Order Code RL30500
CRS Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
Appropriations for FY2001:
An Overview
Updated September 22, 2000
Mary Frances Bley
Information Research Specialist
Information Research Division
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

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Appropriations are one part of a complex congressional budget process that includes budget
resolutions, appropriations measures (regular bills, supplemental measures, and continuing
resolutions), rescission, and budget reconciliation bills. Fiscal year (FY) 2001 covers October
1, 2000-September 30, 2001. The process begins with the President’s budget request and is
bound by the rules of the House and Senate, the Congressional Budget and Impoundment
Control Act of 1974 (as amended), the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990, and current program
authorizations.
This report is a broad overview of all appropriations activity and a guide to the CRS
Appropriation Product Series that provides analytical perspectives on the 13 annual FY2001
appropriations bills. This report will be updated weekly as legislation occurs.
For the most current information, congressional staff may access an Internet version of the
CRS Appropriations Product Series, with active links to appropriations analysis, committee
reports and other legislation, and votes for each of the 13 appropriation bills at:
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html].
For a detailed explanation or description of the budget and appropriations process, please see
the suggested reading list within this report. Also available to congressional staff via the
Internet are CRS fact sheets on budget and appropriation topics available at:
[http://lcweb.loc.gov/crs/legproc/newformat/CRSFactSheets/BudgetTopics.html].
Members of the public may be referred to THOMAS, the public version of the Library’s
legislative Web site: [http://lcweb.loc.gov/global/legislative/appover.html], and the THOMAS
Status of FY2001 Appropriations Internet site:
[http://lcweb.loc.gov/global/legislative/appover.html]

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Appropriations for FY2001: An Overview
Summary
This report provides an overview of the Congressional Research Service FY2001
Appropriations Product Series, and summarizes selected action on regular bills,
supplemental measures, and continuing resolutions.
Appropriations Vote Status Page:
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]
Appropriations for FY2001 CRS Report Series
CRS Report RL30501: U.S. Department of Agriculture and Related Agencies
CRS Report RL30502: Treasury, Postal Service, Executive Office of the President, Government
CRS Report RL30503: Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education
CRS Report RL30504: VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies
CRS Report RL30505: Defense
CRS Report RL30506: Interior and Related Agencies
CRS Report RL30507: Energy and Water Development
CRS Report RL30509: Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies
CRS Report RL30508: Department of Transportation and Related Agencies
CRS Report RL30510: Military Construction
CRS Report RL30511: Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs
CRS Report RL30512: Legislative Branch
CRS Report RL30513: District of Columbia
CRS Report RL30457: Supplemental Appropriations for FY2000: Plan Colombia, Kosovo, Foreign
Debt Relief, Home Energy Assistance, and Other Initiatives
Appropriation Bills, Reports, Laws, Veto Messages (FY2001-1997):
[http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/legislation/appro.html]
Appropriation Committees Web Sites, Publications, Membership, Jurisdiction
House: [http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/house/house02.html]
Senate: [http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate/senate03.html]
CRS Appropriations/Budget Products Page:
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html]
CRS Budget Fact Sheets:
[http://lcweb.loc.gov/crs/legproc/newformat/CRSFactSheets/BudgetTopics.html].
To Order CRS Products:
Using the CRS product number, Congressional offices may obtain paper copies of
CRS products by calling the CRS Products Line at 7-7132. Members of the public
may receive CRS products through their Representative or Senator.
THOMAS (Public version of the Library’s legislative web site for constituents.)
Appropriations Vote Status Page:
[http://lcweb.loc.gov/global/legislative/appover.html]
For specific appropriation and budget searching, constituents may want to use:
[http://thomas.loc.gov/bss/d106/hot-titl.html]

