Order Code RL31809
CRS Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
Appropriations for FY2004:
Commerce, Justice, State,
the Judiciary, and Related Agencies
Updated September 25, 2003
Ben Canada, Coordinator
Analyst in American National Government
Government and Finance Division
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

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Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget
resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and
budget reconciliation bills. The process begins with the President’s budget request and is
bounded by the rules of the House and Senate, the Congressional Budget and Impoundment
Control Act of 1974 (as amended), the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990, and current
program authorizations.
This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress passes each
year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate
Commerce, Justice, State Appropriations Subcommittees. It summarizes the current
legislative status of the bill, its scope, major issues, funding levels, and related legislative
activity, and will be updated as events warrant. The report lists the key CRS staff relevant
to the issues covered and related CRS products.
NOTE: A Web version of this document with active links is
available to congressional staff at:
[http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apppage.shtml].

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Appropriations for FY2004: Commerce, Justice, State,
the Judiciary, and Related Agencies
Summary
The Administration submitted its FY2004 budget request in February 2004. The
request for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and
related agencies (commonly referred to as CJS) totaled $41.220 billion. The major
components of the request included: Justice Department—$19.005 billion;
Commerce Department—$5.814 billion; the Judiciary—$5.430 billion; State
Department—$8.644 billion; and Related Agencies—$2.424 billion. On July 23,
2003, the House passed its CJS bill (H.R. 2799), which totals $41.23 billion. The
Senate Appropriations Committee, which reported its bill (S. 1585) on September 5,
2003, recommends $40.37 billion.
Department of Justice. The FY2004 request of $19.005 billion is roughly $643
million below the FY2003 funding level of $19.648 billion.
Most of the
Administration’s proposed reductions would come in state and local law enforcement
assistance programs in the Office of Justice Programs. The House bill recommends
$20.154 billion for Justice, while the Senate Appropriations Committee recommends
$18.582 billion.
Department of Commerce. The FY2004 request of $5.814 billion is about $18
million more than the FY2003 appropriation of $5.796. The Administration proposes
a moderate increase for most agencies, but reductions for some information and
technology programs, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology
and National Telecommunications and Information Administration. The House bill
would provide $5.256 billion for the Commerce Department.
The Senate
Appropriations Committee recommends $6.369 billion.
The Judiciary. The Judiciary’s FY2004 request comes to $5.430 billion, which
is roughly $540 million above the FY2003 appropriation of $4.890 billion. The
Judiciary request emphasized costs for the Supreme Court, court security, and
defender services. The Judiciary would receive $5.194 billion under the House bill,
and $5.077 under the Senate’s reported bill.
Department of State and International Broadcasting. The FY2004 request
comes to $8.644 billion, which would be about $465 million more than the FY2003
amount of $8.179 billion. The majority of this proposed increase would go toward
the Administration of Foreign Affairs account, which covers diplomatic and consular
operations and embassy security. The House bill provides the State Department with
$8.421 billion. The Senate bill would provide $8.031 billion.
The FY2003 regular appropriation for CJS was enacted on Feb. 20, 2003 (P.L.
108-7), five months into the budget year.
The CJS bill was included in a
consolidated appropriations package (H.J.Res. 2), which incorporated 11 out of the
13 usual appropriations bills. The package included a 0.65% across-the-board
rescission.
This report will be updated as Congress acts on the CJS appropriations bill.

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CRS Key Policy Staff
CRS
Area of Expertise
Name
Division
Telephone and E-Mail
Departments
Department of Justice
Bill Krouse
DSP
7-2225
wkrouse@crs.loc.gov
Cindy Moors-Hill
DSP
7-4271
chill@crs.loc.gov
Department of Commerce
Ben Canada
G&F
7-0632
bcanada@crs.loc.gov
The Judiciary
Steve Rutkus
G&F
7-7162
srutkus@crs.loc.gov
Department of State and
Susan Epstein
FDT
7-6678
International Broadcasting
sepstein@crs.loc.gov
Agencies and Policy Areas
Commerce Dept, Science and
Wendy H. Schacht
RSI
7-7066
Technology-Related Agencies,
wschacht@crs.loc.gov
Patent & Trademark Office, NIST
Telecommunications, NTIA
Glenn McLoughlin
RSI
7-7073
gmcloughlin@crs.loc.gov
FCC
Patty Figliola
RSI
7-2508
pfigliola@crs.loc.gov
NOAA
Wayne Morrissey
RSI
7-7072
wmorrissey@crs.loc.gov
EDA, SBA, and FTC
Bruce Mulock
G&F
7-7775
bmulock@crs.loc.gov
Bureau of the Census
Jennifer D.
G&F
7-8640
Williams
jwilliams@crs.loc.gov
Trade agencies, ITA, ITC, USTR
Ian Fergusson
FDT
7-4997
ifergusson@crs.loc.gov
Equal Employment Opportunity
Linda Levine
DSP
7-7756
llevine@crs.loc.gov
Legal Services Corporation
Carmen Solomon-
DSP
7-7306
Fears
csolomonfears@crs.loc.gov
Securities and Exchange
Mark Jickling
G&F
7-7784
Commission
mjickling@crs.loc.gov
State Justice Institute
Steve Rutkus
G&F
7-7162
srutkus@crs.loc.gov
Division abbreviations: ALD = American Law Division; DSP = Domestic Social Policy
Division; FDT = Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division; G&F = Government and
Finance Division; RSI = Resources, Science, and Industry Division.

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Contents
CRS Key Policy Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Most Recent Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Background Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Structure of the CJS Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Synopsis of FY2003 Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Departmental Funding Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
CJS Overall Funding Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Survey of Possible High-Profile Issues
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Department of Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Administration FY2004 Request
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
FY2004 Funding Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
General Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
U.S. Parole Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Legal Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Interagency Law Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Federal Bureau of Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Drug Enforcement Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Federal Prison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Office of Justice Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Related Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Related CRS Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Commerce and Related Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
FY2004 Funding Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
International Trade Administration and Related Trade Agencies . . . . 19
Bureau of Industry and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Economic Development Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Minority Business Development Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Economic and Statistical Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Bureau of The Census . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
National Telecommunications and Information Administration . . . . . 23
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
National Institute of Standards and Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Departmental Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Related Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Related CRS Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
The Judiciary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

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Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
The Judiciary’s FY2004 Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
FY2004 Funding Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Supreme Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Defender Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Court Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Pay Increases for Judges and Justices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Related CRS Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
State and International Broadcasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
FY2004 Funding Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Administration of Foreign Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
International Organizations and Conferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
International Commissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Related Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
International Broadcasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Related Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Related CRS Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Independent Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Legal Services Corporation (LSC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Small Business Administration (SBA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
State Justice Institute (SJI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Commission on Civil Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Appendix: Appropriations for the CJS Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
List of Tables
Legislative Status of CJS Appropriations, FY2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Table 2. Funding for Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State,
and the Judiciary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Table 3. Funding CJS Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Table 4. Department of Justice Funding Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Table 5. NOAA: President’s Budget Request and Congressional Appropriations
for FY2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Table 6. FY2004 Funding for the Department of Commerce and
Related Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Table 7. FY2004 Funding for the Judiciary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 8. FY2004 Funding for the Department of State and
International Broadcasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Table 9. FY2004 Funding for CJS Related Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

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Appropriations for FY2004: Commerce,
Justice, State, the Judiciary, and Related
Agencies
Most Recent Developments
In February 2003, the Bush Administration submitted its budget for fiscal year
2004. During the months of March and April, the CJS appropriations subcommittees
in the House and Senate held a series of hearings on the request. On July 9, 2003, the
House Appropriations Subcommittee on CJS reported its funding to the full
committee. The House Appropriations Committee reported the CJS appropriations
bill (H.R. 2799; H.Rept. 108-221) on July 16, 2003. The full House passed H.R.
2799 on July 23, 2003. The Senate Appropriations Committee introduced and
reported its CJS bill (S. 1585; S.Rept. 108-144) on September 5, 2003.
The Administration request for CJS totals roughly $41.22 billion. This includes
$19.005 billion for Justice, $5.814 billion for Commerce, $5.43 billion for the
Judiciary, $8.644 billion for State, and $2.424 billion for the Independent Agencies.
The House bill, H.R. 2799 would provide roughly $41.23 billion, including $20.154
billion for Justice, $5.256 billion for Commerce, $5.194 billion for the Judiciary,
$7.857 billion for State, and $2.237 for the Independent Agencies. The Senate bill
would provide approximately $40.37 billion, including $18.581 billion for Justice,
$6,369 billion for Commerce, $5.077 billion for Judiciary, $7.473 billion for State,
and $2.378 billion for Independent Agencies.
Legislative Status of CJS Appropriations, FY2004
Subcommittee
Conf. Report
Markup
House
House
Senate
Senate
Conf.
Approval
Public
Report
Passage Report Passage Report
Law
House
Senate
House
Senate
7/16/03
9/4/03
7/23/03
7/9/03
9/3/03
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
--
--
--
--
--
(400-21)
108-221
108-144
Completion of FY2003 Appropriations. Congress passed the conference
report (H.Rept. 108-10) for H.J.Res. 2, the omnibus funding bill, on February 12,
2003, including funding for CJS accounts. The President signed it into law February
20, 2003 (P.L. 108-7) — five months into the budget year. The consolidated funding
package included a 0.65% across-the-board rescission. The Senate had passed its
omnibus appropriation on January 23. Although the House did not pass a CJS
appropriation for FY2003, on January 8 Congressman Frank Wolf, Chairman of the

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CRS-2
House Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, State, introduced H.R.
247 as a point of reference for CJS accounts during the conference on the omnibus
appropriation package.
Background Information
Structure of the CJS Bill
Traditionally, the appropriations bill for the Departments of Commerce, Justice,
State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies is known as the “CJS” bill. It typically
uses five titles to fund these departments and agencies:
Title I. Justice
Title II. Commerce and Related Agencies
Title III. The Judiciary
Title IV. State and International Broadcasting
Title V. Independent Agencies
As needed, additional titles including general provisions or rescissions may be
added to the CJS bill during the legislative process. The related agencies in Title II
are the U.S. Trade Representative and the International Trade Commission. The
Independent Agencies in Title V include the Federal Communications Commission,
Securities and Exchange Commission, and Small Business Administration.
Synopsis of FY2003 Appropriations
The Administration’s CJS request for FY2003 totaled $44.019 billion. The
107th Congress did not complete CJS FY2003 appropriations but passed numerous
continuing resolutions authorizing short-term funding into the 108th congressional
term.
During the 108th Congress, the Senate passed an omnibus FY2003 spending
package which included the CJS appropriations.
The total CJS Senate level
amounted to $44.940 billion. The House bill (H.R. 247) set total CJS appropriations
at $44.353 million. Neither House nor Senate numbers included rescissions. The
108th Congress passed the consolidated FY2003 appropriation package on February
20, 2003 (P.L. 108-7), which included 11 out of the 13 appropriations bills. In April
2003, Congress passed an emergency supplemental appropriations bill (P.L. 108-11)
providing further funding to selected entities within CJS.
The total FY2003
appropriation for CJS comes to roughly $44.498 billion.
Departmental Funding Trends
The table below shows funding trends for the major agencies included in CJS
appropriations over the five-year period FY1998-FY2003, including supplemental
appropriations. Over the five-year period, current-dollar funding increased for the
Department of Justice by $1.241 billion (7.0%); for the Department of Commerce by
$1.563 billion (36.8%); for the Judiciary by $1.996 million (56.8%); and for the
Department of State by $4.607 billion (114.1%).

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CRS-3
The Justice Department’s budget rose steadily until FY2003, when it was
decreased by nearly $4.7 billion below the FY2002 amount due to the relocation of
some activities to the Department of Homeland Security.
The Commerce
Department budget has generally increased over the five-year span, including a
greater than $3.5 billion increase in FY2000, largely due to the cost of the 2000
decennial census. Its FY2001 level, however, was comparable to its pre-census level.
The State Department and Judiciary Branch had significant increases in its funding
level every year from FY1998 to FY2003. The State Department’s increases reflect
the increase in costs associated with the FY1999 reorganization and terrorism. Of
the four primary departments within the CJS appropriations bill, the Department of
State has received the greatest nominal increase of about $4.607 billion from FY1998
to FY2003.
Table 2. Funding for Departments of Commerce, Justice, and
State, and the Judiciary
(in billions of current dollars)
Department or Agency
FY1998
FY1999
FY2000
FY2001
FY2002
FY2003
Justice
17.764
18.207
18.647
21.049
23.707
19.005
Commerce
4.251
5.098
8.649
5.153
5.804
5.814
Judiciary
3.464
3.652
3.959
4.255
4.740
5.430
State
4.037
4.359
5.880
6.601
7.841
8.644
Sources: Funding totals provided by Budget Offices of CJS and Judiciary agencies, and U.S. House
of Representatives, Committee on Appropriations.
CJS Overall Funding Trends
Appropriations for the CJS bill have risen steadily in recent fiscal years.
Selected departments funded through the bill received significant increases in
funding following the terrorist attacks of September 2001. Overall funding for the
bill decreased in FY2003, however, as some agencies and functions were transferred
to the new Department of Homeland Security.
Table 3. Funding CJS Appropriations
(discretionary budget authority in billions of current and constant FY2004 dollars)
FY2004
FY1997
FY1998
FY1999
FY2000
FY2001
FY2002
FY2003
Admin.
Request
Nominal $s
30,182.0
32,086.0
33,693.3
39,601.0
39,786.7
44,058.4
40,497.8
41,220.0
Note: Nominal $s represent the actual amount of the appropriation in the year it was appropriated.

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CRS-4
Survey of Possible High-Profile Issues
Department of Justice
! The adequacy of the Administration’s request for an additional $699
million to bolster the Department of Justice’s counterterrorism and
counterintelligence missions.
! The proposed “performance-based” realignment of assistance grants
administered by the Office of Justice Programs, including the
elimination of some current programs that are providing over $1
billion in FY2003 funding for state and local law enforcement
assistance programs.
Department of Commerce and Related Agencies
! Appropriations measures that limit the use by the U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office of the full amount of fees collected in the current
fiscal year.
! The extent to which federal funds should be used to support
industrial technology development programs at the National Institute
of Standards and Technology, particularly the Advanced Technology
Program and the Manufacturing Extension Partnership.
! Whether to reinstate an earlier FCC decision as part of the
appropriations process. This decision required that no single media
group can control more than 35% of the national broadcast market.
The FCC, in June, raised this cap to 45%—and many are concerned
that too much of U.S. media assets will be concentrated in too few
hands. The House, as part of H.R. 2799, passed an amendment to
restore the 35% cap; but to date the Senate is undecided as to what
action it will take.
The Judiciary
! Whether to increase the hourly rate of pay to court-appointed “panel
attorneys” representing indigent defendants in federal criminal cases.
! Whether, as the Judiciary Branch contended, federal judges and
justices should receive a cost-of-living salary increase.
! The level of funding for court security.
Department of State and International Broadcasting
! Visa issuance policies and the Homeland Security proposals.

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CRS-5
! Expanded public diplomacy activities focusing on Muslim/Arab
populations.
! Increased hiring of foreign, civil service, and security experts.
! Improved information/communication technology.
Department of Justice
Background
Title I of the CJS bill typically covers appropriations for the Department of
Justice (DOJ). Established by an Act of 1870 (28 U.S.C. 501) with the Attorney
General at its head, DOJ provides counsel for citizens and protects them through law
enforcement. It represents the federal government in all proceedings, civil and
criminal, before the Supreme Court. And in legal matters generally, the Department
provides legal advice and opinions, upon request, to the President and executive
branch department heads. The major Department of Justice agencies and offices
include:
! United States Attorneys prosecute criminal offenses against the
United States, represent the federal government in civil actions, and
initiate proceedings for the collection of fines, penalties, and
forfeitures owed to the United States.
! United States Marshals Service provides security for the federal
judiciary, protects witnesses, executes warrants and court orders,
manages seized assets, detains and transports unsentenced prisoners,
and apprehends fugitives.
! Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) investigates violations of
federal criminal law; helps protect the United States from terrorism
and hostile intelligence efforts; provides assistance to other federal,
state and local law enforcement agencies; and shares jurisdiction
with Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) over federal drug
violations.
! Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) investigates federal drug
law violations; coordinates its efforts with state, local, and other
federal law enforcement agencies; develops and maintains drug
intelligence systems; regulates legitimate controlled substances
activities, and conducts joint intelligence-gathering activities with
foreign governments.
! Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF)
enforces federal law related to the manufacture, importation, and
distribution of alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives. It was

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transferred from the Department of the Treasury to the Department
of Justice by the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296).
! Federal Prison System provides for the custody and care of the
federal prison population, the maintenance of prison-related
facilities, and the boarding of sentenced federal prisoners
incarcerated in state and local institutions.
! Office of Justice Programs (OJP) manages and coordinates the
activities of the Bureau of Justice Assistance, Bureau of Justice
Statistics, National Institute of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prevention, Community Oriented Policing Services
(COPS), and the Office of Victims of Crime.
Defending the nation against future terrorist attacks is currently the principal
focus of the Department of Justice. To this end, the Department is continuing its
efforts to disrupt and dismantle terrorist networks wherever they exist, prevent
terrorist attacks before they occur, and bring to justice those persons who carry out
terrorist attacks against American interests at home and abroad. The Department of
Justice is working closely with the newly established Department of Homeland
Security (DHS) to facilitate the transfer of the Immigration and Naturalization
Service enforcement and service programs and the Justice Department’s Office of
Domestic Preparedness to that new department. Justice is also working with the
intelligence community, along with DHS, to establish new partnerships and reforge
old ones in the areas of intelligence sharing and interoperable systems. With the
support of the Attorney General, the Federal Bureau of Investigation Director
continues to reorganize by realigning and centralizing FBI assets to more effectively
counter terrorism and foreign intelligence services, and provide greater internal
security.
Most crime control, meanwhile, has traditionally been viewed as a state and
local responsibility. Beginning with the passage of the Crime Control Act of 1968
(P.L. 90-351), the federal role in the administration of criminal justice has increased
incrementally. Since 1984, Congress has enacted five major omnibus crime control
bills, designating new federal crimes, penalties, and additional law enforcement
assistance programs for state and local governments. Crime control is one of the few
areas of the federal budget where discretionary spending has increased over the past
two decades. Nevertheless, during the FY2004 budget cycle, tensions are likely to
arise as Congress seeks to fund Homeland Security initiatives, while continuing to
adequately fund criminal justice programs.
GPRA. The Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) required the
Department of Justice, along with other federal agencies, to prepare a 5-year strategic
plan, including a mission statement, long-range goals, and program assessment
measures. In September 2000, the Department submitted its Strategic Plan for 2000-
2005 to Congress. Building upon the strategic plan, the Department’s FY2003
performance plan includes eight goals:
! protect the United States from the threat of terrorism;
! enforce federal criminal laws;

