Order Code RL33831
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Legislation in the 110th Congress
Updated June 1, 2007
Fred Sissine
Specialist in Energy Policy
Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Anne Gillis
Information Research Specialist
Knowledge Services Group
Mark Gurevitz
Information Research Specialist
Knowledge Services Group

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Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Legislation
in the 110th Congress
Summary
This report reviews the status of energy efficiency and renewable energy
legislation introduced during the 110th Congress. Most action has focused on
legislation that has been combined into S. 1419, an omnibus energy policy bill. A
second area of focus has been on funding-related bills for energy efficiency and
renewable energy.
S. 1419, the proposed Renewable Fuels, Consumer Protection, and Energy
Efficiency Act of 2007, consists mainly of energy efficiency and renewable energy
provisions. Four bills were combined to create S. 1419. Titles I, II, and III were
taken from the proposed Energy Savings Act (S. 1321/H.R. 2556), as approved by the
Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Title IV was obtained from the
Public Buildings Cost Reduction Act (S. 992), as reported by the Senate Committee
on the Environment. Titles V and VI were taken from the Ten-in-Ten Fuel Economy
Act (S. 357), as amended by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation. Title VII was drawn from the Energy Diplomacy and Security Act (S.
193), as reported by the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations.
Two major funding-related legislative actions have taken place. The adopted
conference report on the budget resolution (S.Con.Res. 21) established a deficit-
neutral reserve fund for energy legislation, especially for energy efficiency and
renewable energy measures. Also, P.L. 110-5 provided about $1.47 billion in
FY2007 appropriations for DOE’s Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
Programs. This FY2007 funding is about $308 million more than the FY2006
appropriation. Further, the law eliminated all EERE earmarks and it set conditions
on the loan guarantee program created by Title 17 of the Energy Policy Act
(EPACT). The Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Bill (H.R. 1591) would
have added more funding for DOE’s FY2007 Geothermal Energy and Weatherization
Grants programs, but it was vetoed by the President.

More than 210 bills on energy efficiency and renewable energy were introduced
prior to the Memorial Day recess. About one-third of these bills are focused on
renewable fuels and about one-third would provide a tax incentive for investment,
energy production, fuel use, or fuel reduction. For each bill listed in this report, a
brief description and a summary of action are given, including references to
committee hearings and reports. Also, a selected list of congressional hearings, CRS
reports, and Government Accountability Office (GAO) documents on energy
efficiency and renewable energy are included. This report will be updated
periodically.

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Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Omnibus Energy Policy Bill (S. 1419) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Energy Savings Act (S. 1321/H.R. 2556) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Public Buildings Cost Reduction Act (S. 992) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Ten-in-Ten Fuel Economy Act (S. 357) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Energy Diplomacy and Security Act (S. 193) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Clean Renewable Energy Incentives Act (S. 1531) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Tax Incentives for Energy Conservation and Exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Investment Tax Credits for Solar Property and Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . 5
Major Funding-Related Bills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Energy Reserve Fund in the Budget Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
House Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Senate Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Conference Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
FY2007 Appropriations (P.L. 110-5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Public Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
House Bills (with Senate Companions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Senate Bills (with House Companions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Congressional Hearings, Reports, and Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Hearings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Senate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
CRS Reports and Memos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Transportation: Fuels and Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
109th Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Government Accountability Office (GAO) Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
List of Tables
Table 1. Action on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Legislation,
110th Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Table 2. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Bills by Topic, 110th
Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

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Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Legislation in the 110th Congress
Introduction
This report summarizes action on more than 210 energy efficiency and
renewable energy bills introduced during the 110th Congress.1 These bills cover a
wide range of policy and issue areas that include appropriations, authorizations,
budget, research and development (R&D), grants, loans, financing, regulation
(including a renewable fuel standard), tax incentives, goals, plans, impacts, and the
environment/climate change.2 Most of these bills have focused on grants and tax
incentives. The bills also cover a range of sectors and topics that include buildings,
defense, education, federal lands/energy management, farms, American Indians, and
international activities. Thus far, the sector of international activities has generated
the greatest number of bills. Table 2 groups the bills by topic.
The bills can also be categorized by type of renewable resource, type of energy
efficiency measure, and technology. They cover a broad range of energy efficiency
measures and technologies, including distributed generation, net metering, equipment
and appliance standards, fuel economy standards, and transportation efficiency. Most
of these bills address transportation and fuel economy. These bills also cover a broad
range of renewable energy resources and technologies, including alcohol fuels,
biofuels, biodiesel, biopower, biomass, geothermal, hydrogen, hydropower, solar, and
wind. So far, the fuels area has generated the greatest number of bills.
For each bill listed in this report, a brief description and a summary of action are
given, including references to committee hearings and reports.
1 This report is intended to complement CRS Report RL33599, Energy Efficiency Policy:
Budget, Electricity Conservation, and Fuel Conservation Issues, and CRS Report RL33588,
Renewable Energy Policy: Tax Credit, Budget, and Regulatory Issues, both by Fred Sissine.
2 Bills on climate change are discussed in CRS Report RL33846, Climate Change:
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Bills in the 110th Congress, by Larry Parker.

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CRS-2
Omnibus Energy Policy Bill (S. 1419)
The proposed Renewable Fuels, Consumer Protection, and Energy Efficiency
Act of 2007 (S. 1419) is an omnibus energy policy bill that consists mainly of
provisions for energy efficiency and renewable energy. The major titles of S. 1419
are:
! Title I — Biofuels for Energy Security and Transportation
! Title II — Energy Efficiency Promotion
! Title III — Carbon Capture and Storage R&D and Demonstration
! Title IV — Public Buildings Cost Reduction
! Title V — Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards
! Title VI — Price Gouging
! Title VII — Energy Diplomacy and Security.
S. 1419 was introduced on May 17, 2007. It was derived from four bills. These four
bills and the corresponding titles of S. 1419 are:
! Energy Savings Act (S. 1321/H.R. 2556), as reported by the Senate
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources: Titles I, II, and III
! Public Buildings Cost Reduction Act (S. 992), as amended and
reported by the Senate Committee on the Environment: Title IV
! Ten-in-Ten Fuel Economy Act (S. 357), as amended and reported by
the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation:
Titles V and VI
! Energy Diplomacy and Security Act (S. 193), as reported by the
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations: Title VII
A brief summary of each of these four bills follows.
Energy Savings Act (S. 1321/H.R. 2556)
The proposed Energy Savings Act of 2007 puts forth a broad range of proposals
on biofuels, energy efficiency, and carbon storage. The Senate Committee on Energy
and Natural Resources approved the Senate version of the bill by a vote of 20 to 3,
on May 7, 2007.3 An identical House bill, H.R. 2556, was introduced on May 24,
2007.
Title I, the Biofuels for Energy Security and Transportation Act, is taken
primarily from S. 987, with a few other provisions added in markup by the
Committee.4 That title would increase the renewable fuel standard, set some
standards for greenhouse gas emissions reductions, and provide support for fuel
infrastructure, feedstocks, and biorefineries.
3 The committee report, S.Rept. 110-65, is available at [http://energy.senate.gov/public/
_files/S1321Report.pdf].
4 S. 987 was introduced March 26, 2007. The Senate Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources held a hearing on April 12, 2007.

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CRS-3
Title II, the Energy Efficiency Promotion Act, is drawn primarily from S. 1115.5
That title would set some new standards for energy efficient equipment, establish
goals for fuel savings, strengthen federal energy efficiency requirements, and
authorize several new programs for vehicles and grants.
Title III, the Carbon Capture and Storage Research, Development, and
Demonstration Act, is taken primarily from S. 9626 and S. 731.7 That title would call
for large-scale testing of carbon dioxide (CO ) storage in geological formations,
2
establish competitive funding awards, direct that a national storage capacity
assessment be conducted, and require that the Department of Energy (DOE)
demonstrate the use of large-scale capture technologies at industrial facilities.
CRS Report RL34005, Energy Savings Act of 2007 (S. 1321): Summary of
Major Provisions, provides a more detailed summary.
Public Buildings Cost Reduction Act (S. 992)
The proposed Public Buildings Cost Reduction Act of 2007 would direct the
General Services Administration (GSA) to establish a program to speed the use of
cost-effective energy-efficient lighting equipment and other technologies and
practices. Further, GSA would be required to prepare a five-year plan to replace
inefficient lighting in GSA buildings using available funds. Also, an EPA matching
grant program would be created to help local governments renovate buildings to
improve energy efficiency. For this program, $20 million would be authorized.

Ten-in-Ten Fuel Economy Act (S. 357)
The proposed Ten-in-Ten Fuel Economy Act of 2007 would require that the
corporate average fuel economy standard (CAFE) for new cars and light trucks be
increased to 35 miles per gallon (mpg) by 2020 and require a 4% annual increase for
10 years thereafter. Starting in 2011, a 4% annual increase would also be required
for medium- and heavy-duty trucks. On May 8, 2007, the Senate Committee on
Commerce, Science, and Transportation marked up an amendment in the nature of
a substitute. With little debate, the amended bill was ordered reported by voice vote.
The reported bill also includes a controversial provision that would criminalize price
gouging in fuel markets during an energy emergency.
Energy Diplomacy and Security Act (S. 193)
The proposed Energy Diplomacy and Security Act of 2007 would express the
sense of Congress on several aspects of international energy cooperation, with a
5 S. 1115 was introduced April 16, 2007. The Senate Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources held a hearing on April 23, 2007.
6 S. 962 was introduced March 22, 2007. The Senate Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources held a hearing on April 16, 2007. H.R. 1933 is the House companion bill.
7 S. 731 was introduced March 1, 2007. The Senate Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources held a hearing on April 16, 2007. H.R. 1267 is the House companion bill.

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CRS-4
special emphasis on increasing the use of sustainable energy sources. The
Department of State would be encouraged to establish four new types of
administrative mechanisms. One type of mechanism would be strategic energy
partnerships with the governments of major energy producers and consumers, and
with governments of other countries. A second type would be petroleum crisis
response mechanisms with the governments of China and India. A third would be
a Western Hemisphere energy crisis response mechanism. A fourth would be a
regionally-based ministerial Hemisphere Energy Cooperation Forum. Also, the
Department of State would be encouraged to approach other governments in the
Western Hemisphere to cooperate in establishing a “Hemisphere Energy Industry
Group” of industry and government representatives, which would be coordinated by
the U.S. government.
The President would be encouraged to introduce the topic of “the merits of
establishing an international energy program application procedure” for discussion
at the Governing Board of the International Energy Agency. Also, the bill would
establish a “Hemisphere Energy Cooperation Forum,” that would be encouraged to
implement an Energy Crisis Initiative, an Energy Sustainability Initiative, and an
Energy for Development Initiative.
Clean Renewable Energy Incentives Act
(S. 1531)
The proposed Clean Renewable Energy and Economic Development Incentives
Act of 2007 (S. 1531) is an omnibus energy tax policy bill that consists mainly of
provisions for renewable energy. It has two titles. Title I proposes Tax Incentives for
Energy Conservation and Exploration. Title II proposes Investment Tax Credits with
Respect to Solar Energy Property and Manufacturing.
Tax Incentives for Energy Conservation and Exploration
Title I of S. 1531 would extend three existing tax incentives and establish six
new ones.8 Section 101 would extend the renewable energy electricity production tax
credit (PTC) for 10 years, to the end of 2018.9 For certain large facilities, such as
geothermal and biomass power plants, recognition of credit eligibility could be
extended for up to two years after the placed-in-service deadline.10 Section 102
8 The extensions are in §101, §102, and §106. The new incentives are in §103, §104, §105,
§107, §108,and §109.
9 The PTC provision of the Tax Relief Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-432, §201) will expire at the
end of 2008. The PTC was previously set by the Energy Policy Act (EPACT, §1301)
10 To qualify under this provision, such plants would have to fulfill two conditions. First,
the plant would have to be under construction at the time that the placed-in-service deadline
occurs. Second, the plant would have to be operational, producing and selling electricity,
within two years after the deadline.

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CRS-5
would extend the clean renewable energy bonds (CREBs) for 10 years.11 The
national total bond limit would be $1.2 billion per year for 2007 through 2008 and
$1.0 billion per year for 2009 through 2018. Section 103 would establish a tax credit
bond for water conservation. Section 104 would create a 10% investment tax credit
for geothermal exploration. For residential installations of small wind equipment,
Section 105 would establish a 30% investment tax credit, with a limit of $1,000 per
kilowatt (kw). Section 106 would extend for five years the investment tax credit for
the construction of new energy efficient homes.12 Section 107 would create a 20%
investment tax credit for manufacturing equipment used to produce advanced
batteries. Section 108 would establish renewable school energy bonds, with a
national bond limit of $50 million in 2008, $100 million in 2009, and $150 million
in 2010. Under Section 109, bonds would be issued to finance new renewable energy
facilities, including equipment that uses tidal, wave, current, and ocean thermal
energy.
Investment Tax Credits for Solar Property and Manufacturing
Title II of S. 1531 would permanently extend two tax incentives for solar energy
equipment and it would establish three new incentives for solar equipment.13 Section
201 would extend permanently the 30% value of the investment tax credit for
business installations of solar equipment.14 In Section 202, the investment tax credit
for solar (30%) and geothermal (10%) equipment would be made available to public
utilities. Under Section 203, the 30% residential energy efficiency investment tax
credit would be extended permanently.15 Further, the cap would be raised to
$3,000/kw for solar electric equipment, $2,000 for solar heating and cooling
equipment, and $500 for fuel cells. Section 204 would make certain solar equipment
eligible for a three-year accelerated depreciation period. Section 211 would establish
a 30% investment tax credit for facilities that manufacture solar energy equipment.
11 The CREBs provision of the Tax Relief Act (§202) will expire at the end of 2008. CREBs
were created by EPACT (§1303).
12 The new energy efficient new homes credit in the Tax Relief Act (§205) will expire at the
end of 2008. The new homes credit was created by EPACT (§1332).
13 The credit extensions are in §201 and §203. The new incentives are in §202, §204, and
§211.
14 The 30% value of the business solar investment tax credit in the Tax Relief Act (§207)
will revert back to 10% at the end of 2008. The 30% value of this credit was established by
EPACT (§1337).
15 The residential energy efficiency credit in the Tax Relief Act (§206) will expire at the end
of 2008. This credit was created by EPACT (§1335).

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CRS-6
Major Funding-Related Bills
Energy Reserve Fund in the Budget Resolution
House Action. On January 18, 2007, the House passed the CLEAN Energy
Act (H.R. 6) by a vote of 264-163. The bill proposes to use revenue from certain oil
and natural gas policy revisions to create an Energy Efficiency and Renewables
Reserve aimed at reducing foreign oil dependence and serving other purposes.16 The
actual uses of the reserve would be determined at a later date by legislation that
would establish uses for the financial resources of the reserve.
In House floor debate on H.R. 6, opponents argued that the reduction in oil and
natural gas incentives would dampen production, cause job losses, and lead to higher
prices for gasoline and other fuels. Opponents also complained that the proposal for
the reserve does not identify specific policies and programs that would receive
funding. Proponents of the bill counter-argued that record profits show that the oil
and natural gas incentives were not needed. They also contended that the reserve
could be used to support a variety of R&D, deployment, and tax incentives for
renewable fuels, and that the specifics would evolve as legislative proposals come
forth for using resources from the reserve.17
On March 28, the House passed the concurrent resolution on the budget for
FY2007 and FY2008 (H.Con.Res. 99) by a vote of 216-210. The resolution provides
additional funding for energy (Function 270) above the President’s request that
“could be used for research, development, and deployment of renewable and
alternative energy.” Section 207 would create a deficit-neutral reserve fund that
fulfills the purposes of H.R. 6 to “facilitate the development of conservation and
energy efficiency technologies, clean domestic renewable energy resources, and
alternative fuels that will reduce our reliance on foreign oil.”
Senate Action. On March 23, the Senate passed S.Con.Res. 21, its version
of the concurrent resolution on the budget for FY2007. In parallel to the House
resolution, Section 307 of S.Con.Res. 21 would create a deficit-neutral reserve fund
that could be used for renewable energy, energy efficiency, and “responsible
development” of oil and natural gas. Additionally, Section 332 would create a
deficit-neutral reserve fund for extension through 2015 of certain energy tax
incentives, including the renewable energy electricity production tax credit (PTC),
Clean Renewable Energy Bonds, and provisions for energy efficient buildings,
products, and power plants. Further, Section 338 would create a deficit-neutral
reserve fund for manufacturing initiatives that could include tax and R&D measures
that support alternative fuels, automotive technologies, energy technologies, and the
infrastructure to support the technologies. The House passed its version of
S.Con.Res. 21 on May 8, 2007.
16 For more details about the reserve, see CRS Report RS22571, The Strategic Energy
Efficiency and Renewables Reserve in the CLEAN Energy Act of 2007 (H.R. 6), by Fred
Sissine.
17 Congressional Record, January 18, 2007, pp. H688 through H729.

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CRS-7
Conference Report. Section 308 of the adopted report establishes a deficit-
neutral reserve fund for energy legislation. Section 308(a) applies only to the Senate,
with provisions similar to those in sections 307 and 332 of the Senate version.
Reserve fund uses will be allowed that “reduce our Nation’s dependence on foreign
sources of energy, expand production and use of clean alternative fuels and
alternative fuel vehicles, promote renewable energy development, improve electricity
transmission, encourage responsible development of domestic oil and natural gas
resources, or reward conservation and efficiency ...” Further, such legislation may
include “tax legislation such as a proposal to extend energy tax incentives like the
production tax credit for electricity produced from renewable resources, the Clean
Renewable Energy Bond program, or provisions to encourage energy efficient
buildings, products, and power plants.”
Section 308(b) applies only to the House, with language similar to Section 207
of the House version. Reserve fund uses would be permitted for legislative actions
that “fulfill the purposes of section 301(a) of H.R. 6, the Clean Energy Act of 2007
....”
FY2007 Appropriations (P.L. 110-5)
The Department of Energy (DOE), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
and Department of Agriculture (USDA) receive annual appropriations for energy
efficiency and renewable energy programs.18 In the 109th Congress, the
appropriations process for FY2007 was not completed. A continuing resolution (P.L.
109-383, H.J.Res. 102) provided funding through February 15, 2007.
In the 110th Congress, H.J.Res. 20 was introduced to continue FY2007
appropriations through the end of the fiscal year. It was enacted on February 15 as
P.L. 110-5. The law sets funding for DOE’s Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy (EERE) Programs at $1.47 billion, about $308 million above the FY2006
appropriation. Also, the law eliminates earmarks and sets conditions on the EPACT
Title 17 loan guarantee program, fixing a cap at $4 billion, prohibiting awards until
final regulations are issued, and requiring annual program evaluations by an
independent auditor.
DOE’s FY2007 operating plan was transmitted to the House and Senate
appropriation committees on March 16, 2007. It provides the detailed breakdown of
funding for EERE programs in FY2007.
H.R. 1591, the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Bill, would have
amended the FY2007 appropriations provided in P.L. 110-5 and DOE’s FY2007
Operating Plan. The total amount appropriated by P.L. 110-5 would have remained
unchanged. However, the bill would have provided $22.8 million for EERE’s
Geothermal Energy Program, an increase of $17.8 million over the $5.0 million
18 Several other agencies receive less regular appropriations for energy efficiency or
renewable energy projects and activities. These agencies have included Department of
State, Department of Defense (DOD), Department of Housing and Urban Development
(HUD), Department of Transportation, and Architect of the Capitol.

