Order Code RL31751
CRS Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
Homeland Security:
Department Organization and Management
— Implementation Phase
Updated February 4, 2004
Harold C. Relyea
Specialist in American National Government
Government and Finance Division
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

Homeland Security:
Department Organization and Management
— Implementation Phase
Summary
After substantial congressional entreatment, President George W. Bush gave
impetus to the creation of a Department of Homeland Security when, on June 6,
2002, he proposed the establishment of such an entity by the 107th Congress. The
President transmitted his department proposal to the House of Representatives on
June 18, where it was subsequently introduced by request (H.R. 5005). The House
approved the bill in amended form on July 26. The Senate did not begin
consideration of the legislation until after the August congressional recess. Senate
deliberations on the matter were slower due to partisan and parliamentary factors as
well as a few highly contentious issues, such as the civil service protections and
collective bargaining rights of the employees of the new department. When both
houses of Congress reconvened after the fall elections, a new, compromise
department bill was introduced in the House (H.R. 5710), which considered and
adopted the measure on November 13. Six days later, the Senate approved the
original House bill (H.R. 5005), as modified with the language of the compromise
legislation (H.R. 5710), which had been offered as an amendment. The House
cleared the Senate-passed measure for the President’s signature (P.L. 107-296; 116
Stat. 2135). Ultimately, President Bush largely obtained what he wanted in the
legislation mandating the department.
Overseeing the implementation of the legislation mandating the new
Department of Homeland Security, and possibly refining it and making some
technical modifications, is within the purview of the 108th Congress. Some
legislators, for example, want to eliminate provisions protecting manufacturers from
liability lawsuits, broaden the criteria for the creation of university-based centers for
homeland security, and make the department subject to the Federal Advisory
Committee Act (H.R. 237, H.R. 484, S. 6, S. 28, S. 41, S. 105). The department’s
charter also contains apparently contradictory provisions, such as those concerning
the appointment of an officer for civil rights and civil liberties. Other
implementation issues include Senate confirmation of presidential nominees for
department leadership positions, creation of a complete budget for the new
department, and assessing the various reports to Congress required of the new
department. This report will be updated as events recommend. CRS Report
RL31148, Homeland Security: The Presidential Coordination Office, assesses the
operations and status of the Office of Homeland Security; CRS Report RL31493,
Homeland Security: Department Organization and Management — Legislative
Phase
, assesses the development and enactment of the Homeland Security Act of
2002.

Contents
Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Operational Arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Congressional Oversight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Refining the Mandate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
H.R. 237 (Burton) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
H.R. 248 (Allen) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
H.R. 484 (Ose) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
H.R. 1416 (Cox) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
S. 6 (Daschle) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
S. 28 (Nelson) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
S. 41 (Lieberman) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
S. 45 (Feingold) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
S. 105 (Stabenow) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
S. 134 (Dayton) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
S. 910 (Akaka) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Related Congressional Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Related CRS Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
List of Tables
Table 1. Principal Leaders of the Department of Homeland Security . . . . . . . . . 6
Table 2. Deadlines and Effective Dates: Homeland Security Act and
Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Table 3. Homeland Security Act Action and Reporting Requirements . . . . . . . 29

Homeland Security:
Department Organization and Management
— Implementation Phase
Terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11,
2001, prompted various major efforts at combating terrorism and ensuring homeland
security. President George W. Bush ultimately became the architect of new
arrangements to coordinate these efforts. With E.O. 13228 of October 8, 2001, he
established the Office of Homeland Security (OHS) and the Homeland Security
Council (HSC) within the Executive Office of the President.1 That same day, he
appointed former Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge an Assistant to the President
for Homeland Security, to direct OHS.
Although Ridge contended that his close proximity and easy access to the
President gave him all the authority he needed to do his job, some were not
convinced and sought to reconstitute OHS with a statutory mandate and more explicit
responsibilities and powers. Others favored consolidating relevant programs and
hierarchical administrative authority in a new department. Among the first to pursue
this approach was Senator Joseph Lieberman, who introduced his initial proposal (S.
1534) a few days after the establishment of OHS. He and Representative Mac
Thornberry later introduced more elaborate versions of this legislation (S. 2452 and
H.R. 4660) in early May 2002.2
By late January 2002, Ridge, according to the Washington Post, was “facing
resistance to some of his ideas, forcing him to apply the brakes on key elements of
his agenda and raising questions about how much he can accomplish.” OHS plans
engendering opposition from within the executive branch reportedly included those
to streamline or consolidate agencies responsible for border security; improve
intelligence distribution to federal, state, and local agencies; and alert federal, state,
and local officials about terrorist threats using a system of graduated levels of
danger.3
At about this same time, Ridge began to become embroiled in controversy over
his refusal to testify before congressional committees. Among the first to request his
1 See Federal Register, vol. 66, Oct. 10, 2001, pp. 51812-51817.
2 Rep. Thornberry had introduced legislation (H.R. 1158) on Mar. 21, 2001, to establish a
National Homeland Security Agency which closely resembled his subsequent departmental
proposal, but the organization was not denominated a department and seemingly would not
have had Cabinet status.
3 Eric Pianin and Bill Miller, “For Ridge, Ambition and Realities Clash,” Washington Post,
Jan. 23, 2002, pp. A1, A10.

CRS-2
appearance were Senator Robert C. Byrd and Senator Ted Stevens, respectively, the
chairman and ranking minority member of the Committee on Appropriations. Ridge
turned down their initial, informal invitation and later formal requests of March 15
and April 4.4 When Ridge declined the request of Representative Ernest Istook, Jr.,
chairman of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Treasury, Postal Service,
and General Government, appropriations for the Executive Office of the President
were threatened, prompting Ridge to offer to meet with Istook and other
subcommittee members in an informal session.5 Thereafter, Ridge arranged other
informal briefings with members of the House Committee on Government Reform
and a group of Senators, and agreed to a similar such session with members of the
House Committee on Energy and Commerce. These informal meetings, however,
did not appear to abate the controversy that Ridge’s refusals to testify had generated.6
Assessing the situation in early May 2002, a New York Times news analysis
proffered that, “instead of becoming the preeminent leader of domestic security, Tom
Ridge has become a White House adviser with a shrinking mandate, forbidden by the
president to testify before Congress to explain his strategy, overruled in White House
councils and overshadowed by powerful cabinet members reluctant to cede their turf
or their share of the limelight.” In support of this view, the analysis noted that the
Pentagon did not consult with Ridge when suspending air patrols over New York
City — a special assistant to the Secretary of Defense explained this action by saying,
“We don’t tell the Office of Homeland Security about recommendations, only about
decisions” — and the Attorney General unilaterally announced a possible terrorist
threat against banks in April.7 Asked about this assessment by Jim Lehrer on the
PBS Newshour, Ridge called it “false” and said, “I just don’t think they have spent
enough time with me on a day-to-day basis.”8 Shortly thereafter, a New York Times
editorial opined that one of the reasons Ridge “lost these turf battles is that he failed
4 Dave Boyer, “Ridge Reluctant to Testify in Senate,” Washington Times, Feb. 27, 2002,
p. A4; Alison Mitchell, “Congressional Hearings: Letter to Ridge Is Latest Jab in Fight Over
Balance of Powers,” New York Times, Mar. 5, 2002, p. A8; Mark Preston, “Byrd Holds
Firm,” Roll Call, Apr. 18, 2002, pp. 1, 26.
5 George Archibald, “Panel Ties Funding to Ridge Testimony,” Washington Times, Mar.
22, 2002, pp. A1, A14; George Archibald, “White House Mollifies House Panel,”
Washington Times, Mar. 23, 2002, pp. A1, A4.
6 Bill Miller, “Ridge Will Meet Informally with 2 House Committees,” Washington Post,
Apr. 4, 2002, p. A15; George Archibald, “Ridge Attends Private Meeting on Hill,”
Washington Times, Apr. 11, 2002, p. A4; Elizabeth Becker, “Ridge Briefs House Panel, but
Discord Is Not Resolved,” New York Times, Apr. 11, 2002, p. A17; Bill Miller, “From Bush
Officials, a Hill Overture and a Snub,” Washington Post, Apr. 11, 2002, p. A27; Amy Fagan,
“Democrats Irked by Ridge’s Closed House Panel Meeting,” Washington Times, Apr. 12,
2002, p. A6; Stephen Dinan, “Ridge Briefing Called ‘Stunt’,” Washington Times, May 3,
2002, p. A9; Bill Miller, “On Homeland Security Front, a Rocky Day on the Hill,”
Washington Post, May 3, 2002, p. A25.
7 Elizabeth Becker, “Big Visions for Security Post Shrink Amid Political Drama,” New York
Times,
May 3, 2002, pp. A1, A16.
8 NewsHour Focus, Newsmaker: Tom Ridge, May 9, 2002, transcript available at NewsHour
Index, [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/newshour_index.html].

CRS-3
to build a constituency for change in Congress. His refusal to testify before
Congressional committees has not helped.”9
Ridge’s problems had not escaped White House attention. In his April 11
testimony before the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs concerning Senator
Lieberman’s proposal for a homeland security department, Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr.,
the director of the Office of Management and Budget, reportedly indicated that the
President might eventually decide to create the department as envisaged in the
Lieberman bill. In addition, Daniels said he would consider creating a working group
with Senator Lieberman to discuss the legislation.10 Subsequently, Daniels, Ridge,
White House Chief of Staff Andrew H. Card, Jr., and White House counsel Alberto
R. Gonzales would constitute the principal members of a group that began drafting
the President’s departmental plan on April 23. This proposal was unveiled on June
6, 2002 (see U.S. White House Office 2002). The President transmitted a draft bill
detailing his plan for a homeland security department on June 18, and it was formally
introduced (H.R. 5005) on June 24.11 An alternative model was provided by Senator
Lieberman (S. 2452) and Representative Thornberry (H.R. 4660), who sought to
create both a Department of National Homeland Security and a new Executive Office
of the President entity, the National Office for Combating Terrorism.
The President’s proposal for a Department of Homeland Security reflected his
desire to move beyond the indeterminate coordination efforts of OHS to a strong
administrative structure for managing consolidated programs concerned with border
and transportation security, making effective response to domestic terrorism
incidents, and ensuring homeland security. Offering his proposal to Congress and
asking for its immediate adoption also set the legislative agenda on the matter.
The President’s proposal was introduced by request in the House (H.R. 5005)
on June 18, 2002, and it was subsequently approved in amended form on July 26.
The Senate did not begin consideration of the legislation until after the August
congressional recess. Senate deliberations on the matter were slower due to partisan
and parliamentary factors as well as a few highly contentious issues, such as the civil
service protections and collective bargaining rights of the employees of the new
department. When both houses of Congress reconvened after the fall elections, a
new, compromise department bill was introduced in the House (H.R. 5710), which
considered and adopted the measure on November 13. Six days later, the Senate
approved the original House bill (H.R. 5005), substituting the compromise text (H.R.
5710), as amended. The House cleared the Senate-passed measure for the President’s
signature.12 Ultimately, President Bush largely obtained what he wanted in the
9 Editorial, “Faltering on the Home Front,” New York Times, May 12, 2002, p. 14.
10 Elizabeth Becker, “Domestic Security: Bush Is Said to Consider a New Security
Department,” New York Times, April 12, 2002, p. A15.
11 See Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 148, June 18, 2002, pp. H3639-
H3641.
12 See, generally, CRS Report RL31493, Homeland Security: Department Organization and
Management — Legislative Phase
, by Harold C. Relyea.