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CRS-7
! prevent and reduce crime and violence by assisting state, tribal,
local, and community-based programs;
! defend and protect the rights and interests of the American people by
providing legal representation and enforcement of federal laws;
! administer immigration and
naturalization laws fairly and
effectively;
! protect American society by providing for the safe, secure, and
humane confinement of persons in federal custody;
! protect the federal judiciary and support the federal justice system;
and
! ensure professionalism, excellence, accountability, and integrity in
the management and conduct of the Department of Justice.
Detailed performance plans for individual activities, agency, and program
accounts were included in the departmental budget submission to Congress as well.
Administration FY2004 Request
For the Department of Justice (DOJ), the Administration’s FY2004 request
includes $19 billion, or nearly $643 million less than the amount appropriated by
Congress for FY2003.
According to the Administration, the FY2004 request
includes the following major budget increases: $669 million and 2,170 positions for
counterterrorism and counterintelligence, with the lion’s share of this funding going
to the FBI. The request includes an additional $177 million for a DNA initiative to
reduce the backlog of both suspect and convicted offender DNA samples, and
increase the capacities of state and local crime labs to process DNA evidence.
These and other smaller proposed increases would be offset by crosscutting
efficiencies, program reductions, offsets, and the elimination of several grant
programs. The eliminated grant programs, with the corresponding FY2003 funding
included in parentheses, include the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)
hiring and overtime program ($200 million), the Juvenile Justice Accountability
Block Grant ($190 million), and the State Criminal Alien Assistance Program ($248
million). Furthermore, as part of a wider “performance-based” program realignment
of the Office of Justice Programs, the Administration’s request includes a proposal
to eliminate the Local Law Enforcement Block Grants (LLBGs) and the Byrne
Grants, replacing those grant programs with a Justice Assistance Grant (JAG)
program. The Administration’s request includes $600 million for the proposed JAG
program, $437 million less than the amounts appropriated for the LLBG and Byrne
grant programs for FY2003.
The House-passed bill, by comparison, would provide DOJ with $20 billion for
FY2004. This amount includes $683 million for various COPS programs, but it does
not include funding for COPS hiring or overtime. The House bill would also fund
a number of programs for which the Administration requested no funding. Those
programs and corresponding funding in parentheses include the Juvenile Justice
Accountability Block Grant ($100 million), the State Criminal Alien Assistance
Program ($400 million), the Local Law Enforcement Block Grants ($400 million),
and the Byrne Grants ($615 million). As the House bill would fund these programs,
no funding was included for the proposed Justice Assistance Grant.

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CRS-8
The Senate-reported bill would provide DOJ with nearly $19 billion for
FY2004. This amount includes $657 million for COPS, including $200 million for
COPS hiring and overtime for a proposed school safety officer initiative. The Senate
bill would fund the State Criminal Alien Assistance Program ($250 million), but
does not include funding for the Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant. Like
the House bill, the Senate bill does not reflect the proposal to consolidate Byrne and
Local Law Enforcement Block Grants. Instead, it would fund these programs at $500
and $150 million, respectively.
Furthermore, both the House and Senate
Appropriations Committees rejected the Administration’s proposed performance-
based realignment of grant programs administered by the Office of Justice Programs.
FY2004 Funding Issues
General Administration. For General Administration, the Administration’s
FY2004 request for Justice programs includes $1.378 billion, $112 million more than
the amount appropriated by Congress for FY2003. Of the requested amount, $810
million would go to the Detention Trustee account to better manage departmental
acquisition of contracted detention space. Besides the Detention Trustee, the General
Administration account funds the Attorney General’s office, senior departmental
management, the Inspector General’s office, efforts to integrate identification systems
(e.g., IAFIS and IDENT), and narrowband communications, among other things.
For the Federal Detention Trustee’s Office, the FY2004 request includes $810
million, a nearly $42 million increase over the amount appropriated by Congress for
FY2003. The Detention Trustee’s Office was established in FY2001, with a $1
million appropriation, to manage contractual detention funding for the Department,
which is, for the most part, for the Marshals Service, since the immigration detention
and removal program has been transferred to DHS. The Office of the Inspector
General (OIG) is responsible for investigating possible departmental misconduct.
In FY2001, the Attorney General ordered the OIG to investigate allegations of
misconduct at the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Drug Enforcement
Administration. The Administration’s FY2004 request includes $62 million for the
OIG, which represents a $10 million increase as compared to the FY2003
appropriation. The House-passed bill would provide $1.322 billion for general
administration, about $56 million less than the Administration’s request. The
Senate-reported bill would provide $1.347 billion, about $30 million less than
requested.
U.S. Parole Commission. The U.S. Parole Commission adjudicates parole
requests by federal and District of Columbia Code prisoners who are serving felony
sentences.
For the commission, the FY2003 request was $11 million.
The
authorization for the parole commission was due to expire in November 2002, but
the 21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act (P.L. 107-
273) has authorized to be appropriated $10 and $11 million for the commission for
FY2002 and FY2003, respectively. For FY2004, the Administration’s request
includes $11 million for the parole commission, a $631 thousand increase over the
Commission’s FY2003 appropriation. The House-passed bill would provide $11
million for the parole commission, as would the Senate-reported bill.

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CRS-9
Legal Activities. The Legal Activities account includes several accounts: (1)
general legal activities, (2) U.S. Attorneys, (3) U.S. Marshals Service, (4) prisoner
detention, and (5) other legal activities. For FY2004, the Administration’s request
includes nearly $3.2 billion for legal activities, an increase of $172 million over the
FY2003 enacted budget for these purposes. The House-passed bill would provide
$3.0 billion in funding for FY2004, a $22 million increase. The Senate-reported bill
would provide nearly $3.1 billion, a $46 million increase over the amount
appropriated for FY2003.
The general legal activities account funds the Solicitor General’s supervision
of the department’s conduct in proceedings before the Supreme Court. It also funds
several departmental divisions (tax, criminal, civil, environment and natural
resources, legal counsel, civil rights, and antitrust). The Administration’s FY2004
request includes $665 million, an increase of nearly $58 million over the FY2003
enacted budget for these purposes. The House bill would provide nearly $621
million for these purposes, the Senate bill, $634 million. The request and both bills
would provide nearly $2 million for the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act
(RECA) program under this account.
The U.S. Attorneys and the U.S. Marshals Service are present in all of the 94
federal judicial districts. The U.S. Attorneys prosecute criminal cases and represent
the federal government in civil actions.
For the U.S. Attorneys Office, the
Administration’s FY2004 request includes $1.557 billion, including an increase of
nearly $63 million over the enacted FY2003 budget for this office. The
Administration’s request assumes $16 million in savings due to crosscutting
efficiencies and program reductions, and includes $18 million in budget increases for
additional activities in FY2004. The House bill provides $1.526 billion in funding
for FY2004, $31 million less than the Administration’s request. The Senate bill
would provide $1.508 billion, nearly $49 million less than the request.
The U.S. Marshals are responsible for the protection of the Federal Judiciary,
protection of witnesses, execution of warrants and court orders, custody and
transportation of unsentenced federal prisoners, and fugitive apprehension. The
FY2004 request includes $721 million for the Marshals, an increase of nearly $22
million over the service’s FY2003 enacted budget. For FY2004, the House-passed
bill provides funding for $679 million, $42 million less than the Administration’s
request and $20 million less than the service’s FY2003 enacted budget. The House
bill, however, would provide $41 million under the Community Oriented Policing
Services account for U.S. Marshals-related activities. The Senate bill would provide
$628 million, nearly $93 million less than the request and $71 million less than the
FY2003 enacted budget.
For other legal activities. e.g., the Community Relations Service, the
Independent Counsel, the U.S. Trustee Fund (The U.S. Trustee’s office is responsible
for maintaining the integrity of the U.S. bankruptcy system by, among other things,
prosecuting criminal bankruptcy violations.), and the Asset Forfeiture program, the
FY2004 request includes $257 million, which includes about $29 million more than
the amount appropriated for these purposes for FY2003. The request assumes $11
million in base reductions and $14 million in savings due to crosscutting efficiencies
that offset an increase of $26 million for additional protection for the Judiciary. The

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CRS-10
request also anticipates that $2 million will be available from Justice’s Working
Capital Fund for courthouse security equipment. The House bill would provide
funding for $209 million, nearly $48 million less than the Administration’s request.
A large portion of the difference can be explained by a $33 million request for office
automation that the House-passed bill does not recommend. The Senate bill would
provide $290 million, $33 million more than the request. Unlike the House bill, the
Senate bill would provide $66 million for office automation.
Interagency Law Enforcement. The Interagency Law Enforcement account
reimburses departmental agencies for their participation in the Organized Crime
Drug Enforcement Task Force (OCDETF) program. Organized into nine regional
task forces, this program combines the expertise of federal agencies with the efforts
of state and local law enforcement to disrupt and dismantle major narcotics
trafficking and money laundering organizations. The federal agencies that participate
in OCDETF are the Drug Enforcement Administration; Federal Bureau of
Investigation; Internal Revenue Service; Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and
Explosives; U.S. Coast Guard; U.S. Marshals Service; the Justice, Tax and Criminal
Divisions; and the U.S. Attorneys. In addition, it is likely that the Department of
Homeland Security’s Bureau of Customs and Border Protection and Bureau of
Immigration and Customs Enforcement will also participate in OCDETF, as these
Bureaus are composed of former elements of the U.S. Customs Service and the
Immigration and Naturalization Service.
The FY2004 request includes $542 million for OCDETF, which represents an
increase of $172 million over the amount appropriated for FY2003. For new
activities in FY2004, the request includes $22 million for automated technology, $26
million to target 53 major drug trafficking organizations, and $10 million to expand
money laundering investigations. The House-passed bill would provide $556.5
million for the Interagency Drug Enforcement program, and proposes that the Drug
Enforcement Administration manage this account. The Senate-reported bill would
provide $967 million, including $415 million to target major narcotics trafficking and
money laundering operations, and $552 million to support joint federal, state, local
and foreign law enforcement operations.
Federal Bureau of Investigation. The Federal Bureau of Investigation
(FBI), as the lead federal investigative agency, continues to reorganize to focus more
sharply on counterterrorism. For FY2004, the Administration requests, and the
House passed, nearly $4.64 billion for the FBI, as compared to the Bureau’s FY2003
enacted level of $4.583 billion. Unlike the request, the House-passed bill breaks out
amounts for the Foreign Terrorist Tracking Task Force ($62 million) and
construction ($1.2 million). The Senate-reported bill would provide $3.931 billion.
In a separate account, apart from the FBI, the Senate bill would provide nearly $73
million for the Foreign Terrorist Tracking Task Force. Senate report language
underscores that such funding is appropriated to the Department and not to the
Bureau. The FY2004 request assumes $26 million in savings due to crosscutting
efficiencies. For new activities in FY2004, the request includes $539 million, which
includes the following budget increases: $267 million for counterterrorism, $70
million for counterintelligence, $64 million for cybercrime, $37 million for
background checks and other security enhancements, $82 million for Trilogy and

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CRS-11
other information technology improvements, $16 million for other corporate fraud
investigations, and $3 million for the forensic DNA program.
NOTE: The Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296) transferred the
National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC), the National Domestic
Preparedness Office (NDPO), and the Domestic Emergency Support Teams (DEST)
from the FBI to the DHS. NIPC was formed to detect, deter, assess, and warn
computer users as to cyber threats and to investigate and prosecute unlawful
computer intrusions. For a time, NDPO served as a single point of contact for state
and local authorities seeking interagency assistance in the areas of planning, training,
equipment, and exercises to prepare for domestic terrorist incidents, but NDPO
activities were largely absorbed by the OJP’s Office of Domestic Preparedness.
DEST was an interagency team of experts that could be quickly assembled by the FBI
to provide an on-scene commander (Special Agent in Charge) with advice and
guidance in situations involving weapons of mass effect (WME). According to the
DOJ FY2004 Budget Summary, NIPC’s transfer to DHS’s Information Analysis and
Infrastructure Protection Directorate included about $51 million and 307 positions.
The NDPO and DEST transfers to DHS’s Emergency Preparedness and Response
Directorate include neither dollars nor positions.
Drug Enforcement Agency. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
is the lead federal agency tasked with reducing the illicit supply and abuse of
dangerous narcotics and drugs. For FY2004, the Administration requests nearly
$1.559 billion for the DEA, as compared to the agency’s FY2003 enacted budget of
$1.551 billion, an increase of about $8 million. The FY2004 request assumes $63
million in savings due to crosscutting efficiencies, program reductions, and other
offsets. For new activities, the Administration’s request includes $38 million for
better targeting major drug trafficking organizations, $2 million for international
training, and $3 million for financial audit improvements.
For FY2004, the House-passed bill would provide $1.6 billion for the DEA,
about $43 million more than the request. In addition, the House recommends that the
DEA manage the Interagency Drug Enforcement program, for which the House-
passed bill would provide $556.5 million for FY2004. The Senate-reported bill
would provide $1.512 billion, but is silent as to the House recommendation.
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. The Bureau
of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) enforces federal law related to
the manufacture, importation, and distribution of alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and
explosives. The FY2004 request includes $852 million for ATF, an increase of nearly
$51 million over the Bureau’s FY2003 enacted budget. The FY2004 request assumes
$5 million in savings due to program offsets; and, for new activities, it includes $13
million for the Youth Crime Gun Interdiction Initiative and $10 million to implement
the Safe Explosives Act (Title XI, Subtitle C, of the Homeland Security Act of 2002
(P.L. 107-296; 116 STAT. 2280)). The House-passed bill would provide $831
million for ATF, about $21 million less than the request. In addition, the bill was
amended in markup, resulting in several new provisions. One provision would
prohibit ATF from publishing statistics regarding crime gun traces without qualifying
the limitations of such statistics. Another provision would limit ATF as to certain
things that could be required from firearm licensees regarding their firearms

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CRS-12
inventory, and would prevent ATF from revoking a firearms license if a dealer’s
inventory fell below a certain level, among other things. The Senate-reported bill
would provide ATF with $830 million.
Federal Prison System. The Federal Prison System maintains 106 penal
institutions nationwide, and contracts with state, local, and private concerns for
additional detention space. The Administration projected that this system would
house an average daily population of 143,197 sentenced offenders in federal
institutions, and another 28,043 in contract facilities, in FY2003. For FY2004, the
Administration’s request includes $4.493 billion for the Federal Prison System, an
increase of nearly $48 million over the FY2003 enacted budget. The House-passed
bill would provide $4.668 billion in funding, about $175 million more than the
request. The Senate-reported bill would provide $4.222 billion.
For new activities in FY2004, the Administration’s request includes $252
million to activate new facilities, $23 million for a counterterrorism project, $13
million for contract confinement, and $427 thousand for a transitional drug treatment
program. The Administration intends to offset these budget increases with savings
from $17 million in crosscutting efficiencies, $28 million in no longer needed
criminal alien detention, and $188 million rescinded from new construction funding.
The House bill would provide $203 million for the construction, modernization, and
repair of prison facilities and does not include the requested rescission. The Senate
bill would provide $346 million for these purposes.
Office of Justice Programs.
The Office of Justice Programs (OJP)
manages and coordinates the National Institute of Justice, Bureau of Justice
Statistics, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Victims
of Crimes, Bureau of Justice Assistance, and related grant programs. For the Office
of Justice Programs and related offices, bureaus and programs, the Senate-reported
bill would provide $2.631 billion, the House-passed bill would provide $3.491
billion, as compared to the Administration’s revised FY2004 request of $2.331
billion. For FY2003, Congress appropriated $3.594 billion for OJP programs.
Several factors account for the difference in funding for FY2003, compared to
the FY2004 request and Senate and House bills. First, the Office of Domestic
Preparedness was transferred from DOJ to DHS ($1 billion in FY2003 funding).
Second, the Administration’s FY2004 request includes no funding for the State
Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP), for which Congress appropriated
$248 million for FY2003. For FY2004, the Senate bill would provide $250 million
and the House bill, $400 million, for SCAAP. Third, the FY2004 request includes
no funding for COPS hiring and overtime ($200 million in FY2003 funding). The
Senate bill would provide $200 million, while the House bill would provide no
funding for this program.
Fourth, the FY2004 request includes a proposal to
consolidate the Local Law Enforcement and Byrne grants, replacing them with a
Justice Assistance Grant program, and reducing funding by about $437 million,
compared to amounts appropriated for FY2003. Neither the House nor Senate bill
reflects this proposal.
The OJP budget has traditionally included the following accounts: (1) Justice
Assistance, (2) State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance, (3) Weed and Seed