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CRS-8
provided in DOE’s Operating Plan. Also, the bill would have provided $229.5
million for the Weatherization Grants Program, an increase of $25.0 million over the
$204.5 million provided in DOE’s Operating Plan. However, the President vetoed
the bill.
Table 1. Action on Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy Legislation, 110th Congress
Bill
Category
Action
Date
H.R. 364
Advanced Research (ARPA-E)
Ordered Reported
5/23/2007
H.R. 632
Hydrogen Energy Prizes
Ordered Reported
5/23/2007
H.R. 1716
Buildings
Ordered Reported
5/23/2007
H.R. 2389
Small Business Incentives
Ordered Reported
5/23/2007
H.R. 2420
International Climate Cooperation
Ordered Reported
5/23/2007
H.Con.Res. 25
Renewable Energy Policy
Ordered Reported
5/17/2007
H.R. 1585
Defense Authorization
Passed House
5/17/2007
House and Senate
S.Con.Res. 21
Budget Resolution
Agreed to
5/17/2007
Conference Report
S. 357
Fuel Economy
Ordered Reported
5/8/2007
S. 875
Fuel Efficiency, Biofuels
Hearing Held
5/8/2007
S. 1321
Efficiency, Biofuels, CO
Reported
5/7/2007
2
S. 992
Energy Efficiency in Public Bldgs.
Reported
5/3/2007
H.R. 1591
Supplemental Appropriations
Vetoed
5/1/2007
H.R. 1332
Small Business Lending
Passed House
4/25/2007
S. 193
International Cooperation
Reported
4/12/2007
S.Res. 30
Climate Change
Reported
3/29/2007
H.R. 85
Technology Transfer
Passed House
3/12/2007
H.R. 1126
Steel/Metals Industry
Passed House
3/12/2007
New Climate Committee
H.Res. 202
Passed House
3/8/2007
Established
H.J.Res. 20
FY2007 Appropriations
P.L. 110-5
2/15/2007
H.R. 798
DOE Solar Project
Passed House
2/12/2007
H.R. 547
Biofuels/Hydrogen
Passed House
2/8/2007
H.R. 6
CLEAN Energy Act
Passed House
1/18/2007

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Table 2. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Bills
by Topic, 110th Congress
I. Policy and Issue Areas
Appropriations. H.J.Res. 20, H.R. 6, H.R. 1591, S. 818
Authorizations. H.R. 121/S. 506, H.R. 1126, H.R. 1551/S. 919, H.R. 1585, H.R. 2036, H.R.
2154, H.R. 2420, S. 298, S. 696, S. 761, S. 987, S. 1115, S. 1321, S. 1419
Budget. H.Res. 6, H.R. 6, H.Con.Res. 99/S.Con.Res. 21
Research and Development. H.R. 80, H.R. 364, H.R. 547, H.R. 931, H.R. 1133, H.R. 1259,
H.R. 1920/S. 1151, H.R. 2036, H.R. 2079, H.R. 2339, H.R. 2428, S. 167/H.R. 395, S. 309, S.
339/H.R. 670, S. 426, S. 696, S. 701, S. 761, S. 987, S. 1020, S. 1115, S. 1238, S. 1321, S. 1419
Grants. H.R. 84, H.R. 85, H.R. 182, H.R. 570/S. 331, H.R. 589, H.R. 1133, H.R. 1259, H.R.
1920/S. 1151, H.R. 1300, H.R. 1451, H.R. 1591, H.R. 1600, H.R. 2079, H.R. 2154, H.R. 2428,
H.R. 2447, S. 167/H.R. 395, S. 280/H.R. 620, S. 298, S. 317, S. 838/H.R. 1838, S. 859, S. 1115,
S. 1321, S. 1419
Loans/Loan Guarantees/Financing. H.J.Res. 20, H.R. 80, H.R. 1215, H.R. 1300, H.R. 1332,
H.R. 2036, H.R. 2054/S. 1154, H.R. 2154, H.R. 2218, H.R. 2441, S. 317, S. 672, S. 701, S. 1115.
S. 1321, S. 1419, S. 1491
Energy Efficiency Performance Standard. S. 309
Low Carbon Fuel Standard. H.R. 2215, S. 1324
Renewable Fuel Standard. H.R. 349, H.R. 635, H.R. 517, H.R. 791, H.R. 2037, H.R. 2178, S.
23, S. 309, S. 386, S. 987, S. 1158, S. 1297, S. 1321, S. 1358
Renewable Portfolio Standard/Tradable Credits. H.R. 823, H.R. 969, H.R. 1133, H.R. 1590,
H.R. 1945, S. 309
Tax Incentive for Investment. H.R. 76, H.R. 86, H.R. 345, H.R. 550/S. 590, H.R. 589, H.R.
604, H.R. 765, H.R. 778, H.R. 1133, H.R. 1331, H.R. 1451, H.R. 1500, H.R. 1618, H.R. 1821,
H.R. 1888, H.R. 1965, H.R. 1977, H.R. 2039, H.R. 2137, H.R. 2261, H.R. 2372, S. 23, S. 339, S.
539, S. 673/H.R. 1772, S. 701, S. 1207, S. 1291, S. 1370
Tax Incentive for Energy Production. H.R. 197, H.R. 517, H.R. 683, H.R. 793, H.R. 794, H.R.
1133, H.R. 1945, H.R. 1954, H.R. 2038/S. 1154, H.R. 2261, H.R. 2361, S. 411/H.R. 1924, S.
425, S. 701, S. 1291, S. 1370
Tax Incentive for Fuel Use. H.R. 604, H.R. 805, H.R. 825, H.R. 927, S. 23, S. 162, S. 167/H.R.
395, H.R. 2256, S. 701, S. 872, S. 1370
Tax Incentive for Fuel Reduction. H.R. 139/S. 894, H.R. 1385/S. 822, H.R. 1500, H.R. 2459
Goals/Plans/Studies/Impact Information. H.R. 121/S. 506, H.R. 157, H.R. 589, H.R. 817, H.R.
1300, H.R. 1590, H.R. 2036, H.R. 2261, S. 129, S. 280/H.R. 620, S. 339/H.R. 670, H.R.
2171/H.R. 2196, H.R. 2426, S. 992, S. 1115, S. 1419
Environment/Climate Change. H.Con.Res. 96, H.Res. 202, H.R. 620, H.R. 823, H.R. 1126,
H.R. 1590, H.R. 2215, H.R. 2337, H.R. 2420, S.Res. 30/H.Con.Res. 104, S. 6, S. 280/H.R. 620,
S. 309, S. 317, S. 357, S. 485, S. 1073, S. 1324, S. 1411
II. Sectors
Buildings. H.R. 84, H.R. 121/S. 506, H.R. 345, H.R. 1133, H.R. 1385/S. 822, H.R. 1259, H.R.
1451, H.R. 1591, H.R. 1716, H.R. 1768, H.R. 1888, H.R. 1945, H.R. 2154, H.R. 2389, S.
280/H.R. 620, S. 317, S. 539, S. 701, S. 1115, S. 1165, S. 1207, S. 1321, S. 1419, H.R. 2528/S.
1434
Defense/Security. H.R. 559, H.R. 1300, H.R. 1585, H.R. 1591, H.R. 2354/S. 133, S. 6, S. 23, S.
339/H.R. 670
Education. H.R. 1716, H.R. 2428, H.R. 2441, H.R. 2496
Federal Lands/Energy Management. H.R. 277, H.R. 589, H.R. 792, H.R. 798, H.R. 823, H.R.
1133, H.R. 1300, H.R. 1500, H.R. 1705, H.R. 2337, S. 146, S. 309, S. 992, S. 1000, S. 1059, S.
1072, S. 1115, S. 1165, S. 1419

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Farms/American Indians. H.Con.Res. 25/ S.Con.Res. 3, H.R. 80, H.R. 872, H.R. 1551/S. 919,
H.R. 1596, S. 541, S. 673/H.R. 1772, H.R. 1766, H.R. 1954, H.R. 2038/S. 1154, H.R. 2154, H.R.
2218, H.R. 2261, S. 36, S. 828, S. 1403, S. 1424
Industry. H.R. 1126, H.R. 1920/S. 1151, S. 317, S. 1115, S. 1419
International/Trade. H.Res. 12, H.R. 196, H.R. 1186, H.R. 1838, H.R. 2420, S.Res.
30/H.Con.Res. 104, S. 193, S. 309, S. 426, S. 838/H.R. 1838, H.R. 2229, S. 1007, S. 1106
III. Energy Efficiency Measures and Technologies
Distributed Generation/Net Metering/Electric Power. H.R. 550/S. 590, H.R. 589, H.R. 729,
H.R. 805, H.R. 1133, H.R. 1451, H.R. 1590, H.R. 1705, H.R. 1945, H.R. 2171/H.R. 2196, H.R.
2305, H.R. 2555, S. 309, S. 317, S. 992, S. 1016, S. 1321, S. 1370
Energy Audits. H.R. 1551/S. 919, S. 280/H.R. 620, H.R. 2528/S. 1434
Equipment/Lighting/Appliances. H.Con.Res. 153, H.R. 872, H.R. 1547, H.R. 1585, H.R. 1705,
S. 129, S. 992, S. 1101/H.R. 2083, H.R. 2137, H.R. 2389, S. 1115, S. 1321, S. 1419
Fuel Economy. H.Con.Res. 153, H.R. 570/S. 331, H.R. 656, H.R. 1133, H.R. 1500, H.R. 1945,
H.R. 2454, H.R. 2496, H.R. 2513, S. 183, S. 298, S. 309, S. 339/H.R. 670, S. 357, S. 767/H.R.
1506, S. 875, S. 1118, S. 1076/H.R. 1356
Electric/Hybrid Vehicles. H.Con.Res. 153, H.R. 2079, H.R. 2112
Transportation. H.Con.Res. 153, H.R. 139/S. 894, H.R. 157, H.R. 498, H.R. 589, H.R. 1215,
H.R. 1300, H.R. 1331, H.R. 1590, H.R. 1618, H.R. 1945, H.R. 2079, H.R. 2426, H.R. 2513, S.
146, S. 298, S. 701, S. 818, S. 875, S. 894, S. 1000, S. 1073, S. 1115, S. 1321, S. 1324, S. 1419
IV. Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Alcohol Fuels/Biofuels/Biodiesel. H.Con.Res. 153, H.Con.Res. 157, S.Con.Res. 3, H.R. 76,
H.R. 86, H.R. 182, H.R. 196, H.R. 277, H.R. 349, H.R. 517, H.R. 547, H.R. 559, H.R. 570/S.
331, H.R. 604, H.R. 635, H.R. 682, H.R. 765, H.R. 791, H.R. 792, H.R. 825, H.R. 872, H.R. 927,
H.R. 931, H.R. 1186, H.R. 1300, H.R. 1551/S. 919, H.R. 1766, H.R. 1987, H.R. 2037, H.R.
2039, H.R. 2154, H.R. 2178, H.R. 2218, H.R. 2256, H.R. 2261, H.R. 2354/S. 133, H.R. 2426,
H.R. 2454, S. 23, S. 36, S. 162, S. 167/H.R. 395, S. 280/H.R. 620, S. 339/H.R. 670, S. 386, S.
426, S. 541, S. 701, S. 828, S. 859, S. 872, S. 875, S. 987, S. 1007, S. 1106, S.1238, S. 1297, S.
1321, S. 1324, S. 1403, S. 1424, S. 1491
Biopower/Biomass. H.Con.Res. 153, H.R. 197, H.R. 517, H.R. 683, H.R. 1133, H.R. 1186, H.R.
1551/S. 919, H.R. 1600, H.R. 2038/S. 1154, H.R. 2337, H.R. 2428, S. 280/H.R. 620, S. 36, S.
541
Geothermal. H.R. 197, H.R. 1133, H.R. 1591, H.R. 1977, H.R. 2298, H.R. 2304, S. 298, S.
1020
Hydrogen. H.Con.Res. 153, H.R. 498, H.R. 805, S. 280/H.R. 620
Hydropower/Tidal/Wave/Ocean. H.Con.Res. 153, H.R. 197, H.R. 490/S. 306, H.R. 632, H.R.
1133, H.R. 2036, H.R. 2313, S. 298, S. 425, S. 1020
Solar. H.Con.Res. 153, H.R. 197, H.R. 550/S. 590, H.R. 798, H.R. 1133, H.R. 1451, H.R. 1977,
H.R. 2337, S. 828, S. 1016, S. 2337
Wind. H.Con.Res. 153, H.R. 197, H.R. 517, H.R. 794, H.R. 1133, S. 673/H.R. 1772, H.R. 2261,
H.R. 2337, S. 828, S. 1291, S. 2337
Electricity Transmission Lines. H.R. 809, H.R. 810, H.R. 829
Legislation
Public Laws
P.L. 110-5 (H.J.Res. 20)
Revised Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007. Provides continuing
FY2007 appropriations through September 30, 2007. Funding for DOE’s Energy

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Efficiency and Renewable Energy Programs is set at $1.47 billion, about $280
million above the FY2006 appropriation. Also, the resolution eliminates earmarks
and sets conditions on the EPACT Title 17 loan guarantee program, fixing a cap at
$4 billion, prohibiting awards until final regulations are issued, and requiring annual
program evaluations by an independent auditor. Signed into law February 15, 2007.
House Bills (with Senate Companions)
H.Con.Res. 25 (Peterson)/S.Con.Res. 3 (Salazar)
The sense of the Congress would be expressed that it is the goal of the United
States that, not later than January 1, 2025, the agricultural, forestry, and working land
of the United States should provide from renewable resources not less than 25% of
the total energy consumed in the United States and continue to produce safe,
abundant, and affordable food, feed, and fiber. House bill introduced January 10,
2007; referred to Committees on Agriculture, Energy and Commerce, and Natural
Resources. Senate bill introduced January 17, 2007; referred to Committee on
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. House bill ordered to be reported May 17, 2007.
H.Con.Res. 96 (Dicks)
The sense of the Congress would be expressed that there should be enacted a
mandatory national program to slow, stop and reverse emissions of greenhouse gases.
The program would include mandatory, market-based limits and incentives on
emissions of greenhouse gases that slow, stop, and reverse the growth of such
emissions at a rate and in a manner that would not significantly harm the U.S.
economy; and would encourage comparable action by other nations that are major
trading partners and key contributors to global emissions. Introduced March 21,
2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.Con.Res. 99 (Spratt)/S.Con.Res. 21 (Conrad)
This resolution would revise the congressional budget for FY2007, establish
the budget for FY2008, and set forth appropriate budgetary levels for FY2009
through FY2012. The House resolution provides funding for energy (Function 270)
above the President’s request that “could be used for research, development, and
deployment of renewable and alternative energy.” Section 207 of the House
resolution would create a deficit-neutral reserve fund that fulfills the purposes of
H.R. 6 (CLEAN Energy Act, §301a), namely to “facilitate the development of
conservation and energy efficiency technologies, clean domestic renewable energy
resources, and alternative fuels that will reduce our reliance on foreign oil.” Section
307 of the Senate resolution would create a deficit-neutral reserve fund that could be
used for renewable energy, energy efficiency, and responsible development of oil and
natural gas. Section 332 would create a deficit-neutral reserve fund for extension
through 2015 of certain energy tax incentives, including the renewable energy
electricity production tax credit (PTC), Clean Renewable Energy Bonds, and
provisions for energy efficient buildings, products, and power plants. Section 338
would create a deficit-neutral reserve fund for manufacturing initiatives that could
include tax and R&D measures that support alternative fuels, automotive
technologies, energy technologies, and the infrastructure to support the technologies.
House Committee on the Budget reported (H.Rept. 110-69) March 23, 2007. Passed
House (216-210) March 29, 2007. Senate Committee on the Budget reported

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CRS-12
(without written report) March 16, 2007. Passed Senate March 23, 2007. Senate bill
passed in House (212-207) May 8, 2007. Senate appointed conferees May 9, 2007.
H.Con.Res. 104 (Carnahan)/S.Res. 30 (Biden)
The sense of the Congress would be expressed that the United States should
return to international negotiations on climate change and take a leadership role in
those negotiations. The resolution would recognize that there are security and
economic benefits from reducing greenhouse gas emissions and from markets for
new, climate-friendly technologies. House bill introduced April 23, 2007. Referred
to the Committee on Foreign Affairs April 29, 2007. Senate bill introduced January
16, 2007; referred to Committee on Foreign Relations. Reported (without a written
report) March 29, 2007.
H.Con.Res. 153 (Gilchrist)
The sense of the Congress would be expressed regarding the need for a
nationwide diversified energy portfolio. The resolution states that Congress and the
Executive Branch should pursue the development and commercial deployment of a
diverse portfolio of energy technologies, including biofuels, wind, solar, ocean
energy, and hydrogen fuel cells. The resolution states that Congress should pursue
development of policies to promote major energy efficiency initiatives, including fuel
economy standards, energy efficient light bulbs, energy efficient appliances, hybrid
vehicles, and public transportation. Introduced May 22, 2007; referred to Committee
on Energy and Commerce.
H.Con.Res. 157 (Radanovich)
The Congress would reaffirm its commitment to developing alternative and
renewable energy, in particular biodiesel and other biofuels. To support efforts to
combat air pollution in California, the resolution would support R&D in California
on biodiesel and biofuels obtained from agricultural products and byproducts.
Introduced May 23, 2007; referred to Committee on Science and Technology.
H.J.Res. 20 (Obey)
Revised Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007. P.L. 109-383 would be
superseded to extend FY2007 appropriations through September 30, 2007. Funding
in FY2007 for DOE’s Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Programs would be
increased by $300 million above the FY2006 level of $1.17 billion. The resolution
would otherwise eliminate earmarks. Also, the resolution would set conditions on
the loan guarantee program established in Title 17 of EPACT. It would set the
program cap at $4 billion, prohibit awards until final regulations are issued, and
require annual evaluations of the program by an independent auditor. Introduced
January 29, 2007; referred to Committee on Appropriations. Passed House (286-
140) January 31, 2007. Cloture motion filed on Senate floor February 8. Passed
Senate (81-15) February 14, 2007. Signed into law February 15, 2007 (P.L. 110-5).
H.Res. 12 (Bartlett)
The sense of the House of Representatives would be expressed that the United
States (1) must move rapidly to increase the productivity with which it uses fossil
fuel, and to accelerate the transition to renewable fuels and a sustainable, clean
energy economy; and (2) should establish, in collaboration with other international
allies, an energy project with the magnitude, creativity, and sense of urgency of the

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CRS-13
“Man on the Moon” project to develop a comprehensive plan to address the
challenges presented by Peak Oil (the peak in the world’s oil production believed by
some petroleum experts likely to occur in the next decade). Introduced January 4,
2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.Res. 202 (Millender-McDonald)
Funding would be provided for the operating costs of certain committees of the
House of Representatives during the 110th Congress. Section 4 would establish a
Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming in the House of
Representatives. The select committee would not have legislative jurisdiction and
would have no authority to take legislative action on any bill or resolution. Its sole
authority would be to investigate, study, make findings, and develop
recommendations on policies, strategies, technologies, and other innovations
intended to reduce the dependence of the United States on foreign sources of energy
and achieve substantial and permanent reductions in emissions and other activities
that contribute to climate change and global warming. Introduced February 28, 2007;
referred to Committee on House Administration. Reported (H.Rept. 110-29) March
5, 2007. Passed House (269-150) March 8, 2007.
H.R. 6 (Rahall)
CLEAN Energy Act of 2007. Certain tax and royalty policies for oil and natural
gas would be revised, and the resulting revenue would be used to support a reserve
for new energy efficiency and renewable energy initiatives. The bill is one part of the
“100 hours” initiatives put forward by the Democratic Leadership of the House.
Introduced January 12, 2007; referred to Committees on Ways and Means, Natural
Resources, Budget, and Rules. Brought to the House Floor and passed House (264-
163) January 18, 2007.
H.R. 76 (Bartlett)
For the alternative motor vehicle tax credit available to consumers, the number
of eligible vehicles sold for use in the United States that would trigger the credit
phase-out period would increase from 60,000 to 250,000. Introduced January 4,
2007; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 80 (Bartlett)
R&D, demonstration, and commercial application activities would be required
to enable the development of farms that are net producers of both food and energy.
DOE would be directed to enter into an arrangement with the National Academy of
Sciences to (1) develop recommendations for evaluation measures and criteria for
programs under this act; and (2) evaluate the feasibility of prize and best practices
award programs as tools to promote self-powered farms. Further, it would direct
DOE to (1) establish an award program for up to 30 state agricultural research
programs for self-powered farm demonstrations; (2) provide low-cost revolving loans
and loan guarantees to eligible entities for the commercial application of energy or
other technologies that will contribute to establishing self-powered farms, with
highest preference given to applicants who propose to meet their energy needs from
biobased feedstocks or other renewable energy sources produced on that farm; and
(3) enter into an arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences for a review of
the programs under this act. Introduced January 4, 2007; referred to Committees on
Science and Technology and on Agriculture.

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H.R. 84 (Biggert)
Energy Efficient Buildings Act of 2007. Directs DOE to (1) establish a pilot
program to award grants to businesses and organizations for new construction or
major renovations of energy efficient buildings that will result in innovative energy
efficiency technologies, especially those sponsored by DOE; and (2) give due
consideration to proposals for buildings that are likely to serve low and moderate
income populations. Defines “energy efficient building” as one that, after
construction or renovation, (1) uses heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems
that perform at no less than Energy Star standards; or (2) if Energy Star standards are
not applicable, uses Federal Energy Management Program recommended heating,
ventilating, and air conditioning products. Introduced January 4, 2007; referred to
Committee on Science and Technology.
H.R. 85 (Biggert)
Energy Technology Transfer Act. Directs DOE to award grants for a five-year
period to nonprofit institutions, state and local governments, cooperative extension
services, or universities (or consortia thereof) to establish a geographically dispersed
network of Advanced Energy Technology Transfer Centers, located in areas DOE
determines have the greatest need of their services. Requires DOE to give priority
to applicants already operating or partnered with an outreach program capable of
transferring such knowledge and information about advanced energy efficiency
methods and technologies. Introduced January 4, 2007; referred to Committee on
Science and Technology. Reported (H.Rept. 110-38) March 8, 2007. Passed House,
March 12, 2007. In Senate, referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
H.R. 86 (Biggert)
Oil and Gas-to-Alternatives Swap (OGAS) Act of 2007. Certain fossil energy
tax incentives would be repealed and the limitation on the number of new qualified
hybrid and advanced lean-burn technology vehicles eligible for the tax credit for
alternative motor vehicles would be repealed. Also, the bill would extend through
2012 the alternative motor vehicles tax credit for (1) advanced lean burn technology
motor vehicles; (2) qualified hybrid motor vehicles; and (3) qualified alternative fuel
vehicles. Introduced January 4, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 121 (Doyle)/S. 506 (Lautenberg)
High-Performance Green Buildings Act of 2007. Title I would establish a
federal office of green buildings in the General Services Administration (GSA) to
coordinate efforts in federal agencies. This activities of this office would include
outreach to federal agencies, review related R&D findings, and develop guidance for
life-cycle costing and contracting. Section 107 would authorize $4 million for Title
I activities. Title II would identify incentives and procurement practices to promote
federal use of green building activities. Section 203 directs GAO to audit the
performance of this act’s provisions and report to Congress. Title III directs GSA to
conduct an annual demonstration project from 2009 through 2014 and authorizes a
total of $10 million for those projects, and it calls for annual demonstration projects
at universities with an additional $10 million authorization. House bill introduced
January 4, 2007; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Oversight and
Government Reform, Science and Technology, and Transportation and Infrastructure.
Senate bill introduced February 6, 2007; referred to Committee on Environment and
Public Works.

