Order Code IB10129
CRS Issue Brief for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
Federal Research and Development
Funding: FY2005
Updated October 15, 2004
Michael E. Davey, Coordinator
Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

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CONTENTS
SUMMARY
MOST RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
BACKGROUND AND ANALYSIS
Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Department of Energy (DOE)
Department of Defense (DOD)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
National Science Foundation (NSF)
Department of Commerce (DOC)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Department of Transportation (DOT)
Department of the Interior (DOI)
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

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Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2005
SUMMARY
The Bush Administration requested
from the bill.
$131.9 billion in federal research and
development (R&D) funding for FY2005.
Of the remaining appropriations bills
This is $5.9 billion above the estimated $126
that the House acted on, NIH is the only
billion that was appropriated for federal R&D
agency that would receive an increase in
in FY2004. The President’s R&D request
FY2005. The House passed bill (H.R. 5006)
mirrors recent past proposals with large in-
essentially matched the President’s proposed
creases for defense and homeland security
3% increase or $28.607 billion request for NIH,
R&D, while the remaining agencies are pro-
while the Senate Appropriations Committee (S.
posed to receive modest increases or reduc-
2810) approved $29.037 billion. The House
tions in their respective research programs. All
Appropriations Committee markup of the
FY2004 civilian R&D funding figures include
VA/HUD/IA bill (H.R. 5041) eliminates most
required rescissions.
of the R&D associated with President’s space
exploration initiative. The Committee also cut
For FY2005, total defense R&D (the sum
NSF’s FY2005 proposed budget by $300
of the Department of Defense’s (DOD) R&D
million, 2% below FY2004 levels. The Senate
programs and the Department of Energy’s
NSF bill (S. 2825)matches the Presidents’
(DOE) defense-related R&D activities) is
proposed 2.9% increase for NSF. The
proposed to increase 6.4% to $74.2 billion,
Commerce/Justice/State Appropriations bill
while civilian R&D would increase 2.7% to
(H.R. 4754) would cut NIST research programs
$57.7 billion. For FY2005, defense R&D
by 14%, including ending federal support for
would account for 56% of all federal R&D
the Advanced Technology Program (ATP). The
expenditures, while civilian R&D would
House bill would also reduce NOAA’s R&D
account for 44%.
budget 11% below FY2004 levels. The Senate
NIST bill (S. 2809) would restore funding for
The House has passed 12 of its appropri-
ATP. The House-passed Energy bill (H.R.
ations bills and the Senate six. Congress has
4614, H.Rept. 108-554) proposes to reduce
passed four appropriations bills, but only two
funding for Energy Supply R&D 4.5% below
of the bills, Defense and Homeland Security,
FY2004 levels. The House bill would increase
have R&D programs. Congress approved a
funding for DOE’s basic science programs
record $69.853 billion for DOD’s RDT&E
2.8% above FY2004 levels. The Senate has not
program, including a 10.4% increase for
taken any action on its Energy appropriations
DOD’s S&T programs (P.L.08-287).Congress
bill.
approved a 26% increase for DHS’s R&D
programs (H.Rept. 108-774). The House
Based on current actions, CRS estimates
passed USDA bill (H.R. 4766) would increase
that the House has approved $130.527 billion
agricultural research 4.2% over FY2004.
for Federal R&D spending in FY2005, a 3.7%
However most of the increases are the related
increase over FY2004.
to earmarks that USDA requested be removed
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

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MOST RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
On September 29, Congress approved H.J.Res. 107, (P.L. 108-309) that provides
funding for those agencies lacking enacted FY2005 appropriations bills through November
20, 2004. The Bush Administration requested $131.5 billion in federal research and
development funding for FY2005. This is $5.9 billion, or 4.7% above the estimated $126
billion that was appropriated for federal R&D in FY2004. Congress has completed work on
four appropriations bills, approving a record $69.853 billion for defense RDT&E, an increase
of $5 billion over FY2004 estimated levels. (P.L. 108-287)
BACKGROUND AND ANALYSIS
Department of Agriculture (USDA)
The FY2005 budget request for research and education in the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA) is $2,435 million, a 2.6% decrease ($65.3 million) from the FY2004
level of $2,500.3 million (see Table 1). The FY2005 request provides support for several
continuing research priority areas: new uses for agricultural products, global climate change,
agricultural genomes, biosecurity, agricultural information services, and homeland security
supplemental. Other priority areas include competitive research for fundamental and applied
sciences in agriculture, and advancing agricultural genomic research. The FY2005 budget
request supports programs on emerging and exotic diseases as part of the infrastructure to
enhance homeland security. The USDA is concerned with training and educating the next
generation of agricultural scientists and supporting core university-based research. Increased
funding is provided to several higher education programs.
The USDA conducts in-house basic and applied research. The Agricultural Research
Service (ARS) is the lead federal agency for nutrition research, operating five major
laboratories in this area, including the world’s large multi-disciplinary agricultural research
center located at Beltsville, Maryland. ARS laboratories focus on efficient food and fiber
production, preservation of genetic resources, development of new products and uses for
agricultural commodities, development of effective biocontrols for pest management, and
support of USDA regulatory and technical assistance programs. The FY2005 request
provides $1,189 million for ARS, $19.7 million above the FY2004 estimate. Reductions
are proposed in all projects earmarked by Congress in order to finance high priority program
increases. The FY2005 request proposes a $3.5 million increase for animal genomics and
an increase of $8.3 million for emerging diseases and biosecurity. There is also an increase
proposed for information technology cyber security and animal waste related problems. The
ARS reports that the majority of its facilities are functionally obsolete. The FY2005 request
for ARS includes $23 million for buildings and facilities.
The Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES)
distributes funds to State Agricultural Experiment Stations, State Cooperative Extension
Systems, land-grant universities, and other institutions and organizations that conduct
agricultural research. Included in these partnerships is funding for research at the 1862
institutions, 1890 historically black colleges and universities, and 1994 tribal land-grant
colleges. Funding is distributed to the states through competitive awards, statutory formula
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funding, and special grants. The FY2005 request for CSREES is $1,028 million, a decrease
of $104 million from FY2004. Funding for formula distribution in FY2005 to the State
Agricultural Experiment Stations (and other eligible institutions) would be $275.9 million,
a $1.8 million below FY2004. The request proposes a slight increase for the 1890 formula
programs. The FY2005 request funds the National Research Initiative (NRI) Competitive
Grants Program at $180 million, $16 million above the FY2004 estimate.
