Order Code RL32860
CRS Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Legislation in the 109th Congress
Updated January 19, 2006
Fred Sissine
Specialist in Energy Policy
Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Legislation
in the 109th Congress
Summary
This report reviews the status of energy efficiency and renewable energy
legislation introduced during the 109th Congress. Action in the first session focused
on omnibus energy policy bill H.R. 6, omnibus transportation bill H.R. 3, and several
FY2006 appropriations bills.
The enacted version of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-58, H.R. 6)
authorizes or reauthorizes several energy efficiency and renewable energy programs.
It also establishes several new commercial and consumer product efficiency
standards, sets new goals for energy efficiency and renewable energy in federal
facilities and fleets, broadens the Energy Star products program, expands programs
for hydrogen fuel cell buses, extends daylight savings time, and sets a renewable
fuels standard for increased use of ethanol and biodiesel. Further, it extends the
renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) for two years, but it does not include
Senate-proposed provisions for oil conservation, a renewable portfolio standard
(RPS), or a broader range of legislated equipment efficiency standards.
The enacted version of the Transportation Equity Act (P.L. 109-59, H.R. 3) has
provisions for clean (renewable) fuels, energy conservation, and advanced vehicle
technologies. Specific sections include 1113, volumetric excise tax credit for
alternative fuels; 1121, high occupancy vehicle (HOV) facilities; 1307, magnetic
levitation transportation; 1807, nonmotorized transportation pilot program; 1808,
additions to congestion mitigation and air quality (CMAQ); 1952, congestion relief;
1954, bicycle transportation and pedestrian walkways; 3005, metropolitan
transportation planning; 3010, clean fuels grant program; 3016, national research and
technology programs; 3044, clean fuels grants; 3045, national fuel cell bus
technology development program; 4149, office of intermodalism; 5301, intelligent
transportation systems; 5502, congestion relief research initiative; 6001,
transportation planning; 6015, clean school buses; and 9002, study of high-speed rail.
Appropriations bills have also been a focus, including P.L. 109-54 (H.R. 2361,
Environmental Protection Agency energy efficiency programs for climate protection);
P.L. 109-103 (H.R. 2419, Department of Energy programs for energy efficiency and
renewable energy); P.L. 109-97 (H.R. 2744, Department of Agriculture program for
renewable energy grants and loans); P.L. 109-108 (H.R. 2862, telecommuting
program at several agencies); P.L. 109-102 (H.R. 3057, Department of State funding
for energy efficiency and renewable energy in developing nations); and H.R. 2863
(Department of Defense wind energy project for an Air Force base).
More than 140 energy efficiency and renewable energy bills have been
introduced thus far, including more than 30 that were introduced after the conference
report on H.R. 6 was filed on July 27, 2005. For each bill listed in this report, a brief
description and a summary of action are given, including references to committee
hearings and reports. Also, a selected list of hearings on renewable energy is
included. This report will be updated periodically. It supplements the tracking of
issues that appear in CRS Issue Brief IB10020 and CRS Issue Brief IB10041.

Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Report Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Action in the First Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Action Before the Conference Report on H.R. 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Action After the Conference Report on H.R. 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Public Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
House Bills (with Senate Companions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
House Bills Introduced after H.R. 6 Conference Report (July 27, 2005). . . 22
Senate Bills (with House Companions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Senate Bills Introduced After H.R. 6 Conference Report (July 27, 2005) . . 38
Congressional Hearings, Reports, and Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
109th Congress: First Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
CRS Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
List of Tables
Table 1. Action on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Legislation, 109th Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Table 2. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Bills by Topic,
109th Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Legislation in the 109th Congress
Introduction
Report Contents
This report summarizes action on more than 140 energy efficiency and
renewable energy bills introduced during the 109th Congress.1 These bills cover a
wide range of policy and issue areas that include appropriations, authorizations,
research and development (R&D), grants, loans, financing, regulation (including a
renewable portfolio standard), tax credits, funding, goals, plans, impacts, and the
environment/climate change. So far, most of these bills have focused on tax credits
and incentives. The bills also cover a range of sectors that include buildings, defense,
education, federal lands/energy management, farms, American Indians, and
international activities. Thus far, the sector of federal lands/energy management has
generated the greatest number of bills. Table 2 groups the bills by topic.
The bills are also categorized by type of renewable resource, type of energy
efficiency measure, and technology. There is a broad range of efficiency measures
and technologies, including cogeneration (combined heat and power), distributed
generation, net metering, equipment and appliance standards, fuel economy
standards, and transportation efficiency. The bills are fairly evenly distributed among
these areas. There is also a broad range of renewable energy resources and
technologies, including alcohol fuels, biofuels, biodiesel, biopower, biomass,
geothermal, hydrogen, hydropower, solar, and wind. So far, the areas of fuels and
wind energy have generated the greatest number of bills.
For each bill listed in this report, a brief description and a summary of action are
given, including references to committee hearings and reports. Also, a selected list
of hearings on energy efficiency and renewable energy is included.
Action in the First Session
Action Before the Conference Report on H.R. 6. In the first session,
action focused on omnibus energy policy bill H.R. 6 (Energy Policy Act of 2005, P.L.
109-58). The House version of H.R. 6 incorporated H.R. 1541 (tax provisions), H.R.
1640 (non-tax provisions), and the Resources Committee print “Domestic Energy
Security Act” (non-tax provisions). The Senate version of H.R. 6 incorporated the
1 This report is intended to complement and support CRS Issue Brief IB10020 Energy
Efficiency: Budget, Oil Conservation, and Electricity Conservation Issues
and CRS Issue
Brief IB10041, Renewable Energy: Tax Credit, Budget, and Electricity Production Issues,
both by Fred Sissine.

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text of S. 10 and a tax title added as an amendment on the Senate floor. The Senate-
passed version of H.R. 6 included a 10% renewable energy portfolio standard (RPS),
a proposal to save 1 million barrels of oil per day through various conservation
measures, and a proposal to extend the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC)
for three years instead of two.2
The enacted version of H.R. 6 (H.Rept. 109-190) contains provisions that
authorize or reauthorize several energy efficiency and renewable energy programs.
It also establishes several new commercial and consumer product efficiency
standards, sets new goals for energy efficiency and renewable energy in federal
facilities and fleets, broadens the Energy Star products program, expands programs
for hydrogen fuel cell buses, extends daylight savings time, and sets a renewable
fuels standard for increased use of ethanol and biodiesel. Further, it extends the PTC
for two years, but it does not include an RPS, does not include the Senate provision
to conserve oil, and does not include the broader range of legislated efficiency
standards proposed by the Senate.
Other action in the first session focused on the Transportation Equity Act (H.R.
3). The enacted version of H.R. 3 (H.Rept. 109-203) has some provisions on clean
(renewable) fuels, energy conservation, and advanced vehicle technologies. Specific
provisions include sections 1113, volumetric excise tax credit for alternative fuels;
1121, high occupancy vehicle (HOV) facilities; 1307, magnetic levitation
transportation; 1807, nonmotorized transportation pilot program; 1808, additions to
congestion mitigation and air quality (CMAQ); 1952, congestion relief; 1954, bicycle
transportation and pedestrian walkways; 3005, metropolitan transportation planning;
3010, clean fuels grant program; 3016, national research and technology programs;
3044, clean fuels grants; 3045, national fuel cell bus technology development
program; 4149, office of intermodalism; 5301, intelligent transportation systems;
5502, congestion relief research initiative; 6001, transportation planning; 6015, clean
school buses; and 9002, study of high speed rail.
Action on H.R. 6, H.R. 3, and appropriation bills is summarized in Table 1.
Action After the Conference Report on H.R. 6. After action on H.R. 6
was completed, continued high prices for oil and natural gas, combined with the huge
impacts of hurricanes Katrina and Rita on major oil and natural gas infrastructure in
the Gulf Coast region, prompted the introduction of about 40 additional bills that
contained provisions involving energy efficiency or renewable energy. The greatest
number of these bills related to transportation fuel savings, alternative/renewable
fuels, and investment tax incentives. A smaller number of bills involved provisions
for R&D, buildings, federal lands/energy management, equipment, and fuel
economy.
The Conference Report on H.R. 6 was issued on July 27, 2005. Bills introduced
after the conference report are shown in Table 2 in italics.
2 The PTC was extended through the end of 2005 by P.L. 108-311 (§313) and by P.L. 108-
357 (§710). Section 1302 of the conference report (H.Rept. 108-375)on H.R. 6 in the 108th
Congress proposed a PTC extension.

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Table 1. Action on Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy Legislation, 109th Congress
Bill
Category
Action
Date
H.R. 2862
Appropriations (science & commerce)
P.L. 109-108
11/22/2005
H.R. 2419
Appropriations (energy & water)
P.L. 109-103
11/19/2005
H.R. 3057
Appropriations (foreign operations)
P.L. 109-102
11/14/2005
H.R. 2744
Appropriations (agriculture)
P.L. 109-97
11/10/2005
H.R. 2863
Appropriations (defense)
Passed Senate
10/7/2005
Passed House
6/20/2005
H.R. 3
Transportation equity bill
P.L. 109-59
8/10/2005
H.R. 6
Omnibus energy bill
P.L. 109-58
8/8/2005
H.R. 2361
Appropriations (interior/environment)
P.L. 109-54
8/2/2005
Table 2. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Bills
by Topic, 109th Congress
(Bills introduced after the H.R. 6 Conference Report [July 27, 2005] are shown in italics.)
I. Policy and Issue Areas
Appropriations. H.R. 2419, H.R. 2361, H.R. 2744, H.R. 2862, H.R. 2863, H.R. 3057
Authorizations/Omnibus Energy Policy. H.R. 6, H.R. 610, H.R. 612, H.R. 1158,
H.R. 1541, H.R. 1640, H.R. 2828, S. 10, S. 665, S. 726
Research and Development. H.R. 610, H.R. 612, S. 387; H.R. 4435, H.R. 4458, S.
1860, S. 1950, S. 1981, S. 2020

Grants. H.R. 3/S. 732, H.R. 168, H.R. 610, H.R. 722, H.R. 1215/S. 1270; H.R. 4350,
H.R. 4609

Loans/Financing. H.R. 388, S. 269, S. 426
Renewable Portfolio Standard. H.R. 6 (Senate), H.R. 983, H.R. 2828, S. 427; H.R.
4384

Tax Incentive for Investment. H.R. 17, H.R. 206, H.R. 424, H.R. 626, H.R. 1212,
H.R. 1397/S. 671, H.R. 1541, H.R. 2070, H.R. 2794, S. 387, S. 680/H.R. 1834, S. 715,
S. 962, S. 971; H.R. 4300, H.R. 4409/S. 2025, H.R. 4449, H.R. 4458, H.R. 4623, H.R.
4640, S. 1850, S. 1852, S. 1981, S. 2020, S. 2045, S. 2105

Tax Incentive for Energy Production. H.R. 36/S. 610, H.R. 141, H.R. 381, H.R.
3152, H.R. 3338, S. 35, S. 387, S. 542, S. 1078, S. 1079, S. 1093, S. 1156, S. 1229;
H.R. 4263, H.R. 4384
Tax Incentive for Fuel Use. H.R. 113, H.R. 206, H.R. 1255, H.R. 2498/S. 1076, H.R.
3059, H.R. 3263, H.R. 3273, H.R. 3274, S. 1077, S. 1232; H.R. 3984
Goals/Plans/Impact Information. H.R. 3/S. 732, H.R. 373, H.R. 610, H.R. 722, H.R.
1158, S. 606; S.Res. 228
Environment/Climate Change. H.R. 6 (Senate), H.R. 759, H.R. 1451, S. 386, S. 387,
S. 388, S. 745, S. 883, S. 887, S. 1151, S. 1203; H.R. 4241, S.Res. 312

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II. Sectors
Buildings. H.R. 610, H.R. 612, H.R. 722, H.R. 737, H.R. 1212, H.R. 2751, H.R. 3263,
S. 680/H.R. 1834; H.R. 4138, H.R. 4350, H.R. 4420, H.R. 4609, S. 1765/S. 1766, S.
2057, S. 2105

Defense. H.R. 174, H.R. 1815/S. 1042, H.R. 2863
Education. H.R. 737, S. 726; H.R. 4409/S. 2025
Federal Lands/Energy Management. H.R. 174, H.R. 705, H.R. 722, H.R. 779, H.R.
983, H.R. 1533, H.R. 1750, S. 650/H.R. 1608, S. 665, S. 680/H.R. 1834, S. 890, S.
1208; H.R. 3646, H.R. 4241, H.R. 4409/S. 2025, S. 1853
Farms/American Indians. H.R. 622/S. 326, S. 269, S. 373, S. 502, S. 542; H.R. 4241,
S. 1852

International/Trade. H.R. 1212, S. 388, S. 745, S. 680/H.R. 1834; H.Res. 507, S.Res.
312, S. 1950

III. Energy Efficiency Measures and Technologies
Cogeneration/Combined Heat and Power (CHP). S. 386, S. 388, S. 726
Distributed Generation/Net Metering/Electric Power. S. 150, S. 426, S. 726, S.
1595; H.R. 4384
Equipment/Lighting/Appliances. H.R. 737, H.R. 1421, H.R. 3263, S. 426, S. 726, S.
680/H.R. 1834, S. 1022; H.R. 4241, H.R. 4300, S. 1850
Fuel Economy. H.R. 705/S. 889, H.R. 722, H.R. 1103/S. 836, H.R. 2070, H.R. 2665,
H.R. 3263, S. 889/H.R. 705; H.R. 3762, H.R. 4384, H.R. 4640
Transportation. H.R. 423, H.R. 444, H.R. 626, H.R. 722, H.R. 1705, H.R. 1706, H.R.
1744, H.R. 2070, H.R. 2358, S.Res. 228, S. 373, S. 808, S. 918; H.R. 3893, H.R. 3984,
H.R. 3986, H.R. 4370, H.R. 4384, H.R. 4409/S. 2025, H.R. 4449, H.R. 4640, S. 1851, S.
1853, S. 1882, S. 1981, S. 1994, S. 2045

IV. Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Alcohol Fuels/Biofuels/Biodiesel. H.R. 3/S. 732, H.R. 36/S. 610, H.R. 113, H.R. 140,
H.R 206, H.R. 325, H.R. 381, H.R. 388, H.R. 1255, H.R. 1398, H.R. 1608, H.R. 1612,
H.R. 1744, H.R. 3059, H.R. 3081, H.R. 3273, H.R. 3274, S. 129, S. 373, S. 502, S. 587,
S. 610, S. 650, S. 918, S. 1232, S. 1609; H.R. 3941, H.R. 4263, H.R. 4409/S. 2025, S.
1950, S. 2045

