State, Foreign Operations, and Related
Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

Susan B. Epstein
Specialist in Foreign Policy
Kennon H. Nakamura
Analyst in Foreign Affairs
Marian Leonardo Lawson
Analyst in Foreign Assistance
October 1, 2009
Congressional Research Service
7-5700
www.crs.gov
R40693
CRS Report for Congress
P
repared for Members and Committees of Congress

State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

Summary
The annual State, Foreign Operations and Related Agencies appropriations bill is the primary
legislative vehicle through which Congress reviews the U.S. international affairs budget and
influences executive branch foreign policy making in general, as these activities have not been
considered regularly by Congress through the authorization process. Funding for Foreign
Operations and State Department/Broadcasting programs has been steadily rising since FY2002,
after a period of decline in the 1980s and 1990s. Amounts approved for FY2004 in regular and
supplemental bills reached an unprecedented level compared with the previous 40 years, largely
due to Iraq reconstruction funding. Ongoing assistance to Iraq and Afghanistan, as well as large
new global health programs, has kept the international affairs budget at historically high levels in
recent years. The Obama Administration’s FY2010 budget proposal indicates that this trend will
continue.
On May 7, 2009, President Obama submitted a budget proposal for FY2010 that requests $53.9
billion for the international affairs budget, a 2% increase over the enacted FY2009 funding level,
including supplementals. Within that amount, $52.2 billion is for programs and activities funded
through the State-Foreign Operations appropriations bill. The Administration requested
significant increases to support additional foreign service officers at USAID and the Department
of State, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, food security and agricultural development,
counter-terrorism and law enforcement activities, and meeting U.S. commitments to international
organizations. Among programs and regions for which the Administration recommended reduced
funding, compared with estimated FY2009 levels, are economic assistance to Iraq; aid to Europe,
Eurasia, and Central Asia; international peacekeeping; and foreign military financing. These
comparisons, however, are in relation to unusually high FY2009 total funding levels in some
accounts, and do not necessarily reflect shifts in policy or priorities.
Key policy issues addressed in the Administration’s request include enhancing the capacity of
civilian diplomatic and development agencies, promoting U.S. leadership in multilateral
development banks, and improving fiscal transparency by funding ongoing programs through the
regular appropriations process rather than through supplemental appropriations. The proposal also
seeks funding for at least two activities that have been rejected by Congress in the past—
multilateral clean investment funds managed by the World Bank and the U.N. Population Fund
(UNFPA).
This report analyzes the FY2010 request, recent-year funding trends, and congressional action for
FY2010, which includes the July 9 House approval of H.R. 3081, the State-Foreign Operations
Appropriations bill for FY2010, and July 9 Senate Appropriations Committee passage of its bill
(S. 1434). This report will be updated to reflect congressional action as it occurs.

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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

Contents
Recent Developments.................................................................................................................. 1
Congressional Action .................................................................................................................. 2
House Action ........................................................................................................................ 2
Senate Action........................................................................................................................ 2
State-Foreign Operations Overview............................................................................................. 3
Background and Trends......................................................................................................... 4
FY2010 Budget Request Overview ....................................................................................... 6
Use of Supplemental Funding ............................................................................................... 6
FY2010 Budget Request: State Department and Related Agencies......................................... 7
State Department—Administration of Foreign Affairs ..................................................... 8
International Organizations and Conferences................................................................. 11
International Commissions ............................................................................................ 12
Related State Department Appropriations ...................................................................... 12
Broadcasting Board of Governors ................................................................................. 12
FY2010 Budget Request: Foreign Operations...................................................................... 13
Top 10 U.S. Foreign Aid Recipient Countries ................................................................ 14
FY2010 Foreign Operations Account Details................................................................. 15
New Initiatives.............................................................................................................. 18
Regional Distribution .................................................................................................... 19
Iraq and Afghanistan Share of Total Aid Budget ............................................................ 20
Sector Distribution ........................................................................................................ 21

Figures
Figure 1. State-Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2000-FY2010.......................................... 4
Figure 2. Composition of the State-Foreign Operations Budget Request, FY2010........................ 6
Figure 3. FY2010 State-Foreign Operations Request Compared to Various Measures of
FY2009 Funding ...................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 4. State Department and Related Agencies Appropriations, FY2000-FY2010.................... 8
Figure 5. Foreign Operations, FY2000-FY2010......................................................................... 14
Figure 6. Proposed Changes to Major Bilateral Assistance Accounts ......................................... 18
Figure 7. Regional Distribution of Foreign Aid, FY2008-FY2010.............................................. 20

Tables
Table 1. Status of State-Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2010........................................... 1
Table 2. State-Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2000-FY2010 ........................................... 3
Table 3. State Department and Related Agencies Appropriations, FY2000-FY2010 ..................... 8
Table 4. Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2000-FY2010 .................................................. 13
Table 5. Top 10 Recipients of U.S. Foreign Aid in FY2009, FY2010 Request ............................ 15
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

Table 6. Foreign Operations Appropriations for Iraq and Afghanistan, FY2002-FY2010........... 21
Table 7. Selected Sector Funding, FY2009 Request and FY2010 Request................................. 21
Table C-1. State Department and Related Agencies Appropriations, FY2008-FY2010 ............... 25
Table D-1. Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2008-FY2010 .............................................. 28
Table E-1. International Affairs (150) Budget Account, FY2008-FY2010 .................................. 32

Appendixes
Appendix A. Structure of State-Foreign Operations Appropriations ........................................... 23
Appendix B. Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... 24
Appendix C. State Department and Related Agencies Appropriations ........................................ 25
Appendix D. Foreign Operations Appropriations ....................................................................... 28
Appendix E. International Affairs (150) Budget Account ........................................................... 32

Contacts
Author Contact Information ...................................................................................................... 33
Key Policy Staff........................................................................................................................ 33

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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

Recent Developments
A continuing resolution (CR) within the Legislative Branch FY2010 appropriations bill (H.R.
2918), passed by both House and Senate and signed into law (P.L. 111-68) on October 1, 2009, by
the President, continues funding for the State-Foreign Operations agencies and programs through
October 31, 2009.
On July 9, 2009, the House passed H.R. 3081 by a vote of 318 to 106. As passed, the bill provides
$49.0 billion for State Department and Foreign Operations funding for FY2010. On the same day,
the Senate Full Appropriations Committee agreed to its State-Foreign Operations Appropriation
bill (S. 1434) with a funding level just over $48.8 billion.
On May 7, 2009, President Obama submitted a budget proposal for FY2010 that requests $54.0
billion for mandatory and discretionary international affairs funding, a 2% increase over the total
estimated FY2009 funding level of $52.9 billion. (See Appendix E.) Excluding funds that are in
other appropriations bills such as P.L. 480, which is in the agricultural appropriations, $52.2
billion is for programs and activities funded through the State-Foreign Operations appropriations
bill. This amounts to a 3% increase over all FY2009 enacted regular and supplemental
appropriations for State-Foreign Operations accounts.
In related action, on June 24, 2009, President Obama signed into law P.L. 111-32, providing
supplemental appropriations for FY2009, including $9.7 billion for State-Foreign Operations
accounts. Also, the House passed a Foreign Relations Authorization Act for FY2010 and FY2011,
H.R. 2410, on June 10. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that implementing the bill,
which would authorize funding for many of the State and related agency accounts in the State-
Foreign Operations appropriation bill, would cost $40.6 billion between FY2010–FY2014 if the
specified and estimated amounts are appropriated.
Table 1. Status of State-Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2010
Subcomittee
Conf. Rept
markup
Full Committee
Floor
passed
Conference
Public Law
House Senate House Senate House Senate Agreement House Senate
signed
6/17
6/23 7/9
7/9




H.Rept. S.Rept.
H.Rept. 111-44
111-
187
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

Congressional Action
House Action
On June 9, the House Appropriations Committee reported on the 302(b) allocations, including
$48.8 billion for discretionary funding within the FY2010 State-Foreign Operations bill.1 On June
17, the House State-Foreign Operations Appropriations Subcommittee marked up FY2010
funding legislation and reported it to the full committee without amendment. The House
Appropriations Committee approved H.R. 3081 (H.Rept. 111-187), which recommended $49.0
billion in State-Foreign Operations appropriations on June 23. The legislation was approved by
the House on July 9 by a vote of 318-106.
The House approved the following amendments to H.R. 3081 before final passage on July 9:
• An amendment proposed by State-Foreign Operations Subcommittee
Chairwoman Lowey would increase funding for sanitation, democracy programs,
maternal health, oversight and implementation of the U.S.-Brazil Joint Action
Plan to Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Discrimination, with offsets coming from the
State and USAID Capital Investment Funds. The amendment would also restrict
FMF funds to Sri Lanka and first class travel by employees of agencies funded
by the bill.
• An amendment proposed by Representative Anthony Weiner would strike
presidential waiver authority in regard to blocking aid to Saudi Arabia.
• An amendment proposed by Representative Mark Kirk would prohibit the use of
funds for negotiating an agreement that conflicts with requirements imposed by
Congress relating to U.S. participation in the International Monetary Fund and
World Bank.
The House rejected amendments to reduce funding for the Peace Corps, diplomatic and consular
programs, USAID, global health activities, multilateral assistance and exchange programs, as
well as a proposal to increase funds for the National Endowment for Democracy.
Senate Action
On June 22, the Senate Appropriations Committee reported its FY2010 302(b) allocations,
including that of $48.7 billion for discretionary spending within the State-Foreign Operations
appropriation.2 On July 9, the committee approved S. 1434, the Department of State, Foreign
Operations, and Related Agency Appropriations Act, 2010. The Senate bill, which totals $48.8
billion, provides $104.6 million more than the House for the Department of State Operations, but
$264.8 million less than the House bill for Foreign Operations. The Senate bill includes $25
million more than the House for each of the Capital Investment Fund and the Civilian

