Order Code RL32860
CRS Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Legislation in the 109th Congress
Updated June 23, 2005
Fred Sissine
Specialist in Energy Policy
Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

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Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Legislation
in the 109th Congress
Summary
This report reviews the status of energy efficiency and renewable energy
legislation introduced during the 109th Congress. Action in the first session has
focused on the omnibus energy policy bills H.R. 6 and S. 10 (Energy Policy Act of
2005). H.R. 6 contains many, if not most, of the energy efficiency and renewable
energy provisions in the conference report on H.R. 6 from the 108th Congress. One
key exception is the absence of a proposal to extend the renewable energy production
tax credit (PTC), which is due to expire at the end of 2005.
H.R. 6 would authorize or reauthorize most energy efficiency and renewable
energy programs. It also would establish several new commercial and consumer
product efficiency standards, set new goals for energy efficiency and renewable
energy in federal facilities and fleets, expand the Energy Star products program,
reform hydropower relicensing, expand programs for hydrogen fuel cell buses, and
set a renewable fuels standard for increased use of ethanol and biodiesel.
The Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources reported S. 10 with
many of the same non-tax energy efficiency and renewable energy provisions that are
in H.R. 6. On the Senate floor, S. 10 was incorporated into the Senate version of
H.R. 6. The Senate bill has a renewable fuel standard (RFS) of 8 billion gallons,
which contrasts with 5 billion gallons in the House bill. In further contrast, the
Senate version of H.R. 6 has a greater number of legislated (instead of rulemaking-
specified) energy efficiency standards for consumer products and commercial
equipment. Additionally, the Senate bill has a provision that calls for saving one
million barrels of oil per day. Further contrasting provisions have been approved in
amendments on the Senate floor, including a renewable portfolio standard, an
extension of the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC), and certain measures
concerning the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions that may support renewables
and energy efficiency.
Other action in the first session has focused on appropriations bills (H.R. 2419,
H.R. 2744, H.R. 2862) and on H.R. 3 (Transportation Equity Act), which has some
provisions on clean (renewable) fuels, energy conservation, and advanced vehicle
technologies.
More than 100 energy efficiency and renewable energy bills have been
introduced thus far, covering a broad range of policy and issue areas. For each bill
listed in this report, a brief description and a summary of action are given, including
references to committee hearings and reports. Also, a selected list of hearings on
renewable energy is included.
This report will be updated periodically. It supplements the tracking of issues
that appear in CRS Issue Brief IB10020 and CRS Issue Brief IB10041.

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Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
House Bills (with Senate Companions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Senate Bills (with House Companions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Congressional Hearings, Reports, and Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
CRS Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
List of Tables
Table 1. Action on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Legislation,
109th Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Table 2. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Bills by Topic,
109th Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

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Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Legislation in the 109th Congress
Introduction
This report summarizes action on more than 100 energy efficiency and
renewable energy bills introduced during the 109th Congress.1 These bills cover a
wide range of policy and issue areas that include appropriations, authorizations,
research and development, grants, loans, financing, regulation (including a renewable
portfolio standard), tax credits, funding, goals, plans, impacts, and the
environment/climate change. So far, most of these bills have focused on tax credits
and incentives. The bills also cover a range of sectors that include buildings, defense,
education, federal lands/energy management, farms, American Indians, and
international activities. Thus far, the sector of federal lands/energy management has
generated the greatest number of bills. Table 2 groups the bills by topic.
The bills are also categorized by type of renewable resource, type of energy
efficiency measure, and technology. There is a broad range of efficiency measures
and technologies, including cogeneration (combined heat and power), distributed
generation, net metering, equipment and appliance standards, fuel economy
standards, and transportation efficiency. The bills are fairly evenly distributed among
these areas. There is also a broad range of renewable energy resources and
technologies, including alcohol fuels, biofuels, biodiesel, biopower, biomass,
geothermal, hydrogen, hydropower, solar, and wind. So far, the areas of fuels and
wind energy have generated the greatest number of bills.
In the first session, action has focused on the omnibus energy policy bills H.R.
6 and S. 10 (Energy Policy Act of 2005). H.R. 6 passed the House on April 21, 2005.
It comprises H.R. 1541 (tax provisions), H.R. 1640 (non-tax provisions), and the
Resources Committee print “Domestic Energy Security Act” (non-tax provisions).
The energy efficiency and renewable energy provisions of H.R. 6 contain many, if not
most, of the energy efficiency and renewable energy recommendations in the
conference report on H.R. 6 from the 108th Congress. One notable exception is the
absence of a proposal to extend the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC),
which is due to expire at the end of 2005.2
1 This report is intended to complement and support CRS Issue Brief IB10020 Energy
Efficiency: Budget, Oil Conservation, and Electricity Conservation Issues and CRS Issue
Brief IB10041Renewable Energy: Tax Credit, Budget, and Electricity Production Issues.
2 The PTC was extended through the end of 2005 by P.L. 108-311 (§313) and by P.L. 108-
357 (§710). Section 1302 of the conference report (H.Rept. 108-375)on H.R. 6 in the 108th
Congress proposed a PTC extension.

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CRS-2
H.R. 6 contains provisions that would authorize or reauthorize several energy
efficiency and renewable energy programs. It also would establish several new
commercial and consumer product efficiency standards, set new goals for energy
efficiency and renewable energy in federal facilities and fleets, expand the Energy
Star products program, reform hydropower relicensing, expand programs for
hydrogen fuel cell buses, and set a renewable fuels standard for increased use of
ethanol and biodiesel.
The Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources reported S. 10 on June
9, 2005. The bill contains many of the same non-tax energy efficiency and renewable
energy provisions that are in H.R. 6. On the Senate floor, S. 10 was incorporated into
the Senate version of H.R. 6. The Senate bill has a renewable fuel standard (RFS)
of 8 billion gallons, which contrasts with 5 billion gallons in the House bill. In
further contrast, the Senate version of H.R. 6 has a greater number of legislated
(instead of rulemaking-specified) energy efficiency standards for consumer products
and commercial equipment. Additionally, the Senate bill has a provision that calls
for saving one million barrels of oil per day. Further contrasting provisions have
been approved in amendments on the Senate floor, including a renewable portfolio
standard, an extension of the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC), and
certain measures concerning the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions that may
support renewables and energy efficiency.

Other action in the first session has focused on the Transportation Equity Act
(H.R. 3), which has some provisions on clean (renewable) fuels, energy conservation,
and advanced vehicle technologies. Action on these bills is summarized in Table 1.
For each bill listed in this report, a brief description and a summary of action are
given, including references to committee hearings and reports. Also, a selected list
of hearings on energy efficiency and renewable energy is included.

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Table 1. Action on Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy Legislation, 109th Congress
Bill
Category
Action
Date
H.R. 6
Omnibus energy bill (Senate)
On Senate floor
6/22/2005
Passed House
4/21/2005
H.R. 2744
Appropriations (agriculture)
Senate
6/21/2005
subcommittee
reported
Passed House
6/8/2005
H.R. 2862
Appropriations (science)
Senate
6/21/2005
subcommittee
reported
Passed House
6/16/2005
H.R. 2419
Appropriations (energy & water)
Senate reported
6/16/2005
Passed House
5/24/2005
H.R. 3
Transportation equity bill
In conference
6/9/2005
H.R. 1158
Steel and aluminum energy
Reported
3/17/2005
conservation reauthorization bill
S. 606
Renewable fuel standard
Ordered to be
3/16/2005
Reported
S. 131
Clear Skies (clean air act) bill
Failed to pass
3/9/2005
committee
H.R. 610
Energy R&D authorization bill
Reported
2/10/2005

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Table 2. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Bills
by Topic, 109th Congress
I. Policy and Issue Areas
Appropriations. H.R. 2419, H.R. 2744, H.R. 2862
Authorizations/Omnibus Energy Policy. H.R. 6, H.R. 610, H.R. 612, H.R.
1158, H.R. 1541, H.R. 1640, H.R. 2828, S. 10, S. 665, S. 726
Research and Development. H.R. 610, H.R. 612, S. 387
Grants. H.R. 3/S. 732, H.R. 168, H.R. 610, H.R. 722, H.R. 1215
Loans/Financing. H.R. 388, S. 269, S. 426
Renewable Portfolio Standard. H.R. 6 (Senate), H.R. 983, H.R. 2828, S. 427
Tax Incentive for Investment. H.R. 17, H.R. 206, H.R. 424, H.R. 626, H.R.
1212, H.R. 1397/S. 671, H.R. 1541, H.R. 2070, H.R. 2794, S. 387, S. 680/H.R.
1834, S. 715, S. 962, S. 971
Tax Incentive for Energy Production. H.R. 36/S. 610, H.R. 141, H.R. 381,
S. 35, S. 387, S. 542, S. 1078, S. 1079, S. 1093, S. 1156, S. 1229
Tax Incentive for Fuel Use. H.R. 113, H.R. 206, H.R. 1255, H.R. 2498/S.
1076, S. 1077, S. 1232
Goals/Plans/Impact Information. H.R. 3/S. 732, H.R. 373, H.R. 610, H.R.
722, H.R. 1158, S. 606
Environment/Climate Change. H.R. 6 (Senate), H.R. 759, H.R. 1451, S. 386,
S. 387, S. 388, S. 745, S. 883, S. 887, S. 1151, S. 1203
II. Sectors
Buildings. H.R. 610, H.R. 612, H.R. 722, H.R. 737, H.R. 1212, H.R. 2751, S.
680/H.R. 1834
Defense. H.R. 174, H.R. 1815/S. 1042
Education. H.R. 737, S. 726
Federal Lands/Energy Management. H.R. 174, H.R. 705, H.R. 722, H.R.
779, H.R. 983, H.R. 1533, H.R. 1750, S. 650/H.R. 1608, S. 665, S. 680/H.R.
1834, S. 890, S. 1208
Farms/American Indians. H.R. 622/S. 326, S. 269, S. 373, S. 502, S. 542
International/Trade. H.R. 1212, S. 388, S. 745, S. 680/H.R. 1834