Biopower/Biomass. H.R. 610, H.R. 612, H.R. 622, H.R. 737, H.R. 983, H.R. 1127,
H.R. 2498/S. 1076, S. 150, S. 326, S. 427, S. 502, S. 542, S. 1078, S. 1079, S. 1156, S.
1210; H.R. 3928
Geothermal. H.R. 174, H.R. 622/S. 326, H.R. 1127, H.R. 3164, S. 269
Hydrogen. H.R. 3/S. 732, H.R. 325, H.R. 610, H.R. 612, H.R. 626, H.R. 722, H.R.
737, H.R. 1750, S. 129, S. 373, S. 427, S. 436, S. 665, S. 726
Hydropower. H.R. 722, H.R. 737, H.R. 779, H.R. 971, H.R. 1530, S. 244, S. 427;
H.R. 4375/S. 2072, H.R. 4377
Solar. H.R. 17, H.R. 381, H.R. 610, H.R. 612, H.R. 622/S. 326, H.R. 722, H.R. 737,
H.R. 1127, S. 150, S. 269, S. 326, S. 426, S. 427, S. 726; H.R. 4300
Wind. H.R. 141, H.R. 381, H.R. 610, H.R. 612, H.R. 622/S. 326, H.R. 737, H.R. 759,
H.R. 983, H.R. 1127, H.R. 1541, H.R. 2938, S. 35, S. 150, S. 269, S. 326, S. 342, S.
426, S. 427, S. 502, S. 542, S. 715, S. 1034, S. 1208

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Legislation
Public Laws
P.L. 109-54 (H.R. 2361)
Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations
Bill, 2006. The conference bill includes $112.5 million for EPA’s Climate Protection
(energy efficiency) Program — $93.5 million under the Office of Environmental
Programs and Management (EPM) and $19.0 million under the Office of Science and
Technology (S&T). Conference reported (H.Rept. 109-188) July 26, 2005. Signed
into law August 2.
P.L. 109-58 (H.R. 6)
Energy Policy Act of 2005. Section 102 sets a goal for 20% energy reduction
in federal facilities by 2015. Section 104 requires federal agency purchases of EPA
Energy Star and Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP)-designated products.
Section 105 permanently extends Energy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPCs)
and sets a $500 million cap. Section 124 authorizes funding to states for rebates to
support the cost premium for residential purchases of Energy Star products. Section
133 establishes energy efficiency standards for a variety of consumer products and
commercial equipment. Title I also sets out several energy efficiency provisions for
public housing. Title VII has provisions for hybrid, fuel cell, and electric vehicles;
and it revises and extends some aspects of fuel economy standards. Title IX
reauthorizes DOE energy efficiency R&D programs. Section 1253 would, under
certain conditions, terminate PURPA (Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act)
cogeneration requirements. Sections 1312 and 1317 create $397 million in tax
credits for energy efficiency. For renewables, Section 202 reauthorizes the
Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI), Title II (Subtitle C) authorizes
increased hydropower at existing dams, Section 203 sets renewables goal for federal
facilities, and Sections 124 and 206 establish residential rebate programs. Also,
Section 1311 provides $18 million in residential investment tax credits over three
years for solar hot water, photovoltaics, and fuel cell equipment.
P.L. 109-59 (H.R. 3)
Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). Section 1208
on High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes includes provisions for alternative-fueled
vehicles and energy-efficient vehicles. Section 3009 on Clean Fuels Formula Grant
Program includes provisions for biodiesel, alcohol fuels, and fuel cells. Section 5213
on Metropolitan Planning directs that goals include energy conservation. Other
provisions in the bill address traffic congestion (§1952), intelligent transportation
systems (Title V, Subtitle C; §6010), bicycling and pedestrian issues (§1405, §1807,
§1954, §2006, and others), and advanced vehicle technologies (§2003, §5513).
P.L. 109-97 (H.R. 2744)
Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related
Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006. Includes $23 million in funding for USDA’s
renewable energy grant and loan program.
P.L. 109-102 (H.R. 3057)
Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations
Bill, 2006. Under Environment Programs, Section 585(a) appropriates “not less
than” $180 million to support clean energy and other climate change policies and

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programs in developing countries, of which $100 million “should be made available
to directly promote and deploy energy conservation, energy efficiency, and renewable
and clean energy technologies.” Also, Section 585(b) requires that the President
submit, within 60 days after the FY2007 budget request, a report to Congress
identifying all federal FY2006 expenditures, domestic and international, related to
climate change. Further, for the U.S. Agency for International Development, the
report must describe FY2005 spending, as well as FY2006 estimated and FY2007
requested funds, for “clean energy and energy efficiency technologies” and for other
measures related to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, by program and country.
P.L. 109-103 (H.R. 2419)
Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2006. Title III includes
$1,185.7 million in funding for DOE’s energy efficiency and renewable energy
programs.
P.L. 109-108 (H.R. 2862)
Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act,
2006. Section 617 directs the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State; the
Securities and Exchange Commission; and the Small Business Administration to
certify that telecommuting opportunities have increased during the previous year.
Section 619 directs the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and
the National Science Foundation (NSF) to certify that telecommuting opportunities
are available to 100% of the eligible workforce. Without the above-noted
certification, the agencies risk forfeiting $5 million at the end of the fiscal year.
House Bills (with Senate Companions)
H.Res. 507 (Bartlett)
A resolution expressing the sense of the House that the United States, in
collaboration with other international allies, should establish an energy project with
the magnitude, creativity, and sense of urgency that was incorporated in the “Man on
the Moon” project to address the inevitable challenges of “Peak Oil.” Introduced on
October 24, 2005 and referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce. The
Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality held a hearing on December 7.
H.R. 3 (Young)/S. 732 (Inhofe)
Transportation Equity Act. Section 1208 on High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV)
Lanes includes provisions for alternative-fueled vehicles and energy-efficient
vehicles. Section 3009 on Clean Fuels Formula Grant Program includes provisions
for biodiesel, alcohol fuels, and fuel cells. Section 5213 on Metropolitan Planning
directs that goals include energy conservation. Other provisions in the bill address
traffic congestion, intelligent transportation systems, bicycling and pedestrian issues,
and advanced vehicle technologies. House bill introduced February 9, 2005; referred
to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Reported (H.Rept. 109-12, Parts
I and II) March 8. Passed House, amended, March 10. Senate bill reported (S.Rept.
109-53) April 6. In lieu of S. 732, Senate passed its version of H.R. 3, amended,
May 17. Conference reported (H.Rept. 109-203) July 28. Signed into law August
10.
H.R. 6 House (Barton)
Energy Policy Act of 2005. Section 102 sets a goal for 20% energy reduction
in federal facilities by 2015. Section 104 requires federal agency purchases of EPA

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Energy Star and FEMP-designated products. Section 105 permanently extends
ESPCs and sets $500 million cap. Section 124 authorizes funding to states for
rebates to support the cost premium for residential purchases of Energy Star products.
Section 133 establishes energy efficiency standards for a variety of consumer
products and commercial equipment. Title I also sets out several energy efficiency
provisions for public housing. Title VII has provisions for hybrid, fuel cell, and
electric vehicles; and revises and extends some aspects of fuel economy standards.
Title IX reauthorizes DOE energy efficiency R&D programs. Section 1253 would,
under certain conditions, terminate PURPA cogeneration requirements. Sections
1312 and 1317 would create $397 million in tax credits for energy efficiency. For
renewables, reauthorizes REPI, authorizes increased hydropower at existing dams,
sets renewables goal for federal facilities, and establishes residential rebate program.
Also, Section 1311 provides $18 million in residential investment tax credits over
three years for solar hot water, photovoltaics, and fuel cell equipment. Committee
on Energy and Commerce ordered committee print reported, as amended, April 13.
Incorporates H.R. 1640 (non-tax provisions), Domestic Energy Security Act, and
H.R. 1541 (as Title XIII). Referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce,
Resources, Ways and Means, Science, and others April 18. Passed House, amended,
April 21. H.Amdt. 74, as amended by H.Amdt. 75, directs EPA to revise certain
adjustment factors used in federal vehicle fuel economy ratings and labels put on new
vehicles. H.Amdt. 78 authorizes $20 million for installation of a photovoltaic solar
electric system at DOE headquarters. Conference reported (H.Rept. 109-190) July
27. Signed into law August 8.
H.R. 6 Senate (Domenici)
Energy Policy Act of 2005. Sections 135 and 136 (incorporated from S. 10)
have stronger energy efficiency standards for consumer products and commercial
equipment. Section 151 requires one million barrels per day in oil savings from
various energy efficiency and energy conservation measures by 2015. Section 204
sets a renewable fuel standard (RFS) of 8 billion gallons by 2012. Other major
differences for energy efficiency and renewable energy have come in the form of
adopted amendments. S.Amdt. 786 makes certain forms of ocean energy eligible for
various renewable energy incentives. S.Amdt. 791 creates a 10% renewable portfolio
standard by 2020. S.Amdt. 800 has several tax provisions for renewable energy and
energy efficiency, including a three-year extension of the renewable energy
production tax credit (PTC). S.Amdt. 817 creates a voluntary program to reduce
greenhouse gas emission intensity that includes support for energy efficiency and
renewable energy technologies. S.Amdt. 866 expresses a “Sense of the Senate” that
climate change is a serious policy concern that merits “mandatory” federal action.
H.R. 6 was brought to the Senate floor on June 14, 2005, and S.Amdt. 775
incorporated S. 10 into the bill as an amendment in the nature of a substitute.
Conference reported (H.Rept. 109-190) July 27. Signed into law August 8.
H.R. 17 (Hayworth)
Residential Solar Energy Tax Credit Act. Creates a 15% investment tax credit
for photovoltaic (electric) equipment, with a maximum of $2,000. Also, it
establishes a 15% credit for solar water heating equipment, with a maximum of
$2,000. Introduced January 4, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 36 (S. King)/S. 610 (Talent)
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to revise the tax credit for biodiesel used as
fuel to include a credit for the production of agri-biodiesel fuel equal to 10 cents for

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each gallon produced. Limits (1) the amount of qualified agri-biodiesel production
of a producer to 15 million gallons for any taxable year; and (2) eligible producers
to those with an annual productive capacity not exceeding 60 million gallons.
Revises the small ethanol producer tax credit to (1) expand the eligibility of small
ethanol producers for the credit; (2) exclude the credit from the definition of passive
activity credit; and (3) exclude credit amounts from inclusion in gross income.
House bill introduced January 4, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
Senate bill introduced March 11, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
H.R. 113 (M. Kennedy)
Requires the Secretary of Transportation to determine apportionments to states
of federal-aid highway funds for FY2006 or any subsequent fiscal year in a particular
manner if FY2005 or any preceding fiscal year is taken into account in the
computation. Directs the Secretary, in such an instance, to base his calculations on
the amount of estimated tax receipts that would have resulted if certain alcohol fuel
mixture and biodiesel mixture excise tax credits under the American Jobs Creation
Act of 2004 had taken effect at the beginning of the fiscal year. Introduced January
5, 2005; referred to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.
H.R. 140 (McHugh)
Promotes the use of anaerobic (methane) digesters by agricultural producers and
rural small businesses to produce renewable energy and improve environmental
quality. Introduced January 4, 2005; referred to Committee on Agriculture.
H.R. 141 (McHugh)
Makes permanent the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) for
producing electricity from wind. Introduced January 4, 2005; referred to Committee
on Ways and Means.
H.R. 168 (Millender-McDonald)
Goods Movement Act of 2005. Directs the Secretary of Transportation to
consider congestion relief, energy consumption, and intelligent transportation
systems in selecting projects for grants to state and local government. Introduced
January 4, 2005; referred to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.
H.R. 174 (Millender-McDonald)
Geothermal Energy Initiative Act of 2005. Calls for a new resource assessment,
more access to federal land, improved leasing and permitting, and reimbursement for
required environmental analyses. Introduced January 4, 2005; referred to Committee
on Resources and the Committee on Agriculture.
H.R. 206 (Serrano)
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow certain businesses located in areas
designated as nonattainment areas under the Clean Air Act a general business tax
credit for the cost of certain clean-fuel vehicle property and clean-burning fuel.
Allows the credit to be taken against regular and alternative minimum tax liabilities.
Allows a tax deduction for any unused clean fuel credit amounts. The maximum
credit is $2,000 for vehicles weighing less than 5 tons, $5,000 for vehicles weighing
between 5 and 13 tons, and $50,000 for trucks and vans weighing more than 13 tons
and for buses with 20 or more passengers. Introduced January 4, 2005; referred to
Committee on Ways and Means.

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H.R. 325 (Graves)/S. 129 (Talent)
Hybrid HOV Access Act. Allows energy-efficient and low-emission vehicles
to use HOV facilities. House bill introduced January 25, 2005; referred to
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Senate bill introduced January 24,
2005; referred to Committee on Environment and Public Works.
H.R. 381 (Gillmor)
Permits a state to provide tax incentives for production of electricity from (1)
coal mined in the state and used in a facility, if such production meets federal and
state laws and if the facility uses clean coal technology, including scrubbers; (2) a
renewable source such as wind, solar, or biomass; or (3) ethanol. Declares that any
such state tax incentive shall (1) be considered to be a reasonable regulation of
commerce, and (2) not be considered to impose an undue burden on interstate
commerce or to otherwise impair, restrain, or discriminate, against interstate
commerce. Introduced January 26, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and
Commerce and Committee on Judiciary.
H.R. 388 (Kaptur)
Biofuels Energy Independence Act of 2005. Authorizes the Secretary of
Agriculture to make and guarantee loans for biofuel production, distribution,
development, and storage. Sets forth loan eligibility provisions. Directs the Secretary
to establish a related revolving fund. Authorizes the Secretary to administer a
Biofuels Feedstocks Energy Reserve to (1) provide feedstocks in furtherance of
biofuel-based energy production; and (2) support the biofuels energy industry when
production is at risk due to feedstock reductions or commodity price increases. Sets
forth related provisions respecting commercial commodity purchases, release of
commodity stocks, and storage payments. Introduced January 26, 2005; referred to
Committee on Agriculture. Senate bill introduced March 15; referred to Committee
on Energy and Natural Resources.
H.R. 423 (Terry)
Homeland Infrastructure Power Security and Assurance Incentives Act of 2005.
Authorizes the Secretary of Energy to establish an Advanced Power System
Technology Incentive Program of incentive payments to eligible owners or operators
to (1) support deployment of new advanced power system technologies such as fuel
cells, turbines, hybrid, and storage system power technologies; and (2) improve and
protect certain critical governmental, industrial, and commercial processes. Requires
such funding to be used to increase power generation through enhanced operational,
economic, and environmental performance. Introduced January 26, 2005; referred
to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 424 (Terry)
Energy Efficiency Investment Act of 2005. Amends the Internal Revenue Code
to allow a tax credit for up to 25% of the cost of certain energy efficient property
installed in business and residential properties. Introduced January 26, 2005; referred
to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 444 (Issa)
Hybrid Vehicle HOV Access Act. Amends Federal highway law to authorize
a State to permit a hybrid vehicle with fewer than two occupants to operate in high
occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes. Defines “hybrid vehicle” as a motor vehicle (1) that
draws propulsion energy from onboard sources of stored energy which are both an

CRS-10
internal combustion or heat engine using combustible fuel and a rechargeable energy
storage system; and (2) which (in the case of a passenger automobile or light truck)
for 2002 and later models meets certain clean air requirements. Introduced February
1, 2005; referred to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.
H.R. 610 (Biggert)
Energy Research, Development, Demonstration, and Commercial Application
Act of 2005. Directs the Secretary of Energy to establish R&D programs in (1)
vehicles, buildings, and industrial processes; (2) renewable energy research; (3)
civilian nuclear energy research; (4) fuel recycling technology; (5) fossil energy
production, upgrading, conversion and consumption; (6) oil and gas research; (7) fuel
cells; and (8) ultra-deepwater and unconventional natural gas. Instructs the Secretary
to (1) plan programs directly related to fuel cells or hydrogen; and (2) conduct
programs to address hydrogen production from diverse energy sources. Directs the
President to establish an interagency task force to work toward fuel infrastructure for
hydrogen and hydrogen-carrier fuels, including buses and other fleet transportation.
Establishes the Hydrogen Technical and Fuel Cell Advisory Committee. Directs the
Secretary to establish a competitive grant pilot program for acquisition of (1)
alternative fueled vehicles or fuel cell vehicles; (2) hybrid vehicles; and (3) ultra-low
sulfur diesel vehicles. Directs the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency to establish a grant program for (1) the replacement of certain school buses
with alternative fuel school buses and ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel school buses; and
(2) installation of retrofit technologies for diesel school buses. Instructs the Secretary
to enter into cooperative agreements (1) with private sector fuel cell bus developers
for the development of fuel cell-powered school buses; and (2) government entities
using natural gas-powered school buses and private sector fuel cell bus developers
to demonstrate the use of fuel cell-powered school buses. Directs the Secretary to (1)
establish a fuel cell transit bus demonstration program; and (2) award grants to
universities for the establishment of Centers of Excellence for Energy Systems of the
Future to advance new clean coal technologies. Introduced February 8, 2005;
referred to House Committees on Science, Resources, and Energy and Commerce.
Science Committee ordered to be reported February 10, 2005.

