Order Code RL34276
FY2008 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations
for International Affairs
Updated January 24, 2008
Connie Veillette, Susan B. Epstein,
Rhoda Margesson, and Curt Tarnoff
Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division

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FY2008 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for
International Affairs
Summary
Congress approved an FY2008 Consolidated Appropriations Act (H.R. 2764)
during the week of December 17, 2007, that included some emergency supplemental
funding for international affairs requested by the White House. The President signed
the spending measure on December 26 (P.L. 110-161). The White House had
submitted emergency supplemental requests to Congress for military operations in
Iraq and Afghanistan, and international affairs programs totaling $196.5 billion. The
request was made in two installments — an estimate of additional expenses was sent
to Congress with the FY2008 regular budget request in February 2007, and a second
amended request was made on October 22, 2007. Of the total, $6.897 billion
consisted of international affairs spending, relating to State Department operations
and foreign assistance programs, and included $350 million in Agriculture
Department food aid appropriations. This report analyzes the international affairs
portion of the request and tracks related legislative activity.
On February 6, 2007, the Administration sent to Congress its regular FY2008
budget that included $35.1 billion for international affairs. At the same time, the
President sent Congress a separate FY2008 emergency supplemental request of
$3.301 billion for international affairs. On October 22, 2007, the Administration
amended its supplemental request with $3.596 billion in additional spending. While
the largest portion of the total request was for State Department operations and
foreign assistance in Iraq and Afghanistan, it also included sizeable requests for
programs in Mexico, the West Bank and Gaza, North Korea, Sudan, and Pakistan.
The Bush Administration has increasingly requested supplemental funds for
international affairs budgets. Some budget experts and others have criticized the
Administration for relying too heavily on supplementals, saying that many items have
become routine, particularly relating to Iraq and Afghanistan, and should be
incorporated into the regular appropriations cycle. The Administration counters that
given the nature of rapidly changing overseas events and unforeseen emergencies, it
is necessary to make supplemental requests for what it asserts are unexpected and
non-recurring expenses.
Some congressional leaders have said that an additional supplemental bill may
be considered later in 2008. In the meantime, nearly $2.4 billion in international
affairs funding requested in the supplemental was included in an omnibus FY2008
appropriations bill. H.R. 2764, the State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Appropriation bill, was the vehicle used to accommodate 11 outstanding
appropriations measures for both regular FY2008 and supplemental funding. The
omnibus also included supplemental funding for military operations. For further
information, see CRS Report RL34278 FY2008 Supplemental Appropriations for
Global War on Terror Military Operations, International Affairs, and Other
Purposes.
This report will be updated.

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Contents
Recent Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
International Affairs Emergency Supplemental Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
State Department Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Congressional Action on State Department Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Foreign Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Congressional Action on Foreign Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Iraq Reconstruction Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Administration Supplemental Request for Iraq Reconstruction . . . . . . 7
Congressional Action on Iraq Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Afghanistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
The FY2008 Original and Amended Emergency Supplemental
Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Congressional Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
The FY2008 Original and Amended Supplemental Request . . . . . . . . 15
Congressional Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
FY2008 Additional Emergency Supplemental Request . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Congressional Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Mexico and Central America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
West Bank and Gaza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
North Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Other Humanitarian Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Congressional Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Appendix A. FY2008 Emergency Supplemental Request, State Department
and Foreign Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
List of Tables
Table 1. FY2008 Emergency Supplemental State Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Table 2. FY2008 Foreign Operations Emergency Supplemental . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Table 3. FY2008 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for
Iraq Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 4. Afghanistan Aid, FY2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Table 5. Sudan Emergency Supplemental, FY2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

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FY2008 Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations for International Affairs
Recent Developments
On December 26, 2007, the President signed into law the FY2008 Consolidated
Appropriations Act (H.R. 2764/P.L. 110-161; hereafter referred to as the “Act”)
providing funding for most government operations for which regular FY2008
appropriations bills — 11 in all — had not been enacted. The measure also included
$2.385 billion in emergency international affairs spending in addition to emergency
funds for military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.
H.R. 2764, the State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Act for
FY2008, was the vehicle used for the omnibus bill because it had been previously
approved by both the House and Senate. The House passed the amended version on
December 17, 2007. The Senate took up the House-passed bill the following day and
added an additional $40 billion in emergency military spending for operations in Iraq
and Afghanistan in addition to the $31 billion provided by the House that was
restricted to operations in Afghanistan. The House then approved the final version
on December 19. International affairs programs comprise Division J of the omnibus
bill and include both regular and supplemental appropriations. In order to meet
budget targets, appropriations in Division J are subject to a 0.81 across-the-board cut.
The reduction does not affect emergency supplemental funds.
Supplemental funds for international affairs in the Act total $2.385 billion for
both State Department operations ($1.262 billion) and Foreign Operations ($1.123
billion). The Act also provides supplemental military funding for operations in
Afghanistan and Iraq. For more information on all the provisions of the Act, see
CRS Report RL34278 FY2008 Supplemental Appropriations for Global War on
Terror Military Operations, International Affairs, and Other Purposes.
Supplemental funds for State Department accounts include:
! $781.6 million for Diplomatic and Consular Programs — $575.0
million for operations and $206.6 million for worldwide security
protection;
! $468.0 million for Contributions to International Peacekeeping for
activities in Darfur; and
! $12.0 million for International Broadcasting.

