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This report tracks FY2009 appropriations for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human
Services, Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED). This legislation provides discretionary
funds for three major federal departments and 13 related agencies. The report, which will be
updated, summarizes L-HHS-ED discretionary funding issues but not authorization or entitlement
issues.
President George W. Bush’s FY2009 budget request to Congress included $146.5 billion in
discretionary L-HHS-ED funds. The FY2008 amount was $148.4 billion, enacted through the
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (P.L. 110-161, December 26, 2007). The Senate
Appropriations Committee reported its FY2009 L-HHS-ED bill (S. 3230, S.Rept. 110-410),
including $155.7 billion in discretionary funds. The House Appropriations Committee did not
report an FY2009 L-HHS-ED bill; a draft bill marked up by the subcommittee recommended
$157.6 billion. FY2009 continuing appropriations for L-HHS-ED, available through March 6,
2009, total about $161.6 billion on an annualized basis, including emergency funding.
Department of Labor (DOL). DOL discretionary appropriations were $11.7 billion for FY2008.
The President requested $10.5 billion for FY2009, a decrease of 9.8%. The request proposed
reducing Workforce Investment Act (WIA) programs by $553 million, while the House
subcommittee recommended an increase of $140 million, and the Senate committee
recommended an increase of $82 million.
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). HHS discretionary appropriations were
$65.5 billion in FY2008; $63.8 billion was requested for FY2009. The House subcommittee and
the Senate committee recommended $69.0 billion and $68.2 billion, respectively. The request
proposed increased funding for the Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund,
Medicare/Medicaid management activities, and Head Start, with decreases for Rural Health
Programs, Mental Health, and the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program. Several
programs were proposed for elimination. The bills increased most of those programs.
Department of Education (ED). ED discretionary appropriations were $59.2 billion in FY2008;
$60.1 billion was requested for FY2009. The draft House bill and the Senate-reported bill
increased discretionary appropriations to $63.6 billion and $62.5 billion, respectively. Elementary
and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) programs were increased by $127 million in the request,
and by $507 million in the House draft bill and $131 million in the Senate-reported bill. The
request eliminated funding for Educational Technology State Grants, Perkins Career and
Technical Education, and Federal Supplemental Opportunity Grants; both the House draft bill and
Senate-reported bill continued to fund these programs.
Related Agencies. Discretionary appropriations for L-HHS-ED Related Agencies were $12.0
billion for FY2008. The Administration requested $12.1 billion for FY2009. The House
subcommittee recommended $12.7 billion, and the Senate committee recommended $12.6 billion.

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Most Recent Developments............................................................................................................. 1
Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act,
2009 Enacted (P.L. 110-329, H.R. 2638. ......................................................................... 1
Senate Bill S. 3230 Reported .............................................................................................. 1
House Full Committee Markup .......................................................................................... 1
House Subcommittee Markup............................................................................................. 1
President’s Budget Submitted ............................................................................................. 2
Note on Most Recent Data.................................................................................................. 2
Overview and Key Issues ................................................................................................................ 3
Discretionary and Mandatory Funding: Program Level Appropriations and Current
Year Appropriations ............................................................................................................... 3
Discretionary Funding Trends, FY2002-FY2008 ..................................................................... 5
Discretionary Appropriations by Bill Title, FY2008-FY2009 .................................................. 6
Major Discretionary Programs, FY2008-FY2009..................................................................... 7
FY2009 Appropriations: President’s Request ........................................................................... 8
FY2009 Appropriations: Draft House Bill ................................................................................ 9
FY2009 Appropriations: Senate Bill ........................................................................................11
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2009.......................................................................... 12
302(a) and 302(b) Allocation Ceilings .................................................................................... 13
Advance Appropriations.......................................................................................................... 14
Department of Labor ..................................................................................................................... 15
Key Issues ............................................................................................................................... 15
President’s Request ........................................................................................................... 15
Draft House Bill................................................................................................................ 16
Senate Bill......................................................................................................................... 17
CRS Products .......................................................................................................................... 17
Websites .................................................................................................................................. 17
Detailed Appropriations Table................................................................................................. 18
Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................................. 20
Key Issues ............................................................................................................................... 21
President’s Request ........................................................................................................... 21
House Draft Bill................................................................................................................ 22
Senate Bill......................................................................................................................... 22
Abortion: Funding Restrictions......................................................................................... 23
CRS Products .......................................................................................................................... 24
Websites .................................................................................................................................. 25
Detailed Appropriations Table................................................................................................. 25
Department of Education............................................................................................................... 28
Key Issues ............................................................................................................................... 29
President’s Request ........................................................................................................... 29
Draft House Bill................................................................................................................ 31
Senate Bill......................................................................................................................... 32
ESEA Funding Shortfall?.................................................................................................. 32
IDEA Funding Shortfall? .................................................................................................. 33
Forward Funding and Advance Appropriations ................................................................ 34
CRS Products .......................................................................................................................... 35
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Websites .................................................................................................................................. 35
Detailed Appropriations Table................................................................................................. 35
Related Agencies ........................................................................................................................... 39
Key Issues ............................................................................................................................... 39
President’s Request ........................................................................................................... 39
House Draft Bill................................................................................................................ 40
Senate Bill......................................................................................................................... 40
CRS Products .......................................................................................................................... 40
Websites .................................................................................................................................. 41
Detailed Appropriations Table................................................................................................. 42
Websites .................................................................................................................................. 46

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Table 1. Legislative Status of L-HHS-ED Appropriations, FY2009 ............................................... 2
Table 2. L-HHS-ED Appropriations Summary, FY2008-FY2009 .................................................. 4
Table 3. Discretionary Funding Trends, FY2002-FY2008.............................................................. 5
Table 4. L-HHS-ED Discretionary Funding by Bill Title, FY2008-FY2009 .................................. 6
Table 5. Major Discretionary Programs, FY2008-FY2009 ............................................................. 7
Table 6. FY2009 302(b) Discretionary Allocations for L-HHS-ED.............................................. 13
Table 7. Department of Labor Discretionary Appropriations........................................................ 15
Table 8. Detailed Department of Labor Appropriations ................................................................ 18
Table 9. Department of Health and Human Services Discretionary Appropriations..................... 20
Table 10. Detailed Department of Health and Human Services Appropriations ........................... 25
Table 11. Department of Education Discretionary Appropriations ............................................... 29
Table 12. Detailed Department of Education Appropriations ....................................................... 36
Table 13. Related Agencies Discretionary Appropriations............................................................ 39
Table 14. Detailed Related Agencies Appropriations .................................................................... 42

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Appendix. Terminology and Web Resources................................................................................. 45

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Author Contact Information .......................................................................................................... 47
Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................... 47
CRS Key Policy Staff for L-HHS-ED Appropriations ................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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On September 30, 2008, President George W. Bush signed H.R. 2638 into law. The act, referred
to in short form as the Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY2009, included three of the 12
regular appropriations acts for FY2009, continuing appropriations for the remaining nine regular
appropriations acts for FY2009 (through March 6, 2009), and supplemental appropriations for
disaster relief and recovery. For further details on the contents of and proceedings relative to H.R.
2638, see CRS Report RL34711, Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY2009 (P.L. 110-329): An
Overview, by Robert Keith.
Interim FY2009 appropriations for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and
Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED) were provided by Division A of P.L. 110-329,
referred to as the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2009 (FY2009 CR). Most programs
were funded, through March 6, 2009, at the rate of operations they had for FY2008, not counting
emergency funding. The CR provides estimated discretionary L-HHS-ED funding (on an
annualized basis) of $161.6 billion, including $150.2 billion in non-emergency funding and $11.4
billion in emergency funding.1 Those amounts may differ from the final totals for FY2009
depending on how the 111th Congress addresses funding for the nine regular appropriations acts
for the remainder of the fiscal year.
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On July 8, 2008, the Senate Committee on Appropriations reported S. 3230 (S.Rept. 110-410), its
proposal for FY2009 L-HHS-ED appropriations. The bill recommended $155.7 billion in
discretionary funds for L-HHS-ED.
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The House Committee on Appropriations convened a markup session on its draft bill on June 26,
2008, but adjourned before final action.
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On June 19, 2008, the House L-HHS-ED Appropriations Subcommittee marked up its draft bill
and approved it for consideration by the full committee. The subcommittee recommended $157.6
billion in discretionary funds for L-HHS-ED.

1 Based on information provided by the Congressional Budget Office (see discussion and table in CRS Report
RL34711, Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY2009 (P.L. 110-329): An Overview, by Robert Keith.
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On February 4, 2008, President George W. Bush submitted the FY2009 budget to Congress; the
request was for $146.5 billion in discretionary funds for L-HHS-ED programs. Subsequent
amendments to the request are not reflected in this report.
Table 1 summarizes the legislative status of FY2009 L-HHS-ED appropriations.
Table 1. Legislative Status of L-HHS-ED Appropriations, FY2009
Subcommittee
Conference Report
Markup
Approval
House Senate
House
House
Senate
Senate Conf.
Public
Committee Passage
Committee
Passage Report House Senate
Passage Passage Law
9/30/08d
7/8/08
FY2009
c
CR,P.L.
6/19/08a 6/24/08b

S. 3230, S.Rept.

110-410
110-329,
Div. A

a. The House Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies
Appropriations began FY2009 hearings on Feb. 13, 2008. The Subcommittee marked up its version of the
FY2009 L-HHS-ED appropriations on June 19, 2008, approving it by a voice vote.
b. The Senate Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies
Appropriations began FY2009 hearings on May 7, 2008. The Subcommittee marked up its version of the
FY2009 L-HHS-ED bill on June 24, 2008, and approved it by voice vote.
c. S. 3230: The Senate Committee on Appropriations approved the draft L-HHS-ED bill, amended, on June 26,
2008, by a vote of 26 to 3, and ordered the bill reported. Subsequently, S. 3230 (S.Rept. 110-410) was
introduced and reported on July 8, 2008.
d. P.L. 110-329: The FY2009 Continuing Appropriations Resolution, Division A of P.L. 110-329 (H.R. 2638), is
providing temporary FY2009 funding for most L-HHS-ED activities for the period October 1, 2008, through
March 6, 2009, unless regular L-HHS-ED appropriations are enacted sooner.
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In this report, unless stated otherwise, data on FY2008 appropriations and FY2009 appropriations
proposals are based on tables from the House Committee on Appropriations (June 23, 2008) and
Senate Committee on Appropriations (July 1, 2008). In most cases, data represent net funding for
specific programs and activities, and take into account current and forward funding and advance
appropriations; however, all data are subject to additional budgetary scorekeeping. Except where
noted, data refer only to those programs within the purview of L-HHS-ED appropriations, and not
to all programs within the jurisdiction of the relevant departments and agencies. Funding from
other appropriations bills, and entitlements funded outside of the annual appropriations process,
are excluded.
The FY2008 data reflect the funding provided under the terms of the Consolidated Appropriations
Act, 2008 (P.L. 110-161, H.R. 2764, which was signed into law on December 26, 2007. Division
G of the act provided funding for L-HHS-ED programs. A series of four continuing resolutions
(CRs), beginning with P.L. 110-92, had provided temporary L-HHS-ED funding from October 1,
2007, through December 26, 2007. Later, Congress passed the Supplemental Appropriations Act,
2008, P.L. 110-252, signed into law on June 30, 2008. The law had a few provisions that affected
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FY2008 funding levels for some L-HHS-ED agencies. FY2008 figures in this report do not
include supplemental appropriations.
For additional information, please see CRS Report RL30343, Continuing Resolutions: Latest
Action and Brief Overview of Recent Practices, by Sandy Streeter, and CRS Report RL34451,
FY2008 Spring Supplemental Appropriations and FY2009 Bridge Appropriations for Military
Operations, International Affairs, and Other Purposes (P.L. 110-252), by Stephen Daggett et al.
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This report describes President Bush’s proposal for FY2009 appropriations for L-HHS-ED
programs, as submitted to Congress on February 4, 2008, and the congressional response to that
proposal. It compares the President’s FY2009 request to the FY2008 L-HHS-ED amounts. It
tracks legislative action and congressional issues related to the L-HHS-ED appropriations bill,
with particular attention paid to discretionary programs. However, the report does not follow
specific funding issues related to mandatory L-HHS-ED programs—such as Medicare or Social
Security—nor does it follow any authorizing legislation related to the President’s budget
initiatives. For a glossary of budget terms and relevant websites, see Appendix, “Terminology
and Web Resources.”
The L-HHS-ED bill typically is one of the more controversial of the regular appropriations bills,
not only because of the size of its funding total and the scope of its programs, but also because of
the continuing importance of various related issues, such as restrictions on the use of federal
funds for abortion and stem cell research. This bill provides discretionary and mandatory funds to
three federal departments and 13 related agencies, including the Social Security Administration
(SSA). Discretionary funding represents only one-quarter of the total in the bill.
Among the various appropriations bills, L-HHS-ED is the largest single source of discretionary
funds for domestic (non-defense) federal programs (the Department of Defense bill is the largest
source of discretionary funds among all federal programs). This section presents several overview
tables on funding in the bill, particularly discretionary funding; summarizes major funding
changes proposed for L-HHS-ED; and discusses related issues such as 302(b) allocations and
advance appropriations. Later sections provide details on individual L-HHS-ED departments and
agencies.
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Table 2 summarizes the L-HHS-ED appropriations enacted for FY2008 and proposed for
FY2009, including both discretionary and mandatory appropriations. The table shows various
aggregate measures of L-HHS-ED appropriations, including the discretionary program level,
current year level, and advance appropriations, as well as scorekeeping adjustments.
• Program level discretionary appropriations reflect the total discretionary
appropriations in a given bill, regardless of the year in which they will be spent,
and therefore include advance funding for future years. Unless otherwise
specified, appropriations levels in this report refer to program level amounts.
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• Current year discretionary appropriations represent discretionary
appropriations in a given bill for the current year, plus discretionary
appropriations for the current year that were enacted in prior years—for example,
FY2008 appropriations that were enacted in the FY2007 act. As the annual
congressional appropriations process unfolds, current year discretionary
appropriations, including scorekeeping adjustments (see below), are measured
against the 302(b) allocation ceilings (discussed later in this report). Note that
media reports and comments from the Administration about appropriations
activities typically cite figures representing the current year discretionary totals
rather than the program levels in the bill.
• Advance appropriations are funds that will not become available until after the
fiscal year for which the appropriations are enacted (for example, funds for
certain education programs like Title I Part A Grants to Local Educational
Agencies for the Education of the Disadvantaged that were included in the
FY2007 act that could not be spent before FY2008 at the earliest, discussed later
in this report).
• Scorekeeping adjustments are made to account for special funding situations, as
monitored by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO).
Because appropriations may consist of mixtures of budget authority enacted in various years, both
of the summary measures mentioned above are frequently used: program level appropriations and
current year appropriations. How are these measures related? For an “operational definition,”
program level funding equals (a) current year, plus (b) advances for future years, minus (c)
advances from prior years, and minus (d) scorekeeping adjustments. Alternatively, current year
funding is derived by taking the program level (total in the bill), subtracting the advances for
future years, adding in the advances from prior years, and applying the scorekeeping adjustments.
Table 2 shows each of these amounts for discretionary funding, along with current year funding
and program level funding for mandatory programs, and the grand total for L-HHS-ED.
Table 2. L-HHS-ED Appropriations Summary, FY2008-FY2009
($ in billions)
FY2009
FY2009
FY2008
FY2009
House
Senate
FY2009
Type of Budget Authority Comparable
Request Subcom.
Comm.
Enacted
Discretionary Appropriations
Program level: current bill for
any year
148.4
146.5
157.6
155.7