H.R. 612 (Biggert)
Energy Basic and Applied Sciences Act of 2005. Requires the Secretary of
Energy to establish advisory committees to advise the department’s applied programs
in energy efficiency, renewable energy, and other areas. Directs the Secretary to
establish a R&D program in: vehicles, buildings, and industrial processes; renewable
energy research; fuel cells; and other areas. Introduced February 8, 2005; referred to
Committees on Science, Resources, and Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 622 (Bono)/S. 326 (Smith)
Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI) Reform Act. Amends the
Energy Policy Act of 1992 to modify renewable energy production incentive payment
guidelines to provide that if there are insufficient appropriations to make full
payments for electric production from all qualified renewable energy facilities in any
given year, the Secretary of Energy shall assign 60% of appropriated funds for that
year to facilities that use solar, wind, geothermal, or closed-loop (dedicated energy
crops) biomass technologies to generate electricity, and assign the remaining 40% to
other projects. Redefines a qualified renewable energy facility as one (1) owned by
certain tax-exempt electricity-generating cooperatives, certain public utilities, a state,
territorial, or local governments or an Indian tribal government; and (2) which may

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involve electricity generation by landfill gas. Extends through FY2015 the deadline
for first use of a facility eligible for incentive payments. House bill introduced
February 8, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce. Senate bill
introduced February 9, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources.
H.R. 626 (Camp)
VEHICLE Technology Act of 2005. Amends the Internal Revenue Code to
repeal the phaseouts of the tax credit for qualified electric vehicles and of the tax
deduction for clean-fuel vehicles. Allows a tax credit for investment in certain
alternative motor vehicles, including fuel cell vehicles, advanced lean burn
technology motor vehicles, hybrid motor vehicles, alternative fuel motor vehicles,
and mixed-fuel vehicles. Sets forth formulas for determining the amount of the credit
based on various factors, including vehicle weight and fuel efficiency ratings.
Modifies the tax deduction for clean-fuel vehicles and certain refueling property to
(1) extend the terminating date for such deduction through 2009, and through 2012
for hydrogen-related property; (2) increase to $150,000 the cost limitation for the
deduction; and (3) extend the deduction to nonbusiness property. Introduced
February 8, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 705 (Gilchrest)/S. 889 (Feinstein)
Automobile Fuel Economy Act of 2005. Sets forth certain increased average
fuel economy standards for certain light trucks, automobiles (up to 10,000 pounds
gross vehicle weight), and certain classes of vehicles in the federal fleet that are
manufactured or purchased after specified dates. House bill introduced February 9,
2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce and Committee on
Government Reform. Senate bill introduced April 21, 2005; referred to Committee
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
H.R. 722 (Oberstar)
Securing Transportation Energy Efficiency for Tomorrow Act of 2005. Amends
the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 to authorize the
Administrator of General Services to establish a program for the procurement and
installation of photovoltaic solar electric systems for electric production in public
buildings. Directs the Architect of the Capitol to evaluate the energy infrastructure
of the Capitol Complex to determine how it could be augmented to become more
energy efficient, using photovoltaic solar energy systems, district-heating, and other
unconventional and renewable energy resources. Amends federal transportation law
to (1) direct the Secretary of Transportation (Secretary) to establish a program of
grants to state and local governments for fuel conservation projects; (2) authorize the
Secretary to make grants for fuel cell bus technology projects; and (3) require
environmental impact statements for federal-aid highway and transit projects to
consider energy impacts as an environmental project consequence. Directs the
Secretary to establish (1) a Conserve By Bicycling pilot program for projects to
encourage the use of bicycles in place of motor vehicles; and (2) a specified
public-private research partnership dedicated to advancement of railroad technology,
efficiency, and safety owned by the Federal Railroad Administration and operated in
the private sector. Directs (1) the Secretary to establish a pilot clean airport bus
replacement and fleet expansion grant program; and (2) the Administrator of the
Federal Aviation Administration to establish a public-private research partnership to
develop a clean ground demonstrator engine utilizing specified National Aeronautics
and Space Administration-developed technologies. Directs the Secretary to establish

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a public-private research partnership to develop and demonstrate technologies that
increase fuel economy, reduce emissions, and lower costs of marine transportation,
as well as the efficiency of intermodal transfers. Directs the Secretary of the Army
to study and report to Congress on the potential for reduced fossil fuel consumption
through an increase in U.S. hydropower capabilities. Amends the Internal Revenue
Code to exclude from gross income as a qualifying transportation fringe benefit a
commuting allowance of $75 per month for individuals who bicycle, carpool, or
car-share to work. Introduced February 9, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy
and Commerce and Committee on Government Reform.
H.R. 737 (Woolsey)
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Act of 2005. Declares it shall be
policy of the United States that its research, development, demonstration, and
commercial applications programs be designed to enable 20% of domestic energy
generated from stationary sources to be generated from nonhydropower renewable
energy sources by the year 2020. Prescribes research and development program goals
to implement such policy in connection with enhanced (1) renewable energy; (2)
energy efficiency; and (3) aeronautical system energy. Directs the Secretary of
Energy to (1) submit to Congress an assessment of renewable energy resources
available for commercial application; and (2) implement a Next Generation Lighting
Initiative for advanced solid-state lighting technologies based on white light-emitting
diodes. Requires the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy to
establish (1) an interagency group to develop a National Building Performance
Initiative; and (2) an advisory committee to analyze and provide recommendations
on potential private sector roles and participation in the Initiative. Directs the
Secretary of Energy to (1) commission an independent assessment of innovative
financing techniques to facilitate construction of new renewable energy and energy
efficiency facilities; (2) establish a demonstration program for innovative
technologies for renewable energy sources in buildings owned or operated by a state
or local government; (3) provide assistance to small businesses and startup
companies for the commercial application of renewable energy and energy efficiency
technologies developed by or with support from the Department of Energy; (4)
establish an education and outreach program on renewable energy and energy
efficiency technologies; and (5) establish a competitive matching grant pilot program
for voluntary local government programs that seek to promote innovative energy
efficiency technologies and processes to reduce the industrial use of water and the
discharge of wastewater from commercial and industrial entities. Introduced
February 9, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 759 (Gilchrest)
Climate Stewardship Act of 2005. Establishes various policies for curbing
greenhouse gas emissions that include several energy-efficiency and renewable
energy measures. Introduced February 10, 2005; referred to Committee on Science
and to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 779 (Radanovich)
Federal Hydropower Enhancement Act of 2005. Directs the Secretary of the
Interior, the Secretary of Energy, and the Secretary of the Army to study and report
to Congress on the potential for increasing electric power production capability at
federally owned or operated facilities for water regulation, storage, and conveyance.
Introduced February 10, 2005; referred to Committee on Resources and to Committee
on Transportation and Infrastructure.

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H.R. 889 (Young)/S. 1280 (Snowe)
Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Act of 2005. Section 419 of the
House bill directs the Commandant of the Coast Guard, when prompted by the
Secretary of the Army, to state whether an offshore wind energy facility constitutes
an obstruction to navigation. House bill introduced February 17, 2005; referred to
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and Committee on Homeland
Security. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure reported (H.Rept. 109-
204, pt. 1) July 28. Passed House, amended, September 15. In Senate, introduced
June 21, referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Resources and to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Committee on
Commerce, Science, and Transportation Resources reported (S.Rept. 109-114) July
28. S. 1280 was incorporated into H.R. 889 as an amendment in the nature of a
substitute. Passed Senate October 27.
H.R. 971 (Simmons)
Directs the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to extend through May 30,
2007, the time period during which the licensee is required to commence
construction for projects numbered 11547, 10822, and 10823 in the state of
Connecticut. Requires the commission thereafter, upon licensee request, to extend
the time period for construction of such project for two consecutive two-year periods.
Directs the commission to reinstate the licenses for such projects effective as of their
respective expiration dates. States that the first authorized extension for each such
project shall take effect on its expiration date. Introduced February 17, 2005; referred
to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 983 (T. Udall)
Amends the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 to prescribe
guidelines for a Federal Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) for calendar years 2008
through 2037. Specifies a schedule of graduated annual percentages of a supplier’s
base amount, from 1% in 2008 up to 20% in 2027 and thereafter, that shall be
generated from renewable energy resources. Authorizes a supplier to satisfy such
requirements through the submission of renewable energy credits to the Secretary of
Energy. Provides for energy credit trading or borrowing among suppliers. Directs
the Secretary to (1) encourage federally owned utilities, municipally owned utilities,
and rural electric cooperatives that sell electric energy to electric consumers for
purposes other than resale to participate in the renewable portfolio standard program;
and (2) establish by December 31, 2007, a state renewable energy account program.
Introduced February 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 1103 (N. Johnson)
Fuel Efficiency Truth in Advertising Act of 2005. Directs the Administrator of
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to revise certain federal vehicle fuel
economy test procedures to take into consideration higher speed limits, faster
acceleration rates, variations in temperature, use of air conditioning, shorter city test
cycle lengths, and the use of other fuel depleting features. Introduced March 3, 2005;
referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce. Incorporated into H.R. 6 as floor
amendment H.Amdt. 74 (as amended by H.Amdt. 75).
H.R. 1127 (T. Lee)
Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI) Reform and Reauthorization
Act. Makes equal incentives available from the Department of Energy (solar, wind,
geothermal), Department of Agriculture (biomass), and Environmental Protection

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Agency (landfill gas). Introduced March 3, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy
and Commerce.
H.R. 1158 (Hart)
Reauthorizes the Steel and Aluminum Energy Conservation and Technology
Competitiveness Act of 1988. Modifies the list of priorities that the Secretary of
Energy must consider in reviewing research and development activities for possible
inclusion in the Steel Initiative Research Plan to include the development of (1)
advanced sheet and bar steel; and (2) technologies that reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. Introduced March 8, 2005; referred to Committee on Science.
H.R. 1212 (Weller)
Save America’s Valuable Energy Resources Act of 2005. Amends the Internal
Revenue Code to establish tax credits for (1) qualified energy efficient improvements
to existing homes; and (2) the construction of qualified new energy efficient homes.
Allows a tax deduction for energy efficient commercial building property
expenditures. Introduced March 10; referred to Committees on Energy and
Commerce, Ways and Means, and Science.
H.R. 1215 (Gingrey)/S. 1270 (Snowe)
Green Chemistry Research and Development Act of 2005. Provision for grants
to manufacturers includes measures that would increase energy efficiency. House
bill introduced March 10, 2005; referred to Committee on Science.
H.R. 1255 (C. Peterson)
Clean Power Plant Act of 2005. Amends the Internal Revenue Code to extend
until December 31, 2010, the tax credit for biodiesel used as fuel. Introduced March
10, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 1397 (N. Johnson)/S. 671 (Lieberman)
Establishes an investment tax credit for fuel cell equipment purchased for
business and residential uses. The fuel cell must have a minimum capacity of 0.5
kilowatt (kw). The upper limit of the credit is $500 for each 0.5 kw, with a
maximum of 30% of the total fuel cell cost. House bill introduced March 17, 2005;
referred to Committee on Ways and Means. Senate bill introduced March 17, 2005;
referred to Committee on Finance.
H.R. 1398 (Kaptur)
Amends the Clean Air Act to require that, after the year 2010, all gasoline sold
in the United States for motor vehicles contain at least 10% ethanol and that all diesel
fuel sold in the United States for motor vehicles contain at least 5% Biodiesel.
Introduced March 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 1421 (Nussle)
Resource Efficient Appliance Incentives Act of 2005. Creates an equipment
production credit for 2005 through 2010 that ranges from $50 to $150 per unit for
clothes washers and refrigerators that meet certain energy-efficiency criteria. The
total value of credits is limited by a dollar amount and by a percent of gross revenue.
Introduced March 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

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H.R. 1451 (Waxman)
Clean Smokestacks Act of 2005. Amends the Clean Air Act (CAA) to require
the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to promulgate
regulations to achieve specified reductions in aggregate emissions of sulfur dioxide,
nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide, and mercury from powerplants (electric generation
facilities with a nameplate capacity of 15 megawatts or more that use a combustion
device to generate electricity for sale) by January 1, 2010. States that regulations
promulgated under this act may require additional emissions reductions if the
Administrator determines that the specified reductions are not reasonably anticipated
to protect public health or welfare. Directs the Administrator to coordinate with
other federal and state agencies to increase energy efficiency, to increase the use of
renewable energy, and to implement cost saving advanced demand and supply side
policies. Requires powerplants, on the later of the date 30 years after the powerplant
commenced operation or five years after this act’s enactment, to comply with the
most recent new source performance standards under CAA provisions regarding air
quality and emissions limitations and with specified requirements for modified
sources. Introduced March 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and
Commerce.
H.R. 1482 (Wynn)
Hydrogen Liberty Act. Authorizes $3.9 billion over 10 years for research and
development of advanced nuclear reactor ($1.3 billion), solar energy ($1.3 billion),
and wind energy ($1.3 billion) technologies for the production of hydrogen. The bill
would create 15 demonstration projects, five for each of the three technologies.
Introduced April 5, 2005; referred to Committee on Science and Committee on
Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 1511 (Foley)
Extends the renewable energy electricity production tax credit (PTC) for wind
energy for five years. Introduced April 6, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and
Means.
H.R. 1530 (Shadegg)
Section 3(e) creates a 1.5cent/kwh incentive (maximum $1 million) for
increased hydropower capacity at existing non-federal dams. Also, for qualified
efficiency improvements (minimum 3% improvement) at existing dams, Section 4
creates incentive worth up to 10% of the capital cost. Introduced April 6, 2005;
referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 1533 (T. Davis)
Federal Energy Management Improvement Act of 2005. Title I has provisions
for energy reduction goals, energy-efficient equipment procurement, and ESPCs.
Title II requires purchases of renewable energy. Title VII has provisions for
alternative fuel use. Introduced April 8, 2005; referred to Committee on Government
Reform and Committee on Energy and Commerce. Committee on Government
Reform held markup and ordered reported April 13.
H.R. 1541 (Thomas)
Enhanced Energy Infrastructure and Technology Tax Act of 2005. Referred to
Committee on Ways and Means April 12, 2005. Committee held markup April 13.
Reported (H.Rept. 109-45) April 18. Incorporated into H.R. 6.