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III. Energy Efficiency Measures and Technologies
Cogeneration/Combined Heat and Power (CHP). S. 386, S. 388, S. 726
Distributed Generation/Net Metering/Electric Power. S. 150, S. 426, S. 726
Equipment/Lighting/Appliances. H.R. 737, H.R. 1421, S. 426, S. 726, S.
680/H.R. 1834, S. 1022
Fuel Economy. H.R. 705/S. 889, H.R. 722, H.R. 1103/S. 836, H.R. 2070, H.R.
2665, S. 889/H.R. 705
Transportation. H.R. 423, H.R. 444, H.R. 626, H.R. 722, H.R. 1705, H.R.
1706, H.R. 1744, H.R. 2070, H.R. 2358, S. 373, S. 808, S. 918
IV. Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Alcohol Fuels/Biofuels/Biodiesel. H.R. 3/S. 732, H.R. 36/S. 610, H.R. 113,
H.R. 140, H.R 206, H.R. 325, H.R. 381, H.R. 388, H.R. 1255, H.R. 1398, H.R.
1608, H.R. 1612, H.R. 1744, S. 129, S. 373, S. 502, S. 587, S. 610, S. 650, S.
918, S. 1232
Biopower/Biomass. H.R. 610, H.R. 612, H.R. 622, H.R. 737, H.R. 983, H.R.
1127, H.R. 2498/S. 1076, S. 150, S. 326, S. 427, S. 502, S. 542, S. 1078, S.
1079, S. 1156, S. 1210
Geothermal. H.R. 174, H.R. 622/S. 326, H.R. 1127, S. 269
Hydrogen. H.R. 3/S. 732, H.R. 325, H.R. 610, H.R. 612, H.R. 626, H.R. 722,
H.R. 737, H.R. 1750, S. 129, S. 373, S. 427, S. 436, S. 665, S. 726
Hydropower. H.R. 722, H.R. 737, H.R. 779, H.R. 971, H.R. 1530, S. 244, S.
427
Solar. H.R. 17, H.R. 381, H.R. 610, H.R. 612, H.R. 622/S. 326, H.R. 722,
H.R. 737, H.R. 1127, S. 150, S. 269, S. 326, S. 426, S. 427, S. 726
Wind. H.R. 141, H.R. 381, H.R. 610, H.R. 612, H.R. 622/S. 326, H.R. 737,
H.R. 759, H.R. 983, H.R. 1127, H.R. 1541, S. 35, S. 150, S. 269, S. 326, S.
342, S. 426, S. 427, S. 502, S. 542, S. 715, S. 1034, S. 1208

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Legislation
House Bills (with Senate Companions)
H.R. 3 (Young)/S. 732 (Inhofe)
Transportation Equity Act. Section 1208 on High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV)
Lanes includes provisions for alternative-fueled vehicles and energy-efficient
vehicles. Section 3009 on Clean Fuels Formula Grant Program includes provisions
for biodiesel, alcohol fuels, and fuel cells. Section 5213 on Metropolitan Planning
directs that goals include energy conservation. Other provisions in the bill address
traffic congestion, intelligent transportation systems, bicycling and pedestrian issues,
and advanced vehicle technologies. House bill introduced February 9, 2005; referred
to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Reported (H.Rept. 109-12, Parts
I and II) March 8. Passed House, amended, March 10. Senate bill reported (S.Rept.
109-53) April 6. In lieu of S. 732, Senate passed its version of H.R. 3, amended,
May 17. Conference began June 9.
H.R. 6 House (Barton)
Energy Policy Act of 2005. Section 102 sets a goal for 20% energy reduction
in federal facilities by 2015. Section 104 requires federal agency purchases of EPA
Energy Star and FEMP-designated products. Section 105 permanently extends
ESPCs and sets $500 million cap. Section 124 authorizes funding to states for
rebates to support the cost premium for residential purchases of Energy Star products.
Section 133 establishes energy efficiency standards for a variety of consumer
products and commercial equipment. Title I also sets out several energy efficiency
provisions for public housing. Title VII has provisions for hybrid, fuel cell, and
electric vehicles; and revises and extends some aspects of fuel economy standards.
Title IX reauthorizes DOE energy efficiency R&D programs. Section 1253 would,
under certain conditions, terminate PURPA cogeneration requirements. Sections
1312 and 1317 would create $397 million in tax credits for energy efficiency. For
renewables, reauthorizes REPI, authorizes increased hydropower at existing dams,
sets renewables goal for federal facilities, and establishes residential rebate program.
Also, Section 1311 provides $18 million in residential investment tax credits over
three years for solar hot water, photovoltaics, and fuel cell equipment. Committee
on Energy and Commerce ordered committee print reported, as amended, April 13.
Incorporates H.R. 1640 (non-tax provisions), Domestic Energy Security Act, and
H.R. 1541 (as Title XIII). Referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce,
Resources, Ways and Means, Science, and others April 18. Passed House, amended,
April 21. H.Amdt. 74, as amended by H.Amdt. 75, directs EPA to revise certain
adjustment factors used in federal vehicle fuel economy ratings and labels put on new
vehicles. H.Amdt. 78 authorizes $20 million for installation of a photovoltaic solar
electric system at DOE headquarters.
H.R. 6 Senate (Domenici)
Energy Policy Act of 2005. Sections 135 and 136 (incorporated from S. 10)
have stronger energy efficiency standards for consumer products and commercial
equipment. Section 151 requires one million barrels per day in oil savings from
various energy efficiency and energy conservation measures by 2015. Section 204
sets a renewable fuel standard (RFS) of 8 billion gallons by 2012. Other major

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differences for energy efficiency and renewable energy have come in the form of
adopted amendments. S.Amdt. 786 makes certain forms of ocean energy eligible for
various renewable energy incentives. S.Amdt. 791 creates a 10% renewable portfolio
standard by 2020. S.Amdt. 800 has several tax provisions for renewable energy and
energy efficiency, including a three-year extension of the renewable energy
production tax credit (PTC). S.Amdt. 817 creates a voluntary program to reduce
greenhouse gas emission intensity that includes support for energy efficiency and
renewable energy technologies. S.Amdt. 866 expresses a “Sense of the Senate” that
climate change is a serious policy concern that merits “mandatory” federal action.
H.R. 6 was brought to the Senate floor on June 14, 2005, and S.Amdt. 775
incorporated S. 10 into the bill as an amendment in the nature of a substitute.
H.R. 17 (Hayworth)
Residential Solar Energy Tax Credit Act. Creates a 15% investment tax credit
for photovoltaic (electric) equipment, with a maximum of $2,000. Also, it
establishes a 15% credit for solar water heating equipment, with a maximum of
$2,000. Introduced January 4, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 36 (S. King)/S. 610 (Talent)
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to revise the tax credit for biodiesel used as
fuel to include a credit for the production of agri-biodiesel fuel equal to 10 cents for
each gallon produced. Limits (1) the amount of qualified agri-biodiesel production
of a producer to 15 million gallons for any taxable year; and (2) eligible producers
to those with an annual productive capacity not exceeding 60 million gallons.
Revises the small ethanol producer tax credit to (1) expand the eligibility of small
ethanol producers for the credit; (2) exclude the credit from the definition of passive
activity credit; and (3) exclude credit amounts from inclusion in gross income.
House bill introduced January 4, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
Senate bill introduced March 11, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
H.R. 113 (M. Kennedy)
Requires the Secretary of Transportation to determine apportionments to states
of federal-aid highway funds for FY2006 or any subsequent fiscal year in a particular
manner if FY2005 or any preceding fiscal year is taken into account in the
computation. Directs the Secretary, in such an instance, to base his calculations on
the amount of estimated tax receipts that would have resulted if certain alcohol fuel
mixture and biodiesel mixture excise tax credits under the American Jobs Creation
Act of 2004 had taken effect at the beginning of the fiscal year. Introduced January
5, 2005; referred to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.
H.R. 140 (McHugh)
Promotes the use of anaerobic (methane) digesters by agricultural producers and
rural small businesses to produce renewable energy and improve environmental
quality. Introduced January 4, 2005; referred to Committee on Agriculture.
H.R. 141 (McHugh)
Makes permanent the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) for
producing electricity from wind. Introduced January 4, 2005; referred to Committee
on Ways and Means.

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H.R. 168 (Millender-McDonald)
Goods Movement Act of 2005. Directs the Secretary of Transportation to
consider congestion relief, energy consumption, and intelligent transportation
systems in selecting projects for grants to state and local government. Introduced
January 4, 2005; referred to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.
H.R. 174 (Millender-McDonald)
Geothermal Energy Initiative Act of 2005. Calls for a new resource assessment,
more access to federal land, improved leasing and permitting, and reimbursement for
required environmental analyses. Introduced January 4, 2005; referred to Committee
on Resources and the Committee on Agriculture.
H.R. 206 (Serrano)
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow certain businesses located in areas
designated as nonattainment areas under the Clean Air Act a general business tax
credit for the cost of certain clean-fuel vehicle property and clean-burning fuel.
Allows the credit to be taken against regular and alternative minimum tax liabilities.
Allows a tax deduction for any unused clean fuel credit amounts. The maximum
credit is $2,000 for vehicles weighing less than 5 tons, $5,000 for vehicles weighing
between 5 and 13 tons, and $50,000 for trucks and vans weighing more than 13 tons
and for buses with 20 or more passengers. Introduced January 4, 2005; referred to
Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 325 (Graves)/S. 129 (Talent)
Hybrid HOV Access Act. Allows energy-efficient and low-emission vehicles
to use HOV facilities. House bill introduced January 25, 2005; referred to
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Senate bill introduced January 24,
2005; referred to Committee on Environment and Public Works.
H.R. 381 (Gillmor)
Permits a state to provide tax incentives for production of electricity from (1)
coal mined in the state and used in a facility, if such production meets federal and
state laws and if the facility uses clean coal technology, including scrubbers; (2) a
renewable source such as wind, solar, or biomass; or (3) ethanol. Declares that any
such state tax incentive shall (1) be considered to be a reasonable regulation of
commerce, and (2) not be considered to impose an undue burden on interstate
commerce or to otherwise impair, restrain, or discriminate, against interstate
commerce. Introduced January 26, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and
Commerce and Committee on Judiciary.
H.R. 388 (Kaptur)
Biofuels Energy Independence Act of 2005. Authorizes the Secretary of
Agriculture to make and guarantee loans for biofuel production, distribution,
development, and storage. Sets forth loan eligibility provisions. Directs the Secretary
to establish a related revolving fund. Authorizes the Secretary to administer a
Biofuels Feedstocks Energy Reserve to (1) provide feedstocks in furtherance of
biofuel-based energy production; and (2) support the biofuels energy industry when
production is at risk due to feedstock reductions or commodity price increases. Sets
forth related provisions respecting commercial commodity purchases, release of
commodity stocks, and storage payments. Introduced January 26, 2005; referred to