Table 1. U.S. Department of Agriculture
($ in millions)
FY2004
FY2005
FY2005
FY2005
Estimate
Request
H.R. 4766
S. 2803
Agric. Research Service (ARS)
Product Quality/Value Added
$108.4
$99.4
Livestock Production
96.7
79.9
Crop Production
180.8
153.9
Food Safety
95.4
90.1
Livestock Protection
65.5
60.5
Crop Protection
178.3
151.7
Human Nutrition
81.5
80.5
Environmental Stewardship
216.3
182.1
National Agricultural Library
20.9
22.4
Funds for Homeland Security
20.8
49.0
Repair & Maintenance
18.1
18.1
Subtotal
1,082.5
987.6
1,057.0
1,090.3
Buildings & Facilities
63.8
178.0
202.0
172.8
Trust Funds
23.0
23.0
0.0
0.0
Total, ARSa
1,169.3
1,189.0
1,259.0
1,263.1
Coop. St. Res. Ed. & Ext. (CSREES) Research and Education
Hatch Act Formula
179.1
180.1
180.6
180.1
Cooperative Forestry Research
21.8
21.8
22.4
23.0
1890 Colleges and Tuskegee Univ.
35.8
36.0
37.0
36.0
Special Research Grants
110.7
3.3
15.8
108.7
NRI Competitive Grants
164.0
180.0
180.0
183.0
Animal Health & Disease Res.
4.5
5.1
5.1
5.1
Federal Administration
37.5
7.5
42.6
44.2
Higher Educationb
41.4
52.8
61.1
26.8
Total, Coop. Res. & Educ.c
618.4
516.0
628.6
628.5
Extension Activities
Smith-Lever Sections 3b&c
277.7
275.9
277.2
277.7
Smith-Lever Sections 3d
80.6
83.4
87.3
83.9
Renewable Resources Extension
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.1
1890 Research & Extension
31.7
32.1
33.1
32.1
Other Extension Prog. & Admin.
36.0
25.7
38.6
45.3
Total, Extension Activitiesc
440.1
421.2
440.3
443.1
Total, CSREESc
1,132.0 1,028.0
1,135.2
1,071.6
Economic Research Service
71.0
80.0
76.6
75.3
National Agric. Statistics Service
128.0
138.0
128.7
130.3
TOTAL, Research, Education &
Economics
$2,500.3
$2,435.0
$2,599.5
$2,540.3
a. The total for ARS excludes trust funds and support for Counter-Drug Research and Development and for
Anti-Drug Research and Related Matters. Program levels in the House-passed version are not available.
b. Higher education includes payments to 1994 institutions and 1890 Capacity Building Grants program.
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c. Program totals may reflect set-asides (non-add) or contingencies. Includes support for integrative activities
(which have both research and extension components).
The Economic Research Service (ERS) is the principal intramural economic and social
science research agency in USDA. The request for ERS in FY2005 is $80 million, a $9
million increase over the previous fiscal year. The majority of the increase will support a
consumer data and information system, with the remaining funds directed at pay costs. The
National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) conducts the Census of Agriculture and
provides current data on agricultural production and indicators of the farm sector. The
FY2005 request is $138 million, $10 million above the FY2004 level. Funding will support
Presidential and Department e-Government initiatives. NASS will continue the development
of the USDA Enterprise Architecture and the USDA Enablers initiatives.
On July 13, 2004, the House passed H.R. 4766, H.Rept. 108-584, Department of
Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriation Bill, FY2005. The measure provides a total
of $2,599.5 million for research and education in USDA, $164.5 million (6.8%) above the
Administration’s request, and $99.2 (4%) million above the FY2004 estimate. The Senate
reported its version, S. 2803, S.Rept. 108-340, on September 14. The Senate measure
provides $2,540.3 million in FY2005, $105.3 million (4.3%) above the request, and $40.3
million (1.6%) above the FY2004 level. (CRS Contact: Christine Matthews)
Department of Energy (DOE)
For FY2005, DOE has requested $8.6 billion for R&D, including activities in each of
the department’s four business lines: Science, National Security, Energy Supply, and
Environmental Quality. This request is 2% below the FY2004 level. (See Table 2).
The requested funding for Science is $3.4 billion, a 2% decrease from FY2004.
Increases are requested for all Science programs except Biological and Environmental
Research, which received approximately $140 million in FY2004 as congressionally directed
funding for specific projects. The Administration notes that if this $140 million were set
aside, the FY2005 request would be an increase of 2% rather than a decrease. The House
provided more than requested for each Science program, including a $70 million increase for
Biological and Environmental Research and a $30 million increase for Advanced Scientific
Computing Research.
The requested funding for R&D in National Security is $3.3 billion, almost the same
as the FY2004 appropriation.1 The Naval Reactors program, which last year began
development of a new nuclear reactor design for future navy ships, would increase by 5%.
The House made several adjustments to R&D activities in the Weapons Activities account,
most notably the elimination of requested funds for the Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator and
other advanced nuclear weapon concepts.
1 This does not include National Security R&D activities in subprograms devoted to specific nuclear
weapon systems, because detailed funding schedules that identify the R&D portion of those activities
are classified. See notes to Table 2.
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The requested funding for R&D in Energy Supply is $1.7 billion, down 6% from
FY2004. Within this total, Energy Conservation R&D would be reduced by 10%, primarily
to make increased funding available for weatherization assistance grants, and Nuclear Energy
R&D would be reduced by 26%, primarily in the area of advanced fuel cycle technologies.
The House restored funding for Energy Conservation R&D and Nuclear Energy R&D to
approximately the FY2004 levels, while reducing Renewable Energy, especially hydrogen-
related R&D, by $31.6 million, and reducing Fossil Energy R&D by $33.9 million. The
Senate partially restored funding for Energy Conservation R&D, but still provided $26.4
million less than the FY2004 level. The Senate reduced Fossil Energy R&D by $93.3
million, with a reduction of $219.0 million (92%) in FutureGen partially offset by increases
in several other fossil energy programs. The goal of FutureGen is technology that
co-produces electricity and hydrogen from coal with essentially zero emissions.
