FY2012 Appropriations Overview: Status of
Discretionary Appropriations Legislation
Marian Leonardo Lawson, Coordinator
Analyst in Foreign Assistance
November 10, 2011
Congressional Research Service
7-5700
www.crs.gov
R42082
CRS Report for Congress
Pr
epared for Members and Committees of Congress
FY2012 Appropriations Overview: Status of Discretionary Appropriations Legislation
Summary
As Congress continues work on FY2012 appropriations legislation, this report presents a snapshot
in time depicting the 12 annual appropriations bills at their current stage in the legislative process.
The report consists primarily of a table showing discretionary appropriations, by bill title, for
each of the pending appropriations proposals, together with the comparable figures enacted for
FY2011. The product is intended to allow for broad comparison between the House and Senate
proposals and the Administration’s request. The figures do not reflect budget scorekeeping
adjustments.
This report will be updated to reflect legislative action.
Congressional Research Service
FY2012 Appropriations Overview: Status of Discretionary Appropriations Legislation
Contents
Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 1
FY2012 Pending Appropriations Legislation .................................................................................. 1
Tables
Table 1. FY2012 Appropriations Side-by-Side: Discretionary Appropriations by
Subcommittee and Bill Title ......................................................................................................... 2
Contacts
Author Contact Information........................................................................................................... 11
Congressional Research Service
FY2012 Appropriations Overview: Status of Discretionary Appropriations Legislation
Introduction
As of November 10, 2011, Congress had not completed action on any of the 12 regular
appropriations bills for FY2012, which began on October 1, 2011. Government activities
requiring annual appropriations are currently being funded through a continuing resolution, P.L.
112-36, which is valid through November 18, 2011. However, proposals for all of the 12 regular
appropriations bills have been reported in one or both chambers, providing some insight into each
chamber’s spending priorities. This report, consisting primarily of a table showing proposed
discretionary appropriations by bill title, based on the most recent action for each bill, is intended
to allow for broad comparison between the Administration’s budget request and the pending
House and Senate proposals for FY2012. For detailed information and CRS analysis specific to
each individual appropriations bill, use the report links on the CRS Appropriations Status Table,
at http://www.crs.gov/Pages/AppropriationsStatusTable.aspx?source=QuickLinks.
A Note on the Budget Control Act of 2011
The pending FY2012 appropriations bills are the first that are impacted by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (P.L. 112-
25), which established discretionary spending caps for FY2012 and FY2013. The BCA distinguishes between security
and non-security spending, setting different caps for the two categories. For FY2012, the cap is $1,043 billion, of
which $684 billion is designated for security spending and $359 billion for non-security. However, the BCA allows for
adjustments to the statutory cap, essential y exempting overseas contingency funds, emergency spending, and, to a
limited extent, disaster relief funds and appropriations for continuing disability reviews and for controlling health care
fraud and abuse. 1 This report does not reflect the scorekeeping adjustments that may bring the total budget
authority provided in the appropriations proposals in line with the BCA caps and the 302(a) and 302(b) allocations.
FY2012 Pending Appropriations Legislation
Table 1 displays discretionary appropriations as provided in pending FY2012 appropriations
proposals, by bill title, together with the appropriations enacted for FY2011. The data will be
updated to reflect legislative action.
Footnotes attached to each section heading note the legislation the data in that section is drawn
from. As noted above, the figures do not reflect budget scoring adjustments and adjustments
allowable under the Budget Control Act of 2011. Readers should be aware that the numbers in
this table reflect, to a great extent, the appropriations conventions and assumptions of each
individual subcommittee and that these conventions and assumptions are not always comparable
across subcommittees (e.g., what is a scorekeeping adjustment on the back-end for one committee
may be netted out in the front-end numbers of another). Where funding has not been approved at
the committee or subcommittee level, the column has been left blank. Security spending is listed
only for proposals in which it was specifically designated, excluding most House proposals,
which were drafted and saw committee action prior to enactment of the Budget Control Act of
2011 on August 2, 2011.
1 For more information on the Budget Control Act of 2011, see CRS Report R41965, The Budget Control Act of 2011,
by Bill Heniff Jr., Elizabeth Rybicki, and Shannon M. Mahan.