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CRS-13
crime prevention efforts, (4) Community Oriented Policing Services, (5) Juvenile
Justice programs, and (6) Public Safety Officers Benefits. The House bill would
break out Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) grant programs as an account
separate from the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance.
For FY2004, the Senate bill would provide $166 million for Justice Assistance,
$1.461 billion for State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance (including $406
million for VAWA), $59 million for Weed and Seed, $657 million for Community
Oriented Policing Services, $232 million for Juvenile Justice Assistance, and $57
million for Public Safety Officer Benefits. The House bill would provide $209
million for Justice Assistance, $1.641 billion for State and Local Law Enforcement
Assistance (not including a proposed $24.1 million rescission), $52 million for Weed
and Seed, $683 million for Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) (not
including a proposed $6.4 million rescission), $462 million for Juvenile Justice
Assistance, $388 million for VAWA programs, and $57 million for Public Safety
Officer Benefits.
Justice Assistance. The Justice Assistance account funds the operations of
OJP bureaus and offices. Besides funding OJP management and administration, this
account also funds the National Institute of Justice, the Bureau of Justice Statistics,
cooperative efforts that address missing children, and regional criminal intelligence.
Congress appropriated nearly $200 million for this account for FY2003.
For
FY2004, the Administration’s request is $2.125 billion for this account, reflecting a
proposed “performance-based” realignment of the bulk of OJP grant programs in the
Justice Assistance account under the following program categories:
! Counterterrorism Research and Development,
! Improving the Criminal Justice System,
! Research, Development, Evaluation and Statistics,
! Technology for Crime Identification,
! Strengthening the Juvenile Justice System,
! Substance Abuse: Demand Reduction, and
! Services for Victims of Crime.
Under the Administration’s proposal, COPS would be maintained as an account
separate from Justice Assistance, but only 7 programs would continue to be funded
in the COPS account. Other COPS programs would be replaced or eliminated, while
at least seven other OJP administered COPS programs would be funded under the
Justice Assistance account. Neither the House-passed nor Senate-reported bills
reflect the Administration’s proposed budget realignment of OJP programs, however.
State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance. Under State and Local Law
Enforcement Assistance, the Senate-reported bill would provide $1.461 billion, and
the House-passed bill would provide $1.641 billion. For various programs included
in this account, the Administration’s FY2004 request included about $748 million.
For FY2003, Congress appropriated $2.031 billion. Two factors account for the
lesser amount requested by the Administration for FY2004. First, the Administration
requested no funding for the State Criminal Alien Assistance Program – a program
for which Congress appropriated $250 million for FY2003.
Second, the
Administration proposed consolidating the Byrne and Local Law Enforcement

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CRS-14
Assistance grant programs in a new Justice Assistance Grant program, and requested
$437 million less funding for FY2004 than previously appropriated for these
programs for FY2003. For FY2004, the Senate bill would provide $250 million for
SCAAP, the House bill would provide $400 million. For Local Law Enforcement
Block Grants, the Senate bill would provide $150 million, the House bill, $400
million. For Byrne grants, the Senate bill would provide $500 million, the House
bill, $615 million. For Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) grants, the Senate
bill would provide $406 million, the House bill, $389 million. Under the House bill,
VAWA funding would be provided in a separate account, and therefore is not
included in the $1.641 billion cited above.
Weed and Seed. The Weed and Seed program is designed to “weed out”
crime in selected neighborhoods, and “seed” them with coordinated prevention and
human service programs. For FY2004, the Senate-reported bill would provide nearly
$59 million, the House-passed bill, nearly $52 million. While Congress appropriated
nearly $59 million for this program for FY2003, the Administration requested no
funding for this program for FY2004.
Community Oriented Policing Services. To enhance public safety, the
Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) program provides grants to state,
local, and tribal governments to expand community policing and cooperation
between law enforcement agencies and members of the community. The authority
for the COPS grant program lapsed at the end of FY2000. Congress, however, has
continued to fund this program. For COPS, the Senate-reported bill would provide
nearly $657 million for FY2004, including $200 million for COPS hiring and
overtime, as part of a school safety officer initiative. The House-passed bill would
provide $683 million for COPS. Unlike the Senate bill, the House bill includes no
funding for COPS hiring and overtime, nor did the Administration’s request include
funding for this program. The Administration asserts that the program has served its
purpose by assisting state and local law enforcement agencies in hiring or
redeploying 117,000 police officers from FY1994 through FY2002 at an expense of
$7 billion. The House bill would provide $57 million for the National Criminal
History Improvement Program (NCHIP), the same amount requested by the
Administration. The Senate bill includes no funding for this program. The House
bill would provide $174 million for the DNA/Crime Lab Improvement program,
nearly matching the Administration’s request of $177 million for a DNA backlog
reduction initiative. The Senate bill, by comparison, would provide $34 million for
these purposes.
Juvenile Justice Assistance.
Under the Juvenile Justice Assistance
programs, OJP provides assistance to improve juvenile justice and corrections.
Congress reauthorized these programs last year in the 21st Century Department of
Justice Appropriations Reauthorization Act (P.L. 107-273), including the making of
appropriations in “such sums as may be appropriate” for these programs for fiscal
years 2003 through 2007. The Senate-reported bill would provide $232 million for
these programs, the House-passed bill, $462 million. The Administration’s revised
request is $214 million – previously it was $235 million – for FY2004. For FY2003,
Congress appropriated $264 million for these programs, and $190 million for the
Juvenile Accountability Block Grant (JAIBG), under State and Local Law
Enforcement Assistance. For JAIBG, however, the Administration requested no

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CRS-15
funding for FY2004, nor would the Senate bill provide any funding for this program.
The House bill, conversely, would provide $100 million for JAIBG.
Public Safety Officers Benefit Program. The Public Safety Officers Benefit
(PSOB) program provides death benefits to survivors of public safety officers who
die in the line of duty, and disability benefits to those officers injured and disabled
in the line of duty. While the Administration’s FY2004 request included $49 million
for this program, the House-passed and Senate-reported bills would provide nearly
$57 million.
Table 4. Department of Justice Funding Accounts
($$millions in budget authority)a
FY2003
FY2004
House
Senate
Accounts
FY2004
enacted
request
passed
reported
General Administration
$1,281.4
$1,377.5
$1,321.5
$1,347.3
Legal Activities
3,012.4
3,199.9
3,034.3
3,058.7
General legal activities
607.4b
665.3b
620.5b
632.6b
United States Attorneys
1,494.0
1,556.8
1,526.3
1,507.9
United States Marshals
699.1
720.8
678.7
628.2
Service
Other
211.9
257.0
208.8
290.0
Interagency Law Enforcement
369.7
541.8
556.5
966.8
Federal Bureau of Investigation
4,583.2
4,639.6
4,639.6
3,930.8
Salaries and expenses
4,048.1
4,149.5
4,086.6
3,395.9
Counterintelligence and
national security
472.2
490.1
490.1
490.1
Construction
1.2
---
1.2
44.8
Foreign terrorist tracking
task force
61.6
—
61.6
72.6c
Drug Enforcement
Administration
1,550.8
1,558.7
1,601.3
1,512.3
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and
Firearmsd
801.2
852.0
831.2
829.6
GREAT grants
[12.9]
[13.0]
---
---
Federal Prison System
4,444.8
4,492.7
4,667.5
4,222.0
Office of Justice Programs
3,593.7
2,331.2
3,491.2
2,630.6
Justice assistance
200.0f
2,124.8e
209.1
165.5
Rescission
---
[-11.6]
---
---
State and local law
enforcement assistance
2,031.0
---
1,640.9
1,461.1
Weed and seed program fund
58.5
---
51.8
58.5
Community oriented policing
services
977.6
157.4
683.0
656.6
Rescission
---
[-6.4]
---
---
Juvenile justice programs
273.5
---
462.3
232.3
Violence Against Women Act
---
---
387.6f
---
Public safety officers benefits
program
53.0
49.1
56.6
56.6
U.S. Parole Commission
10.4
11.1
10.6
10.7
Total: Department of Justice
$19,647.6
$19,004.6
$20,153.8
$18,581.5
Sources: Amounts included in the FY2003 enacted and the FY2004 request and House-passed
columns were taken from H.Rept. 108-221, and for the Senate-reported column from S.Rept. 108- 144.
a. Amounts may not total due to rounding.

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CRS-16
b. Includes $2.0 million for the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act.
c. Senate report language underscores that funding provided for the Foreign Terrorist Tracking Task
Force (FTTTF) would not be provided to the FBI under the Senate bill, rather the task force
would be funded as a stand-alone account within the wider Department of Justice budget.
Consequently, the amount that the Senate bill would provide the FBI, does not include the $72.6
million for the FTTTF.
d. The Homeland Security Act (P.L. 107-296) transferred most of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,
Firearms and Explosives to the DOJ.
e. This amount does not include the $1 million appropriated for the Office of Domestic Preparedness
in the FY2003 CJS appropriations act, as this office was transferred to the Department of
Homeland Security.
f. The large increase in the FY2004 request, as compared to the FY2003 enacted budget, reflects the
proposed performance-based realignment of the major Office for Justice Programs (OJP) grant
programs in the Justice Assistance account. However, the House and Senate Committees’
recommended maintaining the traditional account structures for OJP.
g. Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) programs have been funded under State and Local Law
Enforcement Assistance. The House-passed bill, however, breaks out VAWA programs as a
stand-alone account under the Office of Justice Programs.
Related Legislation
P.L. 108-21, H.R. 1104 / S. 151
Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to End the Exploitation of Children
Today Act of 2003 (Protect Act). S. 141 reported in the Senate on February 11, 2003
(S.Rept. 108-2). Passed Senate, amended, on February 24, 2003. H.R. 1104 reported
by the House on March 24, 2003 (H.Rept. 108-47). Passed House, amended, on
March 27. Conference report filed on April 9, 2003 (H.Rept. 108-66). Passed House
and Senate on April 10, 2003. Signed into law April 30, 2003.
H.R. 703 (Saxton)
Law Enforcement Partnership to Combat Terrorism Act. This bill would amend
the COPS program to authorize appropriations for hiring and training state and local
law enforcement intelligence officers, and improving coordination of federal, state
and local counterterrorism intelligence officers.
Introduced and referred to
Committee on the Judiciary on February 11, 2003. Referred to the Subcommittee on
Crime, Terrorism and Homeland Security on March 6, 2003.
H.R. 834 (Ose)
Clean, Learn, Educate, Abolish, Neutralize, and Undermine Production
(CLEAN-UP) of Methamphetamines Act. This bill would amend the COPS program
to authorize the expanded use of COPS funds to increase enforcement and
prosecution of methamphetamine offenses and provide for environmental cleanup of
clandestine labs. Introduced and referred to multiple committees, including the
Committee on the Judiciary, on February 13, 2003. Referred to the Subcommittee
on Crime, Terrorism and Homeland Security on March 6, 2003.
H.R. 2260 (Ros-Lehtinen)
This bill would include Assistant United States Attorneys in the definition of
law enforcement officer for the purposes of retirement. Introduced and referred to
the Committee on Government Reform on May 22, 2003.

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S. 679 (Biden)
Providing Reliable Officers, Technology, Education, Community Prosecutors,
and Training in Our Neighborhoods Act of 2003 (Protection Act). Reauthorizes the
making of appropriations for the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)
programs for FY2004 through FY2009, among other things. Introduced and referred
to the Committee on the Judiciary on March 20, 2003.
S. 798 (Hatch)
Sex Offender Apprehension Act of 2003. This bill would amend the COPS
program to authorize the use of COPS funds to assist states in enforcing laws that
require convicted sex offenders to register their addresses with state or local law
enforcement agencies. Introduced and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary on
April 7, 2003.
Related CRS Products
CRS Report 97-196, Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Program: An
Overview, by JoAnne O’Bryant.
CRS Issue Brief IB10095, Crime Control: The Federal Response, by JoAnne
O’Bryant.
CRS Report RS20539, Federal Crime Control Assistance to State and Local
Governments, by JoAnne O’Bryant.
CRS Report RS21400, FY2003 Appropriations for First Responders: Fact Sheet, by
Ben Canada and Shawn Reese.
CRS Issue Brief IB10012, Gun Control Legislation in the 108th Congress, by
William Krouse.
CRS Report RS20576, Juvenile Justice: Legislative Activity and Funding Trends for
Selected Programs, by JoAnne O’Bryant, Edith Fairman Cooper, and David
Teasley.
Commerce and Related Agencies
Title II typically includes the appropriations for the Department of Commerce
and related agencies. The origins of the department date back to 1903 with the
establishment of the Department of Commerce and Labor (32 Stat. 825). The
separate Department of Commerce was established on March 4, 1913 (37 Stat. 7365;
15 U.S.C. 1501).
The department’s responsibilities are numerous and quite varied, but its
activities center on five basic missions: 1) promoting the development of American
business and increasing foreign trade; 2) improving the nation’s technological
competitiveness; 3) encouraging economic development; 4) fostering environmental

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CRS-18
stewardship and assessment; and 5) compiling, analyzing and disseminating
statistical information on the U.S. economy and population.
The following agencies within the Commerce Department carry out these
missions:
! Economic Development Administration (EDA) provides grants for
economic development projects in economically distressed
communities and regions.
! Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) seeks to promote
private and public sector investment in minority businesses.
! Bureau of the Census collects, compiles, and publishes a broad range
of economic, demographic, and social data.
! Economic and Statistical Analysis Programs provide 1) timely
information on the state of the economy through preparation,
development, and interpretation of economic data; and 2) analytical
support
to
department
officials
in
meeting
their
policy
responsibilities. Much of the analysis is conducted by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis (BEA).
! International Trade Administration (ITA) seeks to develop the
export potential of U.S. firms and to improve the trade performance
of U.S. industry.
! Bureau of Industry and Security enforces U.S. export control laws
consistent with national security, foreign policy, and short-supply
objectives (formerly the Bureau of Export Administration).
! National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides
scientific, technical, and management expertise to 1) promote safe
and efficient marine and air navigation; 2) assess the health of
coastal and marine resources; 3) monitor and predict the coastal,
ocean, and global environments (including weather forecasting); and
4) protect and manage the nation’s coastal resources.
! Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) examines and approves
applications for patents for claimed inventions and registration of
trademarks.
! Technology Administration, through the Office of Technology
Policy, advocates integrated policies that seek to maximize the
impact of technology on economic growth, conducts technology
development
and
deployment
programs,
and
disseminates
technological information.
! National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) assists
industry in developing technology to improve product quality,

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CRS-19
modernize manufacturing processes, ensure product reliability, and
facilitate rapid commercialization of products based on new
scientific discoveries.
! National Telecommunications and Information Administration
(NTIA) advises the President on domestic and international
communications policy, manages the federal government’s use of
the radio
frequency spectrum,
and performs
research in
telecommunications sciences.
For FY2004 appropriations, the Administration requests roughly $5.814 billion
for Title II, including the Commerce Department and related agencies. In FY2003,
the enacted appropriation was roughly $5.796 billion.
FY2004 Funding Issues
International Trade Administration and Related Trade Agencies.
The President’s FY2004 request for the International Trade Administration (ITA) is
$382.1 million, a $19.9 million increase over the FY2003 appropriation of $362.2
million and a $4.9 million increase over the FY2003 request of $377.2 million. The
House passed $382.1 million, but it also proposed the reorganization of the agency.
The President’s request and the appropriation passed by the House both envision $13
million in fee collections, raising the total resources of the agency to $395.1 million.
ITA provides export promotion services, works to assure compliance with trade
agreements, administers trade remedies such as antidumping and countervailing
duties, and provides analytical support for ongoing trade negotiations. The agency is
divided into four policy units and an Executive and Administrative Directorate, with
a total full time staff of 2,550.
Trade Development Unit (TD). The Administration requests $57.1 million
for the Trade Development Unit. In FY2003, Congress appropriated $67.7 million,
including several textile related initiatives not incorporated into the President’s
FY2003 request of $58.3 million. The House approved $46.7 million for this entity
which it renames the Manufacturing and Services Unit (MSU). The House envisions
the MSU carrying on certain functions of TD such as the provision of industry
analysis, but it also intends that the new unit will concentrate more resources on
promoting the competitiveness and expansion of U.S. industry. The House transfers
the trade promotion activities of TD- the Advocacy Center, the Trade Information
Center, and Office of Export Assistance- to the new Trade Promotion Unit. Funds
for the textile initiatives, the National Textile Center, and the Textile/Clothing
Technology Corporation have not been requested in the President’s FY2004 budget,
but the House funds these initiatives at 2003 levels.
Market Access and Compliance Unit (MAC). The Administration requests
$37.4 million for the Market Access and Compliance Unit (MAC). In FY2003,
Congress appropriated $31.2 million. The House appropriated $38.2 million and
directed the establishment of an Office of Enforcement within the Unit.
Import Administration Unit (IA). The President’s FY2004 budget requests
$53.6 million for the Import Administration (IA) unit; Congress appropriated $44.2

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million in FY2003.
The House appropriated $68.2 million and directed the
reorganization of the Unit into separate anti-dumping and countervailing duty case
processing divisions and a policy and negotiation division. The House version also
provided $3 million for the establishment of an Office of China Compliance to focus
on trade remedy issues pertinent to small and medium sized domestic industry.
Commercial Service. The Administration requests $204.5 million for this
Unit, formerly known as the U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service, an increase of
$2.5 million from the $202 million appropriated in FY2003. The House directed the
reorganization of this entity, renaming it the Trade Promotion Unit (TPU), and
appropriated $217 million. The House proposed the transfer of the trade promotion
functions of the current TD Unit (the Trade Information Center, the Advocacy
Center, and the Office of Export Assistance) to the TPU. It directed the TPU to
establish a Middle East Business Information Center and a China Business
Information Center. The House also directed the agency to create American Trading
Centers in China to promote the importation of U.S. goods and services into China.
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR). USTR is the chief
trade negotiator for the United States and is located in the Executive Office of the
President (EOP). It is responsible for developing and coordinating U.S. international
trade and direct investment policies. The Office had about 209 FTEs in FY2003. The
President’s FY2004 request is $37 million, $2 million above the amount approved
by Congress in FY2003. The House appropriated $42 million. Part of the increase in
this request is meant to fund the negotiation of addition bilateral and regional free
trade agreements. Since the FY2003 request, the President has announced the
beginning of free trade negotiations with the 5 nations of the Central American
Common Market, the Southern African Customs Union, Australia, Morocco, and has
expressed interest in commencing negotiations with Bahrain. The House also
expressed concern about the degree of responsiveness of USTR to complaints by
U.S. small and medium sized business about the agency’s enforcement of U.S. trade
laws and agreements with China. The House provides $2 million in additional
funding for 9 positions to monitor and enforce trade commitments made by China.
The House also cautioned trade negotiators against using U.S. Treasury funds to
resolve trade disputes, and it refused to capitalize a fund set up by the Trade Act of
2002 (P.L. 107-210) to settle monetary fines resulting from adverse decisions at the
WTO.
U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC). ITC is an independent,
quasi-judicial agency that advises the President and Congress on the impact of U.S.
foreign economic policies on U.S. industries and is charged with administering
various U.S. trade remedy laws. Its six commissioners are appointed by the President
for 9-year terms. As a matter of policy, its budget request is submitted to Congress
by the President without revision. For FY2004, ITC requested $58.3 million, an
approximately $4.3 million increase over the FY2003 appropriation ($54 million).
The increase is intended to be used to fund a mandatory 3.1% pay increase, to fund
several information technology projects to increase public access to trade
information, to improve electronic transaction capability, and to develop more
accurate trade information for affected constituents. The House appropriated $57
million.