The requested funding for R&D in Environmental Quality is $60 million. This is a 9%
reduction from FY2004, following two years of reductions in excess of 40% that resulted
from a reorientation of the program. The House provided $22.5 million more than the
request, designating the additional funds for evaluation of advanced remediation technologies
available in the private sector. (CRS Contact: Daniel Morgan.)
Table 2. Department of Energy
($ millions)
FY2004
FY2005
FY2005
FY2005
Estimate a
Request
House b
Senate b
National Security
3,264.5
3,263.5
3,188.4
Weapons Activities c
2,270.6
2,245.6
2139.0
Naval Reactors
761.9
797.9
807.9
Nonprolif. & Verific. R&D
232.0
220.0
241.5
Science
3,500.2
3,431.7
3,600.0
Basic Energy Sciences
1,010.6
1,063.5
1,076.5
High Energy Physics
733.6
737.4
753.4
Biological & Envtl. Research
641.5
501.6
571.6
Nuclear Physics
389.6
401.0
415.0
Fusion Energy Sciences
262.6
264.1
276.1
Advanced Sci. Computing
202.3
204.3
234.3
Other
260.0
259.8
273.1
Energy Supply
1,836.7
1,726.2
1754.3
Energy Conservation R&D
606.9
543.9
611.0
580.5
Fossil Energy R&D
672.8
635.8
601.9
542.5
Renewable Energy
357.5
374.8
343.2
Elec. Transm. & Distrib. R&D
69.5
75.7
75.7 d
Nuclear Energy R&D
130.0
96.0
122.5
Environmental Quality
66.1
60.1
82.6
Technology Devel. & Deploy.
66.1
60.1
82.6
Total
8,666.5
8481.5
8,625.3
a. Figures for FY2004 are adjusted to reflect program transfers, reprogramming of funds by the Department,
and rescissions and additional appropriations made by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2004 (P.L.
108-199).
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b. DOE programs are funded in two appropriations bills: Energy and Water (H.R. 4614, H.Rept. 108-554; bill
not yet reported by the Senate Appropriations Committee) and Interior (H.R. 4568, H.Rept. 108-542; S.
2804, S.Rept. 108-341).
c. Includes Stockpile Services R&D Certification and Safety, Stockpile Services Advanced Concepts, Stockpile
Services Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator R&D, Science Campaigns, Engineering Campaigns except
Enhanced Surety and Enhanced Surveillance, Inertial Confinement Fusion, Advanced Simulation and
Computing, and a prorated share of Readiness in Technical Base and Facilities. Additional R&D
activities may take place in the subprograms of Directed Stockpile Work that are devoted to specific
weapon systems, but these funds are not included in the table because detailed funding schedules for those
subprograms are classified.
d. Includes funds requested for Electricity Transmission and Distribution R&D that the House provided under
Energy Assurance in the Other Defense Activities account.
Department of Defense (DOD)
Nearly all of what the Department of Defense spends on Research, Development, Test
and Evaluation (RDT&E) is appropriated in Title IV of the defense appropriation bill (see
Table 3). For FY2005, the Bush Administration originally requested $68.9 billion for Title
IV RDT&E. This was later reduced to $67.8 billion after the Army decided to terminate its
Comanche helicopter development program. The amended request is $3.3 billion above the
amount made available in Title IV dollars for FY2004. The five-year budget plan estimates
$352.9 billion for RDT&E through FY2009. This is about $20.5 billion more than what the
Administration budgeted for RDT&E in FY2004. RDT&E funds are also requested as part
of the Defense Health Program ($72 million) and the Chemical Agents and Munitions
Destruction Program ($154 million).
While the FY2005 RDT&E request would boost RDT&E funding overall, the proposed
increases are focused on development activities. Basic research and applied research are
proposed at levels below FY2004 funding in absolute terms, declining 5% and 12%
respectively. The decline is greater when factoring in inflation. Over half of DOD’s basic
research budget is spent at universities and represents the major contributor of funds in some
areas of science and technology. Much of the support of research at DOD laboratories comes
from applied research accounts. The S&T funding request, which consists of basic and
applied research and advanced development (6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 activities in the RDT&E
account) is 2.6% of the overall Department of Defense budget request of $401.7 billion. This
is below the 3% target that both the Bush Administration and Congress have set. The budget
request for Missile Defense RDT&E was $9.1 billion (an increase of $1.5 billion over the
amount available for Missile Defense in FY2004). The budget request for the Defense
Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) was $3.1 billion, an increase of about $300
million.
The House passed its appropriation bill (H.R. 4613) on June 22. The House
appropriated $68.9 billion for Title IV RDT&E, $12.8 billion of which would go toward
S&T. The S&T appropriation represents 3.1% of the total Department’s appropriation. The
House also appropriated $8.7 billion for missile defense, about $400 million below what the
administration requested. DARPA received $3.2 billion in appropriations. The House
appropriated $446 million in RDT&E for the Defense Health Program (including $150
million for breast cancer research and $85 million for prostrate cancer research), and $154
million in RDT&E for the Chemical Agents and Munitions Demilitarization program.
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The Senate Appropriation Committee passed its appropriation bill (S. 2559) on June 23.
The Committee recommended an appropriation of $68.5 billion for Title IV RDT&E, this
includes a general reduction of $250 million to be made in advisory and assistance services
for the Army and defense agencies, but not RDT&E’s share of a general reduction to made
associated with improved economic assumptions. The Committee recommended an
appropriation of $12.2 billion for S&T. The S&T amount represents 2.9% of the
department’s total appropriation recommended by the Committee. The Committee
recommended $9.2 billion for missile defense, $399 million for RDT&E within the Defense
Health Program, and $206 million for RDT&E in the Chemical Agents and Munitions
Destruction Program. The House approved and the Senate Appropriation Committee
recommended increasing the administration’s basic research request by $1 billion, an
increase of approximately $80 million above what was appropriated last year.
Table 3. Department of Defense
($ millions)
House
Senate
FY2004
FY2005
Conf.
Apprn.
Apprn.f
Estimate
Requeste
(P.L. 108-287)
(H.R. 4613)
(S. 2559)
Accounts
Army
10,201 9,266
10,220
10,259g 10,695
Navy
14,969 16,346
16,532
16,748 17,033
Air Force
20,294
21,115
21,034
21,002
20,887
Defense Agencies
18,927
20,740
20,851
20,205g 20,923
(DARPA)
(2,831)
(3,090)
(3,163)
(2,849)
(3,042)
(MDAa)
(7,625)
(9,147)
(8,689)
(9,162)
(8,969)
Dir. Test & Eval
302
305
309
305
315
Total Ob. Auth.