1 “Allocation of Spending Authority to House Committee on Appropriations” presented in the Joint Explanatory
Statement of the Committee of Conference on S.Con.Res. 13, the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year
2010.
2 CQ WEEKLY, June 22, 2009, p. 1453.
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

Stabilization Initiative, $35 million more than the House for Educational and Cultural Exchanges,
and $251.9 million more for multilateral assistance. On the other hand, it provides $245 million
less than the House version for bilateral economic assistance and $276.1 million less than the
House bill for military aid.
State-Foreign Operations Overview
The State-Foreign Operations appropriations bill funds most programs and activities within the
international affairs budget, also known as Function 150, including foreign economic and military
assistance, food assistance, contributions to international organizations and multilateral financial
institutions, State Department and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)
operations, public diplomacy, and international broadcasting programs. Nevertheless, the State-
Foreign Operations bill does not align perfectly with the international affairs budget. Food aid,
which is appropriated by the Agriculture Appropriations Subcommittees, and the International
Trade Commission and Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, both funded through the
Commerce-Science-Justice bills, are international affairs programs not funded through the State-
Foreign Operations appropriations bill. Furthermore, a number of international commissions that
are not part of the International Affairs 150 Function are funded through the State-Foreign
Operations bill. A chart illustrating the organizational structure of the State-Foreign Operations
appropriations bill is provided in Appendix A.
This report focuses only on accounts funded through the State-Foreign Operations appropriations
bill, though provides appropriations figures for the entire international affairs (function 150)
budget.
Table 2 and Figure 1 show State-Foreign Operations appropriations for the past decade in both
current and constant dollars.
Table 2. State-Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2000-FY2010
(in billions of current and 2010 constant dollars, including supplementals)

FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04a FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08
FY09
est. FY10
req.
Current
$ 22.57 23.22 24.25 31.72 48.34 34.23 34.25 37.28 40.47
50.77
52.20
Constant

2010
$ 28.91 29.06 29.79 37.96 56.21 38.40 37.14 39.52 41.19
50.85
52.20
Source: Summary and Highlights, International Affairs Function 150, FY2010 and CRS calculations.
Notes: The FY2010 column reflects amounts requested by the Administration. Figures for FY2009 include al
regular and supplemental appropriations.
a. Appropriations for Iraq reconstruction peaked in FY2004.
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

Figure 1. State-Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2000-FY2010
60
50
ns 40
billio 30
in
$, 20
S
U
10
0
.
00
01
02
3
4
5
6
7
08
FY
FY
FY
FY0
FY0
FY0
FY0
FY0
FY
est.
req
FY09 FY10
current US$
constant 2010 US$

Source: Summary and Highlights, International Affairs Function 150, FY2010 and CRS Calculations.
Background and Trends
The rationale for foreign affairs programs has transitioned from a largely anti-communist
orientation for more than 40 years following World War II to a more recent focus on national
security and anti-terrorism in the post September 11, 2001, environment. During the Cold War,
foreign aid and diplomatic programs also pursued a number of other U.S. policy interests, such as
promoting economic development, advancing U.S. trade, expanding access to basic education and
health care, promoting human rights, and protecting the environment. In the 1990s, other
objectives included stopping nuclear weapons proliferation, establishing nuclear arms control
regimes, curbing the production and trafficking of illegal drugs, expanding peace efforts in the
Middle East, achieving regional stability, protecting religious freedom, and countering trafficking
in persons.
A defining change in focus came following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the United
States. Since then, U.S. foreign aid and diplomatic programs have taken on a more strategic sense
of importance and have been frequently cast in terms of contributing to the war on terrorism. In
2002, President Bush released a National Security Strategy that for the first time established
global development as the third pillar of U.S. national security, along with defense and
diplomacy. Development was again underscored in the Administration’s re-statement of the
National Security Strategy released on March 16, 2006.
Also in 2002, foreign assistance budget justifications began to highlight the war on terrorism as
the top foreign aid priority, emphasizing amounts of U.S. assistance to 28 “front-line” states—
countries that cooperate with the United States in the war on terrorism or face terrorist threats
themselves.3 During the Bush years, the Administration implemented several new aid initiatives.

3 According to the State Department, these “front-line” states in 2002 included Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Colombia, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Georgia, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Kazakhstan,
Kenya, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
(continued...)
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Large reconstruction programs in Afghanistan and Iraq exemplified the emphasis on using foreign
aid to combat terrorism. State Department efforts focused extensively on diplomatic security and
finding new and more effective ways of presenting American views and culture through public
diplomacy.
It appears that the Obama Administration will carry some Bush foreign aid initiatives forward. A
transformational diplomacy initiative, announced in 2006, repositioned diplomats to global
trouble spots, created regional public diplomacy centers, established small posts outside of
foreign capitals, and trained diplomats in new skills. (See CRS Report RL34141, Diplomacy for
the 21st Century: Transformational Diplomacy
, by Kennon H. Nakamura and Susan B. Epstein,
for background information.) At the same time, a new position was created at the State
Department, a Deputy Secretary of State-level Director of Foreign Assistance (DFA), which was
filled during the Bush Administration by the USAID Administrator. To date, the Obama
Administration has not nominated a USAID Administrator and separate individuals are acting as
DFA and USAID Administrator. The DFA created a new Strategic Framework for Foreign
Assistance with the ultimate goal of promoting democracy and providing more coordination,
coherence, transparency, and accountability for aid programs. The Obama Administration’s first
international affairs budget proposal continues to use this framework.4
Other Bush initiatives that the Obama Administration request continues address development and
global health concerns. The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) is an aid delivery concept,
proposed by President Bush in 2002, authorized by Congress (Title VI, Division D of P.L. 108-
199) and established in early 2004. It is intended to concentrate significantly higher amounts of
U.S. resources in a few low- and low-middle income countries that have demonstrated a strong
commitment to political, economic, and social reforms. President Bush initially promised $5
billion annually by FY2006, although funds requested and appropriated have never reached this
level. The Obama Administration requested $1.43 billion for MCC in FY2010, which is 64%
above estimated FY09 appropriations, but the smallest request for MCC since its first year. (For
more information, see CRS Report RL32427, Millennium Challenge Corporation, by Curt
Tarnoff.)
Building on large Bush Administration investments in global health, particularly programs to
combat HIV/AIDS,5 the Obama Administration announced in May 2009 plans to dedicate $63
billion to global health programs through FY2014, but the Administration’s FY2010 budget
proposal includes only slight increases to global HIV/AIDS and other international health
programs.
Beyond these recently emerging foreign policy goals relating to terrorism and global health
concerns, the Obama Administration’s FY2010 request calls for even greater emphasis on food
security, as well as new resources to address issues related to climate change. The House-passed
FY2010 State-Foreign Operations bill expressed support for these priorities as well.

(...continued)
Uzbekistan, and Yemen.
4 For background, see CRS Report RL34243, Foreign Aid Reform: Issues for Congress and Policy Options, by Susan
B. Epstein and Connie Veillette.
5 For background on PEPFAR, the Bush Administration’s main HIV/AIDS initiative, see CRS Report RL34192,
PEPFAR: Policy Issues from FY2004 through FY2008, by Tiaji Salaam-Blyther.
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

FY2010 Budget Request Overview
On May 7, 2009, the Obama Administration sent its FY2010 international affairs (Function 150
account) budget request to Congress. Of that request, a total of $52.20 billion, or 97%, was for the
Department of State, foreign operations, and related programs. This represents a 3% increase
from estimated FY2009 funding, including supplemental funds, and 4.6% of the total
discretionary budget authority proposed by the Administration for FY2010. Figure 2 provides a
percentage breakout by assistance type of the FY2010 budget request for State and foreign
operations. Further details of the international affairs account are provided in Appendix E.
Figure 2. Composition of the State-Foreign Operations Budget Request, FY2010
State Admin.
23%
Other
International
1%
Orgs.
Multilateral Aid
8%
Int.
5%
Broadcasting
1%
Military Aid
11%
USAID Admin.
3%
Bilateral Aid
48%

Source: Fiscal Year 2010 Budget of the U.S. Government and CRS calculations.
Use of Supplemental Funding
Supplemental resources for State and Foreign Operations programs, which in FY2004 exceeded
regular State and Foreign Operations funding, became a significant source of funds for U.S.
international activities during the Bush Administration, especially for programs related to
reconstruction efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan and strategic assistance to the Near East and South
Central Asia. Before the Bush Administration, supplemental appropriations bills were typically
used to provide additional funding to respond to unanticipated emergencies or natural disasters.
Some have criticized the Bush Administration for relying too heavily on supplemental funds for
predictable expenses, keeping funds off-budget and making year-to-year comparisons or future-
year planning difficult.
The Obama Administration has pledged to discontinue the practice of requesting supplemental
appropriations to fund ongoing activities, starting with the FY2010 request, and claims that all
anticipated funding for FY2010 has been included in the request. As a result, the FY2010 request
for State-Foreign Operations is 36% higher than the FY2009 request of $38.34 billion, and 42%
higher than the FY2009 base appropriations (excluding all supplementals), but only 3% higher
than the total appropriated for State-Foreign Operations in FY2009 when supplemental
appropriations are included. If funding for the 2009 stimulus bill is excluded from the FY2009
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

total, which some observers feel it should be because it presumably represents a one-time
expense, the FY2010 request is 4% higher. Figure 3 presents these various ways of comparing
the FY2010 State-Foreign Operations budget request with FY2009 State-Foreign Operations
appropriations.
Figure 3. FY2010 State-Foreign Operations Request Compared to Various Measures
of FY2009 Funding
FY2009 Request
38.34
FY2009 Total Appropriations, Without
36.79
Supplementals or Stimulus
FY2009 Total Appropriations, Without Stimulus
50.17
FY2009 Total Appropriations
50.77
FY2010 Request
52.20
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
current US$, in billions