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H.R. 1608 (Herseth)/S. 650 (Lugar)
Fuels Security Act of 2005. Section 101 increases the renewable fuel standard
(RFS) to 8 billion gallons by 2012. Section 102 directs federal agencies purchases
of gasoline to include 10% ethanol-blended gasoline within five years. It also directs
agencies’ purchases of diesel fuel to include 2% biodiesel in five years and 20%
biodiesel in 10 years. House bill introduced April 13, 2005; referred to Committee
on Energy and Commerce. Senate bill, introduced March 17, 2005; referred to the
Committee on Environment and Public Works.
H.R. 1612 (Kaptur)
Establishes ethanol (10% blend) and biodiesel (2% rising to 20% over 10 years)
fuel requirements for the federal fleet. Introduced April 13, 2005; referred to
Committee on Government Reform.
H.R. 1640 (Barton)
Energy Policy Act of 2005. Contains titles on energy efficiency, renewable
energy, alternative fuels, and many other non-tax energy policy areas. On April 14,
2005, referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Resources, Science, and
several other committees. Incorporated into H.R. 6.
H.R. 1705 (Shadegg)
Establishes a program to support deployment of idle reduction and energy
conservation technologies for heavy-duty vehicles, and for other purposes.
Introduced April 19, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce and
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.
H.R. 1706 (Shadegg)
Directs the Secretary of Energy to conduct a program in partnership with the
private sector to accelerate efforts of domestic automobile manufacturers to
manufacture commercially available competitive hybrid vehicle technologies in the
United States. Introduced April 19, 2005; referred to Committee on Science and
Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 1744 (Ruppersberger)
Common Sense Automobile Efficiency Act of 2005. Repeals phaseouts of tax
credits for qualified electric and clean-fueled vehicles. Introduced April 20, 2005;
referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 1750 (Boehlert)
Grand Canyon Hydrogen-Powered Transportation Demonstration Act of 2005.
Directs DOE (in cooperation with Department of Interior) to research, develop, and
demonstrate, in cooperation with affected and related industries, a hydrogen-based
alternative public transportation system suitable for operations within Grand Canyon
National Park and other sensitive resource areas. Introduced April 21, 2005; referred
to Committee on Science.
H.R. 1797 (McMorris)/S. 881 (Cantwell)
Spokane Tribe of Indians of the Spokane Reservation Grand Coulee Dam
Equitable Compensation Settlement Act. Establishes in the Treasury the Spokane
Tribe of Indians Settlement Fund. Requires the payment of compensation to the
Spokane Business Council for the use of tribal lands for the generation of
hydropower from the Grand Coulee Dam. Requires the use of such funds, in part,

CRS-17
for a Cultural Resource Repository and Interpretive Center concerning the culture and
history of the Spokane Tribe. Directs the Administrator of the Bonneville Power
Administration to make specified settlement payments to the Spokane Tribe. Allows
payments made to the Spokane Business Council or Spokane Tribe to be used or
invested by the Business Council in the same manner and for the same purposes as
other Spokane Tribal governmental funds. Directs the Secretary of the Interior to
transfer administrative jurisdiction from the Bureau of Reclamation to the Bureau of
Indian Affairs over certain land located within the exterior boundaries of the Spokane
Indian Reservation and certain other land located on the south bank of the Spokane
River. Provides that payments by the Secretary and the Administrator and restoration
of ownership of land in trust constitute full satisfaction of the claim of the Spokane
Tribe to a fair share of the annual hydropower revenues generated by the Grand
Coulee Dam project for the past and continued use of land of the Spokane Tribe for
the production of hydropower at Grand Coulee Dam. House bill introduced April 21,
2005; referred to Committee on Resources. Ordered reported May 18. Senate bill
introduced April 21, 2005; referred to Committee on Indian Affairs.
H.R. 1815 (Hunter)/S. 1042 (Warner)
National Defense Authorization Act for FY2006. Section 2402 authorizes
funding for energy conservation projects. House bill introduced April 26, 2005;
referred to Committee on Armed Services. Includes $50 million authorization.
Reported (H.Rept. 109-89) May 20. Passed House May 25. Senate bill introduced
May 12, 2005; referred to Committee on Armed Services. Includes $60 million
authorization. Reported (S.Rept. 109-69) May 17. The Senate passed H.R. 1815,
incorporating S. 1042 as an amendment in the nature of a substitute, on November
15. Section 346 of the Senate-passed bill directs DOD to study and report on the
effects of offshore wind machines on military radar installations.
H.R. 1834 (Cunningham)/S. 680 (Snowe)
Efficient Energy Through Certified Technologies and Electricity Reliability
(EFFECTER) Act of 2005. Section 101 creates an income tax deduction ($2.25 per
square foot maximum) for energy efficiency measures that reduce commercial
building energy use by 50% below the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration,
and Air Conditioning Equipment Association’s (ASHRAE’s) 90.1 industry energy
efficiency standard. Section 102 establishes an investment tax credit for energy
efficiency measures in new home construction that reduce energy use by 30%
($1,000 maximum) or by 50% ($2,000 maximum). Section 103 sets a tax deduction
for business use of solar hot water, photovoltaics, heat pumps (gas, electric, ground
source), furnaces, and boilers. It also creates a tax deduction ($6,000 maximum) for
such equipment used in residential rental properties that reduces energy use by 50%
(pro-rated for smaller energy reductions). Section 104 creates a nonbusiness tax
credit ($2,000 maximum) for equipment that reduces energy use by 50%. Section 105
establishes an investment tax credit available over four years to combined heat and
power (CHP or cogeneration) systems smaller than 15 megawatts (MW) that satisfy
certain efficiency standards. Section 201 sets energy efficiency test procedures and
standards for a variety of equipment and products. For battery chargers and external
power supplies, the Secretary of Energy has three years to determine whether
standards are needed. Further, standards (or requirements) are set for vending
machines, commercial refrigerators and freezers, illuminated exit signs, torchieres,
distribution transformers, traffic signal modules, unit heaters, compact fluorescent
light bulbs, ceiling fans, dehumidifiers, spray valves, and furnace fans. Section 202
directs the Secretary of Energy to issue a rulemaking that assesses effectiveness of

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labeling requirements and a rulemaking to set labeling requirements for additional
consumer products (including distribution transformers). Section 203 sets test
procedures and standards for commercial package air conditioners and heating
equipment. Section 204 creates standards for commercial refrigerators and freezers.
Section 301 directs federal agencies to procure EPA Energy Star and DOE FEMP-
designated energy equipment, where it is cost-effective. Section 302 permanently
extends the authority for federal agencies to enter energy saving performance
contracts (ESPCs). Section 303 sets federal building energy performance standards
by updating the baseline from the 1992 Council of American Building Officials
(CABO) to the 2003 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC). Further, it
directs the Secretary of Energy to require new federal buildings to achieve a 30%
energy reduction, provided it is cost-effective on a life-cycle basis. Section 401
modifies the Public Housing Capital Fund to include certain energy and water use
efficiency improvements. Section 402 directs the Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD) to provide grants for certain energy and water efficiency
improvements to multifamily housing projects. Section 403 directs public housing
agencies to purchase cost-effective Energy Star or FEMP-designated appliances and
products. Section 404 changes the energy efficiency standards and codes for public
housing from CABO to the 2003 International Energy Conservation Code, where
HUD finds it cost-effective. House bill introduced April 26, 2005; referred to
Committees on Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, and Financial Services.
Senate bill introduced March 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
H.R. 2070 (Kucinich)
Creates an income tax credit for purchases of fuel-efficient passenger vehicles
and establishes grants for mass transit. Introduced May 4, 2005; referred to
Committee on Ways and Means and Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.
H.R. 2358 (M. Udall)
Aeronautics Research and Development Revitalization Act of 2005. Section
201 directs the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to set 10-
year technology improvement goals, which include a 25% reduction in fuel use for
medium- and long-range commercial aircraft. Introduced May 12, 2005; referred to
Committee on Science.
H.R. 2361 (Taylor)
Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations
Bill, 2006. House version includes $91.5 million (EPM) and $20.0 million (S&T)
for EPA’s Climate Protection Program. Senate version includes $94.5 million (EPM)
and $17.7 million (S&T). Committee on Appropriations reported (H.Rept. 109-80)
May 13, 2005. Passed House, amended, May 19. Reported (S.Rept. 109-80) in
Senate June 10. Passed Senate, amended, June 29. Conference reported (H.Rept.
109-188) July 26. Signed into law August 2.
H.R. 2419 (Hobson)
Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2006. Includes funding
for DOE’s energy efficiency and renewable energy programs. Committee on
Appropriations reported (H.Rept. 109-86) May 18, 2005. Passed House, amended,
May 24. Committee on Appropriations reported (S.Rept. 109-84) June 16. Passed
Senate July 1. Conference reported (H.Rept. 109-275) November 7. Signed into law
November 19.

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H.R. 2498 (Hulshof)/S. 1076 (Lincoln)
Extends through December 31, 2010, the tax credit for biodiesel used as fuel
and the excise credits for biodiesel mixtures and biodiesel used to produce biodiesel
mixtures. House bill introduced May 19, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and
Means. Senate bill introduced May 19, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
H.R. 2665 (Engel)
Encourages the availability and use of motor vehicles that have improved fuel
efficiency, in order to reduce oil imports. Introduced May 26, 2005; referred to
Committee on Ways and Means, Committee on Financial Services, and Committee
on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 2744 (Bonilla)
Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related
Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006. Includes $23 million in funding for USDA’s
renewable energy grant and loan program. Committee on Appropriations reported
(H.Rept. 109-102) June 2, 2005. Passed House, amended, June 8. Reported
(S.Rept. 109-92) in Senate June 27. Passed Senate September 22. Conference
reported (H.Rept. 109-255) October 26.
H.R. 2751 (Andrews)
FHA Energy Efficiency Act. Amends Section 526 of the National Housing Act
to provide that any certification of a property for meeting energy efficiency
requirements for mortgage insurance must be conducted by an individual certified by
an accredited home energy rating system provider. Introduced June 7, 2005; referred
to Committee on Financial Services.
H.R. 2794 (R. Lewis)
Clean Energy Bonds Act of 2005. Establishes a nonrefundable tax credit to
holders of qualified bonds issued to finance certain clean energy projects. Qualified
borrowers include electric coops, governmental bodies, and the Tennessee Valley
Authority. Unused credits can be carried over for one year. Introduced June 8, 2005;
referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 2828 (Inslee)
New Apollo Energy Act of 2005. Includes incentives for fuel-efficient vehicles,
including tax credits for the purchase of hybrid, alternative-fuel, low-emission
advanced diesel, and fuel-cell vehicles. Also, it provides $11.5 billion in tax credits
for the automotive and aerospace industries to develop new fuel efficient automobiles
and planes, retool existing plants, and construct new plants to manufacture
energy-efficient vehicles. Establishes an alternative fuel vehicle purchase
requirement for government agencies; tax credits for the installation of alternative
refueling properties and for the retail sale of alternative fuels; a renewable fuels
standard is set at 8 billion gallons by 2013; modifies the tax credit for qualified
electric vehicles; and creates loans for schools to buy high-efficiency vehicles. New
Apollo provides $49 billion in government loan guarantees for the construction of
clean-energy generation facilities that will produce power from wind, solar,
geothermal, biomass, oceans, coal with carbon-sequestration technology, and other
sources. Commits $10.5 billion to research-and-development and investment tax
credits for clean energy-producing operations. In addition, it includes a 10-year
extension of the current renewable energy production tax credit (PTC). Calls for
reductions in daily domestic oil consumption of 600,000 barrels a day by 2010;

CRS-20
1,700,000 barrels by 2015; and 3,000,000 barrels by 2020. Caps U.S. emissions of
greenhouse gases while allowing companies to purchase and trade credits among
themselves to ensure the most cost-effective reductions, and funds research to help
industries shift to cleaner operations. Further, provides $7 billion in loan guarantees
for the development of clean coal power plants. Funds new federal research into
advanced clean technologies, and creates a government-funded risk pool to help
start-up clean-energy companies commercialize their products. Establishes a
Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) requiring all utilities, by 2021, to produce 10%
of their electricity from renewable energy sources. Creates national net-metering and
interconnection standards for homeowners. Also, it includes provisions to make it
revenue-neutral, by reducing corporate tax shelters and loopholes, and by auctioning
some of the allowances under the carbon dioxide trading program. Introduced June
9, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means, Committee on Energy and
Commerce, and several other committees.
H.R. 2862 (Wolf)
Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act,
2006. Section 618 directs the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the
Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Small Business Administration to
certify that telecommuting opportunities have increased over the previous year.
Section 619 directs the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and
the National Science Foundation (NSF) to certify that telecommuting opportunities
are available to 100% of the eligible workforce. Without the above-noted
certification, the agencies risk forfeiting $5 million at the end of the fiscal year.
Reported (H.Rept. 109-118) June 10, 2005. Passed House, amended, June 16.
Senate Committee on Appropriations reported (S.Rept. 109-88) June 23. Passed
Senate September 15. Conference reported (H.Rept. 109-272) November 7. Signed
into law November 22.
H.R. 2863 (Young)
Department of Defense Appropriations Bill, 2006. Title II, regarding Operation
and Maintenance, includes $5 million for a wind power demonstration project on an
Air Force base. Committee on Appropriations reported (H.Rept. 109-119) June 10,
2005. Passed House, amended, June 20. Senate Committee on Appropriations
reported (S.Rept. 109-14) September 29. Passed Senate October 7.
H.R. 2938 (Duncan)
Environmentally Responsible Windpower Act of 2005. Provides for local
control over the siting of wind machines, including prohibiting federal subsidies for
machines located within 20 miles of national monuments. Introduced July 1, 2005;
referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce and Committee on Ways and
Means.
H.R. 3057 (Kolbe)
Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations
Bill, 2006. In Senate version of bill, Development Assistance (Environment
Programs, Section 6074a) includes $180 million for energy efficiency, renewable
energy, and clean energy technologies. Section 6074(b) requires that the President
submit, after the FY2007 budget request, a report to Congress identifying all federal
FY2006 expenditures related to climate change. House Committee on
Appropriations reported (H.Rept. 109-152) June 21, 2005. Passed House, amended,