$64,693
$67,772
$68,946
$68,519
$69,853h
Budget Activity
Basic Research
1,404
1,330
1,486
1,478
1,513
Applied Res.
4,423
3,878
4,652
4,563
4,948
Advanced Dev.
6,254
5,343
6,653
6,167
6,881
Advanced Component
13,306
15,355 14,771
14,934 15,157
Dev. and Prototypes
Systems Dev. and Demo
15,902
18,061
17,362
17,795
17,500
Mgmt. Supportb
3,278
3,261 3,440
3,345 3,511
Op. Systems Dev.c
20,126
20,545 20,582
20,486 20,652
Adjustments
financial info. systems
advisory/assist. services
-250
economic assumptions
info tech cost growth
-78
mgmt improvements
-211
anticipated set-asides
-350
Total Ob. Auth.d
$64,693
$67,773 $68,946
$68,519g $69,293
Other Defense Programs

Defense Health Program
486
72
446
399
507
Chemical Agents and
Munitions Destruction
241
154
154
206
205
Source: Figures based on Department of Defense Budget, Fiscal Year 2005 RDT&E Programs
(R-1), February 2004. Figures for Defense Health Program and Chemical Agents and Munitions
Destruction Program come from OMB’s FY2005 Budget Appendix. Totals may not add due to
rounding.
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a. Includes only BMD RDT&E. Does not include procurement and military construction.
b. Includes funds for Developmental and Operational Test and Evaluation.
c. Includes classified programs.
d. Numbers may not agree with Account Total Obligational Authority due to rounding.
e. Reflects Administration’s amended budget request after canceling the Army’s Comanche
program.
f. The numbers in this column do not reflect a general reduction associated with improved
economic assumptions (Section 8062 of S. 2559)
g. These figures do reflect a general reduction to the Army and the Defensewide accounts
associated with advisory and assistance services.
h. This figure does not include the general reductions for management improvements and anticipated set-
asides. It does include reductions associated with cost growth in information technology development.
The conference committee recommended $69.3 billion for Title IV RDT&E. This
includes a number of general reductions that must be allocated to individual accounts. In
addition, the conference committee recommended $507 million for RDT&E in the Defense
Health Program and $205 million for RDT&E in the Chemical Agents and Munitions
Destruction Program. Missile defense received $8.97 billion in RDT&E. S&T received
$13.3 billion (with basic receiving $1.6 billion), but this does not include S&T’s share of
general Title IV reductions. (CRS Contact: John Moteff)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
NASA’s FY2005 total budget request is $16.2 billion, a 5.6% increase over its FY2004
appropriation of $15.4 billion. For the purposes of this report, NASA’s “R&D budget” is
NASA’s total budget minus the space shuttle program and space flight support. For FY2005,
the R&D request is $11.4 billion, compared to $11 billion in FY2004. The House
Appropriations Committee version of the FY2005 VA-HUD-IA appropriations bill (H.R.
5041) recommended a total of $15.1 billion for NASA, a $1.1 billion cut from the request,
and $229 million less than the FY2004 appropriation. Most of the cuts were to R&D
activities associated with President Bush’s new space exploration goals (see below). The
Senate Appropriations Committee (S. 2825) recommended $16.4 billion, $135 million over
the request, including $800 million designated as emergency spending: $500 million for the
space shuttle (not part of the R&D budget), and $300 million for the Hubble Space
Telescope. The Senate committee made a number of cuts to the President’s exploration-
related projects. See CRS Report RS21744 for more on NASA’s FY2005 budget.
In January 2004, President Bush directed NASA to focus its efforts on returning humans
to the Moon by 2020, and someday sending them to Mars and “worlds beyond.” Under the
plan, the space shuttle program would be terminated in 2010, when space station
construction is expected to be completed; U.S. space station research would focus only on
that which is needed to support extended stays by humans on the Moon and eventual trips
to Mars instead of the multi-disciplinary program that was planned; and NASA would end
its involvement in the space station program by FY2017. NASA would build a Crew
Exploration Vehicle (CEV) whose primary purpose is sending astronauts to the Moon, but
could also be used to take them to the space station by 2014. U.S. astronauts would have to
rely Russia to take them to and from the space station between 2010 and 2014. No date or
cost estimate was provided for human trips to Mars. NASA released an estimate of $64
billion for returning humans to the Moon by 2020, not including the cost of associated
r o b o t i c m i s s i o n s . A N A S A p r o j e c t e d f u n d i n g c h a r t
[http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/54873main_budget_chart_14jan04.pdf] suggests that
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approximately $150-170 billion would be spent on the entire program, which includes both
human and robotic missions, from FY2004-FY2020. Most of the funding comes from
redirecting money from other NASA programs. For example, NASA said that $12.6 billion
would be “added” to its budget for FY2005-2009 for the program, but only $1 billion of that
is new money.
The President’s announcement came 11 months after the space shuttle Columbia
accident sparked a review of U.S. goals in space, and the role of the space shuttle in
accomplishing them. The House and Senate Appropriations Committees each voiced support
for the goals, but cited the constrained budgetary climate as a factor in their decisions to cut
many of the related projects. Major reductions in the House committee version include all
$438 million from the CEV; $230 million of the $438 million for Project Prometheus (for
nuclear power and propulsion); $190 million from the $1.9 billion for International Space
Station (ISS); $103 million of the $309 million for bioastronautics research; all $70 million
from robotic lunar probes; and $30 million of the $115 million for technology maturation.
The Senate Appropriations Committee cut $160 million from CEV, $8 million from
Prometheus, $260 million from ISS, $124 million from biological research, $50 million
from lunar probes, and all $115 million from technology maturation (The shuttle, which is
not an R&D program, was fully funded by both committees at $4.3 billion, and the Senate
added $500 million in emergency spending, as noted above.) (CRS Contact: Marcia Smith)
Table 4. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
R&D Budget
($ millions)
FY2004
FY2005
Category
H. App.
S. App.
(Est.)
