.

State, Foreign Operations, and Related
Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations
Marian Leonardo Lawson
Analyst in Foreign Assistance
Susan B. Epstein
Specialist in Foreign Policy
Tamara J. Resler
Analyst in Foreign Affairs
April 14, 2011
Congressional Research Service
7-5700
www.crs.gov
R41228
CRS Report for Congress
P
repared for Members and Committees of Congress
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

Summary
The annual State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs appropriations bill has been the
primary legislative vehicle through which Congress reviews the U.S. international affairs budget
and influences executive branch foreign policy making in recent years, as Congress has not
regularly considered these issues through a complete authorization process for State Department
diplomatic activities since 2003 and for foreign aid programs since 1985. Funding for Foreign
Operations and State Department/Broadcasting programs has been steadily rising since FY2002,
after a period of decline in the 1980s and 1990s. Ongoing assistance to Iraq and Afghanistan, as
well as large new global health programs and rapidly increasing assistance to Pakistan, has kept
the international affairs budget at historically high levels in recent years. The change of
Administration in 2009 did not disrupt this trend. However, increasing concern about the federal
budget deficit and accountability for funds already provided may check this growth in FY2011.
On February 1, 2010, President Obama submitted a budget proposal for FY2011 that requested
$58.68 billion for the international affairs budget, a 3% increase over the enacted FY2010
funding level, including supplementals. If $1.8 billion in “forward funding” of FY2010 priorities
appropriated in FY2009 supplemental legislation is counted toward FY2010 rather than FY2009
totals, as it was by the Administration, and the enacted FY2010 supplemental is factored in, the
FY2011 request would represent a slight decrease from FY2010-enacted levels.
This report focuses only on the $56.82 billion requested for programs and activities funded
through the State-Foreign Operations appropriations bill, which excludes some portions of the
International Affairs request and includes funding for certain commissions requested as part of
other budget functions. The Administration requested significant increases for Global Health and
Child Survival, Development Assistance, technical assistance and debt restructuring through the
Treasury Department, Foreign Military Financing, and various multilateral environmental
accounts. Programs for which the Administration recommended significantly reduced funding,
compared with enacted FY2010 levels, are contributions to international organizations,
commissions and foundations, and peacekeeping operations.
The House State-Foreign Operations Appropriations Subcommittee approved a draft FY2011 bill
on June 30, which totaled $52.81 billion. On the Senate side, the full Appropriations Committee
marked up and approved its FY2011 State-Foreign Operations bill, S. 3676, on July 27, totaling
$54.22 billion. Neither bill progressed further, however, and State Department and Foreign
Operations activities, along with all federal programs, have been funded since October 1, 2010,
through a series of continuing resolutions. On April 14, 2011, the House approved H.R. 1473,
legislation embodying an agreement between the Administration and House and Senate leaders to
fund the government for the remainder of FY2011. It is expected that the Senate will approve
H.R. 1473 and President Obama will sign it into law before the current continuing resolution
expires on April 15.
This report analyzes the FY2011 request, recent-year funding trends, and congressional action
related to FY2011 State-Foreign Operations legislation. The report will be updated to reflect
changes in legislative status.

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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

Contents
Continuing Resolution ................................................................................................................ 1
Past Year Developments .............................................................................................................. 1
House Legislation ................................................................................................................. 2
Senate Legislation................................................................................................................. 3
State-Foreign Operations Overview............................................................................................. 5
Background and Trends......................................................................................................... 6
Use of Supplemental and Forward Funding ..................................................................... 7
FY2011 Budget Request.............................................................................................................. 9
FY2011 Budget Request: State Department and Related Programs ...................................... 10
Key State Department Issues ......................................................................................... 12
FY2011 Budget Request: Foreign Operations ...................................................................... 13
Top 10 U.S. Foreign Aid Recipient Countries ................................................................ 14
Regional Distribution .................................................................................................... 15
Sector Distribution ........................................................................................................ 16
Key Foreign Operations Issues ...................................................................................... 18

Figures
Figure 1. State-Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2000-FY2011 .......................................... 6
Figure 2. FY2011 State-Foreign Operations Request Compared to Various
Representations of FY2010 and FY2009 Appropriations .......................................................... 8
Figure 3. Composition of the State-Foreign Operations Budget Request, FY2011 ........................ 9
Figure 4. Graphic Representation of the FY2011 Request for State, Foreign Operations,
and Related Programs, by Major Accounts ............................................................................. 10
Figure 5. State Department and Related Programs Appropriations, FY2001-FY2011 ................. 11
Figure 6. Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2001-FY2011 ................................................. 14
Figure 7. Regional Distribution of Foreign Aid, FY2009-FY2011 Request ................................ 16

Tables
Table 1. Status of State-Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2011 ........................................... 2
Table 2. State-Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2001-FY2011............................................ 5
Table 3. State Department and Related Programs Appropriations, FY2001-FY2011................... 11
Table 4. Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2001-FY2011 .................................................. 14
Table 5. Top 10 Recipients of U.S. Foreign Aid in FY2010, FY2011 Request ............................ 15
Table 6. Selected Sector Funding, FY2009 Request and FY2010 Request.................................. 17
Table C-1. State Department and Related Programs Appropriations, FY2009-FY2011 ............... 23
Table D-1. Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2009-FY2011 .............................................. 26
Table E-1. International Affairs (150) Budget Account, FY2008-FY2010 .................................. 29
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations


Appendixes
Appendix A. Structure of State-Foreign Operations Appropriations ........................................... 21
Appendix B. Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... 22
Appendix C. State Department and Related Programs Appropriations........................................ 23
Appendix D. Foreign Operations Appropriations ....................................................................... 26
Appendix E. International Affairs (150) Budget Account ........................................................... 29

Contacts
Author Contact Information ...................................................................................................... 30
Key Policy Staff........................................................................................................................ 30
Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................... 32

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Continuing Resolution
Congress has passed a series of continuing resolutions (CRs) to fund government programs since
fiscal year 2011 began on October 1, 2010. In the meantime, the House and Senate majority
leadership each proposed comprehensive legislation, H.R. 1 and S.Amdt. 149 to H.R. 1,
respectively, to fund the government for the remainder of FY2011. Both proposals were rejected
by the Senate on March 9, 2011. Ensuing negotiations between the Administration and House and
Senate leaders resulted in an agreement that was introduced in the House on April 11 as H.R.
1473. The legislation was approved by the House on April 14 and is expected to come before the
Senate on April 15.
H.R. 1473 establishes funding levels for State Department and Foreign Operations accounts at a
total of $48.98 billion. This represents a 14% decrease from the Administration’s FY2011 request,
and an 11% decrease from the FY2010 enacted appropriation, including supplementals. Among
the many notable changes in both account funding and policy, H.R. 1473:
• Terminates overseas comparability pay adjustment for foreign service officers.
• Provides no funds for the Asian Development Bank or the International Fund for
Ireland.
• Increases funding for International Broadcasting Operations, with an additional
$10 million provided specifically to fight Internet access restrictions.
• Cuts U.S. Institute of Peace funding by 20% from the enacted FY2010 level, to
$39.4 million.
• Provides $1.35 billion for USAID Operating Expenses, similar to FY2010 levels,
but 9% below the Administration request.
• Provides $7.83 billion for Global Health and Child Survival accounts, a slight
increase over FY2010.
• Increases Foreign Military Finance funding from $4.30 billion in FY2010 to
$5.37 billion in FY2011.
• Does not fund the Pakistan Counterinsurgency Capability Fund, though $800
million is included under the Department of Defense section of the bill for a
similar fund.
• Provides $614 million for international family planning activities, 12% less than
in FY2010, and $40 million for the U.N. Population Fund.
• Includes $205 million total for the International Clean Technology and Strategic
Climate Funds, an 83% reduction from FY2010 funding.
Past Year Developments
On February 14, 2011, President Obama submitted his FY2012 budget request to Congress.
Secretary of State Clinton testified before the House and Senate foreign policy committees in
early March. Congress continues to work on funding for FY2011 as it begins work on the
FY2012 budget.
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On February 1, 2010, the Obama Administration had submitted its FY2011 budget request to
Congress, together with a request for supplemental FY2010 funding for foreign operations
activities. Later that month, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton testified before the House Foreign
Affairs Committee and Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and before each chamber’s State-
Foreign Operations Appropriations Subcommittee. Hearings on aspects of the international affairs
budget request were held throughout March and April.
On April 22, 2010, the Senate Budget Committee passed a budget resolution recommending $4
billion less than the Administration requested for the International Affairs account, prompting
strong objections by foreign aid advocates, including a letter signed by all living former
Secretaries of State urging Congress to fully fund the Administration’s request.1
On July 15 and July 20, 2010, respectively, the Senate and House approved FY2011 discretionary
funding allocations for each appropriations subcommittee, enabling work on appropriations
legislation to move forward in the absence of a budget resolution. For State and Foreign
Operations, the House allocation is $53.9 billion and the Senate allocation is $54.0 billion.
On July 29, 2010, the President signed into law (P.L. 111-212) the FY2010 supplemental, which
provides about $6.1 billion to the Department of State and Foreign Operations funding, largely
for State Department operations and foreign aid to Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, and Haiti.
Table 1. Status of State-Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2011
Subcomittee
Conf. Rept.
Markup
Full Committee
Floor
Passed
Conference
Public Law
House Senate House Senate House Senate Agreement House Senate
Signed
6/30
7/27