Source: State Department data; CRS calculations.
Note: These figures reflect the composition of the State-Foreign Operations appropriations bill, not the 150
budget account.
FY2010 Budget Request: State Department and Related Agencies
The Administration’s FY2010 budget request for the Department of State, international
broadcasting, and related agencies is $17.36 billion, representing a 6% increase over the FY2009
estimate of $16.36 billion, including supplementals and the mandatory Foreign Service
Retirement Fund. Related agencies funded in the State portion of the bill include the Broadcasting
Board of Governors (BBG), U.S. assessed contributions to the United Nations (U.N.), U.S.
contributions to International Organizations (CIO), and U.N. Peacekeeping (CIPA), and funding
for several International Commissions. Also included are funding for The Asia Foundation, the
National Endowment for Democracy, and several other independent, non-profit educational and
exchange organizations, as well as resources for international commissions, and the U.S. Institute
of Peace. (For a description of all the accounts within the State Department segment of the bill,
see CRS Report R40482, State, Foreign Operations Appropriations: A Guide to Component
Accounts
, by Curt Tarnoff and Kennon H. Nakamura.)
The House passed H.R. 3081, which includes $16.05 billion for the Department of State and
related agencies, on July 9, 7% less than the Administration request. However, many account
recommendations that fall short of the request reflect significant FY2009 supplemental funding
that many consider a down payment on FY2010 priorities shared by Congress and the
Administration. Also on July 9, the Senate Full Appropriations Committee reported its bill with
$16.15 billion for State operations.
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Table 3 and Figure 4 show appropriations for the State Department and related agencies over the
past decade in both current and constant dollars.
Table 3. State Department and Related Agencies Appropriations, FY2000-FY2010
(discretionary budget authority in billions of current and 2010 constant dollars)

FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08
FY09
est. FY10
req.
Current
$ 6.16 6.91 7.71 8.05 9.29 10.78 11.12 10.90 13.57 16.35
17.36
Constant
7.89 8.65 9.47 9.63 10.80 12.09 12.06 11.56 13.81 16.38
17.36
2010 $
Source: The Department of State Congressional Budget Justifications, FY2001-FY2010 and CRS calculations.
Notes: Figures include regular and supplemental appropriations. Figures for FY2010 are requested amounts.
Figure 4. State Department and Related Agencies Appropriations, FY2000-FY2010
20
18
16
s
n 14
illio 12
b 10
, in
8
$
S
6
U
4
2
0
3
5
6
8
st.
q.
FY00 FY01 FY02 FY0
FY04 FY0
FY0
FY07 FY0
FY09 e FY10 re
Current $
Constant 2010 $

Source: The Department of State Congressional Budget Justifications, FY2001-FY2010 and CRS calculations.
State Department—Administration of Foreign Affairs
The State Department’s mission is to advance and protect the worldwide interests of the United
States and its citizens through the staffing of overseas missions, the conduct of U.S. foreign
policy, the issuance of passports and visas, and other responsibilities. Currently, the State
Department coordinates with the activities of more than 40 U.S. government agencies at over 260
diplomatic posts in over 180 countries around the world. The State Department employs
approximately 30,000 people, about 60% of whom work abroad. The Administration of Foreign
Affairs includes funds for salaries and expenses, educational and cultural exchanges, and embassy
construction and security. For FY2010, the Administration is seeking $12.23 billion, an increase
of more than $1.12 billion (+10%) over the enacted FY2009 level, with supplementals. The
House bill sets funding at $11.16 billion. The Senate committee-recommended level is $11.23
billion. Highlights follow.
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Diplomatic and Consular Programs (D&CP)
The D&CP account funds most salaries and benefits; overseas operations (e.g., motor vehicles,
local guards, telecommunications, medical); activities associated with conducting foreign policy;
passport and visa applications; regional and functional bureaus and their programs; public
diplomacy programs; Offices of the Secretary of State, the Deputy Secretaries, and Under
Secretaries; and post assignment travel. Beginning in FY2000, the State Department’s Diplomatic
and Consular Program account included State’s salaries and expenses, as well as the technology
and information functions of the former U.S. Information Agency (USIA) and the functions of the
former Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA).
The Administration is requesting $8.96 billion for D&CP’s FY2010 budget, $1.81 billion more
than the FY2009 enacted total of $7.15 billion, including supplementals. The D&CP account
includes an increase in personnel of 1,181 positions above attrition with about 750 of these new
positions reserved for the Foreign Service. The increase reflects the Obama Administration’s
intention to significantly expand U.S. diplomatic capacity. Within the FY2010 D&CP request,
public diplomacy would receive $506.3 million and $1.65 billion is designated for worldwide
security protection (for increased security personnel, maintenance, and ongoing salaries). These
amounts represent 23.4% and 25% increases, respectively, above the FY2009 estimates of $410.4
million and of $1.31 billion.
The House-passed bill provides $8.23 billion for D&CP, including $1.58 billion for worldwide
security protection, $520 million for public diplomacy, and $542 million to support 1,030 new
positions for diplomatic and development personnel. The House report identifies the rebuilding of
diplomatic and development capacity as one of four committee priorities for FY2010.
The Senate committee reported a similar D&CP level of $8.23 billion.
Embassy Security, Construction and Maintenance (ESCM)
This account supports the maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement of facilities to provide
appropriate, safe, secure and functional facilities for U.S. diplomatic missions abroad. Average
annual funding for this account has increased significantly since the embassy bombings in Africa
in August 1998, after which Congress establishing a new subaccount referred to as Worldwide
Security Upgrades. This subaccount funds the bricks and mortar type of security needs overseas.
For FY2010, the Administration seeks $876.9 million for ongoing ESCM operations and $938.2
million for worldwide security upgrades, the later of which is planned to support new facilities in
Kabul, Afghanistan; Peshawar and Islamabad, Pakistan; Sanaa, Yemen; and Dakar, Senegal. The
total request for the ESCM account is $1.82 billion, representing a 32% decrease over the
FY2009 estimated level of $2.7 billion. This change reflects anticipated completion of Embassy
Baghdad in FY2009.
Both the House-passed bill and the Senate-reported bill provide $1.724 billion for ESCM, noting
that the $91 million difference between their recommendation and the President’s is made up for
in FY2009 supplemental funds provided to accelerate completion of secure housing for
diplomatic and development personnel in Pakistan.
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Civilian Stabilization Initiative
The Civilian Stabilization Initiative was established in 2004 to improve the ability of U.S. civilian
agencies to promote stability in post-conflict situations internationally. An Office of the
Coordinator of Reconstruction and Stabilization was created at the State Department (S/CRS) to
monitor, plan for, and coordinate interagency responses to such situations, and to develop
mechanisms and capabilities necessary to carry out such operations. As part of its mandate,
S/CRS is charged with establishing a Civilian Response Corps (CRC) of trained federal civilian
employees, as well as non-governmental civilian personnel with expertise in various sectors, who
can be rapidly deployed to post-conflict environments when a “surge” of personnel is warranted.
Congress provided $65 million for S/CRS and related USAID activities, including the
establishment and implementation of civilian response capabilities, in the Supplemental
Appropriations Act, 2008 (P.L. 110-252). Congress provided another $75 million in FY2009
appropriations in the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (P.L. 111-8), with $30 million of that
amount appropriated for USAID and $45 million for the Department of State. The CRC was
formally launched in July 2008.
The Obama Administration’s FY2010 request includes $323 million for the Civilian Stabilization
Initiative, representing a 331% increase over the $75 million appropriated for this account in
FY2009. All of the funding requested for CSI was within the State Department Administration of
Foreign Affairs section of the request. The Administration says that the increased funding will
support the recruitment, development, and training of both the active and standby components of
the CRC, as well as operating expenses and 10 new staff positions for S/CRS.
H.R. 3081 provides $125 million for CSI under the State Department, and an additional $30
million under USAID. S. 1434 as reported out of committee provides $150 million for CSI.
Educational and Cultural Exchanges
This account funds programs authorized by the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of
1961, such as the Fulbright Academic Exchange Program, as well as leadership programs for
foreign leaders and professionals. Government exchange programs came under close scrutiny in
past years for being excessive in number and duplicative. After the September 11 attacks, the
Department of State began to emphasize public diplomacy activities in Arab and Muslim
populations. The Obama Administration is requesting $633 million for exchanges in FY2010.
This represents an 18% increase over the FY2009 estimate. The additional funds would expand
English language and alumni programs and support 29 new staff positions to improve
management of expanding programs.
The House-passed bill includes $600 million for educational and cultural exchanges. The Senate
Appropriations Committee recommends $635.2 million for exchanges.
The Capital Investment Fund (CIF)
CIF was established by the Foreign Relations Authorization Act of FY1994/95 (P.L. 103-236) to
provide for purchasing information technology and capital equipment that would ensure the
efficient management, coordination, operation, and utilization of State’s resources.
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The FY2010 budget request includes $160 million for CIF, which is 56% lower than the FY2009
estimate of $361 million, including Recovery Act funding of $290.0 million. The House bill
provides $134.7 million for this account, while the Senate Appropriations Committee reported out
a bill that includes $160 million.
International Organizations and Conferences
In recent years, U.S. contributions to the United Nations and its affiliated agencies (Contributions
to International Organizations—CIO) and peacekeeping activities (Contributions to International
Peacekeeping Account—CIPA) have been affected by a number of issues. These have included
the withholding of funds related to international family planning policies; issues related to
implementation of the Iraq Oil for Food Program, and the findings and recommendations of the
Volcker Committee Inquiry into that program; alleged and actual findings of sexual exploitation
and abuse by personnel in U.N. peacekeeping operations in the field and other misconduct by
U.N. officials at U.N. headquarters in New York and at other U.N. headquarters venues; and
efforts to develop, agree to, and bring about meaningful and comprehensive reform of the United
Nations organization, in most of its aspects.
Contributions to International Organizations (CIO)
CIO provides funds to pay the assessed U.S. membership dues (as distinguished from the
voluntary contributions to international organizations made through the Foreign Operations
account) in numerous international organizations and for multilateral foreign policy activities.
Maintaining a membership in international organizations, the Administration argues, benefits the
United States by advancing U.S. interests and principles while sharing the costs with other
countries. Payments to the United Nations and its affiliated agencies, the Inter-American
Organization, as well as other regional and international organizations, are included in this
account to meet assessed contribution levels. The President’s FY2010 request totals $1.80 billion
for this account, representing a 12% increase over the estimated FY2009 level of $1.60 million,
including supplementals. Within the request is $175 million in “synchronization” payments to get
the United States up to date on payments to international organizations, and $50 million for the
U.N. Population Fund, for which no funding was requested during the previous administration.
Both H.R. 3081 and S. 1434 provide $1.7 billion for CIO, with $100 million less than the
Administration requested for synchronization payments.
Contributions to International Peacekeeping Activities (CIPA)
The United States supports multilateral peacekeeping efforts around the world through payment
of its share of the U.N. assessed peacekeeping budget. The President’s FY2010 request of $2.26
billion is intended to pay the full U.S. assessed share of U.N. peacekeeping mission expenses.
The request represents an 5% decline from the FY2009 estimate of $2.39 billion, which includes
more than $870 million in supplemental appropriations.
Both House and Senate bills contain $2.13 billion for CIPA, or 6% less than the Administration
request.
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International Commissions
The International Commissions account (in the State Department budget, but not a part of the 150
account) includes the U.S.-Mexico Boundary and Water Commission, U.S. and Mexico, the
American Sections Commission, and the International Fisheries Commission. The President
requested $132.5 million for these. The House and Senate bills provide $137.5 million and $137.9
million, respectively, for these commissions.
Other commissions include the Commission for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad,
the Commission on International Religious Freedom, the Commission on Security & Cooperation
in Europe, the Congressional-Executive Commission on the People’s Republic of China, and the
Unites States-China Economic Security and Review Commission. The FY2010 request of $13.0
million represents a slight decline of under 2% as compared with the FY2009 total of $13.2
million. Both the House and Senate bills fund these at $13.0 million.
Related State Department Appropriations
Several private, non-profit organizations receive U.S. funding through State Department
appropriations. The FY2010 request for The Asia Foundation, which supports efforts to
strengthen democratic processes and open markets in Asia, is $16.23 million, a 1% increase over
the FY2009 estimate. The International Center for Middle Eastern-Western Dialogue Trust Fund,
established in FY2004 by P.L. 108-199, would be authorized in FY2010 to disburse $875,000
(compared with $876,000 in FY2009) of interest and earnings from the Trust Fund to be used for
programming activities and conferences. The National Endowment for Democracy would receive
a 13% budget cut, from $115 million in FY2009 to $100 million requested for FY2010, to carry
out programs to strengthen democratic institutions throughout the world. The East-West Center,
established in 1960 by Congress to promote understanding and cooperation among the
governments and peoples of the Asia/Pacific region and the United States, would receive $11.7
million under the Administration’s budget, a decrease of 44% from the FY2009 funding estimate
of $21 million. Additionally, the Administration is requesting $49.2 million for the U.S. Institute
of Peace, established in 1984 by P.L. 98-525 to promote international peace through activities
such as educational programs, conferences and workshops, professional training, applied
research, and dialogue facilitation in the United States and abroad. This request represents a $18.2
million (59%) increase from the FY2009 estimate of $31.0 million.
The House and Senate bills match the Administration request with two exceptions: the House
includes no funding for the East-West Center, while the Senate bill provides $24.0 million for it,
and both bills recommend $19 million ($2.77 million more than requested) for The Asia
Foundation.
Broadcasting Board of Governors
The Administration’s FY2010 funding request for the BBG, which broadcasts to the world
through radio, television, the Internet, and other media in 60 languages, is $745.5 million, or
$30.0 million (4%) above the FY2009 level of $715.5 million. The BBG budget is composed of
two elements: the International Broadcasting Operations and Broadcasting Capital Improvements.
The FY2010 request for the International Broadcasting Operations portion, which provides
funding for the Voice of America, Radio Free Asia, and the Middle East Broadcasting network,
among other broadcast services, is $732.2 million. This is $28 million above the FY2009 estimate
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of $704.2 million, or an increase of about 4%. The FY2010 request for Broadcasting Capital
Improvements, at $13.3 million, is 17% higher than the FY2009 estimate of $11.3 million.
In prior years, the BBG has separated out funding for broadcasts to Cuba. The Administration’s
FY2010 proposal does not include a separate line item for Cuba, but includes $32.5 million in
funding for the Office of Cuba Broadcasting within the International Broadcasting Operations
account.
The House bill virtually matches the Administration’s request, while the Senate reported bill sets
the broadcasting funding level $16.1 million below request.
FY2010 Budget Request: Foreign Operations
The Foreign Operations budget comprises the majority of U.S. foreign assistance programs, both
bilateral and multilateral. (See Appendix D for Foreign Operations accounts and funding levels.)
The annual State-Foreign Operations Appropriations bill funds all U.S. bilateral development
assistance programs, with the exception of food assistance appropriated through the Agriculture
Appropriations bill (for which $2.42 billion was appropriated in FY2009 and $1.89 billion is
requested for FY2010). These funds are managed primarily by USAID and the State Department,
together with several smaller independent foreign aid agencies such as the Millennium Challenge
Corporation, the Peace Corps, and the Inter-American and African Development Foundations.
The legislation also supports U.S. contributions to major multilateral financial institutions, such
as the World Bank and United Nations entities, and includes funds for the Export-Import Bank,
whose activities are regarded more as trade promotion than foreign aid. On occasion, the bill
replenishes U.S. financial commitments to international financial institutions, such as the World
Bank and the International Monetary Fund. (For a description of all the accounts within the
Foreign Operations section of the bill, see CRS Report R40482, State, Foreign Operations
Appropriations: A Guide to Component Accounts
, by Curt Tarnoff and Kennon H. Nakamura.)
The foreign operations budget request for FY2010 totals $34.85 billion in foreign assistance
programs, representing a 1% increase from the estimated FY2009 level of $34.42 billion. Table 4
and Figure 5 provide funding levels, including supplemental appropriations and rescissions, for
foreign operations since FY2000 in both current and constant dollars. Between FY2000 and
FY2009, foreign aid funding increased 112% in current dollars, and by 66% in constant dollars.
Table 4. Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2000-FY2010
(discretionary budget authority in billions of current and constant dollars)