CRS-4
legislation mandating the department, which he signed into law on November 25,
2002.13
Implementation
Crucial to the success of any new department is the initial implementation of the
legislation creating it. One review of the record of previous experience has suggested
that, in past “attempts at reorganization, serious concern with implementation is
typically too little and too late.”14 Consequently, as the General Accounting Office
(GAO) has reported, new and reorganized agencies experienced substantial startup
problems — delays in obtaining key officials prevented timely decisionmaking;
delays in obtaining needed staff impeded first-year operations; insufficient funding
necessitated additional budget requests; and inadequate office space contributed to
inefficient handling of workload and morale problems.15 Thus, key considerations
for making the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) a successfully operating
organization are the strategy and timetable for selecting department leaders and
putting them in place, connecting leaders and workers through an electronic
communications network,16 shifting components to the new management
arrangements, and putting other supporting administrative mechanisms into
operation. These considerations are complicated by the new department’s
considerable field operations, shared responsibility and partnership with state and
local government, as well as the private sector, and need not only to maintain
continued vigilance regarding terrorist threats, but also to be continuously capable of
responding effectively to a terrorist incident. President Bush initially addressed
implementation concerns with E.O. 13267 of June 20, 2002, establishing a
Transition Planning Office within the Office of Management and Budget to
“coordinate, guide, and conduct transition and related planning” for the new
department throughout the executive branch and to work, as well, with Congress in
this regard.17
The new department’s statutory mandate indicates “that each House of Congress
should review its committee structure in light of the reorganization of responsibilities
within the executive branch by the establishment of the Department.” Important
considerations in this regard concern the appropriation of funds for the new
department and the conduct of oversight of its administration and activities.
Moreover, because implementation will occur over time, Congress must be prepared,
13 P.L. 107-296; 116 Stat. 2135; see Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, vol.
38, Nov. 25, 2002, pp. 2092-2095.
14 I. M. Destler, “Implementing Reorganization,” in Peter Szanton, ed., Federal
Reorganization: What Have We Learned?
(Chatham, NJ: Chatham House, 1981), p. 155.
15 U.S. General Accounting Office, Implementation: The Missing Link in Planning
Reorganizations
, GAO Report GGD-81-57 (Washington: March 20, 1981), pp. 5-12.
16 See Susan M. Menke, “At Its Core, a Systems Shake-Up,” Government Computer News,
vol. 21, June 17, 2002, pp. 1, 12; Karen Robb, “OMB Ready to Link Homeland Agencies,”
Federal Times, June 17, 2002, p. 3.
17 Federal Register, vol. 67, June 24, 2002, pp. 42469-42470.

CRS-5
organizationally and in other ways, to work with the Secretary of Homeland Security
in fine-tuning the organization, management, and operations of the department.
Plan. Pursuant to Section 1502 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002,
President Bush submitted his reorganization plan for DHS on November 25, 2002.18
This document addressed two categories of information concerning plans for the new
department: the transfer of agencies, personnel, assets, and obligations to the
department and any consolidation, reorganization, or streamlining of agencies so
transferred. These categories were set out in the following six plan elements.
(1) Identification of any functions of agencies transferred to the Department
... that will not be transferred to the Department under the plan.
(2) Specification of the Steps to be taken by the Secretary to organize the
Department, including the delegation or assignment of functions transferred to
the Department among officers of the Department in order to permit the
Department to carry out the functions transferred under the plan.
(3) Specification of the funds available to each agency that will be
transferred to the Department as a result of transfers under the plan. [Referenced
tables concerning funds were not made public at the time of the issuance of the
plan.]
(4) Specification of the proposed allocations within the Department of
unexpended funds transferred in connection with transfers under the plan.
[Referenced tables concerning funds were not made public at the time of the
issuance of the plan.]
(5) Specification of any proposed disposition of property, facilities,
contracts, records, or other assets and obligations of agencies transferred under
the plan.
(6) Specification of the proposed allocations within the Department of the
functions of the agencies and subdivisions that are not related directly to securing
the homeland.
The plan became effective without the necessity of any formal congressional
approval. However, some within the congressional community were not entirely
satisfied with the plan. In addition to not initially providing the financial tables
referenced in it, the plan was criticized for failing to address such key considerations
as the creation and implementation of a planning, programming, and budgeting
system, a human resources management system, or an electronic communications
enterprise architecture system. News accounts had reported that plans for the latter
areas were under development, but the reorganization plan did not mention them,
adhering, instead, strictly to the content requirements specified in Section 1502.19
18 White House Office, “Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan,” Nov. 25,
2002, Washington, DC, available without referenced tables at
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/11/reorganization_plan.pdf].
19 See, for example, Shane Harris, “White House to Unveil First Homeland Security Tech
(continued...)

CRS-6
The result was a less than assured sense of cooperation for those beginning to pursue
congressional oversight of the new department’s formation.
Leadership. When signing the Homeland Security Act into law on November
25, 2002, President Bush said he intended to appoint Tom Ridge, the director of
OHS, as the head of the new department. This nomination was received in the
Senate on January 7, 2003, and was referred to the Committee on Governmental
Affairs, which reported it favorably on January 17. The Senate confirmed the
appointment on January 22 on a 94-0 vote. Ridge was sworn in on January 24, when
the department became operational. Others subsequently named for principal
leadership positions within the department are specified in Table 1.20
Table 1. Principal Leaders of the
Department of Homeland Security
Position
Designee
Secretary
Thomas J. Ridge
Deputy Secretary
Gordon England
Under Secretary for Information Analysis
Frank Libutti
and Infrastructure Protection
Under Secretary for Science and
Charles E. McQueary
Technology
Under Secretary for Border and
Asa Hutchinson
Transportation Security
Under Secretary for Emergency
Michael D. Brown
Preparedness and Response
Under Secretary for Management
Janet Hale
Chief Financial Officer
Bruce Marshall Carnes
Chief Human Capital Officer
Ronald James
Chief Information Officer
Steven I. Cooper
Counternarcotics Officer
Roger Mackin
Privacy Officer
Nuala O’Connor Kelly
General Counsel
Joe D. Whitley
Inspector General
Clark Kent Ervin
19 (...continued)
Blueprint,” GovExec.com, Nov. 13, 2002, available at [http://www.govexec.com]; Tim
Kauffman, “OPM Promises Homeland Security Personnel System by June,” Federal Times,
Dec. 2, 2002, pp. 1, 5.
20 See CRS Report RL31677, Filling Presidentially Appointed, Senate-Confirmed Positions
in the Department of Homeland Security
, by Henry B. Hogue.

CRS-7
Funding. One of the most important actions for DHS is the formulation and
funding of its initial operating budget. Agencies and functions transferred to the
department reportedly brought with them some $35.5 billion, but this figure
represents the FY2003 budget requests for those entities.21 During its final weeks,
the 107th Congress enacted continuing resolutions which, for the most part, minimally
funded the executive departments and agencies for FY2003 at FY2002 budget levels.
The last of these continuing resolutions provided qualified authorization for the
Secretary of Homeland Security to transfer upwards of $500 million of funds made
available to the department, such as the funds of agencies transferred to the
department. These funds must “be available for the same purposes, and for the same
time period, as the appropriation or fund to which transferred.”22
The President’s FY2004 budget request for the department was almost $29.4
billion. Approximately half of the requested amount, $14.5 billion, was allocated to
the Directorate for Border and Transportation Security. Next was the Directorate for
Emergency Preparedness and Response, which was designated to receive $4.3
billion. The Directorate for Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection was
to be provided $829 million; the Directorate for Science and Technology was
allocated $803 million.
On June 24, 2003, the House, on a 425-2 vote, approved legislation (H.R. 2555)
providing the department $29.4 billion, with allocations slightly different from the
President’s request. In the underlying report on the bill, appropriators, among other
determinations, denied a request for a consolidated appropriation for the salaries and
expenses of various departmental offices in order “to ensure adequate Congressional
oversight and control over these expenses,” which were seen as lacking supporting
detail and justification in the current budget. Funds for the design and acquisition of
a site suitable for the construction of a permanent department headquarters were also
denied “for a variety of reasons,” including the desire to have the General Services
Administration as the lead agency in this matter. The department was “directed to
submit to the Committee a monthly budget execution report showing the status of
obligations and costs for all components of the Department.”23
One month after the conclusion of initial House action on the department’s
appropriations, the Senate, on July 24, 2003, approved a $29.3 billion allocation for
it on a 93-1 vote. The distribution of these funds differs from the allotments made
in the President’s budget and the House-passed version of the appropriations bill.
The Senate-passed version, for example, does not provide any funding for the
BioShield program, an $890 million White House initiative to develop and stockpile
vaccines and antidotes against a possible terrorist attack. In their report on the
legislation, Senate appropriators required the Secretary of Homeland Security to
submit, to them and their House counterparts, an annual report on the resources
21 Philip Shenon, “The Reorganization Plan: Establishing New Agency Is Expected to Take
Years and Could Divert It From Mission,” New York Times, Nov. 20, 2002, p. A12.
22 P.L. 107-294, Sec. 3.
23 U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Department of Homeland Security
Appropriations Bill, 2004
, report to accompany H.R. 2555, 108th Cong., 1st sess., H.Rept.
108-169 (Washington: GPO, 2003), pp. 5, 7-8.

CRS-8
devoted to non-homeland security missions of the department. “This report,” it was
declared, “is to clearly identify all non-homeland security functions of each of the
Department’s organizations by appropriations account, program, project and activity,
and the full-time equivalent positions and dollars devoted to each for a period of at
least 3 fiscal years, including the prior fiscal year, the current fiscal year, and the
budget year.” Department development of a plan for consolidating and co-locating
its regional or field offices, as required by Section 706 of the Homeland Security Act,
was another matter of keen interest.24
The funding legislation signed into law by President Bush on October 1, 2003,
provided the department $31.3 billion in discretionary funding, as well as an
additional $6.1 billion in mandatory spending, mostly deriving from fees.25
Operational Arrangements. Although the lack of detail in the President’s
November 25, 2002, reorganization plan on some important aspects of the
formulation and management of the new department was disappointing for some in
the congressional community, news accounts have indicated that a number of plans
are underway. As early as mid-November 2002, an OHS official announced that “in
the next 90 days the administration would unveil an enterprise architecture plan for
Homeland Security agencies with border control responsibilities.”26 This plan was
reportedly “one of four designs that officials are working on now to help set up the
new department.”27 Testifying before the House Committee on Government Reform
on May 8, 2003, Steven Cooper, then chief information officer for the department,
indicated that the basic or “as is” enterprise architecture for DHS was about 70%
complete and would serve over 2,000 information technology applications.
Completion of the “as is” architecture was expected in June, with the initial phase of
the “to be” or planned future architecture anticipated to be in place in August.28
These developments are crucial for the department’s beginning operations, providing
a basis for essential information technology operations supporting departmental
communications and information sharing. This includes connecting not only field
and headquarters staff, but also serving to link headquarters personnel and the heads
24 U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Appropriations, Department of Homeland Security
Appropriations Bill, 2004
, a report to accompany H.R. 2555, 108th Cong., 1st sess., S.Rept.
108-86 (Washington: GPO, 2003), pp. 7, 8-9.
25 P.L. 108-90; 117 Stat. 1137.
26 “An enterprise architecture (EA) provides a clear and comprehensive picture of the
structure of an entity, whether an organization or a functional mission area. It is an essential
tool for effectively and efficiently engineering business processes and for implementing and
evolving supporting systems [and] ... a critical success factor allowing organizations to
effectively apply information technology (IT) to meet mission goals.” U.S. General
Accounting Office, Information Technology: A Framework for Assessing and Improving
Enterprise Architecture Management
(Version 1.1), GAO Report GAO-03-584G
(Washington: April 2003), p. 1.
27 Harris, “White House to Unveil First Homeland Security Tech Blueprint,” p. 1.
28 U.S. Congress, House Committee on Government Reform, Out of Many, One: Assessing
Barriers to Information Sharing in the Department of Homeland Security
, 108th Cong., 1st
sess., hearing, May 8, 2003 (Washington: GPO, 2003), p. 19.