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June 28. Reported (S.Rept. 109-96) in Senate June 30. Passed Senate July 20.
Conference reported (H.Rept. 109-265) November 2. Signed into law November 14.
H.R. 3059 (Carson)
Alternative Fuel Utilization and Infrastructure Development Incentives Act of
2005. Establishes tax credits for: (1) 50% of the cost of any residential or
commercial alternative fuel vehicle refueling property to store or dispense E-85 fuel
(alternative vehicle fuel consisting of at least 85% ethanol) that is placed in service;
and (2) the retail sale of E-85 fuel for use in an alternative fuel motor vehicle.
Introduced June 24, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 3081 (Gutknecht)
Renewable Fuels Act of 2005. Amends the Clean Air Act to direct the
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish a program
to require U.S. motor vehicle fuels to contain a certain volume of renewable fuel.
Defines “renewable fuel” to include cellulosic biomass ethanol, waste derived
ethanol, and biodiesel. Establishes a system of: (1) tradeable credits for motor
vehicle fuel containing more renewable fuel than required; (2) waivers for states and
small refineries; and (3) safe harbor standards to protect manufacturers of renewable
fuels from civil liability. Amends the Energy Policy Act of 1992 to require federal
agency heads to ensure that ethanol-blended gasoline and biodiesel-blended diesel
fuel are purchased for agency vehicles in areas where such fuel is available at
competitive prices. Also, amends the Clean Air Act to eliminate the oxygen content
requirement for reformulated gasoline. Introduced July 1, 2005; referred to
Committees on Energy and Commerce, Agriculture, and Government Reform.
H.R. 3152 (Carnahan)
Provides tax incentives for the production of qualified hybrid vehicles.
Specifically, it would allow tax credits for purchasers and manufacturers of qualified
hybrid motor vehicles. Defines “qualified hybrid motor vehicle” as a motor vehicle
which: (1) operates on an internal combustion or heat engine using consumable fuel
and a rechargeable energy storage system; (2) meets specified emission standards
under the Clean Air Act; (3) is a passenger vehicle or light truck with a gross weight
rating of not more than 8,500 pounds; (4) has a maximum available power (defined
as the maximum power available from the rechargeable energy storage system during
a standard 10-second pulse power or equivalent test, divided by such maximum
power and the SAE net power of the heat engine) of at least four percent; and (5) is
acquired for use or lease by a taxpayer and not for resale. Introduced June 30, 2005;
referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 3164 (Gordon)
Makes geothermal heat pump systems eligible for the 10% business investment
tax credit that applies to solar equipment and geothermal power plants. Introduced
June 30, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 3263 (Wamp)
Energy Efficiency Cornerstone Act of 2005. Aims to reduce the growth of
energy use and limit the impact of growing energy use on the economy, environment,
and national security through reductions in energy demand. Introduced July 13,
2005; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, and
Financial Services.

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H.R. 3273 (Saxton)
Provides tax deduction for flexible fuel (including alcohol fuel) vehicles. The
deduction would be for the cost of any qualified flexible fuel vehicle. Defines
“qualified flexible fuel vehicle” as a motor vehicle that can use each of the following:
(1) gasoline; (2) one or more fuels at least 85% of which is methanol, ethanol, any
other alcohol, and/or ether; and (3) any combination of gasoline and one or more of
such fuels. Terminates such deduction after 2010. Introduced July 13, 2005; referred
to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 3274 (Saxton)
Provides a tax deduction for qualified clean-fuel vehicle refueling property and
amends the Clean Air Act to make ethanol fuels more available to motorists.
Specifically, it: (1) extends through 2013 the tax deduction for qualified clean-fuel
vehicle refueling property; and (2) provides for a phaseout of the tax deduction for
qualified clean-fuel vehicle refueling property placed in service after December 31,
2010. Also, it amends the Clean Air Act to require retail gasoline service centers
with eight or more pumps to operate at least one pump for the retail sale of fuel
containing at least 85% ethanol. Introduced July 29, 2005; referred to Committee on
Energy and Commerce and Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 3338 (Herger)
Extends the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) for 10 years.
Introduced July 19, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
House Bills Introduced after H.R. 6 Conference Report (July
27, 2005).

H.R. 3646 (Pallone)
Gas Price Relief and Oil Conservation Act of 2005. Section 3 directs federal
agencies to propose actions that would reduce U.S. oil demand by 1 million barrels
per day by 2013. Introduced September 2, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy
and Commerce.
H.R. 3762 (Boehlert)
Requires higher standards of automobile fuel efficiency to reduce the amount
of oil used for fuel by automobiles in the United States by 10% beginning in 2016.
Introduced September 14, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 3893 (Barton)
Gasoline for America’s Security Act of 2005. Title III contains some energy
conservation provisions. Section 301 directs DOE to establish a program, which may
include grants to state and local governments, to encourage carpooling and
vanpooling. Section 302 directs EPA to evaluate, assess, and report on carpool and
vanpool projects funded under the congestion mitigation and air quality program.
Section 303 directs DOE to evaluate and report on the capacity of the Internet to
facilitate carpool and vanpool operations established in Section 301. Section 304
directs DOE to work with industry to create an education campaign that informs
drivers about measures to conserve gasoline. Introduced September 26, 2005;
referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure,
Armed Services, and Resources. Referred to the Committee on Energy and
Commerce (H.Rept. 109-244, Part 1) October 6. Passed House (212-210) October
7. In Senate, referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

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H.R. 3928 (Murphy)
Wood Stove Replacement Act of 2005. For individuals, a maximum income tax
credit of $500 is allowed for wood stoves that meet certain air pollution
requirements. Credit availability would expire at the end of 2008. Introduced
September 28, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 3941 (Price)
Finding the Ultimate Energy Lifeline (FUEL) Act of 2005. Directs the President
to create a study group to prepare strategies to reduce oil imports, including the use
of alternative fuels. Introduced September 29, 2005; referred to Committee on
Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 3984 (Granger)
Idling Reduction Tax Credit Act of 2005. For heavy-duty diesel trucks, creates
a tax credit worth up to 50% of the amount incurred for idling reduction devices, with
a maximum value of $3,500 per device. Introduced October 6, 2005; referred to
Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 3986 (Holt)
Fuel Savings, Smarter Travel, and Efficient Roadways Act. A report to
Congress is required on the potential fuel savings from intelligent transportation
systems that help businesses and consumers plan their travel and avoid traffic delays.
Introduced October 6, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 4138 (Lowey)
Weatherization Assistance Act. Creates a program to provide assistance to
States for consultations with respect to weatherization and energy efficiency of
residences and small businesses. Authorizes $200 million per year for FY2007
through FY2011. Introduced October 25, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy
and Commerce.
H.R. 4241 (Nussle)/S. 1932 (Gregg)
Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. In the House bill, Section 1301 would terminate
FY2007 funding for the USDA Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out
renewable energy and energy efficiency projects authorized by Section 9006 of the
Farm Security Act of 2002. Further, Section 1402 would terminate FY2007 funding
of Section 6401 (Value-Added Producer program) of the Farm Security Act of
FY2007, regarding grants to renewable energy and energy efficiency projects.
Section 3405 (Digital Television Converter Fund) would create an energy efficiency
standard of nine watts for the passive standby mode of a digital-to-analog converter
box. Section 6514 (Federal Energy Natural Resources Enhancement Fund Act of
2005) would create funding for mitigating the environmental impacts of energy
development on federal lands, including the development of geothermal, wind, and
ocean (wave, currents, thermal) energy resources. House bill reported (H.Rept. 109-
276) from the Committee on the Budget, November 7, 2005. Passed House (217-
215) November 18. The Senate bill has no comparable provisions. Senate bill
reported (without written report) from the Committee on the Budget, October 26,
2005. Passed Senate (52-47) November 3.
H.R. 4263 (Markey)
Windfall Profits and Consumer Assistance Act of 2005. Section 2 would create
a “windfall profits” excise tax of 50% of net profit from the production of crude oil.

CRS-24
Section 2(d) would allow “qualified investments” in alcohol fuels, including
biodiesel and agri-biodiesel, to be used to reduce the tax. Introduced November 9,
2005; referred to Committees on Ways and Means, Energy and Commerce, and
Education and the Workforce.
H.R. 4300 (Ferguson)
Clean and Green Solar Tax Act of 2005. Section 1335 of the Energy Policy Act
of 2005 (P.L. 109-58) created residential energy tax credits for solar water heaters,
photovoltaics, and fuel cells. This bill extends those credits from the end of 2007 to
the end of 2011. Introduced November 10, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways
and Means.
H.R. 4342 (Andrews)
Section 1(b) of the bill would broaden Section 9006 (Renewable Energy
Systems and Energy Efficiency Improvements Program) of the Farm Security Act
of 2002 to apply to urban areas. Specifically, USDA would be empowered to provide
a loan guarantee or grant to a private business enterprise in an urban area if the
enterprise demonstrates that a rural business would benefit from the use of that loan
guarantee or grant. Introduced November 16, 2005; referred to Committees on
Agriculture.
H.R. 4350 (Holt)
School Building Enhancement Act. The Department of Energy (DOE) would
be required to provide grants to state and local educational agencies for DOE’s
EnergySmart Schools program and EPA’s Energy Star programs. Introduced
November 16, 2005; referred to Committee on Education and the Workforce.
H.R. 4370 (Inslee)
The bill would provide incentives to the automobile industry to accelerate
efforts to develop more energy-efficient vehicles to lessen dependence on imported
oil. Introduced November 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means and
Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 4375 (McNulty)/S. 2070 (Schumer)
The bill would provide certain relicensing requirements for hydroelectric
projects on the Mohawk River in the State of New York. House bill introduced
November 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce. Senate Bill
introduced November 18, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources.
H.R. 4377 (Otter)
The bill would extend the time required for construction of a hydroelectric
project. Introduced November 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and
Commerce.
H.R. 4384 (Shays)
Energy for Our Future Act. Section 102 would create an income tax credit for
manufacturers of energy-efficient vehicles. Section 103 would create grants for
transit-oriented development corridors. Section 104 would set the fuel economy
standard for passenger cars at 28 miles per gallon (mpg) for 2007 and raise it to 40
mpg by 2016. Section 105 would limit depreciation for sports utility vehicles.
Section 106 would set fuel efficiency standards for car tires. Section 203 would

CRS-25
extend the renewable energy production tax credit for four years (2008 through
2011). Section 204 would require retail electricity suppliers to reduce peak demand
through improved energy efficiency by 0.25% in 2006, increasing to 3.75% by 2010.
Section 205 would create a federal renewable energy portfolio standard of 1% in
2007, increasing to 20% by 2030. Section 206 would create a federal requirement
for net metering. Section 406 repeals federal preemption of state laws that set fuel
economy standards. Introduced November 17, 2005; referred to Committees on
Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Resources, and Transportation and
Infrastructure.
H.R. 4409 (Kingston)/S. 2025 (Bayh)
Fuel Choices for American Security Act of 2005. Title I would create a national
oil savings target and action plan, including possible options for measures by federal
agencies and a nationwide public education effort. Title II would establish several
measures to improve the fuel efficiency of vehicles, including reduced idling,
materials and technology, and investment tax incentives. Title III would require
several measures to promote the use of ethanol, cellulosic biomass fuel, and other
biofuels. House bill introduced November 18, 2005; referred to Committees on
Energy and Commerce, Science, Ways and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure,
and Government Reform. Senate bill introduced November 16, 2005; referred to
Committee on Finance.
H.R. 4420 (Sanders)
The bill would repeal tax subsidies enacted by the Energy Policy Act of 2005
for oil and gas, repeal certain other oil and gas subsidies in the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, and use the proceeds to carry out the Low-Income Home Energy
Assistance Act of 1981 and to provide weatherization assistance. Introduced
November 18, 2005; referred to Committees on Ways and Means, Energy and
Commerce, Education and the Workforce, and Budget.
H.R. 4435 (Gordon)
The bill would establish an Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy
(ARPA-E) at DOE. The goal of ARPA-E would be to reduce U.S. energy imports
by 20% during the next 10 years by accelerating innovation and commercial
development of traditional energy, alternative energy, and energy efficiency systems.
The program would establish competitive grants and employ means for recouping the
federal share of each project. A total of $3.4 billion would be authorized from
FY2007 through FY2010. Introduced December 6, 2005; referred to Committee on
Science.
H.R. 4449 (Pallone)
Consumer Energy Assistance and Fairness Act of 2005. Section 3 would
establish a $1,000 tax credit for a “qualified fuel-efficient vehicle,” which includes
cars and trucks (under 7,500 pounds) that have a fuel economy rating of at least 30
miles per hour (mph). The credit could be carried forward for one year. The
provision would be in effect from the time of enactment through the end of calendar
year 2008. Introduced December 6, 2005; referred to Committees on Ways and
Means, Energy and Commerce, and Education and the Workforce.
H.R. 4458 (Emanuel)
American Hybrid Tax Credit Act of 2005. Section 2 would increase by $3,000,
to a maximum of $6,000, the tax credit for alternative motor vehicles (qualified fuel

CRS-26
cell vehicles, advanced lean-burn technology motor vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and
alternative fuel motor vehicles) which are assembled in the United States. The credit
would be in effect through the end of calendar year 2009, except that it would be in
effect through the end of 2010 for lean-burn vehicles. Section 3 would double (from
20% to 40%) the tax credit available to small businesses (gross receipts under $5
million per year) for increasing U.S.-based research on alternative motor vehicle
technology. This credit would be refundable for certain small businesses. Introduced
December 7, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 4609 (A. Smith)
High Performance Buildings Act of 2005. Section 2 would encourage HUD to
employ energy efficiency in affordable housing. Section 3 would establish a
matching grant program at HUD to support energy efficiency training, education, and
implementation for nonprofit community development organizations. Section 4
would create a Sustainable Building Institute at the National Science Foundation that
would support research on energy efficiency, renewable energy, and other measures
for buildings. Introduced December 16, 2005; referred to Committees on Financial
Services and Science.
H.R. 4623 (M. Kennedy)
Clean Alternatives for Energy Independence Act of 2005. Section 3 would
increase the tax credit for investment in residential and business fuel cells (P.L. 109-
58, §1335 and §1336) from $500 to $1,000, and its period of eligibility would be
extended for five years, through the end of 2012. Section 4 would double the tax
credit (alternative motor vehicle tax credit.) for investment in fuel cell motor vehicles
and would extend the period of credit availability for five years, through the end of
2019. Also, the tax credit for advanced lean-burn technology motor vehicles would
be doubled. Further, it would double the number of hybrid and advanced lean-burn
technology vehicles eligible for the alternative motor vehicle tax credit. The period
of eligibility for the alternative fuel vehicle refueling property credit would be
extended for hydrogen-related property for five years, through the end of 2019, and
for two years, through 2011, for other fuel-related property. Introduced December
17, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 4640 (Gerlach)
Future Fuels Act. Section 101 would establish an investment tax credit for the
manufacture of advanced technology (hybrid and lean-burn) motor vehicles capped
at 33% of the company’s investment for a taxable year. The total amount of credits
would be limited to $200 million per year. The period of eligibility for the credits
would sunset at the end of 2015. Section 201 would modify the fuel economy credits
for dual fuel vehicles, starting in 2007. Section 202 would require manufacturers to
produce a minimum share of alternative fuel or flexible fuel vehicles, starting with
10% in 2009 and rising to 50% in 2012. Section 301 would require DOT to report
to Congress every two years on the findings from studies of potential oil savings for
highway congestion tolls and cash-out parking. Section 302 would direct DOT to
create a program of incentives to insurance companies to sell automobile insurance
policies that are based on driving mileage (per-mile basis). Section 303 would
require DOT to establish Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) corridors in urban
areas. Funding of $500 million per year would be authorized for grants to state and
local governments to support transit, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities. Section 304
would direct DOT to establish fuel economy standards for tires used by passenger
cars and light trucks. Introduced December 18, 2005; referred to Committees on

CRS-27
Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, and Transportation and Infrastructure.
Passed House December 19.
Senate Bills (with House Companions)
S.Res. 228 (Cantwell)
A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate that it should be a goal of the
United States to reduce the amount of oil projected to be imported in 2025 by 40%
and that the President should take measures to reduce the dependence of the United
States on foreign oil. Introduced July 29, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources.