House Legislation
On June 30, the House State-Foreign Operations Appropriations Subcommittee marked up and
approved, by voice vote, a draft FY2011 funding bill. The as yet unnumbered measure would
provide $52.81 billion, $4 billion less than the Obama Administration request and $2.3 billion
less than the enacted FY2010 funding level. While funding tables from the draft have been made
available, the text has not. Funding levels by account can be found in Appendix C and Appendix
D. A press release2 from the subcommittee following the bill’s passage highlighted, among others,
that the bill—
• Does not allocate the $3.9 billion requested by the Administration for
Afghanistan, in keeping with Chairwoman Lowey’s June 28 statement that the
subcommittee would not appropriate funds to Afghanistan until recent reports of
aid being diverted out of the country by corrupt officials have been adequately
investigated.3 The subcommittee has requested that GAO audit all U.S. assistance

1 The letter is accessible at http://www.usglc.org/USGLCdocs/
Secretaries%20of%20State%20Letter%20to%20Congress%20April%202010.pdf.
2 Available at http://appropriations.house.gov/images/stories/pdf/sfo/Lowey_Opening_Statement.6.30.10.pdf.
3 See Matthew Rosenberg, “Corruption Suspected in Airlift of Billions in Cash from Kabul,” The Wall Street Journal,
June 25, 2010.
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to Afghanistan for FY2008-FY2010, and included funds in the bill for a Special
Inspector General for Afghan Reconstruction to establish a task force on
corruption.
• For Pakistan, recommends $2.51 billion in assistance.
• For Iraq, includes $351 million to support the transition of security forces
training from military to civilian management.
• Fully funds commitments to Israel, Egypt, and Jordan.
• Recommends $735 million, or $20 million more than requested, for family
planning services, but does not change any provisions of law restricting funds to
organizations that provide abortions or advocate for abortion rights.
• Provides $825 million for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and
Malaria, which is $125 million above the Administration request.
• Includes $1 billion for food security and agricultural development, or 38% less
than the Administration request.
• Recommends $1.34 billion for bilateral and multilateral activities to protect the
environment and address global climate change.
• Recommends $925 million for basic education programs, with an emphasis on
providing alternatives to madrassas, which is almost 10% more than requested.
• Matches the Administrations request of $446.2 million for the Peace Corps,
which is a 12% increase over the FY2010 funding.
Senate Legislation
On July 27, the Senate Appropriations Committee marked up and approved a FY2011 State-
Foreign Operations funding bill, S. 3676.4 The legislation would appropriate $54.22 billion,
which is $1.40 billion less than the House subcommittee draft and $2.61 billion below the
Administration’s request. Of the total provided for State operations, 18.7% is for Afghanistan,
Pakistan, and Iraq. Of the total provided for foreign operations, 15.3% is for those three countries.
Funding levels by account can be found in Appendix C and Appendix D. The bill5—
• For Afghanistan, provides $2.6 billion in assistance, more than $1.2 billion below
the requested amount, and $660 million for State Department operations.
• For Pakistan, provides $2.48 billion in assistance, which is $546 million below
the Administration’s request, as well as $92.6 million for State Department
operations.
• For Iraq, provides $1.6 billion for State Department operations and $529 million
for assistance, or $183 million less than requested.
• Provides the amounts requested for Israel, Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon.

4 The committee report, S.Rept. 111-237, is available at http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=
111_cong_reports&docid=f:sr237.111.pdf.
5 Selected highlights largely from the bill report S.Rept. 111-237 and from the Committee website.
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• For Colombia, provides $447 million, or $17.9 million less than requested.
• Notes lack of authorization for State to retained consular fees, and increases
appropriations above the request, while also suggesting the use of unobligated
funds, to meet funding requests for Diplomatic & Consular Programs, Embassy
Construction & Maintenance, and Worldwide Security Protection accounts that
the Administration proposed to meet through fee retention.
• For State’s Civilian Stabilization Initiative (CSI), recommends $50.0 million,
which is more than a 50%, or $70 million, reduction from FY2010 levels. It calls
for a reduced number of Active and Standby personnel and questions State’s
ability to deploy the proposed number of personnel. It provides no CSI funds for
USAID.
• Proposes to maintain current funding levels for the Asia Foundation and
$100,000 more than FY2010 level for the East-West Center.
• Proposes to increase National Endowment for Democracy (NED) funding from
$118.0 million to $125.0 million, which is $20 million above the Administration
request. Some funds are to be provided for NED programs in Egypt, North
Korea, Cuba, Pakistan, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo by
transferring democracy funds from the Economic Support Fund account to NED.
• Provides $110 million for the Democracy Fund, which was not included in the
Administration’s budget. Many democracy assistance programs were requested
by the Administration under the Economic Support Fund account, however, for
which the committee recommended $655 million less than was requested.
• Provides $14.4 million within the Diplomatic and Consular Programs account to
establish up to 10 new American Centers to improve public diplomacy efforts.
• Recommends continuing the FY2010 level ($1.105 billion) for the Millennium
Challenge Corporation, which is $147.7 million below the President’s request of
$1.280 billion.
• Provides $800 million for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and
Malaria, which is $100 million above the Administration request.
• For bilateral and multilateral climate change programs funded through USAID,
State and Treasury, provides $1.45 billion, which is $130 million above the
FY2010 level but slightly below the request.
• Provides $1.3 billion, or $344 million less than requested, for food security and
agriculture development programs under the Feed the Future initiative.
• Recommends $700 million for family planning programs. The bill also contains
language that reverses the Mexico City policy that bans U.S. foreign assistance to
any country or organization that performs or promotes abortion. The language
allows aid for countries or organizations unless the President certifies those
recipients would use U.S. aid for promoting or performing abortions.
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State-Foreign Operations Overview
The State-Foreign Operations appropriations
Forward Funding
bill funds most programs and activities within
There is disagreement among appropriators and the
the international affairs budget account,
Administration about how to treat certain funds
known as Function 150, including foreign
provided under the FY2009 supplemental (P.L. 111-32)
to address in advance a portion of the FY2010
economic and military assistance,
international affairs request. Unless otherwise noted, the
contributions to international organizations
numbers in this report reflect funding enacted in each
and multilateral financial institutions, State
fiscal year, so this “forward funding” is accounted for in
Department and U.S. Agency for International
FY2009 totals. Throughout this report, footnotes will
Development (USAID) operations, public
indicate when these funds are relevant to the analysis and
how the comparative analysis would change if these funds
diplomacy, and international broadcasting
were attributed to FY2010. Affected accounts include
programs. However, the bill does not align
Diplomatic & Consular Programs; Embassy Security,
perfectly with the international affairs budget.
Construction & Maintenance; Global Health & Child
Food aid, which is appropriated through the
Survival; International Narcotics Control & Law
Enforcement; and Foreign Military Financing.
Agriculture appropriations bill, and the
International Trade Commission and Foreign
Claims Settlement Commission, both funded through the Commerce-Science-Justice
appropriation, are international affairs (Function 150) programs not funded through the State-
Foreign Operations appropriations bill. Furthermore, a number of international commissions that
are not part of the Function 150, such as the International Boundary and Water Commission, are
funded through the State-Foreign Operations bill. A chart illustrating the organizational structure
of the State-Foreign Operations appropriations bill is provided in Appendix A.
This report focuses only on accounts funded through the State-Foreign Operations appropriations
bill, but provides appropriations figures for the entire international affairs (Function 150) budget
in Appendix E.
Table 2 and Figure 1 show State-Foreign Operations appropriations for the past decade in both
current and constant dollars.
Table 2. State-Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2001-FY2011
(in billions of current and 2011 constant dollars)
FY10
FY11

FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08
FY09
Est.
Req.
Current
$ 23.22 24.25 31.72 48.34 34.23 34.25 37.28 40.47 50.50 55.11 56.82
Constant

2011
$ 29.40 30.22 38.51 57.04 38.95 37.64 39.89 41.77 52.07 55.88 56.82
Source: Summary and Highlights, International Affairs Function 150, FY2011 and CRS calculations.
Notes: Figures include all enacted appropriations, regular and supplemental. The $1.8 billion for State/and
Foreign Operations that was considered forward funding for FY2010 in P.L. 111-32, the Supplemental
Appropriations Act, 2009, is included in the FY2009 total.
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Figure 1. State-Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2000-FY2011
60
50
40
llions
bi 30
n
i
20
US$,
10
0
1
02
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
est.
req.
FY0
FY
FY0
FY0
FY0
FY0
FY0
FY0
FY0
0
1
FY1
FY1
current US$
constant 2010 US$