Request
Exploration, Science & Aeronauticsa
7,830
7,760
7,621
7,760
Space Science
3,971
4,138
**
**
Earth Science
1,613
1,485
**
**
Biol. & Phys. Research
985
1,049
**
**
Aeronautics
1,034
919
**
**
Education
226
169
**
**
Exploration Capabilities
**
**
(R&D only)a
Exploration Systemsa
1,646
1,782
**
**
Space Flight
— Space Station*
*1,498
*1,863
*1,673
*1,603
Total NASA R&D
10,972
11,405
**
**
Total NASA
15,378
16,244
15,149
16,379
Source: NASA’s FY2005 budget estimate and House and Senate Appropriations Committee reports.
Columns may not add due to rounding.
*Does not include funding for space station research ($578 million in FY2004; $549 million in FY2005),
which is embedded in the Biological and Physical Research line.
**The House and Senate reports do not provide the level of detail necessary to definitely determine how
much is allocated for the subcategories in this table, and therefore to calculate an R&D subtotal.
a. In FY2004, “Exploration, Science & Aeronautics” was called “Science, Aeronautics and
Exploration”; “Exploration Capabilities” was called “Space Flight Capabilities”; and
“Exploration Systems” was called “Crosscutting Technologies.” Budget charts for FY2004
show a higher figure for Space Science because in the FY2005 budget, a major effort, Project
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Prometheus, was transferred to Exploration Systems and NASA adjusted both the FY2004
and FY2005 figures accordingly.
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
The bulk of NIH’s budget comes through the appropriation for the Departments of
Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education (L-HHS), with an additional small
amount from the VA-HUD appropriation for environmental work related to Superfund, plus
$150 million pre-appropriated in separate funding for diabetes research (see Table 5; bill
numbers are in source note). The President requested a total of $28.607 billion in
discretionary budget authority for NIH in FY2005. The House has concurred, while the
Senate Appropriations Committee has recommended a total of $28.981 billion, an increase
of $373 million over the request. The President and the House provided an increase of $729
million (2.6%) over the comparable FY2004 level of $27.878 billion, while the Senate
Committee included an increase of $1,102 million (4.0%). The total program level for NIH,
after accounting for funds to be transferred to and from other appropriations, is somewhat
higher than the discretionary budget authority. The program level in the President’s revised
request is $28.724 billion, compared to the House level of $28.719 billion and the Senate
Committee level of $29.037 billion.
FY2003 was the final year of the five-year effort to double the NIH budget from its
FY1998 base of $13.6 billion to the FY2003 level of $27.1 billion. The annual increases for
FY1999 through FY2003 were in the 14%-15% range each year. Since then, faced with
competing priorities and a changed economic climate, Congress and the President have given
increases of about 3%, despite pleas from the research advocacy community that the NIH
budget should grow by about 10% per year in the post-doubling years. Advocates have
warned that the momentum of scientific discovery made possible by the increased resources
of the doubling years could be compromised by a marked slowdown in funding, particularly
if support of research grants started to falter.
Under the President’s request for FY2005, research project grants, representing 54% of
the NIH budget, would reach record numbers, both in dollars and in the total number of
grants. Funding for both competing and noncompeting (continuation) grants would increase,
but not by as much as in the Senate bill. The Senate committee report, pointing to the
expected 3.5% rise in the biomedical inflation index, provides full funding for commitments
to existing grantees and increases the average cost of competing grants. Congress does not
specify levels for other forms of research support that were increased in the request, such as
research centers, training awards, and intramural research, except that the Senate bill restores
funding for non-biodefense extramural facilities construction, which had been eliminated.
It also boosts funding for the Neurosciences Center in the intramural buildings account.
Specific priorities highlighted in the budget request and by Congress include biodefense,
HIV/AIDS (the Senate bill gives more to the Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and
Tuberculosis), obesity research, and the initiatives collectively known as the NIH Roadmap
for Medical Research. The Roadmap, launched in September 2003, has identified critical
scientific gaps that may be constraining rapid progress in biomedical research, and has set
out a list of NIH-wide priorities and initiatives to address them. Three core themes focus on
new paths to biological discoveries, building multidisciplinary research teams, and
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improving the clinical research infrastructure. (For more information, see the “Biomedicine
Issues” section of CRS Report RL31846, Science and Technology Policy: Issues for the 108th
Congress, 2nd Session.) (CRS Contact: Pamela Smith)
Table 5. National Institutes of Health (NIH)
($ millions)
FY2004
FY2005
FY2005
FY2005
Institutes and Centers (ICs)
comp a
rev req b
House
S Comm
Cancer (NCI)
$4,736.0
$4,865.5
$4,870.0
$4,894.9
Heart/Lung/Blood (NHLBI)
2,878.1
2,965.5
2,964.0
2,985.9
Dental/Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
383.0
394.1
394.1
399.2
Diabetes/Digestive/Kidney (NIDDK)
1,671.2
1,727.7
1,726.2
1,739.1
Neurological Disorders/Stroke (NINDS)
1,500.7
1,547.1
1,545.6
1,569.1
Allergy/Infectious Diseases (NIAID) c
4,303.0
4,440.0
4,440.0
4,456.3
General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
1,904.8
1,959.8
1,959.8
1,975.5
Child Health/Human Development (NICHD)
1,241.8
1,280.9
1,280.9
1,288.9
Eye (NEI)
652.7
671.6
671.6
680.3
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
631.1
650.0
650.0
655.1
Aging (NIA)
1,024.6
1,055.7
1,055.7
1,094.5
Arthritis/Musculoskeletal/Skin (NIAMS)
500.9
515.4
515.4
520.9
Deafness/Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
381.9
393.5
393.5
399.0
Nursing Research (NINR)
134.7
139.2
139.2
140.2
Alcohol Abuse/Alcoholism (NIAAA)
428.4
441.9
441.9
444.9
Drug Abuse (NIDA)
990.8
1,012.8
1,012.8
1,026.2
Mental Health (NIMH)
1,381.3
1,420.6
1,420.6
1,436.8
Human Genome Research (NIHGR)
478.8
492.7
492.7
496.4
Biomedical Imaging/Bioengineering (NIBIB)
288.8
297.6
297.6
300.8
Research Resources (NCRR)
1,179.0
1,094.1
1,094.1
1,213.4
Complementary/Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)
116.9
121.1
121.1
121.9
Minority Health/Health Disparities (NCMHD)
191.5
196.8
196.8
197.9
Fogarty International Center (FIC)
65.3
67.2
67.2
67.6
Library of Medicine (NLM)
308.5
316.9
316.9
316.9
Office of Director (OD) d
327.1
359.6
359.6
364.1
Buildings & Facilities (B&F)
99.0
99.5
99.5
114.5
Subtotal, (L-HHS Appropriation)
$27,800.0
$28,526.9
$28,526.9
$28,900.3
Superfund (VA-HUD Approp to NIEHS) e
78.3
80.5
80.5
80.5
Total, NIH Discretionary Budget Authority
$27,878.3
$28,607.4
$28,607.4
$28,980.8
Pre-appropriated Type 1 diabetes funds f
150.0
150.0
150.0
150.0
Program Evaluation, ONDCP, and/or PHSSEF g
12.7
66.4
61.9
55.6
Global HIV/AIDS Fund transfer c
-149.1
-100.0
-100.0
-149.1
Total, NIH Program Level
$27,891.9
$28,723.8
$28,719.3
$29,037.3
Sources: FY2005 Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations: H.Rept. 108-636 on H.R. 5006 and S.Rept. 108-345
on S. 2810; FY2005 VA-HUD-Independent Agencies Appropriations: H.Rept. 108-674 on H.R. 5041
and S.Rept. 108-353 on S. 2825; and NIH FY2005 Justification of Estimates, February 2004.