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Committee on Agriculture. Senate bill introduced March 15; referred to Committee
on Energy and Natural Resources.
H.R. 423 (Terry)
Homeland Infrastructure Power Security and Assurance Incentives Act of 2005.
Authorizes the Secretary of Energy to establish an Advanced Power System
Technology Incentive Program of incentive payments to eligible owners or operators
to (1) support deployment of new advanced power system technologies such as fuel
cells, turbines, hybrid, and storage system power technologies; and (2) improve and
protect certain critical governmental, industrial, and commercial processes. Requires
such funding to be used to increase power generation through enhanced operational,
economic, and environmental performance. Introduced January 26, 2005; referred
to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 424 (Terry)
Energy Efficiency Investment Act of 2005. Amends the Internal Revenue Code
to allow a tax credit for up to 25% of the cost of certain energy efficient property
installed in business and residential properties. Introduced January 26, 2005; referred
to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 444 (Issa)
Hybrid Vehicle HOV Access Act. Amends Federal highway law to authorize
a State to permit a hybrid vehicle with fewer than two occupants to operate in high
occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes. Defines “hybrid vehicle” as a motor vehicle (1) that
draws propulsion energy from onboard sources of stored energy which are both an
internal combustion or heat engine using combustible fuel and a rechargeable energy
storage system; and (2) which (in the case of a passenger automobile or light truck)
for 2002 and later models meets certain clean air requirements. Introduced February
1, 2005; referred to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.
H.R. 610 (Biggert)
Energy Research, Development, Demonstration, and Commercial Application
Act of 2005. Directs the Secretary of Energy to establish R&D programs in (1)
vehicles, buildings, and industrial processes; (2) renewable energy research; (3)
civilian nuclear energy research; (4) fuel recycling technology; (5) fossil energy
production, upgrading, conversion and consumption; (6) oil and gas research; (7) fuel
cells; and (8) ultra-deepwater and unconventional natural gas. Instructs the Secretary
to (1) plan programs directly related to fuel cells or hydrogen; and (2) conduct
programs to address hydrogen production from diverse energy sources. Directs the
President to establish an interagency task force to work toward fuel infrastructure for
hydrogen and hydrogen-carrier fuels, including buses and other fleet transportation.
Establishes the Hydrogen Technical and Fuel Cell Advisory Committee. Directs the
Secretary to establish a competitive grant pilot program for acquisition of (1)
alternative fueled vehicles or fuel cell vehicles; (2) hybrid vehicles; and (3) ultra-low
sulfur diesel vehicles. Directs the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency to establish a grant program for (1) the replacement of certain school buses
with alternative fuel school buses and ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel school buses; and
(2) installation of retrofit technologies for diesel school buses. Instructs the Secretary
to enter into cooperative agreements (1) with private sector fuel cell bus developers
for the development of fuel cell-powered school buses; and (2) government entities

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using natural gas-powered school buses and private sector fuel cell bus developers
to demonstrate the use of fuel cell-powered school buses. Directs the Secretary to (1)
establish a fuel cell transit bus demonstration program; and (2) award grants to
universities for the establishment of Centers of Excellence for Energy Systems of the
Future to advance new clean coal technologies. Introduced February 8, 2005;
referred to House Committees on Science, Resources, and Energy and Commerce.
Science Committee ordered to be reported February 10, 2005.

H.R. 612 (Biggert)
Energy Basic and Applied Sciences Act of 2005. Requires the Secretary of
Energy to establish advisory committees to advise the separtment’s applied programs
in energy efficiency, renewable energy, and other areas. Directs the Secretary to
establish a R&D program in: vehicles, buildings, and industrial processes; renewable
energy research; fuel cells; and other areas. Introduced February 8, 2005; referred to
Committees on Science, Resources, and Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 622 (Bono)/S. 326 (Smith)
Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI) Reform Act. Amends the
Energy Policy Act of 1992 to modify renewable energy production incentive payment
guidelines to provide that if there are insufficient appropriations to make full
payments for electric production from all qualified renewable energy facilities in any
given year, the Secretary of Energy shall assign 60% of appropriated funds for that
year to facilities that use solar, wind, geothermal, or closed-loop (dedicated energy
crops) biomass technologies to generate electricity, and assign the remaining 40% to
other projects. Redefines a qualified renewable energy facility as one (1) owned by
certain tax-exempt electricity-generating cooperatives, certain public utilities, a state,
territorial, or local governments or an Indian tribal government; and (2) which may
involve electricity generation by landfill gas. Extends through FY2015 the deadline
for first use of a facility eligible for incentive payments. House bill introduced
February 8, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce. Senate bill
introduced February 9, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources.
H.R. 626 (Camp)
VEHICLE Technology Act of 2005. Amends the Internal Revenue Code to
repeal the phaseouts of the tax credit for qualified electric vehicles and of the tax
deduction for clean-fuel vehicles. Allows a tax credit for investment in certain
alternative motor vehicles, including fuel cell vehicles, advanced lean burn
technology motor vehicles, hybrid motor vehicles, alternative fuel motor vehicles,
and mixed-fuel vehicles. Sets forth formulas for determining the amount of the credit
based on various factors, including vehicle weight and fuel efficiency ratings.
Modifies the tax deduction for clean-fuel vehicles and certain refueling property to
(1) extend the terminating date for such deduction through 2009, and through 2012
for hydrogen-related property; (2) increase to $150,000 the cost limitation for the
deduction; and (3) extend the deduction to nonbusiness property. Introduced
February 8, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

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CRS-11
H.R. 705 (Gilchrest)/S. 889 (Feinstein)
Automobile Fuel Economy Act of 2005. Sets forth certain increased average
fuel economy standards for certain light trucks, automobiles (up to 10,000 pounds
gross vehicle weight), and certain classes of vehicles in the federal fleet that are
manufactured or purchased after specified dates. House bill introduced February 9,
2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce and Committee on
Government Reform. Senate bill introduced April 21, 2005; referred to Committee
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
H.R. 722 (Oberstar)
Securing Transportation Energy Efficiency for Tomorrow Act of 2005. Amends
the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 to authorize the
Administrator of General Services to establish a program for the procurement and
installation of photovoltaic solar electric systems for electric production in public
buildings. Directs the Architect of the Capitol to evaluate the energy infrastructure
of the Capitol Complex to determine how it could be augmented to become more
energy efficient, using photovoltaic solar energy systems, district-heating, and other
unconventional and renewable energy resources. Amends federal transportation law
to (1) direct the Secretary of Transportation (Secretary) to establish a program of
grants to state and local governments for fuel conservation projects; (2) authorize the
Secretary to make grants for fuel cell bus technology projects; and (3) require
environmental impact statements for federal-aid highway and transit projects to
consider energy impacts as an environmental project consequence. Directs the
Secretary to establish (1) a Conserve By Bicycling pilot program for projects to
encourage the use of bicycles in place of motor vehicles; and (2) a specified
public-private research partnership dedicated to advancement of railroad technology,
efficiency, and safety owned by the Federal Railroad Administration and operated in
the private sector. Directs (1) the Secretary to establish a pilot clean airport bus
replacement and fleet expansion grant program; and (2) the Administrator of the
Federal Aviation Administration to establish a public-private research partnership to
develop a clean ground demonstrator engine utilizing specified National Aeronautics
and Space Administration-developed technologies. Directs the Secretary to establish
a public-private research partnership to develop and demonstrate technologies that
increase fuel economy, reduce emissions, and lower costs of marine transportation,
as well as the efficiency of intermodal transfers. Directs the Secretary of the Army
to study and report to Congress on the potential for reduced fossil fuel consumption
through an increase in U.S. hydropower capabilities. Amends the Internal Revenue
Code to exclude from gross income as a qualifying transportation fringe benefit a
commuting allowance of $75 per month for individuals who bicycle, carpool, or
car-share to work. Introduced February 9, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy
and Commerce and Committee on Government Reform.
H.R. 737 (Woolsey)
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Act of 2005. Declares it shall be
policy of the United States that its research, development, demonstration, and
commercial applications programs be designed to enable 20% of domestic energy
generated from stationary sources to be generated from nonhydropower renewable
energy sources by the year 2020. Prescribes research and development program goals
to implement such policy in connection with enhanced (1) renewable energy; (2)
energy efficiency; and (3) aeronautical system energy. Directs the Secretary of

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CRS-12
Energy to (1) submit to Congress an assessment of renewable energy resources
available for commercial application; and (2) implement a Next Generation Lighting
Initiative for advanced solid-state lighting technologies based on white light-emitting
diodes. Requires the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy to
establish (1) an interagency group to develop a National Building Performance
Initiative; and (2) an advisory committee to analyze and provide recommendations
on potential private sector roles and participation in the Initiative. Directs the
Secretary of Energy to (1) commission an independent assessment of innovative
financing techniques to facilitate construction of new renewable energy and energy
efficiency facilities; (2) establish a demonstration program for innovative
technologies for renewable energy sources in buildings owned or operated by a state
or local government; (3) provide assistance to small businesses and startup
companies for the commercial application of renewable energy and energy efficiency
technologies developed by or with support from the Department of Energy; (4)
establish an education and outreach program on renewable energy and energy
efficiency technologies; and (5) establish a competitive matching grant pilot program
for voluntary local government programs that seek to promote innovative energy
efficiency technologies and processes to reduce the industrial use of water and the
discharge of wastewater from commercial and industrial entities. Introduced
February 9, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 759 (Gilchrest)
Climate Stewardship Act of 2005. Establishes various policies for curbing
greenhouse gas emissions that include several energy-efficiency and renewable
energy measures. Introduced February 10, 2005; referred to Committee on Science
and to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 779 (Radanovich)
Federal Hydropower Enhancement Act of 2005. Directs the Secretary of the
Interior, the Secretary of Energy, and the Secretary of the Army to study and report
to Congress on the potential for increasing electric power production capability at
federally owned or operated facilities for water regulation, storage, and conveyance.
Introduced February 10, 2005; referred to Committee on Resources and to Committee
on Transportation and Infrastructure.
H.R. 971 (Simmons)
Directs the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to extend through May 30,
2007, the time period during which the licensee is required to commence
construction for projects numbered 11547, 10822, and 10823 in the state of
Connecticut. Requires the commission thereafter, upon licensee request, to extend
the time period for construction of such project for two consecutive two-year periods.
Directs the commission to reinstate the licenses for such projects effective as of their
respective expiration dates. States that the first authorized extension for each such
project shall take effect on its expiration date. Introduced February 17, 2005; referred
to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 983 (T. Udall)
Amends the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 to prescribe
guidelines for a Federal Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) for calendar years 2008
through 2037. Specifies a schedule of graduated annual percentages of a supplier’s