FY09 FY10
FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08
est.
req.
Current
16.41 16.31 16.54 23.67 39.05 23.45 23.13 26.38 26.89 34.42 34.85
$
Constant 21.02 20.41 20.32 28.32 45.41 26.30 25.08 27.97 27.37 34.48 34.85
2010 $
Source: The Foreign Operations Congressional Budget Justification, FY2001-FY2010 and CRS calculations.
Notes: Figures for FY2010 are requested amounts. Figures for FY2009 include al supplementals.
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Figure 5. Foreign Operations, FY2000-FY2010
50
45
40
s
n
35
30
illio
b
25
, in 20
$ 15
S
U
10
5
0
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
t.
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
req.
09 es
10
FY
FY
Current $
Constant 2009 $

Source: The Foreign Operations Congressional Budget Justification, FY2001-FY2010, and CRS calculations.

H.R. 3081 provides $32.96 billion for Foreign Operations for FY2010, which is 5% less than the
Administration’s request. The Senate committee-reported bill provides $32.69 billion.
Top 10 U.S. Foreign Aid Recipient Countries
Prior to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, Israel and Egypt typically received the largest amounts
of U.S. foreign aid every year since the Camp David Peace Accords in 1978. The reconstruction
efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan moved those countries into the top five, though assistance to Iraq
has declined sharply in the past couple of years, with the FY2010 request of $500 million falling
just outside of the top 10. West Bank & Gaza funding also fell just outside of the top 10 in the
FY2010 request, with the recommended $503 million representing a 45% reduction from the
FY2009 estimate of $910 million. South Africa, a recipient of significant HIV/AIDS assistance,
and Colombia, a recipient of significant counter-narcotics assistance, emerge among the top 10
recipients in the FY2010 request, though the requested funding does not represent a significant
increase. The $548 million requested for South Africa is just over the $541 million estimated for
FY2009, and the $513 million requested for Colombia is lower than the FY2009 estimate of $542
million. See Table 5 for top U.S. aid recipients in FY2009 and the FY2010 request.



