Order Code RS22050
June 16, 2005
CRS Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
FY2006 Appropriations for State and Local
Homeland Security
Shawn Reese
Analyst in American National Government
Government and Finance Division
Summary
In the FY2006 budget request, the Administration proposes roughly $3.36 billion
for state and local homeland security assistance programs. This is $250 million less than
these programs were appropriated in FY2005 ($3.61 billion). The Administration
proposes to combine the Law Enforcement Terrorism Prevention Program (appropriated
$400 million) with the State Homeland Security Grant Program and the Urban Area
Security Initiative. It also arguably proposes to transfer five Urban Area Security
Initiative sub-grants (rail, port, intercity bus, trucking industry, and non-governmental
security grants) to a new Targeted Infrastructure Protection Program. Additionally, the
Administration proposes to change the current formula used to allocate State Homeland
Security Grant Program funds to states and localities. H.R. 2360 proposes $3.19 for
state and local homeland security assistance programs, this is $425 million less than
these programs were appropriated in FY2005. This report discusses these changes.
The report will be updated as circumstances warrant.
This report is a preliminary overview of the Administration’s FY2006 budget request
and Congress’ proposed appropriations for selected programs of homeland security
assistance to state and local first responders: firefighters, emergency medical personnel,
law enforcement officers, etc. The report also describes proposed changes in the
administrative arrangements through which this homeland security assistance would be
allocated to state and local governments.
The report does not cover public safety and preparedness assistance programs.1 It
covers only programs that are intended to help state and local recipients enhance their
1 Programs not covered include general assistance grant programs that are authorized for a broad
range of public safety activities, such as the Local Law Enforcement Block Grant, the Byrne
Memorial Formula Grant, and Community-Oriented Policing Services. Nor does this report track
appropriations for bioterrorism preparedness and National Guard funding.
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

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preparedness for terrorist attacks and that are administered by the Office for Domestic
Preparedness (ODP), within the Office for State and Local Government Coordination and
Preparedness (SLGCP):
! State Homeland Security Grant Program (SHSGP);
! Targeted Infrastructure Protection Program (TIPP) — a new proposal;
! Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI);
! Assistance to Firefighters (FIRE);
! Emergency Management Performance Grants (EMPG); and
! Citizen Corps Programs (CCP).
Although these programs are not the only federal homeland security assistance
available to state and local governments, their aggregate FY2005 appropriation of roughly
$3.59 billion suggests the level of importance Congress has assigned to enhancing the
preparedness of state and local first responders to deal with terrorist attacks.
Administrative Changes. The Administration’s budget request proposes to make
the following changes to the federal homeland security assistance administered by ODP:
(1) merging the Law Enforcement Terrorism Prevention Program (LETPP) activities
into the State Homeland Security Grant Program and the Urban Area Security Initiative,
however the House does not agree with the merge and proposes to appropriate $400
million for LETPP;
(2) transferring five Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI) sub-grants to a new
Targeted Infrastructure Protection Program (TIPP); the House does not propose a new
TIPP, it proposes to appropriate funding for infrastructure protection through UASI; and
(3) changing the formula used to allocate State Homeland Security Grant Program
funds to states and localities, and the House proposes changing the formula.
Law Enforcement Terrorism Prevention. In the FY2006 budget request, the
Administration provides no line item funding for the Law Enforcement Terrorism
Prevention Program (LETTP). It proposes, however, to direct states and localities to
allocate no less than 20% of State Homeland Security Grant Program (SHSGP) and Urban
Area Security Initiative (UASI) funding for LETTP activities.2 Apparently, this is a
reduction in funding for both of these grant programs.
In FY2005, Congress appropriated $1.1 billion for SHSGP, and states and localities
were authorized to use this funding for homeland security equipment, training, exercises,
and planning.3 By requiring states and localities to allocate no less than 20% ($204
million) of the FY2006 budget request amount of $1.02 billion for SHSGP for LETPP
activities, the Administration proposes that ODP allocate $816 million to states and
localities for homeland security equipment, training, exercises, and planning. This is
$284 million less than the FY2005 appropriated amount for SHSGP. In FY2005,
2 U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Fiscal Year 2006 Budget for the United States
Government (Washington: GPO, Feb. 2005), Appendix, p. 478.
3 P.L. 108-334 (FY2005 DHS appropriations).