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CRS-15
H.R. 139 (Granger)/S. 894 (Lincoln)
Idling Reduction Tax Credit Act of 2007. A business tax credit of 25% of the
cost of a qualifying idling reduction device, up to $1,000, would be created. Defines
“qualifying idling reduction device” as any device that is (1) installed on a
heavy-duty diesel-powered on-highway vehicle to provide services that would
otherwise require the operation of the main drive engine while the vehicle is
temporarily parked or stationary; and (2) certified by DOE to reduce long-duration
idling. DOE would be directed to publish standards for certifying such devices.
House bill introduced January 4, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
Senate bill introduced March 15, 2007; referred to Committee on Finance.
H.R. 157 (Holt)
Fuel Savings, Smarter Travel, and Efficient Roadways Act. Directs DOE to
study and report to Congress on the potential fuel savings from intelligent
transportation systems that help businesses and consumers plan travel and avoid
delays. Introduced January 4, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and
Commerce.
H.R. 182 (Lofgren)
To Encourage Alternatively-fueled vehicle Manufacturing up for Energy
Independence Act of 2007; also referred to as the “TEAM up for Energy
Independence Act.” An excise tax on non-alternative-fueled vehicles and gas-guzzler
vehicles would be established. The revenue would be used to establish a trust fund
at the Department of the Treasury. DOE would be directed to use the trust fund to
make grants to fueling stations owned by entities which own or control 10 or fewer
such businesses for alternative fuel refueling infrastructure projects, including new
dispensing facilities and additional equipment or upgrades and improvements to
existing refueling sites for alternative fuel vehicles. Introduced January 4, 2007;
referred to Committees on Ways and Means and Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 196 (Pomeroy)
Renewable Fuels and Energy Independence Promotion Act of 2007. Section 2
would make permanent certain tax incentives for biodiesel and alcohol fuels. Section
3 would modify the ethanol import duty. Introduced January 4, 2007; referred to
Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 197 (Pomeroy)
Extends the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) for five years, from
the end of 2008 through the end of 2013. Introduced January 4, 2007; referred to
Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 277 (Cleaver)
Congress Leads by Example through Alt-fuel Resources (CLEAR) Act. Would
prohibit Members of the House from using any portion of their representational
allowance to provide any individual with a vehicle, including providing an individual
with a vehicle under a long-term lease, which is not an alternative fuel vehicle.
Introduced January 5, 2007; referred to Committee on House Administration.

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CRS-16
H.R. 345 (Hoekstra)
Cool and Efficient Buildings Investment Act. A 20-year depreciation recovery
period, calculated on a straight line basis, would be created for heating, ventilation,
air conditioning, or commercial refrigeration systems installed in nonresidential
buildings and placed in service during calendar years 2007 and 2008. Introduced
January 9, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 349 (Kline)
10-by-10 Act. Would require that motor fuels have a minimum renewable fuels
content of 10% by the beginning of 2010. Introduced January 9, 2007; referred to
Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 364 (Gordon)
An Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) would be
established at DOE. Its goal would be to reduce the energy imports from foreign
sources by 20% over the next 10 years. Introduced January 10, 2007; referred to
Committee on Science and Technology. Hearing held April 25, 2007. Ordered to
be reported May 23, 2007.
H.R. 395 (Salazar)/S. 167 (Boxer)
Cellulosic Ethanol Development and Implementation Act of 2007. DOE would
be required to provide grants to eligible entities to carry out R&D and demonstration
projects on cellulosic ethanol and construct infrastructure that enables retail gas
stations to dispense cellulosic ethanol for vehicle fuel to reduce the consumption of
petroleum fuels. House bill introduced January 10, 2007; referred to Committees on
Energy and Commerce and Science and Technology. Senate bill introduced January
4, 2007; referred to Committee on Environment and Public Works.
H.R. 490 (McNulty)/S. 306 (Schumer)
Mohawk River Hydroelectric Projects Licensing Act of 2007. The Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) would be prohibited from issuing a new
license for a hydroelectric project on the Mohawk River in New York state if the
project has been operating under annual licenses for 10 or more years, unless FERC
(1) issues a public notice that it will accept other valid license applications to develop
or dispose of the project works or water resource (including certain nonpower license
applications) and (2) approves a license application, according to the requirements
of this act, if other valid license applications are submitted, or if FERC has issued a
new license that is not yet final. Also, processing and approval procedures would be
established. Any new power license issued for such a project would be required to
include the same license conditions relating to the use of affected waters, as provided
in the license for a specified Potomac Light & Power Company Project. Further, this
act would be declared as applicable to specified hydroelectric projects for which (1)
a new license has been issued at the time of this act but which has not yet become
final under law, (2) there are pending judicial appeals, (3) the time has not yet lapsed
for filing such appeals, or (4) there is a pending appeal of the Clean Water Act
section 401 Water Quality Certificate. House bill introduced January 16, 2007;
referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce. Senate bill introduced January 16,
2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

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H.R. 498 (Wynn)
Energy Policy Reinvestment Act of 2007. Section 2 would repeal certain oil and
natural gas tax subsidies and Section 3 would direct that the resulting revenue be
used to support certain DOE hydrogen and fuel cell technology programs. Introduced
January 16, 2007; referred to Committees on Ways and Means, Science and
Technology, Oversight and Government Reform, and Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 517 (J. Davis)
Independence from Oil with Agriculture Act of 2007. Section 2 would extend
certain tax credits for alcohol and biodiesel fuels and fuel mixtures. Section 3 would
make permanent the renewable energy electricity production tax credit (PTC) for
wind, open-loop biomass, and closed-loop biomass. Section 4 would make
permanent the tax credit for clean fuel vehicle refueling property. Section 5 would
increase the renewable fuel standard (RFS) set by EPACT from 7.5 billion gallons
to 12.0 billion gallons in 2012. Introduced January 17, 2007; referred to Committees
on Ways and Means and on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 539 (Schwartz)
Buildings for the 21st Century Act. The tax deduction for energy efficient
commercial building costs (P.L. 109-432, §204) would be increased, and the period
of eligibility would be extended five years, through 2013. Introduced January 17,
2007; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 547 (Gordon)
Advanced Fuels Infrastructure Research and Development Act. Section 3 would
direct DOE, in consultation with the National Institute of Standards and Technology,
to conduct a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial
application of materials to be added to alternative biobased fuels to make them more
compatible with existing infrastructure used to store and deliver petroleum-based
fuels to the point of final sale. Introduced January 18, 2007; referred to Committee
on Science and Technology. Reported (H.Rept. 110-7) February 5, 2007. Passed
House, amended, February 8, 2007. H.Amdt. 6 was approved, which would allow
fuel distributors and retailers to transform their businesses by dispensing hydrogen,
reformed on site from various feedstocks, or delivered by pipeline or tube trucks.
H.Amdt. 9 was approved, which would establish an energy security fund and an
alternative fuel grant program.
H.R. 550 (McNulty)/S. 590 (Smith)
Securing America’s Energy Independence Act of 2007. The residential
investment tax credit for energy efficient property, and the commercial investment
tax credit for solar energy property and qualified fuel cell property, would be
extended for eight years, from the end of 2008 to the end of 2016. Also, such credits
would be allowed to be applied against alternative minimum tax liability. The
definition of “energy property” would be expanded to include certain equipment that
uses solar energy to generate or store excess electricity. A special credit amount
based on kilowatt capacity would be set for solar photovoltaic energy property and
residential energy efficient property. A tax credit would be allowed for the full
amount of qualified photovoltaic property expenditures. That credit is currently
limited to 30%. A three-year recovery period would be allowed for accelerated
depreciation for solar energy and fuel cell property. House bill introduced January

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18, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways and Means. Senate bill introduced
February 14, 2007; referred to Committee on Finance.
H.R. 559 (Delahunt)/S. 23 (Harkin)
Biofuels Security Act of 2007. Section 101 would modify the EPACT (§ 1501)
requirement that renewable fuel content reach 7.5 billion gallons in 2012,
accelerating the requirement to 10 billion gallons by 2010 and then rising to 30
billion gallons by 2020 and 60 billion gallons by 2030. Other provisions would
require E85 pumps at branded gasoline stations (§102), increased use of alternative
fuels in the federal fleet (§103), increased manufacturers percentage of dual-fueled
vehicles (§201), and increased manufacturers incentives for dual-fueled vehicles
(§202). House bill introduced January 18, 2007; referred to Committees on Energy
and Commerce, Oversight and Government Reform, and Judiciary. Senate bill
introduced January 4, 2007; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation.
H.R. 570 (Rogers)/S. 331 (Thune)
Moneys collected from violations of the corporate average fuel economy
(CAFÉ) program would be placed in an Energy Security Fund to provide grants that
support infrastructure needed to increase the availability of alternative fuels. House
bill introduced January 18, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
Senate bill introduced January 18, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources.
H.R. 589 (Inslee)
Get Real Incentives to Drive Plug-in Act. Section 3 would authorize $500
million for the Department of Transportation (DOT) to make grants to domestic
vehicle manufacturers for R&D on plug-in hybrid vehicles (PIHVs). Section 4 would
direct DOT to establish a pilot project to explore the integration of plug-in hybrid
vehicles into the electric power grid. Section 5 would direct DOT to test battery
technologies. Section 6 would require DOT and DOE to prepare a report on PIHVs.
Section 7 would create a $3,000 investment tax credit for taxpayer purchases of
PIHVs. Section 8 would require that at least 10% of federal agency vehicle
purchases are PIHVs. Introduced January 19, 2007; referred to Committees on
Science and Technology, Ways and Means, and Oversight and Government Reform.
H.R. 604 (Hayes)
E-85 Investment Act of 2007. Tax incentives for E-85 fuel vehicle refueling
property would be modified by: (1) increasing to 75% the rate of such credit for
property using 85% ethanol fuel; (2) reducing the maximum dollar amount of such
credit in 2013 and 2014 for ethanol-related refueling property; and (3) extending such
credit through 2016 for ethanol-related refueling property. Introduced January 22,
2007; referred to Committee Ways and Means.
H.R. 620 (Olver)/S. 280 (Lieberman)
Climate Stewardship and Innovation Act of 2007. A program to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions would be established through a market-driven system of
tradeable allowances and support for the deployment of new climate change-related
technologies. House bill introduced January 22, 2007; referred to Committees on
Energy and Commerce, Science and Technology, and Natural Resources. Senate bill

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introduced January 12, 2007; referred to Committee on Environment and Public
Works.
H.R. 632 (Lipinski)/S. 365 (Graham)
H-Prize Act of 2007. DOE would be authorized to establish monetary prizes
for achievements in overcoming scientific and technical barriers associated with
hydrogen energy. House bill introduced January 23, 2007; referred to Committee on
Science and Technology. Ordered to be reported May 10, 2007. Senate bill
introduced January 23, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources. Ordered to be reported May 23, 2007.
H.R. 635 (Upton)
After the year 2012, all gasoline sold to consumers in the United States for
motor vehicles would be required to contain at least 10% renewable fuel. Introduced
January 23, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 656 (Reichert)
Higher standards of automobile fuel efficiency would be required, with the goal
of reducing the amount of oil used for automobile fuel by 10% starting in 2017.
Introduced January 24, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 670 (Engel)/S. 339 (Bayh)
Dependence Reduction through Innovation in Vehicles and Energy (DRIVE)
Act. The national security and stability of the United States economy would be
promoted by reducing oil dependence through the use of alternative fuels and new
technology. Title I would establish a national oil savings target and action plan.
Title II would set a broad range of policies for improving the fuel efficiency of
vehicles. The provisions would include tire efficiency, idling reduction, plug-in
hybrids, R&D, advanced diesel vehicles, manufacturing credits, consumer incentives,
federal fleet requirements, reduced incentives for gas-guzzlers, and vehicle
efficiency. Title III would set a broad range of policies for renewable energy and
alternative fuels. The provisions would include modifications to tax credits for
refueling property, biodiesel, and small ethanol producers. A minimum requirement
would be set for cellulosic biofuels and sugar ethanol. Production incentives would
be established for cellulosic biofuels. Low-interest loan and grant programs would
be established for E85 fuel. Also, Transit-Oriented Development Corridors would
be designated in certain urban areas. House bill introduced January 24, 2007;
referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Science and Technology, Ways
and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Oversight and Government
Reform. Senate bill introduced January 18, 2007; referred to Committee on Finance.
H.R. 682 (Kaptur)
The Strategic Petroleum Reserve would be expanded to cover alternative fuels,
including ethanol and biodiesel. Introduced January 24, 2007; referred to Committee
on Energy and Commerce.

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H.R. 683 (R. Lewis)
Investment in Energy Independence Act of 2007. Biomass tax incentives would
be promoted as a way to support energy independence. Introduced January 24, 2007;
referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 729 (Inslee)
Home Energy Generation Act. Each state regulatory authority and non-
regulated electric utility would be required to conduct a hearing, and on the basis of
such hearing, adopt a net metering standard. Retail electric suppliers would be
required to offer to arrange to make net metering available to retail customers on a
first-come-first-served basis. Also, implementation requirements would be
prescribed regarding (1) net energy measurement, (2) billing practices, (3) ownership
of credits, (4) safety and performance standards, (5) interconnection and model
standards, and (6) consumer friendly contracts. Introduced January 30, 2007; referred
to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 765 (Weller)
New flexible fuel hybrid motor vehicles would be made eligible for the
alternative motor vehicle tax credit through the end of 2014. They are defined to
include a hybrid motor vehicle that is capable of operating on an alternative fuel, on
gasoline, and on any blend thereof, and which is certified by EPA to have achieved
a certain level of city fuel economy using E-85 ethanol fuel. Introduced January 31,
2007; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 778 (Weller)
The residential energy efficient property credit (P.L. 109-432, § 206) would be
made permanent. Introduced January 31, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways and
Means.
H.R. 791 (Weller)
The renewable fuel content standard (RFS) for gasoline sold in the United States
would be increased to 8.9 billion gallons in 2013 and then rise to 25 billion gallons
by the year 2025. Introduced January 31, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and
Commerce.
H.R. 792 (Weller)
Growing Responsible Energy and Environment Nationally through Federal
Energy Decisions Act. Each federal agency would be directed to ensure that, in areas
in which ethanol-blended gasoline is reasonably available at a generally competitive
price, the federal agency purchases ethanol-blended gasoline containing at least 10%
ethanol rather than non-ethanol-blended gasoline, for agency vehicles that otherwise
would use gasoline. Introduced January 31, 2007; referred to Committee on
Oversight and Government Reform.
H.R. 793 (Weller)
The renewable energy electricity production tax credit (PTC) would be made
permanent. Introduced January 31, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways and
Means.

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H.R. 794 (Weller)
The renewable energy electricity production tax credit (PTC) would be made
permanent for wind energy. Introduced January 31, 2007; referred to Committee on
Ways and Means.
H.R. 798 (Oberstar)
The General Services Administration (GSA) would be directed to install a solar
photovoltaic system for the DOE headquarters building. Introduced February 5,
2007; referred to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on
Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency Management held hearing
February 6. Committee markup held February 7; reported (H.Rept. 110-11) February
12, 2007. Passed House February 12, 2007. In Senate, referred to Committee on
Environment and Public Works.
H.R. 805 (Doyle)
For hydrogen used as a vehicle fuel or to produce electricity, a permanent 30%
fuel tax credit, capped at $1,500, would be created (§1). Also, the residential energy
efficiency tax credit for fuel cells and the commercial energy credit for fuels cells and
microturbines would be extended for five years, through the end of 2013 (§2).
Further, secondary (backup) fuel cell power sources would be required for all new
public buildings larger than 50,000 square feet (§3). In addition, DOT would be
directed to study and report on regulations needed for a transition to hydrogen fuels
(§4). Introduced February 5, 2007; referred to Committees on Ways and Means,
Transportation and Infrastructure, and Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 809 (Hinchey)
Section 216 of the Federal Power Act (as added by P.L. 109-58) providing for
the use of eminent domain authority for the construction of certain electric power
lines would be repealed. Introduced February 5, 2007; referred to Committee on
Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 810 (Hinchey)
Protecting Communities from Power Line Abuse Act. Certain provisions of the
Federal Power Act added by P.L. 109-58 relating to the use of eminent domain
authority for the construction of electric power lines would be modified. Introduced
February 5, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 817 (Price)
Finding the Ultimate Energy Lifeline Act of 2007. Also referred to as the FUEL
Act. A presidential working group would be created and charged with identifying
for the President strategies and methods to reduce foreign oil use to less than 25%
of total motor vehicle fuel use by 2015. Introduced February 5, 2007; referred to
Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 823 (Weller)
Federal agencies and legislative branch offices would be authorized to purchase
greenhouse gas offsets and renewable energy credits. Introduced February 5, 2007;
referred to Committees on Oversight and Government Reform, House
Administration, and Energy and Commerce.

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CRS-22
H.R. 824 (Weller)
Ethanol and biodiesel refining property would be classified as seven-year
property for purposes of the accelerated cost recovery system. Introduced February
5, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 825 (Weller)
Section 1 would extend the alternative motor vehicle tax credit through 2014,
for all types of alternative vehicles. Section 2 would extend the alternative fuel
vehicle refueling property tax credit through 2024 and increase the amount of the
credit. Section 3 would extend the volumetric excise tax credit for alternative fuels
and fuel mixtures through FY2014. Section 3d would extend the income tax credit
for biodiesel and renewable diesel used as fuel through 2024. Section 3e would
extend the small ethanol producer tax credit through 2024. Introduced February 5,
2007; referred to Committees on Oversight and Government Reform, House
Administration, and Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 829 (Wolf)
The Federal Power Act would be amended to make certain changes in
provisions relating to National Interest Transmission Corridors. Introduced February
5, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 872 (Braley)
The Department of Agriculture (USDA) would be authorized to make
competitive grants to community colleges, and advanced technology education
centers partnering with community colleges, to support the education and training of
technicians in the fields of bioenergy and other agriculture-based, renewable energy
resources. Introduced February 7, 2007; referred to Committee on Education and
Labor.
H.R. 927 (Burgess)
The biodiesel income tax credit would be doubled, from 50 cents per gallon to
$1 per gallon. Also, the biodiesel excise tax credit would be increased to $1 per
gallon. Introduced February 8, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 969 (T. Udall)
Title VI of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 would be amended
to establish a Federal renewable energy portfolio standard (RPS) for retail electric
utilities that would be administered by DOE. For each retail supplier, the RPS would
set a minimum electricity production requirement from renewable resources, starting
at 1% in 2010 and then rising annually until reaching a peak of 20% in 2020.
Resources eligible to meet the RPS would include wind, solar, geothermal, biomass,
landfill gas, ocean, tidal, and incremental hydropower. To supplement generation,
retail suppliers would be allowed to purchase power from other organizations or to
purchase tradable credits from suppliers with a surplus. Power generated on Native
American lands would receive a double credit, and on-site generation used to offset
the requirement would receive a triple credit. An excess of tradable credits could be
carried forward (banked) for up to four years and a deficit of credits could be
“borrowed” from anticipated generation up to three years into the future. A credit
deficit would lead to a penalty that would be the lesser of 4.5 cents/kwh or 300% of
the average market value of the credits. A credit cost cap (adjusted for inflation)

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would be set as the lesser of 3.0 cents/kwh or 200% of the average market value of
the credits. States would be allowed to have stronger RPS requirements. DOE
would be required to engage the National Academy of Sciences to evaluate the
program. Introduced February 8, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and
Commerce.
H.R. 1126 (Lipinski)
Provisions of the Steel and Aluminum Energy Conservation and Technology
Competitiveness Act of 1988 would be reauthorized, with $12 million over FY2008
through FY2012. Also, technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions would be
made eligible for this funding. Introduced February 16, 2007; referred to Committee
on Science and Technology. Reported (H.Rept. 110-41) March 8, 2007. Passed
House March 12, 2007. In Senate, referred to Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources.
H.R. 1133 (Berkley)
Freedom Through Renewable Energy Expansion (FREE) Act. Section 8 would
increase CAFE fuel economy standards for new passenger cars to a minimum of 33
mpg by 2016. Section 9 would extend the renewable electricity production tax credit
for seven years, to the end of 2015. Section 10 would extend for seven years the
business investment tax credits for solar energy and fuel cell equipment, and it would
create a new credit for geothermal energy equipment. Section 11 would extend the
investment tax credit for residential energy efficient property for seven years.
Section 12 would create a new 30% investment tax credit for wind energy equipment
installed in residences and businesses. Section 13 would authorize $32.5 million for
geothermal energy research at DOE. Section 14 would establish a renewable
portfolio standard for retail electric suppliers, which could be met with generation
from solar, wind, biomass, landfill gas, incremental hydro, incremental geothermal,
current, wave, tidal, or ocean thermal energy. Section 15 would increase the amount
of renewable energy that federal agencies are required to purchase, rising from 3%
in 2007 to 20% in 2015. Section 16 would require DOE to establish a grant program
for renewable energy in school facilities. Introduced February 16, 2007; referred to
Committees on Ways and Means, Natural Resources, Energy and Commerce, and
Science and Technology.
H.R. 1186 (J. Wilson)
United States-India Energy Security Cooperation Act of 2007. Section 4 would
authorize the President to establish energy cooperation programs to support R&D and
deployment of various energy projects, including energy efficiency, ethanol, biomass,
and other renewable energy sources. Introduced February 16, 2007; referred to
Committee on Foreign Affairs.
H.R. 1215 (Rogers)
DOE would be authorized $20 billion to make certain loan guarantees for
advanced conservation and fuel efficiency motor vehicle technology projects.
Introduced February 27, 2007; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce and
Science and Technology.