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Table 5. Top 10 Recipients of U.S. Foreign Aid in FY2009, FY2010 Request
(in millions of current $)
FY2009 Est.
FY2010 request
Country
Estimated Allocation
Country
Requested Allocation
Israel 3,105
Afghanistan
2,777
Afghanistan 2,676
Israel
2,775
Pakistan 2,119

Pakistan
1,582
Egypt 1,866
Egypt
1,555
Jordan 1,022
Jordan
693
West Bank & Gaza
910
Kenya
659
Kenya 702
Nigeria
561
Mexico 673
South
Africa
548
Iraq 588
Ethiopia
546
Ethiopia 575
Colombia
513
Note: FY2009 figures are preliminary estimates from the F Bureau that include al supplementals.
FY2010 Foreign Operations Account Details
When the Obama Administration submitted its FY2010 foreign operations budget proposal in
May 2009, it calculated that the request was nearly a 9% increase over FY2009 funding,
including the supplemental request of $4.5 billion then pending before Congress for foreign
operations accounts. However, the supplemental bill (H.R. 2346/H.Rept. 111-151) that was
signed by the President on June 24, 2009 (P.L. 111-32) included $7.04 billion for foreign
operations, reducing the increase between enacted FY2009 appropriations and the FY2010
request for foreign operations to 1%. Because Congress approved FY2009 base and supplemental
appropriations after the Obama administration took office in January 2009, and a significant
portion was enacted after the FY2010 budget proposal was released, it may be difficult to detect
shifting policies and priorities by comparing the FY2009 appropriations to the FY2010 request.
The FY2010 Congressional Budget Justification highlights a proposed increase in economic
assistance to thwart a resurgence of the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan by promoting
economic development and enhancing counternarcotics activities. However, so much
supplemental funding has been appropriated for Afghanistan and Pakistan in FY2009 that the
FY2010 economic assistance (excluding military aid) request for these countries, at $2.78 billion
and $1.28 billion, respectively, represents only a 4% and 15% increase, respectively. Compared
with FY2008 appropriations, however, the FY2010 request is a 32% increase for Afghanistan and
a 189% increase for Pakistan. The House bill provides $2.54 billion for Afghanistan and $1.46
billion for Pakistan under the ESF, INCLE, and FMF accounts, but does not specify a portion of
NADR, GHCS, or other funds for either country, which the Administration’s request includes.
The Administration also proposes in its FY2010 budget request to meet financial commitments to
multilateral development banks, the United Nations, and other international multilateral
organizations with a request for $2.70 billion, a 46% increase over the total FY2009-enacted
level. The Administration’s stated goal for this funding is to enhance the United State’s leadership
role within these forums and address food insecurity through a $12 million (67%) increase in
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funding to the International Fund for Agricultural Development. A new request for $600 million
for international clean technology and strategic climate funds at the World Bank is, according to
the Administration, intended to demonstrate a U.S. commitment to addressing problems related to
climate change.
The House recommendation of $2.35 billion for multilateral assistance largely follows the
request, though it included less than half the funds requested ($225 million) for the clean
technology and strategic climate funds, and an additional $38.5 million for international
organizations and programs. Among these, the House recommended increases for the UN
Children’s Fund, the UN Development Program, the UN Population Fund, the UN High
Commissioner on Human Rights, the UN Women’s Fund, and the UNIFEM Trust Fund, while
recommending less than the request for the UN Democracy Fund. The Senate Appropriations
Committee-reported bill provides $257.9 million more for multilateral assistance than the House-
passed bill, including $400 million for the International Clean technology Fund.
Other foreign operations accounts that would see significant changes from the total FY2009
levels in the FY2010 budget proposal or House recommendation include the following:
USAID operating expense and capital investment accounts, which would fund the
Administration’s proposal to create an additional 350 Foreign Service Officer positions at
USAID, would increase by 36% and 74%, respectively, under the request. A floor amendment
reduced the Capitol Investment Fund from $213 million to $185 million. H.R. 3081, as passed,
provides $1.39 billion, a 31% increase for operating expenses over the FY2009 total.
Development Assistance, from which additional funding would support the Administration’s
agricultural development and food security priorities, would increase by 37% over the FY2009
funding level under the Administration request, by 25% under the House-passed bill, and by 28%
in the Senate-reported bill.
Emergency Refugee & Migration Assistance would increase by 88% under the Administration
request, as well as the House and Senate plans, in order to reduce reliance on supplemental
appropriations.
International Disaster Assistance would receive a 7% increase over the FY2009 funding level
under the Administration request to address emergency food security and certain new
responsibilities taken over from the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The House bill
provides a 1% increase and the Senate bill provides a 4% increase.
The Millennium Challenge Corporation would receive an increase of more than 60% over
FY2009 levels under both the Administration request and the House-passed bill. The Senate bill,
however, provides a 9% increase.
Treasury Department’s Debt Restructuring Activities would get an 84% increase over the
FY2009 funding level under the Administration request, to meet U.S. commitments related to the
enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. The House and Senate bills both
provide $60 million, the same as the FY2009 level.
International Military Education and Training would increase 19% under both the
Administration and House proposals. The Senate bill provides $5 million less than requested, but
still more than the FY2009 funding level for this account.
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Non-Proliferation, Anti-Terrorism and Demining would increase by 21% under the
Administration request and the Senate bill, to fund a portion of the new Shared Security
Partnership Initiative (discussed below under “New Initiatives”), while the House bill provides a
14% increase.
International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement would grow by 25% under the
Administration request, to incorporate activities previously funded through the Andean
Counterdrug Initiative account, combat opium production and trafficking in Afghanistan, fund
Merida Initiative programs in Mexico and Central America, and expand civilian law enforcement
support to Pakistan. The House bill is 16% below the request, but 4% above the FY2009 total,
and the Senate-reported bill is 22% below the request and 2% below FY2009 funding level.
The Transition Initiatives (TI) account would receive a 152% increase over the FY2009
estimated appropriation under the Administration request. However, the request is 22% above
actual FY09 funding for TI, which, since FY2003, has routinely received at least half its funds
through transfers from other accounts. The House bill provides a 100% increase over the FY2009
level, while the Senate Committee recommends a 30% increase.
Only a few accounts would receive less than their estimated FY2009 appropriation under the
Administration’s FY2010 request.
The Economic Support Fund, assistance to countries of strategic importance to the United
States, as requested by the Administration, would decrease by 9% from the FY2009 total, largely
because of FY2009 supplemental funds for this account. Both the House and Senate bills provide
$6.37 billion for this account, $134 million less than the Administration requested.
Assistance for Europe, Eurasia and Central Asia would decline by 17% under the
Administration request and 22% under the House level, due to the large FY2009 supplemental
funding for Georgia. The Senate committee recommends a 19% decline for this account.
While Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance would increase by 88%, regular
Migration and Refugee Assistance funds would be cut by 11% under both the Administration
and House proposals. The Senate bill recommends nearly $7 million more than the FY2009 level.
International Peacekeeping contributions would be reduced by 44% under the request, and 37%
under the House and Senate plans, due largely to FY2009 levels inflated by large supplemental
allocations for Somalia and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Foreign Military Financing would decrease by 15% under the request, reflecting large FY2009
supplemental FMF appropriations for Mexico, Egypt and Jordan. The House-passed a 32% cut
from FY2009 (almost $2 billion), noting that Congress “forward funded” a portion of the FMF
request for Egypt, Israel and Jordan in the FY2009 supplemental. The Senate Committee
recommends cutting $2.2 billion from this account in FY2010.
Democracy Fund and Fund for Ireland would receive increases (3% and 20%, respectively) in
the House bill over FY2009 levels, while neither account was included in the Administration
request. The Senate Appropriations Committee contains 3% for the Democracy Fund and no
funding for the Fund for Ireland.
Export-Import Bank assistance was limited by a managers amendment to the House bill, first
proposed by Representative Mark Kirk, which would restrict funds to countries having detonated
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a nuclear device in violation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. The
provision addresses concerns that current law does not prevent the Export-Import Bank from
providing credit, insurance, or guarantees assistance to companies that contribute significantly to
Iran’s petroleum industry.
Figure 5 shows proposed changes to the largest bilateral assistance accounts.(See for FY2008
totals, FY2009 estimates, and the FY2010 request by account.)
Figure 6. Proposed Changes to Major Bilateral Assistance Accounts
8000
7000
$
S
6000
f U 5000
o
s
n
4000
io 3000
ill
m
2000
in 1000
0
A
S
F
A
A
A
R
F
D
S
R
C
LE
HC
E
M
ID
AD
FM
G
EE
A
INC
N
FY09 Est.
FY2010 Req.

Source: FY2010 International Affairs Congressional Budget Justification; CRS calculations.
Notes: DA = Development Assistance; GHCS = Global Health and Child Survival; ESF = Economic Support
Fund; MRA = Migration and Refugee Assistance; IDA = International Disaster Assistance; AEECA = Assistance
for Europe, Eurasia and Central Asia (prior to FY2009 this was two separate accounts - the Freedom Support
Act (FSA) account and the Support for Eastern European Democracy (SEED) account); INCLE = International
Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement; and NADR = Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism and Demining; FMF=
Foreign Military Financing.
New Initiatives
The Administration’s budget request calls for a new Shared Security Partnership, funded
through the INCLE, NADR, PKO, and FMF accounts, to develop strategic partnerships aimed at
confronting common threats. The House bill expresses support for this initiative, which would
expand on the Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership and the East Africa Regional Strategic
initiative program to develop and support Regional Strategic Initiatives designed to improve
coordination and cooperation on global terrorism and crime issues.
Shortly before the May 7, 2009, release of the Administration’s FY2010 budget request, President
Obama announced a six-year, $63 billion Global Health Initiative. Of this amount, $51 billion
would support ongoing HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria programs, and $12 billion would
address other health needs, including post-natal and child health. Administration officials have
stated that the intention of the initiative is to move beyond the HIV-specific focus of the Bush
Administration’s PEPFAR initiative and towards a more comprehensive and integrated approach
to global health. This strategy has been applauded by many global health advocates, but others
have expressed concern that the funding request does not match the rhetoric. The budget request
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does not show dramatic changes in total global health funding for FY2010 (the FY2010 request
for Global Health and Child Survival is a 3% increase over the FY2009 total, including
supplementals), prompting some critics to claim that global health programs will be asked to take
on broader responsibilities without additional resources. However, the request does include
sizable budget increases for relatively small programs to address neglected tropical diseases,
avian influenza, and infectious disease surveillance. The House funding for the Global Health and
Child Survival account is $7.78 billion, or 2% more than the Administration’s request.
Emergency Crises Fund, established as a new account by the Senate bill (S. 1434), would
enable the Secretary of State, in consultation with the USAID Administrator, to respond to certain
unforeseen crises. The committee notes that the department of State is establishing crisis
prevention and response capabilities to assume much of the functions currently funded under
Department of Defense’s (DOD) Section 1207, P.L. 109-163. The Senate committee recommends
$100 million for FY2010.
Regional Distribution
As shown in Figure 6, under the FY2010 proposal, Africa would be the region receiving the most
U.S. foreign assistance, with a 1% increase over the FY2009 total, including supplementals, of
$6.67 billion bringing the request to $6.74 billion. Funding for Africa would continue to be
heavily focused on HIV/AIDS and other health programs, while expanding activities related to
agriculture, governance, education, and economic growth. South and Central Asia would continue
to see high aid levels, though the FY2010 proposal of $4.87 billion is a 6% decrease from the
total FY2009 estimate of $5.20 billion. The FY2009 figure was bolstered by $1.30 billion
appropriated by Congress ($678 million beyond the Administration’s request) in supplemental
funds for counterinsurgency support to Pakistan. The Western Hemisphere would remain fairly
steady, with the $2.41 billion FY2009 total, including $420 million is supplemental FMF and
INCLE funds for Mexico, 2% higher than the $2.37 billion request for FY2010. East Asia &
Pacific would receive a 17% increase over the FY2009 estimate of $690 million, which did not
include funds requested by the Administration for North Korea, with priority given to ongoing
support for Indonesia, increasing assistance to Burma, and funds available for negotiating the
dismantlement of North Korea’s nuclear program. The Near East would also receive a 17%
reduction from the FY2009 total of $7.96 billion, in part because of large increases to Israel,
Egypt, and Jordan included in the FY2009 supplemental. Under the FY2010 proposal, most funds
would go to Iraq, West Bank and Gaza, and for the Trans Sahara Counter-Terrorism Partnership.
Cuts to Europe and Eurasia would also be substantial, at -14%, reflecting more pressing needs
elsewhere.
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Figure 7. Regional Distribution of Foreign Aid, FY2008-FY2010
9
8
$
S
7
t U
n
6
rre 5
u
f c
4
o
s
3
n
2
illio
b
1
0
Africa
EAP
EUP
NE
SCA
WH
FY2008
FY2009 Est.
FY2010 Req.