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CRS-13
base amount, from 1% in 2008 up to 20% in 2027 and thereafter, that shall be
generated from renewable energy resources. Authorizes a supplier to satisfy such
requirements through the submission of renewable energy credits to the Secretary of
Energy. Provides for energy credit trading or borrowing among suppliers. Directs
the Secretary to (1) encourage federally owned utilities, municipally owned utilities,
and rural electric cooperatives that sell electric energy to electric consumers for
purposes other than resale to participate in the renewable portfolio standard program;
and (2) establish by December 31, 2007, a state renewable energy account program.
Introduced February 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 1103 (N. Johnson)
Fuel Efficiency Truth in Advertising Act of 2005. Directs the Administrator of
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to revise certain federal vehicle fuel
economy test procedures to take into consideration higher speed limits, faster
acceleration rates, variations in temperature, use of air conditioning, shorter city test
cycle lengths, and the use of other fuel depleting features. Introduced March 3, 2005;
referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce. Incorporated into H.R. 6 as floor
amendment H.Amdt. 74 (as amended by H.Amdt. 75).
H.R. 1127 (T. Lee)
Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI) Reform and Reauthorization
Act. Makes equal incentives available from the Department of Energy (solar, wind,
geothermal), Department of Agriculture (biomass), and Environmental Protection
Agency (landfill gas). Introduced March 3, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy
and Commerce.
H.R. 1158 (Hart)
Reauthorizes the Steel and Aluminum Energy Conservation and Technology
Competitiveness Act of 1988. Modifies the list of priorities that the Secretary of
Energy must consider in reviewing research and development activities for possible
inclusion in the Steel Initiative Research Plan to include the development of (1)
advanced sheet and bar steel; and (2) technologies that reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. Introduced March 8, 2005; referred to Committee on Science.
H.R. 1212 (Weller)
Save America’s Valuable Energy Resources Act of 2005. Amends the Internal
Revenue Code to establish tax credits for (1) qualified energy efficient improvements
to existing homes; and (2) the construction of qualified new energy efficient homes.
Allows a tax deduction for energy efficient commercial building property
expenditures. Introduced March 10; referred to Committees on Energy and
Commerce, Ways and Means, and Science.
H.R. 1215 (Gingrey)
Green Chemistry Research and Development Act of 2005. Provision for grants
to manufacturers includes measures that would increase energy efficiency.
Introduced March 10, 2005; referred to Committee on Science.

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CRS-14
H.R. 1255 (C. Peterson)
Clean Power Plant Act of 2005. Amends the Internal Revenue Code to extend
until December 31, 2010, the tax credit for biodiesel used as fuel. Introduced March
10, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 1397 (N. Johnson)/S. 671 (Lieberman)
Establishes an investment tax credit for fuel cell equipment purchased for
business and residential uses. The fuel cell must have a minimum capacity of 0.5
kilowatt (kw). The upper limit of the credit is $500 for each 0.5 kw, with a
maximum of 30% of the total fuel cell cost. House bill introduced March 17, 2005;
referred to Committee on Ways and Means. Senate bill introduced March 17, 2005;
referred to Committee on Finance.
H.R. 1398 (Kaptur)
Amends the Clean Air Act to require that, after the year 2010, all gasoline sold
in the United States for motor vehicles contain at least 10% ethanol and that all diesel
fuel sold in the United States for motor vehicles contain at least 5% Biodiesel.
Introduced March 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 1421 (Nussle)
Resource Efficient Appliance Incentives Act of 2005. Creates an equipment
production credit for 2005 through 2010 that ranges from $50 to $150 per unit for
clothes washers and refrigerators that meet certain energy-efficiency criteria. The
total value of credits is limited by a dollar amount and by a percent of gross revenue.
Introduced March 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 1451 (Waxman)
Clean Smokestacks Act of 2005. Amends the Clean Air Act (CAA) to require
the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to promulgate
regulations to achieve specified reductions in aggregate emissions of sulfur dioxide,
nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide, and mercury from powerplants (electric generation
facilities with a nameplate capacity of 15 megawatts or more that use a combustion
device to generate electricity for sale) by January 1, 2010. States that regulations
promulgated under this act may require additional emissions reductions if the
Administrator determines that the specified reductions are not reasonably anticipated
to protect public health or welfare. Directs the Administrator to coordinate with
other federal and state agencies to increase energy efficiency, to increase the use of
renewable energy, and to implement cost saving advanced demand and supply side
policies. Requires powerplants, on the later of the date 30 years after the powerplant
commenced operation or five years after this act’s enactment, to comply with the
most recent new source performance standards under CAA provisions regarding air
quality and emissions limitations and with specified requirements for modified
sources. Introduced March 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and
Commerce.
H.R. 1482 (Wynn)
Hydrogen Liberty Act. Authorizes $3.9 billion over 10 years for research and
development of advanced nuclear reactor ($1.3 billion), solar energy ($1.3 billion),
and wind energy ($1.3 billion) technologies for the production of hydrogen. The bill
would create 15 demonstration projects, five for each of the three technologies.

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CRS-15
Introduced April 5, 2005; referred to Committee on Science and Committee on
Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 1511 (Foley)
Extends the renewable energy electricity production tax credit (PTC) for wind
energy for five years. Introduced April 6, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and
Means.
H.R. 1530 (Shadegg)
Section 3(e) creates a 1.5cent/kwh incentive (maximum $1 million) for
increased hydropower capacity at existing non-federal dams. Also, for qualified
efficiency improvements (minimum 3% improvement) at existing dams, Section 4
creates incentive worth up to 10% of the capital cost. Introduced April 6, 2005;
referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 1533 (T. Davis)
Federal Energy Management Improvement Act of 2005. Title I has provisions
for energy reduction goals, energy-efficient equipment procurement, and ESPCs.
Title II requires purchases of renewable energy. Title VII has provisions for
alternative fuel use. Introduced April 8, 2005; referred to Committee on Government
Reform and Committee on Energy and Commerce. Committee on Government
Reform held markup and ordered reported April 13.
H.R. 1541 (Thomas)
Enhanced Energy Infrastructure and Technology Tax Act of 2005. Referred to
Committee on Ways and Means April 12, 2005. Committee held markup April 13.
Reported (H.Rept. 109-45) April 18. Incorporated into H.R. 6.
H.R. 1608 (Herseth)/S. 650 (Lugar)
Fuels Security Act of 2005. Section 101 increases the renewable fuel standard
(RFS) to 8 billion gallons by 2012. Section 102 directs federal agencies purchases
of gasoline to include 10% ethanol-blended gasoline within five years. It also directs
agencies’ purchases of diesel fuel to include 2% biodiesel in five years and 20%
biodiesel in 10 years. House bill introduced April 13, 2005; referred to Committee
on Energy and Commerce. Senate bill, introduced March 17, 2005; referred to the
Committee on Environment and Public Works.
H.R. 1612 (Kaptur)
Establishes ethanol (10% blend) and biodiesel (2% rising to 20% over 10 years)
fuel requirements for the federal fleet. Introduced April 13, 2005; referred to
Committee on Government Reform.
H.R. 1640 (Barton)
Energy Policy Act of 2005. Contains titles on energy efficiency, renewable
energy, alternative fuels, and many other non-tax energy policy areas. On April 14,
2005, referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Resources, Science, and
several other committees. Incorporated into H.R. 6.

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CRS-16
H.R. 1705 (Shadegg)
Establishes a program to support deployment of idle reduction and energy
conservation technologies for heavy-duty vehicles, and for other purposes.
Introduced April 19, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce and
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.
H.R. 1706 (Shadegg)
Directs the Secretary of Energy to conduct a program in partnership with the
private sector to accelerate efforts of domestic automobile manufacturers to
manufacture commercially available competitive hybrid vehicle technologies in the
United States. Introduced April 19, 2005; referred to Committee on Science and
Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 1744 (Ruppersberger)
Common Sense Automobile Efficiency Act of 2005. Repeals phaseouts of tax
credits for qualified electric and clean-fueled vehicles. Introduced April 20, 2005;
referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 1750 (Boehlert)
Grand Canyon Hydrogen-Powered Transportation Demonstration Act of 2005.
Directs DOE (in cooperation with Department of Interior) to research, develop, and
demonstrate, in cooperation with affected and related industries, a hydrogen-based
alternative public transportation system suitable for operations within Grand Canyon
National Park and other sensitive resource areas. Introduced April 21, 2005; referred
to Committee on Science.
H.R. 1797 (McMorris)/S. 881 (Cantwell)
Spokane Tribe of Indians of the Spokane Reservation Grand Coulee Dam
Equitable Compensation Settlement Act. Establishes in the Treasury the Spokane
Tribe of Indians Settlement Fund. Requires the payment of compensation to the
Spokane Business Council for the use of tribal lands for the generation of
hydropower from the Grand Coulee Dam. Requires the use of such funds, in part,
for a Cultural Resource Repository and Interpretive Center concerning the culture and
history of the Spokane Tribe. Directs the Administrator of the Bonneville Power
Administration to make specified settlement payments to the Spokane Tribe. Allows
payments made to the Spokane Business Council or Spokane Tribe to be used or
invested by the Business Council in the same manner and for the same purposes as
other Spokane Tribal governmental funds. Directs the Secretary of the Interior to
transfer administrative jurisdiction from the Bureau of Reclamation to the Bureau of
Indian Affairs over certain land located within the exterior boundaries of the Spokane
Indian Reservation and certain other land located on the south bank of the Spokane
River. Provides that payments by the Secretary and the Administrator and restoration
of ownership of land in trust constitute full satisfaction of the claim of the Spokane
Tribe to a fair share of the annual hydropower revenues generated by the Grand
Coulee Dam project for the past and continued use of land of the Spokane Tribe for
the production of hydropower at Grand Coulee Dam. House bill introduced April 21,
2005; referred to Committee on Resources. Ordered reported May 18. Senate bill
introduced April 21, 2005; referred to Committee on Indian Affairs.