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Congress appropriated $860 million for UASI high-threat, high-risk urban areas for
homeland security equipment, training, exercises, and planning.4 By requiring high-
threat, high-risk urban areas to allocate no less than 20% ($204 million) of the FY2006
budget request amount of $1.02 billion for UASI for LETPP activities, the Administration
proposes that ODP allocate $816 million to high-threat, high-risk urban areas for
homeland security equipment, training, exercises, and planning. This is $44 million less
than the FY2005 appropriated amount for UASI.
H.R. 2360, passed by the House on May 17, 2005, does not propose to merge LETPP
activities with SHSGP and UASI. It proposes to keep LETPP a separate program and
proposes an appropriation of $400 for FY2006.5
Targeted Infrastructure Protection. The Administration proposes the
establishment of a new state and local homeland security assistance program, the Targeted
Infrastructure Protection Program (TIPP), and requests $600 million for the program.
TIPP would provide funding to enhance the security of port, transit systems, and other
infrastructure, as determined by the DHS Secretary. Part of the TIPP funds — $50
million — would be used for implementing buffer zone protection plans.6
Because the Administration did not request funding for port, rail, intercity bus,
trucking industry, and non-governmental organization security programs in the FY2006
budget request, one could argue that TIPP is intended to replace these UASI sub-grants.
TIPP would allow the DHS Secretary to determine which states and localities would
receive funding for targeted infrastructure protection.
H.R. 2360 does not propose a new targeted infrastructure program, instead it
proposes to fund infrastructure security in a similar manner as in FY2005; as part of UASI
program activities. H.R. 2360 proposes to appropriate $365 million for infrastructure
protection.7
Proposed Formula Changes.8 The Administration proposes to change the
formula for ODP’s State Homeland Security Grant Program (SHSGP). The FY2006
budget request proposes $1.02 billion for SHSGP to be allocated based on risks, threats,
vulnerabilities, and unmet first responder capabilities, provided each state and territory
is allocated no less than 0.25% of total funds appropriated for this program. Additionally,
the Administration does not request funding for the Law Enforcement Terrorism
4 Ibid.
5 H.R. 2360, Title III.
6 Fiscal Year 2006 Budget for the United States Government, Appendix, p. 478.
7 H.R. 2360, Title III.
8 At this time, four bills have been introduced in the 109th Congress that propose to change the
formula that allocates federal homeland security assistance to states and localities: H.R. 91; H.R.
228; S. 21; and S. 140.

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Prevention Program (LETPP), but it proposes that 20% of SHSGP and UASI funding be
used for LETPP activities.9
Citizen Corps Programs (CCP), and the Emergency Management Performance
Grants (EMPG) would continue to be allocated based on Section 1014 of the USA
PATRIOT Act (P.L. 107-56), which guarantees each state a minimum of 0.75% of total
appropriated funds for these programs.10 There is no proposed formula change for UASI,
except that 20% of total appropriations would be used for law enforcement terrorism
prevention activities. Additionally, there is no proposed formula change for the
Assistance to Firefighters Program (FIRE); however, the Administration proposes that
FIRE applications to enhance terrorism response capabilities be given priority.11
The report accompanying H.R. 2360 (H.Rept. 109-79) directs ODP to allocate
funding to states based on Section 1014 of the USA PATRIOT Act (P.L. 107-56),
however, the remainder of total appropriations is to be allocated on ODP assessed threats
and risks to states. Additionally, it requires ODP to brief Congress on the state threat and
risk assessments, and the process of determining unmet state preparedness needs.12
9 Fiscal Year 2006 Budget for the United States Government, Appendix, p. 478.
10 Ibid.
11 Ibid., p. 480.
12 H.Rept. 109-79, H.R. 2360.

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Table 1. FY2005 Appropriations and FY2006 Budget Request for
State and Local Homeland Security Assistance
(All amounts in millions)
FY2006
FY2006
SLGCP
FY2005
Budget
Passed by
Program
Appropriations
Request
House
State Homeland Security
$1,100
$1,020A
$750
equipment, training, exercises, planning
[$1,100]
[$816]
[$750]
law enforcement terrorism prevention
—
[$204]
—
Targeted Infrastructure Protection
—
$600B
—
Urban Area Security Initiative
$1,200
$1,020C
$1,215
High-threat, high-risk urban areas
[$860]
[$816]
[$850]
(equipment, training, exercises, planning)
High-threat, high-risk urban areas
—
[$204]
—
(law enforcement terrorism prevention)
Port Security
[$150]
—
[$150]
Rail Security
[$150]
—
[$150]
Trucking Industry Security
[$5]
—
[$5]
Intercity Bus Security
[$10]
—
[$10]
Non-governmental Organizations Security
[$25]
—
—
Buffer Zone Protection
—
—
[$50]
Law Enforcement Terrorism Prevention
$400
[$408]D
$400
Assistance to Firefighters
$715
$500
$600
Emergency Management Performance
$180
$170 E
$180
Grants
Citizen Corps
$15
$50 F
$40
State and Local Homeland Security Total
$3,610
$3,360
$3,185
Source: P.L. 108-334 (FY2005 DHS appropriations); U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Fiscal Year
2006 Budget of the United States Government (Washington: GPO,Feb. 2005), Appendix, pp. 478-480; and
H.R. 2360 (FY2006 DHS appropriations).
A. This amount to be allocated on risks, threats, vulnerabilities, and unmet first responder capabilities as
determined by the DHS Secretary, provided that each state and territory receives no less than 0.25% of
funds appropriated for this program. Additionally, 20% of this amount is to be used for law enforcement
terrorism prevention activities.
B. This amount to be allocated at the discretion of the DHS Secretary and is for assistance in securing ports,
transit systems, and other infrastructure determined by the DHS Secretary. Additionally, $50 million is to
be used for buffer zone protection plans.
C. This amount to be allocated to high-threat, high-risk urban areas at the discretion of the DHS Secretary
based on risks, threats, vulnerabilities, and unmet first responder capabilities.

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D. This amount is 20% of the $1.02 billion requested for the State Homeland Security Grant Program and
the $1.02 billion for the Urban Area Security Initiative for law enforcement terrorism prevention activities.
E. This amount is to be allocated based on P.L. 107-56, Section 1014, which guarantees each state a
minimum of 0.75% of total appropriated funds.
F. Ibid.

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