Source: Foreign Operations Congressional Budget Justification, FY2010.
Note: FY2010 figures represent the Administrations request. EAP=East Asia and Pacific; EUR=Europe and
Eurasia; NE=Near East; SCA=South and Central Asia; WH=Western Hemisphere.
Iraq and Afghanistan Share of Total Aid Budget
Including both base budgets and supplemental appropriations, the share of U.S. bilateral foreign
assistance going to Iraq and Afghanistan has increased sharply since FY2002. Foreign aid to
Afghanistan has increased significantly, though inconsistently, since the U.S. invasion of
Afghanistan in 2001, and the FY2010 request for Afghanistan—$2.78 billion—would provide the
highest funding to date for that country. For Iraq, assistance consisted of small sums to support
Iraqi opposition groups in the early 2000s, but picked up precipitously in FY2004 to more than
$17 billion, before dropping sharply back in recent years. The FY2010 request for Iraq is $500
million, down 15% from the FY2009 estimate. The portion of the foreign operations budget
allocated to Iraq and Afghanistan has hovered just under 10% in the past few years after reaching
50% in FY2004, the peak of Iraq reconstruction and rehabilitation appropriations. It is important
to note, however, that both countries receive significant assistance through the Defense
appropriations bill, which is not covered in this report. Table 6 tracks funding to both countries
from FY2002 through FY2009, including the FY2010 request. The FY2010 requested funding for
Iraq and Afghanistan represents 9% of total funding requested for foreign operations.



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Table 6. Foreign Operations Appropriations for Iraq and Afghanistan,
FY2002-FY2010
(millions of current U.S. dollars)
FY10

FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 req.
Iraq
25.0 2,890.0 17,849.5 27.7
1,657.7 2,159.9 633.1 588.0 500.0
Afghanistan
686.1 589.6 1,798.7 2,674.1 967.8 1,827.8 2,103.7 2,676.0 2,777.0
Total, as % of
4.3% 14.7% 50.3% 12% 11.3% 15.3% 9.9% 9.5% 9.4%
foreign operations
Source: U.S. Department of State, Foreign Operations Congressional Budget Justifications, FY2004 through
FY2010, and CRS calculations. Figures here do not include Department of Defense funds. For more information,
see CRS Report RL31833, Iraq: Reconstruction Assistance, by Curt Tarnoff, and CRS Report RL30588, Afghanistan:
Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy, by Kenneth Katzman.
Note: Figures include supplemental funding.
Sector Distribution
Over the years, Congress has expressed interest in various discrete aid sectors, such as education,
trade, maternal and child health, and biodiversity, that are either subcategories of the “Program
Area” level depicted in the budget funding tables or are budgeted across multiple program
elements or areas. Table 7 compares the FY2009 and FY2010 budget requests for key interest
areas identified by the Administration—obligated and actual FY2009 funding levels for these
sectors are not available. The 487% increase in the request for Clean Energy and 672% increase
requested for Global Climate Change, compared with the FY2009 requests, seems to demonstrate
the Obama Administration’s heightened interest in global environmental issues. Particularly large
increases were also proposed for Avian Influenza (+145%), to strengthen national capacities to
prepare for and respond to the emergence of pandemic-capable viruses, such as H1N1 (“swine
flu”), and for Other Public Health Threats (+103%) to address neglected tropical diseases,
containment of anti-microbial resistance, and infectious disease surveillance.
Table 7. Selected Sector Funding, FY2009 Request and
FY2010 Request
(millions of current U.S. dollars)
Sector
FY2009 Req.
FY2010 Req.
% Change
Avian Influenza
$51
$125
+145%
Basic Education
$625
$1,001
+60%
Biodiversity $125
$184

+47%
Clean Energy
$37
$217
+486%
Family Planning/Reproductive Health
$332
$593
+79%
Food Security

$3,353

Global Climate Change
$75
$579
+672%
Higher Education

$188

HIV/AIDS $5,121
$5,609
+9.5%
Malaria $386
$585
+52%
Congressional Research Service
21

State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

Sector
FY2009 Req.
FY2010 Req.
% Change
Maternal and Child Health
$704
$954
+36%
Microenterprise and Microfinance
$105
$168
+60%
Other Public Health Threats
$63
$128
+103%
Polio $21
$32
+52%
Trade Capacity Building
$237
$316
+33%
Trafficking in Persons
$31
$32
+3%
Trans-Sahara Counter-Terrorism
$61
$80
+31%
Tuberculosis $97
$191
+97%
Water $116
$176
+52%
Source: U.S. Department of State Foreign Operations Congressional Budget Justification, FY2010, and CRS
calculations.
Congressional Research Service
22



State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

Appendix A. Structure of State-Foreign Operations Appropriations

Source: CRS.
CRS-23

State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

Appendix B. Abbreviations
Funding Accounts:

ACI
Andean Counterdrug Initiative
AEECA
Assistance for Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia
CSH
Child Survival and Health
DA Development
Assistance
DF Democracy
Fund
ERMA
Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance
ESF
Economic Support Fund
FMF Foreign
Military
Financing
GHAI
Global HIV/AIDS Initiative
IDFA
International Disaster and Famine Assistance
IMET
International Military Education and Training
INCLE
International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement
MCC Millennium
Challenge
Corporation
MRA
Migration and Refugee Assistance
NADR
Non-proliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs
PEPFAR
President’s Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief
PKO Peacekeeping
Operations
PL 480
Food aid
PMI
President’s Malaria Initiative
TI Transition
Initiatives
Other:

DFA
Director of Foreign Assistance
AFR Africa
EAP
East Asia and Pacific
EUR
Europe and Eurasia
LAC
Latin America and Caribbean
NE Near
East
SCA
South and Central Asia
USAID
U.S. Agency for International Development
Congressional Research Service
24

State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

Appendix C. State Department and Related Agencies Appropriations
Table C-1. State Department and Related Agencies Appropriations, FY2008-FY2010
(in millions of current U.S. $)
FY2010
FY2010
req. as %
House-
FY2010
of
passed
Senate
FY2008
FY2009
FY2009 FY2009
FY2009
FY2009
FY2010
FY2009
H.R.
Cmte

Totala
Baseb
Bridgec
Stim.d
Supp.e
Total
Request
Total
3081
S. 1434
Title I. State Department
Administration of Foreign
Affairs, Subtotal
9,150.0 7,977.9 803.2
382.0 1,943.5 11,106.6 12,228.6
+10% 11,157.0 11,233.4
Diplomatic & Consular
Program
6,818.4 5,360.0 704.9 90.0 997.9 7,152.8 8,960.0 +25% 8,229.3 8,227.0
Capital
Investment
Fund
59.6 71.0 0.0 290.0 0.0 361.0 160.0 -50% 134.7 160.0
Embassy
security/constructn/maintenance
1,502.3 1,706.6 41.3
0.0 921.5 2,669.4 1,815.1 -32% 1,724.2 1,724.2
Civilian Stabilization Initiative

45.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
45.0f 323.3
+618% 125.0 150.0
Office of Inspector General
52.2
37.0
57.0
2.0
24.1
120.1
100.0
-17%
108.0
100.0
Ed & cultural exchange
programs
501.3 538.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 538.0 633.2 +18% 600.0 635.2
Representation
al owances 8.1 8.2
0.0 0.0
0.0 8.2 8.2 0% 8.2 8.2
Protection of foreign missions
& officials
22.8 22.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.8 27.2 +19% 28.5 27.2
Emergency-diplomatic &
consular services
8.9 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 10.0
+11% 10.0 10.0
Buying
Power
and
Maintenance — 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 10.0
+100% 7.5 10.0
Repatriation
Loans
1.3 1.4
0.0 0.0
0.0 1.4 1.5
+7% 1.5 1.5
Payment American Institute
Taiwan
16.2 16.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.8 21.2 +26% 21.2 21.2
Foreign Service Retirement
Fund (mandatory)
158.9 157.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 157.1 158.9 +1% 158.9 158.9
CRS-25