Source: Summary and Highlights, International Affairs Function 150, FY2011, and CRS calculations.
Background and Trends
U.S. national security, commercial, and humanitarian interests are the rationale for most
international affairs activities. During the Cold War, foreign aid and diplomatic programs had a
primarily anti-communist focus, while concurrently pursuing other U.S. policy interests, such as
promoting economic development, advancing U.S. trade, expanding access to basic education and
health care, promoting human rights, and protecting the environment. In the 1990s, with the Cold
War ended, distinct policy objectives—including stopping nuclear weapons proliferation, curbing
the production and trafficking of illegal drugs, expanding peace efforts in the Middle East,
achieving regional stability, protecting religious freedom, and countering trafficking in persons—
replaced the Cold War-shaped foreign policy objectives.
A defining change in focus came following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the United
States. Since then, U.S. foreign aid and diplomatic programs have emphasized national security
objectives, frequently cast in terms of contributing to efforts to counter terrorism. In 2002,
President Bush released a National Security Strategy that for the first time established global
development as the third pillar of U.S. national security, along with defense and diplomacy.
Development was again underscored in the Administration’s re-statement of the National Security
Strategy released on March 16, 2006.
Also in 2002, foreign assistance budget justifications began to highlight the war on terrorism as
the top foreign aid priority, emphasizing U.S. assistance to 28 “front-line” states—countries that
cooperated with the United States in the war on terrorism or faced terrorist threats themselves.6

6 According to the State Department, these “front-line” states in 2002 included Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Colombia, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Georgia, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Kazakhstan,
Kenya, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
(continued...)
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Large reconstruction programs in Afghanistan and Iraq exemplified the emphasis on using foreign
aid to combat terrorism. State Department efforts focused extensively on diplomatic security and
finding more effective ways of presenting American views and culture through public diplomacy,
particularly in Muslim communities.
The Obama Administration has carried forward many Bush foreign aid initiatives, including
USAID’s Development Leadership Initiative (DLI), the Millennium Challenge Corporation, and
robust assistance to Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. The Obama Administration has also largely
sustained Bush Administration investments in global health and HIV/AIDS treatment, though its
Global Health Initiative shifts the emphasis away from a focus on discrete diseases and toward
comprehensive health systems. In the FY2011 request, the Administration further defines its
international priorities, with an emphasis on building State Department and USAID capacity,
supporting multilateral food security and global climate change initiatives, and shifting
responsibility for assistance programs in Iraq and elsewhere from military to civilian authorities.
Use of Supplemental and Forward Funding
Year-to-year comparison of funding levels has become increasingly complicated due to the use of
supplemental appropriations. Supplemental resources for State and Foreign Operations programs,
once used primarily to respond to unanticipated emergencies or natural disasters, became a
significant and continuous source of funds for ongoing international activities during the Bush
Administration, especially for programs related to reconstruction efforts and corresponding to
ongoing military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Some criticized this practice, which kept
significant funds separate from the annual budget cycle and made future-year planning difficult.
The Obama Administration requested $6.16 billion in supplemental funds for FY2010 to meet
needs in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, and Haiti. Congress approved $6.18 billion in FY2010
supplemental funds for these and other priorities on July 27.7
Year-to-year comparison has also been complicated by recent use of forward funding
mechanisms, whereby appropriations legislation may provide funding for multiple fiscal years.
One FY2008 supplemental,8 for example, included $3.68 billion within a section titled “Bridge
Fund Supplemental Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2009,” essentially providing a FY2009
supplement before the FY2009 base appropriation was enacted. These funds were clearly
designated as FY2009 funds, to be obligated between October 2008 and September 2009. Less
clear, however, is the appropriate designation for $1.8 billion9 included in an FY2009
supplemental appropriations measure10 that House and Senate appropriators considered forward
funding of priorities identified in the FY2010 request, but which were not clearly designated as

(...continued)
Uzbekistan, and Yemen.
7 P.L. 111-212.
8 P.L. 110-252.
9 The Administration cites $1.8 billion as the forward-funded level in the CBJ, while House appropriators reportedly
count $2.4 billion intended as forward funding. The discrepancy apparently relates to the treatment of the Pakistan
Counterinsurgency Contingency Fund and a portion of Foreign Military Financing funds to Mexico. Until the House
produces legislation for FY2011, clarifying their approach to accounting for these funds, “forward funding” in this
report will refer only to the $1.8 billion detailed in the CBJ.
10 P.L. 111-32.
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FY2010 funds in the enacting legislation and accompanying report.11 In the FY2011
Congressional Budget Justification (CBJ), the Administration included these funds in FY2010
account totals in many instances, while the Congressional Budget Office is treating them as
FY2009 appropriations, as does this report.
The inclusion of supplemental funds and the accounting used for forward funds can significantly
affect year-to-year comparisons of appropriations levels. For example, the FY2011 request is
slightly less than the FY2010 total if the FY2010 supplemental and forward funding are included
in the FY2010 column, but represents a 16% increase if the supplemental funds are excluded and
the forward funding is counted in FY2009 rather than FY2010. Figure 2 compares the FY2011
State-Foreign Operations budget request with various representations of FY2010 and FY2009
appropriations.
Figure 2. FY2011 State-Foreign Operations Request Compared to Various
Representations of FY2010 and FY2009 Appropriations
(in billions of current dollars)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
FY2011 Req.
56.81
FY2010 w/FF & Supp.
56.94
FY2010 w/Supp
55.11
FY2010 w/FF
50.76
FY2010 Base
48.93
FY2009 w/FF & Supp.
50.66
FY2009 w/ Supp.
48.83
FY2009 Base
36.78
Base
Forward Fund
Enacted Supp.

Source: State Department data; CRS calculations.
Note: FF = forward funding. These figures reflect the composition of the State-Foreign Operations
appropriations bill, not the 150 budget account. FY2009 supplemental funding legislation includes P.L. 110-252,
P.L. 111-5, and P.L. 111-32.

11 Reports accompanying the House-passed and Senate committee-approved FY2010 State-Foreign Operations
appropriations bills (H.Rept. 111-187 and S.Rept. 111-44, respectively) indicate what each subcommittee considered
forward funding for FY2010. The legislative language was rolled into an omnibus bill; the statement accompanying the
omnibus legislation (H.Rept. 111-366) did not include the forward-funding language, but did note that the reports were
to be used as guidance.
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FY2011 Budget Request
On February 1, 2010, the Obama Administration sent its FY2011 international affairs (Function
150 account) budget request to Congress, corresponding to a total of $56.81 billion requested for
the Department of State, foreign operations, and related programs. This represents a 3% increase
from enacted FY2010 funding,12 and 4.5% of the total discretionary budget authority requested by
the Administration for FY2011. Figure 3 provides a breakout of the request by assistance type.
Figure 3. Composition of the State-Foreign Operations Budget Request, FY2011
State Admin.
International
Other
22%
Orgs.
MCC
1%
7%
International
2%
Broadcasting
Multilateral Aid
1%
6%
USAID Admin.
3%
Military Aid
12%
Bilateral
Economic Aid
46%

Source: Fiscal Year 2011 Budget of the United States Government and CRS calculations.
Figure 4 shows the major accounts in the bill in proportion to the whole request, and indicates for
each account whether the requested funding level represents an increase or decrease over the
FY2010-enacted appropriation level. Just five accounts—Diplomatic and Consular Programs,
Economic Support Fund, Global Health and Child Survival, Foreign Military Financing, and
Development Assistance—make up more than 60% of the total funding requested. While the
request for several of these accounts is less than the enacted FY2010 level, such apparent
decreases are the result of significant FY2010 supplemental appropriations being enacted after the
FY2011 request was submitted, and do not necessarily reflect an intention to reduce spending in
those accounts. For example, the Economic Support Fund request was 23% above the enacted
FY2010 level at the time it was submitted, but is 12% below the current enacted level, after
Congress approved $2.5 billion in supplemental funds for that account. For a full listing of funds
requested for State, Foreign Operations and Related Agency accounts, see Appendix C and
Appendix D.