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CRS-17
H.R. 1815 (Hunter)/S. 1042 (Warner)
National Defense Authorization Act for FY2006. Section 2402 authorizes
funding for energy conservation projects. House bill introduced April 26, 2005;
referred to Committee on Armed Services. Includes $50 million authorization.
Reported (H.Rept. 109-89) May 20. Passed House May 25. Senate bill introduced
May 12, 2005; referred to Committee on Armed Services. Includes $60 million
authorization. Reported (S.Rept. 109-69) May 17.
H.R. 1834 (Cunningham)/S. 680 (Snowe)
Efficient Energy Through Certified Technologies and Electricity Reliability
(EFFECTER) Act of 2005. Section 101 creates an income tax deduction ($2.25 per
square foot maximum) for energy efficiency measures that reduce commercial
building energy use by 50% below the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration,
and Air Conditioning Equipment Association’s (ASHRAE’s) 90.1 industry energy
efficiency standard. Section 102 establishes an investment tax credit for energy
efficiency measures in new home construction that reduce energy use by 30%
($1,000 maximum) or by 50% ($2,000 maximum). Section 103 sets a tax deduction
for business use of solar hot water, photovoltaics, heat pumps (gas, electric, ground
source), furnaces, and boilers. It also creates a tax deduction ($6,000 maximum) for
such equipment used in residential rental properties that reduces energy use by 50%
(pro-rated for smaller energy reductions). Section 104 creates a nonbusiness tax
credit ($2,000 maximum) for equipment that reduces energy use by 50%. Section 105
establishes an investment tax credit available over four years to combined heat and
power (CHP or cogeneration) systems smaller than 15 megawatts (MW) that satisfy
certain efficiency standards. Section 201 sets energy efficiency test procedures and
standards for a variety of equipment and products. For battery chargers and external
power supplies, the Secretary of Energy has three years to determine whether
standards are needed. Further, standards (or requirements) are set for vending
machines, commercial refrigerators and freezers, illuminated exit signs, torchieres,
distribution transformers, traffic signal modules, unit heaters, compact fluorescent
light bulbs, ceiling fans, dehumidifiers, spray valves, and furnace fans. Section 202
directs the Secretary of Energy to issue a rulemaking that assesses effectiveness of
labeling requirements and a rulemaking to set labeling requirements for additional
consumer products (including distribution transformers). Section 203 sets test
procedures and standards for commercial package air conditioners and heating
equipment. Section 204 creates standards for commercial refrigerators and freezers.
Section 301 directs federal agencies to procure EPA Energy Star and DOE Federal
Energy Management Program- (FEMP-) designated energy equipment, where it is
cost-effective. Section 302 permanently extends the authority for federal agencies
to enter energy saving performance contracts (ESPCs). Section 303 sets federal
building energy performance standards by updating the baseline from the 1992
Council of American Building Officials (CABO) to the 2003 International Energy
Conservation Code (IECC). Further, it directs the Secretary of Energy to require new
federal buildings to achieve a 30% energy reduction, provided it is cost-effective on
a life-cycle basis. Section 401 modifies the Public Housing Capital Fund to include
certain energy and water use efficiency improvements. Section 402 directs the
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to provide grants for certain
energy and water efficiency improvements to multifamily housing projects. Section
403 directs public housing agencies to purchase cost-effective Energy Star or FEMP-
designated appliances and products. Section 404 changes the energy efficiency

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CRS-18
standards and codes for public housing from CABO to the 2003 International Energy
Conservation Code, where HUD finds it cost-effective. House bill introduced April
26, 2005; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, and
Financial Services. Senate bill introduced March 17, 2005; referred to Committee
on Finance.
H.R. 2070 (Kucinich)
Creates an income tax credit for purchases of fuel-efficient passenger vehicles
and establishes grants for mass transit. Introduced May 4, 2005; referred to
Committee on Ways and Means and Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.
H.R. 2358 (M. Udall)
Aeronautics Research and Development Revitalization Act of 2005. Section
201 directs the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to set 10-
year technology improvement goals, which include a 25% reduction in fuel use for
medium- and long-range commercial aircraft. Introduced May 12, 2005; referred to
Committee on Science.
H.R. 2419 (Hobson)
Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2006. Includes funding
for DOE’s energy efficiency and renewable energy programs. Committee on
Appropriations reported (H.Rept. 109-86) May 18, 2005. Passed House, amended,
May 24.
H.R. 2498 (Hulshof)/S. 1076 (Lincoln)
Extends through December 31, 2010, the tax credit for biodiesel used as fuel
and the excise credits for biodiesel mixtures and biodiesel used to produce biodiesel
mixtures. House bill introduced May 19, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and
Means. Senate bill introduced May 19, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
H.R. 2665 (Engel)
Encourages the availability and use of motor vehicles that have improved fuel
efficiency, in order to reduce oil imports. Introduced May 26, 2005; referred to
Committee on Ways and Means, Committee on Financial Services, and Committee
on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 2744 (Bonilla)
Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related
Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006. Includes funding for USDA’s renewable energy
and energy efficiency programs. Committee on Appropriations reported (H.Rept.
109-102) June 2, 2005. Passed House, amended, June 8. Senate Committee on
Appropriations marked up June 21.
H.R. 2751 (Andrews)
FHA Energy Efficiency Act. Amends Section 526 of the National Housing Act
to provide that any certification of a property for meeting energy efficiency
requirements for mortgage insurance must be conducted by an individual certified by
an accredited home energy rating system provider. Introduced June 7, 2005; referred
to Committee on Financial Services.

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CRS-19
H.R. 2794 (R. Lewis)
Clean Energy Bonds Act of 2005. Establishes a nonrefundable tax credit to
holders of qualified bonds issued to finance certain clean energy projects. Qualified
borrowers include electric coops, governmental bodies, and the Tennessee Valley
Authority. Unused credits can be carried over for one year. Introduced June 8, 2005;
referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
H.R. 2828 (Inslee)
New Apollo Energy Act of 2005. Includes incentives for fuel-efficient vehicles,
including tax credits for the purchase of hybrid, alternative-fuel, low-emission
advanced diesel, and fuel-cell vehicles. Also, it provides $11.5 billion in tax credits
for the automotive and aerospace industries to develop new fuel efficient automobiles
and planes, retool existing plants, and construct new plants to manufacture
energy-efficient vehicles. Establishes an alternative fuel vehicle purchase
requirement for government agencies; tax credits for the installation of alternative
refueling properties and for the retail sale of alternative fuels; a renewable fuels
standard is set at 8 billion gallons by 2013; modifies the tax credit for qualified
electric vehicles; and creates loans for schools to buy high-efficiency vehicles. New
Apollo provides $49 billion in government loan guarantees for the construction of
clean-energy generation facilities that will produce power from wind, solar,
geothermal, biomass, oceans, coal with carbon-sequestration technology, and other
sources. Commits $10.5 billion to research-and-development and investment tax
credits for clean energy-producing operations. In addition, it includes a 10-year
extension of the current renewable energy production tax credit (PTC). Calls for
reductions in daily domestic oil consumption of 600,000 barrels a day by 2010;
1,700,000 barrels by 2015; and 3,000,000 barrels by 2020. Caps U.S. emissions of
greenhouse gases while allowing companies to purchase and trade credits among
themselves to ensure the most cost-effective reductions, and funds research to help
industries shift to cleaner operations. Further, provides $7 billion in loan guarantees
for the development of clean coal power plants. Funds new federal research into
advanced clean technologies, and creates a government-funded risk pool to help
start-up clean-energy companies commercialize their products. Establishes a
Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) requiring all utilities, by 2021, to produce 10%
of their electricity from renewable energy sources. Creates national net-metering and
interconnection standards for homeowners. Also, it includes provisions to make it
revenue-neutral, by reducing corporate tax shelters and loopholes, and by auctioning
some of the allowances under the carbon dioxide trading program. Introduced June
9, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means, Committee on Energy and
Commerce, and several other committees.
H.R. 2862 (Wolf)
Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act,
2006. Section 618 directs the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the
Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Small Business Administration to
certify that telecommuting opportunities have increased over the previous year.
Section 619 directs the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and
the National Science Foundation (NSF) to certify that telecommuting opportunities
are available to 100% of the eligible workforce. Without the above-noted
certification, the agencies risk forfeiting $5 million at the end of the fiscal year.
Reported (H.Rept. 109-118) June 10, 2005. Passed House, amended, June 16.