State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

FY2010
FY2010
req. as %
House-
FY2010
of
passed
Senate
FY2008
FY2009
FY2009 FY2009
FY2009
FY2009
FY2010
FY2009
H.R.
Cmte

Totala
Baseb
Bridgec
Stim.d
Supp.e
Total
Request
Total
3081
S. 1434
International
Organizations, Subtotal
3,473.6 3,046.4 225.5
0.0 721.0 3,992.9 4,057.0
2% 3,822.0 3,822.0
Contributions to int’l Orgs
1,409.4
1,529.4
75.0
0.0
0.0
1,604.4
1,797.0
12%
1,697.0
1,697.0
Contributions to international
peacekeeping
2,064.2 1,517.0 150.5
0.0 721.0 2,388.5 2,260.0
-5% 2,125.0 2,125.0
International
Commissionsh
192.6 117.0 0.0 220.0 0.0 337.0 132.5 13% 137.5 137.9
Int’l
Boundary;/U.S.-Mexico 155.4 75.5 0.0
220.0 0.0
295.5 76.3 1% 76.3 76.3
American
Sections
10.9 11.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.6 12.6 9% 12.6 12.6
International
Fisheries
26.3 29.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 29.9 43.6 46% 48.6 49.0
International
Broadcasting, Subtotal
684.0 709.5 6.0 0.0 0.0 715.5 745.5 +4% 746.5 730.4
Broadcasting
Operations
673.3 698.2 6.0 0.0 0.0 704.2 732.2 +4% 733.8 717.8
Cuba
Broadcasting
[33.4] [34.8] 0.0 0.0 0.0 [34.8] [32.5]
[32.5] [17.5]
Capital
Improvements
10.7 11.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.3 13.3 +18% 12.7 12.6
Related Appropriations,
Subtotal
61.3 184.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 184.8 178.9 -3% 170.0 214.0
Asia
Foundation
15.4 16.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.0 16.2 +1% 19.0 19.0
US Institute of Peace
24.8
31.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.0
49.2
+59%
49.2
49.2
Center for Middle East-West
Dialogue-Trust & Program
0.9 0.9
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.9 0.9 0% 0.9 0.9
Eisenhower Exchange
Programs
0.5 0.5
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.5 0.5 0% 0.5 0.5
Israeli Arab Scholarship
Program
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
0%
0.4
0.4
East-West
Center
19.3 21.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.0 11.7 -44% 0.0 24.0
National Endowment for
Democracyg
[99.2] 115.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115.0 100.0 -13% 100.0 120.0
CRS-26

State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

FY2010
FY2010
req. as %
House-
FY2010
of
passed
Senate
FY2008
FY2009
FY2009 FY2009
FY2009
FY2009
FY2010
FY2009
H.R.
Cmte

Totala
Baseb
Bridgec
Stim.d
Supp.e
Total
Request
Total
3081
S. 1434
Other Commissions
12.2 13.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.2 13.0 -2% 13.0 13.0
Preservation of America’s
Heritage
0.5 0.6
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.6 0.6 0% 0.6 0.6
Int’l Religious Freedom
3.3 4.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 4.0 4.3 8% 4.3 4.3
Security and Cooperation In
Europe
2.4 2.6
0.0 0.0
0.0 2.6 2.6 0% 2.6 2.6
Cong-Exec on People’s
Republic of China
2.0 2.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 2.0 2.0 0% 2.0 2.0
U.S.-China Economic and
Security Review
4.0 4.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 4.0 3.5
-13% 3.5 3.5
State/Broadcasting/Related
Agencies, TOTAL
13,573.1 12,048.8 1,034.7 602.0 2,664.5 16,350.0 17,355.5
+6% 16,046.0 16,150.6
Source: U.S. Department of State budget documents; House and Senate Appropriations Committees; and CRS calculations.
a. FY2008 totals include regular and supplemental appropriations.
b. P.L. 111-8.
c. P.L. 110-252.
d. P.L. 111-5.
e. P.L. 111-32.
f.
An additional $30 million was appropriated for the Civilian Stabilization Initiative in FY2009 under USAID. The Administration’s FY2010 request locates al CSI
funding within the State Department.
g. The National Endowment for Democracy was funded under the Democracy Fund in the Foreign Operations portion of the bill in FY2008.
h. Includes the International Boundary and Water Commission; American Section, International Commissions; International Fisheries Commission; Commission for
the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad; Commission on International Religious Freedom; Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe;
Congressional-Executive Commission on the People’s Republic of China; and the United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission.

CRS-27

State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

Appendix D. Foreign Operations Appropriations
Table D-1. Foreign Operations Appropriations, FY2008-FY2010
(millions of current U.S. $)
FY2010
req.
compared FY2010
FY2010
to
House-
Senate
FY2008
FY2009
FY2009
FY2009
FY2009
FY2009
FY2010
FY2009
passed
Cmte

Totala
Baseb
Bridgec
Stim.d
Supp.e
Total
Req.
Total H.R. 3081 S. 1434
Title II. USAID Admin., Subtotal
930.1
916.4
94.0
0.0
209.6
1,220.0
1,698.3
+35%
1,650.3
1,648.3
USAID Operating Expenses
801.2
808.6
93.0
0.0
157.6
1,059.2
1,438.8
+36%
1,388.8
1,388.8
Civilian Stabilization Initiative
0.0
30.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
30.0h


30.0

USAID Capital Investment Fund
87.2
35.8
0.0
0.0
48.5
84.3
213.0
+74%
185.0
213.0
USAID Inspector General
41.7
42.0
1.0
0.0
3.5
46.5
46.5
0%
46.5
46.5
Title III. Bilateral Economic Assistance,
Subtotal 19,414.6 17,162.5
2,153.3
0.0
4,645.1
23,960.9 24,871.3
4% 24,353.6 24,109.0
Global Health and Child Survival, State + USAID
6,498.0
7,114.0
75.0
0.0
150.0
7,339.0
7,595.0
+3%
7,794.0
7,773.0
GHCS (State Dept.)
[4,661.9]
[5,159.0]
0.0
0.0
0.0 [5,159.0]
[5,259.0]
+2%
[5,409.0]

GHCS (USAID)
[1,836.1]
[1,955.0]
[75.0]
0.0
[150] [2,180.0]
[2,336.0]
+7%
[2,385.0]

Development Assistance
1,623.6
1,800.0
200.0
0.0
0.0
2,000.0
2,733.8
+37%
2,490.0
2,567.0
International Disaster & Famine Assistance
669.7
350.0
200.0
0.0
270.0
820.0
880.0
+7%
830.0
855.0
Transition Initiatives
44.6
50.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
50.0
126.0
+152%
100.0
65.0
Emergency Crises Fund
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0%
0.0
100.0
Development Credit Authority – Admin
8.1
8.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.0
8.6
+8%
8.6
8.6
Development Credit Authority Subsidy
[21.0]
[25.0]
0.0
0.0
0.0
[25.0]
[25.0]
0%
[25.0]
[25.0]
Economic Support Fund
5,229.3
3,018.5
1,124.8
0.0
2,973.6
7,116.9
6,504.1
-9%
6,370.1
6,370.0
Assistance for Europe; Eurasia & Central Asia
(AEECA) 690.1i
650.0
0.0
0.0
272.0 922.0
762.3
-17%
722.3
745.0
Fund for Ireland
14.9
15.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.0


18.0

CRS-28

State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

FY2010
req.
compared FY2010
FY2010
to
House-
Senate
FY2008
FY2009
FY2009
FY2009
FY2009
FY2009
FY2010
FY2009
passed
Cmte

Totala
Baseb
Bridgec
Stim.d
Supp.e
Total
Req.
Total H.R. 3081 S. 1434
Democracy Fund
242.9
116.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
116.0


130.0
120.0
International Narcotics Control & Law Enforcement
946.7
875.0
199.0
0.0
487.5
1,561.5
1,947.5
+25%
1,630.0
1,525.0
Andean Counterdrug Program
308.1
315.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
315.0
j—



Migration & Refugee Assistance
1,338.2
931.0
350.0
0.0
390.0
1,671.0
1,480.4
-11%
1,480.4
1,677.8
Emergency Refugee and Migration
75.6
40.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
40.0
75.0
+88%
75.0
75.0
Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining
496.8
525.0
4.5
0.0
102.0
631.5
765.4
+21%
717.4
761.2
Independent Agencies, Subtotal
1,925.8
1,270.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,270.0
1,851.2
+46%
1,902.8
1,376.4
Inter-American Foundation
20.8
22.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
22.5
22.8
+1%
22.8
23.0
African Development Foundation
29.8
32.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
32.5
30.0
-8%
30.0
30.0
Peace Corps
330.8
340.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
340.0
373.4
+10%
450.0
373.4
Millennium Challenge Corporation
1,486.4
875.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 875.0
1,425.0
+63%
1,400.0
950.0
Department of Treasury, Subtotal
50.3
85.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
85.0
142.1
+67
85.0
90.0
Treasury Department Technical Assistance
20.2
25.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
25.0
31.4
+26%
25.0
30.0
Debt Restructuring
30.1
60.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
60.0
110.6
+84%
60.0
60.0
Title IV. Military/Security Assistance, Subtotal
5,065.1
4,976.2
397.5
0.0
2,181.0 7,554.7
5,681.1
-25%
4,701.8
4,425.7
International Military Education & Training 85.2
91.0
0.0
0.0
2.0 93.0
110.3
+19%
110.3
105.2
Foreign Military Financing
4,718.5
4,635.0
302.5
0.0
1,294.0 6,231.5
5,274.4
-15%
4,260.0
3,989.0
Peacekeeping Operations
261.4
250.2
95.0
0.0
185.0 530.2
296.4
-44%
331.5
331.5
Pakistan Counterinsurgency Fund