a. FY2004 reflects across-the-board rescission of $165,459,000 and L-HHS reduction of $17,492,000, and is
comparable for transfers to NIBIB and B&F, and for transfer for Public Health Reports ($70,000).
b. FY2005 revised request reflects June 2004 reallocation of $14.5m to NIAID for HIV vaccine research
($6.3m from NIDA and $8.2m from NLM) and July 2004 reallocation of $4.5m from NCI to NHLBI,
NIDDK, and NINDS ($4.5m each) for increased stem cell research funding (letters from OMB to
Appropriations Committees, June 25, 2004 and July 14, 2004). The requested reallocations did not
change total NIH discretionary budget authority, but they did increase the total NIH program level
because evaluation funds were requested for NIDA, NLM, and NCI (see note g below).
c. NIAID totals include funds for transfer to the Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Tuberculosis.
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d. OD total includes Roadmap funds for distribution to ICs ($34.8m in FY2004 and $60.0m in FY2005).
e. Separate account in the VA-HUD appropriation for NIEHS activities mandated in Superfund legislation.
f. Funds available to NIDDK for diabetes research in accordance with P.L. 106-554 and P.L. 107-360.
g. Additional funds available: From the program evaluation set-aside (sec. 241 of the Public Health Service
Act), $8.2m for NLM in FY2004 and FY2005, $6.3m for NIDA in FY2005 (request and House), and
$4.5m for NCI (request); transfer to NIDA from ONDCP (Office of National Drug Control Policy),
$4.5m in FY2004; and funding from the Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund for NIH
research on nuclear and radiological countermeasures, $47.4m in FY2005.
National Science Foundation (NSF)
The FY2005 request for the National Science Foundation (NSF) is $5,745 million, a
2.9% ($167.2 million) increase over the FY2004 level of $5,577.8 million. The FY2005
request provides support for several interdependent priority areas: biocomplexity in the
environment ($99.8 million), human and social dynamics ($23.3 million), mathematical
sciences ($89.1 million), and nanoscale science and engineering ($305.1 million). The NSF
acknowledges that researchers need not only access to cutting-edge tools to pursue the
increasingly complexity of research, but funding to develop and design the tools critical to
21st century research and education. Approximately 26% of the FY2005 request ($1,472.1
million) represents an investment in infrastructure of all types.
Increasing grant size and duration has been a long-term priority for NSF. The FY2005
request devotes $40 million to increase the annual award size to an annual average of
$142,000, a $3,000 increase over the FY2004 level. The request provides $80 million for the
President’s Math and Science Partnerships program (MSP). The MSP is a five-year
investment to improve the performance of U.S. students in science and mathematics at the
precollege level. Additional FY2005 highlights include funding for graduate fellowships and
traineeships ($240.7 million), National Nanotechnology Initiative ($305.1 million),
continued support of plant genome research ($89.5 million), investments in Climate Change
Research Initiative ($25 million), continued support for multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional
Science of Learning Centers ($20 million), and support for major international collaborations
in science and engineering ($34 million).
Included in the FY2005 request is $4,452.3 million for Research and Related Activities
(R&RA), a 4.7% increase ($200.9 million) over the FY2004 level of $4,251.4 million.
R&RA funds research projects, research facilities, and education and training activities.
Partly in response to concerns in the scientific community about the imbalance between
support for the life sciences and the physical sciences, the FY2005 request provides increased
funding for the physical sciences. Research in the physical sciences often leads to advances
in other disciplines. R&RA includes Integrative Activities (IA), created in FY1999. IA is
the source of funding for the acquisition and development of research instrumentation at U.S.
colleges and universities and funds also Partnerships for Innovation, disaster research teams,
and the Science and Technology Policy Institute. The FY2005 request for IA is $240 million,
a 66.5% increase ($95.9 million) over the FY2004 estimate. The FY2005 request for IA
reflects the transfer of the MSP from the Education and Human Resources (EHR) Directorate
to the IA.
Research project support in the FY2005 request totals $2,845.1 million. Support is
provided to individuals and small groups conducting disciplinary and cross-disciplinary
research. Included in the total for research projects is support for centers, proposed at$457.3
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million. NSF supports a variety of individual centers and center programs. The FY2005
request provides $72.4 million for Science and Technology Centers, $58.9 million for
Materials Centers, $63.5 million for Engineering Research Centers and Groups, $15.4
million for Physics Frontiers Centers, $36 million for the Plant Genome Virtual Centers, and
$75 million for Information Technology Centers.
The Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction (MREFC) account is funded
at $213.3 million in FY2005, a 37.6% increase ($58.3 million) over the FY2004 level. The
MREFC supports the acquisition and construction of major research facilities and equipment
that extend the boundaries of science, engineering, and technology.
Table 6. National Science Foundation
($ millions)
FY2004
FY2005
FY2005
FY2005
Estimate
Request
House
Senate
Comm.
Comm.
Research & Related Activities

Biological Sciences
$586.9
$599.9
$605.5
Computer & Inform. Sci. & Eng.
6047
618.1
629.9
Engineering
461.5
471.8
575.9
Geosciences
713.1
728.5
728.5
Math & Physical Sci.