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Supplemental funds for Foreign Operations accounts include:
! $115 million for Global Health & Child Survival;
! $110 million for International Disaster Assistance;
! $20.8 million for USAID Operating Expenses for Iraq;
! $542.6 million for Economic Support Fund;
! $200 million for Migration and Refugee Assistance;
! $100 million for Foreign Military Financing; and
! $35 million for Peacekeeping Operations.
Approximately $4.5 billion of the President’s emergency request remains
outstanding. Congressional leaders have stated that an additional supplemental
measure could be considered in the spring of 2008. Remaining items include
additional sums for foreign aid activities in Iraq and Afghanistan, and a major new
counter-narcotics initiative in Mexico and Central America. For State Department
operations, outstanding items include additional funds for Diplomatic and Consular
Programs security upgrades, and Contributions to International Peacekeeping
Activities.
International Affairs Emergency
Supplemental Request
On February 6, 2007, the Administration sent to Congress its regular FY2008
budget that included $35.1 billion for international affairs. At the same time, the
President sent Congress an FY2008 emergency supplemental request of $3.301
billion for international affairs. On October 22, 2007, the Administration amended
its supplemental request with $3.596 billion in additional spending. The total
FY2008 emergency supplemental request for international affairs spending amounts
to $6.897 billion. While the largest portion of the total request is for State
Department operations and foreign assistance in Iraq and Afghanistan, it also
includes sizeable requests for programs in Mexico, the West Bank and Gaza, North
Korea, Sudan, and Pakistan.
The State Department estimates emergency supplemental funding needs of
$3.220 billion for Diplomatic and Consular Programs (DCP) in Iraq and Afghanistan,
Worldwide Security Upgrades in Afghanistan, staff housing in Afghanistan,
Contributions to International Organizations, and Contributions to International
Peacekeeping Activities (CIPA) for Darfur. Two-thirds ($2.1 billion) of the State
Department request is for Diplomatic and Consular Program funding for Iraq
Operations. Foreign Operations comprise $3.678 billion, including $350 million for
P.L. 480 food assistance. Nearly half of the total foreign operations package is
allocated for assistance in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The Bush Administration has increasingly requested emergency supplemental
funds for international affairs budgets. Some budget experts and others have
criticized the Administration for relying too heavily on supplementals, and that some
items, particularly relating to Iraq and Afghanistan, have become routine and should
be incorporated into the regular appropriations cycle. The Administration counters

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that given the nature of rapidly changing overseas events and unforeseen
emergencies, it is necessary to make emergency supplemental requests for what it
claims are unexpected and non-recurring expenses.
State Department Operations1
In February 2007, the original FY2008 State Department portion of the
emergency supplemental request consisted of $1.882 billion for Diplomatic and
Consular Programs, all for operations in Iraq, and $53 million for Contributions to
International Organizations (CIO). The Administration amended this supplemental,
adding nearly $1.3 billion: $401.4 million for Diplomatic and Consular Programs
(DCP), $160 million for Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance (ESCM),
and $723.6 million for Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities
(CIPA). Total emergency funds requested for FY2008 for the State Department’s
Administration of Foreign Affairs equal $3.220 billion in addition to the regular
budget request of $7.317 billion for the Administration of Foreign Affairs (Table 1).
Currently, the Mission in Iraq consists of more than 1,000 direct-hire Americans
representing 12 U.S. government agencies.2 For the Diplomatic and Consular
Programs account, the Department requested a total of $2.283 billion, of which
$2.120.6 billion is for emergency needs in Iraq. In addition, $402.6 million of
carryover funds are available, for a total of $2.523 billion for Iraq operations. Of this
sum, $978.7 million would pay for security needs, such as local guards ($151.6
million), compound guards ($164.0 million), regional security ($167.3 million),
personal security details ($301.4 million), armored vehicles ($41.2 million), physical
and technical security, such as vehicle barriers and bomb detective dogs ($8.7
million), equipment, such as bullet proof vests, ammunition, and masks ($6.4
million), other support, such as special agents traveling to Iraq and counterterrorism
training ($28.1 million), and overhead cover protection to bolster rooftops ($110.0
million). Another $907.1 million would go toward Provincial Reconstruction Teams
(PRTs), paying salaries ($187.6 million), operations ($63.8 million), living
accommodations and medical support ($72.1 million), information technology ($60.3
million), vehicles ($3.3 million), security ($516.8 million) and leases of space in
Baghdad ($3.2 million).
The Administration also sought $162.4 million for worldwide security upgrades
in Afghanistan. Of this amount, $80 million would pay for securing facilities,
including overhead (roof) protection; $38 million would be for high threat protection
teams and support for the election process; $36.5 million would fund unbudgeted
security costs for other agencies; and $7.9 million would buy fully armored vehicles
for the embassy and PRTs. Other expenses covered by the FY2008 emergency
supplemental request for the Department of State included $160 million for U.S. staff
housing in Afghanistan under the Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance
account, $53 million for U.S. assessments for U.N. activities related to combat
1 Prepared by Susan B. Epstein, Specialist in Foreign Policy.
2 For more information, see CRS Report RS21867, U.S. Embassy in Iraq.

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CRS-4
terrorism, and $723.6 million for U.S. Contributions for International Peacekeeping
activities in Darfur.
Table 1. FY2008 Emergency Supplemental State Department

(millions of U.S. dollars)
Original
Amended
Total
Final
Regular
FY2008
FY2008
FY2008
Supp.
Request
Supp.
Supp.
Supp.
H.R. 2764
Activity
FY2008
Request
Request
Request
PL110-161
Total for Administration
of Foreign Affairs
7,317.1a
1,934.6
1,285.0
3,219.6
1,261.6
Diplomatic & Consular
4,942.7
1,881.6
401.4
2,283.0
781.6
Programs Iraq Operations
—
(1,881.6)
(239.0)
(2,120.6)
(575.0)
Worldwide Security
(964.8)
—
(162.4)
(162.4)
(206.6)
Protection
Embassy Security,
Construction & Maintenance
1,599.4b
—
160.0
160.0
—
Contributions to International
Organizations
1,354.4
53.0
—
53.0
—
Contributions to International
Peacekeeping
1,107.0
—
723.6
723.6
468.0
Broadcasting
668.2
—
—
—
12.0
Total
9,003.5
1,934.6
1,285.0
3,219.6
1,261.6
a. Includes other funds not listed in this table.
b. Includes worldwide security upgrade funds for embassies.
Congressional Action on State Department Operations. Congress
provided both regular funding and supplemental funding for the Department of State
and the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) in the omnibus appropriation. The
enacted law contains $1.262 billion in supplemental funds for the Department of
State — $781.6 million for State’s Diplomatic and Consular Programs (D&CP) and
$468.0 million for U.S. Contributions to International Peacekeeping (CIPA). In both
accounts, the emergency supplemental amounts are significantly less than what the
Administration had requested. Of the $781.6 million for D&CP, $575.0 million is
specified for Iraq operations and $206.6 million is for worldwide security protection.
The appropriation does not require any specific allocation for the CIPA emergency
supplemental funds, although the measure states that “not less than $550.4 million
be used to establish a new United Nations/African Union hybrid peacekeeping
mission to Darfur (UNAMID).” According to Department of State officials, $390
million will be allocated for Darfur and $78 million for FY2008 U.N. Peacekeeping
funds. The remaining $333.6 million will be allocated by the State Department for
Darfur, according to Department sources.

