
included a total of $60.910 billion for the bureaus and agencies funded as a part of the act. The
act included $7.808 billion for the Department of Commerce, $27.408 billion for the Department
of Justice, $24.838 billion for the science agencies, and $856.6 million for the related agencies.
For FY2013, the Administration requests a total of $62.076 billion for the agencies and bureaus
funded as a part of the annual Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies appropriations
bill. The Administration’s request includes $7.978 billion for the Department of Commerce,
$28.079 billion for the Department of Justice, $25.090 billion for the science agencies, and
$929.2 million for the related agencies. The FY2013 request for CJS is 1.9% greater than the
FY2012 appropriation of $60.910 billion.
On April 19, 2012, the Senate Committee on Appropriations reported the Commerce, Justice,
Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2013 (S. 2323). The bill includes a total of
$61.762 billion for the agencies and bureaus that would be funded by the bill. The Senate
Committee-reported amount is 1.4% greater than the FY2012 appropriation of $60.910 billion,
but it is 0.1% below the Administration’s request. The bill includes $6.288 billion for the
Department of Commerce, $27.866 billion for the Department of Justice, $26.679 billion for the
science agencies, and $929.2 million for the related agencies.
On April 26, 2012, the House Committee on Appropriations reported the Commerce, Justice,
Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2013 (H.R. 5326). The bill would provide
$60.881 billion for CJS. The House Committee-reported amount is under 0.1% less than the
FY2012 appropriation, 1.5% less than the Administration’s request, and 1.4% below the Senate
Committee on Appropriation’s mark. The bill includes $7.703 billion for the Department of
Commerce, $27.419 billion for the Department of Justice, $24.912 billion for the science
agencies, and $846.2 million for the related agencies.
The amounts in this report reflect only new budget authority. Therefore, the amounts do not
include any rescissions of unobligated or de-obligated balances that may be counted as offsets to
newly enacted budget authority, nor do they include any scorekeeping credits, such as the balance
on the Crime Victims Fund.
Table 1 shows the FY2012-enacted appropriations and the Administration’s FY2013 request for
the Department of Commerce, the Department of Justice, the science agencies, and the related
agencies. Table 14 shows enacted appropriations for these agencies, in detail, for FY2009
through FY2012.
Congressional Research Service
1

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

A Note on the Budget Control Act of 20111
FY2013 discretionary appropriations will be considered in the context of the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA, P.L.
112-25), which established discretionary spending limits for FY2012-FY2021. The BCA also tasked a Joint Select
Committee on Deficit Reduction to develop a federal deficit reduction plan for Congress and the President to enact
by January 15, 2012. The failure of Congress and the President to enact deficit reduction legislation by that date
triggered an automatic spending reduction process established by the BCA, consisting of a combination of
sequestration and lower discretionary spending caps, to begin on January 2, 2013.The sequestration process for
FY2013 requires across-the-board spending cuts at the account and program level to achieve equal budget reductions
from both defense and nondefense funding at a percentage to be announced by the Office of Management and Budget.
As a result, the FY2013 CJS appropriation will be considered by Congress with the understanding that enacted
funding levels will likely be subject to significant cuts in the nondefense category under the sequestration process
unless legislation specifically repealing the sequestration provisions of the BCA is enacted by Congress before
next January.
This report does not reflect the scorekeeping adjustments that may bring the total budget authority provided in the
appropriations proposals in line with the BCA caps and the 302(a) and 302(b) al ocations.

Table 1. CJS Appropriations, FY2012-Enacted, FY2013 Request, and
Senate and House Committee-Reported
(budget authority in millions of dollars)
Senate
House
Departments and
FY2012
FY2013
Committee-
Committee-
FY2013
Related Agencies
Enacted
Request
Reported
Reported
Enacted
Department of Commerce
$7,807.7 $7,983.7 $6,287.9 $7,703.3

Department of Justice
27,407.7
27.828.3
27,866.1
27,419.0

Science
Agencies
24,837.6 25,090.4 26,678.6 24,912.2

Related
Agencies
856.6 929.2 929.2 846.2

Total
60,909.6a 61,831.5b 61,761.7b 60,880.7c

Source: FY2012-enacted amounts were taken from the conference report for the Consolidated and Further
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012 (P.L. 112-55, H.Rept. 112-284). FY2013-requested and Senate Committee-
reported amounts were taken from S.Rept. 112-158. House Committee-reported amounts were taken from
H.Rept. 112-463.
Notes: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding.
a. This amount does not include $905.9 million in rescissions of unobligated balances.
b. This amount does not include a proposed rescission of $1.043 billion in unobligated balances.
c. This amount does not include a proposed rescission of $833.9 mil ion in unobligated balances.

1 For more information on the Budget Control Act (P.L. 112-25), see CRS Report R41965, The Budget Control Act of
2011
, by Bill Heniff Jr., Elizabeth Rybicki, and Shannon M. Mahan.
Congressional Research Service
2

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Survey of Selected Issues
Department of Commerce
Some issues Congress might consider while debating FY2013 funding for the Department of
Commerce include the following:
• whether to accept the Administration’s proposed $24.0 million increase for the
International Trade Administration (ITA) to form a new Interagency Trade
Enforcement Center (TEC) for the purpose of challenging unfair trade practices
around the world, particularly in China;
• whether to provide $30.3 million in additional funding for FY2013 for ITA to
promote U.S. exports effectively and efficiently to high-growth markets such as
China, India, and Brazil by expanding the presence of the Foreign Commercial
Service in these countries;
• continued oversight of the President’s Export Control Reform Initiative—under
the Bureau of Industry and Security—the end goal of which is to create a single
licensing authority for both dual-use and munitions exports;
• whether to provide the additional funding requested for the National
Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) so it can create and
support a First Responder Network Authority, which the NTIA is required to do
under the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-96);
• providing resources to the Census Bureau for the 2012 economic census so that
the bureau can mail about 4.6 million report forms to 3.1 million businesses and
conduct various activities designed to maximize responses to the forms; and
• whether to adopt the Administration’s proposal to decrease funding for the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Ocean Service,
which is responsible for ocean and coastal programs.
Department of Justice (DOJ)
Some issues Congress might consider while determining funding levels for DOJ accounts include
the following:
• whether to accept the Administration’s proposal to consolidate the Office of the
Federal Detention Trustee and the U.S. Marshals Service;
• whether to invest in more permanent detention bedspace to hold the growing
number of federal detainees;
• whether to adopt the Administration’s proposal to close the Federal Bureau of
Investigation’s National Gang Intelligence Center;
• whether the Drug Enforcement Administration will have sufficient funding to
carry out added responsibilities that were previously under the purview of the
National Drug Intelligence Center;
Congressional Research Service
3

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

• whether the Bureau of Prisons has an adequate level of resources to properly
manage the growing federal prison population;
• whether receipts from the Crime Victims Fund should be used to fund several
DOJ grant programs that have traditionally received direct appropriations; and
• whether there is a need for additional funding for the Community Oriented
Policing Service’s hiring programs given the budget reductions many state and
local law enforcement agencies have faced due to the recession.
Science Agencies
Among the issues facing the science agencies that Congress may opt to address in the FY2013
appropriations process are the following:
• whether the current direction for the U.S. human spaceflight program, established
in October 2010 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Authorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-267), can be implemented successfully in a
period of increased budgetary constraint, as well as the potential impact of
human spaceflight’s funding needs on the availability of funding for other
National Aeronautics and Space Administration programs, such as science,
aeronautics, and education;
• whether and how to address changes in the composition of National Science
Foundation (NSF) funding toward research and away from education over the
FY2003 to FY2012 period;
• whether to continue efforts to double NSF funding as proposed by the
Administration and previously authorized by Congress, and if so, at what pace;
and
• whether to increase funding for the Office of Science and Technology Policy
(OSTP) as requested by the Administration, and if so, by how much; and whether
to continue to restrict OSTP from engaging in certain activities with China or any
Chinese-owned company by prohibiting, with limited exceptions, the use of
appropriated funds for such activities.
Related Agencies
Some of the issues Congress might consider while determining the FY2013 funding levels for the
related agencies include the following:
• whether to continue to increase resources for the Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission so it can continue to manage its caseload;
• whether to approve the Administration’s request for an additional $1.7 million for
the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative to help form a new Interagency Trade
Enforcement Center (TEC) that would challenge unfair trade practices around the
world, particularly China;
• whether to approve the Administration’s proposal that the Legal Services
Corporation restrictions on class action suits be eliminated; and
Congressional Research Service
4

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

• whether the Legal Services Corporation could save money by encouraging
private attorneys to help legal services programs by providing pro bono services.
Department of Commerce2
The Department of Commerce (Commerce Department) originated in 1903 with the
establishment of the Department of Commerce and Labor.3 The separate Commerce Department
was established on March 4, 1913.4 The department’s responsibilities are numerous and quite
varied; its activities center on five basic missions: (1) promoting the development of U.S.
business and increasing foreign trade; (2) improving the nation’s technological competitiveness;
(3) encouraging economic development; (4) fostering environmental stewardship and assessment;
and (5) compiling, analyzing, and disseminating statistical information on the U.S. economy and
population.
The following agencies within the Commerce Department carry out these missions:
International Trade Administration (ITA) seeks to develop the export potential of
U.S. firms and improve the trade performance of U.S. industry;
Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) enforces U.S. export laws consistent with
national security, foreign policy, and short-supply objectives;
Economic Development Administration (EDA) provides grants for economic
development projects in economically distressed communities and regions;
Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) seeks to promote private- and
public-sector investment in minority businesses;
Economic and Statistics Administration (ESA), excluding the Census Bureau,
provides (1) information on the state of the economy through preparation,
development, and interpretation of economic data and (2) analytical support to
department officials in meeting their policy responsibilities;
Census Bureau, a component of ESA, collects, compiles, and publishes a broad
range of economic, demographic, and social data;
National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) advises the
President on domestic and international communications policy, manages the
federal government’s use of the radio frequency spectrum, and performs research
in telecommunications sciences;
United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) examines and approves
applications for patents for claimed inventions and registration of trademarks;
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) assists industry in
developing technology to improve product quality, modernize manufacturing

2 This section was coordinated by Jennifer D. Williams, Specialist in American National Government, CRS
Government and Finance Division.
3 32 Stat. 825.
4 15 U.S.C. 1501.
Congressional Research Service
5

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

processes, ensure product reliability, and facilitate rapid commercialization of
products on the basis of new scientific discoveries; and
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides scientific,
technical, and management expertise to (1) promote safe and efficient marine and
air navigation; (2) assess the health of coastal and marine resources; (3) monitor
and predict the coastal, ocean, and global environments (including weather
forecasting); and (4) protect and manage the nation’s coastal resources.
As President Obama indicated in his January 24, 2012, State of the Union Address,5 the
Administration is seeking authority to reorganize and consolidate the federal government, an
initiative with potentially great significance for the Commerce Department.6 The President’s first
action if granted this authority would be to consolidate and combine the Department’s “core
business and trade functions,” the Small Business Administration, the Office of the U.S. Trade
Representative, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Overseas Private Investment
Corporation, and the Trade and Development Agency into a new department.7 The Census
Bureau, the Bureau of Economic Analysis, and the Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor
Statistics also would move to the new department, as a statistics division. NOAA would transfer
to the Department of the Interior, and the Commerce Department would cease to exist as such.8
FY2012 and FY2013 Appropriations
Table 2 presents the following funding information for the Department of Commerce as a whole
and for each of its agencies or bureaus: the FY2012-enacted funding level and the
Administration’s FY2013 request. The FY2012-enacted amount for the Commerce Department
was $7.808 billion. The FY2013 request of $7.978 billion is $169.9 million (2.2%) more than the
FY2012-enacted funding amount. The $5.049 billion request for the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration represents almost two-thirds (63.3%) of the total for the department.
Other large requests are $970.4 million for the Census Bureau, 12.2% of the Commerce
Department total, and $857.0 million for the National Institute of Standards and Technology,
10.7% of the total.
The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends a total of $6.288 billion for the
Department of Commerce. The committee’s recommended funding is 19.5% less than the
FY2012 appropriation and 21.2% less than the Administration’s request. The committee’s
proposed reduction in funding for the Department of Commerce is largely attributable to the
committee’s proposal to shift NOAA satellite acquisition to the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) and the concomitant reduction in funding for NOAA (see Table 2).

5 The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, “State of the Union Address,” January 24, 2012,
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/01/24/remarks-president-state-union-address.
6 S. 2129, introduced on February 17, 2012 by Senator Lieberman and cosponsored by Senator Warner, would provide
the President with the requested broad reorganization and consolidation authority. The bill has been referred to the
Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.
7 The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, “Government Reorganization Fact Sheet,” January 13, 2012,
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/01/13/government-reorganization-fact-sheet, and “Press Gaggle by
Press Secretary Jay Carney and OMB Deputy Director for Management Jeff Zients,” January 13, 2012,
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/01/13/press-gaggle-press-secretary-jay-carney-and-omb-deputy-
director-manageme.
8 Ibid.
Congressional Research Service
6

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

The House Committee-reported amount for the Department of Commerce is $7.703 billion. The
committee’s proposed funding is 1.3% less than the FY2012 appropriation, 3.5% less than the
Administration’s request, but 22.5% more than the amount recommended by the Senate
Committee on Appropriations.
Table 2. Funding for the Department of Commerce
(budget authority in millions of dollars)
Senate
House
FY2012
FY2013
Committee-
Committee-
FY2013
Bureau or Agency
Enacted
Request
Reported
Reported
Enacted
International Trade
Administration
$455.6 $517.0 $487.0 $458.3

Bureau of Industry and
Security
101.0 102.3 102.3 101.0

Economic Development
Administration
457.5 219.7 237.7 219.5

Minority Business
Development
Agency
30.3 28.7 28.7 28.7

Economic and Statistics
Administration (excluding
Census) 96.0
100.3
100.3
96.0

Census
Bureau
888.3 970.4 953.4 878.7

National
Telecommunications and
Information
Administration 45.6 46.9 46.9 45.6

U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office (USPTO)a
2,706.3 2,953.0 2,933.2 2,933.2

Offsetting Fee Receipts
(USPTO)
-2,706.3 -2,953.0 -2,933.2 -2,933.2

National Institute of
Standards and Technology
750.8
857.0
826.0
830.2

National Oceanic and
Atmospheric
Administration 4,893.7 5,054.5 3,418.7 4,961.7

Departmental
Management 88.9 86.8 86.8 83.8

Total: Department of
Commerce

7,807.7 7,983.7 6,287.9 7,703.3

Source: FY2012-enacted amounts were taken from the conference report for the Consolidated and Further
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012 (P.L. 112-55, H.Rept. 112-284). FY2013-requested amounts were taken
from S.Rept. 112-158 and the appendix to the Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2013. The Senate
Committee-reported amounts were taken from S.Rept. 112-158. House Committee-reported amounts were
taken from H.Rept. 112-463.
Notes: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding.
a. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is fully funded by user fees. The fees col ected but not
obligated during the current year are available for obligation in the following fiscal year and do not count
toward the appropriation totals. Only newly appropriated funds count toward the annual appropriation
totals. Total figures for the Department of Commerce exclude PTO.
Congressional Research Service
7

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

International Trade Administration (ITA)9
The International Trade Administration (ITA) provides export promotion services, works to
ensure compliance with trade agreements, administers trade remedies such as antidumping and
countervailing duties, and provides analytical support for ongoing trade negotiations. ITA’s
mission is to improve U.S. prosperity by strengthening the competitiveness of U.S. industry,
promoting trade and investment, and ensuring compliance with trade laws and agreements. ITA
strives to accomplish this through the following organizational units: (1) the Manufacturing and
Services Unit, which is responsible for certain industry analysis functions and promoting the
competitiveness and expansion of the U.S. manufacturing sector; (2) the Market Access and
Compliance Unit, which is responsible for monitoring foreign country compliance with trade
agreements, identifying compliance problems and market access obstacles, and informing U.S.
firms of foreign business practices and opportunities; (3) the Import Administration Unit, which is
responsible for administering the trade remedy laws of the United States; (4) the Trade
Promotion/U.S. Foreign Commercial Service program, which is responsible for conducting trade
promotion programs, providing U.S. companies with export assistance services, and leading
interagency advocacy efforts for major overseas projects; and (5) the Executive and
Administrative Directorate, which is responsible for providing policy leadership, information
technology support, and administration services for all of ITA.
The Administration requests $517.0 million for ITA for FY2013 and anticipates the collection of
$9.4 million in user fees, which would raise available funds to $526.4 million. The
Administration’s requested amount is $61.4 million (13.5%) more than the FY2012-enacted
amount of $455.6 million. The amount reported by the Senate Committee on Appropriations is
$487.0 million, 6.9% more than the FY2012-enacted amount and 5.8% less than the
Administration’s request. The House Committee on Appropriations reported amount is $458.3
million, 0.6% more than the FY2012 enacted amount and 11.4% less than the Administration’s
request for FY2013. The House Committee-reported amount is 5.9% less than that of the Senate
Committee.
In the 2012 State of the Union Address, the President called for the creation of a new trade
enforcement unit to enhance U.S. capabilities to challenge unfair trade practices aggressively
around the world, particularly in China. The Administration’s request for ITA includes an increase
of $24.0 million to help create a new Interagency Trade Enforcement Center (ITEC) for this
purpose. In addition, the Administration is requesting an increase of $30.3 million to help
promote U.S. exports by enhancing the Foreign Commercial Service’s presence in high-growth
markets such as China, India, and Brazil.10
Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS)11
The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) administers export controls on dual-use goods and
technology through its licensing and enforcement functions. It cooperates with other nations on

9 This section was written by M. Angeles Villarreal, Specialist in International Trade and Finance, CRS Foreign
Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division.
10 International Trade Administration, Budget Estimates Fiscal Year 2013 Congressional Submission.
11 This section was written by Ian F. Fergusson, Specialist in International Trade and Finance, CRS Foreign Affairs,
Defense, and Trade Division.
Congressional Research Service
8

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

export control policy and provides assistance to the U.S. business community to comply with
U.S. and multilateral export controls. BIS also administers U.S. anti-boycott statutes and is
charged with monitoring the U.S. defense industrial base. Authorization for the activities of BIS,
the Export Administration Act (50 U.S.C. App. 2401, et seq.) last expired in August 2001. On
August 17, 2001, President George W. Bush invoked the authorities granted by the International
Economic Emergency Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1703(b)) to continue in effect the system of controls
contained in the act and in the Export Administration Regulations (15 C.F.R., Parts 730-799), and
these authorities have been renewed yearly.
For FY2013, the Administration’s request for BIS is $102.3 million, a $1.3 million (1.3%)
increase from the FY2012-enacted funding level of $101.0 million. The Administration’s FY2013
funding request is divided among licensing activity ($58.4 million), enforcement activity
($38.1 million), and management and policy coordination ($5.8 million). Of these amounts,
$14.8 million is requested for Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) enforcement. The $1.3
million increase in the BIS request is primarily to increase the number of personnel in the Office
of Export Administration (OEA) to support the proposed transfer of some licensing activity
presently conducted by the Department of State as a result of the ongoing export control reform
effort. BIS estimates that the additional personnel would cost $6.24 million, with the difference
from the appropriations request made up from savings elsewhere in the bureau’s budget. BIS
seeks budget authority for 392 positions in FY2013, an increase of 24 positions from the
previous year.
The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends the Administration’s request of $102.3
million. However, the House Committee on Appropriations recommends $101.0 million, an
amount equal to the FY2012-enacted level, and a decrease of 1.3% from the Administration’s
request and the Senate Committee’s recommendation. The House Committee directed BIS to
issue quarterly updates, beginning in the first quarter of 2013, to the committee regarding the
agency’s ongoing export control reform initiative.
Economic Development Administration (EDA)12
The Economic Development Administration (EDA) was created pursuant to the enactment of the
Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965,13 with the objective of fostering growth
in economically distressed areas characterized by high levels of unemployment and low per-
capita income levels. Federally designated disaster areas and areas affected by military base
realignment or closure (BRAC) are also eligible for EDA assistance. EDA provides grants for
public works, economic adjustment in case of natural disasters or mass layoffs, technical
assistance, planning, and research.14
The Administration’s FY2013 request of $219.7 million for EDA represents a $237.8 million
(52.0%) decrease from the FY2012-enacted funding level of $457.5 million, or $37.8 million
(14.7%) less if the $200.0 million in emergency disaster assistance is excluded from EDA’s
FY2012-enacted funding. In addition to $200.0 million in emergency disaster assistance, the

12 This section was written by Eugene Boyd, Analyst in Federalism and Economic Development Policy, CRS
Government and Finance Division.
13 P.L. 89-136; 42 U.S.C. 3121.
14 For additional information on EDA’s statutory history, see CRS Report R41241, Economic Development
Administration: A Review of Elements of Its Statutory History
, by Eugene Boyd.
Congressional Research Service
9

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

FY2012-enacted appropriation included $220.0 million for EDA program activities and $37.5
million for salaries and expenses. The FY2013 request includes $37.7 million for the salaries and
expenses account and $182.0 million for EDA assistance programs. The specific programs and
their requested funding levels include
• $40.5 million for the 21st Century Innovation Infrastructure program (the
proposed successor to the longstanding EDA Public Works program);
• $60.2 million for the Economic Adjustment Assistance program;
• $27.0 million for the Partnership Planning Grants Program (the proposed
successor to the EDA Planning program);
• $12.0 million for Technical Assistance;
• $1.5 million for Research and Evaluation;
• $15.8 million for Trade Adjustment Assistance; and
• $25.0 million for the new Regional Innovation Strategies (Growth Zones)
Program established under the America COMPETES Act (P.L. 111-358).
The Administration did not request funding for the Global Climate Change Mitigation Fund.
The Administration’s FY2013 budget request for EDA proposes to reduce overall funding for
EDA programs, excluding salaries and expenses and supplemental disaster funding, by 17.3%,
from $220.0 million to $182.0 million. The budget also proposes to reduce what has been EDA’s
most highly funded program, public works grants, by 63.7%, from $111.6 million in FY2012 to
$40.5 million in FY2013. The proposed reduction in funding for public works coupled with a
proposed 20.3% increase in funding for Economic Adjustment Assistance (from $50.1 million to
$60.2 million), and a $25.0 million appropriation request for the Administration’s new Regional
Innovation Strategies Program marks a shift in the focus of EDA assistance. The proposed budget
would place greater emphasis on projects intended to support job creation through regional
innovation clusters;15 facilities that support innovation such as research parks and business
incubators; and strategic planning activities, and would de-emphasize EDA’s capacity to fund
public works projects (see Table 3).