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Contents
Most Recent Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Legislative Alert (CRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Votes: FY2001 Appropriations/FY2000 Supplemental (9/22/00) . . . . . . . 1
Votes: Budget Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Budget Surplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
CRS Appropriation Product Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Appropriation Coordinators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Agriculture, Rural Development, FDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Commerce, Justice, State, Judiciary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Energy and Water Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Foreign Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Labor/HHS/Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Legislative Branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Military Construction (with Supplemental) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Treasury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Veterans Affairs/Housing and Urban Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Supplemental for FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Locating Agencies, Departments, and Programs in Appropriation Bills . . . . . . 22
Guide to Selected Federal Programs in Appropriation Bills . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Other CRS Appropriation/Budget Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Appropriations and Budget Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Budget (FY2001) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Fact Sheets on Budget and Appropriation Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Research and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Social Security Surplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Vetoes of Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Internet Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Appropriations Analysis/Vote Status Table (CRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Appropriation Bills, Reports, Laws, Veto Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Appropriation Web Sites, Publications, Membership, Jurisdiction . . . . . . 28
Budget Process Institutes (CRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Budget Timetable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
CBO Budget/Appropriation Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Cost Estimates of Legislation (CBO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Current Status of Discretionary Appropriations (CBO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Fact Sheets on Budget and Appropriation Topics (CRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

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Glossaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Legislative Alert (CRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Monthly Budget Review (CBO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Rules Committee—House (Special Rules on Appropriation Bills) . . . . . . 29
Supplemental Requests and Budget Amendments (OMB) . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
302(b) Spending Allocations for Appropriation Subcommittees . . . . . . . . 29
Unauthorized Appropriations and Expiring Authorizations (CBO) . . . . . . 29
Veto Indications (OMB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Appropriations Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Appropriations Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Appropriations and Budget Process Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
President’s Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Budget Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Implementation of the Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Discretionary Spending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Direct (or Mandatory) Spending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Reconciliation Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Budget Resolution Enforcement and Sequestration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
List of Tables
Table 1. Votes: Appropriations and Supplemental (9/22/00) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Table 2. Administration Requests/Amounts Enacted: FY1981-FY1999 . . . . . 34
Table 3. Discretionary/Mandatory Outlays: FY1981-FY1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

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Appropriations for FY2001:
An Overview
Most Recent Developments
Two of the 13 appropriation bills have been signed into law:
Defense: P.L. 106-259 – H.R. 4576. (8/9/00; 114 Stat. 656; 55 p.)
Military Construction: P.L. 106-246 – H.R. 4425. (7/13/00; 114 Stat. 511; 82 p.)
On 9/20/00, the Senate failed to pass the combined Legislative Branch and Treasury
Postal appropriations conference report, H.Rept. 106-796, by a vote of 28-69.
Fiscal year 2000 ends September 30, 2000. See:
CRS Report RL30343, Continuing Appropriations Acts
CRS Report RS20348, Federal Funding Gaps
Legislative Alert (CRS)
Provides a list of this week’s projected floor votes and CRS analysis.
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/legalert.html]
Votes: FY2001 Appropriations/FY2000 Supplemental (9/22/00)
Table 1. Votes: Appropriations and Supplemental (9/22/00)
For the most current appropriation votes, see the Appropriations Vote Status Page.
Congressional offices: [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]
Constituents: [http://lcweb.loc.gov/global/legislative/appover.html]
House/Senate
House/Senate
Subcommittee
Committee
Committee Report
Conference Report
Bill No.
Date/Vote
Date/Vote
Floor Vote/Date
Floor Vote/Date
House Senate House Senate
House Senate
House Senate Public Law
Agriculture 5/4/00
5/4/00 5/10/00 5/9/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
H.R. 4461
(vv)
(vv)
(vv)
(vv)
106-619
106-288
S. 2536

CRS Report
(339-82)
(79-13)
RL30501
Vote #385 Vote#225
7/11/00
7/20/00
Commerce
6/6/00
6/19/00 7/18/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
Justice
(vv)
(28-0)
106-680
106-404
State
H.R. 4690
J
(214-195)
CRS Report
Vote #326
RL30509
6/26/00