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Emergency supplemental funds for the BBG total $12.0 million in the
consolidated appropriation. No funds for international broadcasting were requested
in the Administration’s emergency supplemental request. While the provision lists
general funding allocations for BBG, no requirements for specific allocation of the
supplemental funds is mentioned.
Foreign Operations3
The Foreign Operations portion, totaling $3.678 billion, of the supplemental
request was sent to Congress in two tranches. A $1.367 billion request accompanied
the President’s budget on February 6, 2007. An amended request for $2.311 billion,
including P.L. 480 food aid, was sent to Congress on October 22nd. Approximately
one-third of the request was made up of $2.217 billion in Economic Support Funds
(ESF) for Iraq ($797 million), Afghanistan ($834 million), West Bank and Gaza
($350 million), North Korea ($106 million), Sudan ($70 million) and Pakistan ($60
million). (See Table 2 for full request.)
Anti-narcotics emergency supplemental funding for FY2008 totaled a requested
$734 million, the largest portion allocated for Mexico and Central America ($550
million). Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA) totaled $230 million, mainly for
Iraqi and Palestinian refugees. International Disaster and Famine Assistance (IDFA),
totaling $80 million, would fund programs in Iraq to assist internally displaced
persons (IDPs). The request also includes $5 million for the Afghanistan Presidential
Protection Service from the Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining and Related
Programs (NADR) account. A $350 million request for P.L. 480 food aid would
support programs in the Horn of Africa, Kenya, Sudan, and a $30 million
contingency fund to anticipate future needs elsewhere.
Congressional Action on Foreign Operations. Congress approved
$1.123 billion in emergency supplemental funds for foreign operations in the
omnibus bill in addition to regular FY2008 funding. In many instances, the amounts
approved for emergency funds are less than that requested, making it difficult to
ascertain what parts of the request will be funded. For example, the White House
had requested approximately $2.2 billion in ESF funds for six recipients, but the
legislation is not explicit, in every instance, as to where these funds should be
directed, presumably leaving some discretion to the Administration. Supplemental
funds approved by Congress include
! $115 million for Global Health & Child Survival (no CSH funds
were requested);
! $110 million for International Disaster Assistance ($80 million had
been requested for activities in Iraq);
! $20.8 million for USAID Operating Expenses ($62 million was
requested for operations in Iraq and Afghanistan);
! $542.6 million for Economic Support Fund ($2.2 billion had been
requested for Iraq Afghanistan, the West Bank and Gaza, Pakistan,
North Korea, and Sudan);
3 Prepared by Connie Veillette, Specialist in Foreign Assistance.

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! $200 million for Migration and Refugee Assistance for Iraqi
refugees and Palestinian refugees in Lebanon, and the West Bank
and Gaza ($230 million was requested);
! $100 million for Foreign Military Financing (no FMF funds were
requested); and
! $35 million for Peacekeeping Operations (no PKO funds were
requested).
No supplemental funds were provided for counter-narcotics programs requested
for Mexico and Central America, and the West Bank and Gaza.
Table 2. FY2008 Foreign Operations Emergency Supplemental
(millions of U.S. dollars)
Finalb
FY2008
FY2008
FY2008
Total
Supp
Regular
Original
Amended
Supp.
HR2764
Country/Account
Request
Request
Request
Request
PL110-161
Afghanistan
1,067.1a
855.0
na
ESF
693.0
339.0
495.0
834.0

NADR
21.7
0.0
5.0
5.0
USAID Operating Expenses
—
16.0
0.0
16.0
Iraq
391.8a
1,276.8
na
ESF
298.0
772.0
25.0
797.0

INCLE
75.8
159.0
0.0
159.0
IDFA
—
0.0
80.0
80.0
MRA
—
35.0
160.0
195.0
USAID Operating Expenses
—
45.8
0.0
45.8
Mexico — Central America
220.4a
550.0
0.0
Initiative
INCLE
31.7
0.0
550.0
550.0
West Bank/Gaza
77.0a
410.0
na
INCLE
3.5
0.0
25.0
25.0
MRA
—
0.0
35.0
35.0
ESF
63.5
0.0
350.0
350.0
Pakistan
785.0a
60.0
na
ESF
382.9
0.0
60.0
60.0
North Korea
2.0
106.0
na
ESF
2.0
0.0
106.0
106.0
Sudan
679.2a
145.0
na
ESF
245.9
0.0
70.0
70.0
PL480
245.0
0.0
75.0
75.0
Horn of Africa/Kenya
—
110.0

PL480
7.0
0.0
110.0
110.0
0.0
Southern Africa
—
135.0
PL480
—
0.0
135.0
135.0
0.0
PL480 — Unallocated
1,219.4
0.0
30.0
30.0
0.0
CSH — Unallocated
1,564.3
—
—
—
115.0
FMF — Unallocated
4,536.0
—
—
—
100.0
PKO — Unallocated
221.2
—
—
—
35.0
Total
4,439.9
1,366.8
2,311.0
3,677.8
1,123.4
Notes: Figures do not include State Department Operations. Acronyms: ESF-Economic Support
Fund; INCLE-International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement; IDFA-International Disaster and
Famine Assistance; MRA-Migration and Refugee Assistance; NADR-Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism,