12 If the $1.8 billion in “forward funds” are included in the FY2010 total, rather than FY2009, the FY2011 request
represents a 12% increase over the FY2010-enacted level, or a 4% decrease from the enacted plus requested
supplemental level.
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Figure 4. Graphic Representation of the FY2011 Request for State, Foreign
Operations, and Related Programs, by Major Accounts

Source: FY2011 State-Foreign Operations Congressional Budget Justification; CRS calculations.
Notes: Accounts for which the amount requested was less than 0.5% of the total request are represented in
aggregate as “other.” WB = World Bank; AEECA = Assistance to Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia.
* No funds have been enacted for the Pakistan Counterinsurgency Fund or the Global Food Security Fund in
FY2010, making a comparison to FY2010 not applicable. If FY2009 supplemental funds for the Pakistan
Counterinsurgency Fund are considered forward funding for FY2010, the increase from FY2010-enacted to
FY2011-requested would be 58%.
FY2011 Budget Request: State Department and Related Programs13
The Administration’s FY2011 budget request for the Department of State, international
broadcasting, and related programs is $17.41 billion, a 1.2% decrease from the FY2010-enacted
level of $17.62 billion, including the mandatory Foreign Service Retirement Fund14 and $1.52

13 Ken Nakamura wrote this section, but has since retired from CRS. Tamara Resler will be following the updates of the
Department of State and Related Agency appropriations and can be reached at 7-7367.
14 If forward funding of $374.38 million for Diplomatic and Consular Programs and $90.9 million for Embassy
Security, Construction & Maintenance, provided in the Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-32), are
included in the FY2010 total, the FY2011 increase would be 5%.
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

billion in supplemental funds. Related programs funded in the State portion of the bill include the
Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG), contributions to International Organizations (CIO),
including the United Nations (U.N.), U.N. Peacekeeping (CIPA), and funding for several
International Commissions and the U.S. Institute for Peace. Also included are funding for The
Asia Foundation, the National Endowment for Democracy, and several other independent non-
profit educational and exchange organizations which help advance U.S. interests. (For a
description of all the accounts within the State Department segment of the bill, see CRS Report
R40482, State, Foreign Operations Appropriations: A Guide to Component Accounts, by Curt
Tarnoff and Tamara J. Resler.)
Table 3 and Figure 5 show appropriations for the State Department and related programs over
the past decade in both current and constant dollars.
Table 3. State Department and Related Programs Appropriations, FY2001-FY2011
(discretionary budget authority in billions of current and 2011 constant dollars)
FY11

FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10
est. Req.
Current
$ 6.91 7.71 8.05 9.29 10.78 11.12 10.90 13.57 16.18
17.62 17.41
Constant
2011
$
8.75 9.61 9.77 10.96 12.27 12.22 11.66 14.00 16.66
17.87 17.41
Source: The Department of State Congressional Budget Justifications, FY2001-FY2011, and CRS calculations.
Notes: Figures include all enacted appropriations, regular and supplemental. The $465.3 million for
State/Related Programs accounts that was forward funding for FY2010 priorities in P.L. 111-32, the Supplemental
Appropriations Act, 2009, is included in the FY2009 total rather than the FY2010 estimate.
Figure 5. State Department and Related Programs Appropriations, FY2001-FY2011
20
18
s 16
n 14
illio 12
b 10
8
$, in
S 6
U 4
2
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
st.
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
1 req.
FY10 e FY1
Current $
Constant 2010 $

Source: The Department of State Congressional Budget Justifications, FY2001-FY2011, and CRS calculations.
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

Key State Department Issues
In reviewing the FY2011 State Department budget request, the following issues stand out as
being Administration priorities or representing significant changes from existing policy or
funding levels.
Support Missions in Iraq and Other Front-Line States
The FY2011 request includes significant funding to support U.S. missions in Iraq, Afghanistan,
and Pakistan, where additional logistics support, security, and information technology are needed
to keep up with increasing staff levels and program responsibilities. The Administration requested
$1.79 billion to support the U.S. mission in Iraq, for the abovementioned purposes as well as
support for Provincial Reconstruction Teams transitioning from military to State management,15
exchange programs, and the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction. The
Administration is requesting $754 million to support 1,500 civilian staff from various agencies in
Afghanistan, and $102 million for operational support of public diplomacy activities in Pakistan.
Growth in Foreign Service Capacity
The Administration is requesting $9.55 billion for Diplomatic & Consular Programs (D&CP) in
FY2011, which would maintain the high funding level reached in FY2010 through a $1.33 billion
supplemental appropriation for the account.16 D&CP funds most State Department salaries and
expenses, and growth in FY2010 and the FY2011 request reflects the Administration’s strategic
plan to increase Foreign Service capacity by 25% over FY2008 levels by FY2014. Secretary of
State Clinton has described the strategy as a means to reduce the State Department’s reliance on
contractors, which she believes will improve accountability and save money in the long term. The
FY2011 request would fund 599 new positions, including 410 foreign service officers and 189
civil service personnel, and expand and improve training in critical languages.
Retention of Consular Fees
The State Department seeks authority in the FY2011 request to retain all passport and consular
fees, some of which are currently retained by the Treasury. The Administration views this as a
mechanism to cover the full cost of consular services more efficiently. Congress, however, has
expressed concern about this new funding mechanism, which would operate outside of the regular
appropriations process and could no longer be used to off-set expenditures in the budgeting
process. If the request is granted, State anticipates an additional $2.59 billion in available fees, a
45% increase over the FY2010 estimate.

15 The Department will be realigning infrastructure in FY2011 by closing 11of the 16 current PRTs . Four of the five
remaining PRTs are co-located with the military with much of the support costs assumed by the military. As the
military withdrawals during the transition, the State Department will assume greater responsibility for these costs,
which include utilities, storage, housing, furniture, IT infrastructure and equipment, building leases, and general
support costs.
16 The Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2009, P.L. 111-32, forward funded $374.38 million for Diplomatic and
Consular Programs for FY2010.
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

Proposed Reductions in Funding
The Administration has proposed reductions in funding for voluntary contributions to
international organizations and foundations, among others. The request for international
organizations is $1.6 billion, a 5% decrease from FY2010, reflecting reduced or eliminated
contributions to several U.N. organizations, including the U.N. High Commission on Refugees,
U.N. Development Fund for Women, U.N. Development Program, U.N. Children’s Fund
(UNICEF), and the U.N. Population Fund (UNFPA). Contributions to several foundations
supported by the bill would be reduced from FY2010 levels as well. The Asia Foundation request
is 17% lower than the FY2010 level, at $15.7 million; the East-West Center faces a 50%
reduction, to $11.4 million; and the National Endowment for Democracy would see an 11% cut,
to $105 million.
FY2011 Budget Request: Foreign Operations
The Foreign Operations budget comprises the majority of U.S. foreign assistance programs, both
bilateral and multilateral. (See Appendix D for Foreign Operations accounts and funding levels.)
The annual State-Foreign Operations Appropriations bill funds most U.S. bilateral development
assistance programs, with the main exception being food assistance appropriated through the
Agriculture Appropriations bill (for which $1.89 billion was appropriated in FY2010 and the
same amount requested for FY2011). These funds are managed primarily by USAID and the State
Department, together with several smaller independent foreign assistance agencies such as the
Millennium Challenge Corporation, the Peace Corps, and the Inter-American and African
Development Foundations. The legislation also supports U.S. contributions to major multilateral
financial institutions, such as the World Bank and U.N. entities, and includes funds for the
Export-Import Bank and Overseas Private Investment Corporation, whose activities are regarded
more as trade promotion than foreign aid. On occasion, the bill replenishes U.S. financial
commitments to international financial institutions, such as the World Bank and the International
Monetary Fund.17
The foreign operations budget request for FY2011 totals $39.40 billion, representing a 5%
increase from the enacted FY2010 level of $37.49 billion, excluding forward funding from the
Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2009.18 Table 4 and Figure 6 provide funding levels for
foreign operations over the past decade, including enacted supplemental appropriations, in both
current and constant dollars. If the FY2011 request is enacted, foreign operations funding will
have increased by 142% in current dollars, and by 91% in constant dollars, from FY2001 to
FY2011.

17 For a description of all the accounts within the Foreign Operations section of the bill, see CRS Report R40482, State,
Foreign Operations Appropriations: A Guide to Component Accounts, by Curt Tarnoff and Tamara J. Resler.
18 If the Appropriations Act, 2009, is included in the FY2010 estimate rather than the FY2009 total, the increase is
15%.
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

Table 4. Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2001-FY2011
(discretionary budget authority in billions of current and 2011 constant dollars)

FY10 FY11
FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09
est.
req.
Current
$ 16.31 16.54 23.67 39.05 23.45 23.13 26.38 26.89 34.32 37.49 39.40
Constant
2011
$
20.65 20.61 28.74 46.08 26.69 25.42 28.23 27.75 35.48 38.01 39.4
Source: The Foreign Operations Congressional Budget Justifications, FY2001-FY2011, and CRS calculations.
Notes: Figures include all enacted appropriations, regular and supplemental. The $1.37 billion for Foreign
Operations accounts that the Administration considers forward funding for FY2010 in P.L. 111-32, the
Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009, is included in the FY2009 total.
Figure 6. Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2001-FY2011
50
45
40
ns 35
io
ll 30
25
, in bi 20
$ 15
US 10
5
0
.
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
t.
eq
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
es
10
11 r
FY
FY
Current $
Constant 2009 $

Source: The Foreign Operations Congressional Budget Justification, FY2001-FY2011, and CRS calculations.
Top 10 U.S. Foreign Aid Recipient Countries
Prior to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, Israel and Egypt typically received the largest amounts
of U.S. foreign aid every year since the Camp David Peace Accords in 1978.19 The reconstruction
efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan moved those countries into the top five, though assistance to Iraq
has declined significantly in the past couple of years, with the completion of many reconstruction
activities. Meanwhile, a combination of security assistance and economic aid designed to limit
the appeal of Islamic extremist organizations has moved Pakistan up the list in recent years.