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CRS-21
Bureau of Industry and Security. The President’s FY2004 request for the
Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) (formerly the Bureau of Export
Administration) is $78.2 million. Congress appropriated $74.7 million in FY2003.
In FY2003, the President requested $103.3 million, however, that request included
funds for the Critical Infrastructure Assurance Office which was transferred to the
Department of Homeland Security. The House appropriated $70.2 million (of which
$1.9 million represents unobligated balances from the previous year): $33.4 million
for export administration and licensing activities, $30.4 million for enforcement and
$7.2 million for enforcement activities related to the Chemical Weapons Convention.
BIS administers export controls on dual-use goods and technology through its
licensing and enforcement functions. It facilitates cooperation with other nations on
export control policy, and provides assistance to the U.S. business community to
comply with U.S. and multilateral export controls. It administers the anti-boycott
statutes of the United States, and it is also charged with monitoring the U.S. defense
industrial base. The agency had 459 full-time employees in FY2003.
BIS seeks to create a new Office of Technology Evaluation to enable the Bureau
to identify sensitive new technologies for inclusion on the Commerce Control List
(CCL), to conduct systematic reviews of items on the CCL including foreign
availability and mass market determinations, and to review multilateral export
control regimes and national control regimes of regime partners. This Office is
proposed in response to criticism leveled by the GAO that BIS has failed to conduct
regular foreign availability assessments and has failed to analyze the cumulative
effects of certain technology transfers. (See GAO Report 02-620, Export Controls:
Rapid Advances in China’s Semiconductor Industry Underscore Need for
Fundamental U.S. Policy Review, May 8, 2002) The House did not provide funding
for this initiative.
Economic
Development
Administration.
For
FY2004,
the
Administration has requested a total appropriation of $364.4 million. Of this
amount, $331 million is for the agency’s Economic Development Assistance
Programs (EDAP), and $33.4 million for Salaries and Expenses (S&E). The House
approved a total of $318.7 million for the Economic Development Administration,
including $288.1 billion for EDAP and $30.6 million for S&E.
The Senate
Appropriations Committee recommended a total of $387.7 million for EDA,
including $357.1 million for EDAP and $30.6 million for S&E.
The Senate Appropriations Committee’s recommendation boosts the public
works grants (Title I) to $272.1 million, while the House-approved version provides
$203.1 million.
For FY2003, the Administration had requested a total appropriation of $349.9
million for EDA.
More specifically, it requested $317.2 million for EDAP,
representing a net $17.8 million decrease from FY2002.
The Consolidated
Appropriations Resolution for FY2003 (P.L. 108-7) provided EDA with a total
appropriation of $320.8 million—$290 million for EDAP and $30.8 million for S&E.
The agency’s current authorization expires at the end of this fiscal year.
Hearings on the Administration’s proposal for reauthorizing EDA were held on June
4 by the House Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and

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Emergency Management. On June 25, the House Transportation and Infrastructure
Committee adopted a modified version of the Administration’s five-year
reauthorization bill. The Senate Environment and Public Works Committee has yet
to take up the EDA reauthorization issue.
Under H.R. 2535, the local match rate for economic development district
planning grants would be changed from the current rate of 50-50% to a minimum of
65-35% and maximum of 80-20%.
As part of a compromise, the bill also
incorporates the current 10 percent district bonus into a modified version of the
Administration’s new performance incentive program for public works and economic
adjustment assistance grantees. The overall performance award program would focus
on the grantees ability to complete the project as scheduled, exceed job creation goals
and leverage private sector capital.
Minority Business Development Agency. For the Minority Business
Development Agency (MBDA) in FY2004, the Bush Administration requests $29.49
million. This amount is $770,000 below the FY2003 funding level of $28.72
million. The House bill would provide $29 million for MBDA, which is about
$487,000 below the requested amount. The Senate Appropriations Committee
recommends $28.72 million, which equals the FY2003 funding level.
Economic and Statistical Analysis. The department’s Economic and
Statistical Analysis programs are conducted by the Bureau of Economic Analysis
(BEA) and the Bureau of the Census. In FY2004, the President requests $84.76
million for these programs, which is $13.08 million (18.2%) above the FY2003
funding level. The Administration believes that the BEA’s timely and accurate
statistical reports are essential for providing reliable data to policymakers, industry,
and consumers. The House bill provides $75 million, which is roughly $9.76 million
below the Administration request, but $3.31 million above the FY203 amount. The
Senate Appropriations Committee would match the Administration’s request.
Bureau of The Census. To fund the Bureau of the Census in FY2004,
President Bush requested a total of $662 million: $220.9 million for salaries and
expenses and $441.1 million for periodic programs, including the decennial census.
The total request, which exceeded the FY2003 enacted amount by $111.1 million,
asked an additional $39.1 million for salaries and expenses, and an extra $72 million
for periodic programs.
The House Appropriations Committee, and the full House, approved the
President’s request. The committee directed the Bureau “to continue to streamline
and prioritize programs to ensure the highest priority core activities are supported”
in the areas of current economic and demographic statistics. Concerning the 2010
decennial census, the committee stated its support for the Administration’s efforts to
design and test a “simplified, streamlined short-form census,” and expressed support
for the American Community Survey (ACS), which will collect long-form census
data on an on-going basis rather than once a decade. The House recommended
$260.2 million for 2010 census planning, of which $112.1 million would be for a re-
engineered short form census and $64.8 million would be for the ACS.

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CRS-23
The Senate Appropriations Committee noted that the Bureau will have available
about $12.2 million in recoveries of prior year obligations.
The committee
recommended a total of $550.9 million for the Bureau in FY2004, $111.1 million
below the President’s request and the House-approved amount. Of the $550.9
million, $215.5 million was recommended for the 2010 census. The committee
directed the Bureau to provide it, by May 1, 2004, with a report on reimbursements
received for work performed for other federal agencies and other organizations.
National Telecommunications and Information Administration. The
National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) is the
executive branch’s principal advisory office on domestic and international
telecommunications and information technology issues and policies. It has as its
mandate to provide greater access for all Americans to telecommunications services;
to support for U.S. attempts to open foreign markets; to advise on international
telecommunications negotiations; to fund research grants for new technologies and
their applications; and to assist non-profit organizations converting to digital
transmission in the 21st century.
The NTIA overall budget has three components: Salaries and Expenses, the
Technology Opportunity Program (TOP), and the Public Telecommunications
Facilities, Planning and Construction (PTFPC) program. Salaries and Expenses
largely relate to administrative functions, maintaining domestic and international
policy development, and spectrum management. The TOP is a competitive, merit-
based matching grant program to develop information and telecommunications
infrastructure. The PTFPC program assists public broadcast stations, state and local
governments, Indian tribes, and non-profit organizations in constructing facilities and
bringing educational and cultural programs to the U.S. public, and is a competitive,
merit-based grant program.
For FY2004, the Bush Administration has requested an NTIA budget of $21.4
million, down from $73.6 million in FY2003. For Salaries and Expenses, the Bush
Administration has requested $18.6 million, up from $14.7 million in FY2003. This
increase would be used to further develop basic research, analytical, and management
topics of interest to the U.S. telecommunications and information sectors of the
economy. For the TOP, the Bush Administration has requested zero funding in
FY2004; in FY2003, TOP receives $15.5 million.
The Bush Administration
contends that the TOP program has by its very successes achieved its objectives. For
the PTFPC, the Bush Administration has requested $2.5 million in FY2004 to close
out this program’s activities. Public broadcast transmission and digital conversion
would be taken over completely by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. In
FY2003, the PTFPC receives $43.6 million. The House agreed to the following FY
2004 funding figures for NTIA: $14.6 million in Salaries and Expenses; $15.4
million for TOP; $2.5 million for PTFPC; and a total appropriations of $32.5 million
The Senate Appropriations Committee agreed to the following FY 2004 figures: $15
million for Salaries and Expenses; $15.5 million for TOP; $55 million for PTFPC;
and a total appropriation of $85.5 million.
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
(USPTO) is funded by user fees collected from customers that are designated as
“offsetting collections” and subject to spending limits established by the

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Appropriations Committee. For FY2004, the Administration’s budget would provide
the USPTO with the authority to spend $1.203 billion from fees generated in that
fiscal year. In addition, the Administration proposes to support legislation to change
the statutory fee structure to raise an additional $201 million for the Office. This
$1.404 billion in budget authority is almost 19% more than FY2003, yet is $100
million less than the $1.504 billion the USPTO estimates it will collect in fees during
FY2004.
H.R. 2799, as passed by the House on July 23, 2003, recommends $1.239 billion
in budget authority for the USPTO. Of this amount, $1.139 billion is derived from
fees to be collected in FY2004 and $100 million is from fees generated in prior fiscal
years. The House figure is almost 5% above the FY2003 budget authority, but
approximately 12% below the President’s budget request. The recommended budget
authority is $265 million less than the expected FY2003 fee collection.
As reported by the Senate Committee on Appropriations, S. 1585 provides the
USPTO with the budget authority to spend $1.217 billion in FY2004. This figure is
almost 3% above the current fiscal year but approximately 2% less than that
contained in the House-passed appropriations legislation.
Under the Omnibus Budget Act (P.L. 108-7), the USPTO has the budget
authority to spend $1.182 billion for FY2003. Of this amount, $1.015 billion is to
be derived from offsetting collections and $167 million is from fees collected in
previous years. While the budget authority is 5% more than the prior fiscal year, it
is $345 million less than the $1.527 billion expected to be generated in fees by the
USPTO during FY2003.
Since 1990, appropriation measures have limited the ability of the U.S. Patent
and Trademark Office to utilize the full amount of fees collected in each fiscal year.
This is an area of controversy. Opponents of this approach argue that agency
operations are supported by payments for services that must be financed in the year
the expenses are incurred. Proponents of current methods maintain that the fees are
necessary to help balance the budget and the amount of fees appropriated back to the
USPTO are sufficient to cover operating costs.
National Institute of Standards and Technology.
The Bush
Administration’s FY2004 budget requests $496.8 million for the National Institute
of Standards and Technology (NIST). This amount is 30% less than the FY2003
appropriation due to significant reductions in support for the Advanced Technology
Program (ATP) and the Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP), two extramural
programs operated by NIST. The $27 million designated for ATP is to cover on-
going commitments; no new projects would be funded. The $12.6 million for MEP
is to finance the operation of centers that have not received 6 years of federal support.
In-house research and development performed under the Scientific and Technical
Research and Services (STRS) account would be funded at $387.6 million, an
increase of 8% over the previous fiscal year. The construction budget would be
$69.6 million.
H.R. 2799, as passed by the House on July 23, 2003, provides $460.1 million
in FY2004 funding for NIST. This figure is 35% below the FY2003 appropriation

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CRS-25
due primarily to a major reduction in support for MEP and no funding for ATP.
Included in the total is $357.9 million for the core programs in the STRS account (a
small increase over FY2003, but 7% below the President’s FY2004 request) and
$39.6 million for the Manufacturing Extension Partnership (a 63% reduction from
FY2003, although 68% above the Administration’s FY2004 budget request). The
construction budget would total $62.6 million.
S. 1585, as reported from the Senate Committee on Appropriations on
September 4, 2003, would fund NIST at $835.2 million for FY2003, 18% above the
current fiscal year and almost 81% more than the amount in the House-passed bill.
The significant increases contained in the Senate legislation are due primarily to the
restoration of funding for the Manufacturing Extension Program and an increase in
support for the Advanced Technology Program. S. 1585 provides $383.4 million for
the STRS account (7% above FY2003 and the House bill), $106.6 million for MEP
(a slight increase from the current fiscal year and 169% more than H.R. 2799), and
$259.6 million for ATP. While the President’s budget and the House bill would
eliminate ATP, the financing of the program contained in the Senate legislation
would increase support by 45% over FY2003. In addition, the Committee Report to
accompany the Senate bill recommends that of the amount designated for ATP, $50
million be used from homeland security projects. Construction would be funded at
$84.6 million.
NIST received $707.5 million in appropriations for FY2003 (after the 0.65%
across the board recision required by P.L. 108-7), an increase of almost 5% above the
previous fiscal year. Included in this figure is $357.1 million for the STRS account,
$178.8 million for ATP, $105.9 million for MEP, and $65.7 million for construction.
Continued support for the Advanced Technology Program has been a major
funding issue. ATP provides “seed financing,” matched by private sector investment,
to businesses or consortia (including universities and government laboratories) for
development of generic technologies that have broad applications across industries.
Opponents of the program cite it as a prime example of “corporate welfare,”
whereby the federal government invests in applied research activities that, they
emphasize, should be conducted by the private sector. Others defend ATP, arguing
it assists businesses (and small manufacturers) develop technologies that, while
crucial to industrial competitiveness, would not or could not be developed by the
private sector alone. While Congress has maintained support for the Advanced
Technology Program, the initial appropriation bills passed by the House since
FY2002 failed to provide funding for ATP. The current House-passed legislation
does the same. The Bush Administration’s FY2004 budget proposal once again
would eliminate the program.
However, the bill reported by the Senate
Appropriations Committee provides a substantial increase in ATP support.
The budget for the Manufacturing Extension Partnership, another extramural
program administered by NIST, appears to be an issue for the upcoming fiscal year.
While in the recent past, congressional support for MEP remained constant, this year
the House Appropriations Committee reported a bill that substantially decreased
federal funding for this initiative. The Administration’s FY2003 and FY2004 budget
request also included reduced support for MEP. This reflected the President’s
recommendation that manufacturing extension centers “...with more than six years

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experience operate without federal contribution.” In the Senate, the bill reported
from the Appropriations Committee would fully fund the program.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. On September 5,
2003, the Senate Appropriations Committee reported S. 1585 (S.Rept. 108-144), its
version of CJS appropriations for FY2004. The Committee recommended a total of
$3.78 billion in funding for NOAA. The House passed its version of the funding bill,
H.R. 2799, on July 23, 2003, appropriating $3.05 billion for NOAA. Earlier this
year, President George W. Bush requested a total of $3.34 billion for NOAA for
FY2004. Final Consolidated Appropriations for FY2003, of $3.25 billion were
enacted in February 2003. Discussion of these funding actions are included below
in reverse chronological order. Congressional leaders announced recently, that they
may consider an Omnibus Appropriations bill for FY2004, covering all
appropriations bills not yet passed, which could include NOAA funding. This
measure would likely be introduced after a stop-gap funding bill that would keep the
federal government operating after September 30, 2003.
Highlights. The Senate Appropriation Committee’s funding recommendation
for NOAA for FY2004 of $3.78 billion was $440.5 million, or 11.7%, greater than
the $3.34 billion requested by the President. Compared with the House-passed H.R.
2799, which allocates $3.05 billion, it is $730 million, or 23.9% greater. Compared
with FY2003 appropriations of $3.19 billion, it is $590 million, or 15.6%, greater.
The Committee recommended $2.69 billion for NOAA’s Operations, Research, and
Facilities (ORF) account, and $990.1 million for the Procurement, Acquisition, and
Construction (PAC) account. For NOAA’s “Other Accounts” it recommended $90
million for the Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund (PCSRF), and $7 million for
other fisheries accounts. S. 1585 would create two new accounts: the “Litigation
and Settlement Fund,” funded at $5 million, and the “International Fisheries
Commissions” (IFC) account, funded at $20.7 million. The IFC merges the assets
and activities of NOAA and the Department of State under NOAA management.
Additional budget authority for FY2004 for ORF would be derived from transfers,
including $52 million from the interagency Promote and Develop American Fisheries
(PDAF) account and $3 million from the Coastal Zone Management Fund (CZMF).
The Committee also let NOAA retain $15 million in spending authority from
FY2003 budget deobligations.
In its report on S. 1585 (S.Rept. 108-144), the Senate Appropriations Committee
stated that, for FY2004, it attempted to “tease out” salaries and expenses from
general programmatic funding for each of NOAA’s five line offices. However, the
Committee noted that, because budget reporting was not consistent across the agency,
that task was difficult. Committee funding tables in the bill report provide details for
most of NOAA’s line offices, showing funding for individual NOAA programs and
other budgetary elements, which the Committee stated, in some cases, were “lumped
together [by the agency] under base funding.” The Committee admonished NOAA
about its future budget submissions, stating they expected the agency to follow the
organization of funding tables in the bill report on S. 1585, without exception.
The following table contains the Senate Committee’s funding recommendations
for NOAA line offices, PAC account, and “Other Accounts” along with NOAA

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CRS-27
appropriations for FY2003, the President’s request for FY2004, and appropriations
found in House-passed H.R. 2799.
NOAA: President’s Budget Request and Congressional Appropriations For FY2004
($ millions)
NOAA Budget Accounts and Line Offices
FY2003
FY2004
H.R.
S.
Enacteda,b
Request
2799c
1585d
Operations, Research, and Facilities (ORF)
NOAA Ocean Service (NOS)
417.9
391.0
363.2
508.6
NOAA Fisheries (NMFS)
580.1
621.0
545.1
672.5
NOAA Research (OAR)
374.7
366.5
306.4
394.5
National Weather Service (NWS)
698.8
721.0
713.8
696.9
NOAA Satellites and Information (NESDIS)
150.6
150.3
146.3
148.8
PS-NOAA Corporate Services (CS)
68.8
93.9
87.3
179.7
PS-Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (OMAO)
75.5
109.1
101.4
114.8
PS-Facilities
13.2
29.5
13.1
32.8
Budget authority derived from deobligations/transfers
(82.0)
(90.0)
(96.2)
(67.0)
ORF Total Appropriation e
2,298.5
2,392.3
2,180.5
2,681.5
Non-ORF
Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction (PAC)
819.1f
842.4
794.1
990.1
Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery
129.2g
90.0
90.0
90.0
International Fisheries Commission h
16.9
20.0
–
20.7
Other Fisheries/Mandatories
(11.0)
(5.9)
(10.0)
(8.0)
Non-ORF Total Appropriation
954.2
946.5
874.1
1,072.1
NOAA Discretionary Totals*
3,252.7
3,338.8
3,054.6i
3,779.4
Source: Table Compiled by CRS from sources noted below. For more information about NOAA’s FY2003 funding, see CRS Report
RL31567, The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): President’s Budget and Congressional Appropriations for
FY2003, updated December 6, 2002.
*Numbers may not add due to rounding.
a. P.L. 108-7, as printed in Congressional Record, February 12, 2003: H904-H932, H947, as it relates to FY2003 NOAA appropriations.
See also H.Rept. 108-10, Division B.
b. FY2004 budget request numbers as reported by the House Appropriations Committee, May 5, 2003. A breakout of NOAA line office
funding requested for FY2004 was reported by the U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
the FY2004 Budget Summary, February 3, 2003, found at [http://www.noaa.gov ].
c. As reported by the House CJS Appropriations Subcommittee, H.Rept. 108-221, to accompany H.R. 2799, July 21, 2003.
d. As reported by the Senate Appropriations Committee, S.Rept. 108-144, to accompany S. 1585, Sept. 5, 2003.
e. ORF appropriations totals exclude other budget authority such as deobligations, mandatory transfers within NOAA, or funding provided
by other federal agencies. These are subtracted in the previous line.