15 Regional innovation clusters, according to EDA, are networks of similar, synergistic, or complementary entities that
support a single industry sector and its various supply chains.
Congressional Research Service
10

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Table 3. Funding for EDA Programs and Salaries and Expenses
(in millions of dollars)
Senate
House
FY2012
FY2013
Committee-
Committee-
FY2013

Enacted
Request
Reported
Reported
Enacted
Economic Development
Assistance
Programs
$220.0 $182.0 $200.0 $182.0

Public
Works

111.6 40.5 60.2 85.5

Economic Adjustment
Assistance 50.1a 60.2 56.5 40.2

Planning
Grants
29.0 27.0 — 27.0

Technical
Assistance
12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0

Research
and
Evaluation
1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Regional Innovation
—b
25.0 25.0 —

Trade Adjustment Assistance
15.8
15.8
15.8
15.8

Salaries
and
Expenses
37.5 37.7 37.7 37.5

Disaster
Relief
Assistance
200.0 — — —
Total
457.5 219.7 237.7 219.5

Source: FY2012-enacted amounts were taken from the conference report for the Consolidated and Further
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012 (P.L. 112-55, H.Rept. 112-284). FY2013-requested and Senate Committee-
reported amounts were taken from S.Rept. 112-158. House Committee-reported amounts were taken from
H.Rept. 112-463.
Note: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding.
a. Includes set asides for the following activities: $5.0 million for loan guarantees in support of innovative
technologies used or developed by small and mid-size businesses, and $5.0 million for loan guarantees and
grants to support regional innovation program activities.
b. The Administration had requested a separate appropriation for Regional Innovation Program activities. Loan
guarantees will be funded under the Economic Adjustment Assistance program.
The Senate bill (S. 2323) recommends a total appropriation of $237.7 million for the activities of
the EDA, including $200.0 million for programs administered by the agency. Excluding the
$200.0 million in additional funding appropriated in FY2012 for disaster relief activities, the bill
reported by the Senate Committee on Appropriations would reduce funding for EDA programs by
9.1%, or $20.0 million less than the $220.0 million appropriated in FY2012. Conversely, S. 2323
recommends $18.0 million, or 9.9%, more than requested by the Administration.
Noteworthy is the bill’s recommendation to appropriate $60.2 million for EDA’s public works
program activities, which is $51.4 million, or 46.1%, less than the amount appropriated in
FY2012. However, S. 2323, as reported by the Senate Committee on Appropriations,
recommends a funding level for public works activities that is $19.7 million, or 48.6%, more than
the $40.5 million requested by the Administration.
The House bill (H.R. 5326) includes $219.5 million for EDA programs and salaries and expenses.
The House bill recommends $182.0 million for EDA programs. This is $38.0 million, or 17.3%,
less than the $220.0 million appropriated in FY2012. This is the same amount as requested by the
Administration, and $18.0 million, or 9.0%, less than recommended by the Senate Committee on
Appropriations. The House Committee-reported bill also recommends $26.1 million, 23.4%, less
Congressional Research Service
11

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

than the $111.6 million appropriated for public works activities in FY2012. The bill recommends
maintaining funding for salaries and expenses at the same level, $37.5 million, as enacted for
FY2012, and close to the $37.7 million level requested by the Administration and recommended
in the bill reported by the Senate Committee on Appropriations.16
Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA)17
The Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA), established by Executive Order 11625 on
October 13, 1971, is charged with the lead role in coordinating all of the federal government’s
minority business programs.18 As part of its strategic plan, MBDA seeks to develop an industry-
focused, data-driven, technical assistance approach to give minority business owners the tools
essential for becoming first- or second-tier suppliers to private corporations and the federal
government in the new procurement environment. Progress is measured in increased gross
receipts, number of employees, and size and scale of firms associated with minority business
enterprise.
The Administration’s FY2013 request for MBDA is $28.7 million. This is 5.4%, or $1.7 million,
less than the $30.3 million appropriated in FY2012. The proposed $1.7 million reduction would
be achieved by closing MBDA’s five regional offices and reassigning staff to Washington, DC.
According to the budget justification document, the proposed MBDA funding level for FY2013
will assist in the creation of 5,000 new jobs.
S. 2323 includes $28.7 million for MBDA. This is 5.4%, or $1.7 million, less than the $30.3
million appropriated in FY2012, and the same amount requested by the Administration. H.R.
5326 also includes $28.7 million for MBDA activities.
Economic and Statistics Administration (ESA)19
The Economic and Statistics Administration (ESA) provides economic data, analysis, and
forecasts to government agencies and, when appropriate, to the public. ESA includes the Census
Bureau (discussed separately) and the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). ESA has three core
missions: to maintain a system of economic data, to interpret and communicate information about
the forces at work in the economy, and to support the information and analytical needs of the
executive branch. Funding for ESA includes two primary accounts: ESA headquarters and BEA.
ESA headquarters staff provide economic research and policy analysis in support of the Secretary
of Commerce, as well as oversight of the Census Bureau and BEA. The BEA account funds BEA
activities, among which are producing estimates of national gross domestic product and related
measures.

16 For detailed information on EDA reauthorization and funding issues, see CRS Report R41162, Economic
Development Administration: Reauthorization and Funding Issues in the 112th Congress
, by Eugene Boyd.
17 This section was written by Eugene Boyd, Analyst in Federalism and Economic Development Policy, CRS
Government and Finance Division.
18 36 Federal Register 19967; 3 C.F.R., 1971-1975 Comp. 9. 616.
19 This section was written by Jennifer D. Williams, Specialist in American National Government, CRS Government
and Finance Division.
Congressional Research Service
12

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

The Administration’s request for ESA in FY2013 is $100.3 million, $4.3 million (4.4%) more
than the FY2012-enacted amount of $96.0 million. The Senate Committee on Appropriations’
FY2013 recommendation for ESA matches the budget request. The House Committee on
Appropriations recommends $96.0 million for ESA, the same as the FY2012-enacted amount,
and $4.3 million (4.3%) less than the FY2013 request and the Senate Committee’s
recommendation.
Census Bureau20
The U.S. Constitution requires a population census every 10 years, to serve as the basis for
apportioning seats in the House of Representatives.21 Decennial census data are also used for
within-state redistricting and in certain formulas that determine the annual distribution of more
than $400 billion in federal funds to states and localities. The Census Bureau, established as a
permanent office on March 6, 1902,22 conducts the decennial census under Title 13 of the U.S.
Code, which also authorizes the bureau to collect and compile a wide variety of other
demographic, economic, housing, and governmental data.
To fund the Census Bureau in FY2013, the Administration requests $970.4 million, $82.1 million
(9.2%) more than the $888.3 million enacted for FY2012. Of the total request, $259.2 million—
$5.8 million (2.3%) above the $253.3 million enacted for FY2012—is for the bureau’s salaries
and expenses account, and $711.3 million—$76.3 million (12.0%) more than the $635.0 million
appropriated for FY2012—is for the periodic censuses and programs account.23 Included in the
latter account are the census of governments and the economic census, two quinquennial data
collections integral to the estimates of gross domestic product generated by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis. In FY2013, a crucial year for the 2012 economic census, the Census Bureau
will mail about 4.6 million report forms to 3.1 million businesses and conduct various activities
intended to maximize responses to the forms. Also included in periodic programs are the
decennial census and the American Community Survey (ACS),24 a continuous data collection that
replaced the old decennial census long form, which last was sent to an approximately 17% sample
of U.S. households in conjunction with the 2000 census.
The FY2012-enacted amount for salaries and expenses was $18.7 million (6.9%) below the
requested $272.1 million. Periodic programs received $117.7 million (15.6%) less than the
requested $752.7 million. This shortfall meant, among other things, that the bureau ended work
on 20 planned reports to evaluate the 2010 census and inform 2020 census planning, and could

20 This section was written by Jennifer D. Williams, Specialist in American National Government, CRS Government
and Finance Division.
21 See Article 1, Section 2, clause 3, as modified by Section 2 of the 14th Amendment.
22 32 Stat. 51.
23 The conference report for H.R. 2112, P.L. 112-55, provides that, of the $690.0 million for periodic censuses and
programs in FY2012, to remain available until September 30, 2013, $635.0 million “is appropriated from the general
fund,” and $55.0 million “is derived from available unobligated balances from the Census Working Capital Fund.” U.S.
Congress, conference committee, Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related
Agencies Programs for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2012, and for Other Purposes
, conference report to
accompany H.R. 2012, 112th Cong., 1st sess., H.Rept. 112-284 (Washington: GPO, 2011), p. 43.
24 For a discussion of the ACS, see CRS Report R41532, The American Community Survey: Development,
Implementation, and Issues for Congress
, by Jennifer D. Williams.
Congressional Research Service
13

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

not make the software enhancements necessary to improve access to decennial census and related
data on the bureau’s new American FactFinder website.25
For the Census Bureau in FY2013, the Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends $953.4
million, $65.1 million (7.3%) above the FY2012-enacted amount, and $17.0 million (1.8%)
below the Administration’s FY2013 request. The committee recommends the same amount for
the bureau’s salaries and expenses account as requested for FY2013. The periodic censuses and
programs account would receive $694.3 million, $59.3 million (9.3%) more than enacted for
FY2012, but $17.0 million (2.4%) less than the FY2013 request. The committee notes that it
“provides for the use of” $17.0 million from the bureau’s working capital fund, equaling $711.3
million that would be available in the periodics account and a total of $970.4 million that would
be available to the bureau in FY2013.26 The committee’s recommendation also provides $1.0
million “for the Office of Inspector General [OIG] to continue oversight and audits of periodic
censuses” and make “independent recommendations for improving operations, which will be
useful for the 2020 decennial census. The bureau is directed to continue to incorporate all OIG
recommendations as it transitions into the 2020 decennial.”27 The Committee further directs the
bureau “to continue to bring down the cost of the 2020 ... census at a level less than the 2010
census,” to “consider spending less than the 2000 census, not adjusting for inflation,” and to
“incorporate a web-based version of its census forms when planning for the 2020 ... census.”28
Regarding the economic census, the committee “directs the Bureau to preserve funding when
considering any administrative cost reductions.”29
The House Committee on Appropriations’ FY2013 recommendation for the bureau is $878.7
million, $9.6 million (1.1%) less than enacted for FY2012, $91.7 million (9.5%) below the
FY2013 request, and $74.7 million (7.8%) less than the Senate Committee recommends. The
House Committee recommends $253.3 million for the bureau’s salaries and expenses account, the
same amount as enacted for FY2012, and $5.8 million (2.3%) below the FY2013 request and
Senate Committee’s recommendation. For periodic censuses and programs, the House Committee
recommends $625.4 million, $9.6 million (1.5%) less than the FY2012-enacted amount, $85.9
million (12.1%) less than the FY2013 request, and $68.9 million (9.9%) below the Senate
Committee’s recommendation. The House Committee directs the bureau “to identify and address
specific factors that contribute to significant cost increases” in the decennial census and to
“finalize guidance for the 2020 life cycle cost estimate.” The committee expects that this cost will
not exceed the approximately $13 billion estimated cost of the 2010 census.30

25 See U.S. Census Bureau, American FactFinder, http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml.
26 U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Appropriations, Departments of Commerce and Justice, and Science, and
Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, 2013
, report to accompany S. 2323, 112th Cong., 2nd sess., S.Rept. 112-158
(Washington: GPO, 2012), p. 14.
27 Ibid., p. 15.
28 Ibid., p. 16.
29 Ibid.
30 U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies
Appropriations Bill, 2013
, report to accompany H.R. 5326, 112th Cong., 2nd sess., H.Rept. 112-463 (Washington: GPO,
2012), p. 14.
Congressional Research Service
14

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

National Telecommunications and Information Administration
(NTIA)31

The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) is the executive
branch’s principal advisory office on domestic and international telecommunications and
information technology policies. Its mandate is to provide greater access for all Americans to
telecommunications services, support U.S. attempts to open foreign markets, advise on
international telecommunications negotiations, and fund grants for new technologies and their
applications. Its role in federal spectrum management includes acting as a facilitator and mediator
in negotiations among the various federal agencies regarding usage, priority access, causes of
interference, and other radio spectrum questions. In recent years, one of the responsibilities of the
NTIA has been to oversee the transfer of some radio frequencies from the federal domain to the
commercial domain. Many of these frequencies have subsequently been auctioned to the
commercial sector and the proceeds paid into the U.S. Treasury.
For FY2013, the Administration proposes $46.9 million for NTIA salaries and expenses. This is
an increase of $1.4 million (3.0%) over the enacted FY2012 budget amount of $45.6 million. The
Senate Committee on Appropriations has reported the amount requested by the Administration.
The House Committee on Appropriations has reported $45.6 million for FY 2013, the amount
enacted for FY2012.
The Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-96) has given the NTIA new
responsibilities to create and support a First Responder Network Authority, which is responsible
for planning, building, and managing a new nationwide broadband network for public safety
communications. The law requires the NTIA, in consultation with the First Responder Network
Authority, to establish grant program requirements for a State and Local Implementation Fund.
The NTIA is also to determine grant amounts for states that participate in the deployment of the
network administered by the First Responder Network Authority. Separately, the NTIA will
administer grants and spectrum access for states that do not participate in the national network
and that receive permission from the Federal Communications Commission to build a state
network. The NTIA will also be responsible for collecting auction proceeds and making
distributions from a Public Safety Trust Fund that remains in effect through FY2022. These
additional required activities are partly anticipated in the FY2013 budget request as submitted by
the NTIA, but may require additional appropriations for the upcoming fiscal year and in future
years.
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)32
The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) examines and approves applications for patents
on claimed inventions and administers the registration of trademarks. It also helps other federal
departments and agencies protect American intellectual property in the international marketplace.
The USPTO is funded by user fees paid by customers that are designated as “offsetting
collections” and subject to spending limits established by Congress.

31 This section was written by Linda K. Moore, Specialist in Telecommunications and Spectrum Policy, CRS
Resources, Science, and Industry Division.
32 This section was written by Wendy H. Schacht, Specialist in Science and Technology Policy, CRS Resources,
Science, and Industry Division.
Congressional Research Service
15

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

The President’s FY2013 budget requests $2.953 billion in budget authority for the USPTO, an
increase of $246.7 million (9.1%) over the FY2012 figure of $2.706 billion. Any fees collected in
excess of this amount are to be deposited in the Patent and Trademark Fee Reserve Fund
established by P.L. 112-29 (the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act) and “shall remain available
until expended.”
Both S. 2323, as reported from the Senate Committee on Appropriations, and H.R. 5326, as
reported from the House Committee on Appropriations, would provide the USPTO with the
budget authority to spend $2.933 billion in FY2013, $226.9 million (8.4%) above the FY2012
amount and $19.8 million (0.7%) below Administration’s budget request.33 As in the President’s
proposal, fees collected above the amount specified are to be deposited in the Patent and
Trademark Fee Reserve Fund and “shall remain available until expended.”
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)34
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a laboratory of the Department of
Commerce with a mandate to increase the competitiveness of U.S. companies through appropriate
support for industrial development of pre-competitive, generic technologies and the diffusion of
government-developed technological advances to users in all segments of the American economy.
NIST research also provides the measurement, calibration, and quality assurance techniques that
underpin U.S. commerce, technological progress, improved product reliability, manufacturing
processes, and public safety.
The President’s FY2013 budget requests $857.0 million for NIST, an increase of $106.2 million
(4.1%) over the $750.8 million appropriated in FY2012. Included in this figure is $648.0 million
for research and development in the Scientific and Technical Research and Services (STRS)
account, 14.3% above the FY2012 amount of $567.0 million. Under the Industrial Technology
Services (ITS) account, the Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) program is to receive
$128.0 million, a 0.3% decrease from FY2012 funding of $128.4 million. Also included in ITS,
the Administration again proposes the creation of a new activity, the Advanced Manufacturing
Technology Consortia (AMTech), which was not funded when it was included in the FY2012
budget. In FY2013, support for AMTech would total $21.0 million. The requested appropriation
for the construction budget is $60.0 million, 8.3% above the $55.4 million for FY2012.
In addition to the appropriations included in the budget request that are to be addressed through
the annual appropriations process, the Administration proposes two new programs that are to be
funded through mandatory appropriations (spending that is typically “provided in permanent or
multi-year appropriations contained in the authorizing law, and therefore, the funding becomes
available automatically each year, without legislative action by Congress”35). Up to $300.0
million generated by the proceeds of the spectrum auction is to support the Wireless Innovation
Fund, and $1.000 billion is to be provided for establishment of the National Network for
Manufacturing Innovation.

33 Please note that both the House and Senate bills use the CBO estimate of $2.933 billion for expected FY2013 fee
collections rather than the $2.953 billion in the actual President’s budget request.
34 This section was written by Wendy H. Schacht, Specialist in Science and Technology Policy, CRS Resources,
Science, and Industry Division.
35 See CRS Report RL33074, Mandatory Spending Since 1962, by D. Andrew Austin and Mindy R. Levit, p. 2.
Congressional Research Service
16

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

S. 2323, as reported from the Senate Committee on Appropriations would provide $826.0 million
in FY2013 funding for NIST, $75.2 million, or 10.0%, above the FY2012 appropriation but $31.0
million, or 3.6%, below the Administration’s request. Support for the STRS account totals $623.0
million, 9.9% ($56.0 million) more than the previous fiscal year and 3.9% ($25.0 million) less
than the President proposes. MEP would receive $128.5 million, 0.1% above the FY2012 figure
and 0.4% more than the budget request, while AMTech would be financed at $14.5 million,
31.0% ($6.5 million) below what the Administration included in the budget proposal. The $60.0
million in the construction account is 8.3% more than in FY2012 and the same as the budget
request.
H.R. 5326, as reported from the House Committee on Appropriations would fund NIST at $830.2
million, an increase of 10.6% ($79.4 million) over FY2012, 3.1% ($26.8 million) less than the
Administration’s budget, and 0.5% ($4.5 million) more than the Senate figure. The $621.1 million
for the STRS account is an increase of 9.6% ($54.2 million) above the earlier fiscal year, but
4.1% ($26.8 million) less than the President’s request, and 0.3% ($1.8 million) less than the
amount included in S. 2323. Financing for MEP would total $128.0 million, 0.3% less than
FY2012, the same as the budget proposal, and 0.4% below the Senate-reported bill. AMTech
would receive $21.0 million, equal to the amount in the Administration request, and $6.5 million
(44.8%) more than in S. 2323. The $60.0 million included for construction is the same as that in
the proposed budget and the Senate bill.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)36
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) conducts scientific research in
areas such as ecosystems, climate, global climate change, weather, and oceans; supplies
information on the oceans and atmosphere; and manages coastal and marine resources. NOAA
was created in 1970 by Reorganization Plan No. 4. The reorganization plan was designed to unify
a number of the nation’s environmental activities and to provide a systematic approach for
monitoring, analyzing, and protecting the environment. NOAA’s current administrative structure
has evolved into five line offices, which include the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and
Information Service (NESDIS); the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); the National
Ocean Service (NOS); the National Weather Service (NWS); and the Office of Oceanic and
Atmospheric Research (OAR). In addition to NOAA’s five line offices, Program Support (PS), a
cross-cutting budget activity, includes the NOAA Education Program, Corporate Services,
Facilities, and the Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (OMAO).
For FY2013, the Administration requests a total of $5.055 billion for NOAA, an amount that is
$160.8 million (3.3 %) more than the FY2012-enacted amount of $4.894 billion.37 NOAA’s
budget is divided into two main accounts, Operations, Research, and Facilities (ORF) and
Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction (PAC). The Administration proposes funding ORF at
$3.042 billion, 0.7% more than the FY2012-enacted appropriation of $3.022 billion, and PAC at
$1.966 billion, 8.2% more than the FY2012-enacted appropriation of $1.817 billion. In addition,
the Administration requests $50.0 million for the Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund, 23.1%

36 This section was written by Harold F. Upton, Analyst in Natural Resources Policy, CRS Resources, Science, and
Industry Division.
37 The NOAA FY2013 total includes requested funding levels for the following accounts, Operations, Research, and
Facilities (ORF); Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction (PAC); the Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund; the
Fishermen’s Contingency Fund; and the Fisheries Finance Program.
Congressional Research Service
17