Current year: current year
from any bill (after
144.9
145.3
153.1
153.1

scorekeeping)
Advances for future years (in
the current bill)
21.3
20.9
24.8
23.0

Advances from prior years
(from previous bills)
19.2
21.3
21.3
21.3

Scorekeeping adjustments
-1.4
-1.5
-0.9
-0.8

Current Year Discretionary and Mandatory Funding
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FY2009
FY2009
FY2008
FY2009
House
Senate
FY2009
Type of Budget Authority Comparable
Request Subcom.
Comm.
Enacted
Discretionary (compare to
302(b) cap)
144.9
145.3
153.1
153.1

Mandatory
455.4
473.3
473.4
473.3

Total, current year
600.3
618.7
626.5
626.5

Program Level Totals of Funding for L-HHS-ED Bill, Any Year
Discretionary program level
148.4
146.5
157.6
155.7

Mandatory program level
455.4
478.4
478.4
478.4

Grand total, any year
603.7
624.8
636.0
634.1

Source: Amounts for FY2008 comparable, FY2009 request, and FY2009 Senate Appropriations Committee
recommendations are based on the Senate committee table dated July 1, 2008. Amounts recommended by the
House L-HHS-ED Appropriations Subcommittee are based on its table dated June 23, 2008. FY2008 amounts do
not include FY2008 supplemental appropriations. Appropriations are given only for programs included in the
annual L-HHS-ED bill.
Note: Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Both FY2008 and FY2009 mandatory amounts are
estimates that are subject to adjustments after the close of their respective fiscal years. All amounts in the table
are subject to change through the enactment of further supplementals and rescissions.
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The L-HHS-ED appropriations bills include both mandatory and discretionary funds; however,
the Appropriations Committees fully control only the discretionary funds. Mandatory funding
levels for programs included in the annual appropriations bills are modified through changes in
the authorizing legislation. Typically, these changes are accomplished through authorizing
committees by means of reconciliation legislation, and not through appropriations committees in
annual appropriations bills.
Table 3 shows the trend in discretionary budget authority enacted in the L-HHS-ED
appropriations for FY2002 through FY2008. During the past seven years, L-HHS-ED
discretionary funds have grown from $127.2 billion in FY2002 to $148.4 billion in FY2008, an
increase of $21.2 billion, or 16.7%. Adjusted for inflation during this same period, using the
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) deflator, L-HHS-ED discretionary funds in estimated FY2008
dollars dropped from $148.6 billion in FY2002 to $148.4 billion in FY2008, a decrease of $0.2
billion, or 0.1%.
Table 3. Discretionary Funding Trends, FY2002-FY2008
(budget authority in billions of dollars)
Type
of
Funds
FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008
L-HHS-ED
discretionary
127.2 132.4 139.7 143.4 141.5 144.7
148.4
L-HHS-ED discretionary in
estimated FY2008 dollars

148.6 151.6 155.9 155.1 148.1 147.5 148.4
GDP deflator (FY2000 = 1.0)
1.0432
1.0643
1.0920 1.1270
1.1643
1.1955
1.2186
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Sources: The GDP deflator is based on the Budget of the United States Government, Historical Tables, Fiscal Year
2009, Table 10.1. L-HHS-ED totals for FY2002-FY2005 discretionary budget authority are based on annual
conference reports for L-HHS-ED appropriations and, therefore, may not be completely comparable from year
to year. FY2006 L-HHS-ED discretionary total is based on the April 17, 2007, table of the House Committee on
Appropriations; FY2007 total is based on the December 17, 2007, committee table; FY2008 total is based on the
July 1, 2008, table of the Senate Committee on Appropriations, but does not include FY2008 supplemental
appropriations.
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The annual L-HHS-ED appropriations act typically includes five titles. The first three provide
appropriations and program direction for the Department of Labor (Title I), the Department of
Health and Human Services (Title II), and the Department of Education (Title III). Each of the
three titles includes some sections of “General Provisions” for the department; they provide
specific program directions, modifications, or restrictions that the appropriators wish to convey in
bill language, not just in report language. Title IV covers funding for 13 related agencies, the
largest of which is the Social Security Administration. Title V contains general provisions with
broader application than those in the department titles. Occasionally, one or more additional titles
are added to the act, which may be legislative (authorizing) language rather than appropriations
provisions. The FY2008 L-HHS-ED appropriations act (Division G of P.L. 110-161) included a
Title VI that provided for establishment of a National Commission on Children and Disasters.
Table 4 summarizes by title the program level discretionary spending that was provided for
FY2008 and proposed for FY2009 L-HHS-ED appropriations and compares the program level
totals with the current year discretionary totals.
Table 4. L-HHS-ED Discretionary Funding by Bill Title,
FY2008-FY2009
($ in millions)
FY2009
FY2009
FY2008
FY2009
House
Senate
FY2009
Comparable
Request
Subcom.
Comm.
Enacted
Discretionary Appropriations, Program Level (total in bill for any year)
Title I, Department of
Labor
11,693
10,542
12,220
12,354

Title II, Department of
Health and Human
65,531
63,823
69,016
68,249

Services
Title III, Department of
Education
59,181
60,053
63,616
62,499

Title IV, Related Agencies
11,957
12,066
12,701
12,648

Total discretionary,
program level
148,363
146,484
157,552
155,749

Total Discretionary, Current Year from Any Bill (after scorekeeping adjustments)
Total, current year
144,914
145,349
153,121
153,128

Source: Amounts for FY2008 comparable, FY2009 request, and FY2009 Senate Appropriations Committee
recommendations are based on the Senate committee table dated July 1, 2008. Amounts recommended by the
House L-HHS-ED Appropriations Subcommittee are based on its table dated June 23, 2008. FY2008 amounts do
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not include FY2008 supplemental appropriations. Appropriations are given only for programs included in the
annual L-HHS-ED bill. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
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Among the discretionary programs funded in the bill, which are the largest? Table 5 shows the L-
HHS-ED discretionary programs with the highest funding levels; in both FY2008 and proposals
for FY2009, eight programs accounted for at least 62% of all L-HHS-ED discretionary
appropriations. Each of the programs shown in Table 5 received or is proposed for more than
$3.0 billion each year. The aggregate funding for this group was $93.3 billion in FY2008, $97.1
billion under President Bush’s FY2009 request, $99.9 billion in the draft House bill, and $99.1
billion in the Senate committee recommendation. As shown in the previous tables, L-HHS-ED
discretionary funding totaled $148.4 billion in FY2008, $146.5 billion in the FY2009 request,
$157.6 billion in the draft House bill, and $155.7 billion in the Senate committee bill.
Table 5. Major Discretionary Programs, FY2008-FY2009
($ in millions)
FY2009
Major Program
FY2008
FY2009 FY2009 House
Senate
FY2009
Comparable
Request
Subcom.
Comm.
Enacted
National Institutes of
Health (NIH)
29,230
29,230
30,380
30,255

Pell Grants
14,215
16,941
17,335
16,890

Title I Part A Education
for the Disadvantaged,
13,899
14,305
14,455
14,530

Grants to LEAs
IDEA Special Education,
Part B Grants to States
10,948
11,285
11,552
11,425