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of primary component organizations, some of which initially will be spread around
the Washington metropolitan area. Another consideration for these plans is the
efficient, economical, and secure transmission of officially protected “homeland
security” information to relevant state and local officials. In late April 2003, the
Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Investigation reportedly were
expanding their networks to share homeland security data across levels of
government and with private sector organizations.29
By early December 2002, efforts were actively underway for planning and
locating a headquarters facility for the new department. By one account, several sites
in the Washington metropolitan area were under consideration, including three in the
District of Columbia, three in Maryland, and two in Virginia. Since 1800, when the
federal government arrived in Washington, the headquarters of almost all Cabinet
departments have been located in the District. In early January 2003, the Bush
Administration won approval from the House for its plan to lease a headquarters
facility in northern Virginia.30 Near the end of the month, however, it was announced
that initial department headquarters would be located in a building at the U.S. Naval
Security Station in the northwest sector of the District of Columbia near the campus
of American University.31 The choice of a site has implications not only for the local
economy, but also for the recruitment and retention of department personnel for
headquarters staff and for surrounding transportation systems.
The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) indicated late in December 2002
that it intended to have the DHS personnel system operational by June 1, 2003.
Among other issues, OPM would be attempting to reconcile differences among 15
basic pay systems, 12 special pay systems, 10 hiring methods, eight overtime pay
rates, seven payroll and benefit systems, five locality pay systems, and 19
performance management systems coming to the department. The Bush
Administration reportedly was planning to solicit input from a variety of sources,
including federal employees, union representatives, personnel experts, and
government reform organizations. About 18,000 of the department’s anticipated
170,000 employees would work in the Washington area, and 46,000 of the
department’s workforce are represented by 17 unions.32 Noting that personnel
29 See Wilson P. Dizard III, “First Responders Get Homeland Security Network,”
Government Computer News, Apr. 28, 2003, available at [http://www.gcn.com/
22_9/news/21878-1,html].
30 Spencer S. Hsu and Neil Irwin, “Northern Va. Likely to Be New Homeland Security
Site,” Washington Post, Jan. 8, 2003, pp. A1, A8; Neil Irwin and Peter Whoriskey, “Defense
Ties to Va. Help Lure Agency,” Washington Post, Jan. 9, 2003, pp. B1, B8; Tim Lemke,
“Homeland Security Eyes Site in Chantilly,” Washington Times, Jan. 9, 2003, p. A10.
31 Spencer S. Hsu and Neil Irwin, “Homeland Security Settles on D.C.,” Washington Post,
Jan. 23, 2003, pp. A1, A9; Audrey Hudson and Tim Lemke, “Ridge’s Offices Will Be in
NW,” Washington Times, Jan. 23, 2003, pp. A1, A9; Neil Irwin, “From the Ground Up:
Symbolic Choice for Homeland Security Site,” Washington Post, Jan. 27, 2003, pp. E1, E9;
Tim Lemke, “Homeland Location Decision Surprises Many,” Washington Times, Jan. 24,
2003, pp. C8-C9.
32 Tim Kaufmann, “OPM Promises Homeland Security Personnel System by June,” Federal
(continued...)

CRS-10
management arrangements and collective bargaining rights were among the most
contentious and divisive issues surrounding the legislating of the mandate for the
Department of Homeland Security, the Federal Times editorialized that, because
“White House architects building the new department have done much to alienate the
170,000-person work force that will soon join the new department,” the Bush
Administration should begin “patching up its dysfunctional relationship with the
future middle managers and employees of the new Homeland Security
Department.”33 Two weeks later, Ridge took a step in this direction with a so-called
Town Hall Meeting for Future Employees of the department.34 The process for
designing the department’s new human resources management system was formally
launched on April 1.35 Near the end of July 2003, a design team responsible for
developing personnel system options for the department presented their findings to
a review committee of management and union officials. The resulting 52 options for
pay and classification, labor relations, adverse action, and appeals were made public
on October 3 on the DHS and OPM websites, but, by the end of the month, the
negotiating officials had failed to narrow down the options.36
On January 23, 2003, just before the new department became operational,
President Bush issued E.O. 13284, making certain adjustments in specified
presidential directives to include the Secretary of Homeland Security and other
department officials.37 Shortly thereafter, information management regulations for
the department were published in the Federal Register.38 Homeland Security
Presidential Directive 5 of February 28, 2003, designated the Secretary as the
principal federal official for domestic incidents management.
A reorganization of border agencies was announced by Secretary Ridge on
January 30.39 On February 28, President Bush issued E.O. 13286 making
32 (...continued)
Times, Dec. 2, 2002, pp. 1, 5; Christopher Lee, “OPM Begins Sorting Security Personnel,”
Washington Post, Dec. 9, 2002, p. A21.
33 Editorial, “An Olive Branch for Security,” Federal Times, Dec. 2, 2002, p. 14.
34 Stephen Barr, “Ridge Addresses Workers,” Washington Post, Dec. 18, 2002, p. A33; a
t r a n s c r i p t o f r e m a r k s m a d e a t t h i s m e e t i n g i s a v a i l a b l e a t
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/12/print/20021217-14.html].
35 See Brian Friel, “New Department Begins Pay and Personnel Overhaul,” GovExec.com,
Apr. 1, 2003, available at [http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0403/040103b1.htm].
36 Bridgette Blair, “Team Develops Homeland HR Options,” Federal Times, Oct. 6, 2003,
p. 3; Bridgette Blair, “Officials Fail to Narrow Down Options for Personnel System,”
Federal
Times, Oct. 27, 2003, p. 11.
37 Federal Register, vol. 68, Jan. 28, 2003, pp. 4075-4078; also see E.O. 13286 in ibid.,
Mar. 5, 2003, pp. 10619-10633.
38 Ibid., Jan. 27, 2003, pp. 4056-4074.
39 Department of Homeland Security, “DHS Announces Border Security Reorganization,”
press release, Jan. 30, 2003, available at [http://www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/display?content=
422]; Department of Homeland Security, “Border Reorganization Remarks by Secretary
(continued...)

CRS-11
adjustments in various executive orders to reflect the transfer of functions and
responsibilities resulting from the establishment of the Department of Homeland
Security.40 Formulation of the new department took a major step on March 1 when,
in accordance with the President’s reorganization plan, some three dozen agencies
and programs were transferred to the new department. Among these were functions
of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, which were relocated within the
Bureau of Customs and Border Security, which will count about 30,000 employees,
and the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, which will have
approximately 14,000 personnel. Ultimately, all such transfers were to be completed
by September 30, 2003.
Testifying before the House Select Committee on Homeland Security at a May
20, 2003, hearing, Secretary Ridge announced plans to create regional offices that
would serve as primary contact points with state and local government officials.
These regional offices are likely to be determined within the context of rearranging
the department’s field structure. Section 706 of the Homeland Security Act requires
the secretary, not later than one year after the enactment of the statute, to develop and
submit to Congress a plan for consolidating and co-locating regional or field offices
of agencies transferred to the department or portions of regional and field offices of
other federal agencies, to the extent that such offices perform functions that were
transferred to the Secretary of Homeland Security.
On June 6, department officials announced the creation of a National Cyber
Security Division within the Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection
Directorate. A main objective of the new entity will be implementing the recently
unveiled National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace.41 The head of the division will also
be the President’s chief cybersecurity adviser, moved from the National Security
Council staff to the Department of Homeland Security. Critics view this move as not
only a loss of status for the position, but also a loss of authority, as the incumbent
will be at least three steps below the office of Secretary of Homeland Security Tom
Ridge. Richard A. Clarke, who served in the position during the previous and
present administrations, pronounced the relocation unworkable, “not a senior enough
position.”42 The position had been vacant since late April 2003, when Clarke’s
successor abruptly resigned after about four months of service.
A Washington Post news column assessing DHS six months after it became
operational found the new department “hobbled by money woes, disorganization, turf
battles and unsteady support from the White House” and making “only halting
progress towards its goals, according to administration officials and independent
experts.” However, “despite the distraction of turmoil at the top of the department,
39 (...continued)
Ridge,” transcript, available from a link on the above URL.
40 Federal Register, vol. 68, Mar. 5, 2003, pp. 10619-10633.
41 Dennis Fisher, “DHS Unveils Cyber-Security Division,” eweek, June 6, 2003, available
at [http://www.eweek.com/print_article/0,3668,a=43006,00.asp].
42 Associated Press, “Cybersecurity Post to be in Ridge’s Department,” Washington Post,
May 27, 2003, p. E5.

CRS-12
its many agencies are moving forward with their missions.” The turbulence within
the secretary’s office resulted partly from Ridge, who is “not detail-oriented,”
delegating tasks to his chief of staff, Bruce M. Lawlor, who did not include Deputy
Secretary Gordon England in some important decisions. England is due to return to
his previous post as Secretary of the Navy and Lawlor, whose manner was thought
to have “alienated many people in the White House,” is expected to take a lower-
level DHS position. It was also felt that “the staff around Ridge is exceedingly
spare.” The department also experienced “cascading budget crises that have led
officials to make emergency cuts in crucial programs such as port security and air
marshals, which Congress has then overruled.”43
A chronology of events — deadlines and effective dates — prescribed by the
Homeland Security Act and the President’s Department of Homeland Security
Reorganization Plan is provided in Table 2. The table does not include Title X of
the Homeland Security Act, which was superseded by provisions of Title III of the
E-Government Act,44 both titles making information security amendments to the
Paperwork Reduction Act.45
43 John Mintz, “Government’s Hobbled Giant,” Washington Post, Sept. 7, 2003, pp. A1,
A19-A20.
44 116 Stat. 2899 at 2946.
45 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.

CRS-13
Table 2. Deadlines and Effective Dates: Homeland Security Act
and Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan
Event Date
Event
November 25, 2002
President George W. Bush signs the Homeland Security Act
into law as P.L. 107-296.S
The President, pursuant to Section 1502 of the Homeland
Security Act, submits to Congress a reorganization plan
regarding two categories of information concerning plans for
the Department of Homeland Security: (1) the transfer of
agencies, personnel, assets, and obligations to the department;
and (2) any consolidation, reorganization, or streamlining of
agencies transferred to the department. This plan is required to
be submitted not later than 60 days after the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act.
All visa-related third party screening programs in Saudi Arabia
are terminated, pursuant to Section 428(i), after the date of the
enactment of the Homeland Security Act.
Section 812(b), concerning the promulgation of guidelines
under the Inspector General Act of 1978, becomes effective,
pursuant to Section 812(c)(2), upon the date of the enactment
of the Homeland Security Act.
December 25, 2002
The Attorney General, pursuant to Section 460 of the Act,
submits to Congress, not more than 30 days after the date of
the enactment of the Homeland Security Act, a report on
changes in law, including changes in authorizations of
appropriations and in appropriations, that are needed to permit
the Immigration and Naturalization Service and the successor
Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services to ensure a
prompt and timely response to emergent, unforeseen, or
impending changes in the number of applications for
immigration benefits, and otherwise to ensure the
accommodation of changing immigration service needs.
December 30, 2002
The President, pursuant to Section 306(d) of the Act, notifies
appropriate congressional committees, not later than 60 days
before effecting any transfer of Department of Energy life
sciences activities pursuant to Section 303(1)(D) of the Act, of
the proposed transfer, including the reasons for same and a
description of the effect of the transfer on the activities of the
Department of Energy. According to the reorganization plan,
Department of Energy life sciences activities are transferred to
the department by March 1, 2003.