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CRS-2
House/Senate
House/Senate
Subcommittee
Committee
Committee Report
Conference Report
Bill No.
Date/Vote
Date/Vote
Floor Vote/Date
Floor Vote/Date
House Senate House Senate
House Senate
House Senate Public Law
Defense
5/11/00 5/17/00 5/25/00 5/18/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
H.Rept. 106-754
P.L.
H.R. 4576
(vv)
(vv)
(vv)
(28-0)
106-644
106-298
106-259
S. 2593
C
CRS Report
(367-58)
(95-3)
Signed
7/19/00
7/27/00
RL30505
Vote #241
Vote #127
8/9/00
(367-58)
(91-9)
6/7/00
6/13/00
Vote
Vote #230
#413
District of
7/13/00
7/20/00 9/13/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
Columbia
(vv)
(27-1)
106-786
106-409
H.R. 4942
S. 3041
(217-207)
CRS Report
9/14/00
RL30513
Energy/
6/12/00 7/13/00 6/20/00 7/18/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
Water
(vv)
(vv)
(28-0)
106-693
106-395
H.R. 4733
CRS Report
I
I
(407-19)
(91-3)
RL30507
Vote #342 Vote #237
6/28/00
9/7/00
L
Foreign
6/20/00 5/8/00 6/27/00 5/9/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
Operations
(polled)
(vv)
(vv)
106-720
106-291
H.R. 4811
S. 2522
(239-185)
(uc)
CRS Report
Vote #400
7/18/00
RL30511
7/13/00
F
Interior
5/17/00 6/20/00 5/25/00 6/22/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
H.R. 4578
(vv)
(31-22) (28-0)
106-646
106-312
CRS Report
E
RL30506
(204-172)
(97-2)
Vote #291 Vote #211
6/16/00
7/18/00
E
Labor/
5/10/00 5/10/00 5/24/00 5/11/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
HHS/
(8-6)
(vv)
(29-22) (28-0)
106-645
106-293
Education
H.R. 4577
(217-214)
(52-43)
S. 2553
Vote #273 Vote #171
CRS Report
6/14/00
6/30/00
RL30503
H
Legislative
5/3/00
5/9/00 5/18/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
H.Rept. 106-796
Branch
(6-3)
(31-23) (28-0)
106-635
106-304
H.R. 4516
K
K
(373-50)
7/17/00
S. 2603
Vote #313
(uc)
(212-209)
(28-69)
Vote #476
Failed
CRS Report
6/22/00
9/14/00
Passage.
RL30512
B
Vote #253
9/20/00