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

less than the FY2012-enacted amount of $65.0 million.38 Requested funding levels for the
Fishermen’s Contingency Fund and the Fisheries Finance Program accounts are $350,000 and
negative $4.0 million, respectively.39
The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends a total of $3.419 billion for NOAA, an
amount that is $1.475 billion (30.1%) less than the FY2012-enacted amount of $4.894 billion and
$1.636 billion (32.4%) less than the Administration’s request of $5.055 billion.40 The Senate
Committee recommends funding ORF at $3.140 billion, 3.9% more than the FY2012-enacted
appropriation of $3.022 billion and 3.2% more than the Administration’s request of $3.042
billion. The committee would fund PAC at $217.6 million, 88.0% less than the FY2012-enacted
appropriation of $1.817 billion, and 88.9% less than the Administration’s request of $1.966
billion. The committee recommends $65.0 million for the Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund,
the same as the FY2012-enacted funding level, and 30% more than the Administration’s request
of $50.0 million.
The House Committee on Appropriations recommends a total of $4.962 billion for NOAA, an
amount that is $68.0 million (1.4 %) more than the FY2012-enacted amount of $4.894 billion,
$92.9 million (1.8%) less than the Administration’s request of $5.055 billion, and $1.543 billion
(45.1%) more than the Senate Committee’s recommendation of $3.419 billion.41 The House
Committee recommends funding ORF at $2.968 billion, 1.8% less than the FY2012-enacted
appropriation of $3.022 billion, 2.4% less than the Administration’s request of $3.042 billion, and
5.5% less than the Senate Committee’s recommendation of $3.140 billion. The House Committee
would fund PAC at $1.932 billion, 6.3% more than the FY2012-enacted appropriation of $1.817
billion, 1.7% less than the Administration’s request of $1.966 billion, and 787.8% more than the
Senate Committee’s recommendation of $217.6 million. The House Committee also recommends
$65.0 million for the Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund, the same as the FY2012-enacted
funding level, 30.0% more than the Administration’s request of $50.0 million, and the same as the
recommendation of the Senate Committee on Appropriations.42
The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends shifting NOAA satellite acquisition to the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The move to NASA would decrease
NESDIS PAC funding from the FY2012-enacted level of $1.697 billion to the Senate
Committee’s recommendation of $92.5 million. NOAA has requested $1.850 billion and the
House Committee on Appropriations has recommended $1.823 billion for NESDIS PAC funding.
The Senate Committee’s report questioned whether NOAA is capable of managing the costs of
satellites, such as the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), and the agency’s ability to avoid gaps in
weather coverage from satellite data.43 However, the report also stated that NOAA has shown

38 U.S. Department of Commerce, The Department of Commerce Budget in Brief, Fiscal Year 2013,
http://www.osec.doc.gov/bmi/budget/FY13BIB/fy2013bib_final.pdf.
39 The Fisheries Finance Program Account would provide a negative subsidy estimated at $4.0 million. The Senate and
House Committees on Appropriations recommend the same funding levels as the Administration’s request for the
Fishermen’s Contingency Fund and the Fisheries Finance Programs Accounts.
40 U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Appropriations, Departments of Commerce and Justice, and Science, and
Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, 2013
, 112th Cong., 2nd sess., April 19, 2012, S.Rept. 112-158.
41 U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Commerce and Justice, and Science, and Related Agencies
Appropriations Bill, 2013
, 112th Cong., 2nd sess., May 2, 2012, S.Rept. 112-463.
42 U.S. Department of Commerce, The Department of Commerce Budget in Brief, Fiscal Year 2013,
http://www.osec.doc.gov/bmi/budget/FY13BIB/fy2013bib_final.pdf.
43 U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Appropriations, Departments of Commerce and Justice, and Science, and
(continued...)
Congressional Research Service
18

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

strong leadership in operating environmental satellites, acquiring, processing, and disseminating
data, and maintaining a proper data archive. Furthermore, the Senate Committee report
questioned whether the escalating costs of satellite acquisition have started to erode funding for
other obligations at NOAA, especially oceans and weather operations. For example, the
Administration’s FY2013 request for funding NESDIS PAC and ORF accounts is $2.041 billion,
an amount that is 8.7% more than the FY2012-enacted amount of $1.877 billion. The
Administration’s FY2013 request for funding NOS PAC and ORF accounts totals $458.5 million,
1.9% less than the FY2012 amount of $467.4 million. From FY2009 to FY2012, NESDIS
funding of PAC and ORF accounts increased by 59.4%, while NOS funding of PAC and ORF
accounts decreased by 13.9%.
Department of Justice (DOJ)44
Established by an act of 187045 with the Attorney General at its head, DOJ provides counsel for
the government in federal cases and protects citizens through law enforcement. It represents the
federal government in all proceedings, civil and criminal, before the Supreme Court. In legal
matters, generally, the department provides legal advice and opinions, upon request, to the
President and executive branch department heads. The major functions of DOJ agencies and
offices are described below.
United States Attorneys prosecute criminal offenses against the United States;
represent the federal government in civil actions; and initiate proceedings for the
collection of fines, penalties, and forfeitures owed to the United States.
United States Marshals Service provides security for the federal judiciary,
protects witnesses, executes warrants and court orders, manages seized assets,
detains and transports unsentenced prisoners, and apprehends fugitives.
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) investigates violations of federal criminal
law; helps protect the United States against terrorism and hostile intelligence
efforts; provides assistance to other federal, state, and local law enforcement
agencies; and shares jurisdiction with Drug Enforcement Administration over
federal drug violations.
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) investigates federal drug law
violations; coordinates its efforts with state, local, and other federal law
enforcement agencies; develops and maintains drug intelligence systems;
regulates legitimate controlled substances activities; and conducts joint
intelligence-gathering activities with foreign governments.
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) enforces federal law
related to the manufacture, importation, and distribution of alcohol, tobacco,

(...continued)
Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, 2013, 112th Cong., 2nd sess., April 19, 2012, 112-158.
44 This section was written by Nathan James, CRS Analyst in Crime Policy; Kristin M. Finklea, CRS Specialist in
Domestic Security; William J. Krouse, CRS Specialist in Domestic Security and Crime Policy; and Lisa N. Sacco,
Analyst in Illicit Drugs and Crime Policy; CRS Domestic Social Policy Division.
45 28 U.S.C. §501
Congressional Research Service
19

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

firearms, and explosives. It was transferred from the Department of the Treasury
to DOJ by the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296).
Federal Prison System (Bureau of Prisons, BOP) provides for the custody and
care of the federal prison population, the maintenance of prison-related facilities,
and the boarding of sentenced federal prisoners incarcerated in state and local
institutions.
Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) coordinates legislative and other
initiatives relating to violence against women and administers grant programs to
help prevent, detect, and stop violence against women, including domestic
violence, sexual assault, and stalking.
Office of Justice Programs (OJP) manages and coordinates the activities of the
Bureau of Justice Assistance, Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Institute of
Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Office of
Victims of Crime.
Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) advances the practice of
community policing by awarding grants to law enforcement agencies to hire and
train community policing professionals, acquire and deploy crime-fighting
technologies, and develop and test innovative policing strategies.
Most crime control has traditionally been a state and local responsibility. With the passage of the
Crime Control Act of 1968 (P.L. 90-351), however, the federal role in the administration of
criminal justice has increased incrementally. Since 1984, Congress has approved five major
omnibus crime control bills, designating new federal crimes, penalties, and additional law
enforcement assistance programs for state and local governments.46
FY2012 and FY2013 Appropriations
The Administration requests a total of $28.828 billion for DOJ for FY2013 (see Table 4). The
Administration’s request is $420.6 million, or 1.5%, greater than the amount Congress
appropriated for FY2012 ($27.408 billion). The Administration’s proposal would basically flat
fund the DEA, ATF, and the U.S. Attorneys. Under the Administration’s proposal, there would be
a modest increase in the FBI’s and BOP’s budget. However, there would be a significant increase
in the U.S. Marshals Service’s budget, but this is because the Administration proposes to
consolidate the Office of the Federal Detention Trustee and the U.S. Marshals Service. The
Administration also proposes to fund several grant programs under OVW and OJP with receipts
from the Crime Victims Fund.
The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends a total of $27.866 billion for the
Department of Justice. This amount is 1.7% above the FY2012 appropriation of $27.408 and
0.1% more than the Administration’s request of $27.828 billion. The Senate Committee on
Appropriations matched the Administration’s request for nearly all of DOJ’s accounts. The only
instances where the Senate Committee on Appropriations diverged from the Administration’s
request was in its proposed funding for DOJ’s grant accounts.

46 See, for example, the Crime Control Act of 1984 (P.L. 98-473); the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-570); the
Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-690); the Crime Control Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-647); and the Violent Crime
Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (P.L. 103-322).
Congressional Research Service
20

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

The House Committee on Appropriations recommends at total of $27.419 billion for the
Department of Justice, an amounts that is $11.3 million (>0.1%) above the FY2012 appropriation,
$409.3 million (1.5%) below the Administration’s request, and $447.1 million (1.6%) below the
Senate Committee-reported amount. The House Committee on Appropriation’s recommendation
for the U.S. Marshals Service, the DEA, the BOP, and DOJ’s grant accounts is below what the
Administration requested and the Senate Committee-reported amount. However, the committee
recommends an increase in funding for the FBI.
Table 4. Funding for the Department of Justice
(budget authority in millions of dollars)
Senate
House
FY2012
FY2013
Committee-
Committee-
FY2013
Accounts
Enacted
Request
Reported
Reported
Enacted
General
Administration
$2,227.9 $556.5 $556.5 $537.4

General
Administration
262.1 161.1 161.1 143.7

Administrative Review &
Appeals
301.0 309.4 309.4 309.4

Detention Trustee
1,580.6
—a — —
Office of the Inspector
General
84.2 86.0 86.0 84.2

U.S.
Parole
Commission
12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8

Legal
Activities
3,187.2 3,240.7 3,240.7 3,185.2

General
legal
activities
863.4 903.6 903.6 863.4

United
States
Attorneys 1,960.0 1,974.4 1,974.4 1,965.0

Otherb
363.8 362.7 362.7 356.8

United States Marshals Service
1,189.0
2,881.7a 2,881.7 2,845.9

National
Security
Division
87.0 90.0 90.0 90.0

Interagency
Law
Enforcement 527.5 524.8 524.8 521.8

Federal Bureau of Investigation
8,118.0
8,232.0
8,232.0
8,266.0

Drug Enforcement
Administration
2,035.0 2,050.9 2,050.9 2,043.9

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,
Firearms
and
Explosives
1,152.0 1,153.3 1,153.3 1,153.3

Federal
Prison
System
6,644.0 6,922.1 6,922.1 6,912.9

Office on Violence Against
Women 412.5
412.5c 412.5 415.0

Office of Justice Programs
1,616.3
1,461.3
1,514.2
1,362.3

Research, Evaluation, and
Statistics
113.0 136.0 126.0 112.0

State and Local Law
Enforcement Assistance
1,162.5
1,002.0d 1,058.9 962.5

Juvenile
Justice
Programs 262.5 245.0 278.0 209.5

Congressional Research Service
21

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Senate
House
FY2012
FY2013
Committee-
Committee-
FY2013
Accounts
Enacted
Request
Reported
Reported
Enacted
Public Safety Officers
Benefits
78.3 78.3 78.3 78.3

Community Oriented Policing
Services
198.5 289.6 247.5 72.5

Total: Department of
Justice

27,407.7 27,828.3 27,866.1 27,419.0

Source: FY2012-enacted amounts were taken from the conference report for the Consolidated and Further
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012 (P.L. 112-55, H.Rept. 112-284). FY2013-requested and Senate Committee-
reported amounts were taken from S.Rept. 112-158. House Committee-reported amounts were taken from
H.Rept. 112-463.
Note: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding.
a. For FY2013, the Administration proposed to merge the Office of the Federal Detention Trustee with the
U.S. Marshals Service (USMS). The Administration’s proposal includes a new Federal Prisoner Detention
account under the USMS to cover the costs associated with the care of federal detainees.
b. “Other” includes accounts for the Antitrust Division, Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund, U.S.
Trustee System Fund, Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, Fees and Expenses of Witnesses,
Community Relations Service, and the Asset Forfeiture Fund.
c. Includes $144.5 million the Administration’s proposes transferring from the Crime Victims Fund to the
Office on Violence Against Women account.
d. Includes $220.5 million the Administration proposes transferring from the Crime Victims Fund to the State
and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account.
General Administration
The General Administration account provides funds for salaries and expenses for the Attorney
General’s office, the Inspector General’s office, and other programs designed to ensure that the
collaborative efforts of DOJ agencies are coordinated to help represent the government and fight
crime as efficiently as possible.
The Administration’s request includes $556.5 million for FY2013. This amount is $1.671 billion
(75%) less than the FY2012-enacted appropriation of nearly $2.228 billion. The bulk of this
decrease is due to the proposed consolidation of the Office of the Federal Detention Trustee and
the U.S. Marshals Service, and the elimination of funding for the National Drug Intelligence
Center as well as for the Law Enforcement Wireless Communications subaccount, as discussed
below.
The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends $556.5 million for FY2013. This amount
is 75.0% less than the FY2012-enacted appropriation and the same as that requested by the
Administration. The House Committee on Appropriation recommends almost $537.4 million for
the General Administration account. This is 75.9% less than the FY2012-enacted appropriation
and 3.4% less than the Administration’s request and the Senate Committee-reported amount.
Congressional Research Service
22

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

General Administration
The General Administration account includes funding for Salaries and Expenses for DOJ
administration, as well as for the National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC), Justice Information
Sharing Technology, and Tactical Law Enforcement Wireless Communications.
For FY2013, the Administration’s request includes nearly $161.1 million for the General
Administration account. This is $101.0 million (38.5%) less than the FY2012-enacted
appropriation of $262.1 million. This decrease is primarily driven by the proposed elimination of
funding for two components of the General Administration account: the NDIC and the Law
Enforcement Wireless Communications subaccount. For FY2012, Congress appropriated $20.0
million to be used for the closure of the NDIC. For FY2013, the Administration proposes fully
closing the NDIC and transferring its functions to the DEA. With respect to the Law Enforcement
Wireless Communications subaccount, the Administration proposes transferring responsibility
(and funding) for legacy radio networks to the appropriate component agencies and giving the
FBI responsibility for the Law Enforcement Radio program.
The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends nearly $161.1 million for the FY2013
General Administration account. This is 38.5% less than the FY2012-enacted appropriation and
the same as the amount requested by the Administration for FY2013. The House Committee on
Appropriations recommends $143.7 million for General Administration. This amount is 45.2%
less than the FY2012 appropriation and 10.8% less than the Administration’s FY2013 request and
amount recommended by the Senate Committee on Appropriations.
Administrative Review and Appeals (ARA)
Administrative Review and Appeals (ARA) includes the Executive Office of Immigration Review
(EOIR) and the Office of the Pardon Attorney (OPA). The Attorney General is responsible for the
review and adjudication of immigration cases in coordination with the Department of Homeland
Security’s (DHS’s) efforts to secure the nation’s borders. The EOIR handles these matters, and the
OPA receives and reviews petitions for executive clemency.
The Administration’s request includes $309.4 million for ARA for FY2013. This is $8.4 million
(2.8%) more than the $301.0 million appropriated for FY2012. The Senate Committee on
Appropriations as well as the House Committee on Appropriations both recommend $309.4
million for FY2013 ARA funding, equal to the Administration’s request.
Office of the Federal Detention Trustee (OFDT)
The Office of the Federal Detention Trustee (OFDT) provides overall management and oversight
for federal detention services relating to federal prisoners in nonfederal institutions or otherwise
in the custody of the U.S. Marshals Service. For FY2013, the Administration proposes to merge
the OFDT with the U.S. Marshals Service. The costs associated with the care of federal detainees
would be paid for out of a new Federal Prisoner Detention account under the U.S. Marshals
Service’s appropriation. Both the Senate and the House Committees on Appropriations adopted
the Administration’s proposal to merge the OFDT with the US Marshals Service.
Congressional Research Service
23

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Office of the Inspector General (OIG)
The Office of the Inspector General (OIG) is responsible for detecting and deterring waste, fraud,
and abuse involving DOJ programs and personnel; promoting economy and efficiency in DOJ
operations; and investigating allegations of departmental misconduct.
For FY2013, the Administration requests almost $86.0 million for the OIG. This is almost $1.8
million (2.1%) more than the FY2012-enacted appropriation of nearly $84.2 million. The Senate
Committee on Appropriations recommends nearly $86.0 million for the OIG, equal to the
Administration’s FY2013 request. The House Committee on Appropriations recommends almost
$84.2 million for FY2013 OIG funding. This amount is equal to the FY2012-enacted
appropriation and it is 2.1% less than both the Administration’s request and the amount
recommended by the Senate Committee on Appropriations.
U.S. Parole Commission
The U.S. Parole Commission adjudicates parole requests for prisoners who are serving felony
sentences under federal and District of Columbia code violations. The Administration’s request
for the U.S. Parole Commission is $61,000, or 0.5%, less than the FY2012-enacted appropriation
of $12.8 million. Both the Senate and the House Committees on Appropriations recommend
$12.8 million for the U.S. Parole Commission, the same as the Administration’s request.
Legal Activities
The Legal Activities account includes several subaccounts: general legal activities, U.S.
Attorneys, and other legal activities. The Administration’s request includes $3.241 billion for the
Legal Activities Account, nearly $53.5 million (1.7%) over the FY2012-enacted appropriation of
$3.187 billion. The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends $3.241 billion for Legal
Activities, equal to the Administration’s requested amount. The House Committee on
Appropriations recommends $3.185 billion for Legal Activities, 0.1% less than the FY2012
enacted appropriation and 1.7% less than both the Administration’s request and the amount
recommended by the Senate Committee on Appropriations.
General Legal Activities
The General Legal Activities account funds the Solicitor General’s supervision of the
department’s conduct in proceedings before the Supreme Court. It also funds several
departmental divisions (tax, criminal, civil, environment and natural resources, legal counsel,
civil rights, INTERPOL, and dispute resolution).
For FY2013, the Administration’s request includes $903.6 million for general legal activities, an
increase of $40.2 million (4.7%) over the FY2012-enacted appropriation of almost $863.4
million. The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends $903.6 million for general legal
activities, equal to the Administration’s FY2013 request. The House Committee on
Appropriations recommends almost $863.4 million for general legal activities. This amount is
equal to the FY2012-enacted appropriation, but it is 4.5% less than both the Administration’s
request and the amount recommended by the Senate Committee on Appropriations.
Congressional Research Service
24

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Office of the U.S. Attorneys
The U.S. Attorneys enforce federal laws through prosecution of criminal cases and represent the
federal government in civil actions in all of the 94 federal judicial districts. For FY2012,
Congress appropriated $1.96 billion for the U.S. Attorneys. For FY2013, the Administration has
requested $1.974 billion for the U.S. Attorneys, a net increase of $14.4 million (0.7%). The
request includes $27.8 million in base increases, less nearly $40.0 million in offsets and other
savings, plus a $26.5 million budget increase for financial and mortgage fraud cases. The $26.5
million for financial and mortgage fraud includes $15.5 million for criminal litigation and $11.0
million for civil litigation. The U.S. Attorneys’ budget submission to Congress indicates that the
FY2013 request would be allocated by budget decision unit as follows:
• criminal litigation ($1.531 billion),
• civil litigation ($409.9 million), and
• legal education ($33.5 million).
The Senate-reported bill would provide the same amount as requested by the Administration.
Senate report language urges the U.S. Attorneys to continue to focus their efforts on crimes that
fall under federal jurisdiction, including matters related to the sexual exploitation of children
which are addressed under the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-
248); combating financial and mortgage fraud; human trafficking; and intellectual property rights
enforcement.
By comparison, the House-reported bill would provide $1.965 billion. This amount is $9.4
million (-0.5%) less than the request and the Senate-reported amount. House report language did
not provide any explanation for the lesser amount; however, it noted that the Attorney General
had yet to respond to the committee’s follow up questions regarding the status of DOJ-led human
trafficking task forces. House report language also noted that the committee anticipated that
FY2013 funding for child exploitation programs (as authorized under P.L. 109-248) would not be
less than allocated for FY2012. With regard to prescription drug abuse, House report language
urged the U.S. Attorneys to prioritize investigations and prosecutions of “pill mills” that dispense
addictive pain medication under the guise of a doctor’s care.
Other Legal Activities
Other Legal Activities includes the Antitrust Division, the Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust
Fund, the U.S. Trustee System Fund (which is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the
U.S. bankruptcy system by, among other things, prosecuting criminal bankruptcy violations), the
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, the Fees and Expenses of Witnesses, the Community
Relations Service, and the Assets Forfeiture Fund.
For FY2013, the Administration’s request includes $362.7 million for other legal activities. This
is $1.1 million (0.3%) less than the FY2012-enacted appropriation of $363.8 million. The Senate
Committee on Appropriations recommends $362.7 million for other legal activities for FY2013,
equal to the Administration’s request. The House Committee on Appropriations recommends
$356.8 million for other legal activities. This amount is 1.9% less than the FY2012-enacted
appropriation and 1.6% lower than both the Administration’s request and the Senate Committee-
reported amount.
Congressional Research Service
25

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

U.S. Marshals Service (USMS)
The U.S. Marshals Service (USMS) is responsible for the protection of the federal judicial
process, including protecting judges, attorneys, witnesses, and jurors. In addition, the USMS
provides physical security in courthouses, safeguards witnesses, transports prisoners from court
proceedings, apprehends fugitives, executes warrants and court orders, and seizes forfeited
property. For FY2013, the Administration requests $2.882 billion for the USMS, a proposed
increase of 142.4% over the FY2012-enacted appropriation of $1.189 billion. As discussed above,
the Administration proposes to consolidate the OFDT with the USMS, hence the substantial
proposed increase for the USMS. Of the $2.882 billion the Administration requests for the
USMS, $1.668 billion would be for a new Federal Prisoner Detention account under the USMS.
Funding under this account would be used to cover the costs associated with the care of federal
detainees. The $1.668 billion the Administration requests for the Federal Prisoner Detention
account is 5.5% more than the $1.581 billion Congress appropriated for the OFDT for FY2012.
The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommended funding for the U.S. Marshals Service is
$2.882 billion, the same as the Administration’s request. The committee accepted the
Administration’s proposal to consolidate the OFDT with the U.S. Marshals Service. The
committee recommends $1.668 billion for the Federal Prisoner Detention account under the U.S.
Marshals Service, the same as the Administration’s request.
The House Committee-reported amount for the U.S. Marshals is $2.846 billion. This amount is
139.9% above the FY2012 appropriation, but it is 1.2% below both the Administration’s request
and the Senate Committee-reported amount. Like the Senate Committee on Appropriations, the
committee accepted the Administration’s proposal to consolidate the OFDT the U.S. Marshals
Service. The House Committee on Appropriations recommends $1.647 billion for the Federal
Prisoner Detention account, an amount that is 1.2% below both the Administration’s request and
the Senate Committee-reported amount. However, it is 4.2% above the FY2012 appropriation for
the OFDT.
One issue before Congress as it considers the CJS appropriations bill is whether to accept the
Administration’s proposal to consolidate the OFDT and the USMS. The OFDT was established
out of concern about inadequate planning and management of detention space in DOJ. Congress
created the ODFT so that one entity would be responsible for oversight of detention management,
as well as improvement and coordination of detention issues. The Administration claims that
merging the OFDT and USMS will save $5.6 million by increasing operational efficiency.47 The
Administration reports that the proposed merger could provide the following advantages:
• the USMS would be responsible for formulating the detention budget and
accountable for any shortfalls related to its operation;
• the reimbursable agreement the USMS has with the OFDT would not be needed,
thereby eliminating bureaucratic layers to the financial process; and

47 U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Marshals Service, FY2013 Performance Budget, President’s Budget, Federal
Prisoner Detention Appropriation
, February 2012, p. 42, http://www.justice.gov/jmd/2013justification/pdf/fy13-fpd-
justification.pdf.
Congressional Research Service
26

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

• it would allow the staff of the OFDT to continue its mission to find efficiencies in
the detention system, but under a single command structure within the USMS.48
The Administration’s proposal appears to simply move the OFDT’s responsibilities under the
authority of the USMS. As such, the USMS would be responsible for coordinating the
procurement of detention space for all federal detainees. Prior to the establishment of the OFDT,
the USMS and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE, which was the Immigration
and Naturalization Service when the OFDT was established) were both responsible for procuring
detention space for detainees under their authority.
Another issue Congress might consider is whether to invest in more permanent detention space
for federal detainees. The Administration reports that it expects the average daily population to
increase by approximately 1,900 detainees between FY2011 and FY2013.49 The average daily
population is dependent upon the number of people arrested and the length of time defendants are
detained pending adjudication, release, or subsequently transferred to a federal prison following
conviction and sentencing. The Administration reports that anticipated law enforcement
initiatives on the southwest border that address drug and firearms trafficking are expected to
increase the average time in detention.50 Moreover, there has been a increase in the number of
people arrested for immigration-related offenses, but the effect of these arrests on the average
time in detention has been mitigated by policies adopted by the U.S. Attorneys, the Department of
Homeland Security, and the federal judiciary to fast-track these cases through the federal criminal
justice system.
Detention bedspace for federal detainees is acquired through (1) federal detention facilities,
where the government pays for construction and subsequent operation of the facility through the
Bureau of Prisons; (2) Intergovernmental Agreements (IGA) with state and local jurisdictions
who have excess prison/jail bed capacity and receive a daily rate for the use of a bed; (3) private
jail facilities where a daily rate is paid per bed; and (4) the Capital Improvement Program (CIP),
which includes the Cooperative Agreement Program (CAP)51 and the Non-refundable Service
Charge (NSCC)52 contract, where capital investment funding is provided to state and local
governments for guaranteed detention bed space in exchange for a daily rate negotiated through
an IGA. The Administration reports that DOJ has not been able to rely as much on IGAs and
federal detention facilities to meet the increase in the detention population, primarily because
state and local governments are increasingly using their facilities for their own detention
requirements and no new federal detention facilities have been built since 2000. The department
has increasingly relied on private facilities to provide needed detention space.