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Demining, and Related Programs; and PL480-Food for Peace; USAID-U.S. Agency for International
Development.
a. Country totals include other accounts for which supplemental funds were not requested.
b. Some supplemental funds were not designated in the Joint Explanatory Statement accompanying
H.R. 2764 with regard to destination, and are marked as “na.” As more information becomes
available, this table will be updated.
Iraq Reconstruction Assistance4
Until the passage of the omnibus FY2008 appropriations bill, nearly $42 billion
in U.S. funds had been appropriated to support all facets of Iraq reconstruction.
Almost all this funding was appropriated in annual supplemental legislation. For
FY2008, the Administration made no request for security assistance in its regular
Defense budget proposal, but asked for roughly $392 million under State and Foreign
Operations appropriations. In both the June 2007-approved House and September
2007-approved Senate versions of the FY2008 State and Foreign Operations
legislation (H.R. 2764), Congress rejected the Administration request for Iraq.
Therefore, funding for Iraq reconstruction in FY2008 was expected to come almost
entirely from an emergency supplemental measure.
Administration Supplemental Request for Iraq Reconstruction. The
Administration’s FY2008 emergency supplemental appropriations request, revised
on October 22, included $4.9 billion in funding for Iraq reconstruction.
Reconstruction aid has two main components — security aid funded with
Department of Defense (DOD) appropriations and political/economic/social sector
assistance funded with State and Foreign Operations appropriations.
The request for DOD reconstruction appropriations totaled about $3.7 billion.
It would chiefly fund the training and equipping of Iraqi troops under the Iraq
Security Forces Fund (ISFF) and reconstruction grants provided under the
Commander’s Emergency Response Program (CERP). The CERP allows military
civil affairs officers to support a wide variety of economic activities at the local level,
from renovating health clinics to digging wells to painting schools, provided in the
form of small grants. CERP also funds some infrastructure efforts no longer
supported with other U.S. assistance, such as repair or provision of electric generators
and construction of sewer systems. Commanders are able to identify needs and
dispense aid with few bureaucratic encumbrances.
The October budget revision added a $100 million request to the DOD-funded
Iraq Freedom Fund account for the Task Force to Improve Business and Stability
Operations in Iraq. The Task Force, funded at $50 million under the previous
supplemental appropriations legislation, seeks to stimulate the economy and create
employment for Iraqi citizens by rehabilitating some of the roughly 200 state-owned
enterprises that comprised a large portion of the Iraqi economy prior to the U.S.
occupation. News reports have suggested some difficulty with the program, resulting
4 Prepared by Curt Tarnoff, Specialist in Foreign Affairs. For more detailed discussion of
the U.S. program of assistance to Iraq, see CRS Report RL31833, Iraq: Reconstruction
Assistance.

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from the lack of electricity, the insecure environment, and a lack of enthusiasm from
U.S. companies that had been expected to invest in the facilities, among other
reasons.5
Under the State and Foreign Operations appropriations budget, the FY2008
emergency supplemental request would direct $1.2 billion toward Iraq — $797
million in the Economic Support Fund (ESF), $159 million in the International
Narcotics and Law Enforcement (INCLE), and $195 million in the Migration and
Refugee Assistance (MRA), and $80 million in the International Disaster and Famine
Assistance (IDFA) accounts. ESF is the primary source of funding for the assistance
provided by the Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs), which have grown under
the surge to more than 25, including 15 newly established ePRTs (embedded PRTs)
embedded with U.S. combat battalions and concentrated mostly in Baghdad and
Anbar province. The ePRTs are intended to help stabilize areas secured by U.S. and
Iraqi forces. PRTs are expected to help stabilize an area by supporting local small-
scale, employment-generating, economic projects, using ESF-funded community
development grants, job training and micro-loan programs, among other activities.
PRTs also utilize ESF to increase the capacities of local government officials to
spend Iraqi-owned capital funds allocated by the Iraqi government for infrastructure
programs. At the national level, ESF supports Ministerial capacity development,
agriculture and private sector reform, and the strengthening of democratization
efforts.
The October budget revision added another $25 million to the ESF supplemental
request and proposed authorization language to allow the Administration to establish
a new Iraq enterprise fund based on the model created for east Europe and the former
Soviet Union. Enterprise funds are U.S. government-funded private sector-run
bodies that primarily provide loans or equity investments to small and medium
business. In the former communist countries, enterprise funds also encouraged
growth of the private sector, including support for mortgage lending markets and
establishment of private equity funds. The most successful example, the Polish
Fund, made many profitable investments, helping companies grow that otherwise
were unable to obtain financial support in the period just after the fall of communism.
Some of the funds, however, have been much less successful, either by taking on
poor investment risks, or unable to locate promising businesses because of the poor
business climate or competition from other private sector funding sources. Some
observers question the usefulness of the funds because their ostensible development
purpose seems often to conflict with pressures for economic profit.
The INCLE account largely would support rule of law and corrections programs.
The Administration request was expected to fund prison construction, something that
Congress has sometimes cut from previous requests. The request was also intended
to extend judicial reform and anticorruption efforts to the provinces. The MRA
request would address the continuing refugee crisis in the region; an estimated 2.0
million Iraqis have fled the country and another 2.2 million have been displaced due
5 “U.S. Falters in Bid to Boost Iraqi Business,” Washington Post, August 24, 2007; “In Iraq,
One Man’s Mission Impossible,” CNN Money.com, September 4, 2007.

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to sectarian violence and instability. The IDFA program would provide medical care,
food, shelter and other relief to refugees and displaced people.
FY2008 emergency funds were also requested for operational costs (not
included in the reconstruction aid total or in Table 8) for staffing and administering
reconstruction programs: $679 million for PRT and $45.8 million for USAID
operations.
Congressional Action on Iraq Reconstruction. In its consideration of
the regular and supplemental requests for Iraq reconstruction, Congress treated the
two facets of reconstruction — security and economic — quite differently. On the
one hand, Congress did provide a substantial part of the Administration’s Defense
appropriations supplemental request for security reconstruction aid. It appropriated
half of the request for the Iraq Security Forces Fund and nearly half of the request for
the CERP. It also provided sufficient funding to support the request under the Iraq
Freedom Fund for the Task Force that subsidizes the activities of Iraqi state-owned
enterprises.
On the other hand, with a few discrete exceptions — all involving humanitarian
programs — Congress, in section 699K of Division J (the State and Foreign
Operations part of the omnibus appropriations), specifically rejected almost all
regular or supplemental economic assistance to Iraq. It approved efforts to fund
humanitarian demining (drawing on regular NADR funds), assist refugees and
internally displaced persons (drawing on supplemental MRA funds), and offer
disaster relief (drawing on supplemental IDFA funds), and it provided $5 million
(pre-rescission) for the Marla Ruzicka War Victims Fund, and $10 million (pre-
rescission) for the rescue of Iraqi scholars (drawing on regular ESF funds).
In the end, Congress appropriated 24% of the total International Affairs budget
supplemental request for Iraq reconstruction. The nearly $1 billion shortfall in the
supplemental request for ESF and INCLE funds will likely be considered when the
second tranche of the FY2008 supplemental is deliberated in 2008. But, until then,
U.S. funding for PRT operations and programs and a wide range of other programs
designed to support the surge and enhance the capacity of the Iraqi government to
address its own social needs will have to rely on previously appropriated funds.