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CRS-3
House/Senate
House/Senate
Subcommittee
Committee
Committee Report
Conference Report
Bill No.
Date/Vote
Date/Vote
Floor Vote/Date
Floor Vote/Date
House Senate House Senate
House Senate
House Senate Public Law
Military
5/2/00
5/8/00 5/9/00 5/9/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
H.Rept. 106-710
P.L.
Construc-
(uc)
(polled)
(vv)
(vv)
106-614
106-290
106-246
tion/Supp-
G
A
lemental
(386-22)
(96-4)
Signed
H.R. 4425
Vote #184 Vote #106 (306-110)
7/13/00
(uc)
S. 2521
5/16/00
5/18/00 Vote #362 6/30/00
CRS Report
6/29/00
RL30510
Transpor-
5/8/00 6/13/00 5/16/00 6/13/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
tation
(vv)
(vv)
106-622
106-309
H.R. 4475
D
S. 2720
(395-13)
(99-0)
CRS Report
Vote #210 Vote #132
RL30508
5/19/00
6/15/00
Treasury
7/11/00 7/19/00 7/18/00 7/20/00
H.Rept.
H.Rept. 106-796
H.R. 4871
(vv)
(vv)
(vv)
106-756
S.2900
K
H.R. 4985
(216-202)
K
Vote #428
(212-209)
(28-69)
Vote #476
Failed
CRS Report
7/20/00
9/14/00
Passage.
RL30502
Vote #253
9/20/00
VA/HUD
5/23/00 9/13/00 6/7/00 9/13/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
H.R. 4635
(vv)
(vv)
(vv)
(27-1)
106-674
106-410
K
CRS Report
RL30504
M
(256-169)
Vote #309
6/21/00
Supplemen-
3/9/00
H.Rept.
tal
(33-13)
106-521
Also see
(263-146)
Military
Vote #95
Construction
3/30/00
H.R. 3908
CRS Report
RL30457
Votes in parentheses. vv = voice vote; uc= unanimous consent.
A. Military Construction: On 5/18/00, the Senate passed H.R. 4425, after striking all after the
enacting clause and inserting in lieu thereof the text of S. 2521, as amended. See the
Congressional Record, 5/18/00, pages S4122-70.
B. Legislative Branch: On 7/17/00, the Senate passed H.R. 4516 by unanimous consent, after
incorporating the text of S. 2603, as amended. See the Congressional Record, 7/17/00, p.
D756. Earlier, on 5/25/00, by a vote of 98-2, the Senate agreed to the motion to advance
S.2603 to the third reading, and subsequently the bill was returned to the Senate calendar.
C. Defense: On 6/13/00, the Senate passed H.R. 4576, after striking all after the enacting clause and
substituted the language of S. 2593.
D. Transportation: On 6/15/00, the Senate passed H.R. 4475, as amended.
E. Interior: On 7/18/00, the Senate passed H.R. 4578, after agreeing to a committee amendment in
the nature of a substitute, and adding additional amendments. See the Congressional Record,
7/18/00, p. S7083, S7085-S7103. Earlier on 6/20/00, the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee
on Interior approved H.R. 4578, as amended.
F. Foreign Operations: On 7/18/00, the Senate passed H.R. 4811, after striking all after the
enacting clause and inserting the text of S.2522, as amended. See the Congressional Record,

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CRS-4
7/18/00, p. S.7121-42. Earlier, on 6/22/00, the Senate amended and advanced S. 2522 to the
third reading and returned it to the Senate calendar, by a vote of 95-4.
G. Military Construction/Supplemental: Supplemental spending was also included in the Military
Construction conference report. See CRS Report RL30457, Supplemental Appropriations for
FY2000: Plan Colombia, Kosovo, Foreign Debt Relief, Home Energy Assistance, and Other
Initiatives.
H. Labor/HHS/Education: On 6/30/00, the Senate passed H.R. 4577, as amended.
I. Energy/Water: Energy and Water: The Senate Appropriations Committee reported H.R. 4733,
with an amendment in the nature of a substitute (without a written report). Earlier, on
7/13/00, the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
approved H.R. 4733, with an amendment in the nature of a substitute, by voice vote.
J. Commerce: The Senate Appropriations Committee ordered H.R. 4690 to be reported favorably,
with amendments.
K. The conference report, H.Rept. 106-796 (H.R. 4516/H.R. 4985), covers both appropriations and
FY2000 emergency supplementals. Division A (H.R. 4516) contains legislative branch
appropriations and emergency FY2000 supplemental appropriations for the legislative branch
and for the Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Housing Administration.
Division B (H.R. 4985) contains provisions of the FY2001 Treasury and Postal Service
appropriations bill, and repeal of the excise tax on telephone and other communications
services. The text of the conference report was published in the 7/27/00 Congressional
Record, p. H7095-126. The conference report passed the House on 9/14/00, by a vote of 212-
209, vote #476. The conference report failed to pass the Senate on 9/20/00, by a vote of 28-69,
vote #253.
L. Energy/Water: On 9/7/00, the Senate passed H.R. 4733, as amended.
M. VA/HUD: On 9/13/00, the Senate Appropriations Committee favorably reported H.R. 4635, with
an amendment in the nature of a substitute.
Votes: Budget Resolution
On 4/13/00, the budget resolution conference report for FY2001 (H.Rept.
106-577, H.Con.Res. 290) was adopted by both the House and Senate. The House
agreed by a vote of 220-208, vote #125, Congressional Record, 4/13/00, p. H2258.
The Senate vote was 50-48, vote #85, Congressional Record, 4/13/00, p. S2696.
The President does not sign budget resolutions.
Previously, on 4/7/00, the Senate had passed its FY2001 budget resolution by
incorporating S.Con.Res. 101 into H.Con.Res. 290 as a substitute, and passing
H.Con.Res. 290 by a vote of 51-45, vote #79, Congressional Record, 4/7/00, p.
S2384-2432.
In the early morning of 3/24/00, the House passed its FY2001 budget resolution
by a vote of 211-207, and rejected five other budget proposals. Congressional
Record, 3/23/00, p. H1335-H1401, vote #75.
! Rejected the Owens (Congressional Black Caucus) amendment in the
nature of a substitute by a vote of 70 to 348, vote #70,
Congressional Record, 3/23/00, p. H1341-55.
! Rejected the DeFazio (Progressive Caucus) amendment in the nature
of a substitute, by a vote of 61-351, vote #71, Congressional
Record, 3/23/00, p. H1355-63.