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FY2012 Appropriations Overview: Status of Discretionary Appropriations Legislation
Table 1. FY2012 Appropriations Side-by-Side: Discretionary Appropriations by
Subcommittee and Bill Title
(in billions of U.S. $)
FY2011 Enacted
FY2012 Request
FY2012 House
FY2012 Senate
AGRICULTUREa
Title I: Agricultural
Programs
6.885 7.140
6.145 6.658
Title II: Conservation
0.889
0.900
0.784
0.837
Title III: Rural
Development
2.638 2.444
2.238 2.421
Title IV: Domestic
Food
Programs
7.128 7.862
6.322 6.967
Title V: Foreign
Assistance
1.891 2.130
1.391 1.935
Title VI: FDA and
CFTC
2.457b 3.052
2.327 2.506b
Title VII: General
Provisions
0.003 0.000
0.000 0.379
Subtotal,
Discretionary
Appropriation
21.892 23.526
19.207 21.703
Rescissions of prior
year funds
-1.961 -1.246
-1.986 -1.556
Total, net of prior
year
rescissions
19.931 22.280
17.221 20.147
of which, amount
designated as security
spending n.a.
n.a. n.a. 1.750
COMMERCE,
JUSTICE, SCIENCE,
AND RELATED
AGENCIESc
Title I: Commerce
7.579
8.802
7.161
8.192
Title II: Justice
27.058
28.724
26.323
26.593
Title III: Science
25.315
26.498
23.649
24.643
Title IV: Related
Agencies
0.918 0.991
0.815 0.903
Subtotal,
Discretionary
Appropriations 60.868
65.016
57.949d 60.331
Rescissions of prior
year funds
-2.416
0.840
1.053
0.830
Total, net of prior
year
rescissions
58.452 64.176
56.896 59.501
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FY2012 Appropriations Overview: Status of Discretionary Appropriations Legislation
FY2011 Enacted
FY2012 Request
FY2012 House
FY2012 Senate
of which, amount
designated as security
spending n.a.
n.a. n.a. 0.078
DEFENSEe
Title I: Military
126.740
132.097 132.092
131.001
Personnel
Title II: Operation
and
Maintenance
165.56 170.759
169.975 162.550
Title III: Procurementf 102.122 111.153
107.581 102.118
Title IV: Research and
Development
74.957 75.325
72.983 71.034
Title V: Revolving and
Management
Funds 2.909 2.701
2.676 2.263
Title VI: Defense
Health Program and
other DOD
Programs
34.313 35.520
35.678 35.628
Title VII: Related
Agencies
0.942 1.106
0.972 1.107
Title VIII: General
Provisions
(not including
rescissions) -3.104
0.029
-1.103
-0.621
Title IX: Overseas
Contingency
Operations
157.680 117.726
119.147 117.846
Subtotal,
Discretionary
Appropriations
662.119 646.416
640.001 622.926
Rescissions of prior
year funds
-2.014
0
-1.675
-2.685
Total, net of prior
year rescissions
660.106 646.416
638.326 620.241
of which, amount
designated as security
spending n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
620.241
ENERGY-WATERg
Title I: Corps of
4.857 4.631
4.813 4.864
Engineers
Title II: CUP &
1.094 1.051
1.000 1.067
Reclamation
Title III: Department
25.591 30.925
24.892 25.931
of Energy
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FY2012 Appropriations Overview: Status of Discretionary Appropriations Legislation
FY2011 Enacted
FY2012 Request
FY2012 House
FY2012 Senate
Title IV: Independent
0.247 0.268
0.277 0.241
Agencies
Emergency Spending
— —
1.029
1.045
(disaster relief, Corps
of Engineers (Title I)
Subtotal,
Discretionary
Appropriations
31.790 36.875
32.011 33.148
Rescissions of prior
year fundsh
— -0.299
-1.314 -0.313
Total, net of prior
year rescissions
31.790
36.576
30.697
32.835
of which, amount
designated as security
spendingi n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
11.050
FINANCIAL
SERVICES –
GENERAL
GOVERNMENTj
Title I: Department
of the Treasury
13.495
14.638
12.796
12.987
Title II: Executive
Office of the
President
0.710 0.750
0.651 0.671
Title III: The Judiciary
6.478
6.856
6.326
6.496
Title IV: The District
of
Columbia
0.699 0.717
0.637 0.658
Title V: Independent
Agencies
2.716 5.044
2.048 3.262
Subtotal,
Discretionary
Appropriations 24.098
28.005
22.458
24.074
Rescissions of Prior
Year Funds -0.435
-0.611
-0.647 -0.767
Total, Net of prior
year
rescissions
23.663 27.394
21.811 23.307
of which, amount
designated as security
spending n.a.