0.0
0.0
0.0
700.0
700.0




Title V. Multilateral Assistance, Subtotal
1,587.2
1,845.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,845.5
2,697.9
+46%
2,351.5
2,609.4
World Bank: Global Environment Facility
81.1
80.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
80.0
86.5
+8%
86.5
86.5
International Clean Technology Fund

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

500.0

225.0
400.0
Strategic Climate Fund

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

100.0

75.0
75.0
CRS-29

State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

FY2010
req.
compared FY2010
FY2010
to
House-
Senate
FY2008
FY2009
FY2009
FY2009
FY2009
FY2009
FY2010
FY2009
passed
Cmte

Totala
Baseb
Bridgec
Stim.d
Supp.e
Total
Req.
Total H.R. 3081 S. 1434
World Bank: Int’l. Development Association
942.3
1,115.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 1,115.0
1,320.0
+18%
1,235.0
1,320.0
IADB: Enterprise for Americas MIF
24.8
25.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
25.0
25.0
0%
25.0
25.0
IADB: Inter-American Investment Corporation

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

4.7

4.7
4.7
Asian Development Fund
74.5
105.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
105.0
115.3
+10%
115.3
115.3
African Development Bank
2.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0





African Development Fund
134.6
150.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
150.0
159.9
+7%
159.9
159.9
European Bank for Reconstruction & Development
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0





International Fund for Agricultural Development
17.9
18.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
18.0
30.0
+67%
30.0
30.0
International Organizations & Programs
310.0
352.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
352.5
356.6
+1%
395.1
393.0
Title VI. Export Aid, Subtotal
-103.5
-159.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
-159.2
-100.9
+14%
-100.9
-100.9
Export-Import Bank (net)f 1.0
-40.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-40.0
0.4
-85%
0.4
0.4
Overseas Private Investment Corporation (net)g -164.5
-170.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-170.0
-156.5
+8%
-156.5
-156.5
Trade & Development Agency
70.0
50.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
50.8
55.2
+9%
55.2
55.2


Foreign Operations, Total
26,893.5 24,741.4
2,644.8
0.0
7,035.7 34,421.9 34,847.7
+1% 32,956.3 32,691.5
State/Broadcasting/Related Agencies, Total
13,573.1 12,048.8
1,034.7
602.0
2,664.5 16,350.0 17,355.5
+6% 16,046.0 16,150.6
State-Foreign Operations, Total
40,466.6 36,790.2
3,679.5
602.0
9,700.2 50,771.9 52,203.2
+3% 49,002.3 48,842.1
Source: U.S. Department of State budget documents; House and Senate Appropriations Committees; and CRS calculations.
a. FY2008 totals include regular and supplemental appropriations.
b. P.L. 111-8.
c. P.L. 110-252.
d. P.L. 111-5.
e. P.L. 111-32.
CRS-30

State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

f.
Appropriated funds are for expenses of the Inspector General. Administration expenses and loan program funds are covered by Bank receipts.
g. These figures represent anticipated OPIC receipts, minus amounts requested for administrative expenses and credit funding.
h. An additional $45 million was appropriated for the Civilian Stabilization Initiative in FY2009 through the State Department. The Administration’s FY2010 request
locates al CSI funding under the State Department.
i.
In FY2008, these funds were under the Eastern Europe & Baltic States (SEED) account ($293,553), and the Independent State of the Former Soviet Union (FSA)
account ($396,497), which were combined in 2009 to create the AEECA account.
j.
No funding was requested specifical y for the Andean Counterdrug Initiative for FY2010, however, the Administration explained that the requested increase for the
International Narcotics and Law Enforcement account primarily would be used for counternarcotics activities in the Andean region.


CRS-31

State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

Appendix E. International Affairs (150) Budget Account
Table E-1. International Affairs (150) Budget Account, FY2008-FY2010
(in thousands of current U.S. $)
FY2010
req. as %
+/-
FY2010
Approps. Bill
FY2008
FY2009
FY2009
FY2009
FY2009
FY2009
FY2010
FY2009
FY2010
Senate
Account
Totala
Baseb
Bridgec
Stim.d
Supp.e
Total
Req.
est.
House
Cmte
State-Foreign
Operations,
excluding
commissionsf
40,261.8 36,660.0 3,679.5
382.0 9,700.2 50,421.7 52,057.7
3% 48,851.8 48,691.2

Commerce-
Justice-Science










Foreign Claim
Settlement

Commission
1.6 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 2.1 16% 2.1 2.1
Int’l Trade

Commission
68.4 75.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.1
82.7 10% 82.7 82.7

Agriculture










P.L. 480 &

McGovern-Dole
2,160.2 1,325.9 395.0
0.0 700.0 2,420.9 1,889.5 -22% 1,889.5
1,889.5
Total
International

Affairs
(150)
42,492.0 38,062.8 4,074.5
382.0 10,400.2 52,919.5 54,032.0
2% 50,826.1 50,665.5
Source: U.S. Department of State budget documents; House and Senate Appropriations Committees; and CRS calculations.
a. FY2008 totals include regular and supplemental appropriations.
b. P.L. 111-8.
c. P.L. 110-252.
d. P.L. 111-5
e. P.L. 111-32.
f.
While funding for international commissions are appropriated in State-Foreign Operations bill, they are not part of the International Affairs Function 150 Account.

CRS-32

State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations


Author Contact Information

Susan B. Epstein
Marian Leonardo Lawson
Specialist in Foreign Policy
Analyst in Foreign Assistance
sepstein@crs.loc.gov, 7-6678
mlawson@crs.loc.gov, 7-4475
Kennon H. Nakamura

Analyst in Foreign Affairs
knakamura@crs.loc.gov, 7-9514

Key Policy Staff

Area of Expertise
Name
Phone E-mail
General: Foreign Operations Policy Issues/Budget
Susan Epstein
7-6678 sepstein@crs.loc.gov
Marian Lawson
7-4475 mlawson@crs.loc.gov
Curt Tarnoff
7-7656 ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov
General: State Dept & Foreign Service Issues/Budget
Ken Nakamura
7-9514 knakamura@crs.loc.gov
Afghanistan Assistance
Rhoda
7-0425 rmargesson@crs.loc.gov
Margesson
Curt Tarnoff
7-7656 ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov
Africa Assistance
Ted Dagne
7-7646 tdagne@crs.loc.gov
Agency for International Development
Susan Epstein
7-6678 sepstein@crs.loc.gov
Marian Lawson
7-4475 mlawson@crs.loc.gov
Curt Tarnoff
7-7656 ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov
Asia Assistance
Thomas Lum
7-7616 tlum@crs.loc.gov
Broadcasting, International
Ken Nakamura
7-9514 knakamura@crs.loc.gov
Central Asia Assistance
Jim Nichol
7-2289 jnichol@crs.loc.gov
Civilian Stabilization/Civilian Response Corps
Nina Serafino
7-7667 nserafino@crs.loc.gov
Debt Relief
Marty Weiss
7-5407 mweiss@crs.loc.gov
Development Assistance (bilateral)
Susan Epstein
7-6678 sepstein@crs.loc.gov
Curt Tarnoff
7-7656 ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov
Marian Lawson
7-4475 mlawson@crs.loc.gov
Disaster/Humanitarian Aid/Refugees
Rhoda
7-0425 rmargesson@crs.loc.gov
Margesson
DOD and Foreign Assistance
Nina Serafino
7-7667 nserafino@crs.loc.gov
Export-Import Bank
James Jackson
7-7751 j ackson@crs.loc.gov
Family Planning Programs
Luisa
7-0856 lblanchfield@crs.loc.gov
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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations

Area of Expertise
Name
Phone E-mail
Blanchfield
Health Programs, including HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Tuberculosis,
Tiaji Salaam
7-7677 tsalaam@crs.loc.gov
Child and Maternal
Kellie Moss
7-7314 kmoss@crs.loc.gov
Human Rights
Ken Nakamura
7-9514 knakamura@crs.loc.gov
International Affairs Budget
Susan Epstein
7-6678 sepstein@crs.loc.gov
International Crime & Narcotics
Liana Wyler
7-6177 lwyler@crs.loc.gov
International Organizations/UN Funding
Ken Nakamura
7-9514 knakamura@crs.loc.gov
Marjorie
7-7695 mbrowne@crs.loc.gov
Browne
Iraq Reconstruction
Curt Tarnoff
7-7656 ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov
Latin America Assistance
Mark Sullivan 7-7689
msullivan@crs.loc.gov
Microenterprise Curt
Tarnoff
7-7656
ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov
Middle East Assistance
Jeremy Sharp
7-8687 jsharp@crs.loc.gov
Military Assistance
Richard
7-7675 rgrimmett@crs.loc.gov
Grimmett
Millennium Challenge Corporation
Curt Tarnoff
7-7656 ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov
Multilateral Development Banks
Jonathan
7-7682 jsanford@crs.loc.gov
Sanford
Marty Weiss
7-5407 mweiss@crs.loc.gov
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
James Jackson
7-7751 j ackson@crs.loc.gov
Peace Corps
Curt Tarnoff
7-7656 ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov
Peacekeeping
Marjorie
7-7695 mbrowne@crs.loc.gov
Browne
Nina Serafino
7-7667 nserafino@crs.loc.gov
Public Diplomacy
Ken Nakamura
7-9514 knakamura@crs.loc.gov
Matthew Weed 7-4589 mweed@crs.loc.gov
Refugee Aid
Rhoda
7-0452 rmargesson@crs.loc.gov
Margesson
Russia/East Europe Assistance
Curt Tarnoff
7-7656 ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov
Terrorism John
Rollins
7-5529
jrollins@crs.loc.gov
U.N. Population Fund (UNFPA)
Luisa
7-0856 lblanchfield@crs.loc.gov
Blanchfield
U.S. Institute of Peace
Ken Nakamura
7-6678 knakamura@crs.loc.gov
U.N. Voluntary Contributions
Marjorie
7-7695 mbrowne@crs.loc.gov
Browne



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