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CRS-28
f. Amount included $65 million in FY2003 Supplemental Appropriations for NOAA weather satellites (P.L. 108-11). Deobligations of
$3.2 million for PAC are also reflected in this amount.
g. Amount includes request for $40 million as final U.S. payment for two restoration funds under the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty.
h. The House does not include funding for “International Fisheries Commissions,” a new category in the Senate bill. The Senate reported
$16.9 million in its funding estimate for the House in S.Rept. 108-221.
i. The Senate total reported for the House was $148.3 million greater than the House Appropriations Committee reported. That difference
cannot be accounted for in S.Rept. 108-221, the bill report on S. 1585.
In most cases, funding recommended by the Senate Appropriations Committee
for each of NOAA’s budget line offices exceeded those in House-passed H.R. 2799,
final FY2003 Omnibus Appropriations (P.L. 108-7), and the President’s request for
FY2004. One exception, however, was the National Weather Service, which the
Senate Committee cut by $17 million from House appropriations and $24 million
from the FY2004 request. In this case, the Committee did not recommend funding
for an “All Hazard National Warning Radio,” an aircraft replacement, or a facilities
security upgrade, all of which were requested by the President and funded in House-
Passed H.R. 2799. On the other hand, the Committee provided start-up funding for
NOAA to acquire Phased Array Radar (PAR), which is military radar that would be
converted for civilian weather forecasting and for “Mesonet” a cooperative network
for forecasting weather conditions at the regional level.
The Committee expressed harsh words for NOAA’s Office of Oceanic and
Atmospheric Research (OAR), which manages all of NOAA’s Environmental Labs,
joint institutions, and most of NOAA’s academic and private sector research
partnerships. It directed NOAA to evaluate the need for keeping the current OAR
line office intact. A similar directive was included in House-passed H.R. 2799. The
Committee noted that, NOAA Research activities should support NOAA operations,
but found that OAR conducts independent research, or has duplicated efforts of other
NOAA line offices or federal agencies. The Committee cited NOAA solar and
“space weather” observations as examples, duplicated in NASA programs.
Consequently, it did not fund solar research activities at NOAA for FY2004.
NOAA Fisheries was reprimanded by the Committee for not differentiating
between fixed and variable costs in its baseline funding in its budget request, e.g.,
funding for ESA and other regulatory responsibilities required by law and personnel
costs vis-a-vis ordinary programmatic funding.
House Appropriations. On July 23, 2003, the House passed H.R. 2799
appropriating $3.05 billion for NOAA for FY2004. (See table, above.) That amount
is $290 million, or 8.7%, less than the President’s FY2004 request of $3.34 billion,
and $130 million, or 4.1% less than FY2003 appropriations of $3.19 billion. The
House approved $2.18 billion for ORF funding, $794.1 million for PAC, and $80
million for NOAA’s Other Accounts. Although $90 million was appropriated for the
PCSRF, matching the President’s request, total appropriations for NOAA’s Other
Accounts was cut by $10 million, including $3 million for the CZMF that was not
funded, and a $7 million reduction for the NOAA Fisheries Finance Program.
Additional budget authority of $79.3 million for ORF was transferred from the
interagency PDAF account. The House also approved additional budget authority of
$17 million from FY2003 deobligations.

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CRS-29
Generally, FY2004 House appropriations for NOAA line offices were less than
the President’s request, but were greater for NWS and Program Support. The House
did not approve a $3 million transfer to ORF from the CZMF requested by the
President. In the House bill’s funding tables, funding for conservation spending,
authorized in Title VIII of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of
2001, was not separate from regular National Ocean Service PAC funding. The
House affirmed, however, that the required funding would be obligated from
construction and land acquisition monies.
The House directed NOAA to obligate all NOAA Fisheries “habitat and
conservation” funding for projects other than the PCSRF, for which it appropriated
$90 million. The House also provided $16 million for a limited partnership with
non-federal entities providing grants to coastal communities which develop ocean
and coastal observation systems. The House, like the Senate, required NOAA to
evaluate the current operations of its 12 Environmental Research Labs for possible
cost savings and potential consolidation. The House also directed the transfer of $4.3
million for tsunami mitigation funding from NOAA Research to the National
Weather Service. In addition, it required NWS to assume the full cost of operating
the network of Micronesian weather service offices, which are also funded, in part,
by the Department of the Interior. The House bill also included language that would
permanently prohibit use of NOAA funding to support U.S. Air Force hurricane
reconnaissance activities.
New funding of $2 million was appropriated to establish an “Office of Program
Planning and Integration” within NOAA Administration. The House also required
the Secretary of Commerce to submit a 5-year spending plan for NOAA satellite
operations, prior to the agency obligating any FY2004 funds for those activities. The
House appropriated $1 million to upgrade NOAA aircraft to comply with FAA and
ICAO safety regulations. The House, like the Senate Appropriations Committee, did
not agree with a NOAA proposal to privatize the its Seafood Inspection Program.
President’s Request. In February 2003, President George W. Bush requested
a total of $3.34 billion for NOAA for FY2004, which is about $150 million, or 4.5%,
greater than FY2003 appropriations of $3.19 billion. Some $2.39 billion was
requested for ORF; $842 million for PAC; and $84.1 million for NOAA’s Other
Accounts. Additional spending authority of $93 million for ORF would be derived
from fund transfers, including $75 million from PDAF, and $3 million from CZMF.
The President also requested additional budget authority of $15 million from
previous fiscal year deobligations. Total funding requested for the PCSRF was $90
million.
In his FY2004 budget submission, the President boasted an increase of $190
million for NOAA for FY2004, compared with appropriations requests for FY2003.
(At that time, final congressional appropriations for FY2003 were not enacted.)
When the FY2004 request is compared with FY2003 congressional appropriations,
the increase is less, or about $84 million. If the FY2004 request is compared with
actual FY2002 appropriations, it is an increase of $70 million. As such, NOAA’s
constituents urged Congress to disregard the President’s FY2003 estimates, and use
its own estimations to garner a more accurate sense of how NOAA programs might
fare under the President’s budget request.

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CRS-30
That notwithstanding, the President did request increases for some NOAA line
offices, when compared with FY2003 enacted appropriations. (See table above). For
ORF, these included $40.9 million for NOAA Fisheries (NMFS), $22.2 million for
the National Weather Service (NWS), $75 million for Program Support (PS), and
$76 million for NOAA Satellites (NESDIS-PAC). ORF reductions in the request
included, $26.9 million for the National Ocean Service (NOS) and $8.2 million for
NOAA Research (OAR). Other reductions included $68 million from NOS-PAC
funding, owing to construction and land acquisition projects completed in FY2003.
Other Issues. Many of NOAA’s stakeholders have been concerned about the
potential budget impacts of proposed personnel-related obligations in the FY2004
request, including employee retirement benefits that would be scored against the
agency’s budget in FY2004, if approved by Congress.
Many constituents are
apprehensive that these new obligations might mean less discretionary budget
authority for FY2004, which would likely continue in out-years. However, in the
recent House-passed version of the CJS funding bill for FY2004 (H.R. 2799), no
mention of the transfer of obligations was made.
Likewise, the Senate
Appropriations Committee version of the bill (S. 1585) contains no reference to the
President’s proposal to transfer additional personnel expenses from OPM to NOAA.
As another issue of notoriety in the FY2004 request, at the recommendation of
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), President Bush requested a 2% raise
for members of the NOAA Commissioned Officers Corps, and the U.S. Public
Health Service Commissioned Officer Corps. The recommended increase would be
equivalent to that requested for civilian federal employees for FY2004. In previous
years, NOAA Commissioned Officers have received the same base pay increase as
their counterparts in the 5 military uniformed services. NOAA generally follows
Defense Department pay guidelines for its commissioned officers. Soon after OMB
announcement, lobbying groups representing the “7 Uniformed Services of the
United States,” including the Military Officers Association of America (MOAA) and
the Commissioned Officers’ Association of the Public Health Service Corps (COA),
protested the Administrations’ cost cutting measure, and these organizations initiated
a letter writing campaign to Congress.
Both asserted that NOAA and PHS
commissioned officers face the same hardships as their counterparts in the military
services, and NOAA cited “invaluable service to the Nation provided in the aftermath
of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States.”
Under current law, NOAA Commissioned Officers may be called into active
military duty by the Secretary of Commerce at the behest of the President, who is
Commander in Chief of the U.S. Military Armed Forces. Currently, the House
supports the President’s proposal in the FY2004 Defense Authorization Act (H.R.
1588). Conferees took up the measure on July 22, 2003, but it has not yet been
reported. The Senate’s version of the bill (S. 1047) calls for the same base pay raises
for both civilian and military personnel. The Senate Appropriations Committee
version of the Transportation and Treasury Departments Appropriations Act for 2004
(S. 1589), contains similar language about parity in FY2004 base pay increases, as
included in the Senate version of the Defense Authorization bill, in which the two
non-military uniformed services would receive raises commensurate with their
federal civilian and military counterparts.

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CRS-31
Departmental Management. The President’s FY2004 budget request calls
for $80.57 million for Departmental Management. This would be about $15.4
million above the FY2003 appropriation, a 23.6% increase.
The House
Appropriations Committee recommends $66.66 million, an amount nearly $14
million below the Administration’s request, but roughly $1.5 million above the
FY2003 level. The House bill, which was passed on July 23, 2003, approved this
funding level. The Senate Appropriations Committee recommends $65.78 million.
The Commerce Department’s Inspector General (IG) is funded through the
Departmental Management account. The Administration requests $23.38 million for
the IG, which is roughly $2.88 (14%) above the FY2003 amount. The House bill
would approve $22 million for the IG, which is $1.38 million below the requested
level. The Senate Appropriations Committee recommends $21.12 million.
Table 6. FY2004 Funding for the Department of Commerce and Related Agencies
($$millions in budget authority)
FY2004
FY2004
FY2004
FY2002
FY2003
FY2004
Bureau or Agency
Admin.
House
Senate
Enacted
Enacted
Enacted
Request
Passed
Reported
International Trade Administration
$345.5
$359.8
$395.1
$382.1
$372.1
Bureau of Industry and Security
$70.6
$66.3
$78.2
$68.2
$73.1
Economic Development Administration
$365.6
$318.7
$364.4
$318.7
$387.7
Minority Business Development Agency
$28.4
$28.7
$29.5
$29.0
$28.7
Economic and Statistical Analysis
$62.5
$71.7
$84.8
$75.0
$84.8
Bureau of the Census
$479.5
$550.9
$662.0
$662.0
$550.9
National Telecommunications and
$81.3
$73.3
$21.4
$32.5
$85.5
Information Administration
Patent and Trademark Officea
($1,127.5)
($1,182.0)
($1,395.1)
($1,238.7)
($1,217.5)
Technology Administration
$8.2
$9.8
$8.0
$7.8
--
National Institute of Standards and
$684.8
$707.5
$496.8
$460.1
$845.0
Technology
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
$3,249.7
$3,235.7
$3,318.8
$3,054.5
$3,779.4
Administration
Departmental Management
$63.0
$65.2
$80.6
$66.7
$65.8
Department of Commerce Subtotal:
$5,739.0
$5,704.0
$5,718.6
$5,156.6
$6,273.9
U.S. Trade Representative
$30.1
$37.1
$37.0
$42.0
$37.0
International Trade Commission
$51.4
$53.7
$58.3
$57.0
$58.3
Related Agencies Subtotal:
$81.5
$91.7
$95.3
$99.0
$95.3
Title II Total:
$5,804.5
$5,795.8
$5,813.8
$5,255.6
$6,369.1
Source: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Appropriations.
a. The Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) is fully funded by user fees. The fees collected, but not obligated during the current year, are
available for obligation in the following fiscal year, and do not count toward the appropriation totals. Only newly appropriated funds
count toward the annual appropriation totals.

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CRS-32
Related Legislation
H.R. 959 (Saxton)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceanography Amendments
Act of 2003. Amends federal law to establish as a permanent program (previously
conducted in FY1992 and FY1993) a Coastal Ocean Program to augment and
integrate existing research capabilities of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (Administration) with other research capabilities. The bill was
introduced on Feb. 27, 2003, and referred to the House Committee on Resources.
H.R. 2535 (LaTourette)
Economic Development Administration Reauthorization Act of 2003. This bill
reauthorizes and seeks to improve the programs authorized by the Public Works and
Economic Development Act of 1965. H.R. 2535 was introduced on June 19, 2003,
and referred to the House Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure and
Financial Services. The Transportation and Infrastructure Committee approved the
bill on June 25, 2003.
H.R. 1561 (L. Smith)
United States Patent and Trademark Fee Modernization Act of 2003. This bill
would amend federal patent law to lower patent filing and basic national fees;
increase excess claims, disclaimer, appeal, extension, revival, and maintenance fees;
and add new application examination, patent search, and patent issuance fees. It
would also prescribe fees under the Trademark Act of 1946 for electronic and paper
applications for trademark registration.
H.R. 1561 was referred to the House
Committee on The Judiciary on April 3, 2003. On May 22, 2003, the Subcommittee
on Courts, the Internet, and Intellectual Property approved the bill and forwarded it
to the full committee.
Related CRS Products
CRS Report 95-36, The Advanced Technology Program, by Wendy H. Schacht.
CRS Report RL31680, Homeland Security: Standards for State and Local
Preparedness, by Ben Canada.
CRS Report 97-104, Manufacturing Extension Partnership: An Overview, by Wendy
H. Schacht.
CRS Report 95-30, The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An
Overview, by Wendy H. Schacht.
CRS Report RS21460, The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA): A Brief Review of FY2003 Appropriations and the FY2004 Budget, by
Wayne A. Morrissey.
CRS Report RS20906, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Appropriations Process:
A Brief Explanation, by Wendy H. Schacht.

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CRS-33
The Judiciary
Background
Typically, Title III of the CJS appropriation covers funding for the Judiciary.
By statute (31 U.S.C. 1105 (b)) the judicial branch’s budget is accorded protection
from presidential alteration. Thus, when the President transmits a proposed federal
budget to Congress, he must forward the judicial branch’s proposed budget to
Congress unchanged. That process has been in operation since 1939. The total
appropriation for the Judiciary in FY2003 was $4.890 billion.
The Judiciary budget consists of more than 10 separate accounts. Two of these
accounts fund the Supreme Court of the United States: one covering the Court’s
salary and operational expenses and the other covering expenditures for the care of
its building and grounds. Traditionally, in a practice dating back to the 1920s, one
or more of the Court’s Justices appear before either a House or Senate appropriations
subcommittee to address the budget requirements of the Supreme Court for the
upcoming fiscal year, focusing primarily on the Court’s salary and operational
expenses. Subsequent to their testimony, the Architect of the Capitol submits a
request for the Court’s building and grounds account. Although it is at the apex of
the federal judicial system, the Supreme Court represents only a very small share of
the Judiciary’s overall funding. For FY2003, the total appropriations enacted for the
Supreme Court’s two accounts, $88.3 million, were 1.8 % of the Judiciary’s overall
appropriation of $4.89 billion.
The rest of the Judiciary’s budget provides funding for the “lower” federal
courts and for related judicial services. Among the lower court accounts, one dwarfs
all others — the Salaries and Expenses account for the U.S. Courts of Appeals and
District Courts. The account, however, covers not only the salaries of circuit and
district judges (including judges of the territorial courts of the United States), but also
those of retired justices and judges; U.S. Court of Federal Claims, bankruptcy and
magistrate judges; and all other officers and employees of the federal Judiciary not
specifically provided for by other accounts.
Other accounts for the lower courts include Defender Services (for
compensation and reimbursement of expenses of attorneys appointed to represent
criminal defendants), Fees of Jurors, the U.S. Court of International Trade, the
Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, the Federal Judicial Center (charged with
furthering the development of improved judicial administration), and the U.S.
Sentencing Commission (an independent commission in the judicial branch, which
establishes sentencing policies and practices for the courts).
The annual Judiciary budget request for the courts is presented to the House and
Senate appropriations subcommittees after being reviewed and cleared by the Judicial
Conference, the federal court system’s governing body. These presentations, typically
made by the chairman of the conference’s budget committee, are separate from
subcommittee appearances a Justice makes on behalf of the Supreme Court’s budget
request.