CRS-14
Event Date
Event
January 24, 2003
The Homeland Security Act, pursuant to Section 4, becomes
effective 60 days after the date of its enactment.
The Secretary of the Treasury, pursuant to Section 418(b) of
the Act, submits, not later than 60 days after the date of the
enactment of the Homeland Security Act, a report to the Senate
Committee on Finance and House Committee on Ways and
Means on proposed conforming amendments to the statutes set
forth under Section 412(a)(2), and identify those authorities
vested in the Secretary of the Treasury that are exercised by
the Commissioner of Customs on or before the effective date
of the section.
The Secretary of Transportation, pursuant to Section 423(b) of
the Act, submits, not later than 60 days after the date of the
enactment of the Homeland Security Act, a report to Congress
containing a plan for complying with the requirements of
Section 44901(d) of Title 49, United States Code, as amended
by Section 425 of the Homeland Security Act.
Pursuant to the department reorganization plan:
! the office of the Secretary of Homeland
Security is established;
! appointments, upon confirmation by the
Senate, or transfer pursuant to the transfer
provisions of the Homeland Security Act, are
begun of as many of the following officers as
may be possible — the Deputy Secretary for
Homeland Security, five under secretaries,
the director of the Bureau of Citizenship and
Immigration Services, not more than 12
assistant secretaries, the general counsel, the
inspector general, and the Commissioner of
Customs;
! naming, as soon as possible, of officers to fill
the following offices — Assistant Secretary
for Information Analysis, Assistant Secretary
for Infrastructure Protection, Privacy Officer,
Director of Secret Service, Chief Information
Officer, Chief Human Capital Officer, Chief
Financial Officer, Officer for Civil Rights
and Civil Liberties, Director of Shared
Services, Citizenship and Immigration
Ombudsman, and Director of the Homeland
Security Advanced Research Projects
Agency;
! the Office for State and Local Government;
! Coordination, the Office of International
Affairs, and the Office of National Capital
Region Coordination are established within
the office of the Secretary;
! the Homeland Security Advanced Research

CRS-15
Event Date
Event
Projects Agency and the Acceleration Fund
for Research and Development of Homeland
Security Technologies are established;
! the Office for National Laboratories is
established within the Directorate of Science
and Technology;
! the Bureau of Border Security, the Bureau of
Citizenship and Immigration Services, and
the Director of Shared Services are
established; and
! the Transportation Security Oversight Board
is established.
Tom Ridge is sworn in as the Secretary of Homeland Security.
The director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency,
pursuant to Section 507(b)(2) of the Act, revises the Federal
Response Plan established under E.O. 12148 and E.O. 12656,
not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act, to reflect the establishment of, and
incorporate, the Department of Homeland Security.
The President, pursuant to Section 1502 of the Act, transmits
to the appropriate congressional committees, not later than 60
days after the date of the enactment of the Homeland Security
Act, a reorganization plan for the department.
February 23, 2003
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section
214(e) of the Act, in consultation with appropriate
representatives of the National Security Council and the Office
of Science and Technology Policy, establishes, not later than
90 days after the date of the enactment of Subtitle B of Title II
of the Homeland Security Act, uniform procedures for the
receipt, care, and storage by federal agencies of critical
infrastructure information that is voluntarily submitted to the
government.
The Secretary of Defense, pursuant to Section 601(f) of the
Act, in coordination with the Attorney General, director of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation, and Director of Central
Intelligence, prescribes, not later than 90 days after the date of
the enactment of the Homeland Security Act, regulations to
carry out the provisions of Title VI of the Act concerning
charitable trusts for members of the armed forces of the United
States and other governmental organizations.
The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the
director of the Office of Personnel Management, shall review
the pay and benefit plans of each agency whose functions are
transferred to the Department of Homeland Security and,
within 90 days after the date of the enactment of the Homeland
Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), shall submit a

CRS-16
Event Date
Event
plan to the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House,
and the appropriate committees and subcommittees of
Congress, for ensuring to the maximum extent practicable the
elimination of disparities in pay and benefits throughout the
department.
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section
888(i) of the Act, in consultation with the Commandant of the
Coast Guard, transmits a report to the House and Senate
Appropriations Committees, House Committee on
Transportation and Infrastructure, and Senate Committee on
Commerce, Science, and Transportation, not later than 90 days
after the date of the enactment of the Homeland Security Act,
analyzing the feasibility of accelerating the rate of procurement
in the Coast Guard’s Integrated Deepwater System from 20
years to 10 years and on other related matters.
The Secretary of Transportation, pursuant to Section 1204 of
the act, transmits to the House Committee on Transportation
and Infrastructure and Senate Committee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation, not later than 90 days after the
date of the enactment of the Homeland Security Act, a report
on war risk insurance matters specified in the section.
March 1, 2003
Pursuant to the department reorganization plan, the following
entities are transferred to the department:
! Critical Infrastructure Assurance Office of
the Department of Commerce;
! National Communications System;
! National Infrastructure Protection Center of
the Federal Bureau of Investigation;
! National Infrastructure Simulation and
Analysis Center;
! Energy Assurance Office of the Department
of Energy;
! Federal Computer Incident Response Center
of the General Services Administration;
! Coast Guard;
! Customs Service;
! Transportation Security Administration;
! Immigration and Naturalization Service
functions;
! Federal Protective Service;
! Office of Domestic Preparedness;
! Federal Law Enforcement Training Center;
! Secretary of Agriculture functions relating to
agricultural import and entry inspection
activities;
! United States Secret Service;
! Department of Energy chemical and
biological national security and supporting
programs and activities of the

CRS-17
Event Date
Event
nonproliferation and verification research and
development program;
! Department of Energy life sciences activities
related to microbial pathogens of the
Biological and Environmental Research
Program;
! National Bio-Weapons Defense Analysis
Center of the Department of Defense;
! Department of Energy nuclear smuggling
programs and activities within the
proliferation detection program of the
nonproliferation and verification research and
development program;
! Department of Energy nuclear assessment
program and activities of the assessment,
detection, and cooperation program of the
international materials protection and
cooperation program, as well as the advanced
scientific computing research program and
activities at Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory;
! Environmental Measurements Laboratory of
the Department of Energy;
! Federal Emergency Management Agency;
! Integrated Hazard Information System of the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration;
! National Domestic Preparedness Office of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation and functions
of the Attorney General relating thereto;
! Domestic Energy Support Team of the
Department of Justice and functions of the
Attorney General relating thereto;
! Metropolitan Medical Response System of
the Department of Health and Human
Services and functions of the Secretary of
Health and Human Services and Assistant
Secretary for Public Health
! Emergency Preparedness relating thereto;
! National Disaster Medical System of the
Department of Health and Human Services
and functions of the Secretary of Health and
Human Services and Assistant Secretary for
Public Health Emergency Preparedness
relating thereto;
! Office of Emergency Preparedness and
National Strategic Stockpile of the
Department of Health and Human Services
and functions of the Secretary of Health and
Human Services and Assistant Secretary for
Public Health Emergency Preparedness
relating thereto; and

CRS-18
Event Date
Event
! authority for the Secretary of Homeland
Security to direct the Nuclear Incident
Response Team of the Department of Energy
to operate as an organizational unit.
Sections 451-456 of the Act, establishing the Bureau of
Citizenship and Immigration Services, become effective,
pursuant to Section 455, upon the transfer of relevant functions
of the Immigration and Naturalization Service to the
department.
Authorities, appropriations, and personnel of the Immigration
and Naturalization Service are transferred to the Bureau of
Citizenship and Immigration, pursuant to Section 456 of the
Act, upon the transfer of relevant functions of the Service to
the department.
Section 462 of the Act, concerning children’s affairs, becomes
effective, pursuant to Section 462(d), upon the transfer of
relevant functions of the Immigration and Naturalization
Service to the department.
Upon the abolishment of the Immigration and Naturalization
Service pursuant to Section 471 of the Act, but before they
obligate any resources for voluntary separation incentive
payments, the Attorney General or Secretary of Homeland
Security submit, pursuant to Section 472(b), a strategic
restructuring plan to the House and Senate Appropriations and
Judiciary Committees, House Committee on Government
Reform, and Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs.
March 25, 2003
The director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy,
Executive Office of the President, pursuant to Section 428(h)
of the Act, submits to Congress, not later than 120 days after
the date of the enactment of the Homeland Security Act, a
report on how the provisions of the visa issuance section will
affect procedures for the issuance of student visas.
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section
461(c) of the Act, establishes, not later than 60 days after the
effective date of the Homeland Security Act, a Technical
Advisory Committee to assist with establishing an online filing
system mandated by Section 461(a) of the Act.
April 24, 2003
The Comptroller General of the United States, pursuant to
Section 416 of the Act, submits, not later than three months
after the effective date of the Homeland Security Act, a report
to Congress setting forth all trade functions performed by the
executive branch, specifying each agency that performs each
such function.

CRS-19
Event Date
Event
May 1, 2003
The United States Sentencing Commission, pursuant to Section
225(c) of the Act, submits, not later than May 1, 2003, a brief
report to Congress explaining actions taken by it in response to
provisions of the section and including any recommendations it
may have regarding statutory penalties for offenses under
Section 1030 of Title 18, United States Code.
May 23, 2003
Section 1122 concerning permits for purchasers of explosives
becomes effective, pursuant to Section 1122(i) of the Act, 180
days after the date of the enactment of the Homeland Security
Act.
May 24, 2003
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section
477(a) of the Act, submits to the House and Senate
Appropriations and Judiciary Committees, not later than 120
days after the effective date of the Homeland Security Act, a
report on the proposed division and transfer of funds, including
unexpended funds, appropriations, and fees, between the
Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services and the
Bureau of Border Security.
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section
477(b) of the Act, submits to the House and Senate
Appropriations and Judiciary Committees, not later than 120
days after the effective date of the Homeland Security Act, a
report on the proposed division of personnel between the
Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services and the
Bureau of Border Security.
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section
477(c) of the Act, submits to the House and Senate
Appropriations and Judiciary Committees, not later than 120
days after the effective date of the Homeland Security Act and
every 6 months thereafter until the termination of FY2005, an
implementation plan concerning the separation of the Bureau
of Citizenship and Immigration Services and the Bureau of
Border Security.
The Under Secretary of Transportation for Security, pursuant
to Section 1403(c)(2) of the Act, transmits to Congress, not
later than six months after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act, a report on the results of a study to
evaluate the benefits and risks of providing flight attendants
with nonlethal weapons to aide in combating air piracy and
criminal violence in commercial airlines.
The Secretary of Transportation, pursuant to Section 1404(b)
of the Act, transmits to Congress, not later than 6 months after
the date of the enactment of the Homeland Security Act, a
report on the results of a study on federal law enforcement
officers traveling on commercial airliners annually and other
related matters specified in the section.

CRS-20
Event Date
Event
June 1, 2003
Pursuant to the department reorganization plan, the Plum
Island Animal Disease Center of the Department of
Agriculture is transferred to the department, and the Homeland
Security Science and Technology Advisory Committee is
established.
June 30, 2003
The Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman,
pursuant to Section 452(c), submits, not later than June 30 of
each calendar year, directly to the House and Senate Judiciary
Committees, a report containing recommendations,
summarizing problems encountered by individuals and
employers, and other information as deemed advisable by the
ombudsman.
July 24, 2003
The Attorney General, pursuant to Section 812(b)(2) of the
Act, promulgates, not later than 180 days after the effective
date of the Homeland Security Act, guidelines under Section
6(e)(4) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 applicable to the
inspector general offices described under Section 6(e)(3) of
that Act.
Section 812(a) concerning law enforcement powers of
inspector general agents becomes effective, pursuant to Section
812(c)(1) of the act, 180 days after the effective date of the
Homeland Security Act.
The Agency Chief Human Capital Officers subchapter,
prescribed in Section 1302, becomes effective, pursuant to
Section 1305 of the act, 180 days after the effective date of the
Homeland Security Act.
September 30, 2003
Pursuant to the departmental reorganization plan, any
incidental transfers, pursuant to Section 1516 of the Act, of
personnel, assets, and liabilities held, used, arising from,
available, or to be made available, in connection with the
functions transferred by the act are completed.
November 25, 2003
The Attorney General, pursuant to Section 234(c) of the Act,
submits to the House and Senate Judiciary Committees, not
later than one year after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act, a report on the implementation of
Subtitle D of Title II of the Act.
The director of the Office of Science and Technology of the
Department of Justice, pursuant to Section 235(d) of the Act,
submits to Congress, not later than 12 months after the date of
the enactment of the Homeland Security Act, a report assessing
the effectiveness of the existing system of National Law
Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers and
identifying the number of such Centers necessary to meet the
technology needs of federal, state, and local law enforcement
in the United States.