SSA Total
Administrative
9,745
10,327
10,427
10,377

Expenses
Head Start
6,878
7,027
7,120
7,105

WIA, all programs
5,186
4,633
5,326
5,269

CMS Program
Management
3,152
3,307
3,261
3,271

Major L-HHS-ED
subtotal
93,252
97,054
99,855
99,120

Other L-HHS-ED
discretionary
55,111
49,430
57,697
56,629

L-HHS-ED
discretionary total
148,363
146,484
157,552
155,749

Major programs as a %
of total
62.9% 66.3% 63.4% 63.6%

Source: Amounts for FY2008 comparable, FY2009 request, and FY2009 Senate Appropriations Committee
recommendations are based on the Senate committee table dated July 1, 2008. Amounts recommended by the
House L-HHS-ED Appropriations Subcommittee are based on its table dated June 23, 2008. FY2008 amounts in
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this table do not include FY2008 supplemental appropriations, even though the Senate committee table included
$31 million for SSA administrative expenses from the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-185).
Note: LEAs = Local Educational Agencies; IDEA = Individuals with Disabilities Education Act; WIA = Workforce
Investment Act; CMS = Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
ŘŖŖşȱǱȱȂȱȱ
On February 4, 2008, President George W. Bush submitted his FY2009 request to Congress. With
regard to the President’s budget, the primary issues raised during congressional consideration of
any appropriations request generally relate to proposed funding changes, as well as to the overall
level of support for programs. The following summary highlights changes of at least $100 million
proposed in FY2009 discretionary budget authority in comparison with the FY2008 amount.
Viewing this list by itself should be done with caution, since the relative impact of a $100 million
funding change to a $500 million program (a 20% increase or decrease) is greater than a $100
million change to a $5 billion program (a 2% increase or decrease). Later in this report, the
discussion of budgets for individual departments includes tables to compare the FY2009 request
with the FY2008 funding for many of the major programs in the L-HHS-ED bill.
ȱ ȱ
Overall, $146.5 billion in discretionary appropriations were requested for L-HHS-ED for
FY2009, $1.9 billion (1.3%) less than the FY2008 amount of $148.4 billion.
• For the Department of Labor (DOL), the Bush Administration’s FY2009 request
included a decrease of $553 million for WIA programs, from $5.2 billion for
FY2008 to $4.6 billion for FY2009. The proposed reduction included $241
million less for Dislocated Worker Assistance programs (funded at $1.5 billion in
FY2008) and $150 million less for Adult Training grants to states (down from
$862 million for FY2008). The proposal decreased funding for the Community
Service Employment for Older Americans program by $172 million (from $522
million for FY2008). It eliminated $703 million in funding for Employment
Service grants to states, leaving $20 million in funding for other Employment
Service activities. The request increased funding for state Unemployment
Compensation operations by $172 million (to $2.6 billion for FY2009). Overall,
the President requested $10.5 billion in discretionary appropriations for DOL for
FY2009, a 9.8% reduction from FY2008 funding of $11.7 billion.
• For the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the FY2009 request
proposed an increase of $667 million for the Public Health and Social Services
Emergency Fund (PHSSEF), covering homeland security activities and Pandemic
Influenza Preparedness. Health programs proposed for elimination included
Health Professions programs other than those for nursing (funded at $194 million
in FY2008), Children’s Hospitals Graduate Medical Education (CHGME, $302
million in FY2008), and Health Care-Related Facilities and Activities ($304
million in FY2008). Decreases were proposed of $112 million for Rural Health
Programs and $126 million for Mental Health. A $198 million initiative for Fraud
and Abuse Control at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)
was proposed, along with a $156 million increase for CMS Program
Management. A decrease of $570 million for the Low-Income Home Energy
Assistance Program (LIHEAP) was proposed, while a $149 million increase for
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Head Start was requested. The $654 million Community Services Block Grant
(CSBG) received no funding in the request. Overall, $63.8 billion in FY2009
discretionary appropriations were requested for HHS, 2.6% less than the FY2008
amount of $65.5 billion.
• For the Department of Education (ED), the President’s FY2009 request increased
funding for the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA)
programs in the aggregate by $125 million. The proposal increased funding by
$406 million for Title I, Part A, Grants to Local Educational Agencies (LEAs) for
the Education of the Disadvantaged, and by $607 million for Reading First State
Grants. Teacher Quality State Grants were decreased by $100 million. The
request included a proposal for one new K-12 education initiative of at least $100
million—the Pell Grants for Kids program, funded at $300 million. The request
proposed the elimination of the $272 million Educational Technology State
Grants program and the $1.3 billion Perkins Career and Technical Education
program. The request proposed reducing the 21st Century Community Learning
Centers program by $281 million, the Fund for the Improvement of Education by
$201 million, and Safe and Drug-Free Schools State Grants by $195 million. The
Teacher Incentive Fund was increased by $103 million. An increase of $337
million was requested for the Special Education Part B Grants to States program
authorized by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The
request also proposed the elimination of the $757 million Supplemental
Educational Opportunity Grants. In the request, Pell Grants were increased by
$2.7 billion, Aid for Institutional Development was decreased by $139 million,
and funding for the Institute for Education Sciences was increased by $112
million. Overall, $60.1 billion in FY2009 discretionary appropriations were
requested for ED, 1.5% more than the FY2008 amount of $59.2 billion.
• For the related agencies, the Administration’s request for FY2009 increased
funding for SSA administrative expenses by $582 million, from $9.7 billion for
FY2008 to $10.3 billion for FY2009. The request eliminated the two-year
advance funding for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) and
rescinded $220 million in advance funding for FY2010 (appropriated in FY2008)
and $200 million in advance funding for FY2009 (appropriated in FY2007).
Overall, the Administration requested $12.1 billion in discretionary
appropriations for L-HHS-ED related agencies for FY2009, a 0.9% increase from
FY2008 funding of $12.0 billion.
ŘŖŖşȱǱȱȱ ȱȱ
The House Committee on Appropriations did not report an FY2009 L-HHS-ED bill. On June 19,
2008, the House L-HHS-ED Appropriations Subcommittee marked up a draft bill and approved it
for consideration by the full committee.
ȱ ȱ
Overall, the draft House bill recommended FY2009 discretionary appropriations of $157.6 billion
for L-HHS-ED programs. President Bush requested $146.5 billion; the FY2008 amount was
$148.4 billion. The House bill differed from the President’s request in a number of details.
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• For DOL, the House subcommittee recommended $5.3 billion for WIA programs,
$693 million more than the Administration’s request. The subcommittee funded
WIA Dislocated Worker Assistance programs at $1.5 billion, $281 million above
the request. The Job Corps received $153 million more than the request of $1.6
billion. The subcommittee recommended funding WIA Adult Training grants to
states at $862 million, $150 million more than the request. Community Service
Employment for Older Americans received $222 million more than the request of
$350 million. The subcommittee recommended $703 million for Employment
Service grants to states, which would have been eliminated under the
Administration’s request. Overall, the measure reported by the House
subcommittee included $12.2 billion in discretionary funds for DOL. The
Administration requested $10.5 billion, and $11.7 billion was provided for
FY2008.
• For HHS, the draft House bill recommended the following amounts of funding
for selected programs, compared to the Administration’s request: Health Centers,
$2.17 billion, $73 million more than the request; Health Professions other than
nursing, $244 million, with no funds requested; CHGME, $310 million, with no
funds requested; Ryan White HIV/AIDS programs, $2.24 billion, $99 million
more than the request; Rural Health programs, $122 million, $97 million more
than the request; Health Care-Related Facilities and Activities, $158 million, with
no funds requested; CDC Infectious Diseases program, $1.96 billion, $106
million more than requested; CDC Terrorism Preparedness and Response
program, $1.52 billion, $100 million more than requested; Preventive Health and
Health Services Block Grant (PHBG), $100 million, with no funds requested;
National Institutes of Health (NIH), $30.38 billion, $1.15 billion more than
requested; Mental Health programs in the Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration (SAMHSA), $932 million, $169 million more than
requested. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) was
recommended for a specific appropriation of $323 million, plus indirect funding
of $52 million, for a total of $375 million; the request was for indirect funding of
$326 million. LIHEAP was recommended for $2.77 billion, $770 million more
than requested; Head Start, $7.12 billion, $93 million more than requested;
CSBG, $700 million, with no funds requested; and Administration on Aging,
$1.49 billion, $79 million more than requested. The subcommittee provided less
than the request for the Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund,
recommending $1.31 billion, $89 million less than requested. Overall, the draft
House bill included $69.0 billion in discretionary funds for HHS, $5.2 billion
more than the request of $63.8 billion, and $3.5 billion more than the FY2008
amount of $65.5 billion.
• For ED, the House subcommittee recommended the following amounts for
selected programs: ESEA programs, $24.9 billion in the aggregate, $380 million
more than was requested; Title I, Part A Grants to Local Educational Agencies
(LEAs), $14.5 billion, $150 million more than was requested; School
Improvement Grants, $600 million, $109 million more than requested; Reading
First State Grants, no funding provided, while $1 billion was requested. The
House draft bill did not fund the President’s proposed Pell Grants for Kids
program. Teacher Quality State Grants were recommended for $3.0 billion, $125
million more than requested; Education Technology State Grants, $267 million,
with no funding in the request; 21st Century Community Learning Centers, $1.1
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billion, $331 million more than requested; Fund for the Improvement of
Education, $202 million, $150 million more than requested; Safe and Drug-Free
Schools State Grants, $295 million, $195 million more than requested; IDEA,
Part B, $11.6 billion, $267 million more than requested; Perkins Career and
Technical Education, $1.3 billion, with no funds requested; Pell Grants, $17.3
billion, $394 million more than requested, and with an increase in the maximum
appropriated Pell Grant award to $4,410 compared to $4,310 under the request;
Federal Supplemental Opportunity Grants, $757 million, with no funds were
requested; and Aid for Institutional Development for higher education, $510
million, $147 million more than requested. Overall, the House draft bill provided
$63.6 billion in FY2009 discretionary appropriations for ED, $3.6 billion more
than the request of $60.1 billion and $4.4 billion more than the FY2008 amount
of $59.2 billion.
• For Related Agencies, the draft House bill included $430 million in two-year
advance funding (for FY2011) for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. The
amount was $430 million above the President’s request and $10 million more
than the two-year advance provided in FY2008 (for FY2010). Unlike the
Administration’s request, the subcommittee did not reduce funding previously
advanced for fiscal years 2009 and 2010. The subcommittee’s bill increased
funding for SSA administrative expenses to $10.4 billion, $100 million more than
the Administration’s request. Overall, the draft House bill recommended $12.7
billion in discretionary funds for Related Agencies, $635 million more than
requested and $744 million more than appropriated for FY2008.
ŘŖŖşȱǱȱȱȱ
The Senate Committee on Appropriations reported its version of the FY2009 L-HHS-ED
appropriations as S. 3230 (S.Rept. 110-410) on July 8, 2008.
ȱ ȱ
Overall, the Senate bill, as reported, recommended FY2009 discretionary appropriations of
$155.7 billion for L-HHS-ED programs. The draft House bill recommended $157.6 billion; the
President requested $146.5 billion. The comparable FY2008 amount was $148.4 billion. The
Senate bill differed from the House proposal in a number of ways.
• For DOL, the bill passed by the Senate Appropriations Committee increased
funding for state Unemployment Compensation operations by $196 million
above the $2.6 billion recommended by the House subcommittee and requested
by the President. Overall, the Senate committee recommended $12.4 billion in
discretionary funds for DOL, $134 million more than included in the House draft
bill, $1.8 billion more than the request, and $661 million more than appropriated
for FY2008.
• For HHS, the Senate bill included $93 million less than the draft House bill for
Ryan White HIV/AIDS programs, $150 million more for CDC Buildings and
Facilities, $125 million less for NIH, and $200 million less for LIHEAP. AHRQ
was recommended for a specific appropriation of $91 million ($232 million less
than the House), plus indirect funding of $244 million ($192 million more than
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the House), for a total of $335 million, $40 million less than the House
subcommittee amount. Overall, the Senate-reported bill included $68.2 billion in
discretionary appropriations for HHS programs, $0.8 billion less than the House
subcommittee amount of $69.0 billion, $4.4 billion more than the requested
amount of $63.8 billion, and $2.7 billion more than HHS funding of $65.5 billion
in FY2008.
• For ED, the Senate-reported bill recommended $24.6 billion for ESEA programs
in the aggregate, $376 million less than provided by the House subcommittee.
The bill included $491 million for School Improvement Grants, $109 million less
than in the House draft bill; $11.4 billion for IDEA Part B Grants to States, $127
million less than the House amount; and $16.9 billion for Pell Grants, $445
million less than the House amount. The maximum appropriated Pell Grant
award was set at $4,310 compared with a House proposed maximum Pell Grant
award of $4,410. Overall, the Senate-reported bill included $62.5 billion in
FY2009 discretionary appropriations for ED, $1.1 billion less than the House
subcommittee amount of $63.6 billion, $2.4 billion more than the requested
amount of $60.1 billion, and $3.3 billion more than the FY2008 amount of $59.2
billion.
• For Related Agencies, the bill passed by the Senate Appropriations Committee
did not differ from the House subcommittee draft by at least $100 million for any
program. Overall, the Senate committee recommended $12.6 billion in
discretionary funds for related agencies, $53 million less than the House
subcommittee, $583 million more than requested, and $691 million more than
appropriated for FY2008.
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As mentioned earlier in the “Most Recent Developments” section, a continuing appropriations
resolution (Division A of P.L. 110-329, H.R. 2638) was enacted on September 30, 2008. It
provides temporary FY2009 funding for most ongoing L-HHS-ED activities, including the costs
of direct loans and loan guarantees. It covers the period October 1, 2008, through March 6, 2009,
unless regular appropriations are enacted before the end of that period. An FY2009 continuing
resolution was necessary because the regular L-HHS-ED appropriations were not enacted by the
start of FY2009 on October 1, 2008.
Under the FY2009 continuing resolution, the funding level for most activities was provided at a
rate of operations like that provided in FY2008 appropriations acts and under the same conditions
and authority. Only the most limited funding actions were authorized in order to provide for the
continuation of projects and activities. New initiatives were prohibited. For programs with high
spend-out rates that normally would occur early in the fiscal year, special restrictions prohibited
spending levels that would impinge on final FY2009 funding decisions. For entitlements and
other mandatory activities, spending was allowed that would maintain existing program levels
under current law, including additional funding, if needed, to continue benefits for eligible
beneficiaries. For additional information, please see CRS Report RL30343, Continuing
Resolutions: Latest Action and Brief Overview of Recent Practices, by Sandy Streeter.
• Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2009, Division A of P.L. 110-329
(H.R. 2638), provided temporary appropriations for the period October 1, 2008,
through March 6, 2009, as long as regular appropriations were not enacted
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sooner. H.R. 2638 was passed by the House on September 24 and by the Senate
on September 27, and signed into law by President George W. Bush on
September 30, 2008, as P.L. 110-329.
řŖŘǻǼȱȱřŖŘǻǼȱȱȱ
The maximum budget authority for annual L-HHS-ED appropriations is determined through a
two-stage congressional budget process. In the first stage, Congress establishes the 302(a)
allocations—the maximum spending totals for all congressional committees for a given fiscal
year. This task is sometimes accomplished through the concurrent resolution on the budget, where
spending totals are specified through the statement of managers in the conference report. In years
when the House and Senate do not reach a budget agreement, these totals may be set through
leadership arrangements in each chamber. The 302(a) allocations determine spending totals for
each of the various committees, as well as the total discretionary budget authority available for
enactment in annual appropriations through the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations.
Congress reached agreement on the FY2009 budget resolution in early June, 2008, when the
Senate (June 4) and the House (June 5) agreed to the conference report (H.Rept. 110-659)
accompanying S.Con.Res. 70. The resolution established a 302(a) discretionary budget allocation
to the Appropriations Committees of $1,011.7 billion. The resolution allowed the Budget
Committees to increase that amount if certain conditions relating to funding of specific programs
were met. On July 16, 2008, the Senate Budget Committee increased its 302(a) allocation by
$968 million to $1,012.7 billion. For the purpose of comparison, the 302(a) discretionary
allocation originally agreed to for FY2008 was $953.1 billion.
In the second stage of the annual congressional budget process, the House and Senate
Committees on Appropriations separately establish the 302(b) allocations—the maximum
discretionary budget authority available to each subcommittee for each annual appropriations bill.
The total of these allocations must not exceed the 302(a) discretionary total. This process creates
the basis for enforcing discretionary budget discipline, since any appropriations bill reported with
a total above the ceiling is subject to a point of order. The 302(b) allocations can and often do get
adjusted during the year as the various appropriations bills progress toward final enactment.
Table 6 shows the 302(b) discretionary allocations for the FY2009 L-HHS-ED appropriations
determined by the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations. Comparable amounts for the
FY2008 appropriations and the President’s FY2009 budget request are also shown. Both the
302(a) and 302(b) allocations regularly become contested issues in their own right.
Table 6. FY2009 302(b) Discretionary Allocations for L-HHS-ED
(budget authority in billions of dollars)
FY2008
FY2009 Request
FY2009
FY2009
FY2009
Comparable
Comparable
House
Senate
Allocation
Allocation
Enacted
144.8 145.4 152.6
153.1

Sources: The FY2009 House allocation is based on H.Rept. 110-746, July 8, 2008; the FY2009 Senate allocation
is based on S.Rept. 110-423, July 16, 2008. The comparable amounts for FY2008 budget authority and the
FY2009 budget request are based on the July 1, 2008, table from Senate Appropriations Committee.
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Advance appropriations occur when funds enacted in one fiscal year are not available for
obligation until a subsequent fiscal year. For example, P.L. 109-149, which enacted FY2006 L-
HHS-ED appropriations, provided $400 million for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting
(CPB) for use in FY2008. Advance appropriations may be used to meet several objectives. These
might include the provision of long-term budget information to recipients, such as state and local
educational systems, to enable better planning of future program activities and personnel levels.
The more contentious aspect of advance appropriations, however, involves how they are counted
in budget ceilings.
Advance appropriations avoid the 302(a) and 302(b) allocation ceilings for the current year, but
must be counted in the year in which they first become available for obligation. This procedure
uses up ahead of time part of what will be counted against the allocation ceiling in future years. In
FY2002, the President’s budget proposed the elimination of advance appropriations for federal
discretionary programs, including those for L-HHS-ED programs. Congress rejected that
proposal, and the proposal has not been repeated. For an example of the impact of advance
appropriations on program administration, see the discussion titled “Forward Funding and
Advance Appropriations” in the section on the Department of Education, later in this report.
The FY1999 and FY2000 annual L-HHS-ED appropriations bills provided significant increases
in advance appropriations for discretionary programs, moving from $4.0 billion in FY1998 to
$19.0 billion in FY2000. From FY2001 through FY2007, advance appropriations generally were
provided at $19.3 billion, with the exceptions of $18.8 billion in FY2001 and $21.5 billion in
FY2003. For FY2008, following his pattern of the previous six years, President Bush requested
$18.9 billion in discretionary advance appropriations for L-HHS-ED. Congress decided instead to
add $2.0 billion to the previous total, bringing the amount to $21.3 billion. At that level, advance
appropriations accounted for 14.3% of the L-HHS-ED program level discretionary total of $148.4
billion in FY2008. In terms of current year funding, advances from previous years, at $19.2
billion, represented 13.3% of the current year discretionary total of $144.9 billion for FY2008.
For FY2009, President Bush requested $20.9 billion in advance appropriations for L-HHS-ED.
The House subcommittee recommended advances of $24.8 billion, while the Senate-reported bill
included advance appropriations totaling $23.0 billion.
From FY1998 to the present, advance appropriations included in L-HHS-ED bills have been as
follows:
• FY1998, $4.0 billion;
• FY1999, $8.9 billion;
• FY2000, $19.0 billion;
• FY2001, $18.8 billion;
• FY2002, $19.3 billion;
• FY2003, $21.5 billion;
• FY2004, $19.3 billion;
• FY2005, $19.3 billion;
• FY2006, $19.3 billion;
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• FY2007, $19.3 billion;
• FY2008, $21.3 billion;
• FY2009, President’s budget request, $20.9 billion;
• FY2009, House subcommittee draft recommendation, $24.8 billion;
• FY2009, Senate committee-reported bill, $23.0 billion.
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FY2008 discretionary appropriations for the Department of Labor (DOL) were $11.7 billion. For
FY2009, the Bush Administration requested $10.5 billion, or $1.2 billion (9.8%) less than the
FY2008 amount, as shown in Table 7. The draft bill approved by the House L-HHS-ED
Appropriations Subcommittee included $12.2 billion in discretionary funding. The bill reported
by the Senate Committee on Appropriations recommended $12.4 billion in funding.
Table 7. Department of Labor Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions)
FY2009
FY2009
FY2008
FY2009
House
Senate
FY2009
Funding
Comparable
Request
Subcomm.
Comm.
Enacted
Appropriations 11.7
10.5
12.2
12.4