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CRS-34
The Judiciary budget does not appropriate funds for three “special courts” in the
U.S. court system: the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (funded in the
Department of Defense appropriations bill), the U.S. Tax Court (funded in the
Treasury, Postal Service appropriations bill), and the U.S. Court of Appeals for
Veterans Claims (funded in the Departments of Veteran Affairs and Housing and
Urban Development appropriations bill). Construction of federal courthouses also
is not funded within the Judiciary’s budget. The usual legislative vehicle for funding
federal courthouse construction is the Treasury-General Government appropriations
bill (now the Treasury-Transportation appropriations bill).
The Judiciary’s FY2004 Request
For FY2004, the Judiciary has requested $5.43 billion in total funding, an 11.0%
increase over $4.89 billion enacted for FY2003. More than three quarters of the
requested amount, $4.19 billion, is being sought for the Judiciary’s largest account,
Salaries and Expenses for the Courts of Appeals, District Courts and Other Judicial
Services. The Judiciary has requested increases over FY2003 levels for all of its
budget accounts except for two — the Supreme Court’s Building and Grounds
account ($4.7 million requested for FY2004, compared with $41.4 million
appropriated for FY2003), and Fees of Jurors and Commissioners ($53.2 million
requested for FY2004, compared with $54.3 million in FY2004).
At March 27, 2003, hearings before the House Appropriations Subcommittee
on CJS, a Judiciary spokesman said that nearly two-thirds of the requested increase
is required to maintain current operations with pay and benefit adjustments,
inflationary adjustments, increases in General Services Administration space rental
costs, an increase in filled Article III judgeships, and continued security measures.
The remaining one-third, he said, is primarily to provide for programmatic and
workload- related needs such as high-profile terrorist trials, an unprecedented number
of bankruptcy filings, and significant increases in the workload for probation and
pretrial services officers.
FY2004 Funding Issues
Supreme Court. The budget request of the Supreme Court for FY2003, as
customary, is in two parts. For the Court’s first account, Salaries and Expenses, the
Senate Appropriations Committee has recommended $59.4 million, compared with
the earlier House-passed amount of $55.4 million.
The Judiciary had requested
$57.5 million — 22.3% over FY2003 budget authority of $47.0 million. (Of the $4.2
million requested over base adjustments, most was related to technological
improvements in automation and security. The request also included $675,000 to
fund the hiring of 13 additional police officers. Subsequently, however, funding for
additional police officers was approved by Congress in the Emergency Wartime
Supplemental Appropriations Act, P.L. 108-11, enacted Apr.16, 2003.)
For the Court’s second account, Care of the Building and Grounds, $16.8
million was requested by the Court. This amount included the President’s original
request of $4.7 million (for traditional building and grounds operations and new
capital projects) and a “budget amendment” (the phrase used by the Judiciary in its

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CRS-35
FY2004 budget submission) of $12.2 million for continuation of the Supreme Court
building modernization program. The House-passed CJS bill, H.R 2799, has
appropriated $10.6 million for buildings and grounds, in keeping with the
recommendation of the House Appropriations Committee. In its report, the House
committee stated its understanding that “the Administration declined to transmit a
budget amendment necessary to adequately address the Supreme Court’s building
renovation project,” whereas, the committee continued, its recommendation “fully
funds the Court’s estimated fiscal year 2004 requirements for the building renovation
project.” (H.Rept. 108-221, at p. 115)
By contrast, the Senate Appropriations
Committee has recommended $4.7 million, which it said, was “identical to the
budget request.” (S.Rept. 108-144, at p. 116)
From FY1998 through FY2003, Congress has appropriated a total of $110.1
million for the multi-year Supreme Court modernization project, the first major
renovation of the Court building since its opening in 1935.
The $12.2 million
originally requested for the project in FY2004 would bring the total for the
modernization project up to its final projected cost of $122.3 million. However, the
Court has reduced its FY2004 request for the modernization project from $12.2
million to $6 million to reflect the funding amount actually expected to be obligated
during FY2004. The target date for completion of the project is the summer of 2008.
Defender Services. This account funds the operations of the federal public
defender and community defender organizations, and the compensation,
reimbursement, and expenses of private practice “panel attorneys” appointed by the
courts to serve as defense counsel to indigent individuals accused of federal crimes.
The Judiciary has requested $635.5 million in FY2004 funding for this account,
18.8% above the $535.0 million enacted for FY2003. The House bill provides
$613.9 million for Defender Services, an amount roughly $21.5 million below the
requested amount. The Senate Appropriations Committee has recommended $595.5
million, $40.5 million below the budget request.
The requested amount includes $2.6 million for an increase in the hourly pay
rate for panel attorneys in “capital cases” — cases where the Department of Justice
is seeking to impose the death penalty. The funding would increase the maximum
hourly pay rate in such cases from $128 to $157 effective on April 1, 2004. (The
$125 maximum hourly rate of compensation in capital cases has been in place
essentially since 1989, and subsequently was statutorily set as the maximum by the
Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, P.L. 104-132.) The request
also includes $10.4 million for an increase in the hourly pay rate for panel attorneys
in non-capital cases from $90 to $113, also effective on April 1, 2004. (The $90
hourly rate was implemented on May 1, 2002.)
In response, the House bill includes funding for an inflationary rate increase in
the non-capital panel attorney from $90 to $92 per hour and in the capital panel
attorney rate from $125 to $128 per hour, effective April 1,2004. The House
Appropriations Committee in its report (H.Rept. 108-221, at p. 117) explicitly
rejected the Judiciary’s request to increase non-capital panel attorney rates to $113
per hour.
For its part, the Senate Appropriations Committee has declined to
recommend an increase in either panel attorney rate.

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CRS-36
Court Security. The Judiciary has requested $311.2 million for this account,
a 16.7% increase over $267.7 million enacted for FY2003. Court Security, conferees
for the FY2003 bill (in H.Rept. 108-10) had noted, “is a unique account appropriated
to the Judiciary but primarily managed by the Department of Justice.” The conferees
said they expected the Director of the U.S. Marshals Service “to provide the same
level of budgetary and program oversight to this program as programs appropriated
directly to the U.S. Marshals Service.” The House bill provides $288.9 million for
Court Security, which is roughly $22.2 million below the requested amount. The
Senate Appropriations Committee has recommended an appropriation of $266.1
million, which is $45.1 million below the budget request.
Testifying before the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce,
Justice, State, the Judiciary on March 27, 2003, a Judiciary spokesman referred to
the106 supervisory deputy marshal positions, approved by Congress in FY2002 and
transferred to the Department of Justice in 2003, as a “linchpin to effective security
of our courthouses,” and he asked for Congress’s support to “ensure that they will
continue to be dedicated to courthouse security.”
The House Appropriations Committee, in its report (H.Rept. 108-221, at p. 117),
has noted that its recommendation, under the U.S. Marshals Service (USMS) account
in Title I of the CJS bill, provides funding for the 106 supervisory deputy marshal
positions.
However, the committee said it remains concerned about the
administration of court security by the USMS and the Administrative Office of the
U.S. Courts. The committee noted that in the Statement of Managers accompany the
FY2004 CJS act directed that future budget requests clearly display the level and
types of court security equipment and systems requested compared with the current
year. This information, the committee said, “was not provided in the fiscal year 2004
budget justifications nor was it provided in a timely manner after the submission of
the budget request.” Likewise, the Senate Appropriations Committee in its report
(S.Rept. 108-144, at p. 121) noted that it “has not received the study on the
management of this program and the unique relationship between the U.S. Marshals
Service and the Federal Judiciary as requested last year.”
Pay Increases for Judges and Justices. The Judiciary’s request includes
$4.0 million for a 2.0% cost-of-living increase adjustment for judges and justices,
effective January 2004. In February 2003, judges received a 3.1% cost-of-living
increase in their salaries, retroactive to January 1, 2003. The FY2003 pay adjustment
followed other upward adjustments in judges’ and justices’ salaries, which Congress
approved in fiscal years 2002, 2001, 2000, 1998, and 1993. Congress, however,
declined to authorize such adjustments for FY1999 or for fiscal years 1994 through
1997. The House bill (H.R. 2799) did not include funding for pay increases. The
Senate Appropriations Committee, however, has recommended both a cost-of-living
adjustment and a 16.5% salary increase for federal judges. The Senate-reported bill,
S. 1585, appropriates $36.0 million to fund the 16.5% salary hike.
The Senate
Appropriations Committee in its report (S. 108-144, at p. 197) anticipated that $4.0
million would be required to fund the cost-of-living adjustment.
On May 7, 2003, in a related legislative development, separate from the
appropriations process, Senator Orrin G. Hatch, chair of the Senate Judiciary
Committee, introduced legislation, S. 1023, to provide for a 16.5% pay increase to

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CRS-37
federal judges. On May 9, President George W. Bush announced his support for S.
1023. A companion bill in the House, H.R. 2118, was introduced by Representative
Henry J. Hyde on May 15, 2003.
The Judiciary’s FY2004 request came on the heels of the 2003 Year-End Report
on the Federal Judiciary of Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist. In that report, the
Chief Justice maintained that more than a cost-of-living adjustment was needed in
the way of a judicial salary increase. “We cannot continue to use an arrangement for
setting pay,” the Chief Justice declared, “that simply ignores the need to raise pay
until judicial and other high-level government salaries are so skewed that a large (and
politically unpopular) increase is necessary.” The Chief Justice explained, that “I am
not suggesting that we match the pay of the private sector — but the large and
growing disparity must be decreased if we hope to continue to provide our nation a
capable and effective federal judicial system.”
Table 7. FY2004 Funding for the Judiciary
(all amounts in millions)
FY2004
FY2004
FY2002
FY2003
FY2004
FY2004
Bureau or Agency
Admin.
Senate
Enacted
Enacted
House
Enacted
Request
Rept’d
Supreme Court —
$40.0
$47.0
$57.5
$55.4
$59.4
salaries and expenses
Supreme Court —
$77.5
$41.4
$4.7
$10.6
$4.7
building and grounds
U.S. Court of Appeals for
$19.3
$21.2
$22.4
$20.7
$20.7
the Federal Circuit
U.S. Court of International Trade
$13.1
$13.7
$14.2
$14.7
$13.2
Courts of Appeals, District Courts,
other judicial services —
$3,607.8
$3,777.0
$4,188.4
$4,004.2
$3,894.0
salaries and expenses
Vaccine Injury Act Trust Fund
$2.7
$2.8
$3.3
$3.3
$3.3
Defender Services
$500.7
$535.0
$635.5
$613.9
$595.0
Fees of Jurors and Commissioners
$48.1
$54.3
$53.2
$53.2
$53.2
Court Security
$297.9
$266.7
$311.2
$288.9
$266.1
Administrative Office of the
$64.5
$63.1
$71.9
$67.0
$63.7
U.S. Courts
Federal Judicial Center
$20.1
$20.7
$21.7
$21.4
$22.4
Retirement Funds
$37.0
$35.3
$29.0
$29.0
$29.0
U.S. Sentencing Commission
$11.6
$12.0
$13.2
$12.7
$12.0
General Provisions – Judges’
—
—
$4.0
—
$40.0
Pay Raise
$4,740.4
$4,890.0
$5,430.0
$5,194.4
$5,076.7
Title III Total:
Source: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Appropriations.

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CRS-38
Related CRS Products
CRS Report 98-527, Federal Courthouse Construction, by Stephanie Smith.
CRS Report RS20278, Judicial Salary-Setting Policy, by Sharon S. Gressle.
State and International Broadcasting
Background
The State Department, established July 27, 1789 (1 Stat.28; 22 U.S.C. 2651),
has a mission to advance and protect the worldwide interests of the United States and
its citizens. Currently, the State Department supports the activities of more than 50
U.S. agencies and organizations operating at 257 posts in 180 countries. As covered
in Title IV, the State Department funding categories include administration of foreign
affairs,
international
operations,
international
commissions,
and
related
appropriations. The enacted FY2003 appropriation for Title IV was $7.645 billion.
Typically, more than half of State’s budget is for Administration of Foreign Affairs
(about 78% in FY2003), which consists of salaries and expenses, diplomatic security,
diplomatic and consular programs, technology, and security/maintenance of overseas
buildings.
The Foreign Relations Authorization for FY1998-1999 (P.L. 105-277) provided
for the consolidation of the foreign policy agencies. As of the end of FY1999, the
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) and the United States Information
Agency (USIA) were abolished, and their budgets and functions were merged into
the Department of State.
Security issues have remained a top priority since the August 7, 1998 terrorist
attacks on two U.S. embassies in Africa. An immediate response was a $1.56 billion
supplemental enacted by the end of that year. In November 1999, the Overseas
Presence Advisory Panel reported its findings on embassy security needs and
recommendations. Also in November 1999, Congress authorized (P.L. 106-113)
$900 million annually for FY2000 through FY2004 for embassy security spending
within the embassy security, construction and maintenance (ESCM) account, in
addition to worldwide security funds in the diplomatic and consular programs
(D&CP) account.
After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack, Congress passed emergency
supplemental funds (P.L. 107-38 and P.L. 107-117) which included a total of $254.9
million for counter-terrorist and emergency response activities within the Department
of State and $47.9 million for international broadcasting. In addition, Congress
passed an FY2002 supplemental (H.R. 4775; H.Rept. 107-593) which provided $303
million for the Department of State and $15.1 million for international broadcasting.
(For an account-by-account presentation, see CRS Report RL31370, State
Department and Related Agencies: FY2003 Appropriations.)

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CRS-39
The United States contributes in two ways to the United Nations and other
international organizations: (1) voluntary payments funded in the Foreign Operations
Appropriations bill and (2) assessed contributions included in the Commerce, Justice,
and State Appropriations measure. Assessed contributions are provided in two
accounts, international peacekeeping (CIPA) and contributions to international
organizations (CIO). Following a period of dramatic growth in the number and
costs of U.N. peacekeeping missions during the early 1990s, a trend that peaked in
FY1994 with a $1.1 billion appropriation, funding requirements have declined in
recent years. The FY2000 enacted appropriation for CIO was $885 million, $500
million for international peacekeeping, and $351 million for U.S. arrearage payments
to the U.N. if certain reform criteria were met. Only $100 million of the appropriated
arrearage payments had been released because the reforms had not been
implemented. After the United States lost its seat on the U.N. Human Rights
Commission in 2001, the Foreign Relations Authorization bill added a provision
(Sec. 601, H.R. 1646) that would have restricted payment of $244 million of U.S.
arrearage payments to the U.N. until the United States regained its seat. After the
September 11th attacks, however, Congress passed S. 248 (P.L. 107-46) which
authorized arrearage payments to the U.N. (For more detail, see CRS Issue Brief
IB86116, U.N. System Funding: Congressional Issues, by Vita Bite). The FY2002
funding level included $850 million for CIO and $844.1 million for CIPA, while
FY2003 enacted levels amounted to $866 million for CIO and $673.7 million for
CIPA.
International broadcasting, which had been a primary function of the USIA
prior to 1999, is now carried out by an independent agency referred to as the
Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG). The BBG includes the Voice of America
(VOA), Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), Cuba Broadcasting, Radio Free
Asia (RFA), Radio Free Iraq, Radio Free Iran and the newly-authorized Radio Free
Afghanistan. The BBG’s FY2003 appropriation was $553.8 million. In FY2002 the
BBG began a pilot project to create a new Middle East Radio Network (MERN) by
reallocating base funds. The emergency supplementals passed in 2001 and 2002
included funding for expanded broadcasting by VOA and RFE/RL to Muslim
audiences in and around Afghanistan and the creation of Radio Free Afghanistan.
FY2004 Funding Issues
Administration of Foreign Affairs. The administration of foreign affairs
makes up the bulk of the State Department budget — 80% in the FY2004 request.
The Administration’s State Department request seeks $6,387.9 million, 6.7% above
the FY2003 level. This money would cover Diplomatic & Consular Programs
(D&CP), Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance (ESCM), Worldwide
Security Upgrades in both D&CP and ESCM, Educational and Cultural Exchanges,
and the Capital Investment Fund (CIF). The House Appropriations Committee
recommends $6,186.4 million, about $200 million below the President’s request. The
House passed this amount in H.R. 2799 on July 23, 2003. The Senate Appropriations
Committee introduced and reported it bill (S. 1585) out of committee on September
4, 2003 recommending $5,958.1 million for administration of foreign affairs.
Diplomatic & Consular Programs (D&CP). D&CP primarily covers salaries
and expenses, hiring, diplomatic expenditures, cost of living and foreign inflation,

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CRS-40
as well as exchange rate changes.
The FY2004 request of $4,163.5 million
represents an increase of 6.8% over the $3,895.8 million funding level in FY2003.
This funding level would allow the Department to continue its three-year diplomatic
readiness hiring plan begun in FY2001. Within this account is a request for $646.7
million for worldwide security upgrades, as compared to $549.4 million in the
FY2003 appropriation. The House Appropriations Committee recommends $4,099.9
million for D&CP’s FY2004 funding level, including $646.7million for worldwide
security upgrades. The House passed the bill with this level of funding. The Senate
Committee recommends $3,874.8 million for D&CP, including $594.4 million for
worldwide security upgrades.
Embassy, Security, Construction, and Maintenance (ESCM). ESCM
provides funding for embassy construction, repairs, leasing of property for embassies
and housing facilities at overseas posts.
The FY2004 request of $653 million is
virtually the same as the combined regular and supplemental funding for FY2003.
The House Appropriations Committee recommends $532.9 million, about $120
million below the President’s request for FY2004. The House passed this funding
level. The Senate committee recommends $483.5 million–$169.5 million below the
current year estimate and Administration request for FY2004.
Worldwide Security Upgrades.
Ever since the bombings of two U.S.
embassies in eastern Africa in August 1998, Congress has appropriated additional
money within both D&CP and ESCM for increasing security. The funds in D&CP
for worldwide security upgrades are primarily for ongoing expenses due to the
upgrades that took place after 1998, such as maintaining computer security,
maintaining bullet-proof vehicles, ongoing salaries for perimeter guards, etc.
Worldwide security upgrades in ESCM are more on the order of bricks and mortar-
type expenses. The FY2004 request for upgrades within D&CP total $646.7 million,
approximately the same as the regular and supplemental funding provided in
FY2003.
The FY2004 request for worldwide security funding within ESCM
amounts to $861.4 million, about a 4% decline from the FY2003 regular and
supplemental appropriation. The House level is identical to the President’s request.
The Senate committee recommends $594.4 million within the D&CP account and
$933.1 million within the ESCM account–$71.7 million higher than both the
Administration request and the House-passed level.
Educational and Cultural Exchanges. This line item includes programs such
as the Fulbright, Muskie, and Humphrey academic exchanges, as well as the
international visitor exchanges and some Freedom Support Act programs. The
Secretary of State has testified that he believes exchange programs are a crucial
element in promoting American ideals and democracy abroad. The Administration’s
FY2004 request of $345.3 million includes transferring $100 million for Freedom
Support Act and Support for Eastern European Democracy (SEED) programs from
the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) budget (within the Foreign
Operations appropriation) to the State Department budget. With that in mind, the
$245.3 million remaining in the FY2004 funding request for exchanges represents
a straight line request from the previous-year’s requested level. The FY2003 enacted
level totals $243.7 million due to the across-the-board rescission. The House
Committee recommendation, which was passed by the House, is identical to the
President’s FY2004 request. The Senate Appropriations Committee recommendation