CRS-21
Event Date
Event
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section
308(b)(2) of the Act and acting through the Under Secretary
for Science and Technology, establishes, within one year of the
date of the enactment of the Homeland Security Act, a
university-based center of centers for homeland security.
The Secretary of Homeland Security and the Secretary of
State, pursuant to Section 428(e)(4), submit to Congress, not
later than one year after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act, a report on the implementation of the
subsection concerning the assignment of homeland security
employees to diplomatic and consular posts with any
legislative proposals necessary to further the objectives of the
subsection.
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section
428(g)(2) of the act, submits to the House Committee on the
Judiciary, House Committee on International Relations, House
Committee on Government Reform, Senate Committee on the
Judiciary, Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, and Senate
Committee on Governmental Affairs, a report, not later than
one year after the date of the enactment of the Homeland
Security Act, containing the findings of a study of the role of
foreign nationals in the granting or refusals of visas and other
documents authorizing the entry of aliens into the United
States.
The Comptroller General of the United States, pursuant to
Section 477(d)(3) of the Act, submits to the House and Senate
Judiciary Committees, a report, not later than one year after the
date of the enactment of the Homeland Security Act,
examining whether the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration
Services is likely to derive sufficient funds from fees to carry
out its functions in the absence of appropriated funds.
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section
479(a) of the Act, submits to the President, House and Senate
Judiciary Committees, House Committee on Government
Reform, and Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs, a
report, one year after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act and each year thereafter, on the impact
that transfers made by this subtitle have had on immigration
functions.
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section 706
of the Act, develops and submits to Congress, not later than
one year after the date of the enactment of the Homeland
Security Act, a plan for consolidating and co-locating
department regional or field offices.
The Federal Acquisition Regulation, pursuant to Section

CRS-22
Event Date
Event
834(a) of the Act, is revised, within one year of the date of the
enactment of the Homeland Security Act, to include
regulations with regard to unsolicited proposals.
The President, pursuant to Section 893 of the Act, submits, not
later than 12 months after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act, a report, to the House and Senate
Judiciary Committees, House Permanent Select Committee on
Intelligence, and Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, on
the implementation of procedures under which relevant federal
agencies share relevant and appropriate homeland security
information with other federal agencies, including the
department and appropriate state and local personnel as
prescribed by Section 892.
January 24, 2004
The Privacy Officer, pursuant to Section 222(5), submits to
Congress, on an annual basis, a report on activities of the
department that affect privacy, including complaints of privacy
violations, implementation of the Privacy Act of 1974, internal
controls, and other matters.
The Homeland Security Institute, pursuant to Section 312(f) of
the Act, transmits to the Secretary of Homeland Security and
Congress an annual report on its activities.
The Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Homeland
Security, pursuant to Section 421(e)(1), enter into an
agreement before the end of the transition period, which is the
12-month period beginning on the effective date of the Act, to
effectuate the transfer of certain agricultural inspection
functions required specified in the section.
The Secretary of Agriculture, pursuant to Section 421(g),
transfers to the Secretary of Homeland Security, not later than
the completion of the transition period, which is the 12-month
period beginning on the effective date of the act, not more than
3,200 full-time equivalent positions of the Department of
Agriculture.
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section
428(e)(4), submits to Congress, on an annual basis, a report
that describes the basis for each determination that the
assignment of an employee of the department at a particular
diplomatic post would not promote homeland security.
Subsection 428(e) of the Act, concerning the assignment of
homeland security employees to diplomatic and consular posts,
becomes effective one year after the effective date of the
Homeland Security Act, pursuant to Section 428(e)(8), unless
the President has previously published notice in the Federal
Register
that the President has submitted a report to Congress
setting forth a memorandum of understanding between the

CRS-23
Event Date
Event
Secretary of Homeland Security and the Secretary of State
governing the implementation of Section 428 of the Act.
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section 445
of the Act, submits to the House and Senate Appropriations
and Judiciary Committees, not later than one year after being
sworn into office, a report with a plan detailing how the
Bureau of Border Security, after the transfer of Immigration
and Naturalization Service functions to the department occurs,
will enforce comprehensively, effectively, and fairly all the
enforcement provisions of the Immigration and Naturalization
Act relating to such functions.
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section 459
of the Act, submits to the House and Senate Appropriations
and Judiciary Committees, not later than one year after the
effective date of the Homeland Security Act, a report with a
plan detailing how the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration
Services, after the transfer of Immigration and Naturalization
Service functions to the department occurs, will complete
efficiently, fairly, and within a reasonable time, adjudications
described in Section 451(b)(1)-(5) of the Act.
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section
461(a) of the Act, establishes, not later than one year after the
effective date of the Homeland Security Act, and in
consultation with the Technology Advisory Committee, an
Internet-based system that will permit a person, employer,
immigrant, or nonimmigrant who has filed with a Secretary of
Homeland Security for any benefit under the Immigration and
Naturalization Act, access to online information about the
processing status of the filing involved.
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section
461(b)(2), reports to the House and Senate Judiciary
Committees, not later than one year after the effective date of
the Homeland Security Act, on a feasibility study on an online
filing system mandated by Section 461(a) of the Act.
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section
705(b) of the Act, submits to the President of the Senate, the
Speaker of the House, and appropriate committees and
subcommittees of Congress, on an annual basis, a report on the
implementation of the section establishing the Officer for Civil
Rights and Civil Liberties.
The Office for National Capital Region Coordination of the
department, pursuant to Section 882(c), submits an annual
report to Congress, including certain specified details.
The Inspector General of the department, pursuant to Section
888(f), reports to the House and Senate Appropriations

CRS-24
Event Date
Event
Committees, House Committee on Government Reform, House
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, Senate
Committee on Governmental Affairs, and Senate Committee
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, on an annual
basis, the results of a review assessing thoroughly the
performance by the Coast Guard of all of its missions with a
particular emphasis on examining the non-homeland security
missions.
The Chief Human Capital Officers Council, pursuant to
Section 1302 of the Act at 5 U.S.C. 1303(d), submits to
Congress, on an annual basis, a report on the activities of the
council.
The President’s reorganization plan for the department,
prepared pursuant to Section 1502 of the Act, becomes
effective, pursuant to Section 1502(d), either as specified in
terms of dates included in the plan or at the end of the
transition period, which is 12 months after the effective date of
the Homeland Security Act.
January 31, 2004
The Homeland Security Science and Technology Advisory
Committee renders, pursuant to Section 311(h)(1), an annual
report, describing the activities and recommendations of the
committee during the previous year, to the Under Secretary for
Science and Technology for transmittal to Congress on or
before January 31 of each year.
February 2, 2004
The director of the Office of Science and Technology of the
Department of Justice, pursuant to Section 232(g) of the Act,
prepares a report on the activities of the Office, to be included
with the President’s budget as submitted to Congress not later
than the first Monday in February of each year (31 U.S.C.
1105(a)).
March 1, 2004
The Assistant Secretary of the Bureau of Border Security,
pursuant to Section 442(a)(5)(A), designs and implements, not
later than one year after the transfer of Immigration and
Naturalization Service (INS) functions to the bureau, a
managerial rotation program under which bureau employees
holding positions involving supervisory or managerial
responsibility gain some experience in all major functions
performed by the bureau and work in at least one local office
of the bureau. According to the reorganization plan, INS
functions are transferred to the department on March 1, 2003.
The Director of the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration
Services, pursuant to Section 451(a)(4)(A), designs and
implements, not later than one year after the transfer of
Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) functions to the
bureau, a managerial rotation program under which bureau
employees holding positions involving supervisory or
managerial responsibility gain some experience in all major

CRS-25
Event Date
Event
functions performed by the bureau and work in at least one
local office of the bureau. According to the reorganization
plan, INS functions are transferred to the department on March
1, 2003.
March 31, 2004
The Comptroller General of the United States, pursuant to
Section 857 of the Act, reports to the House Committee on
Government Reform and Senate Committee on Governmental
Affairs, not later than March 31, 2004, the results of a review
of the extent to which procurements of property and services
have been made in accordance with the federal emergency
procurement flexibility authority prescribed in Sections 851-
856 of the Act.
May 25, 2004
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section
427(c), in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture,
Secretary of Health and Human Services, and head of each
other department or agency determined to be appropriate by
the Secretary of Homeland Security, submits to Congress, not
later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act, a report on the coordination of
information and information technology described in the
section and a plan to complete implementation of the section.
September 1, 2004
The Comptroller General of the United States, pursuant to
Section 477(d)(1) of the Act, submits to the House and Senate
Appropriations and Judiciary Committees, not later than 18
months after the date on which Immigration and Naturalization
Service functions are transferred to the department, and every
six months thereafter, a status report on the transition and
related matters specified in the section.
November 25, 2004
The requirement in Section 424a of the Act, that the
Transportation Security Administration be maintained as a
distinct entity within the department under the Under Secretary
for Border Transportation and Security, ceases, pursuant to
Section 424b of the Act, to apply two years after the date of the
enactment of the Homeland Security Act.
The Chief Human Capital Officer, pursuant to Section 704(3)
of the Act, informs Congress, not later than 24 months after the
date of the enactment of the Homeland Security Act, of
achieving certification from the Office of Special Counsel of
the Department of Homeland Security’s compliance with
Section 2302(c) of Title 5, United States Code.
January 24, 2005
The Comptroller General of the United States, pursuant to
Section 831(b) of the Act, reports to the House Committee on
Government Reform and Senate Committee on Governmental
Affairs, not later than two years after the effective date of the
Homeland Security Act and annually thereafter, concerning the
use of the research and development projects authority

CRS-26
Event Date
Event
provided in Section 831(a) of the Act.
February 1, 2005
The homeland security funding analysis required by Section
889 for inclusion in the President’s budget submission to
Congress becomes effective, pursuant to Section 889(c), with
the FY2005 budget submission.
March 1, 2005
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section
442(a)(5)(B), submits to Congress, not later than 2 years after
the transfer of Immigration and Naturalization Service
functions to the department, a report on the implementation of
a managerial rotation program under which Bureau of Border
Security employees holding positions involving supervisory or
managerial responsibility gain some experience in all major
functions performed by the bureau and work in at least one
local office of the bureau. According to the reorganization
plan, Immigration and Naturalization Service functions are
transferred to the department by March 1, 2003.
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section
451(a)(4)(B), submits to Congress, not later than 2 years after
the transfer of Immigration and Naturalization Service
functions to the department, a report on the implementation of
a managerial rotation program under which Bureau of
Citizenship and Immigration Services employees holding
positions involving supervisory or managerial responsibility
gain some experience in all major functions performed by the
bureau and work in at least one local office of the bureau.
According to the reorganization plan, Immigration and
Naturalization Service functions are transferred to the
department by March 1, 2003.
May 1, 2005
Each budget request submitted to Congress for the department
under Section 1105 of Title 31, United States Code, shall,
pursuant to Section 874 of the Act, at or about the same time,
be accompanied by a Future Years Homeland Security
Program, effective with the submission of the FY2005 budget
request for the department and for any subsequent fiscal year,
except the first such program submission shall be not later than
90 days after the department’s FY2005 submission to
Congress.
March 28, 2006
The Comptroller General of the United States, pursuant to
Section 833(e) of the Act, reports to the House Committee on
Government Reform and the Senate Committee on
Governmental Affairs, not later than 180 days after the end of
FY2005, on the use of the special streamlined acquisition
authority prescribed in the section.
March 1, 2007
The Comptroller General of the United States, pursuant to
Section 477(d)(2) of the Act, submits to the House and Senate
Appropriations and Judiciary Committees, a report, not later
than four years after the transfer of Immigration and

CRS-27
Event Date
Event
Naturalization Service functions to the department, on
improvements in the management, financial administration,
and other matters regarding such functions.
September 30, 2007
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section
833(a)(1) of the Act, may use special streamlined acquisition
authority prescribed in the section beginning on the effective
date of the Homeland Security Act and ending September 30,
2007.
November 25, 2007
The Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security,
pursuant to Section 473 of the Act, conduct, not later than five
years after the date of the enactment of the Homeland Security
Act, a demonstration project for the purpose of determining
whether one or more changes in the policies or procedures
relating to methods for disciplining employees would result in
improved personnel management.
January 24, 2008
The Secretary of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section
831(a) of the Act, may carry out a pilot program, during the
five-year period after the effective date of the Homeland
Security Act, of prototype projects in accordance with the
requirements and conditions provided for same under Section
845 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
1994.
January 24, 2009
The authority of the Secretary of Homeland Security and the
director of the Office of Personnel Management to prescribe
regulations jointly for a department human resources
management system under Section 841 of the Act expires,
pursuant to Section 9701(h) of Title 5, United States Code, 5
years after the conclusion of the transition period defined in
Section 1501 of the Act.
Congressional Oversight. By one estimate, “[a]t least 11 full committees
in the Senate and 14 full committees in the House — as well as their numerous
subcommittees — claim oversight or some responsibility for various U.S. programs
for combating terrorism.”46 In the House, the President’s legislative proposal for a
Department of Homeland Security was referred to 12 standing committees deemed
to have some jurisdiction over the legislation. These situations suggest that many
House and Senate committees and subcommittees could conduct oversight of the
administration and operations of the Department of Homeland Security. However,
during its initial organization meeting, when adopting new rules, the House agreed
to the establishment, for the duration of the 108th Congress, of a Select Committee
on Homeland Security. The panel, whose members are appointed by the Speaker, has
legislative authority and is mandated to “review and study on a continuing basis laws,
46 U.S. Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Second Annual Report: Toward a National Strategy for
Combating Terrorism
(Arlington, VA: Rand Corporation, Dec. 15, 2001), p. vii.