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CRS-10
Table 3. FY2008 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations
for Iraq Reconstruction
(millions of U.S. dollars)
International Affairs (Budget Function 150 Accounts)
Administration
H.R. 2764
Request
(PL110-161)
Economic Support Fund (ESF)
797.0
0.0c
International Narcotics Control and Law
Enforcement (INCLE)
159.0
0.0 d
Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA)
195.0
195.0e
International Disaster and Famine Assistance
(IDFA)
80.0 80.0
f
TOTAL 150 Account
1,231.0
290.0
Department of Defense (Budget Function 050 Accounts)
Iraq Security Forces Fund (ISFF)
3,000.0
1,500.0
Commander’s Emergency Response Program
(CERP)
609.7a
250.0g
Iraq Freedom Fund (for Task Force to
Improve Business)
100.0
100.0h
TOTAL 050 Account
3,709.7
1,850.0
GRAND TOTAL
150 & 050
4,940.0b
2,140.0
Sources: Department of State and DOD FY2008 Congressional Budget Justifications; H.R. 2764.
a. The total CERP request of $1,219.4 million is for both Iraq and Afghanistan. The amount included
here assumes that half will be used in Iraq.
b. Not included are requests of $45.8 million in USAID Iraq operational expenses (OE) and $679
million for PRT OE. H.R. 2764 provided USAID with $20.8 million in OE. Appropriated
amounts provided for PRTs were combined with Embassy OE (total $575 million).
c. $5 million and $10 million in ESF were appropriated respectively for War Victims Fund and for
Iraqi scholar rescue. Assumes these sums will come from regular FY2008 appropriations.
d. No funds provided.
e. Unspecified amount can be drawn from total supplemental MRA appropriation of $200 million
(total account request was $230 million). Table assumes request level is met.
f . Total supplemental IDFA appropriation request was $80 million. H.R. 2764 provides $110 million
for Iraq and other countries affected by disasters.
g. Up to $500 million from any Defense account can be used for both Iraq and Afghanistan CERP.
The amount here assumes half will be used in Iraq.
h. The Task Force is not specifically earmarked, but the account is funded well over the request.

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CRS-11
Afghanistan6
Background. Afghanistan’s political transition was completed with the
convening of a parliament in December 2005, but in 2006 insurgent threats to
Afghanistan’s government escalated to the point that some experts began questioning
the success of U.S. stabilization efforts. In the political process, a new constitution
was adopted in January 2004, successful presidential elections were held on October
9, 2004, and parliamentary elections took place on September 18, 2005. The
parliament has become an arena for factions that have fought each other for nearly
three decades to debate and peacefully resolve differences. Afghan citizens have
started to enjoy new personal freedoms, particularly in the northern and western
regions of the country, that were forbidden under the Taliban. Women are
participating in economic and political life, including as ministers, provincial
governors, and senior levels of the new parliament. The next elections are planned
for 2009.
The insurgency led by remnants of the former Taliban regime escalated in 2006,
after several years in which it appeared the Taliban was mostly defeated. U.S. and
NATO military commanders have had recent successes in counter-insurgency
operations, but the Taliban continues to present a considerable threat to peace and
security in parts of Afghanistan. Slow reconstruction, corruption, and the failure to
extend Afghan government authority into rural areas and provinces, particularly in
the south and east, have contributed to the Taliban resurgence. In recent months,
political leadership in the more stable northern part of the country have registered
concerns about distribution of reconstruction funding. In addition, narcotics
trafficking is resisting counter-measures, and independent militias remain throughout
the country, although many have been disarmed. Also, the Afghan government and
U.S. officials have said that some Taliban commanders are operating from Pakistan,
putting them outside the reach of U.S./NATO forces in Afghanistan. In 2007, the
Administration unveiled a new initiative, Reconstruction Opportunity Zones (ROZ)
in Afghanistan and the border regions with Pakistan to stimulate economic activity
in underdeveloped, isolated regions.
The United States and partner stabilization measures focus on strengthening the
central government and its security forces and on promoting reconstruction while
combating the renewed insurgent challenge. As part of this effort, the international
community has been running PRTs to secure reconstruction. Despite these efforts,
weak provincial governance is seen as a key obstacle to a democratic Afghanistan
and continues to pose a threat to reconstruction and stabilization efforts.
The FY2008 Original and Amended Emergency Supplemental
Request. The Administration requested a total of $355 million in the FY2008
emergency supplemental funds for Afghanistan in February 2007. These included
ESF ($339 million) and security requirements for USAID ($16 million). The
Administration amended the FY2008 supplemental request, increasing it by $483.4
million (for a total request of $838.4 million), which included several provisions
6 Prepared by Rhoda Margesson, Specialist in International Humanitarian Policy, and
Kenneth Katzman, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs.