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CRS-41
of $255.3 million for this account does not include transferring $10 million from
USAID.
Capital Investment Fund (CIF). CIF was established by the Foreign Relations
Authorization Act of FY1994/95 (P.L. 103-236) to provide for purchasing
information technology and capital equipment which would ensure the efficient
management, coordination, operation, and utilization of State’s resources.
As
recently as FY1997 the CIF budget was $24.6 million. The FY2004 request is for
$157 million, a 13.7% decline from the FY2003 level of $182.1 million. The
Administration states that the requested level will be sufficient when combined with
estimated Expedited Passport Fees of $114 million to be used for information and
communications technology in FY2004. The House Appropriations Committee
recommends $142 million–slightly less than the President’s request. The House
passed the bill with this funding level. The Senate committee recommends $207
million for CIF. Both House and Senate reports note that $114 million will be
available to CIF from expedited passport fee collections.
International Organizations and Conferences.
The International
Organizations and Conferences account consists of two line items:
U.S.
Contributions to International Organizations (CIO) and U.S. Contributions for
International Peacekeeping Activities (CIPA). The FY2004 request seeks $1.6
billion for the overall account, up 2% over the FY2003 level of $1.5 billion. The
House Appropriations Committee recommendation is identical to the President’s
request. The House passed the committee-recommended level. The Senate committee
recommends $1.4 billion overall.
Contributions to International Organizations (CIO). The CIO supports U.S.
membership in numerous international and multilateral organizations that transcends
bilateral relationships and covers issues such as human rights, environment, trade,
and security. The FY2004 request level for this line item is $1.0 billion, 17.4%
above the $860.4 level of FY2003. According to the Administration, $71 million of
the increase is related to the U.S. rejoining UNESCO after withdrawing from it in
1984, and $61.4 million represents an increase in regular contributions to the U.N.
The House bill would provide $1.0 billion for CIO, including $71 million for
rejoining UNESCO. The Senate Appropriations Committee recommends $928.9
million for CIO with no funding for either the U.N. Human Rights Commission or
for membership in UNESCO.
Contributions to International Peacekeeping (CIPA). The United States
supports multilateral peacekeeping efforts around the world through payment of its
share of the U.N. assessed peacekeeping budget. The FY2003 enacted level for
CIPA is $669.3 million.
The President’s FY2004 request of $550.2 million
represents a 17.8% decline. The Administration explains that the request reflects a
lower U.N.
peacekeeping assessment rate, as well as plans for downsizing
peacekeeping missions in Sierra Leone and East Timor. The House bill would meet
the Administration’s request of $550.2 million. The Senate committee recommends
$482.6 million.
International Commissions.
The International Commissions account
includes the U.S.-Mexico Boundary and Water Commission, the International

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CRS-42
Fisheries Commissions, the International Boundary Commission, the International
Joint Commission, and the Border Environment Cooperation Commission. The
FY2004 funding request of $71.7 million represents an increase of 25.5% over the
$57.1 million enacted in FY2003. The increase reflects wage and price increases, as
well as increased operation and maintenance needs in all commissions. The House
Appropriations Committee recommends $57.1 million–20% below the President’s
request. The House passed the bill with committee-recommended level. The Senate
Appropriations Committee recommends $47.5 million.
Related Appropriations. Related appropriations include those for The Asia
Foundation, the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), and East-West and
North-South Centers. The Administration FY2004 request for related appropriations
totals $60.4 million. The House bill (H.R. 2799) would provide $53.3 million. The
Senate Appropriations Committee recommends $62.9 million.
The Asia Foundation.
The Asia Foundation is a private, nonprofit
organization that supports efforts to strengthen democratic processes and institutions
in Asia, open markets, and improve U.S.-Asian cooperation.
It receives both
government and private sector contributions. Government funds for the Foundation
are appropriated, and pass through, the Department of State. The FY2004 request of
$9.3 million is the same as the FY2002 funding level, but an 11% reduction over the
FY2003 level of $10.4 million that Congress enacted. The Asia Foundation expects
to increase its private sector contributions in FY2004, according to the Bush
Administration. The House Appropriations Committee recommended, and the full
House passed, $10.4 million–slightly more than the President’s request. The Senate
committee recommends no funding for the Asia Foundation for FY2004.
National Endowment for Democracy (NED). The National Endowment for
Democracy is a private, nonprofit organization established during the Reagan
Administration that supports programs to strengthen democratic institutions in more
than 90 countries around the world. NED proponents assert that many of its
accomplishments are possible because it is not a U.S. government agency. NED’s
critics claim that it duplicates government democracy promotion programs and could
be eliminated, or could be operated entirely through private sector funding. The
FY2004 request is $36 million, up from the FY2002 level of $33.5 million, but a
14% reduction over the $41.7 million allocated for FY2003.
The House
Appropriations Committee recommended $42 million–$6 million more than the
President’s request for FY2004. The House passed the bill with this level of funding.
The Senate committee recommends $36 million.
International Broadcasting. International Broadcasting, which had been
a primary function of the U.S. Information Agency (USIA) prior to 1999, is now
carried out by an independent agency referred to as the Broadcasting Board of
Governors (BBG). The BBG includes the Voice of America (VOA), Radio Free
Europe/Radion Liberty (RFE/RL), Cuba Broadcasting, and Radio Free Asia (RFA).
The BBG’s FY2004 funding request amounts to a total of $563.5 million, 5.6%
above the FY2003 level of $553.8 million. The funding request includes $525.2
million for broadcasting operations, 11.4 million for capital improvements, and 26.9
million for Broadcasting to Cuba.
In addition to the ongoing international
broadcasting activities, the Administration is proposing the creation of a new U.S.

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Middle East Television Network.
The House Appropriations Committee
recommended the same overall funding level for international broadcasting. The
House passed these funding levels. The Senate Appropriations Committee reported
out its bill (S. 1585, S.Rept. 108-144) with $557.6 million for broadcasting–$518.1
million for broadcasting operations, $28.1 million for Broadcasting to Cuba, and
$11.9 million for capital improvements.
Table 8. FY2004 Funding for the Department of State and
International Broadcasting
($$millions in budget authority)
FY2004
FY2004
FY2004
FY2002
FY2003
FY2004
Bureau or Agency
Admin.
House
Senate
Enacted
Enacted
Enacted
Request
Passed
Report
Administration of Foreign Affairs
$5,549.2
$5,987.1
$6,387.9
$6,186.4
$5,958.1
International Organizations and
$1,694.1
$1,529.7
$1,560.7
$1,560.7
$1,404.5
Conferences
International Commissions
$60.5
$57.1
$71.7
$57.1
$47.5
Related Appropriations
$57.7
$70.9
$60.4
$53.2
$62.9
Subtotal: State Department a
$7,361.5
$7,644.8
$8,080.7
$7,857.4
$7,473.0
International Broadcasting
$479.0
$533.8
$563.2
$563.5
$557.6
Title IV Total
$7,840.5
$8,178.6
$8,643.9
$8,420.9
$8,030.6
Source: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Appropriations.
a. In addition to appropriations, State has authority to spend certain collected fees from machine readable visas,
expedited export fees, etc. The amount for such fees for FY2002 is $516.9 million; for FY2003 the
estimate is $739.6 million.
Related Legislation
H.R. 1950 (Hyde)/S. 925 (Lugar)
Foreign Relations Authorization, FY2004 and FY2005.
To authorize
appropriations for the Department of State for the fiscal years 2004 and 2005, to
authorize appropriations under the Arms Export Control Act and the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961 for security assistance for fiscal years 2004 and 2005, and for
other purposes. H.R. 1950 introduced May 5, 2003, and reported (H.Rept. 108-105
part I) by the House International Relations Committee on May 16, 2003. H.Rept
108-105, Part II filed June 12. House floor action occurred July 15, and 16. House
passed by recorded vote (382-42) on July 16, 2003. S. 925 introduced April 24,
2003, and reported (S.Rept. 108-39) to the Senate on the same day. Senate floor
action occurred July 9th and 10th.
S. 1161 (Lugar)
Foreign Assistance Authorization, FY2004. To authorize appropriations for
foreign assistance for FY2004. Introduced May 29, 2003, and reported (S.Rept. 108-
56) to the Senate the same day.

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CRS-44
Related CRS Products
CRS Report RL31046, Foreign Relations Authorization, FY2003: An Overview, by
Susan B. Epstein.
CRS Report RL31370, State Department and Related Agencies FY2003
Appropriations and FY2004 Request, by Susan B. Epstein.
CRS Issue Brief IB86116, U.N. System Funding: Congressional Issues, by Vita Bite.
Independent Agencies
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).
FY2004 Appropriations. The Senate Committee on Appropriations approved
a budget of $334.7 million for the EEOC, which is amount requested by the
Administration. The House concurred with the House Appropriations Committee’s
approval of $328.4 million for the EEOC. This is almost $21.6 million more than the
$306.8 million Congress approved for the agency in the FY2003 CJS appropriations
bill (P.L. 108-7) including the across-the-board rescission. Because of a funding
shortfall during FY2003, the Commission received an additional appropriation of $15
million as part of H.R. 1559, the Emergency Wartime Supplemental Appropriations
Act for FY2003 (P.L. 108-11). Accordingly, the House-passed funding level for
FY2004 is $6.6 million above the total appropriated for FY2003; the Senate
Appropriations Committee, $12.9 million higher.
The House Appropriations Committee noted support for the EEOC’s pending
restructuring. It
mentioned its understanding that investigation and litigation
services would continue to be provided in currently existing locations and requested
that the agency inform the Committee before taking any restructuring actions. In the
same vein, the Senate Appropriations Committee encouraged the agency to brief the
Committee at the earliest opportunity about the details of the restructuring plan. The
Committee expressed concern about what the restructuring might mean for the
quality of services to the states and urged the EEOC to focus on a plan that reduces
headquarters staff through early retirements for example.
With regard to the agency’s financial situation, the House Appropriations
Committee instructed the Commission to continue to submit quarterly reports on
projected and actual spending and staffing levels.
The Senate Appropriations
Committee noted that it gave the agency its full budget request for FY2004 in order
that the EEOC be able to correct the situation that produced the financial shortfall.
The House Appropriations Committee further directed the Commission to pay
$33.0 million to state and local Fair Employment Practices Agencies (FEPA), with
which the agency has work-sharing agreements. Also as in last year’s bill report, the
EEOC is encouraged to rely on the FEPA experience with mediation as the
Commission goes forward with its alternative dispute resolution (ADR) programs.
The Senate Appropriations Committee did not address these points in its report.

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CRS-45
For FY2004, President Bush has requested $334.7 million in appropriations for
the EEOC, or about $6.3 million more than the level the House approved. Of the
total proposed by the Administration, $30.0 million would be provided to FEPA.
Also included in the total is $5 million that would be used to begin implementing a
5-year restructuring initiative based upon studies undertaken by the National
Academy of Public Administration and by the agency’s Inspector General.
Agency Overview.
The EEOC enforces laws banning employment
discrimination based on race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability. The
Commission’s workload has increased dramatically since it was created under Title
VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act
of 1990 and the Civil Rights Act of 1991, as well as employees’ growing awareness
of their rights, have made it difficult for the agency’s budget and staffing resources
to keep pace with its heightened caseload.
FY2003 Funding. The President’s budget request of $323.5 million for the
EEOC for FY2003 included $14.7 million to fund the agency’s full share of federal
employee retirement costs as part of the Administration’s government-wide proposal.
Without this expense, the FY2003 budget request was $308.8 million.
The 108th Congress approved the smaller figure in P.L. 108-7. After taking into
account the across-the-board rescission, the FY2003 appropriation was $306.8
million. This is $3.4 million less than the FY2002 appropriation of $310.2 million
(including that year’s rescission) and $16.7 million less than the Administration’s
FY2003 budget request.
As a reflection of the importance Congress places on the work of FEPA, $33.0
million of the Commission’s appropriation was directed toward their funding rather
than the $30.0 million that the Administration had proposed. The higher allocation
allowed for a contract rate of $500 per charge. The conferees encouraged the EEOC
to use the FEPA mediation experience as the Commission expands its ADR
programs in an effort to reduce the average processing time for charges. (In FY2002,
a record number of private sector charge resolutions occurred through the agency’s
ADR program: 7,858 out of 95,222. The average time to mediate a charge was 82
days compared to an average closure time of 171 days for all other charges.)
The conferees to the CJS appropriations bill expressed concern about the lack
of sound managerial and fiscal practices that led to the possibility of a budget
shortfall for the year and instructed the Commission to prevent this eventuality
through savings in salary expenses and other operational costs. They further required
the EEOC to submit to the Appropriations Committees, within 60 days of the bill’s
enactment in February 2003, a financial plan including steps the Commission would
take to stay within its FY2003 appropriation level. Two months later, however,
Congress approved an additional $15 million for the EEOC to avoid furloughs during
the fiscal year as part of P.L. 108-11. The funds could be used to pursue employee
buyouts.
Again expressing concern about the agency’s managerial and fiscal
practices that allowed this situation to develop, the conferees to the supplemental
appropriations bill required the EEOC to submit quarterly reports to the
Appropriations Committees (H.Rept. 108-76). The reports are to include projected
and actual spending and staffing levels.

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CRS-46
Federal
Communications
Commission
(FCC).
The
Federal
Communications Commission, created in 1934, is an independent agency charged
with regulation and interstate and foreign communication of radio, television, wire,
cable, and satellite. Among its responsibilities are licensing of communications
operators; interpretation and enforcement of rules, regulations, and authorizations
regarding competition; publication and dissemination of consumer information
services; and management and allocation of the use of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The Bush Administration requested an overall budget of $280,798,000 for FY
2004, an increase over the FY2003 budget of $270,000,000. Among the increases
for FY2004, the Bush Administration plans to further develop the role of the FCC in
broadband deployment, auction and management of spectrum to the private sector,
and conversion of public broadcasting to digital transmission.
The House passed funding of $278,958,000 for the FCC in FY2004. The bill
included an amendment restoring the 35% broadcast ownership cap, which was
increased to 45% by the FCC in June 2003. The amendment is included in Sec. 624
of the bill.
The Senate passed funding of $277,798,000 for the FCC in FY2004. This bill
also included an amendment restoring the 35% broadcast ownership cap. The
amendment is included in Sec. 624 of the bill.
Federal Trade Commission (FTC). For FY2004, the Administration has
requested a program level of $191 million for the FTC, an increase of $14 million
over the FY2003 level. The requested program level for FY2004 would be fully
funded by a $14 million direct appropriation and offsetting collections from two
sources: $159 million from fees for Hart-Scott-Rodino premerger notification filings;
and $18 million from fees sufficient to implement and enforce new do-not-call
provisions of the Telemarketing Sales Rule. The House approved a program level
of $183 million for the FTC. The Senate Appropriations Committee recommended
a program level of $189 million.
The FTC, an independent agency, is responsible for enforcing a number of
federal antitrust and consumer protection laws. In recent years the FTC has used pre-
merger filing fees collected under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act to mostly or entirely
fund its operations. For FY2000 through FY2002, zero ($0) direct appropriations
were required. For FY2003, the President’s budget requested $171.6 million for the
agency, an increase of approximately $15.6 million more than the FTC received for
FY2002. The conference agreement provided the FTC with an FY2003 program
level of $176.6 million; with offsetting fee collections, the agency received a final
direct appropriation of $8.5 million.
Legal Services Corporation (LSC). The LSC is a private, non-profit,
federally-funded corporation that provides grants to local offices that, in turn, provide
legal assistance to low-income people in civil (non-criminal) cases. The LSC has
been controversial since its incorporation in the early 1970s, and has been operating
without authorizing legislation since 1980. There have been ongoing debates over
the adequacy of funding for the agency, and the extent to which certain types of
activities are appropriate for federally funded legal aid attorneys to undertake. In

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CRS-47
annual appropriations laws, Congress traditionally has included legislative provisions
restricting the activities of LSC-funded grantees, such as prohibiting representation
in certain types of cases or conducting any lobbying activities.
P.L. 108-7, the consolidated appropriations for FY2003, among other things
increased the LSC funding by $9.5 million to $338.8 million to offset decennial
Census funding reallocations. The additional $9.5 million is to provide supplemental
funding for states that were scheduled to receive less funding for FY2003 than the
state received in FY2002 because of the use of data from the 2000 Census which
showed a shift in state poverty populations. The FY2003 appropriation for the LSC
included $310 million for basic field programs and required independent audits of
those programs, $13.3 million for management and administration, $3.4 million for
client self-help and information technology, and $2.6 million for the inspector
general. The FY2003 appropriation also included prior provisions restricting the
activities of LSC grantees. The $338.8 million LSC appropriation for FY2003 is
subject to the mandated 0.65% across-the-board rescission, which reduced the LSC
appropriation to $336.6 million for FY2003. Current funding still remains below the
Corporation’s highest level of $400 million in FY1994 and FY1995.
For FY2004, the Bush Administration requested $329.3 million for the LSC.
This is $7.3 million less than the $336.6 million (after the rescission) that was
appropriated for the LSC for FY2003. The FY2004 budget request for the LSC
includes $310 million for basic field programs and required independent audits,
$14.5 million for management and administration, $2.2 million for client self-help
and information technology, and $2.6 million for the inspector general. The budget
request for the LSC also includes existing provisions restricting the activities of LSC
grantees.
On July 16, 2003, the House Appropriations Committee recommended a total
of $338.8 million for the LSC for FY2004. This is $2.2 million above the FY2003
appropriation for LSC (the same amount as the original FY2003 appropriation before
the 0.65% rescission); and $9.5 million above the Bush Administration’s FY2004
budget request for the LSC. The FY2004 House Committee recommendation for the
LSC includes $319.5 million for basic field programs and required independent
audits, $13.3 million for management and administration, $3.4 million for client self-
help and information technology, and $2.6 million for the inspector general. The
Committee recommendation also includes existing provisions restricting the
activities of LSC grantees. The full House approved the CJS bill, H.R. 2799, on July
23, 2003 with no changes to the Committee recommendation for the LSC.
On September 5, 2003, the Senate Appropriations Committee also
recommended $338.8 million for the LSC for FY2004 (S.Rept. 108-144). The
Senate Committee recommendation for the LSC includes $312.3 million for basic
field programs and required independent audits, $13.9 million for management and
administration, $3.4 million for client self-help and information technology, $2.6
million for the inspector general, and $6.7 million for grants to offset losses due to
census adjustments. It also includes existing provisions restricting the activities of
LSC grantees.