19 For more information on historic aid trends, see CRS Report R40213, Foreign Aid: An Introduction to U.S.
Programs and Policy, by Curt Tarnoff and Marian Leonardo Lawson.
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

Table 5. Top 10 Recipients of U.S. Foreign Aid in FY2010, FY2011 Request
(in millions of current dollars)
FY2010 Est.
FY2011 Request
Estimated
Requested
Country
Allocation Country Allocation
Afghanistan $4,102.1
Afghanistan $3,923.7
Israel 2,775.0
Pakistan
3,053.6
Pakistan 1,806.9
Israel 3,000.0
Haiti 1,778.8
Egypt 1,558.0
Egypt 1,555.7
Iraq 729.3
Iraq 1.116.8
Kenya 714.0
Jordan 843.0
Jordan 682.7
Mexico 757.7
Nigeria 647.7
Kenya 687.7
South
Africa
586.1
Nigeria 614.7
Ethiopia
583.5
Note: FY2010 figures are preliminary estimates from the State Department/F Bureau. They include forward
funding for FY2010, in the GHCS and FMF accounts, that was provided through FY2009 supplemental
appropriations legislation. They also include supplemental funding from P.L. 111-212.
In the FY2011 request, Afghanistan tops the list at nearly $4 billion, followed by Pakistan at $3
billion. Israel and Egypt would continue to receive significant funds, primarily for Foreign
Military Financing, at $3 billion and $1.56 billion, respectively. Jordan would also continue to
rank high on the list, with $682.7 million requested. Iraq would be the fifth-largest recipient of
aid in FY2011, under the Administration request. Assistance to the other top recipients—Kenya,
Nigeria, Ethiopia, and South Africa—is targeted primarily at HIV/AIDS and other health
programs. Haiti, which is a top recipient in FY2010 as a result of supplemental funds for post-
earthquake relief and reconstruction, would not be a lead recipient in FY2011 under the
Administration’s proposal.
Regional Distribution
As shown in Figure 7, under the FY2011 proposal, Africa and South Central Asia would receive
the most U.S. foreign assistance, with about $7.6 billion requested for each. The aid to Africa
primarily supports HIV/AIDS and other health-related programs while nearly $7 billion of the
$7.6 billion in aid to South Central Asia is requested for Afghanistan and Pakistan. Almost as
high is aid to the Near East region, which continues to be dominated by assistance to Israel, Iraq,
Egypt, and Jordan. The sharp increase in Western Hemisphere totals in FY2010 can largely be
attributed to nearly $1.4 billion in supplemental funds for Haiti. Assistance to Europe and
Eurasia, and to East Asia and Pacific, remains relatively low and consistent, reflecting the
economic gains in these regions as well as strategic priorities.
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

Figure 7. Regional Distribution of Foreign Aid, FY2009-FY2011 Request
9
8
$
S 7
6
ent U
urr 5
4
of c
ns 3
llio 2
bi
1
0
Africa
EAP
EE
NE
SCA
WH
FY2009 Actual
FY2010 Est.
FY2011 Req.

Source: Foreign Operations Congressional Budget Justification, FY2011, P.L. 111-212.
Note: FY2010 figures represent the Administrations request. EAP = East Asia and Pacific; EE = Europe and
Eurasia; NE = Near East; SCA = South and Central Asia; WH = Western Hemisphere.
Sector Distribution
Over the years, Congress has expressed interest in various discrete aid sectors, such as education,
trade, maternal and child health, and biodiversity, that are funded across multiple accounts and/or
agencies. Administrations have begun presenting their respective budget requests with a section
showing what portion of the request would address some of these “key interest areas.” Unlike the
account funding tables in the budget request, however, the key interest area breakout does not
show prior year allocations, limiting year-to-year comparison to requested funds rather than
actual funding. This provides an indication of the Administration’s interests and priorities, but not
necessarily those of congressional appropriators.
Table 6 compares the FY2010 and FY2011 budget requests for key interest areas identified by
the Administration. In keeping with the Administration’s major initiatives, the FY2011 request for
several non-HIV/AIDS health activities increased significantly over the FY2010 request, as did
the request for global climate change, food security, and microfinance programs. The
Administration also emphasized two new focus areas, adding neglected tropical diseases and
nutrition to the key interests list. Meanwhile, pandemic flu appears to be a lower Administration
priority than last year, along with basic education, biodiversity, and Trans-Saharan Counter
Terrorism (an initiative from the Obama Administration’s first budget request).
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

Table 6. Selected Sector Funding, FY2009 Request and FY2010 Request
(millions of current dollars)
Sector
FY2010 Req.
FY2011 Req.
% Change
Avian/Pandemic Influenza
$125
$75
-40%
Basic Education
$1,001
$844
-16%
Biodiversity $184
$114
-38%
Clean Energy
($203, included
within the
$217
Global Climate
-6%
Change request
in FY2011)
Family Planning/Reproductive
Health
$593 $716
+21%
Food Security
$1,363
$1,644
+21%
Global Climate Change
$579
$1,391
+140%
Higher Education
$188
$249
+32%
HIV/AIDS $5,609
$5,850
+4%
Malaria $585
$680
+16%
Maternal and Child Health
$954
$983
+3%
Microenterprise and
Microfinance
$168 $230
+37%
Neglected Tropical Diseases
—
$155
N/A
Nutrition —
$231
N/A
Other Public Health Threats
$128
$225
+76%
Polio $32
$33
+3%
Trade Capacity Building
$316
$323
+2%
Trafficking in Persons
$32
$36
+13%
Trans-Sahara Counter-
Terrorism
$80 $61
-24%
Tuberculosis $191
$251
+31%
Water $176
$256
+45%
Source: U.S. Department of State Foreign Operations Congressional Budget Justification, FY2010 and FY2011,
and CRS calculations.
Note: Totals for Water, Basic Education, Maternal and Child Health, and Food Security do not include related
funding through the P.L. 480/Food for Peace program, which is funded through Agriculture appropriations.
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

Key Foreign Operations Issues
In reviewing the FY2011 Foreign Operations budget request, the following issues stand out as
being Administration priorities or representing significant changes from existing policy or
funding levels.
USAID Capacity Building
USAID continues to expand its Foreign Service staff through the Development Leadership
Initiative (DLI), established in 2008 to double the number of Foreign Service officers at USAID
in order to more effectively implement assistance programs that have expanded significantly in
recent years. As with personnel increases at State, the Administration views this plan as an
investment that will lead to reduced reliance on contractors and greater accountability and cost
savings over time. The Administration is requesting $1.48 billion for USAID Operating Expenses
for FY2011, a 6% increase over the enacted FY2010 level. Of that amount, $354.8 million is
designated for recruiting and hiring 200 new Foreign Service Officers at USAID, as well as
supporting the annualized recurring costs of DLI positions filled since FY2008.
Military/Civilian Transition
The Department of Defense (DOD) greatly expanded its foreign aid activities in the wake of the
Iraq and Afghanistan invasions, when high levels of security and economic aid flowed into those
countries even while instability and relatively low personnel capacity limited the role of civilian
aid agencies. As conditions on the ground have stabilized and both State and USAID have begun
building their capacity, both the Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense have expressed
support for stronger civilian control of these activities. The FY2011 foreign operations request
addresses this issue by including the following funding for activities that were previously funded
through the Defense Appropriations bill:
• The Complex Crisis Fund, for which $100 million was requested for FY2011,
would replace funding for reconstruction, security, and stabilization activities
previously provided through DOD’s Section 1207 authority.
• The Pakistan Counterinsurgency Capability Fund, for which $1.2 billion is
requested for FY2011, moves ongoing activities to improve the capabilities of
Pakistan’s security forces from DOD control to the purview of the Secretary of
State.
• For Iraq, $314.6 million has been included in the International Narcotics Control
and Law Enforcement (INCLE) account request for FY2011 (along with $650
million provided for this purpose in FY2010 supplemental funds) to enable State
to take control of Iraqi police training programs now funded through the DOD.
Secretary of State Clinton has claimed that this shift from military to civilian
control will allow the defense budget for Iraq to decrease by $16 billion.20

20 Secretary Clinton’s testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Hearing on “Foreign Policy Priorities
in the FY2011 International Affairs Budget,” February 24, 2010.
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