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CRS-12
intended to continue U.S. efforts to stabilize Afghanistan and continue economic
reconstruction efforts, but most of the increase was for embassy operations and
security7 (see Table 4).
Key elements of the FY2008 emergency supplemental request included $495
million in Economic Support Funds (ESF) for democratic governance and
reconstruction efforts to continue security and development strategy (an increase of
$156 million over the original FY2008 emergency supplemental request of $339
million), which would be allocated as follows:
! $275 million would be used to strengthen provincial governance and
responsiveness to the Afghan people. Funding would support a wide
range of programs, preparation activities for the 2009 election and
ongoing programs, such as the National Solidarity Program ($40
million), the Afghanistan Reconstruction Fund ($25 million), and
the Provincial Governance Fund ($50 million);
! $50 million would be used as part of an effort to invest in basic
social services, such as health and education, particularly in rural
areas; and
! $170 million would be made available for economic growth and
infrastructure, including the development of power sector projects
($115 million); road projects ($50 million) focused on those
segments that are of strategic military importance and provide key
connections between the central and provincial government capitals;
and funding to support Reconstruction Opportunity Zones ($5
million) in designated economically isolated areas and create
employment alternatives.
In addition to the ESF funding, the request includes:
! $162.4 million to support Diplomatic and Consular Programs (DCP)
in Afghanistan as part of a worldwide security upgrade in the Global
War on Terror. Allocations of this request would go for security
operations ($38 million); secure facilities ($80 million); other
agencies’ unbudgeted security costs ($36.5 million); and fully
armored vehicles ($7.9 million);
! $160 million to support embassy security, construction and
maintenance, mainly housing for U.S. mission staff in Afghanistan;
7 Funding figures obtained from the FY2008 Revised Emergency Proposal dated October
22, 2007; the proposed Budget for Fiscal Year 2008 (“Additional 2007 and 2008
Proposals”) submitted in February 2007; and the Supplemental Appropriations Justification
Fiscal Year 2008 prepared by the Department of State and USAID.

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CRS-13
! $5 million in Non-proliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining and
Related Programs (NADR) to support the Afghan leadership through
the Presidential Protection Service;
! $53 million for Contributions to International Organizations (CIO)
to pay U.S. assessments toward the U.N. Assistance Mission in
Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the U.N. Assistance Mission in Iraq
(UNAMI), both of which are paid for out of the U.N. regular budget
(and the United States’ obligation is 22 percent); and
! $16 million for FY2008 security requirements for USAID operations
in Afghanistan. This item was part of the FY2008 emergency
supplemental request.
Congressional Action. Congress included emergency supplemental funding
in the omnibus FY2008 appropriations bill (H.R. 2764, P.L. 110-61). Of the
emergency supplemental funds, it is unclear how much of each account will be
allocated to Afghanistan. Under ESF, $542.57 million is designated an emergency
for urgent assistance requirements in the West Bank, North Korea, Jordan, and
Afghanistan. In Afghanistan, it is unclear whether this includes $75 million to
benefit women and girls, a $300 million limit subject to counter-narcotics
cooperation certification, or $10 million in P.L 480 Title II food aid. It is also
unclear whether any other infrastructure items requested in the emergency
supplemental under ESF will be funded.

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CRS-14
Table 4. Afghanistan Aid, FY2008
(millions of U.S. dollars)
Regular
Original
Amended
Total
Finala
FY2008
FY2008
FY2008
FY2008
Supp H.R.
Activity
budget
Supp
Supp
Supp
2764
(appropriation account)
Request
Request
Request
Request
PL110-161
Infrastructure aid (ESF)
693.0
339.0
495.0
495.0
na
U.S. mission security (DCP)
—
—
162.4
162.4
na
U.S. Embassy Security,
—
—
160.0
160.0
na
Construction, Maintenance
USAID mission security (OE)
—
16.0
—
16.0
na
Nonproliferation (NADR)
21.7
—
5.0
5.0
—
Narcotics/ Law Enforce. (INCLE)
274.8
—
—
—
—
Health (CSH)
65.9
—
—
—
—
Military Education (IMET)
1.7
—
—
—
—
Total
989.5
355.0
822.4
838.4
na
Source: FY2007 and FY2008 budget materials.
Notes: Data in this table reflect ongoing and FY2008 proposed funding for programs the same as or
similar to those requested in the FY2007 supplemental. The total line does not represent total aid or
mission operations for Afghanistan. Excluded from this table is proposed funding requested for FBI
operations in Afghanistan. P.L. 480 - Title II emergency food aid funds are included in a total
appropriation of $200 million available for missions in Afghanistan and parts of Africa.
Acronyms: ESF-Economic Support Fund, MRA-Migration and Refugee Assistance, DCP-Diplomatic
and Consular Programs, OE-Operating Expenses, NADR-Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining,
and Related Programs, and INCLE-International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement, IDFA-
International Disaster and Famine Assistance, CSH-Child Survival and Health, and IMET-
International Military Education and Training.
a. Some supplemental funds were not designated in the Joint Explanatory Statement accompanying
H.R. 2764 with regard to destination, and are marked as “na.” As more information becomes
available, this table will be updated.
Pakistan8
The Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) are considered strategically
important to combating terrorism while continued terrorist and militant activities in
the frontier region remain a threat to U.S interests in Afghanistan. The Government
of Pakistan has developed a FATA Sustainable Development Plan to be implemented
over 10 years. In support of this plan, the State Department and the U.S. Agency for
International Development have put forward a five-year $750 million development
8 Prepared by Rhoda Margesson, Specialist in International Humanitarian Policy.