n.a. n.a. 0.000
HOMELAND
SECURITYk
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FY2012 Appropriations Overview: Status of Discretionary Appropriations Legislation
FY2011 Enacted
FY2012 Request
FY2012 House
FY2012 Senate
Title I: Management
and
Operations
1.287 1.447
0.811 1.156
Title II: Security,
Enforcement and
Investigationsl
31.785 31.772
31.452 31.410
Title III: Protection,
Preparedness,
Response and
Recovery 8.557
8.244
7.079
11.194m
Title IV: Research,
Development,
Training Assessments
and
Services
1.586 2.154
1.283 1.461
Title V: General
Provisions 0.085
0
0
0.082n
Title VI: Emergency
Supplemental Funding
for Disaster Reliefo
0 0
[1,000] 0
Subtotal,
Discretionary
Appropriations
42.300 43.617
40.624 45.303
Rescissions of Prior
Year Funds -0.557
-0.042
-0.033
-0.103p
Total, net of prior
year rescissions
41.743 43.576
40.591 45.200
of which, amount
designated as security
spending
n.a. n.a.
n.a.
45.200
INTERIORq
Title I: Department
of the Interior
10.860
11.084
9.885
—
Title II:
—
Environmental
Protection Agency
8.822
9.023
7.289
Title III: Related
—
Agencies 10.699
11.451
10.458
Title IV: General
—
Provisions 0.002
—
—
Subtotal,
—
Discretionary
Appropriations
30.383 31.558
27.632
Rescissions of Prior
—
Year Funds
-0.826
-0.272
-0.170
Total, net of prior
—
year rescissions
29.558
31.286
27.462
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FY2012 Appropriations Overview: Status of Discretionary Appropriations Legislation
FY2011 Enacted
FY2012 Request
FY2012 House
FY2012 Senate
of which, amount
—
designated as security
spending n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
LABOR-HHS-
EDUCATIONr
Title I: Department
of Labor
12.667
13.824
—
12.688
Title II: Department
of Health and Human
Services 70.444
73.116
—
70.183
Title III: Department
of Education
68.345
77.400
—
68.426
Title IV: Related
Agencies 13.847
15.175
—
14.088
Subtotal,
Discretionary
Appropriations 165.304
178.516
—
165.384
Rescissions of Prior
Year Funding
-2.354 -0.025s
—
—
Total, net of prior
year rescissions
162.950 178.491
—
165.384
of which, amount
designated as security
spending
n.a. n.a.
—
0.299
LEGISLATIVE
BRANCHt
Title I: Legislative
Branch
4.559 4.857
3.320 4.208
Subtotal,
Discretionary
Appropriations
4.559 4.857
3.320 4.208
Rescissions of prior
year fundingu -0.015
0
0
-0.017
Total, net of prior
year
rescissions
4.544 4.857
3.320 4.191
of which, amount
designated as security
spending n.a.
n.a. n.a. 0.010
MILITARY
CONSTRUCTION -
VETERANSv
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FY2012 Appropriations Overview: Status of Discretionary Appropriations Legislation
FY2011 Enacted
FY2012 Request
FY2012 House
FY2012 Senate
Title I: Military
Construction
17.449 14.766
14.452 13.717
Title II: Veterans
Affairsw
56.336 58.775
58.300 58.594
Title III: Other
Related
Agencies
0.228 0.246
0.221 0.221
Title IV: Military
Construction,
Overseas
Contingency
Operations
1.222 —
— —
Subtotal,
Discretionary
Appropriations
75.235 73.787
72.973 72.532
Rescissions of prior
year
funds
-0.827 0
-0.388 0
Total, net of prior
year rescissions
74.408
73.787
72.585
72.532
of which, amount
designated as security
spending
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
13.717
STATE-FOREIGN
OPERATIONSx
Title I: State
Department &
Relatedy
15.792 19.363
16.286 17.678
Title II: USAID
Admin.