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H.R. 1259 (Adam Smith)
High Performance Buildings Act of 2007. A grant program would be authorized
to improve or carry out energy efficiency, conservation, and reuse of resources in
affordable housing. A Sustainable Building Institute would be established within the
National Science Foundation to undertake or support research, development, and
commercial application of energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies for
buildings. Introduced March 1, 2007; referred to Committees on Financial Services
and Science and Technology.
H.R. 1300 (Hoyer)
Program for Real Energy Security (PROGRESS) Act. Title I would establish
a commission to study and report on options for using alternative fuels to reduce oil
imports. Title II (§ 203) would create a public-private collaborative, “The New
Manhattan Center for High Efficiency Vehicles,” that would focus on battery,
advanced diesel and variable compression engines, plug-in hybrid vehicles with the
goals of doubling vehicle efficiency and diversifying fuels, especially those derived
from renewable resources. Also, Title II (§209) would establish a battery loan
guarantee program to provide incentives to domestic manufacturers. Title III would
establish a biofuels infrastructure grant program to support deployment of ethanol
and biodiesel fuels. Title IV would set renewable fuel regulations to support
investment in new cellulosic ethanol plants (§401), authorize $1 billion for a grant
program to support cellulosic ethanol production (§402), establish quality and
contents standards for biodiesel fuel (§403), require greater use of alternative fuels
in the federal fleet (§404), require a report on vehicles and infrastructure for
alternative fuels (§406), require that the Department of Defense (DOD) set aside a
minimum about of funds for alternative fuel infrastructure (§407), support the
development of alternative fuel refineries for military uses (§408), make plug-in
hybrid vehicles eligible to satisfy federal agency fleet alternative fuel requirements
(§409), and direct the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to study and
recommend procurement of alternative-fueled vehicles for congressional use (§410).
Title V would create an incentive for commuters to use transit (§501), establish a $2
billion grant for expansion of public transit services (§502), require a report on fuel
savings from intelligent transportation systems (§503), establish a mediator to reduce
delays in the development of local commuter rail projects (§513), and promote the
use of guaranteed loans and rail bonds to help state and local governments expand
intercity rail passenger service. Introduced March 1, 2007; referred to Committees
on Energy and Commerce, Armed Services, Oversight and Government Reform,
Science and Technology, Ways and Means, House Administration, and
Transportation and Infrastructure.
H.R. 1331 (Doggett)
Expands the alternative motor vehicle tax credit to include certain qualified
hybrid motor vehicles. Introduced March 6, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways
and Means.
H.R. 1332 (Bean)
Small Business Lending Improvements Act of 2007. Sections 212 and 213
would authorize SBA loans for projects that reduce energy use by at least 10%.
Introduced March 6, 2007; referred to Committee on Small Business. Committee

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markup held March 15, 2007; reported (H.Rept. 110-104) April 20. Passed House
(380-45) April 25, 2007.
H.R. 1356 (Oberstar)/ S. 1076 (Inouye)
Next Generation Air Transportation System Financing Reform Act of 2007.
Section 606 would require the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to establish
a research consortium with goals to increase aircraft fuel efficiency 25% relative to
1997 subsonic aircraft technology and to determine the feasability of using alternative
fuels in aircraft. Senate bill introduced March 29, 2007; referred to Committee on
Finance. House bill introduced March 6, 2007; referred to Committees on
Transportation and Infrastructure, Science and Technology, and Ways and Means.
H.R. 1385 (McDermott)/S. 822 (Snowe)
EXTEND the Energy Efficiency Incentives Act of 2007. Section 101 would
create a new performance-based investment tax credit for residential energy
efficiency improvements that produce an energy savings of 20% or more. The credit
would terminate at the end of 2011. Section 102 would extend the existing (EPACT
§1333) residential tax credit for energy efficiency measures in existing homes for
four years, from the end of 2007 through the end of 2011. Section 201 would extend
the existing (EPACT §1332) tax credit for energy efficiency measures in new homes
for three years, from the end of 2008 through the end of 2011. Section 202 would
extend the existing (EPACT §1331) tax deduction for energy efficiency measures in
commercial buildings through the end of 2012 and increase the amount of the
deduction. Section 203 would establish a new tax deduction for energy efficient
low-rise buildings. Section 204 would expand the list (EPACT §1331) of energy
efficiency measures in commercial buildings that qualify for a tax deduction and
make them eligible through the end of 2011. Section 301 would establish a new tax
credit for energy savings training and certification costs and certification equipment
expenditures. House bill introduced March 7, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways
and Means. Senate bill introduced March 8, 2007; referred to Committee on Finance.
H.R. 1451 (Lundgren)
New Options Petroleum Energy Conservation Act of 2007. Section 2 would
create a 20% investment tax credit for “climate-neutral” combustion facilities.
Section 3 would extend the residential solar energy investment tax credit (EPACT
§ 1333) for four years, from the end of 2008 to the end of 2012. Section 4 would
extend the residential energy efficiency property (EPACT § 1335) investment tax
credit for four years, from the end of 2008 to the end of 2012. Section 5 would create
a $1 billion prize for the first U.S. automobile manufacturer that produces a car that
achieves 100 mpg. Section 6 would authorize $30 million for R&D on lithium ion
batteries. Section 7 would allow refiners to expense costs for property used to refine
ethanol, methanol, and biodiesel fuels. Introduced March 14, 2007; referred to
Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 1500 (DeFazio)
Gasoline Price Stabilization Act of 2007. Section 6 would set up a tax credit
schedule for American-made fuel-efficient passenger vehicles. The credit would be
capped at $3,000 for light trucks (LTs) and sport utility vehicles (SUVs) that have a
minimum fuel economy of 35 mpg and cars that attain a minimum of 45 mpg. The
cap would rise to $4,500 for LTs and SUVs that attain 45 to 55 mpg and cars that

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reach 55 to 65 mpg. The cap would rise further to $6,000 for LTs and SUVs that
attain 55 to 65 mpg and for cars that exceed 65 mpg. Section 9 would direct DOT
to increase corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards to 37 mpg by 2017 and
to 40 mpg by 2022. Section 10 would direct federal agencies to establish a baseline
estimate of average fleet fuel economy in 2008. Each agency would then be directed
to increase fuel economy above that baseline by 3 mpg by 2010 and 6 mpg by 2013.
Introduced March 14, 2007; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Ways
and Means, Oversight and Government Reform, the Judiciary, Natural Resources,
and Foreign Affairs.
H.R. 1506 (Markey)/S. 767 (Obama)
CAFE Fuel Economy Reform Act of 2007. DOT’s National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration (NHTSA) would be directed to increase new passenger car
fuel economy by 4% annually for model year (MY) 2009 through MY2011 and for
MY2013 through MY2018, attaining no less than 35 mpg by MY2018. House bill
introduced March 14, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
Senate bill introduced March 6, 2007; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science,
and Transportation. Also, identical bill S. 768 was referred to the Committee on
Finance.
H.R. 1547 (Harman)
DOE would be required to regulate a steadily increasing efficiency standard for
light bulbs, beginning at 60 lumens per watt in 2012, rising to 90 lumens per watt in
2016, and then to 120 lumens per watt in 2020. At each step, the sale of less-
efficient light bulbs would be prohibited. Also, DOE would be required to develop
a plan for incentives and other encouragement for consumers and businesses use to
use more efficient light bulbs. Introduced March 15, 2007; referred to Committee on
Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 1551 (Kind)/S. 919 (Menendez)
Healthy Farms, Foods, and Fuels Act of 2007. Title II would support energy
programs at USDA. This would include reauthorization of energy audit and
renewable energy development programs (§ 203), renewable energy systems and
energy efficiency programs (§ 204), bioenergy (§ 205), and biomass R&D (§ 206).
House bill introduced March 15, 2007; referred to Committees on Agriculture,
Education and Labor, and Armed Services. Senate bill introduced March 20, 2007;
referred to Committees on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.
H.R. 1585 (Skelton)
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008. Section 2853 would
mandate that the Pentagon use high-energy efficiency light bulbs throughout its
buildings. Section 2854 would require DOD to increase renewable energy purchases
from 9% to 25% of total energy use by the year 2025. Introduced March 20, 2007;
referred to Committee on Armed Services. Reported (H.Rept. 110-146) May 11,
2007. Supplemental report (H.Rept. 110-146, pt. 2) filed May 14, 2007. Passed
House (397-27) May 17, 2007.
H.R. 1590 (Waxman)
Safe Climate Act of 2007. The level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions would
be frozen in 2010 and then gradually reduced each year through 2050. EPA would

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be directed to establish a flexible, economy-wide cap-and-trade emissions reduction
program. Further, EPA would be required to set standards for reducing GHG from
motor vehicles that are at least as stringent as the California standards. DOE would
be directed to manage a renewable portfolio standard that would increase the share
of electricity generated by renewables to 20% in 2020. Further, DOE would be
required to set standards requiring utilities to obtain, each year, 1% of their energy
supplies through energy efficiency improvements at customer facilities. Also, the
National Academy of Sciences would be required to produce a report that
recommends additional measures for reducing emissions. Introduced March 20,
2007; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce and Foreign Affairs.
H.R. 1591 (Obey)
Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Bill, FY2007. Section 3201 of the
Senate-approved version would revise the FY2007 appropriations resolution (P.L.
110-5) to specify that the $1.474 billion for DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy (EERE) shall include $22.8 million for geothermal energy and
$229.5 million for the Weatherization Program. House Committee on
Appropriations reported (H.Rept. 110-60) March 20, 2007. Passed House (218-212)
March 23, 2007. Passed Senate with an amendment (51-47) March 29, 2007. House
disagreed with Senate amendment and agreed to a conference April 19, 2007.
Conference reported (H.Rept. 110-107) April 24, 2007. House agreed to conference
report (218-208) April 25, 2007. Senate agreed to conference report (51-46) April
26, 2007. Vetoed by the President May 1, 2007. House failed to override veto (222-
203) May 2, 2007.
H.R. 1596 (Ferguson)
Clean and Green Renewable Energy Tax Credit Act of 2007. Section 2 would
extend the business investment tax credit for solar and fuel cell equipment from the
end of 2008 through the end of 2030. The 30% credit percentage would be in place
through the end of 2015, drop to 25% in 2022, and then drop again to 20%. Section
3 would extend the residential solar credit through the end of 2015. Also, the cap
would be lifted from $1,000/kw to $1,500/kw. Further, the credit would be allowed
to apply against the alternative minimum tax. Section 4 would establish a three-year
accelerated depreciation period for business solar and fuel cell equipment. Section
5 would extend the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) for five years,
through the end of 2013. For businesses, Section 6a would establish a 30%
investment tax credit for equipment smaller than 100 kw. For home owners, Section
6b would make small wind equipment eligible for the 30% tax credit that currently
applies to residential energy efficiency measures. Section 7 would extend the tax
credit for residential property for two years, through the end of 2009. Incentives
would be established for energy efficiency and renewable energy. Introduced March
20, 2007; referred to Committees on Agriculture, Education and Labor, and Armed
Services.
H.R. 1600 (Cardoza)
EAT Healthy America Act. Title VII would require an inventory of specialty
crop biomass waste, reauthorize the USDA bioenergy program, and provide grants
for development of specialty crop bioenergy projects. Introduced March 29, 2007;
referred to Committees on Agriculture, Ways and Means, Education and Labor,
Energy and Commerce, and Financial Services.

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H.R. 1618 (Camp)
A 10% investment tax credit would be provided for the cost of purchasing a
qualified plug-in hybrid vehicle. The credit would end after 2014. Introduced March
21, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 1705 (Lipinski)
The Bulb Replacement in Government with High-Efficiency Technology
(BRIGHT) Act. The Administrator of General Services would be directed to install
energy efficient lighting fixtures and bulbs in constructing, altering, and maintaining
public buildings. Introduced March 27, 2007; referred to Committee on
Transportation and Infrastructure.
H.R. 1716 (McCaul)
Higher education curriculum development and graduate training in advanced
energy and green building technologies would be authorized. Introduced March 27,
2007; referred to Committee on Science and Technology. Ordered to be reported
May 23, 2007.
H.R. 1766 (Van Hollen)/S. 1346 (Mikulski)
Chesapeake’s Healthy and Environmentally Sound Stewardship of Energy and
Agriculture Act (CHESSEA) Act of 2007. Section 11 would create, under § 9003
of the Farm Security Act, a program at USDA that provides grants, loans, and loan
guarantees for biofuels and biorefineries in Chesapeake Bay Watershed states. A
total of $100 million would be provided annually from the Commodity Credit
Corporation (CCC) for FY2008 through FY2013. Under authority provided by §
9006 of the Farm Security Act, Section 12 would provide grants and loans for
renewable energy and energy efficiency projects, capped at 25% of the project cost.
Funding from the CCC would start at $60 million in FY2008 and increase to $250
million in FY2012. Introduced March 29, 2007; referred to Committee on
Agriculture.
H.R. 1768 (Gordon)
Federal Stimulus of Commercial Application of Energy Technology Act.
Innovative energy technologies derived from federally-sponsored R&D and
demonstration programs would be incorporated into Federal buildings. Introduced
March 29, 2007; referred to Committee on Science and Technology.
H.R. 1772 (Blumenauer)/S. 673 (Salazar)
Rural Wind Energy Development Act. Investment tax credits would be
established for the installation of wind energy property by rural homeowners,
farmers, ranchers, and small businesses. House bill introduced March 29, 2007;
referred to Committee on Ways and Means. Senate bill introduced February 16,
2007; referred to Committee on Finance.
H.R. 1821 (McDermott)/H.R. 1965 (Pomeroy)
Clean Renewable Energy for Public Power Act. The rules for clean energy
renewable bonds would be modified to remove the $400 million cap for public
utilities, redefine “public power entity” to include larger public power systems, and
extend the program for five years. Introduced March 29, 2007; referred to
Committee on Ways and Means.

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H.R. 1838 (Sherman)/S. 838 (Smith)
United States-Israel Energy Cooperation Act. Enhanced cooperation would be
focused on renewable energy R&D. DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy would be directed to administer a grant program that supports this
cooperation and to report on its results. A revolving fund, the Energy Research and
Development Activities Fund, would be created at the Department of the Treasury.
Also, $20 million per year would be authorized for FY2008 through FY2014. House
bill introduced March 29, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
Senate bill introduced March 12, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources.
H.R. 1888 (Hoekstra)
Cool and Efficient Buildings Act. A 20-year depreciation recovery period,
calculated on a straight line basis, would be created for heating, ventilation, air
conditioning, or commercial refrigeration systems installed in nonresidential
buildings. Introduced April 17, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 1920 (Inslee)/S. 1151 (Obama)
Health Care for Hybrids Act. A program would be created to provide up to 10%
of the health care costs for retired auto industry employees. In exchange, each
company would agree to invest half of its reduced costs into R&D, retooling,
manufacture, and/or employee retraining for the use of fuel-efficient and alternative
fuel technologies in its vehicle lines. House bill introduced April 18, 2007; referred
to Committees on Ways and Means and Energy and Commerce. Senate bill
introduced April 18, 2007; referred to Committee on Finance.
H.R. 1924 (Meek)/S. 411 (Smith)
After 2006, the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) would be
modified to eliminate the reduction in the credit rate for power produced by
open-loop biomass, small irrigation power, landfill gas, trash combustion, and
hydropower facilities. Thus, the same credit rate would be allowed for all renewable
resource facilities covered by the credit. House Bill introduced April 18, 2007;
referred to Committee on Ways and Means. Senate bill introduced January 26, 2007;
referred to Committee on Finance.
H.R. 1945 (Shays)
Energy For Our Future Act. Section 102 would repeal the limit on the number
of new hybrid and advanced lean-burn technology vehicles that would qualify for the
alternative motor vehicles manufacturers credit. Also, it would allow a composite
energy efficient motor vehicle manufacturing tax credit consisting of an initial
investment credit, a fuel economy achievement credit, and an eligible components
research and development credit. Section 103 would direct DOT to designate
transit-oriented development (TOD) corridors in urban areas, and award grants to
state and local governments to for public transit facilities, bicycle facilities, and
pedestrian walkways in such a corridor. Section 104 would amend federal
transportation law to prescribe phased increases in automobile fuel economy
standards. Section 105 would subject sport utility vehicles (SUVs) to the
depreciation limit for certain luxury automobiles. Section 106 would require DOT
to implement a tire efficiency program. Section 107 would direct DOT to set fuel
economy standards for heavy-duty vehicles. Section 201 would double the funding

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authorization for the DOE weatherization program. Section 202 would authorize
funding for the Energy Star Program. Section 203 would extend the renewable
electricity production tax credit (PTC) for five years. It also would extend the
investment tax credit for residential energy efficient property for seven years.
Section 204 would set energy efficiency resource standards for retail electricity and
natural gas suppliers that would reach 3% by 2011. Section 205 would set a federal
renewable portfolio standard (RPS) that would start at 1% in 2009 and reach 20% by
2020. Section 206 would make net metering service available from all electric
utilities. Title II, Subtitle B, would extend and modify several existing tax incentives
for energy efficiency. It would also create some new incentives for efficiency.
Section 406 would repeal the federal preemption of state law for automobile fuel
economy standards. Title V would authorize funding for several renewable energy
R&D programs. Introduced April 19, 2007; referred to Committees on Energy and
Commerce, Natural Resources, Science and Technology, Transportation and
Infrastructure, and Ways and Means.
H.R. 1954 (Grijalva)
For the renewable electricity production tax credit (PTC), tax benefits would be
allocated among multiple owners of a qualified facility. Further, Indian tribal
governments would be allowed to transfer the tax benefits other owners. Introduced
April 19, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 1965 (Pomeroy)/H.R. 1821 (McDermott)
For clean renewable energy bonds (CREBs), a limit of $1 billion per year would
be set for 2008 and 2009. Of these amounts, the amount available to governments
would be limited to $625 million per year. Also, certain modifications would be
made to the reimbursement period and amortization structure. Introduced April 19,
2007; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 1977 (Berkley)
The solar and geothermal investment tax credit would be expanded to include
public utility property. Introduced April 20, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways
and Means.
H.R. 1987 (Jefferson)
The small agri-biodiesel tax credit would be expanded to include biodiesel
derived from waste vegetable oils. Introduced April 20, 2007; referred to Committee
on Ways and Means.
H.R. 2036 (Inslee)/S. 1511 (Akaka)
Marine and Hydrokinetic Renewable Energy Promotion Act. DOE would be
directed to create a marine and hydrokinetic renewable energy R&D program.
Section 4 would establish a fund to make loans to projects producing marine and
hydrokinetic renewable energy. Section 5 would require programmatic
environmental impact statements for deployment in U.S. navigable waters. Section
6 would expand the renewable electricity production tax credit (PTC) to cover this
equipment. Section 7 would expand the 30% business investment credit and
five-year depreciation to include this equipment. House bill introduced April 25,
2007; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Science and Technology,

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Ways and Means, and Natural Resources. Senate bill introduced May 24, 2007;
referred to Committee on Finance.
H.R. 2037 (Kaptur)
Each state and the District of Columbia would be required to ensure that
gasoline contains a specified percentage of renewable fuel. The percentages would
be set at 15% after 2014, 25% after 2019, and 30% after 2024. Introduced April 25,
2007; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, and Agriculture.
H.R. 2038 (Kind)/S. 1154 (Nelson)
Biogas Production Incentive Act of 2007. A business tax credit for “biogas”
production and sales would be established. Eligible biogas must be derived by
processing a qualified feedstock — such as livestock manure and other waste
material — in an anaerobic digester that contains at least 60% methane and carbon
dioxide and trace gases. USDA would be directed to make counter-cyclical payments
to qualified biogas producers for facility development. Also, USDA would establish
loans, loan guarantees and grants for qualified providers to collect and transport
feedstocks to a biogas facility or for equipment and facilities that help collect and
transport feedstocks. House bill introduced April 25, 2007; referred to Committees
on Ways and Means and Agriculture. Senate bill introduced April 18, 2007; referred
to Committee on Finance.
H.R. 2039 (Levin)
Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Act of 2007. The alternative fuel vehicle
refueling property tax credit would be increased from 30%, with a cap at $30,000, to
50%, with a cap at $50,000. Also, the credit termination date would be extended to
December 31, 2014. Introduced April 25, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways and
Means.
H.R. 2079 (L. Smith)
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Act of 2007. DOE would be directed to
conduct an R, D, and D program for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and related
advanced vehicle technologies. Also, a competitive grant program would be created
to support plug-in hybrid electric vehicle demonstration projects by state and local
governments and by regional transportation authorities. Introduced April 30, 2007;
referred to Committee on Science and Technology.
H.R. 2083 (Gordon)/S. 1101 (Lincoln)
The energy efficiency regulatory standard for residential clothes washers would
be put into law. The standard for residential dishwashers would by increased by 35%
in 2010 and thereafter. The standard for residential dehumidifiers would be increased
in 2012 and thereafter. Also, DOE would be directed to set a new standard for
refrigerators in a rulemaking that would take effect by 2014. House bill introduced
May 1, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce. Senate bill
introduced April 12, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
H.R. 2112 (Israel)
Purchasing Low-Emission Vehicles for Use in Government (PLUG) Act of
2007. The federal government would be directed to acquire at least 50,000 plug-in