1,091.5
1,115.5
1,123.1
Social, Behav. & Econ. Sci.
175.7
190.7
224.7
U.S. Polar Programs
342.2
349.7
281.7
Integrative Activities
144.1
240.0b
165.0
Subtotal Research & Related Activities
$4,251.4
$4,452.3
$4,151.8c
$4,402.3
Ed. & Hum. Resr.
939.0
771.4c
843.0
929.2
Major Res. Equip. & Facil. Constr.
155.0
213.3
208.2
130.4
Salaries & Expenses
218.7
294.0
250.0
269.0
National Science Board
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.0
Office of Inspector General
10.0
10.1
10.1
10.1
Total NSFa
$5,577.8
$5,744.7
$5,467.0
$5,744.7
a. The totals do not include carry overs or retirement accruals. Totals may not add due to rounding.
b. Reflects the movement of MPS from Research and Related Activities to Integrative Activities.
c. Program and activity totals within the R&RA have not been determined.
The FY2005 request for the Education and Human Resources Directorate (EHR) is
$771.4 million, a 17.9% decrease ($167.6 million) from the FY2004 level. Support at the
various educational levels in the FY2005 request is as follows: precollege, $172.8 million;
undergraduate, $158.9 million; and graduate, $173.9 million. Funding for the Experimental
Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) is $75 million in the FY2005 request.
An additional $30 million for co-funding activities in EPSCoR is provided through R&RA,
bringing the total FY2005 request for EPSCoR to $114 million.
The House Appropriations Committee marked-up the VA, HUD, and Independent
Agencies Appropriations Bill, (H.R. 5041) approving a total of $5,467 million for the NSF,
a decrease of $278 million (4.8%) from the request, and $110.8 million (2%) below the
FY2004 level. Included in the FY2005 funding is $4,151.8 million for R&RA, $300.5
million (6.7%) below the request and $99.6 million (2.3%) below the FY2004 level. The
bill funds the EHR at $843 million in FY2005, $71.6 million above the request, but $96
million below the FY2004 level. The Committee bill provides increased funding for several
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programs and activities in the EHR, including EPSCoR $10.4 million above the request to
$94.4 million.
On September 21st, the Senate Appropriations Committee marked up the VA/HUD and
Independent Agencies Appropriations Bill, (S. 2825) approving a total of $5,744.7 million
for NSF, matching the President’s proposed 2.9% increase over FY2004. The bill includes
$4,402.3 million for R&RA account, $50 million below the request, but $251 million, or 6%
above the House approved funding level. The Senate bill rejects the Administration’s
proposed cuts for EHR recommending $929.2 million, $157.8 million above the request.
However, due to budgetary constraints, the Senate bill does not include funding for new
construction initiatives within the MREFC account. (CRS Contact: Christine Matthews)
Department of Commerce (DOC)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
NOAA’s “FY2005 Congressional Preparation: Research and Development” estimates that
total NOAA R&D, including R&D facilities costs, will be $584.5 million for FY2005. The
R&D Bureau of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) earlier reported $611 million
for “R&D programs, facilities, and major equipment,” at the agency. (See Table 7.) The
NOAA total is $70.6 million, or 10.8%, less than the $655.1 appropriated for R&D for
FY2004. NOAA reported a cut of almost $9 million for Ocean Resources, Conservation, and
Assessment R&D in the National Ocean Service (NOS) budget. NOAA Fisheries (NMFS)
R&D would be cut by $14.6 million from terminating programs at the Joint Institute for
Marine & Atmospheric Research; however, funding for Fisheries Information & Analysis
R&D activities would increase by $6 million. The NOAA Research (OAR) would receive
an increase of $30 million for Climate Observations & Services R&D. In total, R&D in
OAR would be cut by about $30 million, and by $60 million in OAR “Plant” (R&D
facilities) costs.
The House-passed appropriations bill (H.R. 4754) would provide about $545 million
for R&D, about $39 million below FY2004 appropriations. The Senate Appropriations
Committee recommended more R&D funding in S. 2809, and included $475 million for a
new Ocean Commission Initiative, which would foremost fund ocean research and
observations. Additional information on NOAA funding including FY2004 appropriations,
the President’s request, and congressional appropriations actions for FY2005, can be found
on the CRS web page for Commerce, State, Justice, the Judiciary and Related Agency
Appropriations, FY2005, at [http://www.congress.gov/brbk/html/apcjs41.html]. (CRS
Contact: Wayne A. Morrissey)
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
For FY2005, the Bush Administration budget request includes $521.5 million for the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). (See Table 7) This amount is 14.6%
below the FY2004 appropriation due primarily to the absence of funding for the Advanced
Technology Program (ATP). Internal research and development under the Scientific and
Technical Research and Services (STRS) account would receive $422.9 million, an increase
of 25.4% over the current fiscal year. Support for the Manufacturing Extension Partnership
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would total $39.2 million (a small increase from FY2004) and the construction budget would
be $59.4 million. H.R. 4754, the FY2005 appropriations bill passed by the House on July 8,
2004, provides NIST with $524.9 million, 14% less than the current fiscal year. Funding
for the intermural research programs under the STRS account would increase 11.4% to
$375.8 million. The $106 million for the Manufacturing Extension Program would bring
support up to pre-FY2004 levels before the financing was reduced by 63%. There is no
funding for the Advanced Technology Program. The construction budget would be $43.1
million.
The Senate Appropriations Committee (S. 2809) approved an estimated $784.9 million
for NIST in FY2005, a $263 million increase over the Administrations’ request. The majority
of this increase can be attributed to the Committee funding the ATP at $203 million for
FY2005. The Committee also approved $383.9 million for STRS, $112 million for MEP, and
$86.1 million for construction, $26.6 million above the request. For additional information
see CRS Report 95-30, The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Overview,
CRS Report 95-36, The Advanced Technology Program, and CRS Report 97-104, The
Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program: An Overview. (CRS Contact: Wendy H.