1.527 1.744
1.124 1.545
Title III: Bilateral
Economic
Assistance 21.209 23.744
18.899 21.060
Title IV:
Military/Security
Assistance
8.117 11.323
9.970 10.715
Title V: Multilateral
Assistance
2.303 3.668
1.574 3.219
Title VI: Export Aidz -0.131 -0.345
-0.429 -0.409
Subtotal,
Discretionary
Appropriations
48.817 59.497
47.424 53.808
Rescissions of prior
year funds
-0.646
—
-0.252
-0.464
Total, net of prior
year rescissions
48.171
59.497
47.172
53.344
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FY2012 Appropriations Overview: Status of Discretionary Appropriations Legislation
FY2011 Enacted
FY2012 Request
FY2012 House
FY2012 Senate
of which, amount
designated as security
spending
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
53.208
TRANSPORTATION
- HUDaa
Title 1: Dept. of
Transportationbb 13.726cc 33.893dd 16.693
19.807
Title II: Dept. of
Housing and Urban
Developmentbb 41.113ee 42.080
38.086 37.319
Title III: Related
Agenciesbb 0.539
0.377
0.371
0.421ff
Rescissions of prior
year fundsgg
(non-add)
[3.927]
[0.064]
[0.112]
[0.571]hh
Total, Net of prior
year rescissionsbb 55.378 76.350
55.150
57.548ii
of which, amount
designated as security
spending
n.a. n.a.
n.a. n.a.
Source: See footnotes correlating with each section header for source data.
Notes: Numbers may not add due to rounding. Numbers in brackets are non-adds. Security funding has been
identified only for proposals in which such funding is specifically designated in the bill or report, which are those
which were introduced after enactment of the Budget Control Act on August 2, 2011.
a. This section prepared by Jim Monke. The House amounts are from H.R. 2112, as passed by the House on
June 16, 2011. The Senate amounts are from H.R. 2112, as passed by the Senate on November 1, 2011.
b. The FY2011 and Senate FY2012 amounts do not include the Commodity Futures Trading Commission
(CFTC), which was not included because CFTC is not in the jurisdiction of the Senate Agriculture
appropriations subcommittee. To make totals comparable with the House and Requested amounts, one
would add $0.202 billion in FY2011 and $0.240 billion in the Senate FY2012 columns to account for CFTC
appropriations that are in Financial Services appropriations.
c. This section prepared by Nathan James. House data was taken from H.R. 2596, which was approved by the
House Committee on Appropriations on July 13, 2011. Senate data was taken from the Senate-passed
version of H.R. 2112, which was approved by the Senate on November 1, 2011.
d. The House committee-reported amounts include a 0.1% rescission of all discretionary accounts in the bill,
except the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Operations, Research, and
Facilities (ORF) account, per section 543 of the bill. The rescission, which was included to offset a $0.048
billion increase in NOAA’s ORF account, is not reflected in the amounts included in H.R. 2596 and H.Rept.
112-169.
e. This section prepared by Pat Towell. Data is from S.Rept. 112-77, Report of the Senate Appropriations
Committee on H.R. 2219, the FY2012 DOD Appropriations Bil , pp. 282-89.
f.
The Administration’s FY2012 DOD budget request for procurement included $3.212 billion in “advanced
appropriations” intended to be expended in FY2013-17. None of the congressional defense committees
approved this request and the funds are not reflected in this table, which includes only FY2012 funding.
g. This section prepared by Carl Behrens. Amounts are from H.R. 2354, which passed the House on July 15,
2011, and was reported by the Senate committee on September 7, 2011.
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FY2012 Appropriations Overview: Status of Discretionary Appropriations Legislation
h. The difference between the House and Senate rescissions total is that the House bill would pay for the
emergency spending by a rescission from Title XII of the ARRA (P.L. 111-5).
i.
Security spending includes the total funding for the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) in the
Department of Energy (Title III).
j.
This section prepared by Garrett Hatch. House data is from H.R. 2434, which was approved by the House
Appropriations Committee on June 23, 2011 (see H.Rept. 112-136); Senate data is from S. 1573, approved
by the Senate Appropriations Committee on September 15, 2011 (see S.Rept. 112-79).
k. This section prepared by William Painter. Numbers represent discretionary budget authority
(appropriations) as reflected in the Comparative Statements of Budget Authority contained in H.Rept. 112-
91 and S.Rept. 112-74, in the titles in which it was requested by the Administration or recommended by the
House or Senate. House numbers are adjusted to reflect floor action. Funding eligible for a BCA cap
adjustment is included in the totals by title. Rescissions are only reflected in the second to last line of the
section—not in the titles in which they appear.
l.