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hybrid electric vehicles over five fiscal years. Introduced May 2, 2007; referred to
Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.
H.R. 2137 (Levin)
Super-Efficient Appliance Incentives and Market Transformation Act of 2007.
EPACT (P.L. 109-58) established investment tax credits for manufacturers of certain
types of energy efficient appliances. The bill would modify the credit for certain
dishwashers, clothes washers, refrigerators, and dehumidifiers produced after 2007.
The credit would be capped at $100 million per year. House bill introduced May 3,
2007; referred to Committee on Ways and Means. Senate bill introduced May 24,
2007; referred to Committee on Finance.
H.R. 2154 (Herseth)
Rural Energy for America Act of 2007. Section 9006 (the renewable energy
systems and energy efficiency improvement program) of the 2002 Farm Security Act
would be reauthorized through 2012, and it would be renamed as the Rural Energy
for America Program (REAP). Rural school districts would be eligible for REAP.
REAP would be authorized to provide assistance to those that produce and sell
electricity generated by new renewable energy systems. The maximum amount of
loan guarantees for most projects would be increased to $25 million. The maximum
amount of loan guarantees would be increased to $100 million for projects producing
renewable fuels from cellulosic biomass. States and other eligible entities could
receive grants to provide rebates to farmers, ranchers, rural school districts, and rural
small businesses to purchase renewable energy systems and make energy efficiency
improvements. Rebates would be limited to the lower of $10,000 or 50% of the
purchase cost. Overall funding authority for REAP would increase from $71 million
in FY2008 to $250 million in FY2012. Introduced May 3, 2007; referred to
Committee on Agriculture.
H.R. 2171 (Reyes)
Knowledge Is Power Act. Electric utilities would be required to disclose to
consumers, through their periodic billing statements, the percentage mix of energy
technologies and fuels used to generate the electricity sold within the distribution
utility’s distribution area. In describing such mix, each such utility shall disclose the
percentage of electricity generated from coal, from gas, from nuclear, from any other
fuel, and from any particular type (including solar, wind, biomass, landfill gas, ocean
tidal, ocean wave, ocean current, ocean thermal, geothermal, municipal solid waste,
or hydroelectric) of renewable energy. Introduced May 3, 2007; referred to the
Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 2178 (Walberg)
The Energy Independence Through Bio-diesel Act. Starting five years after
enactment, all diesel fuel would be required to contain a minimum of 2% biofuel.
Introduced May 3, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 2196 (Reyes)
Knowledge Is Power Act. This bill is identical to H.R. 2171. Introduced May
7, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.

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H.R. 2215 (Inslee)
EPA would be directed to establish a low-carbon fuel performance standard for
fuels used in motor vehicles. The standard would be expressed as an average over
a five-year period. Relative to an EPA-determined baseline, the standard would
require greenhouse gas emissions to be reduced by a 3% average over the period
from 2015 through 2019. The standard would increased gradually, until it reached
21% for the period from 2045 through 2049. A standard would also be set for
aircraft fuel. These standards would also likely have the effect of improving vehicle
fuel use efficiency. Introduced May 8, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and
Commerce.
H.R. 2218 (Kaptur)
Biofuels Energy independence Act of 2007. USDA would be authorized to
create loan programs and loan guarantee programs to support the development,
production, distribution, and storage of biofuels. Also, USDA would be authorized
to establish a Biofuels Feedstocks Energy Reserve. Conditions would be set to guide
USDA in making purchases to the reserve, releases from the reserve, and storage
payments to producers. Introduced May 8, 2007; referred to Committee on
Agriculture.
H.R. 2229 (Gordon)
United States-Israel Energy Cooperation Act. A grant program would be
established at DOE to fund eligible ventures between the United States and Israel to
support R&D and commercialization renewable energy, energy efficiency, and
alternative fossil energy sources. (This bill is similar, but not identical, to H.R. 1838
and S. 838.) Introduced May 9, 2007; referred to Committee on Science and
Technology.
H.R. 2261 (Lucas)
Rural America Energy Act of 2007. Section 2 would authorize USDA’s
Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) to make $25 million in loans for projects
involving cellulosic ethanol cogeneration, cellulosic hydrogen for fuel cells, and
biomass gasification. Section 3 would increase CCC funding for small renewable
energy (§ 9006) projects. Section 4 would extend the renewable energy production
tax credit (PTC) for five years, through the end of 2013. Section 5 would authorize
$1 million for feasibility studies of a dedicated ethanol pipeline. Section 6 would
promote production of biofuels crops. Section 7 would provide transitional
assistance to farmers that plant dedicated crops for a cellulosic ethanol refinery.
Section 8 would establish a tax credit for wind energy equipment installation by rural
home owners, ranchers, farmers, and small businesses. Introduced May 10, 2007;
referred to Committees on Agriculture, Ways and Means, Financial Services, and
Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 2296 (Garlach)
To reduce the Nation’s oil dependence and enhance the Nation’s ability to
produce alternative fuels. Introduced May 14, 2007; referred to Committee on
Energy and Commerce, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, Committee
on Ways and Means.

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H.R. 2298 (Gordon)
Ground source (geothermal) heat pump systems would become eligible for the
business investment tax credit. This credit (IRC section 48[a][3]) is currently
available for solar and geothermal equipment. Introduced May 14, 2007; referred to
Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 2304 (McNerney)
Advanced Geothermal Energy Research and Development Act of 2007. DOE’s
program for geothermal energy R&D, demonstration, and commercial application
would be expanded to cover certain advanced concepts. Introduced May 14, 2007;
referred to Committee on Science and Technology.
H.R. 2305 (Nunes)
Energy Conservation through ‘Smart Meters’ Act of 2007. A five-year
accelerated depreciation recovery period would be established for qualified energy
management devices. Introduced May 14, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways and
Means.
H.R. 2313 (Hooley)
Marine Renewable Energy Research and Development Act of 2007. R&D,
demonstration, and commercial application programs would be established at DOE
for marine renewable energy technologies. Introduced May 15, 2007; referred to
Committee on Science and Technology.
H.R. 2337 (Rahall)
Energy Policy Reform and Revitalization Act of 2007. Sections 231through 235
would require wind energy developers to assess and mitigate the impact of turbines
on birds and wildlife. Section 307 would establish a pilot program to develop a
strategic solar reserve, and would identify and assess potential sites on federal lands
for concentrating solar power (CSP) systems. Section 309 would establish a program
to use biomass from federal forest lands. Introduced May 16, 2007; referred to
Committee on Natural Resources, Committee on Agriculture, Committee on Science
and Technology. Hearing held May 23, 2007.
H.R. 2354 (Visclosky)/S. 133 (Obama)
American Fuels Act of 2007. Section 2 would create an Office of Energy
Security in the Executive Office of the President. Section 3 would provide a
production tax credit to manufacturers of flexible fuel vehicles. Section 4 would
establish a retail sales incentive for alternative fuels. Section 5 would prohibit certain
restrictions on the installation of alternative fuel pumps. Section 6 would create an
increasing percentage standard for biodiesel, or other alternative diesel fuel, content
in diesel fuels. Section 7 would create an excise tax credit for the production of
cellulosic ethanol from biomass. Section 8 would establish an incentive for federal
and state fleets to use medium- and heavy-duty hybrid vehicles. Section 9 would
establish an investment tax credit for qualified ethanol blending and processing
equipment. Section 10 would increase public access to alternative fuel refueling
stations on federal property. Section 11 would restrict the use of funds in the Mass
Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund to the purchase of clean fuel buses.
Section 12 would require the Department of Defense to increase the use of alternative
fuels. Section 13 would increase federal requirements for the use of electric vehicles

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and plug-in hybrid vehicles. Introduced May 16, 2007; referred to Committee on
Energy and Commerce, Committee on Ways and Means, Committee on
Transportation and Infrastructure, Committee on Armed Services, Committee on
Oversight and Government Reform, Committee on Judiciary. Senate bill introduced
January 4, 2007; referred to Committee on Finance.
H.R. 2361 (Doggett)
Responsible Renewable Energy Tax Credit Act of 2007. The tax credit for
renewable diesel would be disallowed whenever the fuel is produced in part from
petroleum, natural gas, or coal feedstocks. Introduced May 17, 2007; referred to
Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 2372 (DeLauro)
Windfall Energy Alternatives for the Nation (WEAN) Off of Oil Act of 2007.
Section 2 would impose a temporary windfall profit tax on crude oil. Section 3
would deposit revenues from the tax into a Strategic Energy Efficiency and
Renewables Reserve. Funds from the Reserve would be available to offset (make
deficit-neutral) the cost of subsequent legislation to invest in renewable energy and
energy efficiency measures. Introduced May 17, 2007; referred to Committees on
Ways and Means, Budget, and Rules.
H.R. 2389 (Shuler)
Small Energy Efficient Businesses Act. Loans, grants, and debentures would
be established to help small businesses develop, invest in, and purchase energy
efficient buildings, fixtures, equipment, and technology. Introduced May 17, 2007;
referred to Committee on Small Business. Hearings held, ordered to be reported May
23, 2007.
H.R. 2420 (Lantos)
International Climate Cooperation Re-engagement Act of 2007. Title I would
direct the Administration to resume international climate change negotiations that
would subject the U.S. to binding cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. It would also
establish an Office on Global Climate Change within the Department of State to be
headed by an Ambassador-at-Large for global climate change who would be the
United States’ chief negotiator in future climate talks. Title II would promote clean
and efficient energy technologies in foreign countries, provide assistance to
developing countries, provide educational outreach to India and China, expand or
create trade missions to encourage private sector trade and investment in clean energy
technologies, and would direct the Agency for International Development to work
with developing nations to improve energy efficiency and adopt clean energy
technology. Title III would establish the International Clean Energy Foundation to
make grants to promote alternative energy technology projects outside of the United
States, and would seek contributions from foreign governments to supplement U.S.
funding of such projects. Appropriations would be authorized. Introduced May 22,
2007; referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Ordered to be reported May 23,
2007.
H.R. 2426 (Boswell)
Ethanol Infrastructure Expansion Act of 2007. DOE would be required to fund
feasibility studies for constructing dedicated ethanol pipelines (§4). Also, DOE

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would be directed to carry out a program to address technical factors that prevent
ethanol transportation in existing pipelines (§5). Funding at $1 million would be
authorized for each program (§6). Introduced May 22, 2007; referred to Committee
on Transportation and Infrastructure.
H.R. 2428 (Edwards)
Biofuels Research Initiative Act of 2007. A Bio Energy Consortium of
universities would be established to coordinate bioenergy and biomass R&D
programs. Competitive grants for such R&D would be distributed through regional
consortia to land grant universities. A funding level of $50 million would be
authorized. Introduced May 22, 1007; referred to Committee on Agriculture.
H.R. 2437 (Israel)
A DOE advisory committee would be established to recommend strategies for
energy efficiency and renewable energy finance and investment options. Introduced
May 22, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 2441 (Matheson)
Renewable Schools Energy Act of 2007. Interest-free bonds would be provided
to public school districts in certain eligible states for the purchase of renewable
energy products and systems. Total bonding authority would be $50 million for
2008, $100 million for 2009, and $150 million for 2010. Introduced May 22, 2007;
referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 2447 (Wynn)
Energy and Environment Block Grant Act of 2007. A program would be
established to provide grants to local governments for development and
implementation of an Energy Efficiency and Climate Protection Strategy. Funding
would be authorized. Introduced May 23, 2007; referred to Committees on Energy
and Commerce and Science and Technology.
H.R. 2454 (Burgess)
Twenty percent biodiesel (B20) fuel blends would be qualified as an alternative
fuel for corporate average fuel economy purposes. Introduced May 23, 2007;
referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 2459 (Fossella)
Reduce Individuals’ Dependence on Energy Act of 2007 (RIDE Act of 2007).
An income tax deduction, capped at $1,320, would be provided to individuals for
certain mass public transportation expenses. Introduced May 23, 2007; referred to
Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 2483 (R. Hall)
Support would be provided for R&D and demonstration on energy technologies
to ensure the Nation’s continued supply and efficient use of affordable, reliable, and
clean energy. Introduced May 24, 2007; referred to Committee on Science and
Technology.

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H.R. 2496 (Conaway)
Fuel Consumption Education Act. A public-private partnership between DOE
and industry groups would be established to create a public education campaign to
inform drivers about short term measures that conserve transportation fuel.
Introduced May 24, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 2513 (J. Hall)
Advertising for any automobile model would be required to show fuel use and
fuel cost for that model. Introduced May 24, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy
and Commerce.
H.R. 2528 (Markey)/S. 1434 (Pryor)
Federal Building Renewal and Energy Savings Act of 2007. Section 2 would
require each federal agency to conduct an energy and water assessment of its
buildings and facilities every three years, implement water and energy efficiency
saving measures based on the assessment, use a web-based tracking system to certify
compliance, and record energy use data into a benchmarking system such as the
Energy Star Portfolio Manager. Section 3 would promote federal agency use of
energy savings performance contracts (ESPCs) and utility energy service contracts.
House bill introduced May 24, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and
Commerce. Senate bill introduced May 12, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy
and Natural Resources.
H.R. 2555 (H. Wilson)
Renewable Energy Credit Extension Act of 2007. Section 2 would extend the
electricity production tax credit (PTC) for certain renewable resources for five years,
to the end of 2013. Section 3 would allow otherwise unused portions of the credit
to be transferred to a third party. Introduced May 24, 2007; referred to Committee
on Ways and Means.
H.R. 2556 (H. Wilson)/S. 1321 (Bingaman)
Energy Savings Act of 2007. Title I is the Biofuels for Energy Security and
Transportation Act. Subtitle A would extend and increase the Renewable Fuels
Standard, starting with 8.5 billion gallons in 2008 and rising to 36 billion gallons in
2022. Starting in 2016, an increasing portion of the requirement would have to be
met with advanced biofuels, including cellulosic ethanol, biobutanol, and other fuel
derived from unconventional biomass feedstocks. Subtitle B would provide grants
for renewable fueling infrastructure, increase the DOE bioenergy R&D funding
authorization, establish 11 bioenergy research centers, provide loan guarantees for
renewable fuel facilities, provide research grants for states with low rates of ethanol
production, provide grants for infrastructure for transportation of biomass to local
refineries, establish a biorefinery information center, and establish a national
biodiesel fuel quality standard. Title II is the Energy Efficiency Promotion Act.
Subtitle A would promote energy efficient lighting technologies and expand certain
lighting efficiency standards. Subtitle B would expedite new energy efficiency
standards for heating and cooling products and home appliances, provide incentives
for the manufacture of energy efficient consumer electronics, and establish an
efficiency program for industrial and commercial facilities. Subtitle C would
authorize funding for a DOE R&D program on lightweight materials, provide loan
guarantees for fuel-efficient auto parts manufacturers, provide incentives for

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advanced technology automobile manufacturing, authorize awards for qualified
investments to refurbish manufacturing facilities that produced advanced technology
vehicles, authorize a 10-year R&D program to support the ability of the U.S. to
remain globally competitive in global energy storage systems for motor
transportation, and authorize a five-year R&D program for electric drive
technologies. Subtitle D would set national goals for reducing gasoline usage in
transportation, set goals for improving overall energy productivity, authorize funding
to educate consumers about how to save energy, and direct modernization of the
electricity grid system. Subtitle E would require federal fleets to reduce gasoline
usage, increase federal purchase of renewable energy, authorize the Energy-Saving
Performance Contracts (ESPCs) program permanently, require federal buildings to
reduce energy use, require the identification of federal sites for combined heat and
power (CHP), require that fossil energy use in federal buildings be reduced, establish
an initiative for energy efficient commercial buildings, and require HUD to update
efficiency standards for all public and assisted housing. Subtitle F would increase
authorized funding for the DOE Weatherization program, reauthorize the State
Energy program, require state utility regulatory commissions to consider federal
standards to promote energy efficiency, authorize NREL to provide technical
assistance, authorize grants to local governments, authorize grants to universities for
demonstration projects, authorize workforce training programs, and authorize
assistance to states to reduce school bus idling. Senate bill introduced May 7, 2007;
referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Reported (S.Rept. 110-65)
May 7, 2007. House bill introduced May 24, 2007; referred to Committees on
Energy and Commerce, Science and Technology, Transportation and Infrastructure,
Oversight and Government, and Financial Services. Senate bill introduced May 7,
2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Reported (S.Rept.
110-65) May 7, 2007.
Senate Bills (with House Companions)
S.Con.Res. 3 (Salazar)/H.Con.Res. 25 (Peterson)
The sense of the Congress would be expressed that it is the goal of the United
States that, not later than January 1, 2025, the agricultural, forestry, and working land
of the United States should provide from renewable resources not less than 25% of
the total energy consumed in the United States and continue to produce safe,
abundant, and affordable food, feed, and fiber. Senate bill introduced January 17,
2006; referred to Committee on Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.
House bill introduced January 10, 2007; referred to Committees on Agriculture,
Energy and Commerce, and Natural Resources.
S.Con.Res. 21 (Conrad)/H.Con.Res. 99 (Spratt)
This resolution would revise the congressional budget for FY2007, establish
the budget for FY2008, and set forth appropriate budgetary levels for FY2009
through FY2012. Section 307 of the Senate resolution would create a deficit-neutral
reserve fund that could be used for renewable energy, energy efficiency, and
responsible development of oil and natural gas. Section 332 would create a deficit-
neutral reserve fund for extension through 2015 of certain energy tax incentives,
including the renewable energy electricity production tax credit (PTC), Clean
Renewable Energy Bonds, and provisions for energy efficient buildings, products,
and power plants. Section 338 would create a deficit-neutral reserve fund for

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manufacturing initiatives that could include tax and R&D measures that support
alternative fuels, automotive technologies, energy technologies, and the infrastructure
to support the technologies. The House resolution provides funding for energy
(Function 270) above the President’s request that “could be used for research,
development, and deployment of renewable and alternative energy.” Section 207 of
the House resolution would create a deficit-neutral reserve fund that fulfills the
purposes of H.R. 6 (CLEAN Energy Act, §301a), namely to “facilitate the
development of conservation and energy efficiency technologies, clean domestic
renewable energy resources, and alternative fuels that will reduce our reliance on
foreign oil.” Senate Committee on the Budget reported (without written report)
March 16, 2007. Passed Senate (52-47) March 23, 2007. House Committee on the
Budget reported (H.Rept. 110-69) March 23, 2007. Passed House (216-210) March
28, 2007. Senate bill passed in House with amendment (212-207) May 8, 2007;
House appointed conferees. Senate appointed conferees May 9, 2007. Conference
reported (H.Rept. 110-153) May 17, 2007. House agreed to conference report (214-
209) May 17, 2007. Senate agreed to conference report (52-40) May 17, 2007.
S.Res. 30 (Biden)/H.Con.Res. 104 (Carnahan)
The sense of the Senate would be expressed that the United States should return
to international negotiations on climate change and take a leadership role in those
negotiations. The resolution would recognize that there are security and economic
benefits from reducing greenhouse gas emissions and from markets for new, climate-
friendly technologies. Senate bill introduced January 16, 2007; referred to
Committee on Foreign Relations. Reported (without a written report) March 29,
2007. House bill introduced April 23, 2007. Referred to Committee on Foreign
Affairs April 29, 2007.
S.Res. 113 (Bingaman)
On the 30th anniversary of the incorporation of the Alliance to Save Energy, the
resolution commends the achievements of the Alliance and recognizes its
importance. Passed Senate March 20, 2007.
S. 6 (Reid)
National Energy and Environmental Security Act of 2007. Expresses the sense
of Congress that Congress should enact, and the President should sign, legislation to
enhance the security of the United States by reducing the dependence of the United
States on foreign and unsustainable energy sources and the risks of global warming
by requiring greenhouse gas reductions and supporting environmentally friendly
technologies. Introduced January 4, 2007; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 23 (Harkin)/H.R. 559 (Delahunt)
Biofuels Security Act of 2007. Section 101 would modify the EPACT (§1501)
requirement that renewable fuel content reach 7.5 billion gallons in 2012,
accelerating the requirement to 10 billion gallons by 2010 and then rising to 30
billion gallons by 2020 and 60 billion gallons by 2030. Other provisions would
require E85 pumps at branded gasoline stations (§102), increased use of alternative
fuels in the federal fleet (§103), increased manufacturers percentage of dual-fueled
vehicles (§201), and increased manufacturers incentives for dual-fueled vehicles
(§202). Senate bill introduced January 4, 2007; referred to Committee on
Commerce, Science, and Transportation. House bill introduced January 18, 2007;