Sources: Amounts are based on tables from House Committee on Appropriations (June 23, 2008) and Senate
Committee on Appropriations (July 1, 2008). FY2008 amounts do not include supplemental appropriations.
Amounts represent discretionary spending funded by L-HHS-ED appropriations; funds for mandatory programs
are excluded.
Mandatory DOL programs included in the L-HHS-ED act were funded at $3.0 billion in FY2008.
Mandatory programs consist of the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund ($1,068 million), Federal
Unemployment Benefits and Allowances ($889 million), Advances to the Unemployment
Insurance and Other Trust Funds ($437 million), Special Benefits for Disabled Coal Miners ($270
million), Employment Standards Administration (ESA) Special Benefits ($203 million), and
administrative expenses for the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Fund ($49
million).
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President George W. Bush’s FY2009 budget request for DOL included funding changes for a
number of activities. Proposed discretionary changes of at least $100 million compared to
FY2008 appropriations were as follows:
• The request reduced funding for Workforce Investment Act (WIA) programs by
$553 million, from $5.2 billion for FY2008 to $4.6 billion for FY2009.
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• Appropriations for WIA Dislocated Worker Assistance programs, funded at $1.5
billion in FY2008, were reduced by $241 million.2
• WIA Adult Training grants to states, funded at $862 million in FY2008, were
reduced by $150 million.
• Funding for Community Service Employment for Older Americans fell $172
million, from $522 million to $350 million.
• The President proposed to eliminate $703 million in funding for Employment
Service grants to states, leaving $20 million in funding for other Employment
Service activities. These grants fund a nationwide system of employment services
for job-seekers and employers. The President proposed that these services be
provided by One-Stop Career Centers.
• The request increased funding for state Unemployment Compensation operations
by $172 million, from $2,464 million for FY2008 to $2,636 million for FY2009.
The President requested $2.8 billion for new individual Career Advancement Accounts (CAA).
To pay for the accounts, the request eliminated or reduced funding for WIA Adult, Youth, and
Dislocated Worker programs; the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC); and workforce
information. The request proposed that the maximum amount of an account be $3,000 per year.
ȱ ȱȱ
Funding for DOL, as recommended by the House L-HHS-ED Appropriations Subcommittee,
differed by at least $100 million from the President’s budget request, as follows.
• The measure approved by the House subcommittee raised funding for WIA
programs by $693 million above the Administration’s request for $4.6 billion and
by $140 million above the amount appropriated for FY2008.
• The subcommittee’s proposal funded WIA Dislocated Worker Assistance
programs at $1.5 billion, which is $281 million above the Administration’s
request and $40 million above funding approved for FY2008.
• The subcommittee increased funding for the Job Corps by $153 million above the
Administration’s request of $1.6 billion and $107 million above funding for
FY2008.
• The subcommittee funded WIA Adult Training grants to states at $862 million,
which is $150 million more than the Administration’s request and the same as
funding for FY2008.
• Community Service Employment for Older Americans received $222 million
more than the Administration’s request of $350 million and $50 million more
than Congress appropriated for FY2008.

2 Appropriations for FY2008 set aside $123 million from the Dislocated Worker Assistance National Reserve program
for the Community College initiative. The President requested $125 million in direct appropriations for Community
College grants.
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• The subcommittee provided $703 million for Employment Service grants to
states, which is $703 million above the President’s request and the same as
funding for FY2008.
The House subcommittee did not recommend the creation of individual Career Advancement
Accounts (CAA).
ȱȱ
For DOL programs, the bill reported by the Senate Appropriations Committee differed from the
draft bill approved by the House subcommittee by at least $100 million as follows:
• The bill reported by the Senate committee increased funding for state
Unemployment Compensation operations by $196 million above the $2.6 billion
recommended by the House subcommittee and requested by the President.
The Senate committee did not recommend the creation of individual Career Advancement
Accounts (CAA).
ȱȱ
CRS Report RL33362, Unemployment Insurance: Available Unemployment Benefits and
Legislative Activity, by Julie M. Whittaker.
CRS Report RL34383, Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) for Workers: Current Issues and
Legislation, by John J. Topoleski.
CRS Report RS22718, Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers (TAA) and Alternative Trade
Adjustment Assistance for Older Workers (ATAA), by John J. Topoleski.
ȱ
Department of Labor
http://www.dol.gov
http://www.dol.gov/dol/aboutdol/main.htm#budget
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Table 8 shows the appropriations details for offices and major programs of DOL.
Table 8. Detailed Department of Labor Appropriations
($ in millions)
FY2009
FY2009
FY2008
FY2009
House
Senate
FY2009
Office or Major Program
Comparable Request Subcomm.
Comm.
Enacted
Total Workforce Investment Act, Title I
(WIA) (non-add)
5,186
4,633
5,326
5,269

Employment and Training Administration (ETA)
Training and Employment Services (TES)
WIA Adult Training Grants to States
862
712
862
864

WIA Youth Training
924
841
924
931

WIA Dislocated Worker Assistance
(DWA)
1,465
1,224
1,505
1,482

DWA State Grants (non-add)
1,184
943
1,184
1,200

DWA National Reserve Community
College initiative set aside (non-add)a
123 0
145
125

DWA National Reserve, other (non-
add)a
158
281
176
157

WIA Migrant and Seasonal
Farmworkers
80
0
82
83

WIA Community College Grants
(Community-Based Job Training)a
0
125
0
0

Other WIA and TES Activities
246
285
230
259

TES subtotal
3,576
3,061
3,602
3,619

Community Service Employment for
Older Americans
522
350
572
572

Federal Unemployment Benefits and
Allowances (mandatory)b
889
959
959
959

State Unemployment Insurance and Employment Service Operations (SUI/ESO)
Unemployment Compensation
2,464
2,636
2,636
2,832

Employment Servicec
723 20
725 724

Employment Service State Grants (non-
add)c
703
0
703
704

Foreign Labor Certification
54
78
66
70

One-Stop Career Centers
52
49
51
52

Work Incentives Grants
14
0
20
14

SUI/ESO subtotal
3,307
2,783
3,498
3,692

Advances to Unemployment Trust
Fund and other funds (mandatory)
437
422
422
422

ȱȱȱ
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ǰȱ ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱǱȱŘŖŖşȱȱ
ȱ
FY2009
FY2009
FY2008
FY2009
House
Senate
FY2009
Office or Major Program
Comparable Request Subcomm.
Comm.
Enacted
ETA Program Administration
131
144
130
131

ETA subtotal
8,862
7,719
9,183
9,395

Employee Benefits Security
Administration
139
148
148
139

Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
(non-add)
427
445
445
445

Employment Standards Administration (ESA)
ESA Salaries and Expenses
421
469
455
438

Office of Labor-Management Standards
(OLMS) (non-add)
45
58
45
45

ESA Special Benefits (mandatory)
203
163
163
163

ESA Special Benefits for Disabled
Coal Miners (mandatory)
270
244
244
244

ESA Energy Employees Occupational
Illness Compensation Fund (Part B
administrative expenses)
49
50
50
50

d
(mandatory)
ESA Black Lung Disability Trust Fund
(mandatory)
1,068
1,072
1,072
1,072

ESA subtotal
2,012
1,997
1,984
1,967

Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)
486
502
513
505

Mine Safety and Health
Administration (MSHA)
332
332
335
347

Bureau of Labor Statistics
545
593
596
598

Office of Disability Employment
Policy
27
12
21
27

Departmental Management
International Labor Affairs
81
15
81
86

WIA Job Corps
1,611
1,565
1,717
1,651

Veterans Employment and Training
228
238
240
238

Departmental Management, other
287
331
312
310

Departmental Management subtotal
2,207
2,149
2,351
2,285

Working Capital Fund
0
0
0
0

TOTALS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Total Appropriationse
14,609
13,452
15,130
15,263

Current Year Funding
12,084
10,933
12,611
12,744

One-Year Advance Funding
2,525
2,519
2,519
2,519

Sources: Amounts for FY2008, FY2009 request, and FY2009 Senate Appropriations Committee
recommendations are based on the table in S.Rept. 110-410, accompanying S. 3230 (July 8, 2008). Amounts
recommended by the House L-HHS-ED Appropriations Subcommittee are based on its table dated June 23,
ȱȱȱ
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ǰȱ ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱǱȱŘŖŖşȱȱ
ȱ
2008. FY2008 amounts do not include FY2008 supplemental appropriations. Details may not add to totals due to
rounding.
a. The WIA community college initiative (i.e., Community-Based Job Training program) was funded at $123
million in FY2008 from Dislocated Worker Assistance National Reserve funds. The President’s budget for
FY2009 requested direct appropriations of $125 million. To reflect this difference, in Table 8 the program
is shown on two lines.
b. Federal Unemployment Benefits and Allowances consist of funding for benefits and training for workers
under the Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) program.
c. The Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2008 (H.R. 2642, P.L. 110-252) included an additional
$110 million for State Unemployment Insurance and Employment Service Operations for grants
to states to administer the Unemployment Compensation program for the balance of FY2008.
For purposes of the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2009 (Division A of P.L. 110-329), the
additional $110 million is included in current, or baseline, appropriations until an FY2009
appropriations bill is enacted or until March 6, 2009, whichever is first.
d. Before FY2009, appropriations for administrative and statutory activities under the Energy Employees
Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act (EEOICPA) were in DOL, with some of the funding
transferred to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by interagency agreement. The
FY2009 request proposed direct appropriations (mandatory) to CDC for the activities.
e. Appropriations totals include discretionary and mandatory spending and may be subject to additional
scorekeeping and other adjustments.
ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ
FY2008 discretionary appropriations for the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
were $65.5 billion. For FY2009, the budget request was $63.8 billion, $1.7 billion (2.6%) less
than the FY2008 amount, as shown in Table 9. The draft bill approved by the House L-HHS-ED
Appropriations Subcommittee included $69.0 billion in discretionary funding. The bill reported
by the Senate Committee on Appropriations recommended $68.2 billion for FY2009.
Table 9. Department of Health and Human Services Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions)
FY2009
FY2009
FY2008
FY2009
House
Senate
FY2009
Funding
Comparable
Request
Subcomm.
Comm.
Enacted
Appropriations
65.5
63.8
69.0
68.2