S.Res. 312 (Lugar)
A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate that the United States should act
to reduce risks posed by global climate change and to foster economic growth by (1)
participating in negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change and leading efforts in other international fora with the objective of
securing U.S. participation in agreements that advance and protect U.S. interests, that
establish mitigation commitments by all countries that are major emitters of
greenhouse gases, that establish flexible international mechanisms to minimize the
cost of efforts by participating countries, and that achieve a significant long-term
reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions; and (2) establishing a bipartisan Senate
observer group to monitor international negotiations on climate change and to ensure
that the advice and consent function of the Senate is exercised to facilitate timely
consideration of any applicable treaty. Introduced November 15, 2005; referred to
Committee on Foreign Relations.
S. 10 (Domenici)
Energy Policy Act of 2005. Section 102 sets a goal for 20% energy reduction
in federal facilities by 2015. Section 104 requires federal agency purchases of EPA
Energy Star and FEMP-designated products. Section 105 extends ESPCs through
2016. Section 123 authorizes funding to states for rebates to support the cost
premium for residential purchases of Energy Star products. Sections 135 and 136
establish energy efficiency standards for a variety of consumer products and
commercial equipment. Title I also sets out several energy efficiency provisions for
public housing. Title VII has provisions for hybrid, fuel cell, and electric vehicles;
and revises and extends some aspects of fuel economy standards. Title IX
reauthorizes DOE energy efficiency R&D programs. Section 1253 would, under
certain conditions, terminate PURPA cogeneration requirements. For renewables,
reauthorizes REPI and sets renewable fuels purchasing requirement for federal
agencies. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources reported (S.Rept. 109-121)
June 9, 2005. Incorporated into the Senate version of H.R. 6.
S. 35 (Conrad)
Extends the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) for facilities until
January 1, 2011. Introduced January 24, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 129 (Talent)/H.R. 325 (Graves)
Hybrid HOV Access Act. Allows energy-efficient and low-emission vehicles
to use HOV facilities. Senate bill introduced January 24, 2005; referred to
Committee on Environment and Public Works. House bill introduced January 25,
2005; referred to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.

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S. 131 (Inhofe)
Clear Skies Act of 2005. Amends the Clean Air Act to reduce air pollution
through expansion of cap and trade programs. Section 413 preserves an energy
conservation and renewable energy reserve of 300,000 sulfur dioxide emission
reduction allowances, which could be used to help meet air pollution reduction
requirements. Introduced January 24, 2005; referred to Committee on Environment
and Public Works. Committee held markup March 9, 2005, but the bill failed to pass
Committee on a tie (9-9) vote.
S. 150 (Jeffords)
Clean Power Act of 2005. Requires the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) to (1) set regulations to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides,
carbon dioxide, and mercury from certain electric generation facilities by January 1,
2010; and (2) establish an emission allowance tracking and transfer system for these
emissions. Section 707 directs that up to 20% of allowances for reductions of sulfur
dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide can be obtained from energy efficiency
and renewable energy sources. Introduced January 25, 2005; referred to Committee
on Environment and Public Works.
S. 244 (Thomas)
Authorizes the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to extend, at the
request of the project licensee, the deadline for commencement of construction of
hydroelectric project number 1651 in the State of Wyoming for three consecutive
two-year periods from the expiration of the extension originally issued by the
Commission. Introduced February 1, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources. Reported (S.Rept. 109-32) March 10.
S. 269 (Kerry)
Small Business and Farm Energy Emergency Relief Act of 2005. Section 3
makes loans available to small business to convert from heating fuel to alternative
energy sources that may include biowaste, geothermal energy, solar energy, wind
energy, and fuel cells. Introduced February 2, 2005; referred to Committee on Small
Business and Entrepreneurship.
S. 326 (Smith)/H.R. 622 (Bono)
Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI) Reform Act. Amends the
Energy Policy Act of 1992 to modify renewable energy production incentive payment
guidelines to provide that if there are insufficient appropriations to make full
payments for electric production from all qualified renewable energy facilities in any
given year, the Secretary of Energy shall assign 60% of appropriated funds for that
year to facilities that use solar, wind, geothermal, or closed-loop (dedicated energy
crops) biomass technologies to generate electricity, and assign the remaining 40% to
other projects. Redefines a qualified renewable energy facility as one (1) owned by
certain tax-exempt electricity-generating cooperatives, certain public utilities, a State,
territorial, or local governments or an Indian tribal government; and (2) which may
involve electricity generation by landfill gas. Extends through FY2015 the deadline
for first use of a facility eligible for incentive payments. Senate bill introduced
February 9, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. House
bill introduced February 8, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.

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S. 373 (Harkin)
Renewable Hydrogen Passenger Vehicle Act of 2005. Amends the Farm
Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 to direct the Secretary of Energy, in
coordination with the Secretary of Agriculture, to conduct a three-year program to
develop and demonstrate the cost-effective operation of a fleet of at least 10 direct
hydrogen passenger vehicles based on existing commercial technology under which
the hydrogen is derived from ethanol or other domestic low-cost transportable
renewable feedstocks. Introduced February 14, 2005; referred to Committee on
Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 386 (Hagel)
Climate Change Technology Deployment in Developing Countries Act of 2005.
Section 2 includes cogeneration and renewable energy as eligible technologies for
demonstration projects that could help developing countries reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. Introduced February 15, 2005; referred to Committee on Foreign
Relations.
S. 387 (Hagel)
Climate Change Technology Tax Incentives Act of 2005. Section 201 expresses
the sense of the Senate that (1) the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC)
should be extended through 2010; and (2) the research investment tax credit should
be increased and made permanent. Senate bill introduced February 15, 2005; referred
to Committee on Finance.
S. 388 (Hagel)
Climate Change Technology Deployment and Infrastructure Credit Act of 2005.
Credit-based financial incentives would be available to support demonstration
projects for cogeneration, renewable energy, and other “climate technologies.”
Introduced March 15, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 426 (Jeffords)
Electric Reliability Security Act of 2005. Contains several provisions to support
energy efficiency and renewable energy, including a system benefit fund (Section
201) to fund state energy efficiency and renewable energy programs, an energy
efficiency performance standard (Section 202) to reduce electricity demand by 10%
over 10 years, appliance efficiency standards (Section 203) for central air
conditioners and heat pumps, and loan guarantees (Section 204) for fuel cells,
combined heat and power (CHP), energy efficiency, and several types of renewables.
Also, Title III has a provision for net metering. Introduced February 17, 2005;
referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 427 (Jeffords)
Renewable Energy Investment Act of 2005. Creates a federal renewable
portfolio standard by amending the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 to
require retail electric suppliers to submit to the Secretary of Energy renewable energy
credits in an amount equal to the required annual percentage of the retail electric
supplier’s total amount of kilowatt-hours of non-hydropower electricity sold to retail
consumers during the previous calendar year (excluding incremental hydropower).
States that a renewable energy credit that is not used to satisfy the minimum
requirement for that year may be carried over for use within the next two years.
Specifies a schedule of the minimum percentage of renewable energy sources that
must be used to generate the total amount of non-hydropower electricity sold by each

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retail electric supplier during a calendar year (excluding incremental hydropower).
Directs the Secretary to (1) establish a program to issue, monitor the sale or exchange
of, and track renewable energy credits; and (2) make funds available under this act
to State energy agencies for grant programs for renewable energy research and
development, and for loan guarantees to encourage construction of renewable energy
facilities. Introduced February 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources.
S. 436 (Akaka)
Directs the Secretary of Energy to assess the economic implications of the
dependence of the State of Hawaii on oil as its principal source of energy, including
the technical and economic feasibility of increasing the contribution of renewable
energy resources for generation of electricity, on an island-by-island basis; and the
technical and economic feasibility of using renewable energy sources (including
hydrogen) for ground, marine, and air transportation energy applications to displace
the use of refined petroleum products. Introduced February 17, 2005; referred to
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 502 (Coleman)
Rural Renaissance Act. Allows funds developed for a “Rural Renaissance Trust
Account” to be used for renewable energy projects on farms. Introduced March 3,
2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 542 (Dorgan)
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to (1) extend through 2010 the renewable
energy electricity production tax credit (PTC) for certain renewable resources (e.g.,
wind, biomass, poultry waste); (2) allow certain organizations, including tax-exempt
organizations, state and local governments, and Indian tribal governments, to sell
unused amounts of such tax credit. Introduced March 7, 2005; referred to Committee
on Finance.
S. 587 (Dayton)
Requires that automobiles and light trucks manufactured after model year 2006
be able to operate on a fuel mixture that is at least 85% ethanol. Introduced March
10; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
S. 606 (Thune)
Reliable Fuels Act. Sets a goal to increase ethanol (including ethanol derived
from cellulosic biomass) use from 3.8 billion gallons in 2006 to 6.0 billion gallons
in 2012. Introduced March 11, 2005; referred to Committee on Environment and
Public Works. Ordered to be reported, March 16, 2005.
S. 610 (Talent)/H.R. 36 (S. King)
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to revise the tax credit for biodiesel used as
fuel to include a credit for the production of agri-biodiesel fuel equal to 10 cents for
each gallon produced. Limits (1) the amount of qualified agri-biodiesel production
of a producer to 15 million gallons for any taxable year; and (2) eligible producers
to those with an annual productive capacity not exceeding 60 million gallons.
Revises the small ethanol producer tax credit to (1) expand the eligibility of small
ethanol producers for the credit; (2) exclude the credit from the definition of passive
activity credit; and (3) exclude credit amounts from inclusion in gross income.

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Senate bill introduced March 11, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance. House
bill introduced January 4, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
S. 650 (Lugar)/H.R. 1608 (Herseth)
Fuels Security Act of 2005. Section 101 increases the renewable fuel standard
(RFS) to 8 billion gallons by 2012. Section 102 directs federal agencies purchases
of gasoline to include 10% ethanol-blended gasoline within five years. It also directs
agencies’ purchases of diesel fuel to include 2% biodiesel in five years and 20%
biodiesel in 10 years. Senate bill introduced March 17, 2005; referred to the
Committee on Environment and Public Works. House bill introduced April 13,
2005; referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce.
S. 665 (Dorgan)
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Act of 2005. Authorizes $2.3 billion over
10 years for hydrogen supply R&D programs and $1.7 billion over 10 years for fuel
cell technology R&D programs. Further, over 10 years, it also authorizes $2.7 billion
for vehicle demonstration programs, $900 million for market transition programs,
$225 million for federal procurement programs, and $55 million for regulatory
programs. Introduced March 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources.
S. 671 (Lieberman)/H.R. 1397 (N. Johnson)
Establishes an investment tax credit for fuel cell equipment purchased for
business and residential uses. The fuel cell must have a minimum capacity of 0.5
kilowatt (kw). The upper limit of the credit is $500 for each 0.5 kw, with a
maximum of 30% of the total fuel cell cost. Senate bill introduced March 17, 2005;
referred to Committee on Finance. House bill introduced March 17, 2005; referred
to Committee on Ways and Means.
S. 680 (Snowe)/H.R. 1834
Efficient Energy Through Certified Technologies and Electricity Reliability
(EFFECTER) Act of 2005. Section 101 creates an income tax deduction ($2.25 per
square foot maximum) for energy efficiency measures that reduce commercial
building energy use by 50% below the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration,
and Air Conditioning Equipment Association’s (ASHRAE’s) 90.1 industry energy
efficiency standard. Section 102 establishes an investment tax credit for energy
efficiency measures in new home construction that reduce energy use by 30%
($1,000 maximum) or by 50% ($2,000 maximum). Section 103 sets a tax deduction
for business use of solar hot water, photovoltaics, heat pumps (gas, electric, ground
source), furnaces, and boilers. It also creates a tax deduction ($6,000 maximum) for
such equipment used in residential rental properties that reduces energy use by 50%
(pro-rated for smaller energy reductions). Section 104 creates a nonbusiness tax
credit ($2,000 maximum) for equipment that reduces energy use by 50%. Section 105
establishes an investment tax credit available over four years to combined heat and
power (CHP or cogeneration) systems smaller than 15 megawatts (MW) that satisfy
certain efficiency standards. Section 201 sets energy efficiency test procedures and
standards for a variety of equipment and products. For battery chargers and external
power supplies, the Secretary of Energy has three years to determine whether
standards are needed. Further, standards (or requirements) are set for vending
machines, commercial refrigerators and freezers, illuminated exit signs, torchieres,
distribution transformers, traffic signal modules, unit heaters, compact fluorescent
light bulbs, ceiling fans, dehumidifiers, spray valves, and furnace fans. Section 202

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directs the Secretary of Energy to issue a rulemaking that assesses effectiveness of
labeling requirements and a rulemaking to set labeling requirements for additional
consumer products (including distribution transformers). Section 203 sets test
procedures and standards for commercial package air conditioners and heating
equipment. Section 204 creates standards for commercial refrigerators and freezers.
Section 301 directs federal agencies to procure energy equipment designated by EPA
Energy Star and DOE Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), where it is
cost-effective. Section 302 permanently extends the authority for federal agencies
to enter energy saving performance contracts (ESPCs). Section 303 sets federal
building energy performance standards by updating the baseline from the 1992
Council of American Building Officials (CABO) to the 2003 International Energy
Conservation Code (IECC). Further, it directs the Secretary of Energy to require new
federal buildings to achieve a 30% energy reduction, provided it is cost-effective on
a life-cycle basis. Section 401 modifies the Public Housing Capital Fund to include
certain energy and water use efficiency improvements. Section 402 directs the
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to provide grants for certain
energy and water efficiency improvements to multifamily housing projects. Section
403 directs public housing agencies to purchase cost-effective Energy Star or FEMP-
designated appliances and products. Section 404 changes the energy efficiency
standards and codes for public housing from CABO to the 2003 International Energy
Conservation Code, where HUD finds it cost-effective. Senate bill introduced March
17, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance. House bill introduced April 26, 2005;
referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, and Financial
Services.
S. 715 (Harkin)
Wind Power Tax Incentives Act of 2005. Amends the Internal Revenue Code
to permit (1) individual taxpayers with adjusted gross incomes (taxable incomes in
the case of corporate taxpayers) of $1 million or less to offset passive activity losses
and credits from energy-producing wind facilities against regular income; and (2)
tax-exempt cooperative organizations (including farmers’ cooperatives) to apportion
pro rata among their shareholders tax credits received for investment in
energy-producing wind facilities. Introduced April 6, 2005; referred to Committee
on Finance.
S. 726 (Alexander)
Natural Gas Price Reduction Act of 2005. Section 101 authorizes funding for
an energy conservation public education initiative. Section 102 sets efficiency
standards, test procedures, and labeling requirements for several types of residential
and commercial equipment. Section 103 authorizes funding for distributed
generation, solar energy, and biomass technologies. Section 104 authorizes funding
to accelerate hydrogen and fuel cell development. Section 105 would, under certain
conditions, repeal PURPA Section 210 requirements for cogeneration and small
power facilities. Section 106 calls for a study of cogeneration and small power.
Section 108 directs states to consider requiring net metering services for electric
utility customers. Section 109 directs states to consider providing time-based
schedules and meters for customers. Section 113 provides financial incentives to
industry to encourage use of gasification equipment that uses biomass and other
fuels. Introduced April 6, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources.