48 Ibid.
49 Ibid., p. 5.
50 Ibid., p. 6.
51 CAP provides federal resources to select state and local governments to renovate, construct, and equip detention
facilities in return for guaranteed bed space for a fixed period of time for federal detainees in or near federal court
cities.
52 NSCC allows USMS to directly contract with state and local governments providing upfront funding for renovation
or construction of jails to house federal detainees in exchange for guaranteed bed space at a fixed rate.
Congressional Research Service
27

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

National Security Division (NSD)
The National Security Division (NSD) coordinates DOJ’s national security and terrorism
missions through law enforcement investigations and prosecutions. The NSD was established in
DOJ in response to the recommendations of the Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of
the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD Commission), and authorized
by Congress on March 9, 2006, in the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of
2005. Under the NSD, the DOJ resources of the Office of Intelligence Policy and Review and the
Criminal Division’s Counterterrorism and Counterespionage Sections were consolidated to
coordinate all intelligence-related resources and to ensure that criminal intelligence information is
shared, as appropriate. For FY2012, Congress appropriated $87.0 million for the NSD. For
FY2013, the Administration has requested $90.0 million for the NSD, or an increase of 3.5%. The
Senate and House committee-approved measures would provide the same amount as the request.
Interagency Law Enforcement
The Interagency Law Enforcement account reimburses departmental agencies for their
participation in the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force (OCDETF) program.
Organized into nine regional task forces, this program combines the expertise of federal agencies
with the efforts of state and local law enforcement to disrupt and dismantle major narcotics-
trafficking and money-laundering organizations. From DOJ, the federal agencies that participate
in OCDETF are the DEA; the FBI; the ATF; the USMS; the Tax and Criminal Divisions of DOJ;
and the U.S. Attorneys. From the Department of Homeland Security, Immigration and Customs
Enforcement and the U.S. Coast Guard participate in OCDETF. In addition, from the Department
of the Treasury, the Internal Revenue Service and Treasury Office of Enforcement also participate
in OCDETF. Moreover, state and local law enforcement agencies participate in approximately
90% of all OCDETF investigations.
For FY2013, the Administration requests $524.8 million for the Interagency Law Enforcement
Account. This is $2.7 million (0.5%) less than the FY2012-enacted appropriation of $527.5
million. The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends $524.8 million for this account
for FY2013. The committee’s recommendation is equal to the Administration’s request. The
House Committee-reported amount for this account is $521.8 million, 1.1% below the FY2012
appropriation and 0.6% less than both the Administration’s request and the Senate Committee on
Appropriations’ mark.
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
The FBI is the lead federal investigative agency charged with defending the country against
foreign terrorist and intelligence threats; enforcing federal laws; and providing leadership and
criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, tribal, and territorial law enforcement
agencies and partners. Since the September 11, 2001 (9/11), terrorist attacks, the FBI has
reorganized and reprioritized its efforts to focus on preventing terrorism and related criminal
activities. From FY2001 through FY2011, Congress has more than doubled direct appropriations
Congressional Research Service
28

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

for the FBI from $3.32 billion to $7.926 billion, or a 138.7% increase.53 For FY2012, Congress
appropriated $8.118 billion for the FBI (an increase of 2.4%).
For FY2013, the Administration has requested $8.232 billion for the FBI (an increase of 1.4%).
This amount includes $8.151 billion for salaries and expenses and nearly $81.0 million for
construction. The Senate committee-reported bill would provide a total of $8.232 billion for the
FBI, the same as the Administration’s request. The House committee-reported bill would provide
a total of $8.266 billion for the FBI, 1.8% more than the FY2012 appropriation and 0.4% more
than both the Administration’s request and the amount approved by the Senate Committee on
Appropriations. Both the Senate and House committee-approved bills would provide the same
amounts as requested for construction ($81.0 million). The Senate bill would provide the same
amount for salaries and expenses, but the House bill would provide $8.185 billion, or $34.0
million (0.4%) more than the request or Senate amount.
The FY2013 request for salaries and expenses would be allocated by budget decision as follows:
• Intelligence ($1.684 billion);
• Counterterrorism/Counterintelligence ($3.3 billion);
• Criminal Enterprises/Federal Crime ($2.665 billion); and
• Criminal Justice Services ($502.0 million).
For the salaries and expenses account, the FY2013 request would provide a net increase of $114.0
million compared to the FY2012-enacted amount. This amount includes $162.1 million in base
adjustments,54 less $63.0 million in other offsets and savings, plus $15.0 million in budget
enhancement for financial and mortgage fraud investigations (44 positions). The $63.0 million in
offsets and savings includes the following:
• administrative efficiencies ($11.2 million),
• contractor reductions ($7.1 million),
• Critical Incident Response Group training and equipment reduction ($3.4
million),
• facilities reduction ($22.6 million),
• information technology savings ($5.9 million),
• National Gang Intelligence Center closing ($7.8 million), and
• employee relocation support funding reduction ($5.0 million).
Of these proposed offsets, the closing of the National Gang Intelligence Center (NGIC) could be
controversial. In the 2011 National Gang Threat Assessment, it states that the NGIC was
established by Congress in 2005 to support law enforcement agencies through timely and
accurate information sharing and strategic/tactical analysis of federal, state, and local law

53 The FY2010-enacted amount does not reflect a $50 million rescission or a $24 million supplemental appropriation.
54 “Base adjustments” are estimated changes in the level of funding—usually, due to costs that cannot be avoided—that
would be needed in the upcoming fiscal year to carry out the same level of activities and/or services that a department
or agency anticipates it will carry out in the current fiscal year.
Congressional Research Service
29

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

enforcement information focusing on the growth, migration, criminal activity, and association of
gangs that pose a significant threat to communities throughout the United States.55 The NGIC is
staffed with representatives from the FBI, DEA, ATF, BOP, USMS, the National Drug
Intelligence Center (NDIC), the Department of Defense (DOD), and the Department of Homeland
Security’s Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection
(CBP). This multi-agency fusion center integrates gang intelligence assets to serve as a central
intelligence resource for gang information and analytical support. According to the FBI, the
elimination of the NGIC will not hinder the U.S. government’s ability to assess the threat posed
nationally by criminal gangs, because intelligence sharing will continue at the field level between
DOJ agencies and state and local partners. Senate report language supports the request to
eliminate the NGIC, while House report language opposes this request. The House bill would
provide $9.0 million above the request to sustain the NGIC.
Financial fraud, according to the FBI, includes matters relating to fraud, theft, or embezzlement
occurring within or against the national and international financial community.56 The requested
$15.0 million budget increase is to be focused on high loss corporate, securities, and commodities
fraud. It is also to be focused on mortgage fraud. As a subset of financial institution fraud,
mortgage fraud includes three basic types of schemes:
• loan origination schemes when borrowers and real estate insiders provide false
financial information and documentation as part of a loan application package
and false appraisals;
• illegal property flipping, the reselling of real estate property for an artificially
inflated price (based upon a fraudulent appraisal) shortly after being acquired by
the seller; and
• bailout schemes used by builders to offset losses and circumvent debt and
potential bankruptcy as home sales have declined sharply due to foreclosures and
other market forces.57
All financial crime cases fall under the FBI White Collar Crime (WCC) program. Despite the
growing complexity and prevalence of international financial crime, much of which is conducted
through the internet, the WCC program is considered a traditional crime program.
According to report language, the Senate bill would provide the requested $15.0 million (44
positions), bringing the total amount provided under the bill to address complex financial fraud to
$162.1 million. House report language indicated that the House bill would provide a smaller
increase of $6.6 million to address financial crime. Additional House report language addressed
fraud associated with stimulus funding provided under the American Recovery and Reinvestment
Act (P.L. 111-5) and calls upon the FBI to report back to the committee detailing stimulus fraud
trends. Unlike Senate report language, House language did not give a total funding allocation for
financial fraud.

55 http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/2011-national-gang-threat-assessment/2011-national-gang-threat-
assessment-emerging-trends.
56 U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Financial Crimes Report to the Public, Fiscal Years
2010-2011
, February 2012, http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/financial-crimes-report-2010-2011.
57 U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2010 Mortgage Fraud Report: Year in Review, August
2011, http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/mortgage-fraud-2010/mortgage-fraud-report-2010.
Congressional Research Service
30

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

The other traditional crime programs include public corruption, civil rights, gang violence,
organized crime, and violent crime. Senate and House report language expressed the expectation
that intellectual property crime enforcement would remain an FBI investigative priority. Both
committees also urge the FBI to continue support of DOJ efforts to prosecute foreign nationals
residing in the United States who are suspected of serious human rights crimes. Senate report
language addressed Innocent Images National Initiative (IINI), noting that the bill would provide
a total of $66.8 million for this initiative. House report language addressed severe forms of
human trafficking, noting that the FBI had increased its FY2012 resources allocated for such
investigation by 17%. House language expressed the expectation that the FY2012 level of
resources should be maintained for FY2013.
Cyber crime, by contrast, falls into both the FBI traditional crime and national security activities.
Both Senate and House report language address cyber security, underscoring that computer
intrusions of both U.S. government and private sector computer networks represent a growing
national security threat that the FBI is positioned to address by fusing its counterterrorism,
counterintelligence, and criminal expertise. To these ends, the House bill would provide $23.1
million (112 positions) above the request to increase FBI resources allocated to address the cyber
threat.
In addition, the House bill would provide an increase of $10.2 million to improve FBI physical
surveillance capabilities for both national security and criminal investigations. Both Senate and
House report language indicated that the amounts provided under both bills would support
ongoing efforts to establish and operate a Domestic Communications Assistance Center, which
provides technical support to federal, state, and local law enforcement with regard to lawful
electronic surveillance. Both reports included language indicating that the committees seek to
monitor both DOJ and FBI efforts to enhance the interoperability of law enforcement wireless
communications.
National security activities include counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and weapons of mass
destruction. Like cyber crime, the FBI intelligence function falls into both the traditional crime
and national security activities. Senate report language noted that the committee supports FBI
efforts to address national security threats, by providing resources and strengthening capabilities
related to international terrorism and surveillance, intelligence analysis, and legal attaches. House
report language addressed several other issues, including domestic radicalization, proper vetting
of counterterrorism training materials, investigative record centralization, Terrorist Screening
Center operations, and the Foreign Terrorist Tracking Task Force. House report language also
directs the FBI to report to the committee on the Chinese government’s “extensive use of front
organizations” that ostensibly have cultural or educational purposes, but are frequently suspected
to be controlled by the Chinese military, intelligence, or other Communist Party entities. It also
calls on the FBI to report on the potential threat of economic warfare that could occur when
foreign countries or other actors use “sovereign wealth funds or other state-directed financial
tools to undermine U.S. markets and inflict damage on the economy.”
In addition to the direct appropriations described above, the FBI also receives significant
resources from offsetting fee receipts, reimbursements, and other intergovernmental transfers. For
example, for FY2013, the FBI anticipates that it will receive about $1.471 billion in such
resources. Examples of appropriated resources, which are to be either reimbursed or transferred to
the FBI, include the following: (1) $137.1 million from DOJ’s Interagency Crime Drug
Enforcement appropriation (described above), (2) $355.3 million for FBI participation and
Congressional Research Service
31

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

support of the National Counter Terrorism Center and other Intelligence Community activities,
and (3) $77.5 million for the Terrorist Explosives Device Analytical Center (TEDAC).
According to Senate report language, the committee’s bill would provide $640.7 million for the
FBI Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division. Of this amount, $278.1 million would
be derived from direct appropriations for the FBI salaries and expenses account, and $362.7
million would be derived from offsetting (user) fees. While House report language does not
address overall funding for CJIS, it does address the Next Generation Identification (NGI)
initiative underway at CJIS, under which the FBI is working to enhance “interoperability and
real-time data sharing among interagency biometric identity management systems.” It also urges
the FBI to develop a “rap back” fee strategy that would cover the costs associated with providing
such services to both federal and non-federal users of criminal history record information.
Providing “rap back” information entails providing updated “rap sheets,” or criminal history
information, to certain authorities when an individual who was the subject of an earlier criminal
history record check is subsequently arrested.
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is the only single-mission federal agency tasked
with enforcing the nation’s controlled substance laws in order to reduce the availability and abuse
of illicit drugs and the diversion of licit drugs for illicit purposes. DEA’s enforcement efforts
include the disruption and dismantling of drug trafficking and money laundering organizations
through drug interdiction and seizures of illicit revenues and assets derived from these
organizations. DEA continues to face evolving challenges in limiting the supply of illicit drugs as
well as reducing drug trafficking across the Southwest border with Mexico into the United States.
DEA plays a key role in the Administration’s Southwest Border Initiative to counter drug-related
border violence, focusing on the convergent threats of illegal drugs, drug-related violence, and
terrorism in the region. DEA also has an active role in the Administration’s Prescription Drug
Abuse Prevention Plan, targeting improper prescribing practices and promoting proper disposal of
unused prescription drugs.
The President’s FY2013 budget request for the DEA includes $2.051 billion, or a proposed 0.8%
increase from the FY2012-enacted appropriation of $2.035 billion. As mentioned above, the
FY2013 request includes a proposal to eliminate the National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC)
and transfer its responsibilities to the DEA. The Senate Committee on Appropriations
recommends $2.051 billion for the DEA, equal to the Administration’s requested amount. The
House Committee on Appropriations recommends $2.044 billion for the DEA, 0.4% more than
the FY2012-enacted appropriation and 0.3% less than both the Administration’s request and the
amount recommended by the Senate Committee on Appropriations.
The FY2013 request for DEA includes approximately $8.0 million and 57 positions to transfer
document and media exploitation functions and the production of strategic intelligence reports
from NDIC to DEA. The recommendation from the Senate Committee on Appropriations as well
as from the House Committee on Appropriations includes approximately $8.0 million for this
purpose.
Congressional Research Service
32

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF)
The ATF enforces federal criminal law related to the manufacture, importation, and distribution of
alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives. ATF works independently and through partnerships
with industry groups; international, state, and local governments; and other federal agencies to
investigate and reduce crime involving firearms and explosives, acts of arson, and illegal
trafficking of alcohol and tobacco products.58 From FY2001 through FY2011, Congress has
increased the direct appropriation for ATF, from $771.0 million to $1.113 billion, a 44.3%
increase. In addition, for FY2010/FY2011, Congress appropriated $37.5 million for ATF in an
FY2010/FY2011 Southwest border supplemental appropriation. If added to the FY2011
appropriation, it brings the total budget authority available to ATF for FY2011 to $1.150 billion.
Congress appropriated $1.152 billion for ATF for FY2012. Both the Senate- and House-reported
bills would provide the same amount as in the request.
For FY2013, the Administration has requested $1.153 billion for ATF. Although this amount
reflects a net increase of about $1.3 million (0.1%), the FY2013 request includes no new budget
enhancements for ATF. Instead, it anticipates over $26.9 million in savings or other offsets in
either contract reductions ($24.8 million) or information technology savings ($2.1 million).
According to the ATF congressional budget submission, the largest portion of the request ($876.5
million, or 76.0%) would be allocated to the firearms budget decision unit. The second largest
portion ($253.7 million, or 22.0%) would be allocated to the arson and explosives budget
decision unit. The remainder ($23.1 million, or 2.0%) would be allocated to the alcohol and
tobacco diversion budget decision unit. By percentage, these allocations are comparable to those
reported by ATF to correspond with the agency’s FY2012-enacted appropriation. Both the Senate
and House committee-approved bills would provide the same amount as requested.
Also of significance, the Administration’s request includes proposals to strip out futurity language
that was inserted into two ATF appropriations riders during the FY2012 appropriations cycle,
making those riders permanent law. The first rider prohibits ATF from consolidating or
centralizing within DOJ the records of firearms acquisitions or dispositions (or any portion
thereof) that federally licensed gun dealers are required by law to maintain. When gun dealers go
out of business, those records are forwarded to ATF. Hence, a second rider prohibits ATF from
electronically searching out-of-business records by name or any personal identification code. For
evidentiary purposes, out-of-business records are maintained on microform. For retrieval and
storage purposes, out-of-business records are maintained in a digital format so that those records
may be searched electronically by firearm serial number, but not by owner or other personal
identifiers. In addition, the Administration’s request would strip out futurity language (inserted for
FY2008 and every year thereafter) included in a controversial ATF appropriations rider known as
the “Tiahrt amendment.”59
Neither the Senate nor House committee-approved bills address these provisions and their futurity
language in the FY2012 appropriation. Hence, they would remain permanent law for FY2013 and
afterwards. The House bill arguably goes in another direction and includes futurity language in

58 For further information, see CRS Report R41206, The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF):
Budget and Operations for FY2011
, by William J. Krouse.
59 For further information, see CRS Report RS22458, Gun Control: Statutory Disclosure Limitations on ATF Firearms
Trace Data and Multiple Handgun Sales Reports
, by William J. Krouse.
Congressional Research Service
33

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

three additional long-standing prohibitions (riders) included in the ATF salaries and expenses
appropriations language. These provisions prohibit ATF from:
• altering the regulatory definition of “curios and relics,”
• requiring federally licensed gun dealers to conduct physical inventories,” or
• revoking a federal firearms license for lack of business activity.
Both the Senate and House bills include a provision that would prohibit ATF from issuing
regulations that would prohibit the importation of certain types of shotguns (§538 and §536). A
similar provision was included in the FY2012 appropriations law. In addition, during House full
committee markup, Representative Rehberg successfully offered an amendment that would
prohibit ATF from requiring multiple long gun sales reports. A similar Rehberg-sponsored
amendment was included in the FY2012 House bill, but it was not enacted.
Since March 2011, much congressional attention has been focused on allegations that DOJ and
ATF officials mishandled a Phoenix, AZ-based gun trafficking investigation known as “Operation
Fast and Furious.” In December 2010, two suspect firearms linked to that investigation were
found at the murder scene of Border Patrol Agent Brian Terry. In January 2010, ATF
whistleblowers contacted Senator Charles Grassley with assertions that suspected gun traffickers
had not been arrested in a timely fashion and, and as a result, a large number of suspect firearms
had not been interdicted and have likely passed into the hands of drug traffickers and other
criminals. The whistleblowers referred to this investigative tactic as “gun walking.” According to
one source, 665 of these firearms have been recovered by law enforcement at crime scenes on
both sides of the border.60 Another 1,355 suspect firearms reportedly remain unaccounted for.
In reaction to Operation Fast and Furious, Congress included a provision (§219) in the DOJ
FY2012 appropriation that reflects a Senate-passed amendment (originally offered by Senator Jon
Cornyn) that prohibits the expenditure of any funding provided under that enacted appropriation
to be used by a federal law enforcement officer to facilitate the transfer of an operable firearm to
a person known to be or suspected of being connected to a drug cartel without that firearm being
continuously monitored or controlled. In its FY2013 DOJ budget submission, the Administration
has proposed dropping the Cornyn language related to “gun walking,” arguing that the prohibition
is not necessary. Despite the Administration’s views on this language, both the Senate- and
House-reported bills include similar language (§217).
Among other fallout from Operation Fast and Furious last year, U.S. Attorney for the District of
Arizona Dennis K. Burke resigned61 and ATF Acting Director Kenneth Melson was reassigned to
the DOJ Office of Legal Policy.62 In Melson’s place, U.S. Attorney for the District of Minnesota
B. Todd Jones was appointed interim acting ATF Director.63 However, Jones is not President
Barack Obama’s nominee for ATF Director.64 The President’s nominee remains Andrew Traver,