Sources: Amounts are based on tables from House Committee on Appropriations (June 23, 2008) and Senate
Committee on Appropriations (July 1, 2008). FY2008 amounts do not include supplemental appropriations.
Amounts represent discretionary spending funded by L-HHS-ED appropriations; funds for mandatory programs
are excluded, as are funds for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Indian Health Service (IHS).
FDA and IHS are both agencies of HHS, but they are funded through other appropriations bills.
Mandatory HHS programs included in the L-HHS-ED act were funded at $410.8 billion in
FY2008, and consist primarily of Medicaid Grants to States ($208.9 billion), Payments to
Medicare Trust Funds ($188.4 billion, including both Part B Supplementary Medical Insurance
and Part D Prescription Drugs), Foster Care and Adoption Assistance State Payments ($6.8
billion), Family Support Payments to States ($4.0 billion), and the Social Services Block Grant
($1.7 billion).
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President George W. Bush’s FY2009 budget request for HHS proposed increased support for the
Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund (PHSSEF), for Head Start, and for program
management and a fraud control initiative for the administration of Medicare and Medicaid. At
the same time, it proposed level funding for medical research, and overall funding reductions for
health resources and services, disease control and prevention, substance abuse and prevention,
programs for children and families, and services for the aging. Not all programs in each category
were decreased; selected programs in most of the categories were requested for increases.
Requests for major changes are indicated below.
Discretionary spending changes of at least $100 million were requested in the President’s FY2009
budget for several HHS programs, as follows.
• Health Professions programs other than those for nursing, funded at $194 million
in FY2008, were eliminated.
• Children’s Hospitals Graduate Medical Education (CHGME), funded at $302
million in FY2008, was eliminated.
• Rural Health Programs, funded at $136 million in FY2008, were reduced by
$112 million to $25 million.
• Health Care-Related Facilities and Activities, funded at $304 million in FY2008,
were eliminated.
• At the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA),
Mental Health programs, funded at $889 million in FY2008, were reduced by
$126 million to $763 million.
• At the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), a Fraud and Abuse
Control Initiative was funded at $198 million, while CMS Program Management
was increased by $156 million, from $3.15 billion in FY2008 to $3.31 billion.
• The Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), funded at $2.57
billion in FY2008, was decreased by $570 million to $2.0 billion.
• The Social Services Block Grant, funded at $1.7 billion in FY2008, would have
been reduced by $500 million to $1.2 billion, but only if a legislative change
proposed by the Administration had been adopted by Congress. (Under current
law, the request remained at $1.7 billion.)
• Head Start, funded at $6.88 billion in FY2008, was increased by $149 million to
$7.03 billion.
• The Community Services Block Grant (CSBG), funded at $654 million in
FY2008, was eliminated.
• The PHSSEF, funded at $729 million in FY2008, was increased by $667 million
to $1.40 billion. Funding covers homeland security activities and pandemic
influenza preparedness, both of which were proposed for increases.
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ǰȱ ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱǱȱŘŖŖşȱȱ
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Funding for HHS, as recommended by the House L-HHS-ED Appropriations Subcommittee,
differed by at least $100 million from the President’s budget request, as follows.
• Health Professions other than nursing received $244 million. No funds were
requested; $194 million was provided in FY2008.
• The CHGME received $310 million. No funds were requested; $302 million was
provided in FY2008.
• Health Care-Related Facilities and Activities received $158 million. No funds
were requested; $304 million was provided in FY2008.
• The CDC Infectious Diseases program received $1.96 billion, $106 million more
than requested; $1.89 billion was provided in FY2008.
• The CDC Terrorism Preparedness and Response program received $1.52 billion,
$100 million more than requested; $1.48 billion was provided in FY2008.
• The Preventive Health and Health Services Block Grant (PHBG) received $100
million. No funds were requested; $97 million was provided in FY2008.
• The National Institutes of Health (NIH) received $30.38 billion, $1.15 billion
more than requested; $29.23 billion was provided in FY2008.
• SAMHSA Mental Health programs received $932 million, $169 million more
than requested; $889 million was provided in FY2008.
• The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) received an
appropriation of $323 million; previously, all of its funding came from the PHS
Evaluation Tap. The draft House bill provided an additional $52 million from the
PHS tap, for a total of $375 million, $49 million more than the request; AHRQ
received $335 million from the tap in FY2008.
• LIHEAP received $2.77 billion, $770 million more than requested; $2.57 billion
was provided in FY2008.
• The CSBG was funded at $700 million. No funds were requested; $654 million
was provided in FY2008.
• The Administration on Aging received $1.49 billion, $79 million more than
requested; $1.41 billion was provided in FY2008.
ȱȱ
As reported, the Senate bill differed from the draft House measure by at least $100 million for
several HHS programs.
• CDC Buildings and Facilities was funded at $150 million. No funds were
recommended in the House draft bill, and none were requested; $55 million was
provided in FY2008.
• The NIH received $30.25 billion, $125 million less than the House amount of
$30.38 billion; $29.23 billion was requested, the same amount as was provided in
FY2008.
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• AHRQ received an appropriation of $91 million, $232 million less than the
House amount of $323 million. The Senate bill provided an additional $244
million from the PHS Evaluation Tap, for a total of $335 million. The total is $40
million less than the House total of $375 million, and $9 million more than the
request; AHRQ received $335 million from the tap in FY2008.
• LIHEAP was funded at $2.57 billion, $200 million less than the House amount of
$2.77 billion; $2.00 billion was requested, and $2.57 billion was provided in
FY2008.
Ǳȱȱȱ
Annual L-HHS-ED appropriations regularly contain restrictions that limit—for one year at a
time—the circumstances under which federal funds can be used to pay for abortions. Restrictions
on appropriated funds, popularly referred to as the “Hyde Amendments,” generally apply to all L-
HHS-ED funds. Medicaid is the largest program affected. Given the perennial volatility of this
issue, these provisions may be revisited at any time during the annual consideration of L-HHS-
ED appropriations. From FY1977 to FY1993, abortions could be funded only when the life of the
mother was endangered. The 103rd Congress modified the provisions to permit federal funding of
abortions in cases of rape or incest. The FY1998 L-HHS-ED appropriations, P.L. 105-78,
extended the Hyde provisions to prohibit the use of federal funds to buy managed care packages
that include abortion coverage, except in the cases of rape, incest, or life endangerment. The
FY1999 L-HHS-ED appropriations, P.L. 105-277, continued the FY1998 Hyde Amendments with
two added provisions: (1) a clarification to ensure that the restrictions apply to all trust fund
programs (namely, Medicare), and (2) an assurance that Medicare + Choice plans (now Medicare
Advantage) cannot require the provision of abortion services. No changes were made from
FY2000 through FY2004.
The FY2005 L-HHS-ED appropriations, P.L. 108-447 (H.Rept. 108-792, p. 1271), added a
restriction, popularly referred to as the “Weldon Amendment,” that prevents federal programs or
state or local governments that receive L-HHS-ED funds from discriminating against health care
entities that do not provide or pay for abortions or abortion services. The FY2006, FY2007, and
FY2008 L-HHS-ED appropriations retained the Weldon amendment language and the Hyde
restrictions. The current provisions can be found in §507 and §508 of P.L. 110-161, Division G.
For additional information, please see CRS Report RL33467, Abortion: Legislative Response, by
Jon O. Shimabukuro.
Embryonic Stem Cell Research: Funding Restrictions. On August 9, 2001, President George W.
Bush announced a decision to use federal funds for research on human embryonic stem cells for
the first time, but limited the funding to “existing stem cell lines.” Embryonic stem cells have the
ability to develop into virtually any cell in the body, and have the potential to treat medical
conditions such as diabetes and Parkinson’s disease. In response to the President’s announcement,
the NIH developed a registry of 78 embryonic stem cell lines eligible for use in federally funded
research. However, many of these lines were found to be unavailable or unsuitable for research;
only 21 of the 78 eligible stem cell lines are currently available for general research purposes.
Scientists are concerned about the quality, longevity, and availability of eligible stem cell lines.
NIH leadership and many others believe that the advancement of research requires new stem cell
lines. The use of stem cells, however, raises ethical issues for some because the embryos are
destroyed in order to obtain the cells.
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ǰȱ ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱǱȱŘŖŖşȱȱ
ȱ
An FY1996 appropriations continuing resolution, P.L. 104-99 (§128), prohibited NIH funds from
being used for the creation of human embryos for research purposes or for research in which
human embryos are destroyed. Since FY1997, annual appropriations acts have extended the
prohibition to all L-HHS-ED funds, with the NIH as the agency primarily affected. The
restriction, originally introduced by Representative Jay Dickey, has not changed significantly
since it was first enacted. The current provision can be found in §509 of P.L. 110-161, Division G.
The original FY2008 Senate L-HHS-ED bill, S. 1710 as reported, included a new §520 that
would have allowed, if certain ethical requirements were met, amounts appropriated under the act
to be used to conduct human embryonic stem cell research as long as the cells were derived
before June 15, 2007, thus changing the August 2001 policy of the Bush Administration. The
provision was dropped, however, before floor consideration. No similar language has appeared in
FY2009 L-HHS-ED proposed legislation. For additional information, please see CRS Report
RL33540, Stem Cell Research: Federal Research Funding and Oversight, by Judith A. Johnson
and Erin D. Williams.
ȱȱ
Health
CRS Report RL33467, Abortion: Legislative Response, by Jon O. Shimabukuro.
CRS Report RL30731, AIDS Funding for Federal Government Programs: FY1981-FY2009, by
Judith A. Johnson.
CRS Report RS21044, Background and Legal Issues Related to Human Embryonic Stem Cell
Research, by Edward C. Liu.
CRS Report RL34448, Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2009, by John F. Sargent
Jr. et al.
CRS Report RS22438, Health Workforce Programs in the Public Health Service (PHS) Act:
Appropriations History (FY2001-FY2009), by Bernice Reyes-Akinbileje and Mary Vennetta
Wright.
CRS Report RL33695, The National Institutes of Health (NIH): Organization, Funding, and
Congressional Issues, by Pamela W. Smith.
CRS Report RL34098, Public Health Service (PHS) Agencies: Background and Funding,
coordinated by Pamela W. Smith.
CRS Report RL33279, The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program, by Judith A. Johnson.
CRS Report RL33540, Stem Cell Research: Federal Research Funding and Oversight, by Judith
A. Johnson and Erin D. Williams.
CRS Report RL33997, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA):
Reauthorization Issues, by Ramya Sundararaman.
Human Services
ȱȱȱ
ŘŚȱ

ǰȱ ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱǱȱŘŖŖşȱȱ
ȱ
CRS Report RL30785, The Child Care and Development Block Grant: Background and Funding,
by Melinda Gish.
CRS Report RL34121, Child Welfare: Recent and Proposed Federal Funding, by Emilie
Stoltzfus.
CRS Report RL32872, Community Services Block Grants (CSBG): Funding and Reauthorization,
by Karen Spar.
CRS Report RL33805, Early Childhood Care and Education Programs in the 110th Congress:
Background and Funding, by Melinda Gish and Gail McCallion.
CRS Report RL30952, Head Start: Background and Issues, by Melinda Gish.
CRS Report RL31865, The Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP): Program
and Funding, by Libby Perl.
CRS Report RL33880, Older Americans Act: FY2008 Funding and FY2009 Funding Proposals,
by Angela Napili.
CRS Report 94-953, Social Services Block Grant (Title XX of the Social Security Act), by
Melinda Gish.
ȱ
Department of Health and Human Services
http://www.hhs.gov
http://www.hhs.gov/budget/docbudget.htm
ȱȱȱ
Table 10 shows the appropriations details for offices and major programs of HHS.
Table 10. Detailed Department of Health and
Human Services Appropriations
($ in millions)
FY2009
FY2009
Office or Major Program
FY2008
FY2009
House
Senate
FY2009
Comparable
Request
Subcom.
Comm.
Enacted
Public Health Service (PHS)
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
Community Health Centers
2,065
2,092
2,165
2,215

National Health Service Corps
123
121
135
135

Health Professions, Nursing
156
110
174
168

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ǰȱ ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱǱȱŘŖŖşȱȱ
ȱ
FY2009
FY2009
Office or Major Program
FY2008
FY2009
House
Senate
FY2009
Comparable
Request
Subcom.
Comm.
Enacted
Health Professions, other
194
0
244
196

Children’s Hospitals Grad.
Med. Educ.
302
0
310
310

Maternal and Child Health
Block Grant
666
666
675
666

Autism and Other Develop’l
Disorders
36
36
42
42

Ryan White AIDS Programs
2,142
2,143
2,242
2,148

Rural Health Programsa
136 25
122
143
Family Planning (Title X)
300
300
315
300

Health Care-Related Facilities
& Activities
304
0
158
171

Vaccine Injury Compensation
Trust Fund (mandatory)
119
257
257
257

HRSA, other
439
379
509
460

HRSA subtotal
6,983
6,129
7,348
7,211

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Infectious Diseases
1,892
1,857
1,963
1,897

Health Promotion
961
932
1,011
990

Energy Employees
Occupational Illness
Compensation Program
55 55
55
55

(mandatory)b
Terrorism Preparedness and
Response
1,479
1,419
1,520
1,508

Preventive Health/Health
Services BG
97
0
100
97

CDC Buildings and Facilities
55
0
0
150

CDC, other
1,565
1,409
1,609
1,672

CDC subtotalc
6,105
5,673
6,258
6,369

National Institutes of Health
(NIH)c

29,230
29,230 30,380 30,255
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
Mental Health
889
763
932
909

(Mental Health Block Grant,
non-add)
400 400
400
400

Substance Abuse Treatment
2,075
2,025
2,099
2,078

Substance Abuse Prevention
194
158
194
191

(Substance Abuse Blk Grant,
non-add)
1,680 1,699
1,699
1,699

SAMHSA, other
75
79
79
81

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ǰȱ ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱǱȱŘŖŖşȱȱ
ȱ
FY2009
FY2009
Office or Major Program
FY2008
FY2009
House
Senate
FY2009
Comparable
Request
Subcom.
Comm.
Enacted
SAMHSA subtotal
3,234
3,025
3,303
3,260

Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality (AHRQ)
0
0
323
91

AHRQ program level (non-add)
335
326
375
335

PHS subtotal
45,552
44,057
47,612
47,185

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)
Medicaid Grants to States
(mandatory)
208,921 221,035
221,035
221,035

Medicare Trust Funds
(mandatory)
188,445 195,308
195,383
195,308

CMS Program Management
3,152
3,307
3,261
3,271

Fraud and Abuse Control
initiative
0
198
198
198

CMS subtotal
400,517
419,848
419,877
419,812

Administration for Children and Families (ACF)
Family Support Payments
(mandatory)
3,998
3,759
3,759
3,759

Low Income Home Energy
Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
2,570
2,000
2,770
2,570

Refugee and Entrant Assistance
656
628
641
635

Child Care and Development
Block Grant (CCDBG)
2,062
2,062
2,112
2,137

Social Services Block Grant
(SSBG)
1,700
1,700d 1,700 1,700
(Title XX) (mandatory)
Head Start
6,878
7,027
7,120
7,105

Child Welfare Services
282
282
282
282

Developmental Disabilities
180
180
183
185

Community Services Block
Grant
654
0
700
654

Battered Women’s Shelters
123
123
131
125

Abstinence Education
109
137
109
80

Children and Family Services,
other
745
746
782
754

Promoting Safe and Stable
Families (PSSF) (mandatory)
345
345
345
345

PSSF (discretionary)
63
63
63
73

Foster Care and Adoption
Assistance (mandatory)
6,843
6,896
6,896
6,896

ACF subtotal
27,208
25,947
27,593
27,300

Administration on Aging
1,413
1,381
1,493
1,478

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ǰȱ ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱǱȱŘŖŖşȱȱ
ȱ
FY2009
FY2009
Office or Major Program
FY2008
FY2009
House
Senate
FY2009
Comparable
Request
Subcom.
Comm.
Enacted
(AOA)
Office of the Secretary
General Departmental
Management
354
380
373
368

Medical Benefits,
Commissioned Officers
397
435
435
435

(mandatory)
Public Health and Social
Services Emergency Fund
729
1,396
1,307
1,252

(PHSSEF)
Office of the Secretary, other
183
170
193
211

Office of the Secretary subtotal
1,664
2,380
2,307
2,265

TOTALS, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Total Appropriationse 476,354 493,614
498,881
498,039

Current Year Funding
404,897
417,725
424,381
422,151

One-Year Advance
Funding
71,457
75,889
74,500
75,889

Sources: Amounts for FY2008, FY2009 request, and FY2009 Senate Appropriations Committee
recommendations are based on the table in S.Rept. 110-410, accompanying S. 3230 (July 8, 2008). Amounts
recommended by the House L-HHS-ED Appropriations Subcommittee are based on its table dated June 23,
2008. FY2008 amounts do not include FY2008 supplemental appropriations. Details may not add to totals due to
rounding.
a. The Denali Commission, previously funded under Rural Health Programs, is now grouped into the “HRSA,
other” line in this table.
b. Before FY2009, EEOICPA administrative and statutory activities were funded through DOL, with some of
the funding transferred to CDC by interagency agreement. The FY2009 request proposed direct
appropriations (mandatory) to CDC for the activities; Part B administrative expenses are still in DOL.
c. Two HHS programs also received FY2008 funds from Interior-Environment appropriations—$74 million for
CDC and $78 million for NIH; neither amount is included in this table.
d. The $1.7 billion shown reflects the current law entitlement to states for the Social Services Block Grant.
For FY2009, the Bush Administration proposed a reduction of $500 million in the entitlement, which would
bring the requested total to $1.2 billion.
e. Appropriations totals include discretionary and mandatory funds, and may be subject to additional
scorekeeping and other adjustments. Two HHS agencies were funded through other appropriations in
FY2008: the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in Agriculture appropriations ($1.7 billion), and the
Indian Health Service (IHS) in Interior-Environment appropriations ($3.3 billion); neither agency is included
in this table.
ȱȱȱ
For FY2009, President George W. Bush’s budget request included $60.1 billion in discretionary
funding for the Department of Education, $871 million (1.5%) over the FY2008 amount of $59.2
billion, as shown in Table 11. The draft bill approved by the House L-HHS-ED Appropriations
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Subcommittee included $63.6 billion in discretionary funding. The bill reported by the Senate
Committee on Appropriations recommended $62.5 billion for FY2009.
Table 11. Department of Education
Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions)
Funding
FY2008
FY2009
FY2009 House
FY2009 Senate
FY2009
Comparable
Request
Subcomm.
Comm.
Enacted
Appropriations
59.2
60.1
63.6
62.5
Sources: Amounts are based on tables from House Committee on Appropriations (June 23, 2008) and Senate
Committee on Appropriations (July 1, 2008). FY2008 amounts do not include supplemental appropriations.
Amounts represent discretionary spending funded by L-HHS-ED appropriations; funds for mandatory programs
are excluded.
A single mandatory ED program is included in the L-HHS-ED bill; the Vocational Rehabilitation
State Grants program was funded at $2.9 billion in FY2008.
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Under the FY2009 budget request, funding for several programs would have increased, and six
new education programs were proposed.3 While the President’s budget requested an increase in
discretionary funding for education of $871 million over the FY2008 funding level, it eliminated
funding for 47 existing programs.
The President’s FY2009 budget request proposed changes of at least $100 million for ED
programs, as follows.
• Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) programs, funded in
aggregate at $24.4 billion in FY2008, were increased by $125 million in the
President’s FY2009 budget request.4