Front-Line States
As demonstrated in Table 5, proposed funding for FY2011 would largely continue the FY2010
flow of assistance to countries of strategic interest in the fight against terrorism. The request
included $12.22 billion, or 34% of the total bilateral aid request, for “front-line” states.21 For
Afghanistan, $3.92 billion is requested for FY2011, primarily to increase U.S. civilian resources
to balance the recent troop surge. For Pakistan, $3.05 billion is requested for FY2011, primarily
to build the capacity of the government of Pakistan and support infrastructure and economic
development projects that provide tangible benefits to communities and reduce the appeal of
extremism. For Iraq, $729 million is requested for FY2011, on top of $650 million provided in
FY2010 supplemental funds, to support the aforementioned civilian takeover of security training
programs.
Global Health
The Administration has requested $8.5 billion in the Global Health and Child Survival account
for Global Health Initiative (GHI) activities in FY2011. The request represents an 8.8% increase
over the FY2010-enacted level, or 8.1% if $50 million the Administration considers forward
funding from the FY2009 supplemental is counted toward the FY2010 total. The six-year, $63
billion GHI is intended to be a comprehensive approach to global health problems that builds on
the previous Administration’s focus on global HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, but prioritizes
building strong and sustainable health systems through an emphasis on maternal and pediatric
programs, as well as strategic coordination. Some advocates for HIV/AIDS programs have
expressed concern about the shift in focus, noting that funding requested for HIV/AIDS programs
in FY2011, while slightly above the FY2010 level, is less than amounts authorized by Congress
and, some argue, inadequate to sustain U.S. global commitments. However, Ambassador Eric
Goosby, the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, has stated that GHI maternal health programs will
include significant activities addressing HIV/AIDS, which is the leading cause of death
worldwide for women of child bearing age.22
Food Security
Food security, first addressed as a key issue in the FY2010 budget request, continues to be a
priority for the Obama Administration, which requested $1.64 billion for related programs in the
FY2011 budget. This amount does not include P.L. 480 food assistance funds, provided through
the Agriculture appropriation. The Administration’s new Global Hunger and Food Security
Initiative is intended to address root causes of food insecurity and proposes to target funding to
countries with widespread hunger, an agriculture-based economy, and comprehensive strategies
for food security already in place. The request also emphasizes the benefits of working
multilaterally and in partnership with other stakeholders to leverage resources. The request
includes $408.4 million for the new multi-donor Global Food Security Trust Fund, managed by
the World Bank, which will support large-scale transportation and irrigation infrastructure,
commercial financing, and research.

21 See footnote 6 for a list of “front-line” states.
22 Testimony of Ambassador Eric Goosby, United States Global AIDS Coordinator, before the House Appropriations
Subcommittee on State-Foreign Operations, March 23, 2010.
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

Climate Change
The Administration has requested $1.39 billion in FY2011 to support activities relating to climate
change, with an emphasis on adaptation, deployment of clean energy technologies, and reduction
of greenhouse gas emissions through sustainable landscapes. A significant portion of this climate
change funding would be channeled through international financial institutions. The $400 million
requested for contribution to the International Clean Technology Fund represents a 33% increase
over the FY2010-enacted level. The request also includes $235 million for the International
Strategic Climate Fund, a 213.3% increase over the estimated FY2010 contribution. Secretary of
the Treasury Timothy Geithner has explained this emphasis on multilateral funding, both for
climate change and food security, as a fiscally responsible approach intended to leverage
commitments from other donors and increase the impact of U.S. funds.23



23 Remarks of Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner, testifying before the House Appropriations Subcommittee on
State-Foreign Operations, March 25, 2010.
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Appendix A. Structure of State-Foreign Operations Appropriations

Source: CRS.
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

Appendix B. Abbreviations
Funding Accounts
ACI
Andean Counterdrug Initiative
AEECA
Assistance for Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia
CSH
Child Survival and Health
DA Development
Assistance
DF Democracy
Fund
ERMA
Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance
ESF
Economic Support Fund
FMF Foreign
Military
Financing
GHAI
Global HIV/AIDS Initiative
IDFA
International Disaster and Famine Assistance
IMET
International Military Education and Training
INCLE
International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement
MCC Millennium
Challenge
Corporation
MRA
Migration and Refugee Assistance
NADR
Non-proliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs
PEPFAR
President’s Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief
PKO Peacekeeping
Operations
PL 480
Food aid
PMI
President’s Malaria Initiative
TI Transition
Initiatives
Other:

DFA
Director of Foreign Assistance
AFR Africa
EAP
East Asia and Pacific
EE
Europe and Eurasia
LAC
Latin America and Caribbean
NE Near
East
SCA
South and Central Asia
USAID
U.S. Agency for International Development
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

Appendix C. State Department and Related
Programs Appropriations
Table C-1. State Department and Related Programs Appropriations, FY2009-FY2011
(in millions of current dollars)
FY2010
FY2010
Supp.
Change
Enacted
Enacted
Total,
from
(H.R.
(H.R.
Enacted
FY2010
FY2011
3288/div
4899;
FY2010
Total to
House
F; P.L.
P.L. 111-
regular
FY2011
FY2011
CR (H.R.
S.Amdt.
H.R.

111-117)
212)
& supp
Request
Request
1)
149a
1473b
Title I. State Department
Administration of Foreign
Affairs, Subtotal
11,183.4
1,415.8
12,599.2
12,536.4
-0.00% 10,903.7 11,541.1 11,410.6
Diplomatic & Consular
Program

8,227.0 1,326.0 9,553.0 9,545.2 -0.0% 8,383.5 8,936.0 8,772.4
Capital Investment Fund
139.0

139.0
144.1
+3.7%
59.6
97.0
59.4
Embassy Security, Construction
& Maintenance

1,724.1
79.0 1,803.1 1,681.5 -6.7% 1,620.7 1,515.0 1,616.8
Civilian Stabilization Initiative 120.0
120.0 184.0 +53.3%
40.0 33.0 34.9
Office of Inspector General
102.0
3.6
105.6
120.2
+13.8%
94.0
100.0
101.8c
Special Inspector General for
Afghanistan Reconstruction
—
7.2d
7.2 —
N/A ―
24.0 [24.0]
Ed. & Cultural Exchange
Programs

635.0
635.0 633.2 -0.3% 501.3 625.0 598.8
Representation
Al owances
8.2
8.2 8.2 0% 7.7 7.0 7.5
Protection of Foreign
Missions & Officials
28.0

28.0
27.2
-2.9%
26.3 28.0 27.9
Emergency-Diplomatic &
Consular Services
10.0

10.0
11.0
+10.0%
9.4
10.0
9.5
Buying Power and
Maintenance 8.5

8.5
—
N/A
-19.0
-15.0
0
Repatriation
Loans
1.5
1.5 1.5 0% 1.4 1.0 1.5
Payment American Institute
Taiwan

21.2
21.2 21.4
+0.9% 19.9 21.15 21.2
Foreign Service Retirement
(mandatory)
158.9

158.9 158.9 0% 158.9 158.9 158.9
International
Organizations,
Subtotal
3,807.5
96.5 3,904.0 3,777.7 -3.2% 3,414.9 3,640.0 3,462.5
Contributions
to
Int’l
Orgs
1,682.5
1,682.5 1,595.4 -5.2% 1,516.4 1,545.0 1,578.6
Contributions to International
1,883.9
Peacekeeping

2,125.0
96.5 2,221.5 2,182.3 -1.8% 1,898.5 2,095.0
International
Commissionse

142.9 0.0 142.9 130.3 -8.8% 125.2 120.3 120.1
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

FY2010
FY2010
Supp.
Change
Enacted
Enacted
Total,
from
(H.R.
(H.R.
Enacted
FY2010
FY2011
3288/div
4899;
FY2010
Total to
House
F; P.L.
P.L. 111-
regular
FY2011
FY2011
CR (H.R.
S.Amdt.
H.R.

111-117)
212)
& supp
Request
Request
1)
149a
1473b
Int’l
Boundary;/U.S.-Mexico 76.3
76.3 74.3 -2.8% ―
69.8 69.7
American
Sections
12.6
12.6 12.4 -1.6% ―
―
-
International
Fisheries
54.0
54.0 43.6
-19.1% ―
50.5 50.4
International
Broadcasting, Subtotal

746.4 3.0 749.4 768.7 +2.6% 696.7 740.8 746.9
Broadcasting
Operations
733.8 3.0 736.8 755.1 +2.5% 689.8 733.9 740.0
Cuba Broadcasting
[30.5]

[30.5]





Capital
Improvements
12.6
12.6 13.6
+7.9% 6.9 6.9 6.9
Related Appropriations,
Subtotal

211.0 0.0 211.0 180.4 -14.5% 170.0 198.2 197.9
Asia
Foundation
19.0
19.0 15.7
-17.4% 14.7 17.9 17.9
U.S. Institute of Peace
49.2

49.2
46.6
-5.3%
[42.7]
39.5
39.4
Center for Middle East-West
Dialogue-Trust
&
Program

0.9
0.9 0.8
-11.1% 0.8 0.9 0.9
Eisenhower Exchange
Programs

0.5
0.5 0.5 0% 0.5 0.5 0.5
Israeli Arab Scholarship
Program

0.4
0.4 0.4 0% 0.4 0.4 0.4
East-West
Center
23.0
23.0 11.4
-50.4% 0.0 21.0 21.0
National Endowment for
Democracy
118.0
118.0 105.0 -11% 110.9 118.0 117.8
Other
Commissions
13.0 0.0 13.0 13.2
+1.5% 12.5 12.5 13.0
Preservation of America’s
Heritage
0.6