CRS-28
programs, and Government activities relating to homeland security.”47 Some
additional oversight may be conducted by other House standing committees. The
Senate will rely largely upon the Committee on Governmental Affairs for oversight,
but this will not preclude oversight efforts by other committees. On February 11, the
House Committee on Appropriations reorganized its subcommittees, creating a
Subcommittee on Homeland Security, with jurisdiction over the agencies and
programs of the new department, and a reconfigured Subcommittee on
Transportation and Treasury. A similar subcommittee reorganization occurred within
the Senate Committee on Appropriations a few weeks later, in early March 2003.
The periodic authorization of the expenditure of appropriated funds by the
Department of Homeland Security for its programs and operations provide one basis
for oversight. GAO audits and reviews of the accounts and activities of the
Department of Homeland Security may also foster and assist oversight efforts. For
example, in early April 2003, a GAO study found that traditional Coast Guard duties
have suffered as it has turned its focus to homeland security responsibilities.48
As the second year of oversight began, the focus had shifted from the start-up
of the department and its general administrative operations and overall organizational
arrangements to particular programs, areas of concern, and intergovernmental
relations — as reflected in a report prepared by the minority party members of the
House Select Committee.49 Also, January 2004 found the House Select Committee
examining ways to measure how spending on homeland security is deterring
terrorists, and beginning to design a homeland security authorization bill similar to
the annual defense authorization legislation. The latter measure would set a wide
range of rules, deadlines, and other policies for the Department of Homeland Security
and its disparate programs. Earlier, in November 2003, the committee had begun
exploring performance measures, priorities, and reporting requirements for the
department.
The Homeland Security Act contains a number of provisions prescribing actions
and requiring reports to Congress by the Secretary of Homeland Security, Department
of Homeland Security officials, other executive branch officials, and the General
Accounting Office, which will likely prove to be valuable for congressional
oversight. These provisions are identified in Table 3.
47 See Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 149, Jan. 7, 2003, p. H10.
48 Christopher Lee, “Traditional Coast Guard Duties Suffer, Study Says,” Washington Post,
Apr. 2, 2003, p. A15.
49 America at Risk: The State of Homeland Security—Initial Findings, prepared by the
Democratic Members of the House Select Committee on Homeland Security (Washington:
January 2004), available at [http://www.house.gov/hsc/democrats/].

CRS-29
Table 3. Homeland Security Act Action and Reporting
Requirements
Section
Action or Requirement
§214(e)
Not later than 90 days after the enactment of Subtitle B of Title
II of the Homeland Security Act, the Secretary of Homeland
Security shall, in consultation with appropriate representatives
of the National Security Council and the Office of Science and
Technology Policy, establish uniform procedures for the
receipt, care, and storage by federal agencies of critical
infrastructure information that is voluntarily submitted to the
government.
§222(5)
The Privacy Officer of the Department of Homeland Security
shall prepare and submit a report to Congress on an annual basis
on activities of the department that affect privacy, including
complaints of privacy violations, implementation of the Privacy
Act of 1974, internal controls, and other matters.
§225(c)
Not later than May 1, 2003, the United States Sentencing
Commission shall submit a brief report to Congress that
explains any actions taken by the Sentencing Commission in
response to this section, known as the Cyber Security
Enhancement Act of 2002, and includes any recommendations
the commission may have regarding statutory penalties for
offenses under 18 U.S.C. 1030.
§232(g)
The director of the Office of Science and Technology,
Department of Justice, shall include with the budget
justification materials submitted to Congress in support of the
Department of Justice budget for each fiscal year a report on the
activities of the office, including certain specified details.
§234(c)
Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
Attorney General shall submit to the Committee on the
Judiciary of the Senate and the House of Representatives a
report on the implementation of Subtitle D of Title II of the Act,
including certain specified details.
§235(d)
Not later than 12 months after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
director of the Office of Science and Technology, Department
of Justice, shall submit to Congress a report assessing the
effectiveness of the existing system of National Law
Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers, authorized
by the section, and identify the number of centers necessary to
meet the technology needs of federal, state, and local law
enforcement in the United States.

CRS-30
Section
Action or Requirement
§306(d)
Not later than 60 days before effecting any transfer of
Department of Energy life sciences activities pursuant to
Section 303(1)(D) (which is March 1, 2003, according to the
President’s November 25, 2002, reorganization plan), the
President shall notify the appropriate congressional committees
of the proposed transfer and shall include the reasons for the
transfer and a description of the effect of the transfer on the
activities of the Department of Energy.
§308(b)(2)
Within one year of the date of the enactment of the Homeland
Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the Secretary of
Homeland Security, acting through the Under Secretary for
Science and Technology, shall establish a university-based
center or centers for homeland security.
§308(b)(2)(C)
The Secretary of Homeland Security has discretion to establish
university-based centers and to consider additional criteria as
necessary to meet the evolving needs of homeland security and
shall report to Congress concerning the implementation of this
provision.
§308(c)(3)(E)
If the Secretary of Homeland Security chooses to establish a
headquarters laboratory, a report shall be made to appropriate
congressional committees on which laboratory was so selected,
how the selected laboratory meets the published criteria, and
what duties the headquarters laboratory shall perform.
§310(d)(1)
At least 180 days before any change in the biosafety level at the
Plum Island Animal Disease Center, the President shall notify
Congress of the change and describe the reasons for the change.
§311(h)(1)
The Homeland Security Science and Technology Advisory
Committee shall render an annual report to the Under Secretary
for Science and Technology, Department of Homeland Security,
for transmittal to Congress on or before January 31 of each
year, and such report shall describe the activities and
recommendations of the advisory committee during the
previous year.
§311(h)(2)
The Homeland Security Science and Technology Advisory
Committee, in addition to its annual report, may render to the
Under Secretary for Science and Technology, Department of
Homeland Security, for transmittal to Congress such additional
reports on specific policy matters as it considers appropriate.
§311(j)
The Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology
Advisory Committee terminates three years after the effective
date of the Homeland Security Act (which was January 24,
2003).
§312(f)
The Homeland Security Institute shall transmit to the Secretary
of Homeland Security and Congress an annual report on the
activities of the Institute.

CRS-31
Section
Action or Requirement
§312(g)
The Homeland Security Institute terminates three years after the
effective date of the Homeland Security Act (which was
January 24, 2002).
§416
Not later than three months after the effective date of the
Homeland Security Act (which was January 24, 2003), the
Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to
Congress a report that sets forth all trade functions performed
by the executive branch, specifying each agency that performs
each such function.
§417(b)
The Secretary of Homeland Security shall notify the House
Committee on Ways and Means and the Senate Committee on
Finance at least 90 days prior to taking any action which would
(1) result in any significant reduction in customs revenue
services, including hours of operation, provided at any office
within the department or any port of entry; (2) eliminate or
relocate any office of the department which provides customs
revenue services; or (3) eliminates any port of entry.
§418(a)
The United States Customs Service shall, on and after the
effective date of the Homeland Security Act (which was
January 24, 2003), continue to submit to the House Committee
on Ways and Means and the Senate Committee on Finance any
report required, on the day before the effective date of the act,
to be so submitted under any provision of law.
§418(b)
Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
Secretary of the Treasury shall submit a report to the House
Committee on Ways and Means and the Senate Committee on
Finance of proposed conforming amendments to the statutes set
forth under Section 412(a)(2) in order to determine the
appropriate allocation of legal authorities described under this
subsection. The Secretary of the Treasury shall also identify
those authorities vested in the Secretary of the Treasury that are
exercised by the Commissioner of Customs on or before the
effective date of this section.
§421(e)(1)
Before the end of the transition period, which is the 12-month
period beginning on the effective date of the Homeland Security
Act (which was January 24, 2003), the Secretary of Agriculture
and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall enter into an
agreement to effectuate the transfer of certain agricultural
inspection functions as specified in the section.
§421(g)
Not later than the completion of the transition period, which is
the 12-month period beginning on the effective date of the
Homeland Security Act (which was January 24, 2003), the
Secretary of Agriculture shall transfer to the Secretary of
Homeland Security not more than 3,200 full-time equivalent
positions of the Department of Agriculture.

CRS-32
Section
Action or Requirement
§423(b)
Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
Secretary of Transportation shall transmit to Congress a report
containing a plan for complying with the requirements of 49
U.S.C. 44901(d), as amended by Section 425 of the Homeland
Security Act.
§424
Two years after the date of the enactment of the Homeland
Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the requirement
that the Transportation Security Administration be maintained
as a distinct entity within the Department of Homeland Security
expires.
§425
Amendments to 49 U.S.C. 44901(d) specify:
! the Under Secretary of Transportation for
Security shall submit to the House Committee
on Transportation and Infrastructure and the
Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation a detailed plan, which may be
submitted in security classified form, for the
deployment of the number of explosive
detection systems necessary to meet
prescribed requirements as soon as practicable
but in no event later than December 31, 2003;
and
! until the Transportation Security
Administration has met prescribed explosive
detection systems requirements, the Under
Secretary for Transportation Security shall
submit a security classified report every 30
days after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November
25, 2002) to the House Committee on
Transportation and Infrastructure and the
Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation describing the progress made
toward meeting such requirements at each
airport.
§427(c)
Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the
Secretary of Agriculture, Secretary of Health and Human
Services, and head of such other department or agency
determined to be appropriate by the Secretary of Homeland
Security, shall submit to Congress a report on the progress
made in implementing information and information technology
coordination arrangements prescribed in the section and a plan
to complete implementation of same.

CRS-33
Section
Action or Requirement
§428(e)(4)
The Secretary of Homeland Security shall, on an annual basis,
submit a report to Congress that describes the basis for each
determination that the assignment of an employee of the
Department of Homeland Security at a particular diplomatic
post for visa issuance duties would not promote homeland
security.
§428(e)(7)
Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
Secretary of Homeland Security and the Secretary of State shall
submit to Congress a report on the implementation of the visa
issuance program with any legislative proposals necessary to
further the objectives of the program.
§428(g)
The Secretary of Homeland Security shall conduct a study of
the role of foreign nationals in the granting or refusal of visas
and other documents authorizing the entry of aliens into the
United States, including certain specified details. Not later than
one year after the date of the enactment of the Homeland
Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the Secretary of
Homeland Security shall submit a report containing the findings
of the aforementioned study to the House Government Reform,
International Relations, and Judiciary Committees and the
Senate Foreign Relations, Governmental Affairs, and Judiciary
Committees.
§428(h)
Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy,
Executive Office of the President, shall submit to Congress a
report on how the provisions of the visa issuance program will
affect procedures for the issuance of student visas.
§442(a)(5)
Not later than one year after the date on which the transfer of
the immigration enforcement functions specified in Section 441
takes effect (which is March 1, 2003, according to the
President’s November 25, 2002, reorganization plan), the
assistant secretary of the Bureau of Border Security shall design
and implement a management rotation program under which
bureau employees holding positions involving supervisory or
managerial responsibility of grade GS-14 and above shall gain
some experience in all of the major functions performed by the
bureau and work in at least one local office of the bureau. Not
later than two years after the date on which the transfer of the
immigration enforcement functions specified in Section 441
takes effect (which is March 1, 2003, according to the
President’s November 25, 2002, reorganization plan), the
Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit a report to
Congress on the implementation of the management rotation
program.