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Senate Bills (with House Companions)
S. 10 (Domenici)
Energy Policy Act of 2005. Section 102 sets a goal for 20% energy reduction
in federal facilities by 2015. Section 104 requires federal agency purchases of EPA
Energy Star and FEMP-designated products. Section 105 extends ESPCs through
2016. Section 123 authorizes funding to states for rebates to support the cost
premium for residential purchases of Energy Star products. Sections 135 and 136
establish energy efficiency standards for a variety of consumer products and
commercial equipment. Title I also sets out several energy efficiency provisions for
public housing. Title VII has provisions for hybrid, fuel cell, and electric vehicles;
and revises and extends some aspects of fuel economy standards. Title IX
reauthorizes DOE energy efficiency R&D programs. Section 1253 would, under
certain conditions, terminate PURPA cogeneration requirements. For renewables,
reauthorizes REPI and sets renewable fuels purchasing requirement for federal
agencies. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources reported (S.Rept. 109-121)
June 9, 2005. Incorporated into the Senate version of H.R. 6.
S. 35 (Conrad)
Extends the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) for facilities until
January 1, 2011. Introduced January 24, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 129 (Talent)/H.R. 325 (Graves)
Hybrid HOV Access Act. Allows energy-efficient and low-emission vehicles
to use HOV facilities. Senate bill introduced January 24, 2005; referred to
Committee on Environment and Public Works. House bill introduced January 25,
2005; referred to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.
S. 131 (Inhofe)
Clear Skies Act of 2005. Amends the Clean Air Act to reduce air pollution
through expansion of cap and trade programs. Section 413 preserves an energy
conservation and renewable energy reserve of 300,000 sulfur dioxide emission
reduction allowances, which could be used to help meet air pollution reduction
requirements. Introduced January 24, 2005; referred to Committee on Environment
and Public Works. Committee held markup March 9, 2005, but the bill failed to pass
Committee on a tie (9-9) vote.
S. 150 (Jeffords)
Clean Power Act of 2005. Requires the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) to (1) set regulations to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides,
carbon dioxide, and mercury from certain electric generation facilities by January 1,
2010; and (2) establish an emission allowance tracking and transfer system for these
emissions. Section 707 directs that up to 20% of allowances for reductions of sulfur
dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide can be obtained from energy efficiency
and renewable energy sources. Introduced January 25, 2005; referred to Committee
on Environment and Public Works.
S. 244 (Thomas)
Authorizes the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to extend, at the
request of the project licensee, the deadline for commencement of construction of

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hydroelectric project number 1651 in the State of Wyoming for three consecutive
two-year periods from the expiration of the extension originally issued by the
Commission. Introduced February 1, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources. Reported (S.Rept. 109-32) March 10.
S. 269 (Kerry)
Small Business and Farm Energy Emergency Relief Act of 2005. Section 3
makes loans available to small business to convert from heating fuel to alternative
energy sources that may include biowaste, geothermal energy, solar energy, wind
energy, and fuel cells. Introduced February 2, 2005; referred to Committee on Small
Business and Entrepreneurship.
S. 326 (Smith)/H.R. 622 (Bono)
Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI) Reform Act. Amends the
Energy Policy Act of 1992 to modify renewable energy production incentive payment
guidelines to provide that if there are insufficient appropriations to make full
payments for electric production from all qualified renewable energy facilities in any
given year, the Secretary of Energy shall assign 60% of appropriated funds for that
year to facilities that use solar, wind, geothermal, or closed-loop (dedicated energy
crops) biomass technologies to generate electricity, and assign the remaining 40% to
other projects. Redefines a qualified renewable energy facility as one (1) owned by
certain tax-exempt electricity-generating cooperatives, certain public utilities, a State,
territorial, or local governments or an Indian tribal government; and (2) which may
involve electricity generation by landfill gas. Extends through FY2015 the deadline
for first use of a facility eligible for incentive payments. Senate bill introduced
February 9, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. House
bill introduced February 8, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.
S. 373 (Harkin)
Renewable Hydrogen Passenger Vehicle Act of 2005. Amends the Farm
Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 to direct the Secretary of Energy, in
coordination with the Secretary of Agriculture, to conduct a three-year program to
develop and demonstrate the cost-effective operation of a fleet of at least 10 direct
hydrogen passenger vehicles based on existing commercial technology under which
the hydrogen is derived from ethanol or other domestic low-cost transportable
renewable feedstocks. Introduced February 14, 2005; referred to Committee on
Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 386 (Hagel)
Climate Change Technology Deployment in Developing Countries Act of 2005.
Section 2 includes cogeneration and renewable energy as eligible technologies for
demonstration projects that could help developing countries reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. Introduced February 15, 2005; referred to Committee on Foreign
Relations.
S. 387 (Hagel)
Climate Change Technology Tax Incentives Act of 2005. Section 201 expresses
the sense of the Senate that (1) the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC)
should be extended through 2010; and (2) the research investment tax credit should

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be increased and made permanent. Senate bill introduced February 15, 2005; referred
to Committee on Finance.
S. 388 (Hagel)
Climate Change Technology Deployment and Infrastructure Credit Act of 2005.
Credit-based financial incentives would be available to support demonstration
projects for cogeneration, renewable energy, and other “climate technologies.”
Introduced March 15, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 426 (Jeffords)
Electric Reliability Security Act of 2005. Contains several provisions to support
energy efficiency and renewable energy, including a system benefit fund (Section
201) to fund state energy efficiency and renewable energy programs, an energy
efficiency performance standard (Section 202) to reduce electricity demand by 10%
over 10 years, appliance efficiency standards (Section 203) for central air
conditioners and heat pumps, and loan guarantees (Section 204) for fuel cells,
combined heat and power (CHP), energy efficiency, and several types of renewables.
Also, Title III has a provision for net metering. Introduced February 17, 2005;
referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 427 (Jeffords)
Renewable Energy Investment Act of 2005. Creates a federal renewable
portfolio standard by amending the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 to
require retail electric suppliers to submit to the Secretary of Energy renewable energy
credits in an amount equal to the required annual percentage of the retail electric
supplier’s total amount of kilowatt-hours of non-hydropower electricity sold to retail
consumers during the previous calendar year (excluding incremental hydropower).
States that a renewable energy credit that is not used to satisfy the minimum
requirement for that year may be carried over for use within the next two years.
Specifies a schedule of the minimum percentage of renewable energy sources that
must be used to generate the total amount of non-hydropower electricity sold by each
retail electric supplier during a calendar year (excluding incremental hydropower).
Directs the Secretary to (1) establish a program to issue, monitor the sale or exchange
of, and track renewable energy credits; and (2) make funds available under this act
to State energy agencies for grant programs for renewable energy research and
development, and for loan guarantees to encourage construction of renewable energy
facilities. Introduced February 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources.
S. 436 (Akaka)
Directs the Secretary of Energy to assess the economic implications of the
dependence of the State of Hawaii on oil as its principal source of energy, including
the technical and economic feasibility of increasing the contribution of renewable
energy resources for generation of electricity, on an island-by-island basis; and the
technical and economic feasibility of using renewable energy sources (including
hydrogen) for ground, marine, and air transportation energy applications to displace
the use of refined petroleum products. Introduced February 17, 2005; referred to
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

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S. 502 (Coleman)
Rural Renaissance Act. Allows funds developed for a “Rural Renaissance Trust
Account” to be used for renewable energy projects on farms. Introduced March 3,
2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 542 (Dorgan)
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to (1) extend through 2010 the renewable
energy electricity production tax credit (PTC) for certain renewable resources (e.g.,
wind, biomass, poultry waste); (2) allow certain organizations, including tax-exempt
organizations, state and local governments, and Indian tribal governments, to sell
unused amounts of such tax credit. Introduced March 7, 2005; referred to Committee
on Finance.
S. 587 (Dayton)
Requires that automobiles and light trucks manufactured after model year 2006
be able to operate on a fuel mixture that is at least 85% ethanol. Introduced March
10; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
S. 606 (Thune)
Reliable Fuels Act. Sets a goal to increase ethanol (including ethanol derived
from cellulosic biomass) use from 3.8 billion gallons in 2006 to 6.0 billion gallons
in 2012. Introduced March 11, 2005; referred to Committee on Environment and
Public Works. Ordered to be reported, March 16, 2005.
S. 610 (Talent)/H.R. 36 (S. King)
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to revise the tax credit for biodiesel used as
fuel to include a credit for the production of agri-biodiesel fuel equal to 10 cents for
each gallon produced. Limits (1) the amount of qualified agri-biodiesel production
of a producer to 15 million gallons for any taxable year; and (2) eligible producers
to those with an annual productive capacity not exceeding 60 million gallons.
Revises the small ethanol producer tax credit to (1) expand the eligibility of small
ethanol producers for the credit; (2) exclude the credit from the definition of passive
activity credit; and (3) exclude credit amounts from inclusion in gross income.
Senate bill introduced March 11, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance. House
bill introduced January 4, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.
S. 650 (Lugar)/H.R. 1608 (Herseth)
Fuels Security Act of 2005. Section 101 increases the renewable fuel standard
(RFS) to 8 billion gallons by 2012. Section 102 directs federal agencies purchases
of gasoline to include 10% ethanol-blended gasoline within five years. It also directs
agencies’ purchases of diesel fuel to include 2% biodiesel in five years and 20%
biodiesel in 10 years. Senate bill introduced March 17, 2005; referred to the
Committee on Environment and Public Works. House bill introduced April 13,
2005; referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce.
S. 665 (Dorgan)
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Act of 2005. Authorizes $2.3 billion over
10 years for hydrogen supply R&D programs and $1.7 billion over 10 years for fuel
cell technology R&D programs. Further, over 10 years, it also authorizes $2.7 billion
for vehicle demonstration programs, $900 million for market transition programs,