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CRS-48
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC administers and
enforces federal securities laws to protect investors and maintain fair and orderly
stock and bond markets.
The SEC collects fees on various securities market
transactions. During the stock market boom of the 1990s, these collections exceeded
the agency’s budget by a wide margin. Legislation passed by the 107th Congress
(P.L. 107-123) reduced these fees, with the intention of limiting collections to
approximately the amount of the SEC’s budget.
For FY2003, the Administration requested $466.9 million for the SEC, an
increase of 6.6% over FY2002. In the wake of Enron and other corporate accounting
scandals, there was broad support in Congress for a much larger increase in the
SEC’s budget. The Sarbanes-Oxley accounting reform legislation (P.L. 107-204)
authorized FY2003 appropriations of $775.0 million. The 107th Congress Senate
Appropriations Committee approved $750.5 million, 60% more than the
Administration requested. The conference approved $716.35 million.
For FY2004, the Administration requested $841.5 million for the SEC. The
House approved the Administration’s request: $738.5 million of the total will come
from fees collected by the SEC, and $103 million from prior year unobligated
balances from funds previously appropriated. The Senate likewise approved $841.5
million, identical to the House and to the Administration’s budget request.
Small Business Administration (SBA). For FY2004, the Administration
has requested a total appropriation of $801 million for the SBA, an increase of $69
million or 9.4% over the agency’s FY2003 funding. The FY2004 request includes
$360 million for Salaries and Expenses (S&E), an increase of approximately $48
million or 13% more than SBA received for FY2003. The House approved $745.6
million for the SBA, which would be roughly a 1.9% increase over the FY2003
amount. The House-approved version would fund the S&E account at $326.6
million, about $33.6 million below the Administration request.
The Senate
Appropriations Committee recommends $751.7 million for the agency, including
$332.4 million for S&E.
For FY2003, the President requested a total appropriation of $783 million for
SBA, including $352 million for S&E. The conference agreement provides SBA
with a total appropriation of $736.5 million, including $314 million for S&E.
The SBA is an independent federal agency created by the Small Business Act
of 1953. Although the agency administers a number of programs intended to assist
small firms, arguably its three most important functions are to guarantee —
principally through the agency’s Section 7(a) general business loan program —
business loans made by banks and other financial institutions; to make long-term,
low-interest loans to small businesses that are victims of hurricanes, earthquakes,
other physical disasters, and acts of terrorism; and to serve as an advocate for small
business within the federal government.
State Justice Institute (SJI).
The institute is a private, nonprofit
corporation that makes grants to state courts and conducts activities to further the
development of judicial administration in state courts throughout the United States.
Under the terms of its enabling legislation, the SJI is authorized to present its request

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CRS-49
directly to Congress, apart from the President’s budget. For FY2004, the SJI has
requested $8 million, compared with $3 million appropriated to it for FY2003. For
its part, the President’s FY2004 budget proposed nothing for SJI. The House
Appropriations Committee recommends $3 million for the SJI, which would equal
its FY2003 funding level. The House bill, which was passed on July 23, 2003,
matched the Committee’s recommendation. The Senate Appropriations Committee
has recommended a $5 million appropriation. However, in its report, the Senate
committee (at S.Rept. 108-144, p. 178) earmarked all of the $5 million for specified
state projects, reserving no funds for salaries of SJI staff or for discretionary grants
by the Institute.
In the FY2002 annual appropriations cycle, Congress had scaled back the
institute’s funding significantly, approving $3.0 million, instead of $6.835 million
and $6.2 million approved earlier by the House and Senate respectively. The action
to reduce SJI funding occurred at the conference committee stage. In their report, the
FY2002 conferees stated that the $3.0 million appropriated for the SJI was “available
for fiscal year 2002 only” and that the conferees did not recommend continued
federal support for the institute beyond FY2002. “The termination of funding for this
program,” the report explained, “does not necessarily mean the dissolution of the
Institute.” The conferees encouraged the institute to solicit private donations and
resources from state and local agencies.
Conferees for the FY2003 omnibus funding bill, however, noted (in H.Rept.
108-10) that “SJI has not been successful in its efforts to obtain non-Federal funds”
and had therefore included $3 million “to keep SJI operating.” At the same time, the
conferees encouraged SJI to continue to solicit donations from state, local, and
national bar associations.
In its recommendations for FY2004, the House
Appropriations Committee (at H.Rept. 108-221, p. 156), noted that it understood that
the Institute has continued to contact bar associations and State court organizations.
While “these organizations support SJI, and enjoy grant funding and services from
SJI,” the committee said, “they are not inclined to contribute to operations of the SJI
beyond matching grant funding for individual projects.”
The House committee
encouraged the SJI to apply for funding from Office of Justice Programs (OJP) in the
Department of Justice, noting that a variety of grant programs to assist State courts
exist within OJP.
Earlier, in November 2002, the Attorney General, as mandated by P.L. 107-179,
transmitted to the House and Senate Judiciary Committees a report on the
effectiveness of the institute in carrying out its statutory duties. The report concluded
by stating, among other things, that SJI appeared “to have been effective in awarding
grants to improve the quality of justice in the state courts, facilitating better
coordination and information sharing between state and federal courts, and fostering
solutions to common problems faced by all courts.”
Commission on Civil Rights. For FY2004, the Administration requests
roughly $9.1 million. This amount is roughly $59,000 more than the FY2003
appropriation of 9.04 million.
The House Appropriations Committee also
recommended $9.1 million, which was approved by the full House on July 23, 2003.
The Senate Appropriations Committee would also match the Administration request.

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CRS-50
U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
The
Administration requests $3 million for the commission in FY2004. This amount is
$135,000 more than the FY2003 amount of $2.865 million. The House CJS bill,
H.R. 2799, would also approve $3 million. The Senate Appropriations Committee
recommends $2 million, which would be $875,000 less than its FY2003 amount.
Table 9. FY2004 Funding for CJS Related Agencies
FY2004
FY2004
FY2002
FY2003
FY2004
FY2004
Bureau or Agency
Admin.
Senate
Enacted Enacted
House
Enacted
Request
Rept’d
Commission on Civil Rights
$9.1
$9.0
$9.1
$9.1
$9.1
U.S. Commission on International
$3.0
$2.9
$3.0
$3.0
$2.0
Religious Freedom
Equal Employment Opportunity
$311.7
$321.8
$334.8
$328.4
$334.8
Commission (EEOC)
Federal Communications Commission
(FCC) a
$26.3
$2.0
$28.9
$10.0
$25.8
Federal Trade Commission b
$0.0
$8.5
$61.1
$50.9
$59.0
Legal Services Corporation
$329.3
$336.6
$329.3
$338.8
$338.8
National Commission on Terrorist
—
$11.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
Attacks Upon the United States
Securities and Exchange Commissionc
$489.5
$716.4
$841.5
$738.5
$841.5
Small Business Administration
$888.5
$731.7
$800.9
$745.6
$751.7
State Justice Institute d
$3.0
$3.0
$8.0
$3.0
$5.0
Other e
$15.5
$10.4
$7.8
$9.3
$10.7
Total Title V
$2,075.9 $2,153.3
$2,424.3
$2,236.6 $2,378.5
Source: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Appropriations.
a. The FCC is partially funded by offsetting fee collections.
b. The FTC is fully funded by the collection of pre-merger filing fees.
c. The SEC is fully funded by transaction fees and securities registration fees.
d. Under the terms of its enabling legislation, the State Justice Institute (SJI) is authorized to present
its budget request directly to Congress. The President’s FY2004 budget has proposed nothing
for SJI.
e. “Other” includes agencies receiving appropriations of $2.0 million or less in FY2002. These
agencies include Commission for the Preservation of American Heritage Abroad; Commission
on Security and Cooperation in Europe; Commission on Electronic Commerce; the Marine
Mammal Commission, the Commission on Ocean Policy, the Congressional/Executive
Commission on China, the National Veterans Business Development Corp, and the Pacific
Charter Commission, and the U.S. Canada Alaska Rail Commission.

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CRS-51
Appendix: Appropriations for the CJS Bill
($$millions in budget authority)
FY2004
FY2004
FY2004
FY2002
FY2003
FY2004
Bureau or Agency
Admin.
House
Senate
Enacted
Enacted
Enacted
Request
Passed
Reported
Title I: Department of Justice
General Administration
$432.9
$1,265.6
$1,377.5
$1,321.5
$1,347.3
Legal Activities
$3,513.5
$3,028.2
$3,199.9
$3,034.3
$3,058.7
Interagency Law Enforcement
$338.6
$369.7
$541.8
$556.5
$966.8
Federal Bureau of Investigation
$4,279.9
$4,583.2
$4,639.6
$4,639.6
$3,930.8
Drug Enforcement Administration
$1,481.8
$1,550.8
$1,558.7
$1,601.3
$1,512.3
Immigration and Naturalization Servicea
$4,084.3
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms
N/A
$801.2
$852.0
$831.2
$829.6
Federal Prison System
$4,620.6
$4,444.8
$4,492.7
$4,667.5
$4,222.0
Office of Justice Programs
$4,943.8
$3,593.7
$2,331.2
$3,491.2
$2,630.6
Other
$11.9
$10.4
$11.1
$10.6
$83.4
Title I Total:
$23,707.2
$19,647.6
$19,004.6
$20,153.8
$18,581.5
Title II: Department of Commerce and Related Agencies
International Trade Administration
$345.5
$359.8
$395.1
$382.1
$372.1
Bureau of Industry and Security
$70.6
$66.3
$78.2
$68.2
$73.1
Economic Development Administration
$365.6
$318.7
$364.4
$318.7
$387.7
Minority Business Development Agency
$28.4
$28.7
$29.5
$29.0
$28.7
Economic and Statistical Analysis
$62.5
$71.7
$84.8
$75.0
$84.8
Bureau of the Census
$479.5
$550.9
$662.0
$662.0
$550.9
National Telecommunications and
$81.3
$73.3
$21.4
$32.5
$85.5
Information Administration
Patent and Trademark Officeb
($1,127.5)
($1,182.0)
($1,395.1)
($1,238.7)
($1,217.5)
Technology Administration
$8.2
$9.8
$8.0
$7.8
$0.0
National Institute of Standards and
$684.8
$707.5
$496.8
$460.1
$845.0
Technology
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
$3,249.7
$3,235.7
$3,318.8
$3,054.5
$3,779.4
Administration
Departmental Management
$63.0
$65.2
$80.6
$66.7
$65.8
Department of Commerce Subtotal:
$5,739.0
$5,704.0
$5,718.6
$5,156.6
$6,273.9
U.S. Trade Representative
$30.1
$37.1
$37.0
$42.0
$37.0
International Trade Commission
$51.4
$53.7
$58.3
$57.0
$58.3
Related Agencies Subtotal:
$81.5
$91.7
$95.3
$99.0
$95.3
Title II Total:
$5,804.5
$5,795.8
$5,813.8
$5,255.6
$6,369.2
Title III: Judiciary
Supreme Court — salaries and expenses
$40.0
$47.0
$57.5
$55.4
$59.4
Supreme Court — building and grounds
$77.5
$41.4
$4.7
$10.6
$4.7
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
$19.3
$21.2
$22.4
$20.7
$20.7
Circuit
U.S. Court of International Trade
$13.1
$13.7
$14.2
$14.7
$13.2
Courts of Appeals, District Courts, other
$3,607.8
$3,777.0
$4,188.4
$4,004.2
$3,894.0
judicial services — salaries and expenses

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CRS-52
FY2004
FY2004
FY2004
FY2002
FY2003
FY2004
Bureau or Agency
Admin.
House
Senate
Enacted
Enacted
Enacted
Request
Passed
Reported
Vaccine Injury Act Trust Fund
$2.7
$2.8
$3.3
$3.3
$3.3
Defender Services
$500.7
$535.0
$635.5
$613.9
$595.0
Fees of Jurors and Commissioners
$48.1
$54.3
$53.2
$53.2
$53.2
Court Security
$297.9
$266.7
$311.2
$288.9
$266.1
Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts
$64.5
$63.1
$71.9
$67.0
$63.7
Federal Judicial Center
$20.1
$20.7
$21.7
$21.4
$22.4
Retirement Funds
$37.0
$35.3
$29.0
$29.0
$29.0
U.S. Sentencing Commission
$11.6
$12.0
$13.2
$12.7
$12.0
General Provisions — Judges’ Pay Raise
— c
—
$4.0
—
$40.0
Title III Total:
$4,740.4
$4,890.0
$5,430.0
$5,194.4
$5,076.7
Title IV: Department of State
Administration of Foreign Affairs
$5,549.2
$5,987.1
$6,387.9
$6,186.4
$5,958.1
International Organizations and
$1,694.1
$1,529.7
$1,560.7
$1,560.7
$1,404.5
Conferences
International Commissions
$60.5
$57.1
$71.7
$57.1
$47.5
Related Appropriations
$57.7
$70.9
$60.4
$53.2
$63.2
Subtotal: State Departmentd
$7,361.5
$7,644.8
$8,080.7
$7,857.4
$7,473.0
International Broadcasting
$479.0
$533.8
$563.2
$563.5
$557.6
Title IV Total
$7,840.5
$8,178.6
$8,643.9
$8,420.9
$8,030.6
Title V: Independent Agencies
Commission on Civil Rights
$9.1
$9.0
$9.1
$9.1
$9.1
U.S. Commission on International
$3.0
$2.9
$3.0
$3.0
$2.0
Religious Freedom
Equal Employment Opportunity
$311.7
$321.8
$334.8
$328.4
$334.8
Commission (EEOC)
Federal Communications Commission
$26.3
$2.0
$28.9
$10.0
$25.8
(FCC)
Federal Trade Commissione
$0.0
$8.5
$61.1
$50.9
$59.0
Legal Services Corporation
$329.3
$336.6
$329.3
$338.8
$338.8
National Commission on Terrorist
—
$11.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
Attacks Upon the United States
Securities and Exchange Commissionf
$489.5
$716.4
$841.5
$738.5
$841.5
Small Business Administration
$888.5
$731.7
$800.9
$745.6
$751.7
State Justice Instituteg
$3.0
$3.0
$8.0
$3.0
$5.0
Otherh
$15.5
$10.4
$7.8
$9.3
$10.7
Total Title V
$2,075.9
$2,153.3
$2,424.3
$2,236.6
$2,378.5
Title VII: Rescissionsi
Total Title VII Rescissions
($110.1)
($167.3)
($97.0)
($30.5)
($63.5)
Grand Total (in Bill)j
$44,058.4
$40,497.8
$41,220.0
$41,230.8
$40,372.9
Source: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Appropriations.
Notes:
a
The Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-396) transferred functions of the Justice Department’s Immigration and
Naturalization Service (INS) to the Department of Homeland Security.

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CRS-53
b
The Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) is fully funded by user fees. The fees collected, but not obligated during the
current year, are available for obligation in the following fiscal year, and do not count toward the appropriation totals. Only
newly appropriated funds count toward the annual appropriation totals.
c An FY2002 appropriation of $8.6 million for a cost-of-living increase in judicial salaries was apportioned among various
Judiciary accounts.
d In addition to appropriations, State has authority to spend certain collected fees from machine readable visas, expedited
export fees, etc. The amount for such fees for FY2002 was $516.9 million; for FY2003 the estimate is $739.6 million.
e The FTC is fully funded by the collection of pre-merger filing fees.
f The SEC is fully funded by transaction fees and securities registration fees.
g Under the terms of its enabling legislation, the State Justice Institute (SJI) is authorized to present its budget request directly
to Congress. The President’s FY2004 budget has proposed nothing for SJI.
h “Other” includes agencies receiving appropriations of $2.0 million or less in FY2002. These agencies include Commission
for the Preservation of American Heritage Abroad; Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe; Commission on
Electronic Commerce; the Marine Mammal Commission; the Commission on Ocean Policy; the Congressional/Executive
Commission on China; the National Veterans Business Development Corp; Pacific Charter Commission; and the U.S. Canada
Alaska Rail Commission.
i This table only lists line-item rescissions requested in the Administration’s FY2004 request.
j Grand Total amounts have been adjusted to reflect transfers of agencies and programs (e.g., the transfer of INS functions
from DOJ to DHS). Also, the Grand Total does not include an across-the-board cuts or rescissions that have yet to be
determined.

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