60 Pete Yost, “Fast and Furious-Like ‘Gun-Walking’ Probe Mentioned In 2007 Bush Administration Memo,”
Huffington Post, November 4, 2011.
61 Jerry Markon and Sari Horwitz, “ATF Head Removed Amid Furor Over Guns,” Washington Post, August 31, 2011,
p. A01.
62 U.S. Department of Justice, Department of Justice Announces New Acting Director of ATF and Senior Advisor in
the Office of Legal Policy, press release, August 30, 2011.
63 Ibid.
64 Sari Horwitz, “Trying to Steady a Shaken ATF: Acting Director Hopes to Rebuild Morale After Fury Over Tactics in
(continued...)
Congressional Research Service
34

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

the ATF Chicago Special Agent in Charge.65 On September 23, 2011, Representative Lamar
Smith, Chair of the House Committee on the Judiciary sent Attorney General Eric Holder a letter
expressing his continuing concerns about Operation Fast and Furious, as well as the appointment
of an acting ATF director who would be focused on both his duties as ATF acting director and
U.S. Attorney for the District of Minnesota. He cited a provision in the FY2010 Omnibus
Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-117) requires each U.S. Attorney to reside in the district in which he
serves, and questioned how Jones would be able to serve simultaneously in Minnesota as U.S.
Attorney and Washington as ATF acting director. In a similar vein, both the Senate and House
committee-approved bills include provisions that would prohibit any U.S. Attorney from holding
multiple jobs outside of the scope of a U.S. Attorney’s professional duty (§213).
Federal Prison System (Bureau of Prisons, BOP)
The Bureau of Prisons (BOP) was established in 1930 to house federal inmates, to professionalize
the prison service, and to ensure consistent and centralized administration of the federal prison
system.66 The mission of the BOP is to protect society by confining offenders in prisons and
community-based facilities that are safe, humane, cost-efficient, and appropriately secure, and
that provide work and other self-improvement opportunities for inmates so that they can become
productive citizens after they are released.67 The BOP currently operates 117 correctional
facilities across the country.68 The BOP also contracts with Residential Re-entry Centers (RRC)
(i.e., halfway houses) to provide assistance to inmates nearing release.69 RRCs provide inmates

(...continued)
Gun-Trafficking Operation,” Washington Post, September 2, 2011, p. A16.
65 Section 504 of the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-177; March 9, 2006;
120 Stat. 247) requires the ATF Director to be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.
The position of ATF Director, however, has not been filled permanently since August 2006, after ATF Director Carl J.
Truscott resigned due to preliminary findings by the DOJ OIG that he had engaged in questionable expenditures and
management practices while serving as ATF Director. In September 2006, President George W. Bush appointed the
U.S. Attorney for the District of Boston, Michael J. Sullivan, acting ATF Director. Sullivan served in both posts
concurrently. In February 2008, his confirmation as ATF Director was blocked in the Senate, when several Senators
voiced their concern about ATF’s “overly aggressive” enforcement of gun laws and the nominee’s views on such
matters. Sullivan resigned as acting ATF Director on January 20, 2009. Ronnie Carter served as acting Director until
April 2009, when Kenneth Melson was appointed acting Director. In November 2009, Melson was appointed acting
Deputy Director, because the 210-day statutory limit on the acting Director’s tenure had expired. On November 17,
2010, the Obama Administration nominated Andrew Traver, the ATF Special Agent in Charge in Chicago, to be ATF
Director. Because the Senate did not act on this nomination in the 111th Congress, Traver was renominated by the
Administration on January 5, 2011. See U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Inspector General, Oversight and
Review Division, Report of Investigation Concerning Alleged Mismanagement and Misconduct by Carl J. Truscott,
Former Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (October 2006). Jonathan Saltzman,
“Sullivan ATF Confirmation Blocked; La. Senator Objects to Gun-License Stance,” Boston Globe, February 14, 2008,
p. B1. Jonathan Saltzman, “US Attorney To Resign Sooner Than Expected: List of Finalists for Post Not Yet Sent To
Obama,” Boston Globe, April 16, 2009, p. 2. Andrew Ramanos, “Senate Returns ATF Nomination to White House,”
Main Justice: Politics, Policy and the Law, December 23, 2010. The White House, Office of the Press Secretary,
“Presidential Nominations Sent to the Senate,” January 5, 2011.
66 U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Prisons, About the Bureau of Prisons, http://www.bop.gov/about/index.jsp.
67 U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Prisons, Mission and Vision of the Bureau of Prisons, http://www.bop.gov/
about/mission.jsp.
68 U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Prisons, About the Bureau of Prisons, http://www.bop.gov/about/index.jsp.
69 U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Prisons, Community Corrections, http://www.bop.gov/locations/cc/index.jsp.
Congressional Research Service
35

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

with a structured and supervised environment along with employment counseling, job placement
services, financial management assistance, and other programs and services.70
Congress funds the BOP’s operations through two accounts under the Federal Prison System
heading: Salaries and Expenses (S&E) and Buildings and Facilities (B&F). The S&E account
(i.e., the operating budget) provides for the custody and care of federal inmates and for the daily
maintenance and operations of correctional facilities, regional offices, and BOP’s central office in
Washington, DC. It also provides funding for the incarceration of federal inmates in state, local,
and private facilities. The B&F account (i.e., the capital budget) provides funding for the
construction of new facilities and the modernization, repair, and expansion of existing facilities.
In addition to appropriations for the S&E and B&F accounts, Congress usually places a cap on
the amount of revenue generated by the Federal Prison Industries (FPI)71 that can be used for
administrative expenses in the annual CJS appropriations bill. Although Congress does not
appropriate funding for the administrative expenses of FPI, the administrative expenses cap is
scored as enacted budget authority.
For FY2013, the Administration requests a total of $6.922 billion for the BOP, an amount that is
$278.1 million, or 4.2%, greater than the FY2012 appropriation of $6.644 billion. Within the total
requested for the BOP, $6.82 billion is for the S&E account, a proposed 4.1% increase over the
FY2012 appropriation of $6.551 billion. The Administration also requested $99.2 million for the
B&F account, a proposed 10.2% increase compared to the FY2012 appropriation of $90.0
million.
The Senate Committee-reported amount for the BOP is $6.922 billion, an amount that is 4.2%
than the FY2012 appropriation and the same as the Administration’s request. The Senate
Committee-reported amount includes $6.820 billion for the S&E account (4.1% more than the
FY2012 appropriation and the same as the Administration’s request) and $99.2 million for the
B&F account (10.2% more than the FY2012 appropriation and the same as the Administration’s
request).
The House Committee on Appropriations recommends $6.913 billion for the BOP. This amount is
4.0% more than the FY2012 appropriation, but it is 0.1% less than both the Administration’s
request and the Senate Committee-reported amount. The committee’s recommendation includes
$6.820 billion for the S&E account (4.1% more than the FY2012 appropriation and the same as
the Administration’s request) and $90.0 million for the B&F account (the same as the FY2012
appropriation and 9.3% than both the Administration’s request and the Senate Committee-
reported amount).
One issue Congress might consider is whether the BOP has adequate resources, both in terms of
personnel and infrastructure, to properly manage the burgeoning federal prison population. Prison
population growth and prison crowding continue to be a major concern for the BOP. The number
of inmates held in BOP facilities grew from 125,560 in FY2000 to 177,934 in FY2011.72 During
that same time period, prison crowding grew from 32% over rated capacity to 39% over rated
capacity, even though the number of facilities operated by BOP increased from 97 to 117.73 The

70 Ibid.
71 For more information on FPI, see CRS Report RL32380, Federal Prison Industries, by Nathan James.
72 Data provided to CRS from the U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Prisons.
73 Ibid.
Congressional Research Service
36

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

BOP estimates that by FY2013 the federal prison system will be operating at 43% over rated
capacity.74 The growing federal prison population has not only resulted in more crowded prisons,
but it has also strained the BOP’s ability to properly manage and care for federal inmates. The
BOP reports that the staff-to-inmate ratio has increased from 3.57 to 1 in FY1997 to 4.94 to 1 in
FY2011.75 As a point of comparison, in FY2009 the five states with the highest prison
populations had an average inmate-to-staff ratio of 3.1 to 1.76 The growing federal prison
population has also required the BOP to dedicate more resources to caring (e.g., providing health
care, food, and clothing) and providing programming (e.g., substance abuse treatment,
educational programming, and work/vocational opportunities) for inmates. In addition, the
Second Chance Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-199) required BOP to develop comprehensive reentry
planning for federal inmates.
Office on Violence Against Women (OVW)
The Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) was created to administer programs created
under the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) of 1994 and subsequent legislation. These
programs provide financial and technical assistance to communities around the country to
facilitate the creation of programs, policies, and practices designed to improve criminal justice
responses related to domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking.
The President’s FY2013 budget request for OVW includes $412.5 million (see Table 5). This
amount is equal to the FY2012-enacted appropriation. The FY2012 request differs from the
FY2012-enacted appropriation in that it requests funding from two separate sources. Of the
requested $412.5 million for OVW, $268.0 million is requested within the appropriation for
OVW, and $144.5 million is requested under the Crime Victims Fund. A description of the Crime
Victims Fund is provided below. The Senate Committee on Appropriations as well as the House
Committee on Appropriations both reject the Administration’s proposal to fund OVW programs
through the Crime Victims Fund. The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends $412.5
million for OVW, equal to the Administration’s requested amount. The House Committee on
Appropriations recommends $415.0 million, 0.6% more than FY2012-enacted appropriation, the
Administration’s request, and the Senate Committee-reported amount.
Table 5. Funding for OVW Programs
(budget authority in millions of dollars)
Senate
House
FY2012
FY2013
Committee-
Committee-
FY2013
Program
Enacted
Request
Reported
Reported
Enacted
STOP Grants
$189.0
$189.0a $189.0 $189.0
Research and Evaluation on Violence
Against Women
3.0
3.0 3.0 3.5
Transitional Housing Assistance
25.0
22.0 25.0 25.0
Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies
50.0
50.0 50.0 50.0

74 U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Prisons, FY2013 Performance Budget, Congressional Submission, Salaries
and Expenses
, p. 2, http://www.justice.gov/jmd/2013justification/pdf/fy13-bop-se-justification.pdf.
75 Ibid., p. 7.
76 Ibid., p. 6.
Congressional Research Service
37

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Senate
House
FY2012
FY2013
Committee-
Committee-
FY2013
Program
Enacted
Request
Reported
Reported
Enacted
Homicide Reduction Initiative
4.0
— 4.0 —
Rural Domestic Violence Assistance Grants
34.0
37.5 35.0 36.5
Violence on Col ege Campuses
9.0
9.0 9.0 9.0
Civil Legal Assistance
41.0
41.0 39.0 41.0
Sexual Assault Victims Services
23.0
23.0 25.0 23.0
Elder Abuse Grant Program
4.3
4.3 4.3 4.3
Safe Havens Project
11.5
11.5 —
11.5
Education and Training for Disabled Female
Victims 5.8
5.8 5.8 5.8
Court Training and Improvement
4.5
4.5 — 4.5
Research on Violence Against Indian
Women
1.0
1.0 1.0 1.0
Consolidated Youth Oriented Program
10.0
10.0 10.0 10.0
National Resource Center on Workplace
Responses 1.0
0.5 1.0 0.5
Indian Country Sexual Assault
Clearinghouse 0.5
0.5 0.2 0.5
Family Civil Justice Program

— 15.0 —
Total: OVW
412.5
412.5 412.5 415.0
Source: FY2012-enacted amounts were taken from the conference report for the Consolidated and Further
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012 (P.L. 112-55, H.Rept. 112-284). FY2013-requested and Senate Committee-
reported amounts were taken from S.Rept. 112-158. House Committee-reported amounts were taken from
H.Rept. 112-463.
Note: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding.
a. The Administration’s FY2013 budget request includes a proposal to provide an additional $144.5 mil ion
from the Crime Victims Fund for STOP grants.
Office of Justice Programs (OJP)
The Office of Justice Programs (OJP) manages and coordinates the National Institute of Justice,
Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of
Victims of Crimes, Bureau of Justice Assistance, and related grant programs. For FY2013, the
Administration requests $1.461 billion for OJP, a proposed 9.6% increase compared to the
FY2012-enacted appropriation of $1.616 billion. However, this amount includes $220.5 million
that the Administration proposes to move from the Crime Victims Fund to the State and Local
Law Enforcement Assistance and Juvenile Justice Programs accounts.
The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends a total of $1.541 billion for OJP. This
amount is 4.6% below the FY2012 appropriation, but 5.5% greater than the Administration’s
request. The committee chose to reject the Administration’s request to transfer funds from the
Crime Victims Fund to the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance and Juvenile Justice
Programs accounts.
Congressional Research Service
38

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

The House Committee-reported amount for OJP is $1.362 billion, an amount that is 15.7% below
the FY2012 appropriation, 6.8% below the Administration’s request, and 11.6% less than the
Senate Committee-reported amount. Like the Senate Committee on Appropriations, the
committee chose to reject the Administration’s proposal to use receipts from the Crime Victims
Fund for discretionary grant programs under OJP.
One issue Congress might consider as it debates FY2013 funding for OJP is whether to reduce
funding for some or all grant programs. Proposals to reduce or eliminate funding for DOJ grant
programs have stirred some measure of controversy. In general, opponents of cuts assert that
these grant programs provide assistance to state and local governments to fight crime and provide
for the safety of the American populace and this aid is needed more now than ever given that
many states are facing budget shortfalls. Proponents for cuts to DOJ grant programs argue that
states are responsible for the administration of their criminal justice systems and it is not the
federal government’s role to support state efforts to investigate crimes and prosecute and sanction
offenders, especially at a time when the federal government is borrowing to finance the annual
budget.
Another issue Congress might consider is whether to accept the Administration’s proposal to use
receipts from the Crime Victims Fund to fund several grant programs (e.g., DNA backlog
reduction programs, grants for victims of trafficking, and grants to assist with the implementation
of the Adam Walsh Act) that received a direct appropriation for FY2012 (see Table 7). The
implications of the Administration’s proposal are discussed in more detail below.
Research, Evaluation, and Statistics
The Research, Evaluation, and Statistics account (formerly the Justice Assistance account),
among other things, funds the operations of the Bureau of Justice Statistics and the National
Institute of Justice. The Administration requests $136.0 million for the Research, Evaluation, and
Statistics account for FY2013, an amount that is 20.4% more than the FY2012-enacted
appropriation of $113.0 million. The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends $126.0
million for this account, an amount that is 11.5% more than the FY2012 appropriation, but 7.4%
more than the Administration’s request. The House Committee-reported amount for this account
is $112.0 million. The House Committee-reported amount is 0.9% less than the FY2012
appropriation, 17.6% less than the Administration’s request, and 11.1% less than the Senate
Committee-reported amount.
Congressional Research Service
39

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Table 6. Funding for Research, Evaluation, and Statistics
(budget authority in millions of dollars)
Senate
House
FY2012
FY2013
Committee-
Committee-
FY2013
Program
Enacted
Request
Reported
Reported
Enacted
Bureau of Justice Statistics
$45.0
$60.0
$50.0
$45.0

National Institute of Justice
40.0
48.0
45.0
40.0

Regional Information Sharing System
27.0
27.0
30.0
27.0

Evaluation Clearinghouse
1.0
1.0
1.0


Total: Justice Assistance
113.0
136.0
126.0
112.0

Source: FY2012-enacted amounts were taken from the conference report for the Consolidated and Further
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012 (P.L. 112-55, H.Rept. 112-284). FY2013-requested and Senate Committee-
reported amounts were taken from S.Rept. 112-158. House Committee-reported amounts were taken from
H.Rept. 112-463.
Note: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding.
State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance
The State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account includes funding for a variety of grant
programs to improve the functioning of state, local, and tribal criminal justice systems. Some
examples of programs that have traditionally been funded under this account include the Edward
Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) program, the Drug Courts program, the State
Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP), and DNA backlog reduction grants. The
Administration requests $1.002 billion for FY2013, which would be 13.8% below the FY2012-
enacted appropriation of $1.163 billion. As a part of the FY2013 budget request for the State and
Local Law Enforcement Assistance account, the Administration proposes to use $220.5 million
from the Crime Victims Fund to supplement a $781.5 million direct appropriation for the account.
The $220.5 million from the Crime Victims Fund would be used to fund grants for victims of
trafficking ($10.5 million), reducing DNA backlogs ($100.0 million), children exposed to
violence ($23.0 million), implementation of the Adam Walsh Act ($20.0 million), and missing
and exploited children programs ($67.0 million).
The Senate Committee-reported amount for the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance
account is $1.059 billion, an amount that is 8.9% below the FY2012 appropriation, but 5.7%
above the Administration’s request. The committee chose not to approve the Administration’s
proposal to transfer funding from the Crime Victims Fund to the State and Local Law
Enforcement Assistance account to fund several different grant programs.
The House Committee on Appropriations recommends $962.5 million for the State and Local
Law Enforcement Assistance account. The committee’s proposal is 17.2% below the FY2012
appropriation, 3.9% below the Administration’s request, and 9.1% less than the amount approved
by the Senate Committee on Appropriations. Like the Senate Committee on Appropriations, the
committee did not accept the Administration’s proposal to use receipts from the Crime Victims
Fund to fund discretionary grant programs under the State and Local Law Enforcement
Assistance account.
Congressional Research Service
40

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Table 7. Funding for State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Programs
(budget authority in millions of dollars)
Senate
House
FY2012
FY2013
Committee-
Committee-
FY2013
Program
Enacted
Request
Reported
Reported
Enacted
Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance
Grants
$470.0 $430.0
$392.4
$370.0

State and Local Intelligence Training
2.0 2.0
2.0


Domestic Radicalization Research
4.0 —

4.0

Criminal Justice Reform and
Recidivism Reduction
6.0 6.0
6.0


Presidential Nominating Convention
Security
100.0 —



State and Local Assistance Help
Desk and Diagnostic Center
4.0 4.0
4.0


VALOR Initiative
2.0 5.0
5.0
5.0

Byrne Competitive Grants
15.0 25.0
18.0
20.0

John R. Justice Grant Program
4.0

4.0 —
Tribal Assistance
38.0

35.0 38.0
State Criminal Alien Assistance Program
240.0 70.0
255.0 165.0

Border Prosecution Initiatives
10.0 — 10.0


Victims of Trafficking Grants
10.5 10.5a 10.5 13.5
Residential Substance Abuse Treatment
10.0 21.0
10.0
15.0

Mentally Ill Offenders Act
9.0 —
9.0
9.0

Drug Courts
35.0 — 35.0 41.0

Drug and Mental Health Courts
— 52.0



Veterans’ Treatment Courts
— —

4.0

Prescription Drug Monitoring
7.0 7.0

7.0

Prison Rape Prevention and Prosecution
12.5 10.5

12.5

Capital Litigation/ Wrongful Conviction
Review
3.0 2.0
3.0
1.0

Missing Alzheimer’s Patient Grants
1.0 —

1.0

Economic, High-tech and Cybercrime
Prevention
7.0 15.0

7.0

CASA-Special Advocates
4.5 —
6.0
4.5

Second Chance Act
63.0 80.0
25.0
70.0

Violent Gang and Gun Crime Reduction
5.0 5.0
5.0


National Instant Criminal Background
Check System Grants
5.0 5.0
7.0 12.0

National Criminal History Improvement
Program (NCHIP)
6.0 6.0
6.0
6.0

Paul Coverdell Forensic Science Grants
12.0 — 12.0


Implementation of the Adam Walsh Act
20.0 20.0b 20.0 20.0
Congressional Research Service
41

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Senate
House
FY2012
FY2013
Committee-
Committee-
FY2013
Program
Enacted
Request
Reported
Reported
Enacted
Programs for Children Exposed to
Violence
10.0 23.0c — —
Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation
Program
15.0 20.0
20.0


Review of Criminal Justice Systems
Policies and Strategies
2.0 —
National Sex Offender Public Website
1.0 1.0
1.0
1.0

Bulletproof Vests Grant Program
24.0 24.0
24.0
20.0

DNA Backlog Reduction
125.0
100.0d 125.0 125.0
Debbie Smith DNA Backlog Grants
117.0

117.0
117.0

Post-conviction DNA Testing
Grants 4.0

4.0
4.0

Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners
4.0

4.0
4.0

Justice Information Sharing and
Technology Program

8.0



Missing and Exploited Children Programs
—e 67.0f — —
Total: State and Local Law
Enforcement

1,162.5 1,002.0
1,058.9
962.5

Source: FY2012-enacted amounts were taken from the conference report for the Consolidated and Further
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012 (P.L. 112-55, H.Rept. 112-284). FY2013-requested and Senate Committee-
reported amounts were taken from S.Rept. 112-158. House Committee-reported amounts were taken from
H.Rept. 112-463.
Note: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding.
a. The Administration’s FY2013 budget request includes a proposal to provide $10.5 million from the Crime
Victims Fund for victims of trafficking grants.
b. The Administration’s FY2013 budget request includes a proposal to provide $20.0 million from the Crime
Victims Fund for implementation of the Adam Walsh Act.
c. The Administration’s FY2013 budget request includes a proposal to provide $23.0 million from the Crime
Victims Fund for programs for children exposed to violence.
d. The Administration’s FY2013 budget request includes a proposal to provide $100.0 million from the Crime
Victims Fund for DNA backlog reduction grants.
e. See Table 8.
f.
The Administration’s FY2013 budget request includes a proposal to provide $67.0 million from the Crime
Victims Fund for missing and exploited children programs.
Juvenile Justice Programs
The Juvenile Justice Programs account includes funding for grant programs to reduce juvenile
delinquency and help state, local, and tribal governments improve the functioning of their
juvenile justice systems.
For FY2013, the Administration requests $245.0 million for juvenile justice funding. This is
$17.5 million (6.7%) below the FY2012-enacted appropriation of $262.5 million. The Senate
Committee on Appropriations recommends $278.0 million for FY2013 juvenile justice funding.
This is 5.9% more than the FY2012-enacted appropriation and 13.5% more than the amount
Congressional Research Service
42