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CRS-24
$225 million for federal procurement programs, and $55 million for regulatory
programs. Introduced March 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources.
S. 671 (Lieberman)/H.R. 1397 (N. Johnson)
Establishes an investment tax credit for fuel cell equipment purchased for
business and residential uses. The fuel cell must have a minimum capacity of 0.5
kilowatt (kw). The upper limit of the credit is $500 for each 0.5 kw, with a
maximum of 30% of the total fuel cell cost. Senate bill introduced March 17, 2005;
referred to Committee on Finance. House bill introduced March 17, 2005; referred
to Committee on Ways and Means.
S. 680 (Snowe)/H.R. 1834
Efficient Energy Through Certified Technologies and Electricity Reliability
(EFFECTER) Act of 2005. Section 101 creates an income tax deduction ($2.25 per
square foot maximum) for energy efficiency measures that reduce commercial
building energy use by 50% below the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration,
and Air Conditioning Equipment Association’s (ASHRAE’s) 90.1 industry energy
efficiency standard. Section 102 establishes an investment tax credit for energy
efficiency measures in new home construction that reduce energy use by 30%
($1,000 maximum) or by 50% ($2,000 maximum). Section 103 sets a tax deduction
for business use of solar hot water, photovoltaics, heat pumps (gas, electric, ground
source), furnaces, and boilers. It also creates a tax deduction ($6,000 maximum) for
such equipment used in residential rental properties that reduces energy use by 50%
(pro-rated for smaller energy reductions). Section 104 creates a nonbusiness tax
credit ($2,000 maximum) for equipment that reduces energy use by 50%. Section 105
establishes an investment tax credit available over four years to combined heat and
power (CHP or cogeneration) systems smaller than 15 megawatts (MW) that satisfy
certain efficiency standards. Section 201 sets energy efficiency test procedures and
standards for a variety of equipment and products. For battery chargers and external
power supplies, the Secretary of Energy has three years to determine whether
standards are needed. Further, standards (or requirements) are set for vending
machines, commercial refrigerators and freezers, illuminated exit signs, torchieres,
distribution transformers, traffic signal modules, unit heaters, compact fluorescent
light bulbs, ceiling fans, dehumidifiers, spray valves, and furnace fans. Section 202
directs the Secretary of Energy to issue a rulemaking that assesses effectiveness of
labeling requirements and a rulemaking to set labeling requirements for additional
consumer products (including distribution transformers). Section 203 sets test
procedures and standards for commercial package air conditioners and heating
equipment. Section 204 creates standards for commercial refrigerators and freezers.
Section 301 directs federal agencies to procure energy equipment designated by EPA
Energy Star and DOE Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), where it is
cost-effective. Section 302 permanently extends the authority for federal agencies
to enter energy saving performance contracts (ESPCs). Section 303 sets federal
building energy performance standards by updating the baseline from the 1992
Council of American Building Officials (CABO) to the 2003 International Energy
Conservation Code (IECC). Further, it directs the Secretary of Energy to require new
federal buildings to achieve a 30% energy reduction, provided it is cost-effective on
a life-cycle basis. Section 401 modifies the Public Housing Capital Fund to include
certain energy and water use efficiency improvements. Section 402 directs the

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Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to provide grants for certain
energy and water efficiency improvements to multifamily housing projects. Section
403 directs public housing agencies to purchase cost-effective Energy Star or FEMP-
designated appliances and products. Section 404 changes the energy efficiency
standards and codes for public housing from CABO to the 2003 International Energy
Conservation Code, where HUD finds it cost-effective. Senate bill introduced March
17, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance. House bill introduced April 26, 2005;
referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, and Financial
Services.
S. 715 (Harkin)
Wind Power Tax Incentives Act of 2005. Amends the Internal Revenue Code
to permit (1) individual taxpayers with adjusted gross incomes (taxable incomes in
the case of corporate taxpayers) of $1 million or less to offset passive activity losses
and credits from energy-producing wind facilities against regular income; and (2)
tax-exempt cooperative organizations (including farmers’ cooperatives) to apportion
pro rata among their shareholders tax credits received for investment in
energy-producing wind facilities. Introduced April 6, 2005; referred to Committee
on Finance.
S. 726 (Alexander)
Natural Gas Price Reduction Act of 2005. Section 101 authorizes funding for
an energy conservation public education initiative. Section 102 sets efficiency
standards, test procedures, and labeling requirements for several types of residential
and commercial equipment. Section 103 authorizes funding for distributed
generation, solar energy, and biomass technologies. Section 104 authorizes funding
to accelerate hydrogen and fuel cell development. Section 105 would, under certain
conditions, repeal PURPA Section 210 requirements for cogeneration and small
power facilities. Section 106 calls for a study of cogeneration and small power.
Section 108 directs states to consider requiring net metering services for electric
utility customers. Section 109 directs states to consider providing time-based
schedules and meters for customers. Section 113 provides financial incentives to
industry to encourage use of gasification equipment that uses biomass and other
fuels. Introduced April 6, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources.
S. 727 (Alexander)
Tax Incentives for the Natural Gas Price Reduction Act of 2005. Section 2
makes a 10% investment tax credit available over four years to combined heat and
power (CHP or cogeneration) systems smaller than 50 megawatts (MW) that satisfy
certain efficiency standards. Section 3 increases the investment tax credit for solar
energy equipment from 10% to 30% for five years. Also, it extends the renewable
energy production tax credit (PTC) for solar and geothermal energy for five years,
and establishes a 30% tax credit ($7,500 maximum) for residential solar heating
equipment. Section 4 has investment tax credits for residential solar (electric and
water heating, 15%), wind (15%), and fuel cell (20%) equipment. It also creates a
20% investment tax credit ($2,000 maximum) to homeowners for retrofits to existing
residential housing with energy efficient envelope components (insulation, windows,
roofs, heating equipment); and an equipment tax credit (maximum $2,000) to home
builders for envelope components that reduce home energy use by 30%. Section 4

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CRS-26
also provides a tax credit to manufacturers ($60 million maximum) for energy-
efficient clothes washers ($100 each) and refrigerators ($150 each). Further, Section
4 creates a tax deduction ($1.50 per square foot maximum) for energy efficient
equipment in commercial buildings that reduces energy use by 50%. Introduced
April 6, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 732 (Inhofe)/H.R. 3 (Young)
Transportation Equity Act. Section 1208 on High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV)
Lanes includes provisions for alternative-fueled vehicles and energy-efficient
vehicles. Section 3009 on Clean Fuels Formula Grant Program includes provisions
for biodiesel, alcohol fuels, and fuel cells. Section 5213 on Metropolitan Planning
directs that goals include energy conservation. Other provisions in the bill address
traffic congestion, intelligent transportation systems, bicycling and pedestrian issues,
and advanced vehicle technologies. House bill introduced February 9, 2005; referred
to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Reported (H.Rept. 109-12, Parts
I and II) March 8. Passed House, amended, March 10. Senate bill reported (S.Rept.
109-53) April 6. In lieu of S. 732, Senate passed its version of H.R. 3, amended,
May 17. House and Senate conferees appointed May 26.
S. 745 (Byrd)
International Clean Energy Deployment and Global Energy Markets Investment
Act of 2005. Amends the Global Environmental Protection Assistance Act of 1989
to promote clean energy technology deployment in developing countries. Directs the
President to establish a Task Force on International Clean Energy Cooperation.
Requires the Task Force to establish an Interagency Working Group on Clean Energy
Technology Exports. Establishes an Interagency Center in the Office of International
Energy Market Development of the Department of Energy to assist the Working
Group. Requires the Task Force to develop and submit to the President (who shall
submit to Congress) a Strategy to (1) support programs and policies in developing
countries that promote clean energy and energy efficiency technologies; (2) open and
expand clean energy technology markets and facilitate related exports to developing
countries; (3) integrate the promotion of clean energy technology deployment and
greenhouse gas emissions reduction in developing countries into U.S. foreign policy
objectives; (4) establish a pilot program that provides financial assistance for
qualifying projects; and (5) develop financial mechanisms and instruments that are
cost-effective and facilitate private capital investment in such technologies.
Authorizes the Secretary of State to provide assistance to developing countries for
activities consistent with the priorities established in the Strategy. Requires the
Secretary to establish a pilot program that provides financial assistance for qualifying
projects consistent with the Strategy and the performance criteria set forth in this act.
Requires host country contributions. Introduced April 11, 2005; referred to
Committee on Foreign Relations.
S. 808 (Durbin)
Conserve by Bicycling Program. Directs Department of Transportation (DOT)
to establish at least 10 pilot bicycling projects, cost-shared with state and local
governments, to demonstrate energy saving potential and other benefits. Introduced
April 14, 2005; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

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S. 836 (Cantwell)/H.R. 1103 (N. Johnson)
Fuel Economy Truth in Labeling Act of 2005. Directs the Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to revise certain Federal vehicle fuel
economy test procedures to take into consideration higher speed limits, faster
acceleration rates, variations in temperature, use of air conditioning, shorter city test
cycle lengths, and the use of other fuel depleting features. Senate bill introduced
April 14, 2005; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
House bill introduced March 3, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and
Commerce. Incorporated into H.R. 6 as floor amendment H.Amdt. 74 (as amended
by H.Amdt. 75).
S. 881 (Cantwell)/H.R. 1797 (McMorris)
Spokane Tribe of Indians of the Spokane Reservation Grand Coulee Dam
Equitable Compensation Settlement Act. Establishes in the Treasury the Spokane
Tribe of Indians Settlement Fund. Requires the payment of compensation to the
Spokane Business Council for the use of tribal lands for the generation of
hydropower from the Grand Coulee Dam. Requires the use of such funds, in part,
for a Cultural Resource Repository and Interpretive Center concerning the culture and
history of the Spokane Tribe. Directs the Administrator of the Bonneville Power
Administration to make specified settlement payments to the Spokane Tribe. Allows
payments made to the Spokane Business Council or Spokane Tribe to be used or
invested by the Business Council in the same manner and for the same purposes as
other Spokane Tribal governmental funds. Directs the Secretary of the Interior to
transfer administrative jurisdiction from the Bureau of Reclamation to the Bureau of
Indian Affairs over certain land located within the exterior boundaries of the Spokane
Indian Reservation and certain other land located on the south bank of the Spokane
River. Provides that payments by the Secretary and the Administrator and restoration
of ownership of land in trust constitute full satisfaction of the claim of the Spokane
Tribe to a fair share of the annual hydropower revenues generated by the Grand
Coulee Dam project for the past and continued use of land of the Spokane Tribe for
the production of hydropower at Grand Coulee Dam. House bill introduced April 21,
2005; referred to Committee on Resources. Ordered reported May 18. Senate bill
introduced April 21, 2005; referred to Committee on Indian Affairs.
S. 883 (Hagel)
Climate Change Technology Deployment in Developing Countries Act of 2005.
Directs the Department of State to lead an interagency effort to study and assist in
reducing greenhouse gas emission intensity in developing countries. Cogeneration,
renewables, and “low emission transportation” technologies are included. There is
a focus on supporting U.S. technology exports and on creating demonstration projects
in at least 10 countries. Introduced April 21, 2005; referred to Committee on Foreign
Relations.
S. 887 (Hagel)
Climate Change Technology Deployment and Infrastructure Credit Act of 2005.
Directs the Secretary of Energy to carry out activities that promote the adoption of
technologies that reduce greenhouse gas intensity and to provide credit-based
financial assistance and investment protection for projects that employ advanced
climate technologies or systems, and for other purposes. Includes renewable energy