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referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Oversight and Government
Reform, and Judiciary.
S. 36 (Thune)
Biofuels Innovation Program Act of 2007. Matching grants up to $30,000
would be created for business planning and assistance to develop farm-based
production of dedicated energy and biomass crops and to attract or create a cellulosic
biofuels facility. Also, incentives would be offered to farmers who plant switchgrass,
and other cellulosic feedstocks, and deliver them to biorefineries. Introduced May
23, 2007; referred to Committee on Agriculture.
S. 129 (Allard)
Energy-Efficient Computer Servers Study. Section 1 would direct EPA to study
and report to Congress on the growth in energy use by computer servers. Section 2
would express the sense of the Senate that it is in the best interest of the United States
for purchasers of computer servers to give high priority to energy efficiency as a
factor in determining best value and performance. Introduced January 4, 2007;
referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 133 (Obama)/H.R. 2354 (Visclosky)
American Fuels Act of 2007. Section 2 would create an Office of Energy
Security in the Executive Office of the President. Section 3 would provide a
production tax credit to manufacturers of flexible fuel vehicles. Section 4 would
establish a retail sales incentive for alternative fuels. Section 5 would prohibit certain
restrictions on the installation of alternative fuel pumps. Section 6 would create an
increasing percentage standard for biodiesel, or other alternative diesel fuel, content
in diesel fuels. Section 7 would create an excise tax credit for the production of
cellulosic ethanol from biomass. Section 8 would establish an incentive for federal
and state fleets to use medium- and heavy-duty hybrid vehicles. Section 9 would
establish an investment tax credit for qualified ethanol blending and processing
equipment. Section 10 would increase public access to alternative fuel refueling
stations on federal property. Section 11 would restrict the use funds in the Mass
Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund to the purchase of clean fuel buses.
Section 12 would require the Department of Defense to increase the use of alternative
fuels. Section 13 would increase federal requirements for the use of electric vehicles
and plug-in hybrid vehicles. Senate bill introduced January 4, 2007; referred to
Committee on Finance. House bill introduced May 16, 2007; referred to Committees
on Energy and Commerce, Science and Technology, Ways and Means,
Transportation and Infrastructure, Oversight and Government Reform, Armed
Services, and Judiciary.
S. 146 (Boxer)
Government Fleet Fuel Economy Act of 2007. The federal government would
be required to purchase and lease fuel efficient automobiles. Introduced January 4,
2007; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
S. 162 (Lugar)
National Fuels Initiative. Section 102 would modify and extend the alcohol fuel
and alternative fuel tax credits. Section 103 would require major oil companies to
phase-in the installation of E85 fuel pumps at gasoline stations, reaching 100% by

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2017. Section 104 would require manufacturers to increase the share of dual fueled
automobiles to 100% by 2017. Introduced January 4, 2007; referred to Committee
on Finance.
S. 167 (Boxer)/H.R. 395 (Salazar)
Cellulosic Ethanol Development and Implementation Act of 2007. DOE would
be required to provide grants to eligible entities to carry out research, development,
and demonstration projects on cellulosic ethanol and construct infrastructure that
enables retail gas stations to dispense cellulosic ethanol for vehicle fuel to reduce the
consumption of petroleum-based fuel. Introduced January 4, 2007; referred to
Committee on Environment and Public Works.
S. 183 (Stevens)
Improved Passenger Automobile Fuel Economy Act of 2007. The corporate
average fuel economy (CAFÉ) standard for passenger automobiles would be
increased to 40 miles per gallon by 2017. Introduced January 4, 2007; referred to
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
S. 193 (Lugar)
Energy Diplomacy and Security Act of 2007. Expresses the sense of Congress
on several aspects of international energy cooperation, with a special emphasis on
increasing the use of sustainable energy sources. Urges the Department of State to
seek immediately to establish: (1) strategic energy partnerships with the governments
of major energy producers and major energy consumers, and with governments of
other countries; (2) petroleum crisis response mechanisms with the governments of
China and India; (3) a Western Hemisphere energy crisis response mechanism; and
(4) a regional-based ministerial Hemisphere Energy Cooperation Forum. Urges the
President to place on the agenda for discussion at the Governing Board of the
International Energy Agency the merits of establishing an international energy
program application procedure. Urges the Hemisphere Energy Cooperation Forum
(established in response to this act) to implement: (1) an Energy Crisis Initiative; (2)
an Energy Sustainability Initiative; and (3) an Energy for Development Initiative.
Encourages the Department of State to approach other governments in the Western
Hemisphere to seek cooperation in establishing a Hemisphere Energy Industry Group
of industry and government representatives, coordinated by the U.S. Government
Introduced January 4, 2007; referred to Committee on Foreign Relations. Reported
(S.Rept. 110-54) April 12, 2007.
S. 280 (Lieberman)/H.R. 620 (Olver)
Climate Stewardship and Innovation Act of 2007. A program to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions would be established through a market-driven system of
tradeable allowances and support for the deployment of new climate change-related
technologies. Section 323 may be the most significant for energy efficiency and
renewable energy: DOE would be directed to create a production incentive, funded
with proceeds from an auction of tradeable emission allowances (specified in §162),
for R&D on low-cost/no-cost (full life cycle basis) emission reduction technologies,
with a maximum project value of $100 million. Also, Title III’s Subtitle A on
“Innovation Infrastructure” includes a study of technology transfer barriers and
increase of innovation incentive from15% to 25% (§311), authorization for the
Department of Commerce to create a nonprofit enterprise that supports technologies

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(§312), empowerment of national laboratories to establish spinoff enterprises (§313),
a directive that the National Science Foundation create a plan to support technologies
at universities (§314), a 50% grant program at the Department of Commerce to
support deployment of technologies (§315), a study of patent law to facilitate
technology deployment (§318), and information distribution about DOE’s best
practices for energy efficiency programs, (§319). Subtitle B includes DOE audit
incentives for retail electricity suppliers (§351), R&D on transportation options such
as renewable hydrogen, cellulosic ethanol, and biodiesel (§352), and energy audits
for large commercial businesses (§353). Senate bill introduced January 12, 2007;
referred to Committee on Environment and Public Works. House bill introduced
January 22, 2007; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Science and
Technology, and Natural Resources.
S. 298 (Murkowski)
Renewable Energy, Fuel Reduction, and Economic Stabilization and
Enhancement Act of 2007. Also referred to as the REFRESH Act. DOE would be
authorized funding for a grant program to support geothermal energy (§ 101), ocean
energy (§ 102), and plug-in hybrid vehicles (§ 103). The National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration (NHTSA) would be required to study and report on testing of
CAFE standards (§ 201), and prescribe tire efficiency standards (§ 202). DOT would
be authorized to create a grant program for states to support telecommuting to curb
traffic congestion. Introduced January 16, 2007; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 306 (Schumer)/H.R. 490 (McNulty)
Mohawk River Hydroelectric Projects Licensing Act of 2007. The Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) would be prohibited from issuing a new
license for a hydroelectric project on the Mohawk River in New York state if the
project has been operating under annual licenses for 10 or more years, unless FERC
(1) issues a public notice that it will accept other valid license applications to develop
or dispose of the project works or water resource (including certain nonpower license
applications) and (2) approves a license application, according to the requirements
of this act, if other valid license applications are submitted, or if FERC has issued a
new license that is not yet final. Also, processing and approval procedures would be
established. Any new power license issued for such a project would be required to
include the same license conditions relating to the use of affected waters, as provided
in the license for a specified Potomac Light & Power Company Project. Further, this
act would be declared as applicable to specified hydroelectric projects for which (1)
a new license has been issued at the time of this act but which has not yet become
final under law, (2) there are pending judicial appeals, (3) the time has not yet lapsed
for filing such appeals, or (4) there is a pending appeal of the Clean Water Act
section 401 Water Quality Certificate. Senate bill introduced January 16, 2007;
referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. House bill introduced
January 16, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
S. 309 (Sanders)
Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act. The Clean Air Act would be
amended to direct EPA to set milestones for reducing greenhouse gas emissions
through a number of market-based programs and other means, of which many
involve energy efficiency or renewable energy. Section 704 includes a declining
emissions cap with a technology-indexed stop price, that involves energy efficiency

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and renewable energy technologies. Section 707 would set certain standards for
vehicle CO emissions, which may have a similar effect as vehicle energy efficiency
2
standards, such as those in the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standard.
It also calls for an NAS study of the potential for energy efficiency technologies to
reduce emissions in the non-highway portion of the transportation sector. Sections
708 and 709 establish electric generation standards that call for improved energy
efficiency. Section 711(c) would express the Sense of the Senate that federal funds
for clean, low-carbon energy R&D and deployment should be increased by at least
100% each year for 10 years. Section 712 would direct EPA to create an energy
efficiency performance standard that calls on retail electricity suppliers (utilities) to
reduce electricity use, starting with 0.25% 2008 and rising steadily to 9.0% in 2020,
along with a national system of tradable credits and a minimum fee of four cents per
kilowatt-hour (kwh). Section 713 would require that EPA establish a renewable
energy portfolio standard (RPS) with a target that starts at 5% in 2008 and rises
steadily to 20% in 2020. Section 716 would call for the President to establish a task
force to recommend a strategy for a foreign assistance program that supports low-
carbon (renewable) and energy efficiency technologies. Section 719 would amend
the renewable fuel standard (RFS) to require that at least 5 billion gallons of low-
carbon renewable fuels come into commercial use in vehicles by 2015. Section 721
would require federal executive branch agencies to use vehicles that are “as fuel-
efficient as practicable.” Introduced February 8, 2007; referred to Committee on
Environment and Public Works.
S. 317 (Feinstein)
Electric Utility Cap and Trade Act of 2007. Under Title I, Section 717 would
create a Climate Action Trust Fund at the Department of the Treasury, with proceeds
from the auctions of tradeable emission allowances established under Section 715.
DOE would be directed to issue regulations that establish a “low- and zero-emitting
carbon technologies program” and an “energy efficiency technology program” to
support technology development and deployment with low-interest loans, loan
guarantees, grants, and financial awards. The maximum shares of funding would be
limited to 35% for development and deployment of low/no carbon technologies, 15%
for development and deployment of energy efficiency technologies for buildings and
industry, and 10% for R&D on energy efficiency technologies. Section 736 would
establish offset credits for certain projects, including those that reduce emissions
from fossil fuel combustion at residential and commercial buildings. Under Title II,
section 204 would authorize the National Institute of Standards’ Manufacturing
Extension Partnership program promote emission-reduction technologies for use by
small manufacturers. Introduced January 17, 2007; referred to Committee on
Environment and Public Works.
S. 331 (Thune)/H.R. 570 (Rogers)
Moneys collected from violations of the corporate average fuel economy
(CAFE) program would be placed in an Energy Security Fund to provide grants that
support infrastructure needed to increase the availability of alternative fuels. Senate
bill introduced January 18, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources. House bill introduced January 18; referred to Committee on Energy and
Commerce.

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S. 339 (Bayh)/H.R. 670 (Engel)
Dependence Reduction through Innovation in Vehicles and Energy (DRIVE)
Act. The national security and stability of the United States economy would be
promoted by reducing oil dependence through the use of alternative fuels and new
technology. Title I would establish a national oil savings target and action plan.
Title II would set a broad range of policies for improving the fuel efficiency of
vehicles. The provisions would include tire efficiency, idling reduction, plug-in
hybrids, R&D, advanced diesel vehicles, manufacturing credits, consumer incentives,
federal fleet requirements, reduced incentives for gas-guzzlers, and vehicle
efficiency. Title III would set a broad range of policies for renewable energy and
alternative fuels. The provisions would include modifications to tax credits for
refueling property, biodiesel, and small ethanol producers. A minimum requirement
would be set for cellulosic biofuels and sugar ethanol. Production incentives would
be established for cellulosic biofuels. Low-interest loan and grant programs would
be established for E85 fuel. Also, Transit-Oriented Development Corridors would
be designated in certain urban areas. Senate bill introduced January 18, 2007;
referred to Committee on Finance. House bill introduced January 24, 2007; referred
to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Science and Technology, Ways and
Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Oversight and Government Reform.
S. 357 (Feinstein)
Ten-in-Ten Fuel Economy Act. On May 8, 2007, the Senate Committee on
Commerce, Science, and Transportation marked up the bill with an amendment in
the nature of a substitute. The amended bill would require that the corporate average
fuel economy standard (CAFE) for new cars and light trucks be increased to 35 miles
per gallon (mpg) by 2020 and require a 4% annual increase for 10 years thereafter.
Starting in 2011, a 4% annual increase would also be required for medium- and
heavy-duty trucks. The reported bill also includes a controversial provision that
would criminalize price gouging in fuel markets during an energy emergency.
Original bill introduced January 22, 2007; referred to Committee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation. Amended bill ordered to be reported by voice vote on
May 8, 2007.
S. 365 (Graham)/H.R. 632 (Lipinski)
H-Prize Act of 2007. DOE would be authorized to establish monetary prizes
for achievements in overcoming scientific and technical barriers associated with
hydrogen energy. Senate bill introduced January 23, 2007; referred to Committee on
Energy and Natural Resources. House bill introduced January 23, 2007; referred to
Committee on Science and Technology. Ordered to be reported May 10, 2007.
S. 386 (Chambliss)
Cellulosic Ethanol Incentive Act of 2007. The renewable fuel standard (RFS)
would be increased from 7.5 billion gallons to 10.0 billion gallons in 2012 and to
33.3 billion gallons in 2030. Further, a standard for cellulosic ethanol would be
created starting at 250 million gallons in 2010 and rising to 20.3 billion gallons in
2030. Introduced January 24, 2007; referred to Committee on Environment and
Public Works.

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S. 411 (Smith)/H.R. 1924 (Meek)
After 2006, the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) would be
modified to eliminate the reduction in the credit rate for power produced by
open-loop biomass, small irrigation power, landfill gas, trash combustion, and
hydropower facilities. Thus, the same credit rate would be allowed for all renewable
resource facilities covered by the credit. Senate bill introduced January 26, 2007;
referred to Committee on Finance. House Bill introduced April 18, 2007; referred
to Committee on Ways and Means.
S. 425 (Smith)
The renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) would be expanded to
include “kinetic hydropower” that is generated from river currents, tidal currents,
ocean waves, or ocean thermal energy conversion. Introduced January 29, 2007;
referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 426 (Nelson)
Biofuels Investment Trust Fund Act. All funds collected from the tariff on
imports of ethanol would be invested in the R&D and deployment of biofuels,
especially cellulosic ethanol produced from biomass feedstocks. Introduced January
29, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 485 (Kerry)
Global Warming Reduction Act of 2007. An economy-wide global warming
pollution emission cap-and-trade program would be established to assist the
economic transition to new clean energy technologies, protect employees and
affected communities, and protect companies and consumers from significant
increases in energy costs. Introduced February 1, 2007; referred to Committee on
Finance.
S. 489 (Warner)
Green Buildings Act of 2007. Green building requirements would be set to
increase energy efficiency in the federal government. Similar to S. 506/H.R. 121.
Introduced February 5, 2007; referred to Committee on Environment and Public
Works.
S. 506 (Lautenberg)/H.R. 121 (Doyle)
High-Performance Green Buildings Act of 2007. Title I would establish a
federal office of green buildings in the General Services Administration (GSA) to
coordinate efforts in federal agencies. This activities of this office would include
outreach to federal agencies, review related R&D findings, and the development of
guidance for life-cycle costing and contracting. Section 107 would authorize $4
million for Title I activities. Title II would identify incentives and procurement
practices to promote federal use of green building activities. Section 203 directs
GAO to audit the performance of this act’s provisions and report to Congress. Title
III directs GSA to conduct an annual demonstration project from 2009 through 2014
and authorizes a total of $10 million for those projects, and it calls for annual
demonstration projects at universities, with an additional $10 million authorization.
Senate bill introduced February 6, 2007; referred to Committee on Environment and
Public Works. House bill introduced January 4, 2007; referred to Committee on
Energy and Commerce.

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S. 541 (Feingold)
Rural Opportunities Act of 2007. The Farm Security Act of 2002 would be
amended to promote local and regional support for sustainable bioenergy and
biobased products. USDA would be authorized to create a program that makes
grants to universities for R&D to support regional bioenergy development and
production. The funding would also support state energy plans, other renewable
energy and energy efficiency activities, and energy development by cooperatives.
Further, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) would be directed to study
policies to increase incentives for bioenergy and to help maintain local ownership of
energy facilities. Also, the renewable energy program (§ 9006) of the Farm Security
Act of 2002 would be reauthorized. Introduced February 8, 2007; referred to
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.
S. 590 (Smith)/H.R. 550 (McNulty)
Securing America’s Energy Independence Act of 2007. The residential
investment tax credit for energy efficient property, and the commercial investment
tax credit for solar energy property and qualified fuel cell property, would be
extended for eight years, from the end of 2008 to the end of 2016. Also, such credits
would be allowed to be applied against alternative minimum tax liability. The
definition of “energy property” would be expanded to include certain equipment that
uses solar energy to generate or store excess electricity. A special credit amount
based on kilowatt capacity would be set for solar photovoltaic energy property and
residential energy efficient property. A tax credit would be allowed for the full
amount of qualified photovoltaic property expenditures. That credit is currently
limited to 30%. A three-year recovery period would be allowed for accelerated
depreciation for solar energy and fuel cell property. Senate bill introduced February
14, 2007; referred to Committee on Finance. House bill introduced January 18,
2007; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
S. 672 (Salazar)
Rural Community Renewable Energy Bonds Act. Tax-exempt bond financing
would be made available for qualified renewable energy electricity production
facilities that have less than 40 megawatts of capacity. The facilities could use wind,
biomass, solar power, hydropower, and other renewable resources. Introduced
February 16, 2007; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 673 (Salazar)/H.R. 1772 (Blumenauer)
Rural Wind Energy Development Act. An investment tax credit (§2) and
accelerated depreciation (§3) would be established for the installation of wind energy
property by rural homeowners, farmers, ranchers, and small businesses. The tax
credit is capped at $3,000/kilowatt and more than 50% of the electricity must be used
on-site. Senate bill introduced February 16, 2007; referred to Committee on Finance.
House bill introduced March 29, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
S. 696 (Baucus)
Energy Research Act of 2007. An Advanced Research Projects Administration -
Energy (ARPA-E) would be established independent of, but in coordination with, the
Department of Energy. An authorization of $5.5 billion over five years would
support acceleration of energy innovations, including those focused on alternative

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energy sources and energy efficiency. Introduced February 27, 2007; referred to
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 701 (Clinton)
Strategic Energy Fund Act of 2007. A temporary fee on major oil company
profits would be imposed, and policies for royalties would be revised, raising $50
billion for a Strategic Energy Fund. The Fund would be used to (1) expand the
renewable energy electricity production tax credit (PTC) for five years; (2) increase
tax incentives for hybrid, clean diesel, and other advanced vehicles; (3) create
incentives for automobile manufacturers; (4) put $500 million toward advanced
battery development to support plug-in hybrid vehicles; (5) extend the ethanol tax
credit to 2012; (6) for cellulosic ethanol, provide $2 billion for R&D and loan
guarantees to cover the first billion gallons of production capacity (7) increase
incentives for energy efficiency in homes and offices; and (8) create a $9 billion
Advanced Research Projects Agency. Introduced February 28, 2007; referred to
Committee on Finance.
S. 761 (Reid)
America COMPETES Act of 2007. Section 2005 (Division B) would establish
an Advanced Research Projects Administration-Energy (ARPA-E) at DOE. The new
Administration would focus on overcoming the “long-term and high-risk
technological barriers” in the development of renewable energy, energy efficiency,
and other technologies. The provision would authorize “such sums” as necessary for
each fiscal year from 2008 through 2011. Introduced March 5, 2007. Passed Senate
(88-8), amended, April 25, 2007.
S. 767 (Obama)/H.R. 1506 (Markey)
CAFE Fuel Economy Reform Act of 2007. DOT’s National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration (NHTSA) would be directed to increase new passenger car
fuel economy by 4% annually for model year (MY) 2009 through MY2011 and for
MY2013 through MY2018, attaining no less than 35 mpg by MY2018. Senate bill
introduced March 6, 2007; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation. House bill introduced March 14, 2007; referred to Committee on
Energy and Commerce.
S. 768 (Obama)/H.R. 1506 (Markey)
CAFE Fuel Economy Reform Act of 2007. DOT’s National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration (NHTSA) would be directed to increase new passenger car
fuel economy by 4% annually for model year (MY) 2009 through MY2011 and for
MY2013 through MY2018, attaining no less than 35 mpg by MY2018. Senate bill
introduced March 6, 2007; referred to Committee on Finance. House bill introduced
March 14, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
S. 818 (Sanders)
National Priorities Act of 2007. Certain tax deductions established for 2001
through 2004 would be rescinded, and some Department of Defense appropriations
would be reduced. From the revenue amounts made available, Section 5 would
provide $27.1 billion for programs to increase energy efficiency and to increase
investment in renewable energy, public transit, and high-speed rail. Introduced
March 8, 2007; referred to Committee on Finance.