Schacht)
Department of Transportation (DOT)
The Bush Administration requested $749 million for the Department of Transportation’s
(DOT) research and development budget in FY2005. This represents an increase of 6.9%
over the FY2004 estimated funding level of $701 million. (See Table 7.) The Federal
Highway Administration would receive a large increase in R&D spending with the
Administration’s proposal to shift some resources away from state highway grants to
highway research, an approach Congress has rejected in the past. R&D funding for the
Federal Aviation Administration would decline 10.5%, to $222 million, as more of its
aviation safety related R&D activities are transferred to the DHS. The House (H.R. 5025)
would provide an estimated $749 million and the Senate (S. 2806) an estimated $770 million
for R&D. (CRS Contact: Mike Davey )
Department of the Interior (DOI)
According to the President’s budget, the Administration requested $648 million for
R&D in the Department of the Interior.(See Table 7.) This represents a 4% decline from the
$675 million the agency received in FY2004. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is the
primary supporter of R&D (about two-thirds of the total) within DOI. Areas of research
include mapping and research in geological resources, water quality, and biological
resources. The proposed FY2005 budget for R&D within the USGS would decline from
$547 million in FY2004 to $525 million. This proposed reduction in funding has been
distributed among its four major R&D accounts. The House passed Interior Appropriations
bill (H.R. 4568) would restore the proposed cuts in the U.S.G.S. R&D, approving $548
million for FY2005, and a total of $671 million for Interior R&D. As in FY2004, the
Administration is proposing deep cuts in the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, as well
as in Mineral Resources R&D Activities. However the House also rejected these proposed
cuts and restored funding for these two programs in H.R. 4568. The Senate Appropriations
Committee (S. 2804) approved an estimated $666 million for Interior research, including an
estimated $543 million for USGS. (CRS Contact: Mike Davey)
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The Science and Technology (S&T) account incorporates elements of the former
research and development account (also called extramural research) and EPA’s in-house
research, development, and technology work. (See Table 7.) The FY2005 S&T total request
of $725.3 million is made of two parts, $689.2 million directly for S&T, and $36.1 million
transferred from the Superfund account. The House Appropriations Committee report for
the FY2005 (H.R. 4614) recommends an S&T total of $765.1 million, composed of $729
million directly for S&T, and $36.1 million transferred from Superfund, which is less than
the FY2004 total S&T enacted level of $826.1 million, which was made of $781.7 million
directly for S&T, and $44.4 million transferred from Superfund. The Senate Appropriations
Committee report (S. 2825) recommends a FY2005 S&T total of $794.3 million, made of
$758.2 million directly for S&T, and $36.1 million transferred from Superfund. Noteworthy
in the House recommendations are $16.2 million added to fully restore to FY2004 levels
EPA’s Science to Achieve Results (STAR) and STAR Fellowship programs, and $4 million
added to continue EPA’s building decontamination research. Noteworthy in the Senate
recommendations are $10 million for Endocrine Disruptor work (nearly $2 million less than
requested), and $20 million for Global Change ($0.69 million less than requested). A
continuing question is the degree to which efforts to insure sound science (such as the
Information Quality Act and the Office of Management and Budget’s Peer Review proposal)
will impact EPA’s S&T work. (CRS contact: Michael Simpson)
Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
For FY2005, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) requested $1.2 billion
for R&D and received $1.3 billion. (See Table 7.) The bulk of this sum funded the
Directorate of Science and Technology ($1.039 billion requested, $1.115 billion received).
Most of the remainder funded R&D in the Transportation Security Administration ($154
million requested, $178 million received). Reflecting direction given in the FY2004
appropriations conference report (H.Rept.108-280), R&D activities formerly funded by other
DHS agencies, such as the U.S. Coast Guard, appeared in the request for the S&T Directorate
in FY2005. The transfer of Coast Guard R&D was not made in the final bill.
The requested funding for the S&T Directorate was 14% more than the FY2004
appropriation, but only three areas included large funding changes. First, Biological
Countermeasures, the directorate’s largest program, requested $407 million, versus $285
million in FY2004. This 43% increase included $65 million to support expanding the
coverage and scope of BioWatch, an activity that seeks to detect airborne biological agents
in large metropolitan areas. The House provided the requested funding for Biological
Countermeasures, but transferred $44 million of it to separate line items for staff salaries and
facility construction. The Senate also transferred facility construction funds to a separate
line, while providing $26 million less than the request. The conference report concurred with
the House. Second, the request of $30 million for University Programs was a 56% reduction
from FY2004. Last year, Congress increased FY2004 funding for University Programs to
$69 million from an initial request of $10 million. For FY2005, the House provided $70
million, the Senate provided $69 million, and the conference report concurred with the
House. Third, the S&T Directorate’s FY2005 request included $24 million for R&D
activities transferred from other DHS agencies, including $13.5 million for Coast Guard
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R&D. The House provided the requested funding for these consolidated programs. The
Senate provided $18.5 million for Coast Guard R&D, a $5 million increase above the
request, and deferred approval of this activity’s transfer to the S&T Directorate until
completion of an independent study of Coast Guard R&D priorities. The conference report
provided $18.5 million and did not make the transfer. Overall, the House provided $1.132
billion for the S&T Directorate (H.R. 4567, H.Rept. 108-541); the Senate provided $1.059
billion, or $1.078 billion including the funding provided for Coast Guard R&D (H.R. 4567
in lieu of S. 2537, S.Rept. 108-280); and the conference report provided $1.115, not
including Coast Guard R&D (H.Rept. 108-774).
The requested R&D funding for the Transportation Security Administration included
$49 million for Applied R&D on aviation passenger and baggage screening, $50 million for
development of Next Generation Explosives Detection Systems, and $55 million for Air
Cargo R&D. The House provided a $20 million increase for additional work on air cargo
screening. The Senate also provided a $20 million increase for air cargo, along with a $7
million increase for Next Generation EDS. The conference report provided a $20 million
increase for air cargo and a $4 million increase for Next Generation EDS. Note that R&D
on protecting commercial aircraft from shoulder-fired missiles ($61 million requested and
provided) is funded by the S&T Directorate, not the Transportation Security Administration.
For more information on R&D in DHS, see CRS Report RL31914. (CRS Contact: Daniel
Morgan.)
Table 7. R&D Budgets of Preceding Agencies
($ millions)
FY2003 2
FY2004
FY2005
Actual
Estimate
Request
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
$666
$632
$611
National Institute of Standards & Technology
712
610
521
Department of the Interior
643
675
648
Department of Transportation
705
701
749
Department of Homeland Security
759
1,038
1,200
Environmental Protection Agency
716
781
689
2 Data from Office of Management and Budget FY2005 budget documents, and individual agency
FY2005 budget data.
CRS-16

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