3 These new programs include Math Now ($95 million), Pell Grants for Kids ($300 million), Adjunct Teacher Corps
($10 million), Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate programs ($70 million). Loans for Short-Term
Training ($3 million), and Advancing American through Foreign Language Partnerships ($24 million). The Advanced
Placement and International Baccalaureate programs authorized by the COMPETES Act would replace the
Advancement Placement program (funded at $44 million in FY2008) authorized by the Elementary and Secondary
Education Act of 1965 (ESEA). The President’s request also made substantial modifications to the 21st Century
Community Learning Centers program, including renaming it the 21st Century Learning Opportunities program.
4 These totals are based only on funding for ESEA. When the House and Senate calculate total funding for the No Child
Left Behind Act (NCLBA), which reauthorized the ESEA in 2001, the total includes funding for the Education for
Homeless Children and Youth, and for Comprehensive Centers. The former is authorized by the McKinney-Vento
Homeless Assistance Act, and the latter is authorized by the Educational Technical Assistance Act. Although both Acts
were amended by the NCLBA, none of the funding for either of the two programs is authorized by ESEA. See Table
12 for additional information.
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• Title I, Part A, Grants to Local Educational Agencies (LEAs) for Education for
the Disadvantaged, funded at $13.9 billion in FY2008, were increased by $406
million.
• Reading First State Grants, funded at $393 million in FY2008, were increased by
$607 million.
• One K-12 education initiative of at least $100 million was proposed by the
President: $300 million for Pell Grants for Kids.
• Teacher Quality State Grants, funded at $2.9 billion in FY2008, were decreased
by $100 million.
• Educational Technology State Grants, funded at $267 million in FY2008, were
eliminated.
• 21st Century Community Learning Centers, funded at $1.1 billion in FY2008,
were decreased by $281 million and renamed the 21st Century Learning
Opportunities program.
• The Fund for the Improvement of Education (FIE), funded at $254 million in
FY2008, was reduced by $201 million.
• The Teacher Incentive Fund, funded at $97 million in FY2008, was increased by
$103 million.
• Safe and Drug-Free Schools State Grants, funded at $295 million in FY2008,
were decreased by $195 million.
• The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Part B Grants to States
program, funded at $10.9 billion in FY2008, were increased by $337 million.
• The Perkins Career and Technical Education program, funded at $1.3 billion in
FY2008, was eliminated.
• The Pell Grants program, funded at $14.2 billion in FY2008, was increased by
$2.7 billion. The maximum appropriated award was set at $4,310; $4,241 was the
maximum award in FY2008.5
• Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants, funded at $757 million in
FY2008, were eliminated.
• Aid for Institutional Development, funded at $501 million in FY2008, was
decreased by $139 million.
• The Institute for Education Sciences, funded at $546 million in FY2008, was
increased by $112 million.

5 The College Cost Reduction Act (CCRA; P.L. 110-84) provided mandatory funding for the Pell Grant program
beginning in FY2008. These mandatory funds ($490 for FY2009) coupled with the maximum discretionary amount
included in the President’s request would have resulted in a maximum Pell Grant award of $4,800 for FY2009. The
total maximum Pell Grant award in FY2008 was $4,731.
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Funding for ED programs, as recommended by the House L-HHS-ED Appropriations
Subcommittee, differed by at least $100 million from the President’s budget request, as follows.
• Programs authorized by the ESEA in aggregate received $24.9 billion, $380
million more than requested; $24.4 billion was provided in FY2008.6
• Title I, Part A, Grants to LEAs received $14.5 billion, $150 million more than
requested; $13.9 billion was provided in FY2008.
• School Improvement Grants received $600 million, $109 million more than
requested; $491 million was provided in FY2008.
• Reading First State Grants received no funding, whereas $1 billion was
requested; $393 million was provided in FY2008.
• No funds were provided for the President’s proposed Pell Grants for Kids
initiative, requested at $300 million.
• Teacher Quality State Grants received $3.0 billion, $125 million more than
requested; $2.9 billion was provided in FY2008.
• Education Technology State Grants received $272 million; no funds were
requested; $267 million was provided in FY2008.
• The 21st Century Community Learning Centers received $1.1 billion, $331
million more than requested; $1.1 billion was provided in FY2008.7
• The Fund for the Improvement of Education received $202 million, $150 million
more than requested; $254 million was provided in FY2008.
• Safe and Drug-Free Schools State Grants received $295 million, $195 million
more than requested; $295 million was provided in FY2008.
• IDEA Part B Grants to States received $11.6 billion, $267 million more than
requested; $10.9 billion was provided in FY2008.
• Perkins Career and Technical Education received $1.3 billion; no funds were
requested; $1.3 billion was provided in FY2008.
• Pell Grants received $17.3 billion, $394 million more than requested; $14.2
billion was provided in FY2008. The Pell Grant maximum appropriated award
was increased to $4,410; $4,310 was requested as the appropriated maximum
award; $4,241 was the maximum award in FY2008.8

6 As previously discussed, this comparison is based only on programs authorized by the ESEA. In determining their
totals for NCLB, the House and Senate Appropriations Committees also include funds for the Education for Homeless
Children and Youth, and for Comprehensive Centers; neither program is authorized by the ESEA. See Table 12 for
additional information.
7 The request proposed $800 million for a reformed and renamed program, the 21st Century Learning Opportunities
program. The House and Senate bills continued to fund the current 21st Century Community Learning Center program.
8 When mandatory funding provided by the CCRA is added to the discretionary maximum grant amount recommended
by the House Appropriations Subcommittee, the maximum Pell Grant would have been $4,900.
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• Federal Supplemental Opportunity Grants received $757 million; no funds were
requested; $757 million was provided in FY2008.
• Aid for Institutional Development for higher education received $510 million,
$147 million more than requested; $501 million was provided in FY2008.
ȱȱ
As reported, the Senate bill differed from the draft House measure by at least $100 million for
several ED programs.
• ESEA programs in aggregate received $24.5 billion, $376 million less than the
House amount of $24.9 billion; $24.5 billion was requested; $24.4 billion was
provided in FY2008.9
• School Improvement Grants received $491 million, $109 million less than the
House amount of $600 million; $491 million was requested; $491 million was
provided in FY2008.
• IDEA Part B Grants to States received $11.4 billion, $127 million less than the
House amount of $11.6 billion; $11.3 billion was requested; $10.9 billion was
provided in FY2008.
• Pell Grants received $16.9 billion, $445 million less than the House amount of
$17.3 billion; $16.9 billion was requested; $14.2 billion was provided in FY2008.
The FY2009 maximum appropriated award would have been $4,310 under the
Senate bill, compared to $4,410 under the House bill. The maximum
appropriated award would have been $4,310 under the request. In FY2008, the
maximum appropriated Pell Grant award was $4,241.10
• Aid for Institutional Development for higher education received $363 million,
$147 million less than the House amount of $510 million; $363 million was
requested; $501 million was provided in FY2008.
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Since the enactment of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, P.L. 107-110, which amended the
ESEA among other programs, there has been a continuing discussion regarding the appropriations
“promised” and the resulting “shortfall” when the enacted appropriations are compared to
authorization levels. Some would contend that the ESEA authorizations of appropriations, as
amended by NCLBA, represent a funding commitment that was promised in return for legislative
support for the new administrative requirements placed on state and local educational systems.
They would contend that the authorized levels are needed for implementing the new
requirements, and that the differences between “promised” and actual funding levels represent a

9 As previously discussed, this comparison is based only on programs authorized by the ESEA. In determining their
totals for NCLB, the House and Senate Appropriations Committees also include funds for the Education for Homeless
Children and Youth, and for Comprehensive Centers; neither program is authorized by the ESEA. See Table 12 for
additional information.
10 As previously discussed, the CCRA supplemented the maximum appropriated Pell Grant with an additional $490 in
mandatory funding. Thus, under the Senate reported bill, the maximum Pell Grant would be $4,800, compared with
$4,900 under the House recommended level and $4,800 under the request.
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shortfall of billions of dollars. Others would contend that the authorized funding levels represent
no more than appropriations ceilings, and as such are no different from authorizations for most
education programs. That is, when the authorization amount is specified, it represents only a
maximum amount, with the actual funding level to be determined during the regular annual
appropriations process. In the past, education programs with specified authorization levels
generally have been funded at lower levels; few have been funded at levels equal to or higher
than the specified authorization amount.
Five ESEA programs, as amended by NCLBA, had specific authorization levels for FY2002
through FY2007: Title I, Part A Grants to Local Educational Agencies (LEAs); 21st Century
Community Learning Centers (21CCLC); the Education Block Grant; School Choice; and the
Fund for the Improvement of Education. For FY2007, the aggregate authorization for these five
programs was $28.9 billion, and the appropriation was $14.4 billion, or $14.5 billion less than the
amount authorized.
All current ESEA program authorizations expired after FY2007. They were automatically
extended, however, for one additional year under section 422 of the General Education Provisions
Act (GEPA) (20 U.S.C. 1226a, providing for contingent extension of programs). Therefore,
current ESEA programs were authorized through September 30, 2008. GEPA also specifies that
the amount authorized to be appropriated for a program during the extension shall be the amount
that was authorized to be appropriated for the program during the terminal fiscal year of the
program. Thus, in the case of the five ESEA programs with specific authorization levels for
FY2007, those authorizations remained the same for FY2008. Therefore, for FY2008, the
aggregate authorization for the five programs was $28.9 billion, and the programs were funded at
$15.7 billion, or $13.1 billion less than the amount authorized.
The GEPA extension applied for one year only. For FY2009, all funding for ESEA programs is
taken to be based on authorizations provided implicitly by appropriations, with funds used under
the policies in effect at the end of the explicit authorization period. That is, if one assumes that
appropriations will continue to be provided for ESEA programs despite an expired authorization,
it may also be reasonable to assume that the use of these funds will continue to be governed by
the same policies as they were when the ESEA was still explicitly authorized. Under these
circumstances, the authorization levels for the five ESEA programs with specific authorization
levels for FY2007 would continue to have the same authorization levels in FY2009. Thus, the
aggregate authorization for these five programs would continue to be $28.9 billion. President
Bush’s FY2009 request for these five programs was $15.4 billion, or $13.5 billion less than the
authorization.
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From 1975 to 2004, the IDEA Special Education Part B Grants to States program authorized state
payments up to a maximum amount of 40% of the national average per-pupil expenditure (APPE)
times the number of children with disabilities ages 3-21 that each state serves. Appropriations
have never reached the 40% level. In 2004, Congress addressed the funding issue in P.L. 108-446,
which specified authorization ceilings for Part B Grants to States for FY2005 through FY2011.
For FY2008, the authorized amount was $19.2 billion, and $10.9 billion was appropriated, or $8.3
billion less than the amount authorized. For FY2009, the authorized amount was $21.5 billion,
and the request was for $11.3 billion, or $10.2 billion less than the authorized amount. As with
ESEA and NCLBA, some view these differences as funding shortfalls, while others see the
maximum federal share and the specified authorizations as nothing more than appropriations
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ceilings. For additional information, please see CRS Report RL32085, Individuals with
Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Current Funding Trends, by Ann Lordeman.
ȱȱȱȱȱ
Most appropriations are available for obligation during the federal fiscal year of the
appropriations bill. For example, most FY2009 appropriations will be available for obligation
from October 1, 2008, through September 30, 2009. Several L-HHS-ED programs, including
some of the larger ED programs, have authorization or appropriations provisions that allow
funding flexibility for program years that differ from the federal fiscal year. For example, many
of the elementary and secondary education formula grant programs receive appropriations that
become available for obligation to the states on July 1 of the same year as the appropriations, and
remain available for 15 months through the end of the following fiscal year. That is, FY2009
appropriations for some programs will become available for obligation to the states on July 1,
2009, and will remain available until September 30, 2010. This budgetary procedure is popularly
known as “forward” or “multi-year” funding, and is accomplished through funding provisions in
the L-HHS-ED appropriations bill.
Forward funding in the case of elementary and secondary education programs was designed to
allow additional time for school officials to develop budgets in advance of the beginning of the
school year. For Pell Grants for undergraduates, however, aggregate program costs for individual
students applying for postsecondary educational assistance cannot be known with certainty ahead
of time. Appropriations from one fiscal year primarily support Pell Grants during the following
academic year; that is, the FY2009 appropriations will be used primarily to support grants for the
2009-2010 academic year. Unlike funding for elementary and secondary education programs,
however, the funds for Pell Grants remain available for obligation for two full fiscal years.
An advance appropriation occurs when the appropriation is provided for a fiscal year beyond the
fiscal year for which the appropriation was enacted. In the case of FY2009 appropriations, funds
normally would have become available October 1, 2008, under regular funding provisions, but
will not become available for some programs until July 1, 2009, under the forward funding
provisions discussed above. However, if the July 1, 2009 forward funding date for obligation
were to be postponed by three months—until October 1, 2009—the appropriation would be
reclassified as an advance appropriation since the funds would become available only in a
subsequent fiscal year, FY2010. For example, the FY2009 budget request for Title I, Part A
Grants to LEAs was $14.3 billion. This amount includes not only forward funding of $6.4 billion
(to become available July 1, 2009), but also an advance appropriation of $7.9 billion (to become
available October 1, 2009). Like forward funding provisions, these advance appropriations are
specified through provisions in the annual appropriations bill.
What is the impact of these changes in funding provisions? At the appropriations level, there is no
difference between forward funded and advance appropriations except for the period available for
obligation. At the program or service level, relatively little is changed by the three-month delay in
the availability of funds, since most expenditures for a standard school year occur after October 1.
At the scorekeeping level, however, a significant technical difference occurs because forward
funding is counted as part of the current fiscal year, and is therefore fully included in the current
302(b) allocation for discretionary appropriations. Under federal budget scorekeeping rules, an
advance appropriation is not counted in the 302(b) allocation until the following year. In essence,
a three-month change from forward funding to an advance appropriation for a given program
allows a one-time shift from the current year to the next year in the scoring of discretionary
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appropriations. For more information, please see CRS Report RS20441, Advance Appropriations,
Forward Funding, and Advance Funding, by Sandy Streeter.
ȱȱ
CRS Report RS20441, Advance Appropriations, Forward Funding, and Advance Funding, by
Sandy Streeter.
CRS Report RL33805, Early Childhood Care and Education Programs in the 110th Congress:
Background and Funding, by Melinda Gish and Gail McCallion.
CRS Report RL33960, The Elementary and Secondary Education Act, as Amended by the No
Child Left Behind Act: A Primer, by Wayne C. Riddle and Rebecca R. Skinner.
CRS Report RL31668, Federal Pell Grant Program of the Higher Education Act: Background
and Reauthorization, by Charmaine Mercer.
CRS Report RL32085, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Current Funding
Trends, by Ann Lordeman.
CRS Report RL33371, K-12 Education: Implementation Status of the No Child Left Behind Act of
2001 (P.L. 107-110), by Gail McCallion et al.
CRS Report RL33749, The No Child Left Behind Act: An Overview of Reauthorization Issues
for the 111th Congress, by Wayne C. Riddle.
CRS Report RL34214, A Primer on the Higher Education Act (HEA), by Blake Alan Naughton.
CRS Report RL34017, Vocational Rehabilitation Grants to States and Territories: Overview and
Analysis of the Allotment Formula, by Scott Szymendera.
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Department of Education
http://www.ed.gov/index.jhtml
http://www.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/index.html?src=gu
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Table 12 shows the appropriations details for offices and major programs of ED.
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Table 12. Detailed Department of Education Appropriations
($ in millions)
FY2009
FY2008
FY2009
House FY2009 Senate FY2009
Office or Major Program
Comparable Request Subcom.
Comm.
Enacted
No Child Left Behind Act (non-add)a
24,540
24,665
25,048
24,671