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CRS-15
assistance strategy for the frontier region (a pledge of $150 million per year) that
complements the Government of Pakistan’s plan.9 The Frontier Strategy objectives
are to improve economic and social conditions in the Federally Administered Tribal
Areas in order to address the region’s use by terrorists and militants. Programs
would include governance, health and education services, and economic
development, such as agricultural productivity, infrastructure rehabilitation, credit,
and vocational training.
On November 4, 2007, President Musharraf imposed emergency rule and
suspended Pakistan’s constitution. In light of these events, the Administration
announced a review of U.S. assistance. On December 27, opposition figure Benazir
Bhutto was assassinated.
The FY2008 Original and Amended Supplemental Request. The
Administration did not request funding for Pakistan in its original FY2008
emergency supplemental request in February 2007. The FY2008 regular budget
request asked for $90 million for the frontier region development plan, which left a
gap of $60 million in the overall U.S. pledge of $150 million. The FY2008
additional supplemental request for $60 million in Economic Support Fund would
address this funding gap and meet the full pledge as follows: Investment in
governance and planning ($13 million); health and education programs ($15 million);
and local economic development ($32 million). The $60 million emergency
supplemental request is in addition to the $785 million requested in the regular
FY2008 budget from various accounts.
Congressional Action. Congress included emergency supplemental funding
in the omnibus FY2008 appropriations bill (H.R. 2764, P.L. 110-61). Congress
included a total of $542.6 billion in emergency ESF funds. As bill language and the
Joint Explanatory Statement did not specify an allocation for Pakistan, it is unclear
how much of the $60 million request will be funded.
Sudan10
The Administration sought a total of $868.6 million in emergency supplemental
funds for Sudan, most of which would be for humanitarian and peacekeeping support
in the Darfur region. No funding was requested for Sudan in the original FY2008
emergency supplemental, but the country is scheduled to receive $321 million for
assistance in the regular FY2008 budget.
FY2008 Additional Emergency Supplemental Request. Major
elements of the FY2008 additional emergency supplemental included the following:
! A $70 million request in ESF funds for Sudan to support upcoming
national elections that are to take place before July 2009, according
to the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement between north and
9 For more detail on Pakistan, see CRS Report RL33498, Pakistan-U.S. Relations.
10 Prepared by Rhoda Margesson, Specialist in International Humanitarian Policy.

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CRS-16
south Sudan. Part of the effort will focus on strengthening political
parties, drafting the electoral law, supporting an electoral
commission, promoting civic education, and supporting election-
related institutions and processes. The United Nations estimates that
the elections could cost nearly $400 million because of the logistical
hurdles in conducting elections in a post-conflict environment;
! $75 million for additional food assistance (P.L. 480, Title II) in the
Darfur region of Sudan and for those displaced in Eastern Chad.
! $723.6 million in support of the U.N. Assistance Mission in Darfur
(UNAMID). The U.N. assessment for the Darfur peacekeeping
force is estimated to be $3.4 billion in 2008. (The U.S. share will be
approximately $884 million.) The President has already requested
$391.1 million for the existing U.N. mission in Sudan (UNMIS), but
based on the 2007-2008 U.N. peacekeeping budget, the U.S. share
will be $280 million in FY2008. This leaves approximately $160
million for UNAMID, which represents a shortfall of $724 million.
Congressional Action. Congress included emergency supplemental funding
in the omnibus FY2008 appropriations bill (H.R. 2764, P.L. 110-61). It is unclear
how much of the consolidated appropriation is designated as emergency funding for
Sudan. Approximately $1 billion will be appropriated to Sudan in total, of which
$209 million is for critical humanitarian and peacekeeping programs in Darfur and
$550 million is to support the UN Mission to Darfur (UNAMID). The
Administration has reported its intention to allocate $390 million in Contributions
to International Peacekeeping (CIPA) funds for Darfur.
Table 5. Sudan Emergency Supplemental, FY2008
(millions of U.S. dollars)
FY2008
FY2008
FY2008
Finala
FY2008
Original
Amended
Supp
Supp
Activity
Regular
Supp
Supp
Request H.R. 2764
(appropriation account)
Request
Request
Request
Total
PL110-161
PL480, Title II food aid
—
—
75.0
75.0
—
AMIS (PKO)
41.4
—
—
—
—
U.N. peacekeeping mission/Darfur
—
—
723.6
723.6
390.0
(CIPA)
Economic Support Fund (ESF)
245.9
—
70.0
70.0
na
Foreign Military Financing (FMF)
0.1
—
—
—
na
Military Education/Training (IMET)
0.3
—
—
—
—
Narcotics Control/Law Enforce.
24.0
—
—
—
—
(INCLE)
Nonprolif./Anti-terrorism/Demining
4.0
—
—
—
—
Total
$315.7
$0.0
$868.6
$868.6
na
Source: FY2007and FY2008 budget materials. In addition, as part of the FY2007 supplemental
request, the Administration requested transfer authority from CIPA to PKO.

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CRS-17
Notes: Data in this table reflect ongoing funding for programs similar to those requested in the
FY2006 and FY2007 supplementals. The Total line does not represent total aid or mission
operations for Sudan. FY2007 ERMA funds include a total appropriation of $30 million available
for places such as Somalia, Chad, West Bank/Gaza, Iraq and Sri Lanka. The funds could also support
planning for Darfur refugee flows to Chad. PKO funds include an additional appropriation of $128
million to support anticipated peacekeeping in Africa, including Darfur.
Acronyms: IDFA-International Disaster and Famine Assistance, MRA-Migration and Refugee
Assistance, AMIS-African Union Mission, PKO-Peacekeeping Operations, CIPA-Contributions to
International Peacekeeping Activities, DCP-Diplomatic and Consular Programs, ESF-Economic
Support Fund.
a. Some supplemental funds were not designated in the Joint Explanatory Statement accompanying
H.R. 2764 with regard to destination, and are marked as “na.” As more information becomes
available, this table will be updated.
Mexico and Central America11
The emergency supplemental request included $550 million to meet the first
installment of a reportedly $1 billion-plus anti-narcotics package for the Mexico and
Central America Security Initiative. Composed entirely of funds from the
International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Account (INCLE), the
initiative is to address criminal gang and drug trafficking activities and to support
improved justice systems and rule of law programs. Mexico would see $500 million
of the initial package for border security technology and transport for law
enforcement and to improve judicial and prison systems. Countries in Central
America would receive $50 million to improve border security, deter the smuggling
of drugs, arms, and persons, and improve the justice sector and gang prevention
programs. Regular funding for Mexico totaled $65.4 million in FY2007 and a
requested $45.1 million in FY2008. The countries of Central America received
$134.8 million in FY2007 and are proposed to receive $146.5 million in FY2008.
Congress did not include this request in the FY2008 omnibus act.
West Bank and Gaza12
The FY2008 emergency supplemental request included $375 million to support
the Palestinian Authority (PA) government. The focus is on rule of law, economic
growth, and governance issues. The supplemental request was in addition to $77
million requested in the regular FY2008 budget and comes after a new PA
government was formed without Hamas control. Consisting largely of ESF funds,
$40 million is to address governance issues, $20 million would improve health care
services, $130 million is to support job creation, infrastructure, trade and investment,
and agriculture programs, and $150 million would consist of budget support in the
form of a cash transfer. An additional $25 million in INCLE funds would be used
to train and equip the Presidential Guards and National Security Force, and $35
11 Prepared by Connie Veillette, Specialist in Foreign Assistance. For more information, see
CRS Report RL34215, Mexico’s Drug Cartels, and CRS Report RL32724 Mexico-U.S.
Relations: Issues for Congress, by Colleen Cook.
12 For more information, see CRS Report RL34074 The Palestinian Territories: Background
and U.S. Relations, and CRS Report RS22370 U.S. Foreign Assistance to the Palestinians.