Does not include $1,440,157,000 mandatory funding for Coast Guard retired pay, or offsetting col ections
for TSA. Coast Guard’s OCO activity is requested in the Department of Defense’s budget, but is provided
in both House and Senate versions of the Homeland Security appropriations bill. As it does not register
against the 302(b) it is not included in this line.
m. Includes $4,200,000,000 in DRF funding “paid for” by an increase to the discretionary budget cap as al owed
by the BCA.
n. Does not count $18,300,000 in emergency funding for Coast Guard helicopter replacement.
o. Included for reference only—the House bill included a transfer of $1,000,000,000 in emergency funds from
the Department of Energy to the Disaster Relief Fund. It also included a further rescission of $500,000 in
emergency funds from the same Department of Energy account to provide adequate outlays.
p. Does not count $18,300,000 in rescissions of prior-year emergency funding to pay for Coast Guard
helicopter replacement.
q. This section prepared by Carol Hardy-Vincent. House data is from H.R. 2584, approved by the House
Appropriations Committee on July 12, 2011 (see H.Rept. 112-151). The Senate has not approved an
Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies proposal at any level, though a draft bill released by the Senate
Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies on October 14, 2011 is
available at http://appropriations.senate.gov/news.cfm?method=news.view&id=3f4832f4-6adb-4be8-9c6f-
eabff62cc056.
r. This section prepared by Karen Lynch. Amounts shown in the FY2012 Senate column are calculated based
on discretionary amounts in Senate bill S. 1599, as reported by the Senate Committee on Appropriations
(S.Rept. 112-84) on September 22, 2011. Amounts shown for the FY2012 request are from CRS Report
R42010, Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2012 Appropriations, for which estimates were
calculated using a draft table from the House Committee on Appropriations and various President’s Budget
materials. FY2012 request estimates shown here may differ from other estimates of the President’s Budget,
including those displayed in S.Rept. 112-84. Title totals include advance appropriations for subsequent years,
but not prior year advances (i.e., amounts represent total funding provided in the bill, regardless of the year
in which the funding becomes available). Except as noted, these amounts have not been adjusted for
scorekeeping (including adjustments for offsetting collections) or for comparability. Funds eligible for BCA
cap adjustments (e.g., certain funds for continuing disability reviews and for health care fraud and abuse
control) are included in the totals. No amounts are shown for House bill H.R. 3070, because this bill has
not yet been marked up or reported by the House Committee on Appropriations.
s. The FY2012 President’s Budget, which was released prior to the enactment of the final FY2011 continuing
resolution (P.L. 112-10), requested a rescission of unobligated prior year funding (estimated at $25 million)
from Job Corps at the Department of Labor.
t.
This section prepared by Ida Brudnick. The House data reflects the bill (H.R. 2551) which passed the House,
as amended, on July 22, 2011 (Rol no. 629; 252-159), but without scorekeeping. The House, by tradition,
does not include funding for the Senate or for the Senate Office Buildings heading for the Architect of the
Capitol. The Senate Appropriations Committee reported the bill on September 15, 2011, and the data
reflect the levels in S.Rept. 112-80. The report (p. 54) indicates that $10 million of the Senate total is for
security discretionary spending. This report also included a FY2012 budget request for the Joint Committee
on Inaugural Activities, which the House did not.
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FY2012 Appropriations Overview: Status of Discretionary Appropriations Legislation
u. Does not include offsetting collections.
v. This section prepared by Daniel Else. House data is from H.R. 2055, as passed by the House on June 16,
2011 (H.Rept. 112-94) and Senate data is from H.R. 2055 as amended and passed by the Senate on July 20,
2011(S.Rept. 112-29).
w. Does not include either mandatory appropriations or advance appropriations for FY2013.
x. This section was prepared by Marian Lawson. Senate data is from S. 1610, approved by the Senate
Appropriations Committee on September 21, 2011 (see S.Rept. 112-85); House data is from un-numbered
legislation approved by the House State-Foreign Operations Appropriations Subcommittee on July 21, 2011
(see un-numbered report at http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/FY12-SFOPSCombinedReport-
CSBA.pdf).