Education for the Disadvantaged
Title I, Part A Education for the
Disadvantaged, Grants to LEAs
13,899
14,305
14,455
14,530

Even Start
66
0
66
66

School Improvement Grants
491
491
600
491

Reading First State Grants
393
1,000
0
0

Math Now
0
95
0
0

Pell Grants for Kids
0
300
0
0

Migrant Education State Grants
380
400
400
390

Education for the Disadvantaged,
other
260
326
267
258

Education for the Disadvantaged
subtotal
15,489 16,917
15,788
15,736
Impact Aid
Impact Aid
1,241
1,241
1,291
1,241

School Improvement Programs
Teacher Quality State Grants
2,935
2,835
2,960
2,935

Mathematics and Science
Partnerships
179
179
199
179

Educational Technology State
Grants
267
0
272
267

21st Century Community Learning
Centersb
1,081
800
1,131
1,081

State Assessments
409
409
409
411

Rural Education
172
172
175
172

School Improvement, other
246
172
253
247

School Improvement subtotal
5,289
4,566
5,400
5,292

Indian Education
Indian Education
120
120
125
120

Innovation and Improvement
Charter School Grants
211
236
236
216

Fund for the Improvement of
Education general funds (FIE)
254
52
202
196

Teacher Incentive Fund
97
200
112
97

Innovation and Improvement,
other
424
379
426
435

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FY2009
FY2008
FY2009
House FY2009 Senate FY2009
Office or Major Program
Comparable Request Subcom.
Comm.
Enacted
Innovation and Improvement
subtotal
986
868
977
944

Safe Schools and Citizenship Education
Safe and Drug-Free Schools State
Grants
295
100
295
295

Safe Schools and Citizenship, other 399
182
420
372

Safe Schools and Citizenship

subtotal
282 714 666

693
English Language Acquisition
English Language Acquisition State
Grants
700
730
730
730

Special Education
IDEA, Part B, Grants to States
10,948
11,285
11,552
11,425

Special Education, other
1,046
1,051
1,036
1,087

Special Education subtotal
11,994
12,336
12,588
12,512

Rehabilitation Services and Disability Research
Vocational Rehabilitation State
Grants (mandatory)
2,874
2,975
2,975
2,975

Rehabilitation Services, other
403
344
413
404

Rehabilitation Services subtotal
3,277
3,319
3,387
3,379

Special Institutions for Persons with Disabilities
Special Institutions for Persons
With Disabilities
195
200
206
209

Vocational and Adult Education
Perkins Career and Technical
Education
1,272
0
1,274
1,272

Adult Education
567
575
567
567

Vocational and Adult, other
102
0
110
24

Vocational and Adult Education
subtotal
1,942 575
1,952
1,863
Student Financial Aid
Pell Grants, maximum award
(in dollars, non-add)
4,241
4,310
4,410
4,310

Pell Grantsc
14,215 16,941
17,335
16,890
Supplemental Educational
Opportunity Grants
757
0
757
757

Federal Work-Study
980
980
980
980

Federal Perkins Loans
64
0
64
70

Leveraging Educational Assistance 64
0
64
64

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FY2009
FY2008
FY2009
House FY2009 Senate FY2009
Office or Major Program
Comparable Request Subcom.
Comm.
Enacted
Partnership (LEAP)
Student Financial Aid subtotal
16,081
17,921
19,201
18,762

Student Aid Administration
Student Aid Administration
696
714
714
705

Higher Education
Aid for Institutional Development
501
363
510
363

Fund for the Improvement of
Postsecondary Education (FIPSE)
120
37
113
64

TRIO Programs
828
828
858
838

GEAR UP
303
303
318
308

Higher Education, other
269
202
283
283

Higher Education subtotal
2,022
1,734
2,081
1,856

Howard University
Howard University
233
233
237
233

Institute of Education Sciences
Institute of Education Sciences
546
658
616
642

Departmental Management
Departmental Management
552
600
573
572

Department of Education, otherd
Department of Education, other
1
14
11
11

TOTALS, Department of Education
Total Appropriationse
62,056
63,027
66,590
65,473

Current Year Funding
45,038
46,010
44,684
46,706

One-Year Advance Funding
17,017
17,017
21,906
18,767

Sources: Amounts for FY2008, FY2009 request, and FY2009 Senate Appropriations Committee
recommendations are based on the table in S.Rept. 110-410, accompanying S. 3230 (July 8, 2008). Amounts
recommended by the House L-HHS-ED Appropriations Subcommittee are based on its table dated June 23,
2008. FY2008 amounts do not include FY2008 supplemental appropriations. Details may not add to totals due to
rounding.
a. The NCLBA total reported in this table for the FY2008 comparable appropriations and FY2009 request
does not match the NCLBA total reported by ED. ED only includes in its total programs that are
authorized specifically by ESEA, as amended by the NCLBA, while the House and Senate include funding for
the Education for Homeless Children and Youth, and Comprehensive Centers. The former is authorized by
the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, and the latter is authorized by the Educational Technical
Assistance Act. While both Acts were amended by the NCLBA, none of the funding for either of the two
programs is authorized by NCLBA. According to ED, the NCLBA total for FY2008 enacted was $24,419
million, and the total for the FY2009 request was $24,544 million. In addition, if only programs authorized
by the ESEA were included in the total, the House recommended level would be $24,924 million and the
Senate reported level would be $24,548.
b. In the President’s request, the 21st Century Community Learning Centers program was renamed the 21st
Century Learning Opportunities program.
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c. Under the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2009 (Division A of P.L. 10-329), a rate of operations of
$18.627 billion was provided for the Student Financial Assistance Account, including $16.761 billion in
discretionary funding for Pell Grants, an amount that is $2.5 billion above the FY2008 level (Section 158).
d. “Department of Education, other” includes two appropriations for FY2008 and for the House and Senate
FY2009 appropriations: College Housing and Academic Facilities Loans, and the Historically Black Colleges
and Universities Capital Financing program. The FY2009 request includes these programs as well as the
Loans for Short-Term Training program, a new program included in the FY2009 request. Neither the
House nor Senate bills included funding for this new program.
e. Appropriations totals include discretionary and mandatory funds, and are subject to additional scorekeeping
and other adjustments.
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FY2008 discretionary appropriations for L-HHS-ED related agencies were $12.0 billion, as
shown in Table 13. For FY2009, the Bush Administration requested $12.1 billion, or $0.1 billion
(0.9%) more than the FY2008 amount. The draft bill approved by the House L-HHS-ED
Appropriations Subcommittee included $12.7 billion in discretionary funding. The bill reported
by the Senate Committee on Appropriations recommended $12.6 billion for FY2009.
Table 13. Related Agencies Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions)
FY2008
FY2009 House
FY2009
Funding
Comparable FY2009
Request Subcomm. Senate Comm. FY2009 Enacted
Appropriations 12.0
12.1
12.7
12.6

Sources: Amounts are based on tables from House Committee on Appropriations (June 23, 2008) and Senate
Committee on Appropriations (July 1, 2008). FY2008 amounts do not include supplemental appropriations.
Amounts represent discretionary spending funded by L-HHS-ED appropriations; funds for mandatory programs
are excluded.
Mandatory programs for related agencies included in the L-HHS-ED bill are funded at $39.0
billion for FY2008, virtually all of it for the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program.
One independent agency formerly funded by the L-HHS-ED appropriations act was disbanded in
FY2008. The functions of the National Commission on Libraries and Information Science were
transferred to the Institute of Museum and Library Services.
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President George W. Bush’s FY2009 budget request for related agencies included changes in
discretionary spending of at least $100 million for the following agencies:
• In recent years, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) has been funded
two years in advance. The President’s FY2009 budget did not request two-year
advance funding (for FY2011) for the CPB. The request also proposed to reduce
the $420 million advance for FY2010 (appropriated in FY2008) by $220 million
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and the $400 million advance for FY2009 (appropriated in FY2007) by $200
million.11
• The Administration’s request for FY2009 increased funding for SSA
administrative expenses by $582 million, from $9.7 billion for FY2008 to $10.3
billion for FY2009.12
ȱȱȱ
Funding for Related Agencies, as recommended by the House L-HHS-ED Appropriations
Subcommittee, differed by at least $100 million from the President’s budget request, as follows.
• The House subcommittee bill provided $430 million in two-year advance funding
(for FY2011) for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB). This amount
was $430 million above the President’s request and $10 million more the two-
year advance provided in FY2008 (for FY2010). Unlike the Administration’s
request, the subcommittee did not reduce funding previously advanced for
FY2009 and FY2010.
• The subcommittee increased funding for SSA administrative expenses by $100
million above the requested amount of $10.3 billion; $9.7 billion was provided in
FY2008.
ȱȱ
For Related Agencies, the bill reported by the Senate committee did not differ from the House
subcommittee recommendations by at least $100 million for any program. Overall, the Senate
committee recommendation for Related Agencies was $53 million less than the House
subcommittee amount.
ȱȱ
CRS Report RL33931, The Corporation for National and Community Service: Overview of
Programs and FY2009 Funding, by Ann Lordeman and Abigail B. Rudman.
CRS Report RS22168, The Corporation for Public Broadcasting: Federal Funding Facts and
Status, by Mark Gurevitz and Glenn J. McLoughlin.
CRS Report RS22677, Social Security Administration: Administrative Budget Issues, by Kathleen
Romig.
CRS Report RL33544, Social Security Reform: Current Issues and Legislation, by Dawn
Nuschler.

11 In L-HHS-ED appropriations for FY2006, Congress approved a two-year advance of $400 million for CPB for
FY2008. This amount was reduced by 1.747% (to $393 million) in L-HHS-ED appropriations for FY2008 (P.L. 110-
161).
12 FY2008 appropriations for SSA administrative expenses do not include $31 million in supplemental funding from
the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 (H.R. 5140, P.L. 110-185).
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Committee for Purchase From People Who Are Blind or Severely Disabled
http://www.jwod.gov/jwod/index.html
Corporation for National and Community Service
http://www.cns.gov
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
http://www.cpb.org
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
http://www.fmcs.gov
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Committee
http://www.fmshrc.gov
Institute of Museum and Library Services
http://www.imls.gov
Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
http://www.medpac.gov
National Council on Disability
http://www.ncd.gov
National Labor Relations Board
http://www.nlrb.gov
National Mediation Board
http://www.nmb.gov
Occupational Health and Safety Review Commission
http://www.oshrc.gov
Railroad Retirement Board
http://www.rrb.gov
Social Security Administration
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http://www.ssa.gov
http://www.ssa.gov/budget
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Table 14 shows the appropriations details for offices and major programs of the L-HHS-ED
related agencies.
Table 14. Detailed Related Agencies Appropriations
($ in millions)
FY2009
Office or Major Program
FY2008
FY2009 House FY2009 Senate FY2009
Comparable Request Subcomm. Comm.
Enacted
Committee for Purchase from People
Who Are Blind or Severely Disabled
5
5
5
5

Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS)
CNCS Domestic Volunteer Service Programs (DVSP)
Volunteers in Service to America
(VISTA)
94
92
94
94

National Senior Volunteer Corps
214
174
214
214

DVSP subtotal
308 266
308
308

CNCS National and Community Service Programs (NCSP)
National Service Trusta
123
132
130
132

AmeriCorps Grants
257
274
250
271

National Civilian Community Corps
24
10
20
28

NCSP, other
72
70
72
72

NCSP subtotal
475
486
472
503

CNCS, other
74
78
78
78

CNCS subtotal
856
830
858
888

Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB)
CPB, two-year advance for FY2011
(current request) with FY2010
420
0
430
430

comparable
CPB advance for FY2010 with FY2009
comparable (non-add)
400
420
420
420

CPB FY2010 rescission (non-add)
0
-220
0
0

CPB advance for FY2009 with FY2008
comparable (non-add)
393
400
400
400

CPB FY2009 rescission (non-add)
0
-200
0
0

CPB Digitalization Program
29
0
40
29

CPB Interconnection
26
0
27
26

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FY2009
Office or Major Program
FY2008
FY2009 House FY2009 Senate FY2009
Comparable Request Subcomm. Comm.
Enacted
CPB FY2008/FY2009 subtotal
55
0
67
55

Federal Mediation and Conciliation
Service
43
45
45
45

Federal Mine Safety and Health
Review Committee
8 9
9
9

Institute of Museum and Library
Services (IMLS)
264
271
280
259

Medicare Payment Advisory
Commission
11
11
11
11

National Commission on Libraries
and Information Science (NCLIS)b
0.4
0
0
0

National Council on Disability
3
3
3
3

National Labor Relations Board
252
263
263
263

National Mediation Board
13
12
13
13

Occupational Safety and Health
Review Commission
11 11
11
11

Railroad Retirement Board
181
180
180
180

Social Security Administration (SSA)c
SSA Payments to Social Security
Trust Funds (mandatory)
28 20
20
20

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
(mandatory)
38,728
42,665
42,665
42,665