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

requested by the Administration. The House Committee on Appropriations recommends $209.5
million for juvenile justice funding. This is 20.2% less than the FY2012-enacted appropriation,
14.5% less than the Administration’s FY2013 request, and 24.6% less than the amount
recommended by the Senate Committee on Appropriations.
Table 8. Funding for Juvenile Justice Programs
(budget authority in millions of dollars)
Senate
House
FY2012
FY2013
Committee-
Committee-
FY2013
Program
Enacted
Request
Reported
Reported
Enacted
Part B—State Formula
$40.0 $70.0 $55.0 $33.0

Emergency Planning—Juvenile
Detention Facilities
— — 0.5 —
Youth Mentoring Grants
78.0 58.0 61.0 90.0

Title V—Incentive Grants
20.0 40.0 30.0


Tribal Youth
10.0 — 10.0 —
Gang Prevention
5.0 — 5.0 —
Alcohol Use Prevention
5.0 — 10.0 —
Incentive Grants
— — 5.0 —
Investigation and Prosecution of Child
Abuse Programs
18.0 — 19.0 18.0
Juvenile Accountability Block Grants
30.0 30.0 30.0


Community-based Violence
Prevention Initiative
8.0 25.0 14.0


Training for Judicial Personnel
1.5 — 2.0 1.5
Missing and Exploited Children
Programs
65.0 —a 65.0 67.0
National Forum on Youth Violence
Prevention
2.0 2.0 2.0 —
Evidence-based Competitive Juvenile
Justice Demonstration Grant Program
— 20.0



Total: Juvenile Justice Programs
262.5 245.0 278.0 209.5

Source: FY2012-enacted amounts were taken from the conference report for the Consolidated and Further
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012 (P.L. 112-55, H.Rept. 112-284). FY2013-requested and Senate Committee-
reported amounts were taken from S.Rept. 112-158. House Committee-reported amounts were taken from
H.Rept. 112-463.
Note: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding.
a. See Table 7.
Public Safety Officers Benefits Program (PSOB)
The Public Safety Officers Benefits (PSOB) program provides three different types of benefits to
public safety officers and their survivors: death, disability, and education. The PSOB program is
intended to assist in the recruitment and retention of law enforcement officers, firefighters, and
first responders and to offer peace of mind to men and women who choose careers in public
safety. For FY2013, the Administration requests $78.3 million for PSOB, the same as the FY2012
Congressional Research Service
43

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

appropriation of $78.3 million. The House and Senate Committee-approved bills would provide
$78.3 million for PSOB, the same as the Administration’s request.
Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)
The Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Office awards grants to state, local, and
tribal law enforcement agencies throughout the United States so they can hire and train law
enforcement officers to participate in community policing, purchase and deploy new crime-
fighting technologies, and develop and test new and innovative policing strategies. Overall
appropriations for the COPS account decreased between FY2011 and FY2012, but this was the
result of Congress moving funding from the COPS account to the State and Local Law
Enforcement Assistance account.77 The Administration’s FY2013 request mirrors the newly
established structure for the COPS account. The Administration’s FY2013 request for the COPS
account is $289.6 million, which is 45.9% more than the FY2012 appropriation of $198.5 million.
The proposed increase in funding for the account is almost solely because the Administration
requests increased funding for the COPS hiring program. The Senate Committee-reported amount
for COPS is $247.5 million, an amount that is 24.7% greater than the FY2012 appropriation, but
14.5% less than the Administration’s request. The House Committee-reported amount for COPS
is $72.5 million, an amount that is 63.5% less than the FY2012 appropriation, 75.0% less than the
Administration’s request, and 70.7% less than the Senate Committee-reported amount.
Table 9. Funding for Community Oriented Policing Services Programs
(budget authority in millions of dollars)
Senate
House
FY2012
FY2013
Committee-
Committee-
FY2013
Program
Enacted
Request
Reported
Reported
Enacted
COPS Hiring Program
$166.0
$257.1
$215.0
$40.0

Transfer to the Tribal Resources
Grant Program
15.0
15.0
15.0


Transfer for Community Policing
Development 10.0
15.0
10.0


Transfer to the Drug Enforcement
Administration for Clandestine
Methamphetamine Lab Clean-up
12.5

12.5
12.5

Anti-methamphetamine grants

12.5



Tribal Resources Grant Program
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

Total: Community Oriented
Policing Services

198.5
289.6
247.5
72.5

Source: FY2012-enacted amounts were taken from the conference report for the Consolidated and Further
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012 (P.L. 112-55, H.Rept. 112-284). FY2013-requested and Senate Committee-
reported amounts were taken from S.Rept. 112-158. House Committee-reported amounts were taken from
H.Rept. 112-463.

77 For a discussion of how Congress moved funding for grant programs that were traditionally funded under the COPS
account to the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account, see CRS Report R41721, Commerce, Justice,
Science, and Related Agencies: FY2012 Appropriations
, coordinated by Nathan James, Jennifer D. Williams, and John
F. Sargent Jr.
Congressional Research Service
44

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Note: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding.
The Administration, as a part of its $289.6 million request for COPS for FY2013, requests $227.1
million for the COPS hiring program, compared to the $141.0 million Congress appropriated for
the same purpose for FY2012. The Senate Committee-approved bill would provide $190.0
million for hiring programs while the House Committee-approved bill would provide $40.0
million for hiring programs. Given the recent recession, many local governments are facing
budget crunches due to decreasing revenue. Data from the COPS Office indicates that there is a
demand for funding to hire or retain police officers. The COPS Office reported that it received
nearly 7,300 applications requesting a total of $8.3 billion to fund the hiring or retention of
39,000 police officers when it opened a solicitation to award the $1.0 billion it received under the
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5).78 The COPS Office used the
$298.0 million Congress appropriated for hiring programs for FY2010 to award grants to the
more than 6,100 agencies that applied for stimulus funding but did not receive awards.79 For
FY2011, the COPS Office received $246.8 million for its hiring program, which it used to fund
the hiring or retention of more than 1,000 police officers.80 Yet, the COPS Office reported that
when it opened the grant solicitation for FY2011 hiring funds, it received 2,700 applications
requesting $2 billion for nearly 9,000 positions.81 However, as discussed above, there has been
debate about funding for nonsecurity discretionary spending, and if Congress chooses to reduce
funding for DOJ, appropriations for some programs will have to be reduced or eliminated.
Opponents of continuing funding for the COPS hiring program assert that law enforcement is
largely the providence of state and local governments; therefore, they should be responsible for
paying the salaries of police officers. Proponents of continuing funding for the program argue that
there is a national interest in providing for the safety and security of U.S. citizens; hence,
Congress should help state and local governments hire new police officers.
The Crime Victims Fund
The Crime Victims Fund (CVF) was established by the Victims of Crime Act of 1984 (P.L. 98-
473, VOCA). It is administered by the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC), and provides funding
to the states and territories for victim compensation and assistance programs. This account does
not receive appropriations (thus the amount for the CVF is not included in Table 4) but instead is
largely funded by criminal fines, forfeited bail bonds, penalties, and special assessments that are
collected by U.S. Attorneys’ Offices, U.S. courts, and the BOP.82
In FY2000, Congress established a cap on the amount of funds that would be available for
distribution in a fiscal year. Each year, Congress determines the CVF cap as a part of the
appropriations for DOJ. The remaining balance in the CVF is carried over and remains in the

78 U.S. Department of Justice, Community Oriented Policing Services Office, 2009 COPS Hiring Recovery Program
Post-award Frequently Asked Questions
, http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/Default.asp?Item=2265.
79 U.S. Department of Justice, Community Oriented Policing Services, COPS Hiring Program (CHP), Background and
Award Methodology
, http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/Default.asp?Item=2552.
80 Department of Justice, Community Oriented Policing Services Office, “U.S. Department of Justice COPS Office
Awards Over $243 Million to Hire New Officers,” press release, September 28, 2011, http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/
Default.asp?Item=2600.
81 Ibid.
82 U.S. Department of Justice, Office for Victims of Crime, About OVC, Crime Victims Fund,
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/about/victimsfund.html.
Congressional Research Service
45

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

account each year. In FY2012, the cap was $705.0 million, while the remaining balance in the
fund was $6.099 billion.83
For FY2013, the Administration requests to raise the CVF cap by $365.0 million to a total of
$1.07 billion.84 The Administration specifies that the additional $365.0 million be transferred to
other accounts administered by DOJ, including OVW and OJP (see above).85 As mentioned
above, both the Senate Committee on Appropriations and the House Committee on
Appropriations reject the Administration’s proposal to fund OVW and OJP programs through the
CVF. The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends a $775.0 million cap on the CFV for
FY2013. This amount would be 9.9% greater than the FY2012 cap and 27.6% less than the
Administration’s request. The House Committee on Appropriations would set the CVF cap at
$720.0 million, a 2.1% increase over FY2012 cap, but 32.7% less than the Administration’s
request and 7.1% less than the Senate Committee-recommended amount.
One issue Congress might consider is whether to accept the Administration’s proposal to use
receipts from the CVF to fund grant programs that are not authorized by the VOCA. In the past,
Congress has passed legislation that made CVF money available to support programs authorized
outside of VOCA.86 For example, P.L. 110-181 included a provision mandating that the Attorney
General transfer from the emergency reserve of the CVF “such funds as may be required” to
cover the costs of special masters appointed by U.S. district courts in civil cases brought against
state sponsors of terrorism. Thus far, CVF money has not been used to fund grant programs
outside of those authorized by the VOCA. While it could be argued that many of the non-VOCA
grant programs the Administration proposes to fund with receipts from the CVF would assist
crime victims in some manner, the Administration’s proposal raises a question about whether this
might pave the way for the CVF to be used to support other DOJ grant programs that might not
be victim-focused. On the other hand, as mentioned above, the CVF has a balance of more than
$6.0 billion, which indicates that receipts to the fund are exceeding the congressionally specified
cap. In a time of tight budgets, the CVF might provide an avenue to fund some DOJ grant
programs while reducing DOJ’s discretionary appropriation. However, there is no guarantee that
receipts going into the CVF will be consistent from one year to the next. Therefore, if Congress
chooses to use funding from the CVF for non-VOCA programs, it is not possible to ensure that
there will be a consistent level of funding to support these programs.
Science Agencies87
The Science Agencies fund and otherwise support research and development (R&D) and related
activities across a wide variety of federal missions, including national competitiveness, climate
change, energy and the environment, and fundamental discovery.

83 See the appendix of the Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2013.
84 U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Justice Programs Budget Request At a Glance,
http://www.justice.gov/jmd/2013summary/pdf/fy13-ojp-bud-summary.pdf.
85 Account information taken from the appendix of the Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2013.
86 For expenditure guidelines, see 42 USC §10601(d).
87 This section was coordinated by John F. Sargent, Jr., Specialist in Science and Technology Policy, CRS Resources,
Science, and Industry Division.
Congressional Research Service
46

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

FY2012 and FY2013 Appropriations
The FY2012-enacted appropriation for the science agencies was $24.838 billion. For FY2013, the
Administration requests $25.090 billion for the science agencies, an increase of $252.8 million
(1.0%) above the FY2012 enacted level. The Senate Committee on Appropriations-reported bill
would provide $26.679 billion for the science agencies, $1.841 billion (7.4%) more than the
FY2012 enacted level and $1.588 billion (6.3%) more than the request. The House Committee on
Appropriations reported bill would provide $24.912 billion, $74.6 million (0.3%) more than the
FY2012 enacted level, $178.2 million (-0.7%) less than the FY2013 request, and $1.766 billion
(-6.6%) less than the Senate committee-reported level.
Table 10. Funding for Science Agencies
(budget authority in millions of dollars)
Senate
House
FY2012
FY2013
Committee-
Committee-
FY2013
Accounts
Enacted
Request
Reported
Reported
Enacted
Office of Science and
Technology Policy
$4.5
$5.9
$5.9
$5.9

National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
17,800.0
17,711.4
19,399.6
17,573.8

National Science Foundation
7,033.1
7,373.1
7,273.1
7,332.5

Total:
Science
Agencies 24,837.6 25,090.4 26,678.6 24,912.2

Source: FY2012-enacted amounts were taken from the conference report for the Consolidated and Further
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012 (P.L. 112-55, H.Rept. 112-284). FY2013-requested and Senate Committee-
reported amounts were taken from S.Rept. 112-158. House Committee-reported amounts were taken from
H.R. 5326 and H.Rept. 112-463.
Note: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding.
Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)88
Congress established the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) through the National
Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-282). The act
states that “the primary function of the OSTP director is to provide, within the Executive Office
of the President, advice on the scientific, engineering, and technological aspects of issues that
require attention at the highest level of Government.” The OSTP director, often referred to
informally as the President’s science advisor, also manages the National Science and Technology
Council (NSTC),89 which coordinates science and technology policy across the federal
government, and co-chairs the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
(PCAST),90 a council of external advisors that provides advice to the President on matters related

88 This section was prepared by Dana A. Shea, Specialist in Science and Technology Policy, Resources, Science, and
Industry Division.
89 The National Science and Technology Council was established by Executive Order 12881.
90 The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology was established by Executive Order 13539.
Congressional Research Service
47

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

to science and technology policy. OSTP is one of two offices in the Executive Office of the
President (EOP) that is funded in the CJS appropriations bill.91
In FY2011, Congress sought to restrict OSTP from engaging in certain activities with China or
any Chinese-owned company by prohibiting the use of appropriated funds for these activities
(P.L. 112-10). The OSTP expended a portion of its FY2011 appropriation to engage in activities
with China that Congress sought to proscribe. The Department of Justice and OSTP asserted that
this congressional effort infringed upon the President’s constitutional authority to conduct foreign
diplomacy. In contrast, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) concluded that OSTP
violated the Antideficiency Act, though it did not speak to the constitutional issue.92 Congress
enacted a similar restriction for FY2012 (P.L. 112-55), though it allows OSTP to proceed with
activities that it certifies pose no risk of transferring technology or information with security
implications to China. Such certification must be submitted to the House and Senate Committees
at least 14 days prior to the activity in question. Congress may continue its interest in the debate
over its ability to restrict the activities of OSTP.
For FY2013, the Administration requests $5.9 million, $1.4 million (30.0%) above its FY2012-
enacted level. The request would “restore funding to levels that will enable OSTP to carry out its
significant national security emergency preparedness communications responsibilities that must
be performed in times of national crisis,” and support four Senate-confirmed associate directors.93
The National Science Foundation again requests FY2013 funding for the Science and Technology
Policy Institute (STPI, $3.1 million, unchanged from FY2012), a federally funded research and
development center that supports OSTP. FY2012-enacted appropriations for OSTP were $4.5
million and for STPI were $3.1 million.
For FY2013, the Senate Committee on Appropriations would provide $5.9 million, $1.4 million
(30.0%) above the FY2012-enacted level, and the same as the Administration’s request. The
Senate committee report would direct OSTP to report within 60 days of enactment on OSTP and
other federal agency actions to avoid duplication in federal Science, Technology, Engineering,
and Mathematics [STEM] education programs. This report would list programs targeted for
elimination, consolidation, or joint administration, along with steps agencies will take to evaluate
the effectiveness of STEM education programs.
For FY2013, the House Committee on Appropriations would provide $5.9 million, $1.4 million
(30.0%) above the FY2012-enacted level, the same as the Senate Committee on Appropriations,
and the same as the Administration’s request. Section 534 of the House bill also contains
language similar to that in P.L. 112-55 regarding activities with China and Chinese-owned
companies and would allow such activities if OSTP certifies such activities pose no risk of
transferring technology or information with security implications. The House report states the
committee’s continued interest in the dissemination of effective STEM education practices and
would direct OSTP to inform the committee of continuing development of a dissemination
strategy for STEM education practices and how this dissemination strategy supports the goal and

91 The other EOP office funded under the CJS appropriations bill is the Office of the United States Trade
Representative.
92 U.S. Government Accountability Office, Office of Science and Technology Policy—Bilateral Activities with China,
B-321982, October 11, 2011.
93 Executive Office of the President, Executive Office of the President, FY2013 Congressional Budget Submission,
February 2012, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/2013-eop-budget1.pdf.
Congressional Research Service
48

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

intentions of a “one-stop” source for STEM education research information. The House report
also expresses the committee’s support for transferring administrative support of PCAST from
OSTP to the Department of Energy and would direct OSTP to notify the committee of any
problems arising from the transfer. The House report additionally expresses the committee’s
support of OSTP efforts to solicit public and other comment on public access to publications
arising from federally funded research and would direct OSTP to report semiannually on progress
in coordinating agencies’ policies in this area. Finally, the House report would encourage OSTP to
ensure sufficient investments are made through the National Nanotechnology Initiative and
related efforts to meet National Research Council recommendations for research priorities, tools,
and approaches to address the potential environmental, health, and safety risks of engineered
nanomaterials.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)94
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was created by the 1958 National
Aeronautics and Space Act (P.L. 85-568) to conduct civilian space and aeronautics activities. The
agency is managed from headquarters in Washington, DC. It has nine major field centers around
the country, plus the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is operated under contract by the California
Institute of Technology.
The Administration has requested $17.711 billion for NASA for FY2013. This is 0.5% less than
the FY2012 appropriation of $17.800 billion and 11.3% less than the $19.960 billion authorized
for FY2013 in the NASA Authorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-267).95 If enacted, the FY2013
request would be the smallest appropriation for NASA since FY2008. The Senate committee
recommended $19.400 billion. Most of the Senate committee’s increase resulted from a transfer
of satellite acquisition funding from NOAA to NASA. The House committee recommended
$17.574 billion. See Table 11 for a breakdown of these amounts by appropriations account. The
shortfall in total NASA funding relative to the authorization act may raise questions about the
feasibility of the human spaceflight program established by that act, as well as about the potential
impact of human spaceflight’s funding needs on funding for other NASA programs, such as
science, aeronautics, and education.
The Administration’s $4.911 billion request for NASA’s Science account in FY2012 is 3.5% less
than the FY2012 appropriation. Funding for planetary science would decrease $308.1 million
(-20.5%). Most of that proposed reduction is in the Mars exploration program, whose costs are
reduced by the launch of the Mars Science Laboratory in November 2011, the planned launch of
the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN) in 2013, and the termination of
NASA’s participation (with the European Space Agency) in the 2016 and 2018 ExoMars sample
return missions. NASA is developing a new Mars exploration strategy that will integrate robotic
missions funded by the Science account with human spaceflight and technology development
activities in other accounts. Also in Science, funding for the James Webb Space Telescope
(JWST) would increase $98.0 million (18.5%). Following an independent review of JWST in
October 2010, NASA developed a revised plan for the program in 2011. In the FY2012

94 This section was prepared by Daniel Morgan, Specialist in Science and Technology Policy, Resources, Science, and
Industry Division.
95 The Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012 (P.L. 112-55) rescinded $30.0 million from
NASA funds provided in prior years. When the FY2012 appropriation is reduced by this rescission, the FY2013 request
is 0.3% less than the net FY2012 amount.
Congressional Research Service
49

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

appropriations conference report, Congress capped the formulation and development cost of
JWST and mandated annual reports on the program by the Government Accountability Office.
The Senate committee recommended $5.021 billion for Science, or $110 million more than the
request, including an increase of $100 million for Mars Exploration. The House committee
recommended $5.095 billion, or $184 million more than the request, including an increase of $88
million for a future Mars sample return mission. If NASA’s new Mars strategy does not include a
sample return mission, the House committee stated that the $88 million should instead be devoted
to a mission to Jupiter’s moon Europa.
The request for Aeronautics is $551.5 million, a decrease of 3.2% from FY2012. Research on
hypersonic entry, descent, and landing would be transferred to the Space Technology account, and
most funding for air-breathing hypersonic flight systems would be eliminated. The hypersonic
research remaining in the Aeronautics program would be combined with supersonic research to
create a single project focusing on high-speed flight. The Senate committee recommended the
requested amount. The House committee recommended $569.9 million. Both committees
expressed concern about the planned changes in NASA’s hypersonics research. The Senate
committee directed NASA to provide a report on how it plans to maintain hypersonics expertise
either with its own funds or in collaboration with other agencies. The House committee directed
NASA to work with the Department of Defense to define agency roles and propose changes to the
division of responsibilities.
For Space Technology, the Administration has requested $699.0 million, an increase of 21.6%
from FY2012. About half of the increase would be for technology demonstration missions
designed to bridge the gap between early-stage development and operational use. In February
2012, the National Research Council (NRC) released its assessment of NASA’s draft roadmaps
for space technology development.96 According to NASA, the Space Technology program is
investing at some level in all 16 of the technology areas that the NRC report recommended for
emphasis. The Senate committee recommended $651.0 million and directed NASA to give
priority to ongoing activities. The House committee recommended $632.5 million.
The Administration’s request for Exploration in FY2013 is $3.933 billion, a 4.3% increase over
FY2012 but 25.3% less than the authorized level. This account funds development of the
Multipurpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) and heavy-lift Space Launch System (SLS), which were
mandated for human exploration of space beyond Earth’s orbit by the 2010 authorization act, as
well as development of the commercial crew transportation systems that NASA intends to use for
U.S. astronaut access to the International Space Station. The request for Construction and
Environmental Compliance and Restoration includes $143.7 million for Exploration-related
construction formerly included in the Exploration account. The shortfall in Exploration funding
relative to the authorization act may raise questions about the feasibility of NASA’s planned
human spaceflight program. NASA expects the first uncrewed flight of the SLS to occur in
December 2017, and the first crewed flight in August 2021. If funding is appropriated at the
requested level, NASA expects commercial crew transportation services to become available in
early 2017; NASA officials state that a lower funding level will not permit this. The Senate
committee recommended $3.909 billion. Within this total, it provided $306.5 million more than
the request for development of the MPCV and SLS and their associated ground systems, and
$304.7 million less than the request for commercial crew. The House committee recommended