y. Does not include $158.9 million in each proposal for mandatory contributions to the Foreign Service
Retirement account.
z. Reflect offsetting col ections of the Export-Import Bank and the Overseas Private Investment Corporation,
which exceed appropriated funds for these accounts. Without offsetting col ections, the appropriation
would be $0.350 for the Administration request, $0.266 for the House bill and $0.286 for the Senate bill.
aa. This section prepared by Maggie McCarty and D. Randy Peterman. House data is from a summary table
(available at http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/
9.7.11_THUD_Subcommittee_Draft_Summary_Table.pdf) accompanying un-numbered draft legislation
approved by the House Appropriations THUD subcommittee on September 8, 2011 (available at
http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/FY_2012THUD.bill_xml.pdf); FY2011 funding levels and
President’s budget funding levels are taken from S.Rept. 112-83 accompanying S. 1596, reported by the
Senate Appropriations Committee on September 21, 2011. Senate totals for FY2012 are taken from CBO
report for the Senate-passed version of H.R. 2112 due to floor changes in the HUD total. Because a
complete House funding table is not available, we cannot confirm that the House totals taken from the
summary document and presented in this table are comparable to the Senate numbers or the President’s
request numbers shown in this table.
bb. Rescissions of prior year unobligated balances are reflected in the title totals, as are offsetting receipts,
offsetting collections, and advance appropriations provided in the bill.
cc. $17.612 billion prior to rescission of prior-year funding.
dd. The House and Senate Committees on Appropriation counted a portion of the $50 billion “up-front”
funding requested as part of the Administration’s surface transportation reauthorization proposal—virtually
al of which was requested from trust funds (which typical y is not included under discretionary funding
totals)—in their calculation of the Administration’s FY2012 discretionary request total. CBO estimated the
FY2012 discretionary request at $13.47 billion.
ee. Amount does not match amount from S.Rept. 112-83 because of a difference in the treatment of advance
appropriations. S.Rept. 112-83 shows a Title II total of $41.103 billion.
ff. Includes the costs of a floor amendment related to an extension of the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac loan
limits and the resulting implications for the Veteran’s Administration housing benefit program fund.
gg. Rescissions of prior year unobligated balances (including rescissions of contract authority) are already
reflected in the title totals, so they are identified in this line but not subtracted out again.
hh. Amount does not include rescission of $750 million of current year funding taken from prior year advance
in the tenant-based rental assistance account. The “savings” from that rescission is reflected in the Title II
total.
ii. Totals include $2.3 billion in emergency funding for disaster relief ($1.9 billion in Title I and $400 million in
Title II) provided by S. 1596. Excluding the emergency funding, the total would be $55,250 billion.
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Author Contact Information
Marian Leonardo Lawson, Coordinator
Karen E. Lynch
Analyst in Foreign Assistance
Analyst in Social Policy
mlawson@crs.loc.gov, 7-4475
klynch@crs.loc.gov, 7-6899
Carl E. Behrens
Maggie McCarty
Specialist in Energy Policy
Specialist in Housing Policy
cbehrens@crs.loc.gov, 7-8303
mmccarty@crs.loc.gov, 7-2163
Ida A. Brudnick
Jim Monke
Specialist on the Congress
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
ibrudnick@crs.loc.gov, 7-6460
jmonke@crs.loc.gov, 7-9664
Daniel H. Else
William L. Painter
Specialist in National Defense
Analyst in Emergency Management and Homeland
delse@crs.loc.gov, 7-4996
Security Policy
wpainter@crs.loc.gov, 7-3335
Carol Hardy Vincent
David Randall Peterman
Specialist in Natural Resources Policy
Analyst in Transportation Policy
chvincent@crs.loc.gov, 7-8651
dpeterman@crs.loc.gov, 7-3267
Garrett Hatch
Pat Towell
Analyst in American National Government
Specialist in U.S. Defense Policy and Budget
ghatch@crs.loc.gov, 7-7822
ptowell@crs.loc.gov, 7-2122
Nathan James
Analyst in Crime Policy
njames@crs.loc.gov, 7-0264
Congressional Research Service
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