CRS-34
Section
Action or Requirement
§445(a)
The Secretary of Homeland Security, not later than one year
after being sworn into office (which was January 24, 2003, for
Secretary Tom Ridge), shall submit to the Committees on
Appropriations and the Judiciary of the House and Senate a
report with a plan detailing how the Bureau of Border Security,
after the transfer of immigration enforcement functions
specified in Section 441 takes effect (which is March 1, 2003,
according to the President’s November 25, 2002, reorganization
plan), will enforce comprehensively, effectively, and fairly all
the enforcement provisions of the Immigration and Nationality
Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.) relating to such functions.
§451(a)(4)
Not later than one year after the date on which the transfer of
the functions specified in Section 441 takes effect (which is
March 1, 2003, according to the President’s November 25,
2002, reorganization plan), the director of the Bureau of
Citizenship and Immigration Services shall design and
implement a management rotation program under which bureau
employees holding positions involving supervisory or
managerial responsibility of grade GS-14 and above shall gain
some experience in all of the major functions performed by the
bureau and work in at least one local office of the bureau. Not
later than two years after the date on which the transfer of the
functions specified in Section 441 takes effect (which is March
1, 2003, according to the President’s November 25, 2002,
reorganization plan), the Secretary of Homeland Security shall
submit a report to Congress on the implementation of the
management rotation program. (Section 455 prescribes that
Sections 451-456 shall take effect on the date that the transfer
of the functions specified in Section 441 takes effect.)
§452(c)
Not later than June 30 of each calendar year, the Citizenship
and Immigration Services Ombudsman shall report directly to
the Committee on the Judiciary of the House and Senate on the
objectives of the office of the ombudsman for the fiscal year
beginning in such calendar year, including certain specified
details.
§458
Amends Section 204(a)(1) of the Immigration Services and
Infrastructure Improvements Act of 2002 (8 U.S.C. 1573(a)(1))
to extend the immigration benefit backlog elimination deadline
to one year after the enactment of the Homeland Security Act
(which was November 25, 2002).
§459
The Secretary of Homeland Security, not later than one year
after the effective date of the Homeland Security Act (which
was January 24, 2003), shall submit to the Committees on
Appropriations and the Judiciary of the House and Senate a
report with a plan detailing how the Bureau of Citizenship and
Immigration Services, after the transfer of functions takes
effect, will complete efficiently, fairly, and within a reasonable
time, the adjudications described in paragraphs (1) through (5)
of Section 451(b).

CRS-35
Section
Action or Requirement
§460
Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report on changes
in law, including changes in authorizations of appropriations
and in appropriations that are needed to permit the Immigration
and Naturalization Service, and, after the transfer of functions
takes effect (which is March 1, 2003, according to the
President’s November 25, 2002, reorganization plan), the
Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, to ensure a
prompt and timely response to emergent, unforeseen, or
impending changes in the number of applications for
immigration benefits, and otherwise to ensure the
accommodation of changing immigration service needs.
§461
The Secretary of Homeland Security, not later than one year
after the effective date of the Homeland Security Act (which
was January 24, 2003), shall establish an Internet based system
that will permit access to online information about the
processing status of filings for immigration benefits. Moreover,
the Secretary of Homeland Security shall conduct a feasibility
study of online filing for immigration benefits. A report on this
study shall be submitted to the Committee on the Judiciary of
the House and Senate not later than one year after the effective
date of the Homeland Security Act.
§471(a)
Upon completion of all transfers from the Immigration and
Naturalization Service (which is March 1, 2003, according to
the President’s November 25, 2002, reorganization plan), that
agency is abolished.
§472(b)
Before the Attorney General or the Secretary of Homeland
Security obligates any resources for voluntary separation
incentive payments authorized by the section, such official shall
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a strategic
restructuring plan, including specified details.
§473(f)
The General Accounting Office shall prepare and submit to the
House Committees on Government Reform and the Judiciary
and the Senate Committees on Governmental Affairs and the
Judiciary periodic reports on any disciplinary act demonstration
project authorized by the section, such reports to be submitted
after the second and fourth years of operation.
§477(a)
The Secretary of Homeland Security, not later than 120 days
after the effective date of the Homeland Security Act (which
was January 24, 2003), shall submit to the Committees on
Appropriations and the Judiciary of the House and Senate a
report on the proposed division and transfer of funds, including
unexpended funds, appropriations, and fees, between the
Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services and the Bureau
of Border Security.

CRS-36
Section
Action or Requirement
§477(b)
The Secretary of Homeland Security, not later than 120 days
after the effective date of the Homeland Security Act (which
was January 24, 2003), shall submit to the Committees on
Appropriations and the Judiciary of the House and Senate a
report on the proposed division of personnel between the
Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services and the Bureau
of Border Security.
§477(c)
The Secretary of Homeland Security, not later than 120 days
after the effective date of the Homeland Security Act (which
was January 24, 2003), and every 6 months thereafter until the
termination of FY2005, shall submit to the Committees on
Appropriations and the Judiciary of the House and Senate an
implementation plan regarding the separation of the Bureau of
Citizenship and Immigration Services and the Bureau of Border
Security, including certain specified details.
§477(d)(1)
Not later than 18 months after the date on which the transfer of
functions specified in Section 411 takes effect (which is March
1, 2003, according to the President’s November 25, 2002,
reorganization plan), and every 6 months thereafter until full
implementation has been completed, the Comptroller General of
the United States shall submit to the Committees on
Appropriations and the Judiciary of the House and Senate a
report on the transition, including certain specified details.
§477(d)(2)
Not later than four years after the date on which the transfer of
functions specified in Section 411 takes effect (which is March
1, 2003, according to the President’s November 25, 2002,
reorganization plan), the Comptroller General of the United
States shall submit to the Committees on Appropriations and
the Judiciary of the House and Senate a report on the
management improvements resulting from the transfer of
functions from the Immigration and Naturalization Service to
the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services and the
Bureau of Border Security, including certain specified details
and recommendations for improvements.
§477(d)(3)
Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the
Committee on the Judiciary of the House and Senate a report
examining whether the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration
Services is likely to derive sufficient funds from fees to carry
out its functions in the absence of appropriated funds.

CRS-37
Section
Action or Requirement
§478(a)
One year after the date of the enactment of the Homeland
Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), and each year
thereafter, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit a
report to the President, the House Government Reform and
Judiciary Committees, and the Senate Governmental Affairs
and Judiciary Committees on the impact that the transfer of
Immigration and Naturalization Service functions made by
Subtitle F has had on immigration functions, including certain
specified details.
§507(b)(2)
Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall
revise the Federal Response Plan (established under E.O. 12148
and E.O. 12656) to reflect the establishment of and incorporate
the Department of Homeland Security.
§601(f)
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Attorney
General, the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and
the Director of Central Intelligence, shall prescribe regulations
to carry out Title VI concerning charitable trusts for members
of the armed forces of the United States and other governmental
organizations.
§704(3)
Not later than 24 months after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
Chief Human Capital Officer of the Department of Homeland
Security shall inform Congress of having achieved certification
from the Office of Special Counsel of the department’s
compliance with 5 U.S.C. 2302(c).
§705(b)
The Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit to the
President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House, and the
appropriate committees and subcommittees of Congress on an
annual basis a report on the implementation of the section
establishing an Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties,
including certain specified details.
§706
Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
Secretary of Homeland Security shall develop and submit to
Congress a plan for consolidating and co-locating regional or
field offices of agencies transferred to the Department of
Homeland Security or portions of regional and field offices of
other federal agencies, to the extent that such offices perform
functions that were transferred to the Secretary of Homeland
Security.

CRS-38
Section
Action or Requirement
§812(b)(2)
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
Attorney General shall promulgate guidelines pursuant to the
Inspector General Act of 1978 regarding law enforcement
powers of inspector general agents.
§831(b)
Not later than 2 years after the effective date of the Homeland
Security Act (which was January 24, 2003), and annually
thereafter, the Comptroller General of the United States shall
report to the House Committee on Government Reform and the
Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs whether the
Secretary of Homeland Security’s use of the section’s research
and development authorities attracts nontraditional government
contractors and results in the acquisition of needed
technologies, and, if such authorities were to be made
permanent, whether additional safeguards are needed with
respect to the use of such authorities.
§833(e)
Not later than 180 days after the end of fiscal year 2005, the
Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the
House Committee on Government Reform and the Senate
Committee on Governmental Affairs a report on the use of the
special streamlined acquisition authority provided in the
section, including certain specified details.
§834(a)
Within one year of the date of the enactment of the Homeland
Security Act, the Federal Acquisition Regulation shall be
revised to include regulations with regard to unsolicited
proposals.
§841
An amendment to Subpart I of Part III of Title 5, United States
Code, establishing a human resources management system for
the Department of Homeland Security requires (Section
9701(e)(1)(B)(i)) the Secretary of Homeland Security and the
director of the Office of Personnel Management to notify
Congress of those parts of the human resources management
system proposal or adjustments to same to which they have not
accepted recommendations by employee representatives, and
(Section 9701(e)(1)(C)(iii)) the Secretary of Homeland Security
to notify Congress promptly of the implementation of any part
of the human resources management system proposal or
adjustments to same to which they have not accepted
recommendations by employee representatives, and furnish with
such notice an explanation of the proposal, any changes made to
the proposal as a result of recommendations from employee
representatives, and the reasons why implementation is
appropriate.
§855(b)(2)
The director of the Office of Management and Budget shall
issue guidance and procedures for the use of simplified
acquisition procedures for a purchase of property or services in
excess of $5,000,000 under the authority of this section.

CRS-39
Section
Action or Requirement
§857
Not later than March 31, 2004, the Comptroller General of the
United States shall complete a review of the extent to which
procurements of property and services have been made in
accordance with the federal emergency procurement flexibility
provisions of Subtitle F, which shall include certain specified
details and shall address specific issues and topics identified in
consultations with the House Committee on Government
Reform and the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs,
and the results of such review, together with relevant
recommendations, shall be reported to the committees so
consulted.
§873(c)
Pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1105, the President shall submit to
Congress a detailed budget request for the Department of
Homeland Security for FY2004, and for each subsequent fiscal
year.
§874
Each budget request submitted to Congress for the Department
of Homeland Security pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1105 shall, at or
about the same time, be accompanied by a Future Years
Homeland Security Program, modeled after the Future Years
Defense Program mandated by 10 U.S.C. 221, effective with
respect to the preparation and submission of the FY2005 budget
request for the department and for any subsequent fiscal year,
except that the first such program shall be submitted not later
than 90 days after the department’s FY2005 budget request is
submitted to Congress.
§881
The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the
director of the Office of Personnel Management, shall review
the pay and benefit plans of each agency whose functions are
transferred to the Department of Homeland Security and, within
90 days after the date of the enactment of the Homeland
Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), shall submit a
plan to the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House,
and the appropriate committees and subcommittees of
Congress, for ensuring, to the maximum extent practicable, the
elimination of disparities in pay and benefits throughout the
department.
§882(c)
The Office for National Capital Region Coordination,
Department of Homeland Security, shall submit an annual
report to Congress that includes (1) the identification of the
resources required to implement fully homeland security efforts
in the National Capital Region, (2) an assessment of the
progress made by the National Capital Region in implementing
homeland security efforts; and (3) recommendations to
Congress regarding the additional resources needed to
implement fully homeland security efforts in the National
Capital Region.