0.6 0.6 0% 0.6 0.6 0.6
Int’l Religious Freedom
4.3

4.3 4.4 +2% 4.3 4.1 4.3
Security and Cooperation In
Europe
2.6

2.6 2.7 +4% 2.6 2.6 2.6
Cong.-Exec. on People’s
Republic of China
2.0

2.0 2.0 0% 2.0 1.9 2.0
U.S.-China Economic and
Security Review
3.5

3.5 3.5 0% 3.0 3.3 3.5
State/Broadcasting/Relate
d Programs, TOTAL

16,104.2 1,515.3 17,619.5 17,406.7
-1.2% 15,323.0 16,252.9 15,951.0
Sources: U.S. Department of State budget documents, House and Senate Appropriations Committees, and CRS
calculations.
a. Figures include rescissions.
b. Account funding levels in this column reflect the 0.2% rescission across al non-defense accounts for FY
2011 funds, in accordance with sec. 1119(a) of H.R. 1473. Rescissions of prior year funding are not reflected
in account levels, but are noted in the last line of Table D-1. For the State Department, these rescissions
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

include: Buying Power and Maintenance - $17 million; Diplomatic and Consular Programs - $55 million;
Immigration and Nationalist Act funds - $140 million.
c. Does not include $3 million in ESF funding designated for Afghanistan to be transferred to State IG for
oversight activities in Afghanistan.
d. H.R. 4899 appropriates $7.2 million for SIGAR while simultaneously rescinding $7.2 million appropriated for
the State Inspector General in P.L. 111-32 which was authorized to be transferred to SIGAR.
e. These activities are funded through the State-Foreign Operations bill, but are not part of Function 150 of
the budget.
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

Appendix D. Foreign Operations Appropriations
Table D-1. Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2009-FY2011
(millions of current dollars)
FY2010
FY2010
Change
Enacted
Supp.
Total,
FY2010
(H.R.
Enacted
Enacted
Total
3288/div
(H.R.
FY2010
to
FY2011
F; P.L.
4899; P.L.
regular
FY2011
FY2011
House CR
S.Amdt.

111-117)
111-212)
& supp Request Request
(H.R. 1)
149a
H.R. 1473b
Title II. USAID Admin.,
Subtotal
1,650.3 7.9
1,658.2
1,695.5
+2.2%
1,440.1
1,605.0
1,526.9
USAID Operating Expenses
1,388.8

1,388.8
1,476.0
+6.3
1,267.9
1,385.5
1,347.3
Civilian Stabilization Initiative
30.0

30.0
—
N/A
7.7
10.0
5.0
USAID Capital Investment
Fund
185.0
185.0
173.0
-6.5%
120.8
165.0
129.7
USAID Inspector General
46.5
7.9
54.4
46.5
-14.5%
43.7
45.0
44.9
Title III. Bilateral
Economic Assistance,

Subtotal
21,861.2 3,167.1
25,028.3
24,576.4 -1.8%
18,045.8 21,489.0 21,208.9
Global Health and Child
Survival, State + USAID
7,779.0 45.0c 7824.0 8,513.0 +8.8% 6,995.5 7,880.0 7,829.3
GHCS (State Dept.)
[5,359.0]

[5,359.0]
[5,500.0]
+2.6%
[4,845.7]
[5,355.0]
[5,334.3]
GHCS (USAID)
[2,420.0]

[2,420.0]
[3,013.0]
+24.5%
[2,149.8]
[2,525.0]
[2,495.0]
Development Assistance
2,520.0

2,520.0
2,980.9
+18.3%
1,772.8
2,500.0
2,520.0
International Disaster &
Famine Assistance
845.0 460.0
1,305.0
860.7
-34.0% 429.7 879.0 863.3
Transition Initiatives
55.0

55.0
48.0
-12.7%
44.6
55.0
54.9
Complex Crises Fund
50.0

50.0
100.0
+100%
0
45.0
40.0
Development Credit Authority
– Admin
8.6

8.6
8.3
-3.5%
8 8
8.3
Development Credit Authority
Subsidy
[25.0]
[25.0]
[35.0]
+40%
[25.0]
[30.0]
[30.0]
Economic Support Fund
6,344.0
2,490.0
8,834.0
7,812.0
-11.6%
5,706.6
6,250.0
5,946.2
Assistance for Europe; Eurasia
& Central Asia (AEECA)
741.6

741.6
716.4
-3.4%
685.4
697.1
695.7
Fund for Ireland
17.0

17.0
—
N/A
0
0
0
Democracy Fund
120.0

120.0
—
N/A
112.8
115.0
114.8
Migration & Refugee Assistance
1,693.0
165.0
1,858.0
1,605.4
-13.6%
1,023.2
1,685.0
1,686.6
Emergency Refugee and
Migration
45.0
45.0
45.0
0%
44.6
45.0
49.9
Independent Agencies, Subtotal
1,558.0
1,558.0
1,778.7
+14.2%
1,172.4
1,348.0 1,324.5
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

FY2010
FY2010
Change
Enacted
Supp.
Total,
FY2010
(H.R.
Enacted
Enacted
Total
3288/div
(H.R.
FY2010
to
FY2011
F; P.L.
4899; P.L.
regular
FY2011
FY2011
House CR
S.Amdt.

111-117)
111-212)
& supp Request Request
(H.R. 1)
149a
H.R. 1473b
Inter-American
Foundation
23.0
23.0
22.8
-0.9%
20.8
23.0
22.5
African Development
Foundation
30.0
30.0
30.0
0%
29.8
30.0
29.5
Peace Corps
400.0

400.0
446.2
+11.6%
330.8
395.0
374.3
Millennium Challenge
Corporation
1,105.0
1,105.0
1,279.7
+15.8
791.0
900.0
898.2
Department of Treasury, Subtotal
85.0

92.1
108.0
+27.1%
30.3
81.9
75.4
Treasury Department
Technical Assistance
25.0 7.1
32.1
38.0
+15.5%
20.2 25.9 25.5
Debt Restructuring
60.0

60.0
70.0
+16.7%
10.1
56.0
49.9
Title IV. Military/Security
Assistance, Subtotal
6,985.5 1,281.7
8,267.2
9,962.9
+20.5% 9,127.8 8,775.8 8,116.7
International Narcotics
Control & Law Enforcement
1,597.0 1,181.7
2,778.7
2,136.0
-23.1% 1,589.8 1,557.8 1,593.8
Nonproliferation, Anti-
Terrorism, Demining
754.0
754.0
757.6
+0.4%
740.0
740.0
738.5
International Military Education
& Training
108.0
108.0
110.0
+1.9%
108.0
108.0
105.8
Foreign Military Financing
4,195.0 100.0 4,295.0 5,473.3 +27.4% 5,385.0 5,365.0 5,374.2
Peacekeeping Operations
331.5

331.5 286.0 -13.7%
305.0
305.0
304.4
Pakistan Counterinsurgency
Fund
—
—
1,200.0
N/A
1,000.0
700.0 0
Title V. Multilateral
Assistance, Subtotal
2,437.7 212.0
2,649.7
3,307.8
+24.8%
1,461.9 2,572.0 2,302.6
World Bank: Global
Environment Facility
86.5
86.5
175.0
+102.3%
32.0
125.5
89.8
International Clean Technology
Fund
300.0
300.0
400.0
+33.3%
0
250.0 184.6
Strategic Climate Fund
75.0

75.0
235.0
+213.3%
0
85.0 49.9
World Bank: Int’l.
Development Association
1,262.5
1,262.5
1,285.0
+1.8%
942.3
1,235.0
1,232.5
IADB: Enterprise for Americas
MIF
25.0
25.0
25.0
0%
20.1
25.0
25.0
IADB: Inter-American
Investment Corporation
4.7
4.7
21.0
+346.8%
4.7
21.0
21.0
Asian Development Fund
105.0

105.0
115.3
+9.8%
0
0
0
Asian Development Bank



106.6
N/A
―
107.0 106.4
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

FY2010
FY2010
Change
Enacted
Supp.
Total,
FY2010
(H.R.
Enacted
Enacted
Total
3288/div
(H.R.
FY2010
to
FY2011
F; P.L.
4899; P.L.
regular
FY2011
FY2011
House CR
S.Amdt.