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demonstration projects and financial incentives for energy efficiency. Introduced
April 21, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 889 (Feinstein)/H.R. 705 (Gilchrest)
Automobile Fuel Economy Act of 2005. Sets forth certain increased average
fuel economy standards for certain light trucks, automobiles (up to 10,000 pounds
gross vehicle weight), and certain classes of vehicles in the federal fleet that are
manufactured or purchased after specified dates. Senate bill introduced April 21,
2005; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. House bill
introduced February 9, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce and
Committee on Government Reform.
S. 890 (Sarbanes)
Transit in Parks Act. Provides for development of alternative transportation in
certain federally owned or managed areas that are open to the general public.
Introduced April 22, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 918 (Obama)
Provides for Flexible Fuel Vehicle (FFV) refueling capability at new and
existing refueling station facilities to promote energy security and reduction of
greenhouse gas emissions. Introduced April 27, 2005; referred to Committee on
Finance.
S. 962 (Grassley)
Clean Energy Bonds Act of 2005. Establishes a tax credit to holders of qualified
bonds issued to finance renewable energy projects. The bond would be available to
‘non-profit utilities,” including electric cooperatives, public power systems, and
municipal utilities. When a non-profit utility issues a clean energy bond, the federal
government pays a tax credit to the bondholder instead of the issuer paying interest.
The credit would be set at a value so there is zero interest cost to the issuer.
Technologies that are eligible for the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC)
would be eligible for the bond. Introduced April 28, 2005; referred to Committee on
Finance.
S. 971 (Hatch)
Clean Efficient Automobiles Resulting From Advanced Car Technologies
(CLEAR ACT) Act of 2005. Creates a tax credit for investment in alternative motor
vehicles, including qualified fuel cell, hybrid, and alternative fuel vehicles. Bases the
amount of such credit on criteria relating to vehicle weight and fuel efficiency.
Modifies the tax credit for qualified electric vehicles to remove the 10% limitation
and base the credit amount on criteria relating to vehicle weight, mileage, and
payload. Makes leased vehicles eligible for such credit. Extends such credit through
2010. Allows a tax credit for (1) 50 percent of expenditures for the installation of
qualified clean-fuel vehicle refueling property; and (2) retail sales of alternative fuels
as motor vehicle fuels. Directs the Comptroller General to undertake an ongoing
analysis of the effectiveness of the alternative motor vehicle and fuel incentives
provided by this act and to report to Congress on such study by December 31, 2006,
and annually thereafter. Introduced April 28, 2005; referred to Committee on
Finance.

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CRS-29
S. 1022 (Smith)
Resource Efficient Appliance Incentives Act of 2005. Establishes a business tax
credit for the production of certain water and energy efficient appliances (e.g.,
dishwashers, clothes washers, and refrigerators). Bases the amount of such credit on
specified energy and water efficiency ratings. Introduced May 12, 2005; referred to
Committee on Finance.
S. 1034 (Alexander)
Environmentally Responsible Windpower Act of 2005. Provides for local
control over the siting of wind machines, including prohibiting federal subsidies for
machines located within 20 miles of national monuments. Introduced May 13, 2005;
referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 1042 (Warner)/H.R. 1815 (Hunter)
National Defense Authorization Act for FY2006. Section 2402 authorizes
funding for energy conservation projects. House bill introduced April 26, 2005;
referred to Committee on Armed Services. Includes $50 million authorization.
Reported (H.Rept. 109-89) May 20. Passed House May 25. Senate bill introduced
May 12, 2005; referred to Committee on Armed Services. Includes $60 million
authorization. Reported (S.Rept. 109-69) May 17.
S. 1076 (Lincoln)/H.R. 2498 (Hulshof)
Extends through December 31, 2010, the tax credit for biodiesel used as fuel
and the excise credits for biodiesel mixtures and biodiesel used to produce biodiesel
mixtures. House bill introduced May 19, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and
Means. Senate bill introduced May 19, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1077 (Lincoln)
Establishes renewable liquid fuels tax credits. Section 1 establishes a 1.00 per
gallon five-year excise tax credit, through December 31, 2010. Section 2 establishes
a $1.00 per gallon income tax credit for five years, through December 31, 2010.
Introduced May 19, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1078 (Lincoln)
Landfill Gas-to-Energy Tax Credit Act. Section 2 extends the renewable energy
production tax credit (PTC) for trash combustion facilities for three years, through
December 31, 2008. Also, Section 3 changes the application of the tax credit for
nonconventional (“Section 29”) fuels. Introduced May 19, 2005; referred to
Committee on Finance.
S. 1079 (Lincoln)
Waste-to-Energy Tax Credit Act. Extends the renewable energy production tax
credit (PTC) for trash combustion facilities for three years, through December 31,
2008. Also, it changes the eligibility period from 10 years to seven. Introduced May
19, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1093 (Salazar)
Research and Development Investment Act. Section 2 authorizes $20 million
per year through 2025 for the Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI).
Section 3 extends the PTC for five years, through December 31, 2011. Section 4

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CRS-30
provides a 10% investment tax credit for residential solar and geothermal equipment.
Section 5 delays the phase-out of the tax incentives for qualified electric vehicles for
one year. Reauthorizes and revises the Renewable Energy Production Incentive
(REPI) program. Introduced May 20, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1151 (McCain)
Climate Stewardship and Innovation Act of 2005. Creates a market-driven
system of greenhouse gas tradeable allowances to support deployment of new climate
change-related technologies. Includes provisions for energy efficiency audits
(Section 545), deployment of biofuels and solar technologies (Section 471), and
reverse auctions for renewable electricity and energy efficiency (Section 491).
Introduced May 26, 2005; referred to Committee on Environment and Public Works.
S. 1156 (Hatch)
Section 1(a) sets a five-year eligibility period for certain open-loop biomass
facilities covered by the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC). Also, Section
1(b) extends the PTC for two years, through December 31, 2007. Introduced May
26, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1203 (Hagel)
Climate Change Technology Tax Incentives Act of 2005. Provides tax
incentives for the investment in greenhouse gas intensity reduction projects.
Introduced June 8, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1208 (Alexander)
Environmentally Responsible Windpower Act of 2005. Provides for local
control over the siting of wind machines, including prohibiting federal subsidies for
machines located within 20 miles of national monuments. Introduced June 9, 2005;
referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
S. 1210 (Harkin)
National Security and Bioenergy Investment Act of 2005. Provides for
research, development, demonstration, administrative support, and market
mechanisms for widespread deployment and commercialization of biobased fuels and
biobased products. Introduced June 9, 2005; referred to Committee on Agriculture,
Nutrition, and Forestry.
S. 1229 (Reid)
Renewable Energy Incentives Act. Section 2 extends the renewable energy
production tax credit (PTC) indefinitely. Further, full credit is given to all qualified
facilities. Also, the list of qualified facilities is expanded to include incremental
geothermal and hydropower production. Any qualified facility that adds a co-
production facility (which produces other, non-electric, forms of useful energy) is
made eligible for an additional credit of 0.25 cents/kwh. Introduced June 13, 2005;
referred to Committee on Finance.
S. 1232 (Lautenberg)
Fuels Security Act of 2005. Amends the Clean Air Act to increase production
and use of renewable fuel and to increase the nation’s energy independence. Section
101 sets a renewable fuels standard (RFS) of 8.25 billion gallons by 2013.
Introduced June 14, 2005; referred to Committee on Environment and Public Works.

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CRS-31
Congressional Hearings, Reports, and Documents
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Full Committee
Markup of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. Markup held April 5 and 6, 2005.
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/108/Markups/04062005markup1473.htm]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Committee Print of
the Energy Policy Act of 2005. Posted April 5, 2005.
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/108/energy_pdfs_2.htm]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy
and Water. FY2006 Budget Request for the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy (EERE) and other DOE Offices. Hearing held March
15, 2005.
[http://appropriations.senate.gov/hearmarkups/record.cfm?id=233443]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy
and Water Development, and Related Agencies. Department of Energy —
[FY2006 Budget Request for] Science, Nuclear Energy, and Renewable Energy.
Hearing held March 15, 2005.
[No hearing webcast has been posted to the web and no testimony has been published
yet.]
U.S. Congress. Joint Committee on Taxation. Description and Analysis of Certain
Federal Tax Provisions Expiring in 2005 and 2006. Report JCX-12-05. March
11, 2005. Part IIB of the report has a section (p. 51-60) on the renewable energy
production tax credit (PTC) entitled the “Credit for electricity produced from
certain renewable resources.” Also, Part IIA has a section (p. 20-34) on the
research and experimentation (R&E) tax credit.
[http://www.house.gov/jct/pubs05.html]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Power
Generation Resource Incentives & Diversity Standards. Hearing held March
8, 2005.
[http://energy.senate.gov/hearings/witnesslist.cfm?id=1403]
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Department
of Energy Budget. Hearing held March 3, 2005.
[http://energy.senate.gov/hearings/witnesslist.cfm?id=1370]
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on
Energy and Air Quality. The Energy Policy Act of 2005: Ensuring Jobs for Our
Future with Secure and Reliable Energy. Hearings held February 9, 10, and 16,
2005.
[http://energycommerce.house.gov/108/Hearings/02102005hearing1428/hearing.htm]

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CRS-32
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Improving the Nation’s Energy
Security: Can Cars and Trucks Be Made More Fuel Efficient? Hearing held
February 9, 2005.
[http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/full05/feb9/February92005.htm]
(Many hearings on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy held in the 108th
Congress are listed on the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
website at [http://www.eere.energy.gov/office_eere/congressional_test.html].)
CRS Reports
CRS Issue Brief IB10020. Energy Efficiency: Budget, Oil Conservation, and
Electricity Conservation Issues, by Fred Sissine.
CRS Issue Brief IB10041. Renewable Energy: Tax Credit, Budget, and Electricity
Production Issues, by Fred Sissine.
CRS Report RL31127. Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation Legislation in
the 107th Congress, by Fred Sissine.
CRS Report RL31044. Renewable Energy Legislation in the 107th Congress, by Fred
Sissine.

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