SSI Administrative Expenses
3,019
3,149
3,198
3,165

SSA SSI subtotal
41,746
45,814
45,863
45,830

Social Security and Medicare
Administrative Expenses
6,726d 7,178
7,229
7,212

Total SSA Administrative Expenses (non-
add)
9,745
10,327
10,427
10,377

SSA Office of Inspector General
92
98
98
98

SSA subtotal
48,592
53,111
53,211
53,161

TOTALS, RELATED AGENCIES

Total Appropriationse
50,713 54,751
55,386
55,334

Current Year Funding
35,493
39,351
39,556
39,504

One-Year Advance Funding
14,800
15,400
15,400
15,400

Two-Year Advance Funding
420
0
430
430

Sources: Amounts for FY2008, FY2009 request, and FY2009 Senate Appropriations Committee
recommendations are based on the table in S.Rept. 110-410, accompanying S. 3230 (July 8, 2008), except that
FY2008 amounts do not include FY2008 supplemental appropriations (see note c below). FY2009 amounts
recommended by the House L-HHS-ED Appropriations Subcommittee are based on its table dated June 23,
2008. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
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a. The House L-HHS-ED subcommittee table treats the National Service Trust as separate from National and
Community Service Programs (NCSP). This report follows the Senate Appropriations Committee table and
includes the National Service Trust in the NCSP.
b. Funding for NCLIS ended in FY2008, and IMLS assumed the Commission’s advisory role.
c. The Social Security trust funds are considered off-budget, but the Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
program, SSA administrative expenses, and certain related SSA activities are included in appropriations for
L-HHS-ED and related agencies.
d. The Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 (H.R. 5140, P.L. 110-185) included $31 million in supplementary funding
for FY2008 for SSA Administrative Expenses to distribute individual income tax rebates (not included in this
table).
e. Appropriations totals include discretionary and mandatory spending, and are subject to additional
scorekeeping and other adjustments.
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The following items include some of the key budget terms used in this report; they are based on
CRS Report 98-720, Manual on the Federal Budget Process, by Robert Keith and Allen Schick.
The websites provide general information on the federal budget and appropriations.
Advance appropriation is budget authority that will become available in a fiscal year beyond the
fiscal year for which the appropriations act is enacted; scorekeeping counts the entire amount in
the fiscal year it first becomes available for obligation.
Appropriation is budget authority that permits federal agencies to incur obligations and to make
payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. Appropriations represent the amounts that
agencies may obligate during the period of time specified in the law. Annual appropriations are
provided in appropriations acts; most permanent appropriations are provided in substantive law.
Major types of appropriations are regular, supplemental, and continuing.
Budget authority is legal authority to incur financial obligations that normally result in the
outlay of federal government funds. Major types of budget authority are appropriations,
borrowing authority, and contract authority. Budget authority also includes the subsidy cost to the
federal government of direct loans and loan guarantees, estimated on a net present value basis.
Budget resolution is a concurrent resolution passed by both chambers of Congress, but not
requiring the signature of the President, setting forth the congressional budget for at least five
fiscal years. It includes various budget totals and functional allocations.
Discretionary spending is budget authority provided in annual appropriations acts, other than
appropriated entitlements.
Entitlement authority is the authority to make payments to persons, businesses, or governments
that meet the eligibility criteria established by law; as such, it represents a legally binding
obligation on the part of the federal government. Entitlement authority may be funded by either
annual or permanent appropriations acts.
Forward funding is budget authority that becomes available after the beginning of the fiscal year
for which the appropriation is enacted and remains available into the next fiscal year; the entire
amount is counted or scored in the fiscal year in which it first becomes available.
Mandatory (direct) spending includes (a) budget authority provided in laws other than
appropriations; (b) entitlement authority; and (c) the Food Stamp program.
Rescission is the cancellation of budget authority previously enacted.
Scorekeeping is a set of procedures for tracking and reporting on the status of congressional
budgetary actions.
Supplemental appropriation is budget authority provided in an appropriations act that provides
funds that are in addition to regular appropriations.
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General information on budget and appropriations may be found at these websites. Specific L-
HHS-ED agency sites are listed in relevant sections of this report.
House Committees
http://appropriations.house.gov/
http://republicans.appropriations.house.gov/
http://budget.house.gov/
http://budget.house.gov/republicans/
Senate Committees
http://appropriations.senate.gov/
http://budget.senate.gov/democratic/
http://budget.senate.gov/republican/
Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
http://www.cbo.gov/
Congressional Research Service (CRS)
http://apps.crs.gov/cli/level_2.aspx?PRDS_CLI_ITEM_ID=73
Government Accountability Office (GAO)
http://www.gao.gov/
Government Printing Office (GPO)
http://www.gpoaccess.gov/usbudget/
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/index.html
Statements of Administration Policy (SAPs):
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/legislative/sap/index.html

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Pamela W. Smith, Coordinator
Gerald Mayer
Analyst in Biomedical Policy
Analyst in Labor Policy
psmith@crs.loc.gov, 7-7048
gmayer@crs.loc.gov, 7-7815
Rebecca R. Skinner

Specialist in Education Policy
rskinner@crs.loc.gov, 7-6600

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Area of Expertise
Name
Phone E-mail
L-HHS-ED Appropriations
Pamela W. Smith
7-7048 psmith@crs.loc.gov
Coordinator
Department of Labor (DOL)

DOL appropriations coordinator
Gerald Mayer
7-7815 gmayer@crs.loc.gov
Job training and employment services
Ann Lordeman
7-2323
alordeman@crs.loc.gov
Labor market information
Linda Levine
7-7756
llevine@crs.loc.gov
Wage and hour standards
Gerald Mayer
7-7815
gmayer@crs.loc.gov
Mine Safety and Health Administration
Linda Levine
7-7756
llevine@crs.loc.gov
Occupational Safety and Health Admin.
Linda Levine
7-7756
llevine@crs.loc.gov
Office of Workers’ Compensation
Scott Szymendera
7-0014
sszymendera@crs.loc.gov
Programs
Older Americans Act, employment
Angela Napili
7-0135
anapili@crs.loc.gov
programs
Kirsten Colello
7-7839
kcolello@crs.loc.gov
Pension and welfare benefits
Patrick Purcell
7-7571
ppurcell@crs.loc.gov
John Topoleski
7-2290
jtopoleski@crs.loc.gov
Trade adjustment assistance
John Topoleski
7-2290
jtopoleski@crs.loc.gov
Unemployment compensation
Julie M. Whittaker
7-2587
jwhittaker@crs.loc.gov
Veterans employment
Christine Scott
7-7366
cscott@crs.loc.gov
Workforce Investment Act
Ann Lordeman
7-2323
alordeman@crs.loc.gov
Department of Health and Human
Services (HHS)

HHS appropriations coordinator
Pamela W. Smith
7-7048 psmith@crs.loc.gov
Abortion, legal issues
Karen J. Lewis
7-6190
klewis@crs.loc.gov
Jon Shimabukuro
7-7990
jshimabukuro@crs.loc.gov
Abortion procedures
Judith A. Johnson
7-7077
jajohnson@crs.loc.gov
Agency for Healthcare Res. & Qual.
Andrew R. Sommers
7-4624
asommers@crs.loc.gov
(AHRQ)
AIDS, Ryan White programs
Judith A. Johnson
7-7077
jajohnson@crs.loc.gov
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Area of Expertise
Name
Phone E-mail
Bioterrorism, HHS funding
Sarah Lister
7-7320
slister@crs.loc.gov
Cancer research
Judith A. Johnson
7-7077
jajohnson@crs.loc.gov
Centers for Disease Control and
Sarah A. Lister
7-7320
slister@crs.loc.gov
Prevention
Chafee Foster Care Independence
Adrienne L. Fernandes
7-9005
afernandes@crs.loc.gov
Program
Child abuse and neglect, child welfare
Emilie Stoltzfus
7-2324
estoltzfus@crs.loc.gov
Child care and development
Karen E. Lynch
7-6899
klynch@crs.loc.gov
Developmental Disabilities Act
Andrew R. Sommers
7-4624
asommers@crs.loc.gov
Domestic violence
Garrine Laney
7-2518
glaney@crs.loc.gov
Family Planning, Title X
Angela Napili
7-0135
anapili@crs.loc.gov
Federal health centers
Barbara English
7-1927
benglish@crs.loc.gov
Foster care and adoption
Emilie Stoltzfus
7-2324
estoltzfus@crs.loc.gov
Global health; international AIDS, TB,
Tiaji Salaam-Blyther
7-7677
tsalaam@crs.loc.gov
and malaria
Kellie Moss
7-7314
kmoss@crs.loc.gov
Head Start
Karen E. Lynch
7-6899
klynch@crs.loc.gov
Health professions education and training Bernice Reyes-
7-2260 breyes@crs.loc.gov
Akinbileje
Health Resources and Services Admin.
Bernice Reyes-
7-2260 breyes@crs.loc.gov
Akinbileje
Immunization
Pamela W. Smith
7-7048
psmith@crs.loc.gov
Low-Income Home Energy Assistance
Libby Perl
7-7806
eperl@crs.loc.gov
Prog.
Maternal and child health, general
Ramya Sundararaman
7-7285
rsundararaman@crs.loc.gov
Maternal and Child Health Block Grant
Angela Napili
7-0135
anapili@crs.loc.gov
Medicaid
Elicia J. Herz
7-1377
eherz@crs.loc.gov
Medicare
Holly Sue Stockdale
7-9553
hstockdale@crs.loc.gov
Mentoring programs for vulnerable youth Adrienne L. Fernandes
7-9005 afernandes@crs.loc.gov
Needle exchange, AIDS
Ramya Sundararaman
7-7285
rsundararaman@crs.loc.gov
NIH, health research policy
Pamela W. Smith
7-7048
psmith@crs.loc.gov
Older Americans Act
Angela Napili
7-0135
anapili@crs.loc.gov
Pandemic influenza/bird flu
Sarah A. Lister
7-7320
slister@crs.loc.gov
Public Health Service
Pamela W. Smith
7-7048
psmith@crs.loc.gov
Randolph-Sheppard Act
Andrew R. Sommers
7-4624
asommers@crs.loc.gov
Refugee Resettlement Assistance
Andorra Bruno
7-7865
abruno@crs.loc.gov
Runaway and Homeless Youth Act
Adrienne L. Fernandes
7-9005
afernandes@crs.loc.gov
Social Services Block Grant
Karen E. Lynch
7-6899
klynch@crs.loc.gov
State Children’s Health Insur. Prog.
(SCHIP)
Evelyne P. Baumrucker
7-8913
ebaumrucker@crs.loc.gov
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Area of Expertise
Name
Phone E-mail
Stem cell research, cloning
Judith A. Johnson
7-7077
jajohnson@crs.loc.gov
Erin D. Williams
7-4897
ewilliams@crs.loc.gov
Substance Abuse & Mental Health
Ramya Sundararaman
7-7285
rsundararaman@crs.loc.gov
Services
Temp. Assistance for Needy Families
(TANF)
Gene Falk
7-7344
gfalk@crs.loc.gov
Department of Education (ED)

ED appropriations coordinator
Rebecca R. Skinner 7-6600 rskinner@crs.loc.gov
Adult education and literacy
Gail McCallion
7-7758
gmccallion@crs.loc.gov
After-school programs
Gail McCallion
7-7758
gmccallion@crs.loc.gov
Assessment in education/Adequate
Rebecca R. Skinner
7-6600
rskinner@crs.loc.gov
Yearly Progress (AYP)
Wayne C. Riddle
7-7382
wriddle@crs.loc.gov

Erin D. Caffrey
7-9447
ecaffrey@crs.loc.gov
Career (vocational) and technical
Erin D. Caffrey
7-9447
ecaffrey@crs.loc.gov
education

Rebecca R. Skinner
7-6600
rskinner@crs.loc.gov
Charter schools/school choice
Rebecca R. Skinner
7-6600
rskinner@crs.loc.gov
College costs and prices
David P. Smole
7-0624
dsmole@crs.loc.gov
Education block grants
Rebecca R. Skinner
7-6600
rskinner@crs.loc.gov
Education for the Disadvantaged,
Rebecca R. Skinner
7-6600
rskinner@crs.loc.gov
Title I

Wayne C. Riddle
7-7382
wriddle@crs.loc.gov
Education technology
Erin D. Caffrey
7-9447
ecaffrey@crs.loc.gov
Elementary and Secondary Education
Rebecca R. Skinner
7-6600
rskinner@crs.loc.gov

Wayne C. Riddle
7-7382
wriddle@crs.loc.gov
English language acquisition
Rebecca R. Skinner
7-6600
rskinner@crs.loc.gov
Higher education
David P. Smole
7-0624
dsmole@crs.loc.gov
Impact Aid
Jeffrey J. Kuenzi
7-8645
jkuenzi@crs.loc.gov
Indian education
Roger Walke
7-8641
rwalke@crs.loc.gov
Pell Grants
David P. Smole
7-0624
dsmole@crs.loc.gov
Reading programs
Gail McCallion
7-7758
gmccallion@crs.loc.gov
Rehabilitation Act
Janet L. Valluzzi
7-9557
jvalluzzi@crs.loc.gov
Safe & Drug-Free Schools & Communities Gail McCallion
7-7758
gmccallion@crs.loc.gov
Special education, IDEA
Ann Lordeman
7-2323
alordeman@crs.loc.gov
Special education, IDEA, legal issues
Nancy Lee Jones
7-6976
njones@crs.loc.gov
Student aid/need analysis
David P. Smole
7-0624
dsmole@crs.loc.gov
Student loans
David P. Smole
7-0624
dsmole@crs.loc.gov
Teacher recruitment, preparation, &
Jeffrey J. Kuenzi
7-8645
jkuenzi@crs.loc.gov
training
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Area of Expertise
Name
Phone E-mail
Related Agencies

Corp. for National & Community Service Ann Lordeman
7-2323 alordeman@crs.loc.gov
(VISTA, Senior Corps, AmeriCorps)
Abigail Rudman
7-9519 arudman@crs.loc.gov
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
Glenn J. McLoughlin
7-7073
gmcloughlin@crs.loc.gov
Institute of Museum and Library Services Gail McCallion
7-7758
gmccallion@crs.loc.gov
National Labor Relations Board
Gerald Mayer
7-7815
gmayer@crs.loc.gov
Natl Labor Relations Board, legal issues
Jon O. Shimabukuro
7-7990
jshimabukuro@crs.loc.gov
Social Security Administration,
Dawn Nuschler
7-6283
dnuschler@crs.loc.gov
administrative expenses
Gary Sidor
7-2588
gsidor@crs.loc.gov
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
Scott Szymendera
7-0014
sszymendera@crs.loc.gov

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