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S. 727 (Alexander)
Tax Incentives for the Natural Gas Price Reduction Act of 2005. Section 2
makes a 10% investment tax credit available over four years to combined heat and
power (CHP or cogeneration) systems smaller than 50 megawatts (MW) that satisfy
certain efficiency standards. Section 3 increases the investment tax credit for solar
energy equipment from 10% to 30% for five years. Also, it extends the renewable
energy production tax credit (PTC) for solar and geothermal energy for five years,
and establishes a 30% tax credit ($7,500 maximum) for residential solar heating
equipment. Section 4 has investment tax credits for residential solar (electric and
water heating, 15%), wind (15%), and fuel cell (20%) equipment. It also creates a
20% investment tax credit ($2,000 maximum) to homeowners for retrofits to existing
residential housing with energy efficient envelope components (insulation, windows,
roofs, heating equipment); and an equipment tax credit (maximum $2,000) to home
builders for envelope components that reduce home energy use by 30%. Section 4
also provides a tax credit to manufacturers ($60 million maximum) for energy-
efficient clothes washers ($100 each) and refrigerators ($150 each). Further, Section
4 creates a tax deduction ($1.50 per square foot maximum) for energy efficient
equipment in commercial buildings that reduces energy use by 50%. Introduced
April 6, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 732 (Inhofe)/H.R. 3 (Young)
Transportation Equity Act. Section 1208 on High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV)
Lanes includes provisions for alternative-fueled vehicles and energy-efficient
vehicles. Section 3009 on Clean Fuels Formula Grant Program includes provisions
for biodiesel, alcohol fuels, and fuel cells. Section 5213 on Metropolitan Planning
directs that goals include energy conservation. Other provisions in the bill address
traffic congestion, intelligent transportation systems, bicycling and pedestrian issues,
and advanced vehicle technologies. House bill introduced February 9, 2005; referred
to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Reported (H.Rept. 109-12, Parts
I and II) March 8. Passed House, amended, March 10. Senate bill reported (S.Rept.
109-53) April 6. In lieu of S. 732, Senate passed its version of H.R. 3, amended,
May 17. House and Senate conferees appointed May 26.
S. 745 (Byrd)
International Clean Energy Deployment and Global Energy Markets Investment
Act of 2005. Amends the Global Environmental Protection Assistance Act of 1989
to promote clean energy technology deployment in developing countries. Directs the
President to establish a Task Force on International Clean Energy Cooperation.
Requires the Task Force to establish an Interagency Working Group on Clean Energy
Technology Exports. Establishes an Interagency Center in the Office of International
Energy Market Development of the Department of Energy to assist the Working
Group. Requires the Task Force to develop and submit to the President (who shall
submit to Congress) a Strategy to (1) support programs and policies in developing
countries that promote clean energy and energy efficiency technologies; (2) open and
expand clean energy technology markets and facilitate related exports to developing
countries; (3) integrate the promotion of clean energy technology deployment and
greenhouse gas emissions reduction in developing countries into U.S. foreign policy
objectives; (4) establish a pilot program that provides financial assistance for
qualifying projects; and (5) develop financial mechanisms and instruments that are
cost-effective and facilitate private capital investment in such technologies.
Authorizes the Secretary of State to provide assistance to developing countries for
activities consistent with the priorities established in the Strategy. Requires the

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Secretary to establish a pilot program that provides financial assistance for qualifying
projects consistent with the Strategy and the performance criteria set forth in this act.
Requires host country contributions. Introduced April 11, 2005; referred to
Committee on Foreign Relations.
S. 808 (Durbin)
Conserve by Bicycling Program. Directs Department of Transportation (DOT)
to establish at least 10 pilot bicycling projects, cost-shared with state and local
governments, to demonstrate energy saving potential and other benefits. Introduced
April 14, 2005; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
S. 836 (Cantwell)/H.R. 1103 (N. Johnson)
Fuel Economy Truth in Labeling Act of 2005. Directs the Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to revise certain Federal vehicle fuel
economy test procedures to take into consideration higher speed limits, faster
acceleration rates, variations in temperature, use of air conditioning, shorter city test
cycle lengths, and the use of other fuel depleting features. Senate bill introduced
April 14, 2005; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
House bill introduced March 3, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and
Commerce. Incorporated into H.R. 6 as floor amendment H.Amdt. 74 (as amended
by H.Amdt. 75).
S. 881 (Cantwell)/H.R. 1797 (McMorris)
Spokane Tribe of Indians of the Spokane Reservation Grand Coulee Dam
Equitable Compensation Settlement Act. Establishes in the Treasury the Spokane
Tribe of Indians Settlement Fund. Requires the payment of compensation to the
Spokane Business Council for the use of tribal lands for the generation of
hydropower from the Grand Coulee Dam. Requires the use of such funds, in part,
for a Cultural Resource Repository and Interpretive Center concerning the culture and
history of the Spokane Tribe. Directs the Administrator of the Bonneville Power
Administration to make specified settlement payments to the Spokane Tribe. Allows
payments made to the Spokane Business Council or Spokane Tribe to be used or
invested by the Business Council in the same manner and for the same purposes as
other Spokane Tribal governmental funds. Directs the Secretary of the Interior to
transfer administrative jurisdiction from the Bureau of Reclamation to the Bureau of
Indian Affairs over certain land located within the exterior boundaries of the Spokane
Indian Reservation and certain other land located on the south bank of the Spokane
River. Provides that payments by the Secretary and the Administrator and restoration
of ownership of land in trust constitute full satisfaction of the claim of the Spokane
Tribe to a fair share of the annual hydropower revenues generated by the Grand
Coulee Dam project for the past and continued use of land of the Spokane Tribe for
the production of hydropower at Grand Coulee Dam. House bill introduced April 21,
2005; referred to Committee on Resources. Ordered reported May 18. Senate bill
introduced April 21, 2005; referred to Committee on Indian Affairs.
S. 883 (Hagel)
Climate Change Technology Deployment in Developing Countries Act of 2005.
Directs the Department of State to lead an interagency effort to study and assist in
reducing greenhouse gas emission intensity in developing countries. Cogeneration,
renewables, and “low emission transportation” technologies are included. There is
a focus on supporting U.S. technology exports and on creating demonstration projects

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in at least 10 countries. Introduced April 21, 2005; referred to Committee on Foreign
Relations.
S. 887 (Hagel)
Climate Change Technology Deployment and Infrastructure Credit Act of 2005.
Directs the Secretary of Energy to carry out activities that promote the adoption of
technologies that reduce greenhouse gas intensity and to provide credit-based
financial assistance and investment protection for projects that employ advanced
climate technologies or systems, and for other purposes. Includes renewable energy
demonstration projects and financial incentives for energy efficiency. Introduced
April 21, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 889 (Feinstein)/H.R. 705 (Gilchrest)
Automobile Fuel Economy Act of 2005. Sets forth certain increased average
fuel economy standards for certain light trucks, automobiles (up to 10,000 pounds
gross vehicle weight), and certain classes of vehicles in the federal fleet that are
manufactured or purchased after specified dates. Senate bill introduced April 21,
2005; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. House bill
introduced February 9, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce and
Committee on Government Reform.
S. 890 (Sarbanes)
Transit in Parks Act. Provides for development of alternative transportation in
certain federally owned or managed areas that are open to the general public.
Introduced April 22, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 918 (Obama)
Provides for Flexible Fuel Vehicle (FFV) refueling capability at new and
existing refueling station facilities to promote energy security and reduction of
greenhouse gas emissions. Introduced April 27, 2005; referred to Committee on
Finance.
S. 962 (Grassley)
Clean Energy Bonds Act of 2005. Establishes a tax credit to holders of qualified
bonds issued to finance renewable energy projects. The bond would be available to
‘non-profit utilities,” including electric cooperatives, public power systems, and
municipal utilities. When a non-profit utility issues a clean energy bond, the federal
government pays a tax credit to the bondholder instead of the issuer paying interest.
The credit would be set at a value so there is zero interest cost to the issuer.
Technologies that are eligible for the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC)
would be eligible for the bond. Introduced April 28, 2005; referred to Committee on
Finance.
S. 971 (Hatch)
Clean Efficient Automobiles Resulting From Advanced Car Technologies
(CLEAR ACT) Act of 2005. Creates a tax credit for investment in alternative motor
vehicles, including qualified fuel cell, hybrid, and alternative fuel vehicles. Bases the
amount of such credit on criteria relating to vehicle weight and fuel efficiency.
Modifies the tax credit for qualified electric vehicles to remove the 10% limitation
and base the credit amount on criteria relating to vehicle weight, mileage, and
payload. Makes leased vehicles eligible for such credit. Extends such credit through
2010. Allows a tax credit for (1) 50% of expenditures for the installation of qualified

CRS-36
clean-fuel vehicle refueling property; and (2) retail sales of alternative fuels as motor
vehicle fuels. Directs the Comptroller General to undertake an ongoing analysis of
the effectiveness of the alternative motor vehicle and fuel incentives provided by this
act and to report to Congress on such study by December 31, 2006, and annually
thereafter. Introduced April 28, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1022 (Smith)
Resource Efficient Appliance Incentives Act of 2005. Establishes a business tax
credit for the production of certain water and energy efficient appliances (e.g.,
dishwashers, clothes washers, and refrigerators). Bases the amount of such credit on
specified energy and water efficiency ratings. Introduced May 12, 2005; referred to
Committee on Finance.
S. 1034 (Alexander)
Environmentally Responsible Windpower Act of 2005. Provides for local
control over the siting of wind machines, including prohibiting federal subsidies for
machines located within 20 miles of national monuments. Introduced May 13, 2005;
referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 1042 (Warner)/H.R. 1815 (Hunter)
National Defense Authorization Act for FY2006. Section 2402 authorizes
funding for energy conservation projects. House bill introduced April 26, 2005;
referred to Committee on Armed Services. Includes $50 million authorization.
Reported (H.Rept. 109-89) May 20. Passed House May 25. Senate bill introduced
May 12, 2005; referred to Committee on Armed Services. Includes $60 million
authorization. Reported (S.Rept. 109-69) May 17.
S. 1076 (Lincoln)/H.R. 2498 (Hulshof)
Extends through December 31, 2010, the tax credit for biodiesel used as fuel
and the excise credits for biodiesel mixtures and biodiesel used to produce biodiesel
mixtures. House bill introduced May 19, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and
Means. Senate bill introduced May 19, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1077 (Lincoln)
Establishes renewable liquid fuels tax credits. Section 1 establishes a 1.00 per
gallon five-year excise tax credit, through December 31, 2010. Section 2 establishes
a $1.00 per gallon income tax credit for five years, through December 31, 2010.
Introduced May 19, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1078 (Lincoln)
Landfill Gas-to-Energy Tax Credit Act. Section 2 extends the renewable energy
production tax credit (PTC) for trash combustion facilities for three years, through
December 31, 2008. Also, Section 3 changes the application of the tax credit for
nonconventional (“Section 29”) fuels. Introduced May 19, 2005; referred to
Committee on Finance.
S. 1079 (Lincoln)
Waste-to-Energy Tax Credit Act. Extends the renewable energy production tax
credit (PTC) for trash combustion facilities for three years, through December 31,
2008. Also, it changes the eligibility period from 10 years to seven. Introduced May
19, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

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S. 1093 (Salazar)
Research and Development Investment Act. Section 2 authorizes $20 million
per year through 2025 for the Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI).
Section 3 extends the PTC for five years, through December 31, 2011. Section 4
provides a 10% investment tax credit for residential solar and geothermal equipment.
Section 5 delays the phase-out of the tax incentives for qualified electric vehicles for
one year. Reauthorizes and revises the Renewable Energy Production Incentive
(REPI) program. Introduced May 20, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1151 (McCain)
Climate Stewardship and Innovation Act of 2005. Creates a market-driven
system of greenhouse gas tradeable allowances to support deployment of new climate
change-related technologies. Includes provisions for energy efficiency audits
(Section 545), deployment of biofuels and solar technologies (Section 471), and
reverse auctions for renewable electricity and energy efficiency (Section 491).
Introduced May 26, 2005; referred to Committee on Environment and Public Works.
S. 1156 (Hatch)
Section 1(a) sets a five-year eligibility period for certain open-loop biomass
facilities covered by the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC). Also, Section
1(b) extends the PTC for two years, through December 31, 2007. Introduced May
26, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1203 (Hagel)
Climate Change Technology Tax Incentives Act of 2005. Provides tax
incentives for the investment in greenhouse gas intensity reduction projects.
Introduced June 8, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1208 (Alexander)
Environmentally Responsible Windpower Act of 2005. Provides for local
control over the siting of wind machines, including prohibiting federal subsidies for
machines located within 20 miles of national monuments. Introduced June 9, 2005;
referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 1210 (Harkin)
National Security and Bioenergy Investment Act of 2005. Provides for
research, development, demonstration, administrative support, and market
mechanisms for widespread deployment and commercialization of biobased fuels and
biobased products. Introduced June 9, 2005; referred to Committee on Agriculture,
Nutrition, and Forestry.
S. 1229 (Reid)
Renewable Energy Incentives Act. Section 2 extends the renewable energy
production tax credit (PTC) indefinitely. Further, full credit is given to all qualified
facilities. Also, the list of qualified facilities is expanded to include incremental
geothermal and hydropower production. Any qualified facility that adds a co-
production facility (which produces other, non-electric, forms of useful energy) is
made eligible for an additional credit of 0.25 cents/kwh. Introduced June 13, 2005;
referred to Committee on Finance.