CRS-40
Section
Action or Requirement
§888(f)
The Inspector General of the Department of Homeland Security
shall conduct an annual review that shall assess thoroughly the
performance by the Coast Guard of all of its missions with a
particular emphasis on examining the non-homeland security
missions and shall report the results of this review to the House
Appropriations, Government Reform, and Transportation and
Infrastructure Committees and the Senate Appropriations,
Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and Governmental
Affairs Committees.
§888(i)
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the
Commandant of the Coast Guard, shall submit a report to the
House Appropriations and Transportation and Infrastructure
Committees and the Senate Appropriations and Commerce,
Science, and Transportation Committees concerning certain
specified aspects of the Coast Guard’s Integrated Deepwater
System.
§889
Beginning with the FY2005 submission, the President’s budget
shall include a homeland security funding analysis as specified
in amendments to 31 U.S.C. 1105(a).
§893
Not later than 12 months after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
President shall submit to the House Permanent Select
Intelligence and Judiciary Committees and the Senate Select
Intelligence and Judiciary Committees a report on the
implementation of Section 892 concerning procedures
facilitating homeland security information sharing between and
among federal, state, and local entities.
§1001
(The provisions of this section, amending Subchapter II of
Chapter 35, United States Code, are overridden by similar
provisions of Section 301 of the E-Government Act of 2002
(116 Stat. 2899), which, in relevant part, are set out below. The
requirements take effect on the date of the enactment of the E-
Government Act (which was December 17, 2002).)
Section 301 amends Chapter 35 of Title 44, United States Code,
(35 U.S.C. 3543(a)(8)) to require the director of the Office of
Management and Budget to report to Congress no later than
March 1 of each year on agency compliance with the
information security requirements of the subchapter, including
certain specified details. Another such amendment (35 U.S.C.
3544(c)) requires each agency to report annually to the director
of the Office of Management and Budget, the House
Government Reform and Science Committees, the Senate
Commerce, Science, and Transportation and Governmental
Affairs Committees, the appropriate authorization and
appropriations committees of Congress, and the Comptroller
General of the United States on information security matters as
specified in the subsection. Another such amendment (35

CRS-41
Section
Action or Requirement
U.S.C. 3545(e)) requires each agency, each year, not later than
the date established by the director of the Office of
Management and Budget, to submit to the director the results of
an annual independent information security evaluation required
by the section, and a summary of the results of these evaluations
is provided to Congress (35 U.S.C. 3545(g)) in the
aforementioned annual report of the director.
§1003
(The provisions of this section, amending Section 20 of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C.
278g-3), are overridden by similar provisions of Section 303 of
the E-Government Act of 2002 (116 Stat. 2899), which, in
relevant part, are set out below. The requirement takes effect
on the date of the enactment of the E-Government Act (which
was December 17, 2002).)
Section 303 amends the National Institute of Standards and
Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g-3(d)(10)) to require the
Institute to prepare an annual public report on activities
undertaken in the previous year, and planned for the coming
year, to carry out information security responsibilities under the
section.
§1005
(The provisions of this section, amending the Paperwork
Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), are overridden by
similar provisions of Section 305 of the E-Government Act of
2002 (116 Stat. 2899), which, in relevant part, are set out
below. The requirement takes effect on the date of the
enactment of the E-Government Act (which was December 17,
2002).)
Section 305 amends the Paperwork Reduction Act (44
U.S.C.3505(c)(4)) to require the director of the Office of
Management and Budget to issue guidance for, and oversee the
implementation of, the major information systems inventory
requirement of the subsection.
§1204
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
Secretary of Transportation shall transmit to the House
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Senate
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation a report
on war risk insurance as detailed in the section.
§1302
Amends Part II of Title 5, United States Code, to establish a
Chief Human Capital Officers Council, which is required (5
U.S.C. 1303(d)) each year to submit a report to Congress on the
activities of the council.

CRS-42
Section
Action or Requirement
§1403(c)(2)
Not later than six months after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
Under Secretary of Transportation for Security shall transmit to
Congress a report on the results of a study to evaluate the
benefits and risks of providing flight attendants with nonlethal
weapons to aide in combating air piracy and criminal violence
on commercial airlines.
§1404
The Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a commercial
airline security study, including certain specified details, the
results of which, not later than six months after the date of the
enactment of the Homeland Security Act (which was November
25, 2002), shall be transmitted to Congress in a report which
may be submitted in security classified and redacted form.
§1502
Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of the
Homeland Security Act (which was November 25, 2002), the
President shall transmit to the appropriate congressional
committees a reorganization plan, including certain specified
details.
Refining the Mandate
With the convening of the 108th Congress, various bills have been introduced
to refine the mandate of the Department of Homeland Security by modifying or
supplementing the Homeland Security Act. Such proposals include the following
measures.
H.R. 237 (Burton). Repeals certain amendments to the National Vaccine
Injury Compensation Program. Introduced January 8, 2003, and referred to the
Committee on Energy and Commerce.
H.R. 248 (Allen). Amends the Public Health Service Act and the Homeland
Security Act to strike unrelated provisions concerning changes to the National
Vaccine Injury Compensation Program and liability for vaccine manufacturers.
Introduced January 8, 2003, and referred to the Committee on Energy and
Commerce.
H.R. 484 (Ose). Amends the Homeland Security Act to give the Secretary of
Homeland Security discretion to establish criteria for the creation of university-based
centers for homeland security, to repeal certain vaccine liability protection
provisions, and to modify the authority of the Secretary of Homeland Security
regarding contract waivers required in the interest of homeland security. Introduced
January 29, 2003, and referred to the Select Committee on Homeland Security and
Committees on Energy and Commerce, Science, and Government Reform.
H.R. 1416 (Cox). Amends the Homeland Security Act to make technical
corrections. Introduced March 25, 2003, and referred to the Select Committee on
Homeland Security. Hearing held March 28; markup held and bill ordered to be

CRS-43
reported March 31; reported with amendments (H.Rept. 108-104) and placed on
Union Calendar May 15; considered under suspension of the rules and subsequently
adopted on a 415-0 roll call vote June 24; received in the Senate and referred to the
Committee on Governmental Affairs June 25; ordered to be reported favorably with
an amendment October 22, 2003.
S. 6 (Daschle). Establishes various new responsibilities and programs for the
Department of Homeland Security, makes the department subject to the Federal
Advisory Committee Act, and reorganizes the intelligence community leadership.
Introduced January 7, 2003, and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
S. 28 (Nelson). Gives the Secretary of Homeland Security discretion to
establish criteria for the creation of university-based centers for homeland security.
Introduced January 7, 2003, and referred to the Committee on Health, Education,
Labor, and Pensions.
S. 41 (Lieberman). Modifies provisions of the Homeland Security Act
regarding product liability protection, federal advisory committee meetings, and
university-based homeland security research centers, and for other purposes.
Introduced January 7, 2003, and referred to the Committee on Governmental Affairs.
S. 45 (Feingold). Modifies the organization and operations of the Office for
State and Local Government Coordination of the Department of Homeland Security.
Introduced January 7, 2003, and referred to the Committee on Governmental Affairs.
S. 105 (Stabenow). Repeals certain vaccine liability protection provisions
of the Homeland Security Act. Introduced January 7, 2003, and referred to the
Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.
S. 134 (Dayton). Amends the Homeland Security Act regarding waivers of
certain prohibitions on contracts with corporate expatriates. Introduced January 7,
2003, and referred to the Committee on Governmental Affairs.
S. 910 (Akaka). Ensures the continuation of non-homeland security functions
of federal agencies transferred to the Department of Homeland Security. Introduced
April 11, 2003, and referred to the Committee on Governmental Affairs; marked up
and ordered to be reported, with an amendment, by the committee June 17; reported
(S.Rept. 108-115) with amendments July 29 and placed on the Senate legislative
calendar.
Related Congressional Literature
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Creating the
Department of Homeland Security: Consideration of the Administration’s
Proposal
. Hearings. June 25 and July 9, 2002. Washington: GPO, 2002.
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. The Department of
Homeland Security: An Overview of the President’s Proposal. Hearing. 107th
Congress, 2nd session, June 20, 2002. Washington: GPO, 2002.

CRS-44
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Homeland Security
Act of 2002. Hearing and markup on H.R. 5005. 107th Congress, 2nd session,
June 26 and July 10, 2002. Washington: GPO, 2002.
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on
Administrative Law. Adjudicatory Issues, and Privacy Ramifications of
Creating a Department of Homeland Security
. Hearing. 107th Congress, 2nd
session, July 9, 2002. Washington: GPO, 2002.
——. Homeland Security Act of 2002. Hearing on H.R. 5005. 107th Congress,
2ndsession, June 26, 2002. Washington: GPO, 2002.
——. Proposal to Create a Department of Homeland Security. Hearings. 107th
Congress, 2nd session, July 9, 2002. Washington: GPO, 2002.
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Amendment and Views to the Select
Committee on Homeland Security on H.R. 5005, the Homeland Security Act of
2002 (Including Committee Markup of H.R. 5005).
Committee print. 107th
Congress, 2nd session, July 10, 17, 2002. Washington: GPO, 2002.
——. Creating a Department of Homeland Security. Hearing, 107th Congress, 2nd
session, June 27, 2002. Washington: GPO, 2003.
U.S. Congress. House. Select Committee on Homeland Security. H.R. 5005, the
Homeland Security Act of 2002, Days 1 and 2. Hearings, 107th Congress, 2nd
session, July 15, 16, 2002. Washington: GPO, 2002.
——. Homeland Security Act of 2002. Report to accompany H.R. 5005. 107th
Congress, 2nd session. H.Rept. 107-609, part 1. Washington: GPO, 2002.
——. Homeland Security Technical Corrections Act of 2003. Report to accompany
H.R. 1416. 108th Congress, 1st session. H.Rept. 108-104. Washington: GPO,
2003.
——. Transforming the Federal Government to Protect America from Terrorism.
Hearing. 107th Congress, 2nd session, July 11, 2002. Washington: GPO, 2002.
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Homeland
Security. Hearing. 107th Congress, 2nd session. July 10, 2002. Washington:
GPO, 2002.
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. President Bush’s
Proposal to Create a Department of Homeland Security. Hearing. 107th
Congress, 2nd session, June 20, 2002. Washington: GPO, 2002.
——. Non-Homeland Security Mission Performance Act of 2003. Report to
accompany S. 910. 108th Congress, 2nd sess. S.Rept. 108-115. Washington: GPO,
2003.

CRS-45
U.S. Congress. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. Homeland
Security. Hearing. 107th Congress, 2nd session, July 16, 2002. Washington:
GPO, 2002.
Related CRS Products
CRS Report RL31802. Appropriations for FY2004: Department of Homeland
Security, by Paul M. Irwin and Dennis W. Snook.
CRS Report RL31520. Collective Bargaining and Homeland Security, by Jon O.
Shimabukuro.
CRS Report RL31549. Department of Homeland Security: Consolidation of Border
and Transportation Security Agencies, by William J. Krouse.
CRS Report RS21367. Emergency Preparedness and Response Directorate of the
Department of Homeland Security, by Keith Bea, William Krouse, Daniel
Morgan, Wayne Morrissey, and C. Stephen Redhead.
CRS Report RL31677. Filling Presidentially Appointed, Senate-Confirmed
Positions in the Department of Homeland Security, by Henry B. Hogue.
CRS Report RS21270. Homeland Security and Counterterrorism Research and
Development: Funding, Organization, and Oversight, by Genevieve J. Knezo.
CRS Report RS21295. Homeland Security and the Davis-Bacon Act, by Jon O.
Shimabukuro.
CRS Report RL31493. Homeland Security: Department Organization and
Management — Legislative Phase, by Harold C. Relyea.
CRS Report RL31500. Homeland Security: Human Resources Management, by
Barbara L. Schwemle.
CRS Report RS21283. Homeland Security: Intelligence Support, by Richard A.
Best, Jr.
CRS Report RL31492. Homeland Security: Management Positions for the New
Department, by Henry B. Hogue.
CRS Report RS21450. Homeland Security: Scope of the Secretary’s Reorganization
Authority, by Stephen R. Vina.
CRS Report RL31148. Homeland Security: The Presidential Coordination Office,
by Harold C. Relyea.
CRS Report RS21260. Information Technology (IT) Management: The Clinger-
Cohen Act and Homeland Security Proposals, by Jeffrey W. Seifert.