111-117)
111-212)
& supp Request Request
(H.R. 1)
149a
H.R. 1473b
African Development Fund
155.0

155.0
155.9
+0.6%
135.0 125.0
109.8
International Fund for
Agricultural Development
30.0
30.0
30.0
0%
17.9
29.5
29.5
Global Food Security Fund
—

—
408.4
N/A
0
200.0
99.8
International Organizations &
Programs
394.0
394.0
350.6
-11.0%
309.9
369.0
354.3
Haiti Response/Debt Reliefd

212.0 212.0

N/A
―
―
-
Title VI. Export Aid,
Subtotal
-113.9
-113.9
-142.7
-25.3%
-285.0
-291.7
-130.5
Export-Import Bank (net)e
2.4

2.4
-9.5
-495.8%
-147.0
-157.0
2.4
Overseas Private Investment
Corporation (net)f
-171.5
-171.5
-189.4
-10.4%
-188.0
-186.0
-182.8
Trade & Development Agency
55.2

55.2
56.2
+1.8%
50.0
51.3
49.9
Foreign Operations, Total
32,820.8
4,668.7
37,489.5 39,399.9
+5.1%
29,762.6
34,150.1
33,024.6
State/Broadcasting/Related

Programs, Total
16,104.2
1,515.3 17,619.5 17,406.7 -1.2% 15,323.0
16,252.9
15,951.0
General Provisions


— 16.6




State-Foreign Operations,
Total
48,925.0 6,184.0
55,109.0
56,823.2
+3.1%
45,085.6 50,403.0 48,975.6
Rescissions of prior year funding







(645.9)
Source: U.S. Department of State budget documents, House and Senate Appropriations Committees, and CRS
calculations.
a. Figures include rescissions.
b. Account funding levels in this column reflect the 0.2% rescission across al non-defense accounts for FY
2011 funds, in accordance with sec. 1119(a) of H.R. 1473. Rescissions of prior year funding are not reflected
in account levels, but the total amount is noted in the last line of the table. For foreign operations, the
rescissions include: Export-Import Bank - $17 million; Development Assistance - $1 million; Assistance to
Former Soviet States - $11.7 million; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement - $7.2 million;
Economic Support Fund - $120 million; Assistance to Europe, Eurasia and Central Asia - $19 million.
c. The agency managing the supplemental GHCS funds was not specified in the legislation.
d. These funds are requested for contributions to the Inter-American Development Bank, the International
Development Association, and the International Fund for Agricultural Development to cancel debts owed
by Haiti and for disaster response activities fol owing the January 12 earthquake. These contributions are
part of a multi-donor debt cancellation deal to which the U.S. has agreed.
e. Appropriated funds are for expenses of the Inspector General. Administration expenses and loan program
funds are covered by Bank receipts.
f.
These figures represent anticipated OPIC receipts, minus amounts requested for administrative expenses
and credit funding.
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

Appendix E. International Affairs (150) Budget
Account
Table E-1. International Affairs (150) Budget Account, FY2008-FY2010
(in millions of current dollars)
Change
FY2010
FY2010
from
Base
Supp.
FY2010
Enacted
Enacted
FY2010
Enacted to
FY2011
(P.L.
(H.R. 4899;
Enacted,
FY2011
FY2011
FY2011
S.Amdt.
H.R.

111-117)a
P.L. 111-212)
Total
Request
Request
House CR
149b
1473c









State-
Foreign
Operations,
excluding
commissionsd
48,782.1
6,184.0 54,966.1 56,692.9
+3.1% 44,960.4 50,282.7
48,842.6
Commerce-
Justice-
Science








Foreign Claim
Settlement
Commission
2.1
2.1 2.2 +4.7% 2.2 2.2 2.1
Int’l Trade
Commission
81.9
81.9 87.0 +6.2% 82..0 82.0 81.7
Agriculture








P.L. 480 and
McGovern-
Dole
1,899.5
1,899.5 1,899.5
0% 1,103 1,900.0 1,695.7
Total
International
Affairs (150)
50,765.6
6,184.0 56,949.6 58,681.6
+3.0% 46,147.6 52,266.9 50,622.1
Source: U.S. Department of State budget documents, House and Senate Appropriations Committees, and CRS
calculations.
a. P.L. 111-32, the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009, included $1.8 billion that the Administration
considers forward funding for FY2010. Those funds are included in the FY 2009 column of this table. If the
funds are included in the FY2010 total, rather than FY2009, the FY2011 request represents a 12% increase
over the FY2010-enacted level.
b. Figures include rescissions.
c. Account funding levels in this column reflect the 0.2% rescission across al non-defense accounts for FY
2011 funds, in accordance with sec. 1119(a) of H.R. 1473. Rescissions of prior year funding are not reflected
in this column.
d. While funding for international commissions are appropriated in State-Foreign Operations bill, they are not
part of the International Affairs Function 150 Account.

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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

Author Contact Information

Marian Leonardo Lawson
Tamara J. Resler
Analyst in Foreign Assistance
Analyst in Foreign Affairs
mlawson@crs.loc.gov, 7-4475
tresler@crs.loc.gov, 7-7367
Susan B. Epstein

Specialist in Foreign Policy
sepstein@crs.loc.gov, 7-6678

Key Policy Staff

Area of Expertise
Name
Phone
E-mail
General: Foreign Operations Policy Issues/Budget
Susan
7-6678 sepstein@crs.loc.gov
Epstein
Marian
7-4475 mlawson@crs.loc.gov
Lawson
Curt Tarnoff 7-7656
ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov
General: State Dept & Foreign Service Issues/Budget
Tamara
7-7367 tresler@crs.loc.gov
Resler
Afghanistan Assistance
Rhoda
7-0425 rmargesson@crs.loc.gov
Margesson
Curt Tarnoff 7-7656
ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov
Africa Assistance
Ted Dagne
7-7646
tdagne@crs.loc.gov
Agency for International Development
Susan
7-6678 sepstein@crs.loc.gov
Epstein
Marian
7-4475 mlawson@crs.loc.gov
Lawson
Curt Tarnoff 7-7656
ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov
Asia Assistance
Thomas
7-7616 tlum@crs.loc.gov
Lum
Broadcasting, International
Tamara
7-7367 tresler@crs.loc.gov
Resler
Central Asia Assistance
Jim Nichol
7-2289
jnichol@crs.loc.gov
Civilian Stabilization/Civilian Response Corps
Nina
7-7667 nserafino@crs.loc.gov
Serafino
Debt Relief
Marty Weiss 7-5407
mweiss@crs.loc.gov
Development Assistance (bilateral)
Susan
7-6678 sepstein@crs.loc.gov
Epstein
Curt Tarnoff 7-7656
ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov
Marian
7-4475 mlawson@crs.loc.gov
Lawson
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

Area of Expertise
Name
Phone
E-mail
Disaster/Humanitarian Aid/Refugees
Rhoda
7-0425 rmargesson@crs.loc.gov
Margesson
DOD and Foreign Assistance
Nina
7-7667 nserafino@crs.loc.gov
Serafino
Export-Import Bank
James
7-7751 jjackson@crs.loc.gov
Jackson
Family Planning Programs
Luisa
7-0856 lblanchfield@crs.loc.gov
Blanchfield
Health Programs, including HIV/AIDS, Malaria,
Tiaji Salaam
7-7677
tsalaam@crs.loc.gov
Tuberculosis, Child and Maternal
Alexandra
7-7314 Akendal @crs.loc.gov
Kendall
Human Rights
Tamara
7-7367 tresler@crs.loc.gov
Resler
International Affairs Budget
Susan
7-6678 sepstein@crs.loc.gov
Epstein
International Crime & Narcotics
Liana Wyler
7-6177
lwyler@crs.loc.gov
International Organizations/UN Funding
Tamara
7-7367 tresler@crs.loc.gov
Resler
Marjorie
7-7695 mbrowne@crs.loc.gov
Browne
Iraq Reconstruction
Curt Tarnoff 7-7656
ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov
Latin America Assistance
Mark
7-7689 msullivan@crs.loc.gov
Sullivan
Microenterprise Curt
Tarnoff
7-7656
ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov
Middle East Assistance
Jeremy
7-8687 jsharp@crs.loc.gov
Sharp
Military Assistance
Richard
7-7675 rgrimmett@crs.loc.gov
Grimmett
Millennium Challenge Corporation
Curt Tarnoff 7-7656
ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov
Multilateral Development Banks
Jonathan
7-7682 jsanford@crs.loc.gov
Sanford
Marty Weiss 7-5407
mweiss@crs.loc.gov
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
James
7-7751 jjackson@crs.loc.gov
Jackson
Peace Corps
Curt Tarnoff 7-7656
ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov
Peacekeeping
Marjorie
7-7695 mbrowne@crs.loc.gov
Browne
Nina
7-7667 nserafino@crs.loc.gov
Serafino
Public Diplomacy
Tamara
7-7367 tresler@crs.loc.gov
Resler
Matthew
7-4589 mweed@crs.loc.gov
Weed
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations

Area of Expertise
Name
Phone
E-mail
Refugee Aid
Rhoda
7-0452 rmargesson@crs.loc.gov
Margesson
Russia/East Europe Assistance
Curt Tarnoff 7-7656
ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov
Terrorism John
Rollins
7-5529
jrollins@crs.loc.gov
U.N. Population Fund (UNFPA)
Luisa
7-0856 lblanchfield@crs.loc.gov
Blanchfield
U.S. Institute of Peace
Tamara
7-7367 tresler@crs.loc.gov
Resler
U.N. Voluntary Contributions
Marjorie
7-7695 mbrowne@crs.loc.gov
Browne

Acknowledgments
Ken Nakamura, who retired from CRS, co-authored this report.


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