96 National Research Council, NASA Space Technology Roadmaps and Priorities: Restoring NASA’s Technological
Edge and Paving the Way for a New Era in Space
, download.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13354.
Congressional Research Service
50

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

$3.712 billion, including $112.5 million more than the request for the MPCV and SLS and their
ground systems, and $329.7 million less than the request for commercial crew.
The FY2013 request of $4.013 billion for Space Operations is a 5.2% decrease from FY2012.
This account funds the International Space Station (ISS), the Space and Flight Support program,
and the remaining costs for closeout of the space shuttle program. The last shuttle flight was
completed in July 2011. With only $70.6 million requested for space shuttle closeout in FY2013,
the other two elements of this account would both receive increases. The Senate committee
recommended $3.962 billion. The House committee recommended $3.985 billion.
The Senate committee proposed transferring responsibility for acquisition and procurement of
NOAA operational satellites from NOAA to NASA. According to the Senate committee report,
the funding recommended for this purpose matches the Administration’s request, minus NOAA’s
portion of the management costs, but is provided to NASA rather than NOAA. NASA currently
acts as NOAA’s acquisition agent for such satellites on a cost-reimbursement basis.
Table 11. Funding for NASA
(budget authority in millions of dollars)
Senate
House
FY2012
FY2013
FY2013
Committee-
Committee-
FY2013
Accounts
Enacted
Authorized
Request
Reported
Reported
Enacted
Science $5,090.0
$5,509.6
$4,911.2
$4,911.2
$5,095.0

Aeronautics and Space
Research and Technology
569.9 590.0 551.5 551.5 569.9

Space Technology
575.0
515.0
699.0
651.0
632.5

Exploration 3,770.8
5,264.0
3,932.8
3,908.9
3,711.9

Space Operations
4,233.6
4,253.3
4,013.2
3,961.7
3,985.0

Education 138.4
145.7
100.0
125.0
100.0

Cross-Agency Support
2,995.0
3,276.8
2,847.5
2,822.5
2,843.5

Construction and
Environmental Compliance
and Restoration
390.0 366.9 619.2 679.0 598.0

Inspector General
37.3 38.7 37.0 37.8 38.0

Operational Satellite
Acquisition
— — —
1,641.1 —
Total: NASA
17,800.0a 19,960.0 17,711.4 19,399.6 17,573.8

Source: FY2012-enacted amounts were taken from P.L. 112-55 and the conference report for the Consolidated
and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012 (P.L. 112-55, H.Rept. 112-284) FY2013-authorized amounts
taken from P.L. 111-267. FY2013-requested and Senate Committee-reported amounts were taken from S.Rept.
112-158. House Committee-reported amounts were taken from H.Rept. 112-463.
Note: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding.
a. Does not include a rescission of $30.0 million of unobligated balances from prior years’ appropriations.
Congressional Research Service
51

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

National Science Foundation (NSF)97
The National Science Foundation (NSF) supports basic research and education in the non-medical
sciences and engineering. Congress established the foundation as an independent federal agency
in 1950 and directed it to “promote the progress of science; to advance the national health,
prosperity, and welfare; to secure the national defense; and for other purposes.”98 The NSF is a
primary source of federal support for U.S. university research. It is also responsible for significant
shares of the federal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education
program portfolio and federal STEM student aid and support.
For FY2013, the President seeks $7.373 billion for the NSF. This amount is $340.0 million
(4.8%) over the FY2012 estimate of $7.033 billion.99 The House and Senate appropriations
committees recommend almost identical funding levels for most major NSF accounts in FY2013.
(They are the same for five of six major accounts. See Table 12.) The principal difference
between the two appropriations committees’ recommendations is in funding for the main research
account, where there is a $60.0 million difference between the two recommendations. The
difference in funding for the main research account translates into a similar $60.0 million gap
between the two committees’ top line recommendations. However, both committees’
recommendations for the main research account (and therefore the top line) are within a $100.0
million of the request. The Senate Committee on Appropriations directs NSF to make up the
difference between recommended appropriations and the request by reducing funding for
OneNSF initiatives (see S.Rept. 112-158). The OneNSF Framework is discussed later in this
section.
At the top line the Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends a total of $7.273 billion for
the NSF in FY2013. This amount is $240.0 million (3.4%) more than the FY2012 estimate and
$100.0 million (1.4%) less than the President’s request. The House Committee on Appropriations
recommends $7.333 billion for the NSF in FY2013. This amount is $299.4 million (4.3%) more
than the FY2012 estimate, $40.6 million (0.6%) less than the President’s request, and $59.4
million (0.8%) more than the Senate Committee on Appropriations’ recommendation. S.Rept.
112-158 raises general concerns about NSF’s responsiveness to Office of the Inspector General
(OIG) reports and recommendations and directs NSF to report to the Committee on its efforts to
address issues identified by the OIG.
Another NSF-wide issue that Congress may consider as it deliberates the FY2013 NSF budget
request is the so-called “doubling path policy.” 100 Initiated in FY2006, Congress and successive
Administrations have sought to double funding for the NSF, Department of Energy’s Office of
Science, and National Institute of Standards and Technology’s core laboratory and construction
accounts (collectively “the targeted accounts”). Under the America COMPETES Reauthorization
Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-358) targeted account funding levels would have increased at a compound
annual growth rate of 6.3%, a pace that would result in doubling in approximately 11 years.

97 This section was prepared by Heather B. Gonzalez, Specialist in Science and Technology Policy, Resources, Science,
and Industry Division.
98 The National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (P.L. 81-507), Purpose.
99 The America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-358), which authorized funding for the NSF,
provides $8.300 billion for NSF in FY2013.
100 For an analysis of the doubling effort that includes historic trends, see CRS Report R41951, An Analysis of Efforts to
Double Federal Funding for Physical Sciences and Engineering Research
, by John F. Sargent Jr.
Congressional Research Service
52

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

However, appropriations in FY2011 and FY2012 for the targeted accounts increased at rates of
4.6% and 4.1%, respectively (about an 18-year doubling pace). The President’s FY2013 budget
request asserts support for the doubling path policy and seeks an overall increase of 4.1% for the
targeted accounts. Some legislators have raised concerns about pursuing the doubling effort given
the nation’s current fiscal challenges, including one who urged observers “to be realistic about the
notion of doubling the NSF budget.”101 Both appropriations committee recommendations for
targeted accounts in FY2013 would establish about a 20-year doubling pace.
The main research account (Research and Related Activities or R&RA) is the largest of NSF’s six
major accounts. 102 The President seeks $5.983 billion for R&RA in FY2013.103 The R&RA
request highlights interdisciplinary research, clean energy, advanced manufacturing, materials,
wireless communications, smart systems, and cybersecurity. It includes increases for all but one
of the research directorates.104 The largest requested increase is for the Integrative Activities (IA)
account. Increases in IA would largely apply to the R&RA contribution to the Graduate Research
Fellowship (GRF) program105 and to increased support for the Integrated NSF Support Promoting
Interdisciplinary Research and Education (INSPIRE) program.106 NSF also seeks an increase in
the Innovation Corps (I-Corps) program.107 The FY2013 request does not establish neuroscience
as a crosscutting theme, as the FY2012 CJS conference report encouraged NSF to do; however,
NSF states it will leverage existing resources in neuroscience and issue a “Dear Colleague Letter”
supporting research in neuroscience and cognitive science. The FY2013 request also includes
$250,000 for a Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope planning solicitation, as per the FY2012 CJS
conference report.
The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends $5.883 billion for R&RA in FY2013. This
amount is $194.3 million (3.4%) more than the FY2012 estimate of $5.689 billion and $100.0
million (1.7%) less than the President’s request. Among other things, S.Rept. 112-158 highlights
R&RA support for scientific facilities and instrumentation; provides the requested levels for
astronomical sciences ($244.6 million) and cybersecurity research ($161.0 million); and
expresses concerns about the adequacy of funding levels for the Academic Research Fleet. The
Senate committee report also provides the requested level of funding ($7.5 million) for Large
Synoptic Survey Telescope pre-construction planning. Other provisions in S.Rept. 112-158
include $158.0 million for the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research
(EPSCoR) in FY2013. This amount is $7.1 million (4.7%) more than the FY2012 estimate of
$150.9 million, but slightly below the President’s FY2013 request for $158.2 million.

101 Opening Statement of Ranking Member Dan Lipinksi, in U.S. Congress, House Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology, Subcommittee on Research and Science Education, “The National Science Foundation’s FY2013 Budget
Request,” hearings, 112th Cong., 2nd sess., February 28, 2012.
102 Although these accounts exist in isolation in budget tables, funds from different accounts may be merged at the
program level and in many cases NSF’s education, facilities, and research activities are highly integrated.
103 The authorized funding level for R&RA in FY2013—as per P.L. 111-358—is $6.638 billion.
104 The exception is the U.S. Arctic Research Commission, for which NSF seeks a $60,000 (4.1%) reduction from the
FY2012 estimate of $1.5 million.
105 The FY2013 IA GRF request is $121.5 million, $33.0 million (37.3%) more than the FY2012 estimate of $88.5
million. The total GRF request is $243.0 million, $45.0 million (22.7%) over the FY2012 estimate of $198.4 million.
106 The FY2013 IA INSPIRE request is $31.0 million, $18.7 million (151.0%) more than the FY2012 estimate of $12.4
million. The total INSPIRE request is $63.0 million, $42.7 million (209.3%) more than the FY2012 estimate of $20.4
million.
107 The I-Corps request is $19.0 million, $11.4 million (151.3%) more than the FY2012 estimate of $7.5 million.
Congressional Research Service
53

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

The House Committee on Appropriations recommends $5.943 billion for R&RA in FY2013. This
amount is $253.7 million (4.5%) more than the FY2012 estimate, $40.6 million (0.7%) less than
the FY2013 request, and $59.4 million (0.1%) more than the Senate Committee on
Appropriations’ recommendation. H.Rept. 112-463 report directs NSF to prioritize—of new
R&RA activities—cybersecurity, advanced manufacturing, materials, and research in the natural
and physical sciences, math, and engineering. In particular, the report provides the requested level
of $148.9 million for NSF’s Advanced Manufacturing initiative. Other R&RA provisions in the
House committee report include a requirement that I-Corps recipients commit to the domestic
production of goods or services commercialized with NSF assistance; two required reports on the
management of scientific facilities; and language encouraging NSF to establish neuroscience as a
cross-cutting theme. The report also endorses NSF-proposed changes in R&RA; except for the
proposed termination of the Communicating Science Broadly program, which the House
Committee on Appropriations seeks to maintain.
Both the Senate and House Committees on Appropriations recommend funding all other major
NSF accounts at FY2013 requested levels. These recommendations apply to Education and
Human Resources (E&HR), Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction (MREFC),
Agency Operations and Awards Management (AOAM), the National Science Board (NSB), and
the OIG. For AOAM, NSB, and the OIG, the FY2013 requested levels are equal to the FY2012
estimate. The FY2013 request for MREFC is slightly below the FY2012 estimate.108 MREFC
funding would support four on-going projects, two of which are getting close to completion.
For E&HR, the President seeks $875.6 million in FY2013, $46.6 million (5.6%) more than the
FY2012 estimated level of $829.0 million.109 The request reframes E&HR programs to emphasize
research activities and partnerships. NSF seeks $20.0 million ($5.0 million for each of E&HR’s
divisions) in FY2013 funding to establish the reframing effort.110 Requested changes within
E&HR would occur in tandem with the launch of a new NSF-wide initiative, Expeditions in
Education (E2).111 E&HR also seeks increased collaboration with the Department of Education
(ED) on the Mathematics and Science Partnership (MSP) program and on efforts to establish
standards of evidence for STEM education innovations and research. The FY2013 E&HR request
would shift $30.0 million in funding from the Discovery Research K-12 and Transforming
Undergraduate Education in STEM programs to a new $60.0 million competitive grant program
aimed at fostering improvements in mathematics learning. This program would be jointly
administered with ED, which would also contribute $30.0 million.
The FY2013 E&HR request also includes $121.5 million for the Graduate Research Fellowship
(GRF) program, an $11.9 million (10.8%) increase over the FY2012 estimate. The request
reduces funding for the Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT)
program by $8.1 million (13.6%)—from $59.8 million in FY2012 (estimate) to $51.7 million in
FY2013. Funding for minority-serving institutions (MSIs),112 the Robert Noyce Scholarship

108 As authorized by P.L. 112-55, NSF transferred $30.0 million from the R&RA account to MREFC in FY2012. This
amount is reflected in the FY2013 request, which is $30.0 million more than the level Congress specified in FY2012.
109 The America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-358) authorized level is $1.042 billion.
110 NSF states that these funds would be used for grants to synthesize existing work, highlight trends and challenges,
and identify future needs.
111 The goal for E2 activities is to use current or emerging areas of science to address STEM education challenges. The
total request for E2 in FY2013 is $49.0 million, of which $20.5 million would come from E&HR.
112 Funding sources for MSIs include the Historically-Black Colleges and Universities Undergraduate Program
(HBCU-UP), Louis Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation (LSAMP), and the Tribal Colleges and Universities
(continued...)
Congressional Research Service
54

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

(Noyce) program, and the MSP program would continue at FY2012 levels. The FY2013 NSF
budget request does not appear to include a specified funding source for Hispanic-serving
institutions. The FY2013 budget request for the Federal Cyber Services: Scholarship for
Service/Cybercorps (SFS) program is $25.0 million, $20.0 million (44.4%) below the $45.0
million level established for the program in the FY2012 CJS appropriations conference report.
As noted previously, both the House and Senate appropriations committees recommend the full
request for E&HR in FY2013. This amount—which is an increase over the prior year—marks a
change from FY2011 and FY2012, when Congress reduced funds from prior year levels for this
account. The FY2013 increase would modify the percentage of the total NSF budget dedicated to
E&HR from 11.8% in FY2012 to 11.9% in FY2013. Although this percentage increase is small, it
represents a change from historical (FY2003 to FY2011) trends. Those trends generally show a
diminishing role for E&HR in the total NSF budget.113
Specific provisions for E&HR in Senate and House appropriations committee reports include a
shared focus on MSIs and broadening participation, as well as technological and informal
education. The two committees disagree, however, on funding levels for these programs. The
Senate Committee on Appropriations would slightly increase funding for MSI programs over
FY2013 requested levels, while the House committee report recommends funding these programs
at requested levels. The Senate Committee on Appropriations would provide the requested level
of $64.0 million for the Advanced Technological Education (ATE) program, while the House
committee report would provide $69.0 million. The House committee report recommends a
transfer of $5.0 million to ATE from the GRF program. The Senate Committee on Appropriations
recommends no reductions (as had been proposed by NSF) to the Informal Science Education
program, while the House committee report accepts proposed changes.114
Other E&HR provisions in the Senate Committee on Appropriations’ report include $54.9 million
for the Noyce program (equal to the request), $45.0 million for the SFS program ($20.0 million
over the request), and a statement expressing concern about psychology majors’ GRF eligibility.
Other E&HR provisions in the House committee report include a directive to continue developing
and implementing a tracking and evaluation system for the recommendations of a recent National
Research Council report on best practices in STEM education and a statement encouraging NSF
to use existing resources on STEM-focused schools.
Both the House and Senate appropriations committees express concerns about the “OneNSF
Framework.” As proposed, the OneNSF Framework seeks to enable operations across
organizational and disciplinary boundaries. This NSF-wide initiative includes E2, INSPIRE, and
I-Corps; as well as other investments in smart systems, cyberinfrastructure, cybersecurity, and the
Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability (SEES) portfolio. NSF seeks increases
over FY2012 estimated levels for six of the seven OneNSF Framework priorities. The Senate
Committee on Appropriations recommends that NSF reduce funding for OneNSF activities and
encourages the foundation to focus resources on core programs and infrastructure. The House
committee report expresses concerns about a perceived lack of administrative clarity in OneNSF

(...continued)
Program (TCUP), among others.
113 See CRS Report R42470, An Analysis of STEM Education Funding at the NSF: Trends and Policy Discussion, by
Heather B. Gonzalez.
114 NSF renamed this program to “Advancing Informal STEM Learning,” or AISL, in the FY2013 request.
Congressional Research Service
55

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

activities and encourages NSF to promulgate clear standards and guidance on the administration
of these activities.
Funding for other NSF-wide investments in the FY2013 request include the National
Nanotechnology Initiative ($434.9 million), the Networking and Information Technology
Research and Development program ($1.207 billion), and the U.S. Global Climate Change
Research program ($332.9 million).
Finally, the FY2013 request proposes cutting or consolidating 11 foundation programs, totaling
$67.0 million. Most of these programs are in the research directorates and have reached their
planned endpoints or are otherwise considered obsolete. As noted above, the House committee
report rejects the proposed termination of the Communicating Science Broadly program.
Table 12. NSF Funding by Major Account
(budget authority in millions of dollars)
Senate
House
FY2012
FY2013
FY2013
Committee-
Committee-
FY2013
Account
Estimate
Authorized
Request
Reported
Reported
enacted
Research and Related Activities
$5,689.0
$6,638.0
$5,983.3
$5,883.3
$5,942.7

Biological Sciences
712.4
n/s
733.9
n/s
n/s

Computer and Information
Science and Engineering
653.6
n/s
709.7
n/s
n/s

Engineering 826.2
n/s
876.3
n/s
n/s

Geosciences 885.3
n/s
906.4
n/s
n/s

Mathematical and Physical
Sciences 1,309.0
n/s
1,345.2
n/s
n/s

Social, Behavioral, and
Economic Sciences
254.3
n/s
259.6
n/s
n/s

Office of Cyberinfrastructure
211.6
n/s
218.3
n/s
n/s

Office of International Science
and Engineering
49.9
n/s
51.3
n/s
n/s

U.S. Polar Programs
435.9
n/s
449.7
n/s
n/s

Integrative Activities
349.6
n/s
431.5
n/s
n/s

U.S. Arctic Research
Commission 1.45
n/s
1.39
n/s
n/s

Education and Human Resources
829.0
1,041.8
875.6
875.6
875.6

Major Research Equipment and
Facilities Construction
197.1 236.8 196.2 196.2 196.2

Agency Operations and Award
Management 299.4
363.7
299.4
299.4
299.4

National Science Board
4.4
4.9
4.4
4.4
4.4

Office of the Inspector General
14.2
15.0
14.2
14.2
14.2

Total: NSF
7,033.1
8,300.0
7,373.1
7,273.1
7,332.5

Source: Numbers in the “FY2012 Estimate” and “FY2013 Request” columns are from the FY2013 NSF Budget
Request to Congress
. Numbers in the “FY2013 Authorized” column are from the America COMPETES
Congressional Research Service
56

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-358). The Senate Committee-reported amounts were taken from S. 2323
and S.Rept. 112-158. House Committee-reported amounts were taken from H.R. 5326 and H.Rept. 112-463.
Notes: “n/s” means “not specified.” CRS was unable to identify a defined amount of funding for this account.
Numbers are rounded. The FY2012 estimate includes the FY2012-enacted levels as adjusted to reflect a one-
time $30.0 million transfer from R&RA to MREFC (as authorized by P.L. 112-55).
Related Agencies
For FY2013, the Administration requests a total of $929.2 million for the related agencies. The
Administration’s request is 8.5% greater than the $856.6 million appropriated for FY2012. The
Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends a total of $929.2 million for the related
agencies, the same as the Administration’s request. The House Committee-reported amount for
the related agencies is $846.2 million, 1.2% below the FY2012 appropriation and 8.9% less than
both the Administration’s request and the Senate Committee-reported amount.
Table 13. Funding for Related Agencies
(budget authority in millions of dollars)
Senate
House
Commission, Office, or
FY2012
FY2013
Committee-
Committee-
FY2013
Corporation
Enacted
Request
Reported
Reported
Enacted
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
$9.2
$9.4
$9.4
$9.2

Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission 360.0
373.7
373.7
366.6

International Trade Commission
80.0
82.8
82.8
83.0

Legal Services Corporation
348.0
402.0
402.0
328.0

Marine Mammal Commission
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.0

Office of the U.S. Trade
Representative 51.3
53.0
53.0
51.3

State Justice Institute
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1

Total: Related Agencies
856.6
929.2
929.2
846.2

Source: FY2012-enacted amounts were taken from the conference report for the Consolidated and Further
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012 (P.L. 112-55, H.Rept. 112-284). FY2013-requested and Senate Committee-
reported amounts were taken from S.Rept. 112-158. House Committee-reported amounts were taken from
H.Rept. 112-463.
Note: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding.
Commission on Civil Rights
Established by the Civil Rights Act of 1957, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (the
Commission)
• investigates allegations of citizens who may have been denied the right to vote
based on color, race, religion, or national origin;
• studies and gathers information on legal developments constituting a denial of
the equal protection of the laws;
Congressional Research Service
57