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S. 822 (Snowe)/H.R. 1385 (McDermott)
EXTEND the Energy Efficiency Incentives Act of 2007. Section 101 would
create a new performance-based investment tax credit for residential energy
efficiency improvements that produce an energy savings of 20% or more. The credit
would terminate at the end of 2011. Section 102 would extend the existing (EPACT
§1333) residential tax credit for energy efficiency measures in existing homes for
four years, from the end of 2007 through the end of 2011. Section 201 would extend
the existing (EPACT §1332) tax credit for energy efficiency measures in new homes
for three years, from the end of 2008 through the end of 2011. Section 202 would
extend the existing (EPACT §1331) tax deduction for energy efficiency measures in
commercial buildings through the end of 2012 and increase the amount of the
deduction. Section 203 would establish a new tax deduction for energy efficient
low-rise buildings. Section 204 would expand the list (EPACT §1331) of energy
efficiency measures in commercial buildings that qualify for a tax deduction and
make them eligible through the end of 2011. Section 301 would establish a new tax
credit for energy savings training and certification costs and certification equipment
expenditures. Senate bill introduced March 8, 2007; referred to Committee on
Finance. House bill introduced March 7, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways and
Means.
S. 828 (Baucus)
On-Farm Energy Production Act. The Environmental Quality Incentives
Program (EQIP) authorized under the Farm Security Act of 2002 would be amended
to provide incentives worth up to about 50% of the cost for farmers and ranchers to
install wind, solar, and biodiesel equipment to produce energy need for farm
operations. Introduced March 8, 2007; referred to Committee on Agriculture,
Nutrition, and Forestry.
S. 838 (Smith)/H.R. 1838 (Sherman)
United States-Israel Energy Cooperation Act. Enhanced cooperation would be
focused on renewable energy R&D. DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy would be directed to administer a grant program that supports this
cooperation and to report on its results. A revolving fund, the Energy Research and
Development Activities Fund, would be created at the Department of the Treasury.
Also, $20 million per year would be authorized for FY2008 through FY2014. Senate
bill introduced March 12, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources. House bill introduced March 29, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy
and Commerce.
S. 859 (Harkin)
Ethanol Infrastructure Expansion Act of 2007. A DOE program would be
established to award funds to study the feasibility of constructing dedicated ethanol
pipelines. A funding authorization of $1 million would be set. Introduced March 13,
2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 872 (Lincoln)
The biodiesel income tax credit and the biodiesel excise tax credit would be
extended for nine years, from the end of 2008 to the end of 2017. Introduced March
14, 2007; referred to Committee on Finance.

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S. 875 (Dorgan)
Security and Fuel Efficiency Energy (SAFE) Act of 2007. A goal would be set
to improve energy security through a 50% reduction in the oil intensity of the
economy by 2030. This would be achieved, in part, by raising the fuel efficiency of
the vehicular transportation fleet and by increasing the availability of alternative fuel
sources. Introduced March 14, 2007; referred to Committee on Finance. Hearing
held May 8, 2007.
S. 894 (Lincoln)/H.R. 139 (Granger)
Idling Reduction Tax Credit Act of 2007. A business tax credit of 25% of the
cost of a qualifying idling reduction device, up to $1,000, would be created. Defines
“qualifying idling reduction device” as any device that is (1) installed on a
heavy-duty diesel-powered on-highway vehicle to provide services that would
otherwise require the operation of the main drive engine while the vehicle is
temporarily parked or stationary; and (2) certified by DOE to reduce long-duration
idling. DOE would be directed to publish standards for certifying such devices.
Senate bill introduced March 15, 2007; referred to Committee on Finance. House
bill introduced January 4, 2007; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
S. 919 (Menendez)/H.R. 1551 (Kind)
Healthy Farms, Foods, and Fuels Act of 2007. Title II would support energy
programs at USDA. This would include reauthorization of energy audit and
renewable energy development programs (§ 203), renewable energy systems and
energy efficiency programs (§ 204), bioenergy (§ 205), and biomass R&D (§ 206).
Senate bill introduced March 20, 2007; referred to Committee on Agriculture,
Nutrition, and Forestry. House bill introduced March 15, 2007; referred to
Committees on Agriculture, Education and Labor, and Armed Services.
S. 987 (Bingaman)
Biofuels for Energy Security and Transportation (BEST) Act of 2007. The
national requirement for renewable fuels would be extended and increased. It would
start with 8.5 billion gallons in 2008 and rise to 36 billion gallons in 2022. Starting
in 2016, an increasing portion of the requirement would have to be met with
advanced biofuels, including cellulosic ethanol, biobutanol, and other fuel derived
from unconventional biomass feedstocks. Also, the DOE bioenergy R&D funding
authorization would be increased by 50% from FY2007 through FY2009 to establish
seven bioenergy research centers, research grants for states with low rates of ethanol
production, and loan guarantees for renewable fuel facilities. Introduced March 26,
2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Hearing held April
12, 2007. Incorporated into S. 1321.
S. 992 (Boxer)
Public Buildings Cost Reduction Act of 2007. The General Services
Administration (GSA) would be directed to establish a program to speed the use of
cost-effective energy-efficient lighting equipment and other technologies and
practices. Further, GSA would be required to prepare a five-year plan to replace
inefficient lighting in GSA buildings using available funds. Also, an EPA matching
grant program would be created to help local governments renovate buildings to
improve energy efficiency. For this program, $20 million would be authorized.

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CRS-50
Introduced March 27, 2007; referred to Committee on Environment and Public
Works. Reported (S.Rept. 110-60) May 3, 2007.
S. 1000 (Stevens)
Telework Enhancement Act of 2007. All federal employees would be eligible
for telework, unless shown otherwise by their employer. Also, each agency would
be required to designate at least one full-time employee to be a Telework Managing
Officer. This person would implement telework policy and serve as liaison between
employees and managers. Introduced March 27, 2007; referred to Committee on
Homeland Security and Government Affairs.

S. 1007 (Lugar)
United States - Brazil Energy Cooperation Pact of 2007. The Secretary of State
would be directed to work with the Government of Brazil and other foreign
governments to form partnerships that aim to accelerate biofuels production,
cellulosic ethanol research, and infrastructure improvements. The goals are to
alleviate poverty, create jobs, and increase income, while improving energy security
and protecting the environment. Programs and activities that would be established
include a regional energy forum, feasibility studies, grants, extension services, carbon
(CO ) trading, and a study of the ethanol tariff. A funding authorization of $59
2
million would be set for FY2008. Introduced March 28, 2007; referred to Committee
on Foreign Relations.
S. 1016 (Menendez)
Solar Opportunity and Local Access Rights (SOLAR) Act. The Public Utility
Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) would be amended to establish net metering, by
allowing home solar equipment to connect to the grid and guaranteeing that excess
power could be sold back to the utility at a fair rate. Homeowners associations would
be prohibited from restricting access to solar and local permit fees would be reduced.
Introduced March 28, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 1020 (Hutchison)
Creating Renewable Energy through Science and Technology (CREST) Act.
The act establishes and authorizes funding for a Council on Renewable Energies
(CORE) at the National Science Foundation. The Council would advise Congress
on renewable energy strategy including offshore wind production, solar power,
geothermal energy, alternative biofuels, and wave energy. It would also facilitate
collaboration across federal agencies. Introduced March 28, 2007; referred to
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 1059 (Clinton)
Zero Emissions Building Act. Federal building energy efficiency standards
would be improved. Starting in 2007, federal buildings would be designed to use
50% less fossil energy (and greenhouse gas emissions) than a comparable, previously
built federal building. The amount of fossil energy reduction would increase step-
wise, reaching 100% (zero emissions) by 2030. Introduced March 29, 2007; referred
to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

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CRS-51
S. 1072 (Stevens)
Energy efficiency (and other provisions) of Executive Order 13423 would be
codified into public law. Energy intensity at each agency would be required to be
reduced by 3% annually through 2014. Each agency would be required to meet half
of its renewable energy requirement with “new” sources. Energy efficiency goals
would be set for water use, vehicles, and acquisition of products and services.
Lighting efficiency would also be required to increase. Introduced March 29, 2007;
referred to Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.
S. 1073 (Feinstein)
Clean Fuels and Vehicles Act. The Clean Air Act would be amended to
promote the use of fuels with low life-cycle CO emissions, establish a CO
2
2
performance standard for motor vehicle fuels, and require a significant decrease in
CO from motor vehicles. By 2016 automakers would be required to reduce tailpipe
2
emissions by 30% below 2002 levels. Also, by 2015, oil refiners and importers would
be required to reduce GHG emissions by 3% below 2007 levels. Further, EPA would
be required to quantify total emissions of each fuel and develop a fuel labeling
program. Additionally, a carbon-credit trading program would be established.
Introduced March 29, 2007; referred to Committee on Environment and Public
Works.
S. 1076 (Inouye)/H.R. 1356 (Oberstar)
Section 606 would require the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to
establish a research consortium with goals to increase aircraft fuel efficiency 25%
relative to 1997 subsonic aircraft technology and to determine the feasability of using
alternative fuels in aircraft. Senate bill introduced March 29, 2007; referred to
Committee on Finance. House bill introduced March 6, 2007; referred to
Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure, Science and Technology, and Ways
and Means.
S. 1101 (Lincoln)/H.R. 2083 (Gordon)
The energy efficiency regulatory standard for residential clothes washers would
be put into law. The standard for residential dishwashers would by increased by 35%
in 2010 and thereafter. The standard for residential dehumidifiers would be increased
in 2012 and thereafter. Also, DOE would be directed to set a new standard for
refrigerators in a rulemaking that would take effect by 2014. Senate bill introduced
April 12, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. House bill
introduced May 1, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
S. 1106 (Thune)
Ethanol Tariff Extension and Caribbean Basin Initiative Investigation Act. The
U.S. tariff on imported ethanol would be extended for two years, from the end of
2008 to the end of 2010. Also, the Department of the Treasury would be required to
prepare a study of duty-free ethanol imports and report to Congress on its findings.
Introduced April 12, 2007; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1115 (Bingaman)
Energy Efficiency Promotion Act of 2007. Title I would promote advanced
lighting technology by requiring all federal lighting to be Energy Star rated by 2010
(§ 101), expanding efficiency standards for incandescent reflector lamps (§ 102),

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CRS-52
creating the “Bright Tomorrow” lighting prizes for solid state (LED) lighting
developments (§ 103), and establishing a “Sense of the Senate” to pass mandatory
energy efficiency performance targets for lighting products (§ 104). Title II would
expedite new energy efficiency standards by legislating standards for residential
boilers (§ 207), electric motors (§ 209), and some home appliances (§ 210, same as
S. 1101/H.R. 2083). DOE would be directed to set standards by rulemaking for
furnace fans (§ 203). Also, DOE would be allowed to set standards for multiple
components (§ 201) and regional standards for heating and cooling equipment (§
202). Further, it would authorize R&D on improved efficiency for appliances and
buildings in cold climates (§ 211) and provide incentives for the manufacture of
high-efficiency consumer products (§ 212). Other provisions would guide expedited
rulemakings (§ 204), clarify limits to federal preemption of state standards (§ 205),
and require Energy Guide labels for several types of consumer electronic products.
Title III promotes high-efficiency vehicles, advanced batteries, and energy storage.
Section 301 would authorize funding for a DOE R&D program on light-weight
materials. Section 302 would provide loan guarantees for facilities that manufacture
fuel-efficient vehicles. Section 303 would authorize awards for qualified investments
to refurbish manufacturing facilities that produced advanced technology vehicles.
Section 304 would authorize a 10-year R&D program to support U.S.
competitiveness in global energy storage markets and a five-year R&D program for
electric drive technologies. Title IV would set several energy efficiency goals that
include reducing gasoline use 45% by 2030 (§ 401), improving energy productivity
to 2.6% by 2012 (§ 402), and authorizing funding to educate consumers about how
to save energy. Title V would promote federal leadership in energy efficiency and
renewable energy. Section 501 would require federal and state fleets to reduce
petroleum use 30% by 2016. Section 502 would increase the federal purchase of
renewable energy to 15% by 2015. Section 503 would authorize the Energy-Saving
Performance Contracts (ESPCs) program permanently. Section 504 would require
that federal buildings reduce energy use 30% by 2015. Section 505 would require the
identification of federal sites for combined heat and power (CHP). Section 506
would require that fossil energy use in federal buildings be reduced 50%, compared
with similar buildings from the past that were not subject to the standard. New and
renovated buildings would be required to attain “carbon neutral” status by 2030.
Section 507 would require HUD to update efficiency standards for all public and
assisted housing. Title VI would improve energy efficiency assistance to state and
local governments by increasing the authorization for the DOE Weatherization
program (§ 601), reauthorizing the State Energy program (§ 602), requiring state
utility regulatory commissions to consider federal standards to promote energy
efficiency, authorizing NREL to provide technical assistance (§ 604), authorizing
grants to local governments (§ 605), authorizing grants to universities for
demonstration projects (§ 606), authorizing workforce training programs (§ 607), and
authorizing fund for education programs to reduce school bus idling (§ 608).
Introduced April 16, 2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
Hearing held April 23, 2007. Incorporated into S. 1321.
S. 1118 Dorgan
Fuel Efficiency Energy Act of 2007. Starting in model year 2013, corporate
average fuel economy (CAFE) standards would increase by 4% annually, through
2030. However, DOT, in consultation with the National Academy of Sciences, may
prescribe a lower standard if it determines that the increase would not be

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CRS-53
technologically achievable, would compromise safety, or would not be cost-effective.
Introduced April 16, 2007; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation.
S. 1151 (Obama)/H.R. 1920 (Inslee)
Health Care for Hybrids Act. A program would be created to provide up to 10%
of the health care costs for retired auto industry employees. In exchange, each
company would agree to invest half of its reduced costs into R&D, retooling,
manufacture, and/or employee retraining for the use of fuel-efficient and alternative
fuel technologies in its vehicle lines. Senate bill introduced April 18, 2007; referred
to Committee on Finance. House bill introduced April 18, 2007; referred to
Committees on Ways and Means and Energy and Commerce.
S. 1154 (Nelson)/H.R. 2038 (Kind)
Biogas Production Incentive Act of 2007. A business tax credit for “biogas”
production and sales would be established. Eligible biogas must be derived by
processing a qualified feedstock — such as livestock manure and other waste
material — in an anaerobic digester that contains at least 60% methane and carbon
dioxide and trace gases. USDA would be directed to make counter-cyclical payments
to qualified biogas producers for facility development. Also, USDA would establish
loans, loan guarantees, and grants for qualified providers to collect and transport
feedstocks to a biogas facility or for equipment and facilities that help collect and
transport feedstocks. Senate bill introduced April 18, 2007; referred to Committee
on Finance. House bill introduced April 25, 2007; referred to Committees on Ways
and Means and Agriculture.
S. 1158 (Inhofe)
Alternative Fuel Standard Act of 2007. This bill would implement part of the
20-in-10 proposal presented by the President in the State of the Union 2007 speech.
The current renewable fuel standard (RFS) would be replaced by an alternative fuel
standard (AFS) that requires 10 billion gallons of “alternative” fuels in 2010, rising
to 35 billion gallons in 2017. Qualifying fuels would be expanded beyond renewable
fuels, such as ethanol, to include transportation fuels derived from natural gas, coal,
and hydrogen and other sources. Introduced April 19, 2007; referred to Committee
on Environment and Public Works.
S. 1165 (Cardin)
American Green Building Act of 2007. Federal buildings would be required
to be designed, constructed, and certified to meet or exceed the U.S. Green Building
Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) “silver” rating
for green buildings. However, the head of the agency with jurisdiction over the
building may decide that, due to energy or national security requirements,
achievement of such a rating would be impracticable. Introduced April 19, 2007;
referred to Committee on Environment and Public Works.
S. 1207 (Landrieu)
Giving Reductions to Energy Efficient New Buildings Act. Also referred to as
the GREEN Buildings Act. The investment tax deduction for energy efficient
commercial buildings would be extended from the end of 2008 to the end of 2013.

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CRS-54
Further, the deduction would be increased from $1.80 to $2.25 per square foot.
Introduced April 25, 2007; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1238 (Casey)
Revenues obtained by rescinding certain tax loopholes and by imposing a
windfall profits tax on integrated oil companies would be put into a reserve fund to
support biofuels R&D and infrastructure development. Introduced April 26, 2007;
referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1291 (Thune)
Wind Energy Development Act of 2007. Section 2 would extend the renewable
energy production tax credit (PTC) for four years, through the end of 2012. After
2007, the annual inflation adjustment to the credit would cease. Section 3 would
extend the provision for clean renewable energy “tax credit” bonds for four years,
through the end of 2012. Also, the total annual limit for the bonds would be
increased to $2.25 billion, including a limit of $725 million per year for governments,
and $250 million per year for American Indian tribes. Introduced May 3, 2007;
referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1297 (Boxer)
Advanced Clean Fuels Act of 2007. The volume-based Renewable Fuel
Standard is currently set at 7.5 billion gallons per year by 2012. The bill would set
a new standard of 12.0 billion gallons by 2011, rising to 35.0 billion gallons by 2025.
Introduced May 3, 2007; referred to Committee on Environment and Public Works.
S. 1321 (Bingaman)/H.R. 2556 (Wilson)
Energy Savings Act of 2007. This bill incorporates provisions from S. 987 and
S. 1115. Title I is the Biofuels for Energy Security and Transportation Act (many
provisions are similar to provisions in S. 987). Title II is the Energy Efficiency
Promotion Act (many provisions are similar to provisions in S. 1115). For a detailed
summary of this bill see H.R. 2556. Senate bill introduced May 7, 2007; referred to
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Reported (S.Rept. 110-65) May 7,
2007. House bill introduced May 24, 2007; referred to Committees on Energy and
Commerce, Science and Technology, Transportation and Infrastructure, Oversight
and Government, and Financial Services.
S. 1324 (Obama)
National Low-Carbon Fuel Standard Act of 2007. A standard would be set that
reduces greenhouse gas emissions from transportation fuel. The standard would also
have the effect of improving fuel efficiency. The production of biofuels would be
increased by setting a low-carbon fuel standard for petroleum-based fuels. The
Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS) would be increased from 12 billion gallons to 15
billion gallons of renewable fuel by 2012. Additional standards would be established
to prevent damage to air, land, and water quality caused by biofuels production.
Introduced May 7, 2007; referred to Committee on Environment and Public Works.
S. 1346 (Mikulski)/H.R. 1766 (Van Hollen)
Chesapeake’s Healthy and Environmentally Sound Stewardship of Energy and
Agriculture Act (CHESSEA) Act of 2007. Under §9003 of the Farm Security Act,
Section 11 would create a USDA program that provides grants, loans, and loan

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CRS-55
guarantees for biofuels and biorefineries in Chesapeake Bay Watershed states. From
FY2008 through FY2013, the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) would provide
program funding of $100 million per year. Under § 9006 of the Farm Security Act,
Section 12 would provide grants and loans for renewable energy and energy
efficiency projects, capped at 25% of the project cost. CCC funding for this program
would start at $60 million in FY2008 and increase to $250 million in FY2012.
Introduced May 9, 2007; referred to Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
Forestry.
S. 1358 (Grassley)
The current renewable fuel standard that would reach 7.5 billion gallons per year
by 2012 would be replaced with a standard that requires all gasoline sold for use in
motor vehicles to contain 10% renewable fuel by 2010 and thereafter. Introduced
May 10, 2007; referred to Committee on Environment and Public Works.
S. 1370 (Cantwell)
The Clean Energy Investment Assurance Act of 2007. Section 2 would extend
the renewable energy electricity production tax credit (PTC) for five years and make
it apply to thermal energy production too. Section 3 would, after the end of 2008,
raise the volume cap for clean renewable energy bonds from $1.2 billion per year to
$5.0 billion per year. Section 4 would extend the residential energy efficient (solar)
property investment tax credit for eight years, extend it to include storage air
conditioners, and modify the cap. Section 5 would extend the business investment
tax credit for solar equipment for eight years, expand it to include storage air
conditioners, and modify the cap. Section 6 would extend the nonbusiness energy-
efficient equipment investment tax credit for five years and raise the cap for certain
equipment. Section 7 would extend for five years the investment tax credit for
building new energy-efficient homes. Section 8 would extend for five years the
deduction for energy efficient commercial buildings, and increase the maximum
deduction. Section 9 would make qualified energy management devices eligible for
a five-year depreciation recovery period. Introduced May 11, 2007; referred to
Committee on Finance.
S. 1403 (Klobuchar)
Farm-to-Fuel Investment Act. USDA would designate “bioenergy cropsheds”
located within 50 miles of an existing or planned biofuels refinery. From 2008
through 2012, USDA’s Commodity Credit Corporation would provide a total of $350
million in financial assistance to help farmers convert to bioenergy crops. USDA
would provide the assistance through three-year contracts with producers that switch
to bioenergy crop production. Introduced May 15, 2007; referred to Committee on
Agriculture.
S. 1411 (Launtenberg)
The Environmental Protection Agency would establish an office to measure and
report on greenhouse gas emissions from federal agencies. Energy-related emissions
would be a key focus. Introduced May 16, 2007; referred to Committee on
Environment and Public Works.