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CRS-18
million in MRA funds would be for Palestinian refugees in the West Bank and Gaza
and in refugee camps in Lebanon.
Congress included $542.6 million in emergency ESF but did not allocate those
funds by country. No emergency INCLE funds were provided. A total of $200
million in emergency MRA was provided; the request was $230 million, which
included $35 million for the West Bank and Gaza.
North Korea13
The Administration proposed $106 million in ESF funds for North Korea as a
result of commitments made as part of the Six Party Talks. In February 2007, North
Korea agreed to shut down and eventually abandon the Yongbyon nuclear facility,
to allow International Atomic Energy Agency monitors back in the country and to
disable all existing nuclear facilities. In return, the United States and other Six Party
Talks members (South Korea, China, Russia and Japan) agreed to provide 1 million
metric tons of heavy fuel oil, or the equivalent in other assistance, as North Korea
meets its commitments. The U.S. share is one-quarter of the 1 million metric tons,
or equivalent assistance. The total cost for the U.S. commitment is $131 million.
The President authorized $25 million in FY2007 supplemental funds, leaving $106
million that would be provided with the FY2008 supplemental funding.
The omnibus bill provided $53 million in ESF funds for North Korea but does
not designate them as emergency.
Other Humanitarian Assistance14
Although proposed aid packages for specific countries anticipate and identify
some humanitarian needs, the Administration also seeks funding for what its
describes are unmet or unforeseen humanitarian needs. Total funding is provided by
account with details on countries and activities:
! $350 million in additional P.L. 480 - Title II assistance to meet
emergency food needs in the Darfur region of Sudan ($75 million)
and elsewhere worldwide, including places such as southern Africa
($135 million), and the Horn of Africa and Kenya ($110 million);
! Contingency funding ($30 million) is requested for possible needs
elsewhere, including West Bank/Gaza and South Asia;
! $80 million for International Disaster and Famine Assistance (IDFA)
to support humanitarian assistance to internally displaced
populations in Iraq and their host communities; and
13 For more information, see CRS Report RL33590, North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons
Development and Diplomacy.
14 Prepared by Rhoda Margesson, Specialist in International Humanitarian Policy.

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CRS-19
! $230 million for Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA) for
anticipated and unanticipated refugee and migration emergencies.
$195 million is requested for humanitarian assistance to Iraqi
refugees. (This is an increase of $160 million for Iraqi refugees; $35
million was requested in the earlier version of the FY2008
emergency supplemental request.) In addition, $35 million is
requested for the emergency needs of Palestinian refugees in Gaza
and West Bank, and for Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon.
Congressional Action. Congress included emergency supplemental funding
in the omnibus FY2008 appropriations bill (H.R. 2764, P.L. 110-61). It is unclear
in a number of accounts how much of the consolidated appropriation is designated
as emergency funding. The act included $432.35 for International Disaster
Assistance (formerly IDFA), of which $110 million is designated as emergency
funding. The act includes additional funds to support the growing humanitarian
needs of person affected by violence in Iraq and relief and reconstruction assistance
to other countries affected by natural disasters or conflict. In addition, $200 million
is designated for MRA, and it is presumed this will apply to anticipated and
unanticipated refugee and migration emergencies.

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CRS-20
Appendix A. FY2008 Emergency Supplemental Request, State Department and Foreign
Operations
(millions of U.S. dollars)
FY2008
FY2008
Original
Second Emerg.
FY2008 Total
FY08
FY2008 Base
Emerg. Supp.
Supp.
Supp Funds
Consolidated
Account
Request
Request
Request
Requested
Supp Funds
State Department
Diplomatic & Consular Programs
4,942.7
1,881.6
401.4
2,283.0
781.6
Embassy Security, Construction, Maintenance
792.5
—
160.0
160.0
—
Contributions to International Organizations
1,354.4
53.0
—
53.0
—
Contributions to International Peacekeeping
1,107.0
—
723.6
723.6
468.0
Board for International Broadcasting
618.8
—
—
—
12.0
Total, State Department
8,196.6
1,934.6
1,285.0
3,219.6
1,261.6

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CRS-21
FY2008
FY2008
Original
Second Emerg.
FY2008 Total
FY08
FY2008 Base
Emerg. Supp.
Supp.
Supp Funds
Consolidated
Account
Request
Request
Request
Requested
Supp Funds
Foreign Operations
Economic Support Fund
3,319.6
1,111.0
1,106.0
2,217.0
542.6
International Narcotics Control/Law Enforcement
634.6
159.0
575.0
734.0
—
Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining
464.0
—
5.0
5.0
—
Migration and Refugee Assistance
773.5
35.0
195.0
230.0
200.0
International Disaster Assistance*
297.3
—
80.0
80.0
110.0
USAID Operating Expenses
609.0
61.8
—
61.8
20.8
Global Health/Child Survival
—
—
—
—
115.0
Foreign Military Financing
—
—
—
—
100.0
Peacekeeping Operations
—
—
—
—
35.0
Total, Foreign Operations
6,098.0
1,366.8
1,961.0
3,327.8
1,123.4
Total, State and Foreign Operations
14,294.6
3,301.4
3,246.0
6,547.4
2,385.0
P.L. 480 Food Aid
1,319.4
—
350.0
350.0
—
Notes: Table does not include all accounts in the State Department, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs appropriations bills. Accounts listed above are those for which emergency
supplemental funds are requested.
* The International Disaster Assistance account was previously called International Disaster and Famine Assistance

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