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S. 1232 (Lautenberg)
Fuels Security Act of 2005. Amends the Clean Air Act to increase production
and use of renewable fuel and to increase the nation’s energy independence. Section
101 sets a renewable fuels standard (RFS) of 8.25 billion gallons by 2013.
Introduced June 14, 2005; referred to Committee on Environment and Public Works.
S. 1270 (Snowe)/H.R. 1215 (Gingrey)
Green Chemistry Research and Development Act of 2005. Provision for grants
to manufacturers includes measures that would increase energy efficiency. Senate
bill introduced June 20, 2005; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science and
Transportation.
S. 1280 (Snowe)/H.R. 889 (Young)
Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Act of 2005. Section 419 of the
House bill directs the Commandant of the Coast Guard, when prompted by the
Secretary of the Army, to state whether an offshore wind energy facility constitutes
an obstruction to navigation. Senate bill introduced June 21, 2005; Committee on
Commerce, Science and Transportation reported July 28. Passed Senate October 27.
S. 1595 (Cantwell)
Fuels Security Act of 2005. Provides for a three-year recovery period for
depreciation of qualified energy management devices. Introduced July 29, 2005;
referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1609 (Cantwell)
20/20 Biofuels Challenge Act of 2005. Aims to increase the production and use
of biofuels and diversify biofuels feedstocks as key elements to achieving energy
independence for the United States. Introduced July 29, 2005; referred to Committee
on Finance.
Senate Bills Introduced After H.R. 6 Conference Report (July
27, 2005)

S. 1765 (Landrieu)/H.R. 3958(Melancon)
Louisiana Katrina Reconstruction Act. Subtitle I (Department of Energy)
provides $11 million in supplemental funds for the DOE Weatherization program to
be used in the State of Louisiana until expended. Senate bill introduced September
22, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance. House bill introduced September 29,
2005; referred to Committees on Ways and Means, Appropriations, Agriculture,
Transportation and Infrastructure, the Budget, Financial Services, Energy and
Commerce, the Judiciary, Armed Services, Education and the Workforce, Resources,
and Small Business.
S. 1766 (Vitter)
Louisiana Katrina Reconstruction Act. Identical provision to S. 1765 in Subtitle
I (Department of Energy); provides $11 million in supplemental funds for the DOE
Weatherization program to be used in the State of Louisiana until expended.
Introduced September 22, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1850 (Salazar)
Rapid Efficiency Credit Act of 2005. Section 2 amends the Energy Policy Act
of 2005 to make the income tax credits in Sections 1333(c), 1335(c), 1336(e),

CRS-39
1337(d), 1341(c), and 1342(c) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 available after the
enactment of this act (instead of after December 31, 2005). Section 3 creates a tax
credit for Energy Star-compliant compact fluorescent light bulbs used in a residence.
Introduced October 6, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1851 (Salazar)
Directs the Department of Transportation to issue a rule setting policies and
procedures for testing and labeling tires for fuel economy that secure the “maximum
technically feasible and cost-effective fuel savings.” Introduced October 6, 2005;
referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
S. 1852 (Salazar)
Reducing the Incentives to Guzzle Gas Act. The IRS tax code would be
amended to (1) include certain heavy vehicles (with a gross vehicle weight between
6,000 and 14,000 pounds) as passenger vehicles, to which the limitations on the
depreciation allowed for luxury automobiles apply; (2) exempt vehicles used in a
farming business from such depreciation limitations; (3) revise the limitation
amounts for the depreciation of luxury automobiles; and (4) allow the expensing of
up to $30,000 of the cost of vehicles used in a farming business. Introduced October
6, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1853 (Salazar)
Reduce Government Fuel Consumption Act of 2005. Amends the National
Energy Conservation Policy Act to require each federal agency to reduce by at least
10% vehicle fuel consumption by agency employees (other than fuel used for military
purposes). Introduced October 6, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources.
S. 1860 (Domenici)
Energy-Water Efficiency Technology Research, Development, and Transfer
Program Act of 2005. Directs DOE to establish a National Laboratories energy-water
efficiency and supply technology research, development, and transfer program for the
transfer and commercialization of economically viable and cost-effective
energy-water efficiency and supply technologies. Designates the following as
Program Lead Laboratories: (1) Sandia National Laboratory, New Mexico; (2) Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee; and (3) Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, California. Prescribes guidelines for water supply technology
assessment. Further, directs DOE to (1) establish the Energy-Water Efficiency and
Supply Technology Advisory Panel, (2) provide competitive grants to entities with
expertise in the conduct of energy-water efficiency and supply technology projects,
and (3) enter into an arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences to conduct
periodic peer reviews of the program. Introduced October 7, 2005; referred to
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Reported (with Markup Report)
November 16, 2005.
S. 1882 (Schumer)
Creates a national tire fuel efficiency program. Directs the Department of
Commerce (Federal Trade Commission) to establish a program for tires designed for
use on passenger cars and light trucks, including policies and procedures for testing
and labeling tires for fuel economy. Introduced October 18, 2005; referred to
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

CRS-40
S. 1920 (Obama)
Renewable Diesel Standard Act of 2005. Amends Section 211 of the Clean Air
Act to require the EPA Administrator to issue regulations to ensure that the U.S.
diesel fuel supply contains a specified annual volume of renewable fuel, starting with
250 million gallons in 2008 and climbing to 2 billion gallons in 2015. Directs EPA
to set the standard, in consultation with the Secretaries of Agriculture and Energy, for
renewable fuel content for 2016 and thereafter, considering certain economic and
environmental factors. Further, the bill creates a program of tradable credits for
diesel fuel producers (refiners, blenders, importers) who exceed the renewable fuel
standards set by this act. Also, the bill authorizes EPA, upon the petition of one or
more states, to waive renewable fuel content requirements for economic,
environmental, or supply reasons. Introduced October 25, 2005; referred to
Committee on Environment and Public Works.
S. 1950 (Lugar)
United States-India Energy Security Cooperation Act of 2005. Authorizes the
President to establish cooperative energy programs that may include R&D and
deployment assistance for energy efficiency, renewable energy (ethanol, biomass,
hydrogen), and other energy sources. A report to Congress is required. Introduced
November 1, 2005; referred to Committee on Foreign Relations.
S. 1981 (Durbin)
Windfall Profits Tax Act of 2005. The bill includes a tax credit to vehicle
manufacturers for investment in energy-efficient motor vehicles and for related
research and development costs. Bases the amount of such credit on the achievement
of specified levels of fuel economy. To qualify for the credit, the required fuel
economy improvement would start at 5% in 2008 and increase to 50% by 2015. The
credit would terminate after 2015. Introduced November 9, 2005; referred to
Committee on Finance.
S. 1994 (Harkin)
Fuel Security and Consumer Choice Act. Requires that an increasing percentage
(10% in the first year, increasing to 100% in the 10th year) of new automobiles be
dual-fueled automobiles; revises the method for calculating corporate average fuel
economy for such vehicles. Introduced November 10, 2005; referred to Committee
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
S. 2020 (Grassley)/H.R. 4297(Thomas)
Tax Relief Act of 2005/Tax Relief Extension Reconciliation Act of 2005. In the
Senate bill, Section 214 extends the research credit. Committee on Finance reported
(without written report) November 15, 2005. Passed Senate, amended, November
18. In the House bill, Section 113 extends the energy research credit for one year.
Committee on Ways and Means reported (H.Rept. 109-304) November 17.
S. 2025 (Bayh)/H.R. 4409 (Kingston)
Vehicle and Fuel Choices for American Security Act. Promotes national
security and stability of the United States economy by reducing the dependence of
the United States on oil through the use of alternative fuels and new technology.
Title I establishes a national oil savings target and action plan; Title II sets policies
for improving the fuel efficiency of vehicles; and Title III sets policies for renewable
energy and alternative fuels. Senate bill introduced November 16, 2005; referred to
Committee on Finance. House bill introduced November 18, 2005; referred to

CRS-41
Committees on Energy and Commerce, Science, Ways and Means, Transportation
and Infrastructure, and Government Reform.
S. 2045 (Obama)
Health Care for Hybrids Act. Provides incentives to the auto industry to
accelerate efforts to develop more energy-efficient vehicles to lessen dependence on
oil. Specifically, it provides financial assistance to eligible domestic automobile
manufacturers for the costs incurred in providing health benefits to their retired
employees, conditioned on a requirement that at least 50% of the resultant health-care
cost savings derived are invested in petroleum fuel-reduction technologies, including
alternative or flexible fuel vehicles, hybrids, and other state-of-the-art fuel saving
technologies. Introduced November 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 2057 (Clinton)
Investing for Tomorrow’s Schools Act of 2005. Section 3 establishes a program
to help fund capital improvements to schools and educational facilities. Renovation
project applications are required to include proposed improvements to energy
conservation. Introduced November 18, 2005; referred to Committee on Health,
Education, Labor, and Pensions.
S. 2070 (Schumer)/H.R. 4375 (McNulty)
Provides certain relicensing requirements for hydroelectric projects on the
Mohawk River in the State of New York. Senate bill introduced November 18,
2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. House bill
introduced November 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
S. 2105 (Coleman)
Home Energy Savings Incentives Act of 2005. For residential energy efficiency
property, this bill would establish an investment tax credit of $10 per therm for
natural gas savings and 6.5 cents/kwh for electricity savings, with a total lifetime
savings cap of $5,000. The credit would be available through the end of 2007.
Introduced December 15, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

CRS-42
Congressional Hearings, Reports, and Documents
109th Congress: First Session
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Energy Policy Act
of 2005: Report of the Committee on Energy and Commerce on H.R. 1640.
(Rept. 109-215, Part 1). July 29, 2005.
[not available on Committee website]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Energy Research, Development,
Demonstration, and Commercial Application Act of 2005: Report of the
Committee on Science on H.R. 610
. (Rept. 109-216, Part 1). July 29, 2005.
[not available on Committee website]
U.S. Congress. House. Joint Committee on Taxation. Description And Technical
Explanation Of The Conference Agreement Of H.R. 6, Title XIII, The “Energy
Tax Incentives Act Of 2005.”
(JCX-60-05) July 28, 2005.
[http://www.house.gov/jct/x-60-05.pdf]
U.S. Congress. House. Joint Committee on Taxation. Estimated Budget Effects Of
The Conference Agreement For Title XIII. Of H.R. 6, The “Energy Tax
Incentives Act Of 2005.”
(JCX-59-05) July 27, 2005.
[http://www.house.gov/jct/x-59-05.pdf]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Agriculture’s Role in a
Renewable Fuels Standard. Hearing held July 21, 2005. (Serial No. 109-12)
[http://agriculture.house.gov/hearings/109/10912.pdf]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Full Committee
Markup of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. Markup held April 5 and 6, 2005.
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/108/Markups/04062005markup1473.htm]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Committee Print of
the Energy Policy Act of 2005. Posted April 5, 2005.
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/108/energy_pdfs_2.htm]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Energy and Water
Development Appropriations for 2006. Hearings held March 9 and 16, 2005.
[not available on Committee website]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on
Energy and Resources. Energy Demand in the 21st Century: Are Congress and
the Executive Branch Meeting the Challenge?
Hearing held March 16, 2005.
[http://reform.house.gov/ER/Hearings/EventSingle.aspx?EventID=24030]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy
and Water. FY2006 Budget Request for the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy (EERE) and other DOE Offices.
Hearing held March
15, 2005.
[http://appropriations.senate.gov/hearmarkups/record.cfm?id=233443]

CRS-43
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy
and Water Development, and Related Agencies. Department of Energy —
[FY2006 Budget Request for] Science, Nuclear Energy, and Renewable Energy.
Hearing held March 15, 2005.
[No hearing webcast has been posted to the web and no testimony has been published
yet.]
U.S. Congress. Joint Committee on Taxation. Description and Analysis of Certain
Federal Tax Provisions Expiring in 2005 and 2006. Report JCX-12-05. March
11, 2005. Part IIB of the report has a section (p. 51-60) on the renewable energy
production tax credit (PTC) entitled the “Credit for electricity produced from
certain renewable resources.” Also, Part IIA has a section (p. 20-34) on the
research and experimentation (R&E) tax credit.
[http://www.house.gov/jct/pubs05.html]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Power
Generation Resource Incentives & Diversity. Hearing held March 8, 2005.
[http://energy.senate.gov/hearings/witnesslist.cfm?id=1403]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Department
of Energy Budget. Hearing held March 3, 2005.
[http://energy.senate.gov/hearings/witnesslist.cfm?id=1370]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on
Energy and Air Quality. The Energy Policy Act of 2005: Ensuring Jobs for Our
Future with Secure and Reliable Energy.
Hearings held February 9, 10, and 16,
2005.
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/108/Hearings/02102005hearing1428/hearing.htm]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Improving the Nation’s Energy
Security: Can Cars and Trucks Be Made More Fuel Efficient? Hearing held
February 9, 2005.
[http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/full05/feb9/February92005.htm]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Department of
Energy’s Fiscal Year 2006 Budget Proposal and the Energy Policy Act of 2005:
Ensuring Jobs for Our Future with Secure and Reliable Energy.
Hearing held
February 9, 2005.
[http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_house_hearings
&docid=f:99900.pdf]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. EIA 2005
Annual Energy Outlook (Global Energy Trends and Their Potential Impact on
U.S. Energy Needs, Security and Policy.
Hearing held February 3, 2005.
[http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_senate_hearings
&docid=f:20004.pdf]
(Many hearings on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy held in the 108th
Congress are listed on the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
website at [http://www.eere.energy.gov/office_eere/congressional_test.html].)

CRS-44
CRS Reports
CRS Issue Brief IB10143, Energy Policy: Comprehensive Energy Legislation (H.R.
6) in the 109th Congress, by Robert L. Bamberger and Carl E. Behrens.
CRS Report RL33006, Omnibus Energy Legislation, 109th Congress: Side-by-Side
Assessment of House and Senate Versions of H.R. 6, by Mark Holt and Carol
Glover.
CRS Report RL32936, Omnibus Energy Legislation, 109th Congress: Assessment of
H.R. 6 as Passed by the House, by Mark Holt and Carol Glover.
CRS Issue Brief IB10020, Energy Efficiency: Budget, Oil Conservation, and
Electricity Conservation Issues, by Fred Sissine.
CRS Issue Brief IB10041, Renewable Energy: Tax Credit, Budget, and Electricity
Production Issues, by Fred Sissine.
CRS Report RL31127, Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation Legislation in
the 107th Congress, by Fred Sissine.
CRS Report RL31044, Renewable Energy Legislation in the 107th Congress, by Fred
Sissine.