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CRS-56
S. 1419 (Reid)
Renewable Fuels, Consumer Protection, and Energy Efficiency Act of 2007.
This omnibus bill is derived from four other bills. Titles I, II, and III are taken from
S. 1321/H.R. 2556. Title IV is taken from S. 992, as reported by the Senate
Committee on the Environment on May 3, 2007. Titles V and VI are taken from the
amended version of S. 357, as reported May 8, 2007, by the Senate Committee on
Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Title VII is taken from S. 193, as reported
by the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on April 12, 2007. The individual
title popular names are: Title I, Biofuels for Energy Security and Transportation; Title
II, Energy Efficiency Promotion; Title III, Carbon Capture and Storage Research,
Development, and Demonstration; Title IV, Public Buildings Cost Reduction; Title
V, Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards; Title VI, Price Gouging; and Title
VII, Energy Diplomacy and Security. Introduced May 17, 2007; ordered Placed on
Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 156.
S. 1491 (Klobuchar)
Ethanol Education and Expansion Act of 2007. Section 2 would direct USDA
to provide $20 million from the Commodity Credit Corporation to fund grants to fuel
producers for the installation of ethanol-85% (E85) fuel infrastructure. Section 3
would provide competitive grants to educate certain parties about the benefits of E85
fuel use. The targets of the education may include public and private vehicle fleet
operators, other interested entities, and the general public. Introduced May 25, 2007;
referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 1424 (Schumer)
Farm, Nutrition, and Community Investment Act of 2007. Title VII has
provisions for farm-related energy efficiency and renewable energy. Section 7002
would direct the federal government to procure biobased products. Section 7003
would provide grants for biorefinery development. Section 7004 would create an
energy audit and renewable energy development program. Section 7005 would
require USDA to provide grants and production credits to encourage cooperative
development of renewable energy systems and energy efficiency improvements.
Section 7006 would extend certain provisions for biomass R&D. Section 7007
would extend certain biomass research and extension provisions for six years and
expand it to include grants to universities for work on climate change. Section 7008
would direct USDA to provide grants and loans for cellulosic ethanol development
on industrial lands. Section 7009 would establish an energy efficiency rebate
program for farmers and ranchers. Section 7010 would provide grants for research
on alternative uses for biofuel byproducts. Section 7011 would establish a national
net metering program for farm energy production. Introduced May 17, 2007; referred
to Committee on Finance.
S. 1491 (Klobuchar)
Ethanol Education and Expansion Act of 2007. Section 2 would direct USDA
to provide $20 million from the Commodity Credit Corporation to fund grants to fuel
producers for the installation of ethanol-85% (E85) fuel infrastructure. Section 3
would provide competitive grants to educate certain parties about the benefits of E85
fuel use. The targets of the education may include public and private vehicle fleet
operators, other interested entities, and the general public. Introduced May 25, 2007;
referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

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CRS-57
S. 1497 (Cardin)
Energy Independence Act. A bipartisan Commission on “energy independence”
would be established. Its task would be to study and review policy changes that are
needed for the United States to achieve energy independence. Introduced May 24,
2007; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 1508 (Dorgan)
Certain renewable energy and clean energy production tax incentives would be
extended and expanded. Introduced May 24, 2007; referred to Committee on
Finance.
S. 1511 (Akaka)/H.R. 2036 (Inslee)
Marine and Hydrokinetic Renewable Energy Promotion Act. DOE would be
directed to create a marine and hydrokinetic renewable energy R&D program.
Section 4 would establish a fund to make loans to projects producing marine and
hydrokinetic renewable energy. Section 5 would require programmatic
environmental impact statements for deployment in U.S. navigable waters. Section
6 would expand the renewable electricity production tax credit (PTC) to cover this
equipment. Section 7 would expand the 30% business investment credit and
five-year depreciation to include this equipment. House bill introduced April 25,
2007; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Science and Technology,
Ways and Means, and Natural Resources. Senate bill introduced May 24, 2007;
referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1525 (Smith)/H.R. 2137 (Levin)
Super-Efficient Appliance Incentives and Market Transformation Act of 2007.
EPACT (P.L. 109-58) established investment tax credits for manufacturers of certain
types of energy efficient appliances. The bill would modify the credit for certain
dishwashers, clothes washers, refrigerators, and dehumidifiers produced after 2007.
The credit would be capped at $100 million per year. Senate bill introduced May 24,
2007; referred to Committee on Finance. House bill introduced May 3, 2007;
referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
S. 1526 (Stevens)
Bright Idea Act of 2007. DOE would be directed to establish energy efficiency
standards for general service lamps manufactured or sold after 2013. Reports on
mercury use and lamp labeling would also be required. Introduced May 24, 2007;
referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

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CRS-58
Congressional Hearings, Reports, and Documents
Hearings
House.
Committee on Agriculture.
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Farm Bill Discussion Draft:
Title IX — Energy. May 21, 2007.
[http://agriculture.house.gov/inside/Legislation/110/Energy3.pdf]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Conservation,
Credit, Energy and Research. Renewable Energy Financial Structure. Hearing
held March 7, 2007.
[http://agriculture.house.gov/list/press/agriculture_dem/030707_CCERaltenergyfi
nance.html]
Committee on Appropriations.
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy
and Water Development. DOE Energy Supply and Conservation: Fossil
Energy/Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. Hearing held March 20,
2007.
[http://appropriations.house.gov/Subcommittees/sub_ew.shtml]
Committee on Energy and Commerce.
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on
Energy and Air Quality. Legislative Hearing on Discussion Drafts concerning
Energy Efficiency, Smart Electricity Grid, Energy Policy Act of 2005 Title XVII
Loan Guarantees, and Standby Loans for Coal-to-Liquids Projects. Hearing
held May 24, 2007.
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/cmte_mtgs/110-eaq-hrg.052407.Energy.draft.s
html]

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on
Energy and Air Quality. Alternative Fuels: Current Status, Proposals for New
Standards, and Related Infrastructure Issues. Hearing held May 8, 2007
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/cmte_mtgs/110-eaq-hrg.050807.Alt.fuels.shtml]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on
Energy and Air Quality. Facilitating the Transition to a Smart Electric Grid.
Hearing held May 3, 2007
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/cmte_mtgs/110-eaq-hrg.050307.Smart.grid.shtml]

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CRS-59
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on
Energy and Air Quality. Achieving - At Long Last - Appliance Efficiency
Standards. Hearing held May 1, 2007.
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/cmte_mtgs/110-eaq-hrg.050107.App.efficienc
y.shtml]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on
Energy and Air Quality. Implementation of EPACT 2005 Loan Guarantee
Programs by the Department of Energy. Hearing held April 24, 2007.
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/cmte_mtgs/110-eaq-hrg.042407.EPACT.shtml]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on
Energy and Air Quality. Alternative Transportation Fuels: An Overview.
Hearing held April 18, 2007.
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/cmte_mtgs/110-eaq-hrg.041807.Alt_fuels.shtml]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on
Energy and Air Quality; with Committee on Science and Technology,
Subcommittee on Energy and Environment. Climate Change: International
Issues, Engaging Developing Countries. Hearing held March 27, 2007.
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/cmte_mtgs/110-eaq-hrg.032707.developing_
countries.shtml]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on
Energy and Air Quality; with Committee on Science and Technology,
Subcommittee on Energy and Environment. Perspectives on Climate Change:
Testimony of Former Vice President Albert Gore, Jr. Joint Hearing held March
21, 2007.
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/cmte_mtgs/110-eaq-sci-hrg.032107.gore.shtml]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on
Energy and Air Quality. Climate Change: Perspectives of Utility CEOs.
Hearing held March 20, 2007.
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/cmte_mtgs/110-eaq-hrg.032007.utility_ceos.
shtml]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on
Energy and Air Quality. Climate Change: State and Local Perspectives.
Hearing held March 15, 2007.
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/cmte_mtgs/110.eaq-hrg.031407.statelocal_
perspectives.shtml]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on
Energy and Air Quality. Climate Change and Energy Security: Perspectives
from the Automobile Industry. Hearing held March 14, 2007.
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/cmte_mtgs/110-eaq_hrg.031407.Auto_
industry.shtml]

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CRS-60
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on
Energy and Air Quality. A Review of the Administration’s Energy Proposals for
the Transportation Sector. Hearing held February 28, 2007.
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/cmte_mtgs/110-eag_hrg.022807.Energy_
Proposals_Transportation.shtml]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on
Energy and Air Quality. Addressing Climate Change — Views from Private
Sector. Hearing held February 13, 2007.
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/cmte_mtgs/110-eaq_hrg.021307.Climate_
change.shtml]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Department of
Energy’s Budget, Fiscal Year 2008. Hearing held February 8, 2007.
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/cmte_mtgs/110-fc_hrg.020807.DOE_budget.
shtml]
Select Committee on Energy Independence and Climate Change.
U.S. Congress. House. Select Committee on Energy Independence and Climate
Change. Congress Hosts Sweden’s Prime Minister to Discuss Global Warming,
Reducing Dependence on Fossil Fuels. Hearing held May 15, 2007.
[http://globalwarming.house.gov/list/hearing/global_warming/hearing_070514.shtml]
Committee on Foreign Affairs.
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. U.S. Re-Engagement in the
Global Effort to Fight Climate Change. Hearing held May 15, 2007.
[http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=822]
Committee on Natural Resources.
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources. Energy Policy Reform
and Revitalization Act of 2007. Hearing held May 23, 2007
[http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/hearings/hearingdetail.aspx?NewsID=87]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources. Subcommittee on
Fisheries, Wildlife and Oceans. Gone with the Wind: Impacts of wind
Turbines
on Birds and Bats. Hearing held May 1, 2007.
[http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/hearings/hearingdetail.aspx?NewsID=61]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources, Subcommittee on
Fisheries, Wildlife and Oceans and Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral
Resources. Renewable Energy Opportunities and Issues on the Outer
Continental Shelf. Hearing held April 24, 2007.
[http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/hearings/hearingdetail.aspx?NewsID=55]

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CRS-61
Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on
Government Management, Organization, and Procurement. The Carbon-
Neutral Government Act of 2007. Hearing held May 17, 2007.
[http://governmentmanagement.oversight.house.gov/story.asp?ID=1317]
Committee on Science and Technology.
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on
Energy and Environment. Developing Untapped Potential: Geothermal and
Ocean Energy Technologies. Hearing held May 17, 2007.
[http://science.house.gov/publications/hearings_markups_details.aspx?NewsID=1
818]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on
Energy and Environment. Establishing the Advanced Research Projects
Agency-Energy (ARPA-E). Hearing held April 25, 2007.
[http://science.house.gov/publications/hearings_markups_details.aspx?NewsID=
1778]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on
Energy and Environment. DOE FY2008 Research and Development Budget
Proposal. Hearing held March 7, 2007.
[http://science.house.gov/publications/hearings_markups_details.aspx?NewsID=
1447]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on
Energy and Environment. H.R. 547, The Advanced Fuels Infrastructure
Research and Development Act. Hearing held on January 30, 2007.
[http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/useftp.cgi?IPaddress=162.140.64.128&
filename=32612.pdf&directory=/diskb/wais/data/110_house_hearings]
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.
Administration Proposals on Climate Change and Energy Independence.
Hearing held May 11, 2007.
[http://transportation.house.gov/hearings/hearingdetail.aspx?NewsID=190]
Committee on Ways and Means.
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Select
Revenue Measures. Member Proposals on Energy Tax Incentives. Hearing
held April 24, 2007.
[http://waysandmeans.house.gov/hearings.asp?formmode=detail&hearing=550]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Select
Revenue Measures. Energy and Tax Policy. Hearing held April 19, 2007.
[http://waysandmeans.house.gov/hearings.asp?formmode=detail&hearing=549]

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CRS-62
Senate.
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture. Farm Bill Policy Proposals
Relating to Farm and Rural Energy Issues and Rural Development. Hearing
held May 9, 2007.
[http://agriculture.senate.gov/Hearings/hearings.cfm?hearingId=2726]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture. The Next Generation of
Biofuels: Cellulosic Ethanol and the 2007 Farm Bill. Hearing held April 4,
2007.
[http://agriculture.senate.gov/Hearings/hearings.cfm?hearingId=2670]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture. USDA Farm Bill Proposal.
Hearing held February 7, 2007.
[http://agriculture.senate.gov/Hearings/hearings.cfm?hearingId=2536]
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
Pending Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Legislation. Hearing held
May 3, 2007.
[http://commerce.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&H
earing_ID=1862]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Innovation. Energy Innovation. Hearing
held March 20, 2007.
[http://commerce.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&H
earing_ID=1832]
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. The Energy
Efficiency Promotion Act. Hearing held April 23, 2007.
[http://energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&
Hearing_ID=1620]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Biofuels for
Energy Security and Transportation Act S. 987. Hearing held April 12, 2007.
[http://energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&
Hearing_ID=1618]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Advanced
Energy Technologies. Hearing held March 7, 2007.
[http://energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&
Hearing_ID=1612]

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CRS-63
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Stern Review
of the Economics of Climate Change. Hearing held February 13, 2007.
[http://energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&
Hearing_ID=1605]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
Subcommittee on Energy. Energy Efficiency Programs. Hearing held February
12, 2007. (Covers buildings and electric/gas utility companies)
[http://energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&
Hearing_ID=1608]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Proposed
Budget for FY 2008 for the Department of Energy. Hearing held February 7,
2007.
[http://energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&
Hearing_ID=1601]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Accelerated
Biofuels Diversity. Conference held February 1, 2007.
[http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=110_senate_hearings
&docid=f:34568.pdf]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
Transportation Sector Fuel Efficiency. Hearing held January 30, 2007.
[http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=110_senate_hearings
&docid=f:34537.pdf]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. EIA Analysis
of Draft Climate Change Legislation. Hearing held January 24, 2007.
[http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=110_senate_hearings
&docid=f:34079.PDF]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.
Agriculture and Rural America’s Role in Enhancing National Energy Security.
Hearing held January 10, 2007.
[http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/useftp.cgi?IPaddress=162.140.64.128&
filename=34149.pdf&directory=/diskb/wais/data/110_senate_hearings]
Committee on Environment and Public Works.
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Green
Buildings: Benefits to Health, the Environment, and the Bottom Line. Hearing
held May 15, 2007.
[http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&Hearing
_ID=7137110f-802a-23ad-43a7-cbdcf43f44e5]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works.
Subcommittee on Private Sector and Consumer Solutions to Global Warming
and Wildlife Protection. Emerging Technologies and Practices for Reducing
Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Hearing held May 9, 2007.

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CRS-64
[http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&Hearing
_ID=57b289aa-802a-23ad-477b-a221ebb1ffa9]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Reducing
Government Building Operational Costs through Innovation and Efficiency:
Legislative Solutions. Hearing held March 28, 2007.
[http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&Hearing
_id=8e86ae98-802a-23ad-474a-065dadcb7939]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Former
Vice President Al Gore’s Perspective on Global Warming. Hearing held March
21, 2007.
[http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&Hearing
_id=51628af6-802a-23ad-4588-bc4a4a94607a]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. President’s
Proposed EPA Budget for FY2008. Hearing held March 7, 2007.
[http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&Hearing
_ID=a716591b-802a-23ad-4b7e-de4bbae315bf]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. State,
Regional, and Local Perspectives on Global Warming. Hearing held March 1,
2007.
[http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&Hearing
_id=f19521d5-802a-23ad-4139-4448d5c5337e]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. U.S.
Climate Action Partnership Report. Hearing held February 13, 2007.
[http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&Hearing
_id=9d420df7-802a-23ad-4615-a240504c6347]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Senators’
Perspectives on Global Warming. Hearing held January 30, 2007.
[http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&Hearing
_ID=5584be8e-802a-23ad-499a-ea3c20ff687d]
Committee on Finance.
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Energy, Natural
Resources, and Infrastructure. Energy Efficiency: Can Tax Incentives Reduce
Consumption? Hearing held May 24, 2007.
[http://finance.senate.gov/sitepages/hearing052407.htm]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Energy, Natural
Resources, and Infrastructure. Advanced Technology Vehicles: The Road
Ahead. Hearing held May 1, 2007.
[http://finance.senate.gov/sitepages/hearing050107.htm]

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CRS-65
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Grains, Cane, and Automobiles:
Tax Incentives for Alternative Fuel and Vehicles. Hearing held April 19, 2007.
[http://finance.senate.gov/sitepages/hearing052407.htm]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Grains, Cane, and Automobiles:
Tax Incentives for Alternative Fuel and Vehicles. Hearing held April 19, 2007.
[http://finance.senate.gov/sitepages/hearing041907.htm]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. International Perspectives on
Alternative Energy Policy: Incentives and Mandates and their Impacts. Hearing
held April 12, 2007
[http://finance.senate.gov/sitepages/hearing041207a.htm]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Clean Energy: From the Margins
to the Mainstream. Hearing held March 29, 2007.
[http://finance.senate.gov/sitepages/hearing032907.htm]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. America’s Energy Future: Bold
Ideas, Practical Solutions. Hearing held February 27, 2007.
[http://finance.senate.gov/sitepages/hearing022707.htm]
CRS Reports and Memos
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
CRS Report RL34005, Energy Savings Act of 2007 (S. 1321): Summary of Major
Provisions, by Fred Sissine, Brent Yacobucci, and Peter Folger.
CRS Report RS22571, The Strategic Energy Efficiency and Renewables Reserve in
the CLEAN Energy Act of 2007 (H.R. 6), by Fred Sissine.
CRS Report RL33588, Renewable Energy Policy: Tax Credit, Budget, and
Regulatory Issues, by Fred Sissine.
CRS Report RL33599, Energy Efficiency Policy: Budget, Electricity Conservation,
and Fuel Conservation Issues, by Fred Sissine.
CRS Memorandum, Energy Efficiency Provisions of Executive Order 13423:
Comparison with Prior Executive Orders and the Energy Policy Act of 2005,
by Stan Kaplan.
Climate Change.
CRS Report RL33846, Climate Change: Greenhouse Gas Reduction Bills in the
110th Congress, by Larry Parker and Brent Yacobucci.
CRS Report RL33970, Climate Change: Greenhouse Gas Emission Drivers:
Population, Economic Development and Growth, and Energy Use, by John
Blodgett and Larry Parker.

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CRS-66
Transportation: Fuels and Vehicles.
CRS Report RL33982, Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE): A Comparison
of Selected Legislation in the 110th Congress, by Brent Yacobucci and Robert
Bamberger.
CRS Report RL33413, Automobile and Light Truck Fuel Economy: The CAFE
Standards, by Brent Yacobucci and Robert Bamberger.
CRS Report RS22558, Tax Credits for Hybrid Vehicles, by Salvatore Lazzari.
CRS Report RL33564, Alternative Fuels and Advanced Technology Vehicles: Issues
in Congress, by Brent Yacobucci.
CRS Report RL33572, Biofuels Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs, by
Brent Yacobucci.
CRS Report RL33928, Ethanol and Biofuels: Agriculture, Infrastructure, and
Market Constraints Related to Expanded Production, by Brent Yacobucci and
Randy Schnepf.
CRS Report RL32712, Agriculture-Based Renewable Energy Production, by Randy
Schnepf.
109th Congress.
CRS Report RL32860, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Legislation in the
109th Congress, by Fred Sissine.
CRS Report RL33302, Energy Policy Act of 2005: Summary and Analysis of Enacted
Provisions, by Mark Holt and Carol Glover.
CRS Report RL33294, DOE Budget Earmarks: A Selective Look at Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy R&D Programs, by Fred Sissine.
Government Accountability Office (GAO) Reports
GAO-07-798T, Department of Energy: Observations on Actions to Implement the
New Loan Guarantee Program for Innovative Technologies, 6 p.
[http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d07798t.pdf]
GAO-07-551T, Passenger Vehicle Fuel Economy: Preliminary Observations on
Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards, 17 p.
[http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d07551t.pdf]
GAO-07-550T, Advanced Energy Technologies: Key Challenges to Their
Development and Deployment, 11 p.
[http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d07550t.pdf]

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CRS-67
GAO-07-516, Legislative Branch: Energy Audits are Key to Strategy for Reducing
Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 47 p.
[http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d07516.pdf]
GAO-07-339R, The Department of Energy: Key Steps Needed to Help Ensure the
Success of the New Loan Guarantee Program for Innovative Technologies by
Better Managing Its Financial Risk, 44 p.
[http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d07339r.pdf]
GAO-07-283, Crude Oil: Uncertainty about Future Oil Supply Makes It Important
to Develop a Strategy for Addressing a Peak and Decline in Oil Production, 68
p. (Sections on ethanol, biodiesel, and alternative transportation technologies.)
[http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d07283.pdf]
GAO-07-106, Department of Energy: Key Challenges Remain for Developing and
Deploying Advanced Energy Technologies to Meet Future Needs, 68 p.
[http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d07106.pdf]
GAO-07-42, Energy Efficiency: Long-standing Problems with DOE’s Program for
Setting Efficiency Standards Continue to Result in Forgone Energy Savings,
40 p.
[http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d0742.pdf]

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