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

• assesses the federal laws and policies in the area of civil rights; and
• submits reports on its findings to the President and Congress when the
Commission or the President deems it appropriate.
The Administration’s FY2013 budget request includes $9.4 million for the Commission, an
amount that is 2.3% greater than the FY2012 appropriation of $9.2 million. The Senate
Committee on Appropriation’s recommended funding for the Commission is $9.4 million, the
same as the Administration’s request. The House Committee on Appropriations recommends $9.2
million for the Commission, which would be the same as the FY2012 appropriation and 2.2% less
than both the Administration’s request and the Senate Committee-reported amount.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)115
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforces several laws that ban
employment discrimination based on race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability. In the past
few years, appropriators were particularly concerned about the agency’s ability to reduce the
pending inventory of charges due to rising caseloads and limited staff. Due to new hires of
enforcement staff and developments in technology, the EEOC progressed in reducing the pending
inventory of cases in FY2011.
The President’s FY2013 budget request for the EEOC is $373.7 million, which is 3.8% ($13.7
million) more than the FY2012 enacted level of $360.0 million. Out of the $373.7 million, up to
$29.5 million is requested for payments to state and local entities with which the agency has
work-sharing agreements to address workplace discrimination within their jurisdictions (i.e., Fair
Employment Practices Agencies, FEPAs, and Tribal Employment Rights Organizations, TEROs).
This is the same amount the agency paid to these groups for FY2012.
The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends $373.7 million for the EEOC, which is
3.8% ($13.7 million) more than the FY2012-enacted level of $360.0 million. The Senate
recommended amount is the same as the President’s budget request for FY2013. The House
Committee on Appropriations recommends $366.6 million for the EEOC, which is 1.8% ($6.5
million) more than the FY2012 amount and 1.9% ($7.1 million) less than both the President’s
FY2013 request and the Senate Committee-reported amount.
The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends up to $30.0 million for payments to state
and local entities with which the agency has work-sharing agreements to address workplace
discrimination within their jurisdictions (i.e., FEPAs and TEROs). The House Committee on
Appropriations recommends up to $29.5 million for these groups, the same amount enacted in
FY2012 and requested by the President for FY2013.
The pending inventory of private sector cases filed with the EEOC was reduced from 86,338 at
the end of FY2010 to 78,136 at the end of FY2011, a 9.5% decline.116 According to the
Commission, the decline reflects the ability of the EEOC to embrace technological advances and

115 This section was prepared by Abigail Rudman, Information Research Specialist, Knowledge Services Group,
Domestic Social Policy Division.
116 FY2013 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Congressional Budget Justification, Chart 4, “Private Sector
Charges Pending at Year End for FY2009 to FY2015,” http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/plan/2013budget.cfm#chart4.
Congressional Research Service
58

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

hire key frontline enforcement staff in 2009 and 2010. The FY2013 request for 85 new hires,
including 46 investigator positions, as well as other mediator, support staff, and attorney
positions, will continue to address the agency workload. Within 60 days of enactment, the Senate
Committee on Appropriations directed the EEOC to submit a report discussing the “National Full
Service Intake Model”, which would create intake units at each field office to handle charges.
The EEOC federal sector hearings workload was 15,709 hearings in FY2011 and is estimated to
decrease slightly to 15,356 in FY2012.117 The Commission continues to implement technology
initiatives to support the federal sector program, such as the HotDocs Software, a commercial
document assembly software package, which would streamline the writing phase of the hearings
process. The Senate Committee on Appropriations requested the EEOC submit an implementation
plan for the new Federal sector hearings process, including the “Fast Track” proposal. The Senate
Committee is concerned this process could threaten discovery and limit hearings before
independent Administrative Judges (AJS).118
U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC)119
The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) is an independent, quasi-judicial agency
established by Congress that advises the President and Congress on U.S. foreign economic
policies. In its Strategic Plan for 2009-2014, the ITC identified the following five strategic
operations, which define the functions of the agency: (1) import injury investigations, (2)
intellectual property-based imports investigations, (3) industry and economic analysis, (4) tariff
and trade information services, and (5) trade policy support.120 As a matter of policy, its budget
request is submitted to Congress by the President without revision.
The Administration requests $82.8 million for the ITC for FY2013, an amount that is $2.8
million, or 3.5%, more than the FY2012-enacted appropriation of $80.0 million. The amount
reported by the Senate Committee on Appropriations is $82.8 million, the same amount as the
Administration’s request. The House Committee on Appropriations’ reported amount is $83.0
million, 3.8% more than the FY2012 enacted amount. The House reported amount is 0.2% more
than the Administration’s request for FY2013 and than the amount reported by the Senate
Committee on Appropriations.
Legal Services Corporation (LSC)121
The Legal Services Corporation (LSC) is a private, nonprofit, federally funded corporation that
provides grants to local offices that, in turn, provide legal assistance to low-income people in civil

117 FY2013 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Congressional Budget Justification, Chart 9, “Federal Sector
Hearings Workload FY2009 to FY2015,” http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/plan/2013budget.cfm#chart9.
118 U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related
Agencies, Departments of Commerce and Justice, and Science and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, 2013, report
to accompany S. 2323, 112th Cong., 2nd sess., April 12, 2012, S.Rept. 112-158, pp. 113-115.
119 This section was written by M. Angeles Villarreal, Specialist in International Trade and Finance, Foreign Affairs,
Defense, and Trade Division.
120 U.S. Office of Management and Budget, The President’s Budget Fiscal Year 2012 Appendix, Other Independent
Agencies, U.S. International Trade Commission,
p. 1249.
121 This section was prepared by Carmen Solomon-Fears, Specialist in Social Policy, Domestic Social Policy Division.
Congressional Research Service
59

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

(noncriminal) cases. The LSC has been controversial since its incorporation in the early 1970s
and has been operating without authorizing legislation since 1980. There have been ongoing
debates over the adequacy of funding for the agency and the extent to which certain types of
activities are appropriate for federally funded legal aid attorneys to undertake. In annual
appropriations bills, Congress traditionally has included legislative provisions restricting the
activities of LSC-funded grantees, such as prohibiting any lobbying activities or prohibiting
representation in certain types of cases.
Although the authorization of appropriations for the LSC expired at the end of FY1980, the LSC
has operated for the past 32 years under annual appropriations laws.
For FY2013, the Obama Administration requests $402.0 million for the LSC. This amount is
$54.0 million (15.5%) above the FY2012 appropriation of $348.0 million for the LSC. The
Administration’s FY2013 budget request includes $376.8 million for basic field programs and
required independent audits, $17.0 million for management and grants oversight, $3.0 million for
client self-help and information technology, $4.2 million for the Office of the Inspector General,
and $1.0 million for loan repayment assistance. The Obama Administration also proposes that
LSC restrictions on class action suits and attorneys’ fees be eliminated.
The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends $402.0 million for the LSC for FY2013.
This amount is 15.5% more than the FY2012-enacted amount and the same as the
Administration’s FY2013 budget request. The Senate Committee recommendation deletes
restrictions concerning the use of non-federal funding for LSC activities except for activities
regarding class action law suits, abortion litigation, and litigation on behalf of federal, state, or
local prisoners.
The House Committee on Appropriations recommends $328.0 million for the LSC for FY2013.
This amount is 5.7% less than the FY2012-enacted amount and 18.4% less than the amount
recommended by the Administration’s FY2013 budget request and the amount reported by the
Senate Committee on Appropriations. The House Committee recommendation also encourages
the LSC Inspector General to conduct annual audits of LSC grantees to make sure that they are
not using LSC funds in violation of the prohibition against engaging in political activities or any
of the other restrictions on LSC activities. The House Committee recommends that funds be
withdrawn from any LSC grantee found to be engaging in political activity. In addition, the
House Committee recommendation includes a technical change to the allocation formula for basic
field grants. Currently, the allocation for LSC grantees in each geographic area is based on
poverty statistics from the ‘‘most recent decennial census.’’ The Census Bureau has since stopped
collecting poverty data in the decennial census and instead collects those data in the American
Community Survey (ACS). The House Committee recommends that the formula be altered to
reflect this shift. Since ACS data are released more frequently, the House Committee
recommendation allows reallocation of LSC funding every three years.
Marine Mammal Commission (MMC)122
The Marine Mammal Commission (MMC) is an independent agency of the executive branch,
established under Title II of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA; P.L. 92-522). The

122 This section was prepared by Eugene H. Buck, Specialist in Natural Resources Policy; Resources, Science, and
Industry Division.
Congressional Research Service
60

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

MMC and its Committee of Scientific Advisors on Marine Mammals provide oversight and
recommend actions on domestic and international topics to advance policies and provisions of the
Marine Mammal Protection Act. As funding permits, the Marine Mammal Commission supports
research to further the purposes of the MMPA.
The Administration’s FY2013 request for the MMC is $3.1 million, which would represent a
1.9% increase compared to FY2012-enacted funding of $3.0 million. The Senate Committee on
Appropriations recommends $3.1 million, a 1.9% increase over FY2012-enacted funding and the
same as the Administration’s FY2013 request. The House Committee on Appropriations
recommends $3.0 million, the same as the FY2012-enacted funding and 1.8% less than the
Administration’s FY2013 request.
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)123
The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), located in the Executive Office of the
President, is responsible for developing and coordinating U.S. international trade and direct
investment policies. The USTR is the President’s chief negotiator for international trade
agreements, including commodity and direct investment negotiations. USTR also conducts U.S.
affairs related to the World Trade Organization.
The Administration requests $53.0 million for the USTR for FY2013, an amount that is $1.8
million, or 3.5%, more than the FY2012-enacted amount of $51.3 million. The amount reported
by the Senate Committee on Appropriations for FY2013 is $53.0 million, the same amount as the
Administration’s request. The House Committee on Appropriation’s reported amount is $51.3
million, the same as the FY2012 enacted amount and 3.4% less than both the Administration’s
request for FY2013 and the amount report by the Senate Committee on Appropriations.
In the State of the Union Address, the President called for the creation of a new trade enforcement
unit to enhance U.S. capabilities to aggressively challenge unfair trade practices around the
world, particularly in China. The Administration’s FY2013 request for USTR includes an increase
of $1.7 million to help create a new Interagency Trade Enforcement Center (ITEC), which will be
directed by USTR.
State Justice Institute (SJI)
The State Justice Institute (SJI) is a nonprofit corporation that makes grants to state courts and
funds research, technical assistance, and informational projects aimed at improving the quality of
judicial administration in state courts across the United States. It is governed by an 11-member
board of directors appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.124 Under the terms of
its enabling legislation, SJI is authorized to present its budget request directly to Congress, apart
from the President’s budget. The Administration’s request for SJI is $5.1 million, which is the
same at the FY2012 appropriation. Both the Senate and House Committee-reported amount for
SJI is $5.1 million, the same as the Administration’s request.

123 This section was written by M. Angeles Villarreal, Specialist in International Trade and Finance, Foreign Affairs,
Defense, and Trade Division.
124 By law, the President must appoint six state court judges, one state court administrator, and four members of the
public, no more than two of whom may be of the same political party.
Congressional Research Service
61

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Table 14. Funding for CJS Agencies, by Account, FY2009-FY2013
(budget authority in millions of dollars)
FY2009
FY2010
FY2011
FY2012
FY2013
Bureau or Agency
Enacted
Enacted
Enacted
Enacted
Enacted
Department of Commerce





International Trade Administration
$420.4
$446.8
$440.7
$455.6

Bureau of Industry and Security
83.7
100.3
100.1
101.0

Economic Development Administration
312.8a 293.0 283.4 457.5

Minority Business Development Agency
29.8
31.5
30.3
30.3

Economic and Statistical Analysis
90.6
97.2
97.1
96.0

Census Bureau
3,139.9b 7,324.7 1,149.7 888.3

National Telecommunications and Information Administration
39.2c 40.0 41.6 45.6

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
2,010.1
2,016.0
2,090.0
2,706.3

Offsetting Fee Receipts USPTO
-2,087.0
-1,887.0
-2,090.0
-2,706.3

National Institute of Standards and Technology
819.0d 856.6 750.1 750.8

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
4,365.2e 4,737.5 4,588.0 4,893.7

Departmental Management
83.8f 107.5 99.8 88.9

DOC Subtotal
9,307.5
14,164.2g 7,580.9 7,807.7

Department
of
Justice

General
Administration
2,067.8 2,276.7 2,208.1 2,227.9

General
Administration
370.8 456.9 312.2 262.1

Administrative Review & Appeals
266.0
296.7
296.1
301.0

Detention
Trustee
1,355.3 1,438.7 1,515.6 1,580.6

Office of the Inspector General
75.7h 84.4 84.2 84.2

U.S. Parole Commission
12.6
12.9
12.8
12.8

Legal
Activities
2,918.2 3,085.2 3,177.3 3,187.2

General legal activities
805.7
875.1
863.4
863.4

United States Attorneys
1,851.3
1,934.0
1,930.1
1,960.0

Otheri
261.2 276.1 383.8 363.8

U.S. Marshals Service
964.0
1,152.4
1,140.1
1,189.0

National Security Division
85.2
87.9
87.8
87.0

Interagency Law Enforcement
515.0
528.6
527.5
527.5

Federal Bureau of Investigation
7,336.2
7,898.5
7,926.3
8,118.0

Drug Enforcement Administration
1,959.1
2,019.7
2,015.6
2,035.0

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives
1,068.2
1,120.8
1,112.5
1,152.0

Federal Prison System
6,178.9
6,188.1
6,384.1
6,644.0

Office of Violence Against Women
415.0j 418.5 417.7 412.5

Office of Justice Programs
2,066.6
2,283.5
1,697.9
1,616.3

Justice
Assistance
220.0 235.0 234.5 113.0

Congressional Research Service
62

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

FY2009
FY2010
FY2011
FY2012
FY2013
Bureau or Agency
Enacted
Enacted
Enacted
Enacted
Enacted
State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance
1,328.5k 1,534.8 1,117.8 1,162.5

Weed and Seed
25.0
20.0



Juvenile Justice Programs
374.0
423.6
275.4
262.5

Public Safety Officers Benefits
119.1
70.1
70.1
78.3

Community Oriented Policing Services
550.5l 791.6 494.9 198.5

OVW, OJP, and COPS Salaries and Expenses
195.0m 213.4 186.6


DOJ Subtotal
26,332.3
28,077.7n 27,389.2 27,407.7

Science Agencies





Office of Science and Technology Policy
5.3
7.0
6.6
4.5

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
17,782.4o 18,724.3 18,448.0 17,800.0

National Science Foundation
6,490.4p 6,926.5 6,859.9 7,033.1

Science Agencies Subtotal
24,278.1
25,657.8
25,314.5
24,837.6

Related Agencies





Commission on Civil Rights
8.8
9.4
9.4
$.2

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
343.9
367.3
366.6
360.0

International Trade Commission
75.1
81.9
81.7
80.0

Legal Services Corporation
390.0
420.0
404.2
348.0

Marine Mammal Commission
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.0

National Veterans Business Development Corporation





U.S.
Trade
Representative
47.3 47.8 47.7 51.3

State Justice Institute
4.1
5.1
5.1
5.1

Related Agencies Subtotal
872.4
934.8
917.9
856.6

Total Appropriations
60,790.3q 68,834.5r 61,202.5s 60,909.6t

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
15,922.0




Source: FY2008-enacted amounts taken from the House Committee on Appropriations’ Committee Print on
the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (P.L. 111-8), Division B. FY2009-enacted amounts taken from H.Rept.
111-366. FY2010-enacted amounts taken from S.Rept. 111-229. FY2011-enacted amounts were taken from
H.Rept. 112-169. FY2012-enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept. 112-284.
Note: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding.
a. This amount does not include the $150.0 million that the Economic Development Administration received
under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5).
b. This amount does not include the $1.0 billion that the Census Bureau received under the American
Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5).
c. This amount does not include the $5.4 billion that the National Telecommunication and Information
Administration received under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5).
d. This amount does not include the $580.0 million that the National Institute of Standards and Technology
received under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (P.L. 111-5).
e. This amount does not include the $830.0 million that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration received under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5).
Congressional Research Service
63

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

f.
This amount does not include the $6.0 million that the Office of the Inspector General received under the
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5).
g. This amount does not include $105.0 million in supplemental funding for the Department of Commerce
(P.L. 111-212 and P.L. 111-224), of which $54.0 million was for the Economic Development Administration
and $51.0 million was for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. However, it does include
$129.0 in supplemental funding for the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office,
h. This amount does not include the $2.0 million that the Office of the Inspector General received under the
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5).
i.
“Other” includes subaccounts for the Antitrust Division, Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund, U.S.
Trustee System Fund, Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, Fees and Expenses of Witnesses,
Community Relations Service, and the Asset Forfeiture Fund.
j.
This amount does not include the $225.0 million that the Office on Violence Against Women received
under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5).
k. This amount does not include the $2.765 billion appropriated for the State and Local Law Enforcement
Assistance account under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5).
l.
This amount does not include the $1.0 billion the Community Oriented Policing Services Office received
under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5).
m. This amount does not include the $10.0 million appropriated for OVW, OJP, and COPS Salaries and
Expenses under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5).
n. This amount does not include $206.0 million in supplemental funding for the Department of Justice (P.L.
111-212 and P.L. 111-230), of which $2.1 million was for Administrative Review and Appeals; $7.0 million
was for the Office of the Federal Detention Trustee; $13.9 million was for General Legal Activities; $9.2
million was for the U.S. Attorneys; $37.7 million was for the U.S. Marshals; $21.0 million was for
Interagency Law Enforcement; $24.0 million was for the Federal Bureau of Investigation; $33.7 million was
for the Drug Enforcement Administration; $37.5 million was for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms,
and Explosives; and $20.0 million was for the Federal Prison System.
o. This amount does not include the $1.002 billion the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
received under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5).
p. This amount does not include the $3.002 billion the National Science Foundation received under the
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5).
q. This amount does not include $610.6 million in rescissions of unobligated balances.
r. This amount does not include $531.2 million in rescissions of unobligated balances included in P.L. 111-117;
$111.5 million in rescissions of unobligated balances included in P.L. 111-212; $129.0 million in rescissions
of unobligated balances included in P.L. 111-224; and $1.788 billion in rescissions of unobligated balances
included in P.L. 112-6.
s. This amount does not include $2.416 billion in rescissions of unobligated balances.
t.
This amount does not include $905.9 million in rescissions of unobligated balances.

Congressional Research Service
64

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Author Contact Information

Nathan James, Coordinator
Wendy H. Schacht
Analyst in Crime Policy
Specialist in Science and Technology Policy
njames@crs.loc.gov, 7-0264
wschacht@crs.loc.gov, 7-7066
Jennifer D. Williams, Coordinator
M. Angeles Villarreal
Specialist in American National Government
Specialist in International Trade and Finance
jwilliams@crs.loc.gov, 7-8640
avillarreal@crs.loc.gov, 7-0321
John F. Sargent Jr., Coordinator
Daniel Morgan
Specialist in Science and Technology Policy
Specialist in Science and Technology Policy
jsargent@crs.loc.gov, 7-9147
dmorgan@crs.loc.gov, 7-5849
William J. Krouse
Heather B. Gonzalez
Specialist in Domestic Security and Crime Policy
Specialist in Science and Technology Policy
wkrouse@crs.loc.gov, 7-2225
hgonzalez@crs.loc.gov, 7-1895
Kristin M. Finklea
Eugene Boyd
Specialist in Domestic Security
Analyst in Federalism and Economic Development
kfinklea@crs.loc.gov, 7-6259
Policy
eboyd@crs.loc.gov, 7-8689
Lisa N. Sacco
Dana A. Shea
Analyst in Illicit Drugs and Crime Policy
Specialist in Science and Technology Policy
lsacco@crs.loc.gov, 7-7359
dshea@crs.loc.gov, 7-6844
Ian F. Fergusson
Eugene H. Buck
Specialist in International Trade and Finance
Specialist in Natural Resources Policy
ifergusson@crs.loc.gov, 7-4997
gbuck@crs.loc.gov, 7-7262
Harold F. Upton
Abigail B. Rudman
Analyst in Natural Resources Policy
Information Research Specialist
hupton@crs.loc.gov, 7-2264
arudman@crs.loc.gov, 7-9519
Linda K. Moore
Carmen Solomon-Fears
Specialist in Telecommunications Policy
Specialist in Social Policy
lmoore@crs.loc.gov, 7-5853
csolomonfears@crs.loc.gov, 7-7306

Congressional Research Service
65

.
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Key Policy Staff

Area of Expertise
Name
Phone
E-mail
Departments



Department of Justice
Nathan James
7-0264
njames@crs.loc.gov
Department of Commerce
Jennifer Williams
7-8640
jwilliams@crs.loc.gov
Science Agencies
John Sargent
7-9147
jsargent@crs.loc.gov
Agencies and Policy Areas



OJP, COPS, BOP, U.S. Marshals
Nathan James
7-0264
njames@crs.loc.gov
FBI, ATF, U.S. Attorneys
Wil iam Krouse
7-2225
wkrouse@crs.loc.gov
Juvenile Justice
Kristin Finklea
7-6259
kfinklea@crs.loc.gov
DEA, OVW
Lisa N. Sacco
7-7359
lsacco@crs.loc.gov
Trade-related agencies:
M. Angeles Villarreal
7-0321
avillarreal@crs.loc.gov
ITA, ITC, USTR, NIPLECC
BIS
Ian F. Fergusson
7-4997
ifergusson@crs.loc.gov
EDA, MBDA
Eugene Boyd
7-8689
eboyd@crs.loc.gov
Telecommunications, NTIA
Linda K. Moore
7-5853
lmoore@crs.loc.gov
Census Bureau, ESA
Jennifer Williams
7-8640
jwilliams@crs.loc.gov
Patent and Trademark Office, NIST
Wendy H. Schacht
7-7066
wschacht@crs.loc.gov
Office of Science and Technology
Dana A. Shea
7-6844
dshea@crs.loc.gov
Policy
NOAA
Harold F. Upton
7-2264
hupton@crs.loc.gov
NASA Daniel
Morgan
7-5849
dmorgan@crs.loc.gov
NSF
Heather B. Gonzalez
7-1895
hgonzalez@crs.loc.gov
Marine Mammal Commission
Eugene H. Buck
7-7262
gbuck@crs.loc.gov
Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission
Abigail B. Rudman
7-9519
arudman@crs.loc.gov
Legal Services Corporation
Carmen Solomon-Fears
7-7306
csolomonfears@crs.loc.gov
State Justice Institute
Denis Steven Rutkus
7-7162
drutkus@crs.loc.gov


Congressional Research Service
66