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CRS-5
! Rejected the Stenholm (Blue Dog Democrats) amendment in the
nature of a substitute, by a vote of 171-243, vote #72, Congressional
Record, 3/23/00, p. H1363-74.
! Rejected
the Sununu (Republican Conservative Action
Team—CATS) amendment in the nature of a substitute by a vote of
78-339, vote #73, Congressional Record, 3/23/00, p. H1375-86.
! Rejected the Spratt (Democratic Alternative) amendment in the
nature of a substitute by a vote of 184-233, vote #74, Congressional
Record, 3/23/00, p. H1386-H1400.
For historical information on budget resolutions from FY1975-FY2000, see CRS
Report RL30297, Congressional Budget Resolutions: Selected Statistics and
Information Guide.
Budget Surplus
On 7/18/00, the Budget and Economic Outlook: An Update was released by the
Congressional Budget Office. CBO now projects a FY2000 total budget surplus of
$232 billion, (excluding spending and revenue legislation this year). This is $53 billion
higher than the previous CBO estimate in April. CBO also estimates that “the
on-budget surplus (which excludes the spending and revenues of Social Security and
the Postal Service) is now expected to rise to $84 billion this year under current
policies ... more than $100 billion in 2001, ... and to annual levels approaching or
exceeding $400 billion by 2010, depending on assumptions about future levels of
discretionary spending.”
HTML version:
[http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=2241&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF version: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=2241&type=1]
On 6/26/00, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) released its Mid-
Session Review, projecting a total FY2000 budget surplus of $211 billion, and an on-
budget surplus of $52 billion, making it the “largest surplus ever in dollar terms and
the largest as a percentage of GDP since 1948.” [http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/]
In response, CBO issued An Analysis of the President’s Mid-Session Review of
the Budget for Fiscal Year 2001, on 7/28/00.
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=2301&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=2301&type=1]
Earlier this year, both CBO and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
had projected a FY2000 surplus of $179 billion, with an on-budget surplus of $26
million.
The two major sources for federal budget information are the Congressional
Budget Office [http://www.cbo.gov/] and the Office of Management and Budget
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/]. For more information see CRS Issue Brief
IB10052, The Budget for Fiscal Year 2001.

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CRS-6
CRS Appropriation Product Series
The CRS Appropriations/Budget Products Page provides direct access to a CRS
product series covering each of the 13 appropriation bills. Also included is an
Appropriations Status Chart providing access to appropriation votes, bills, reports,
and public laws. Other access points include information on supplemental proposals,
a budget chronology and overview with active Internet links, a list of key CRS policy
staff, and a guide to locating federal agencies, departments, and programs in
appropriation bills: [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html].
Appropriation Coordinators
CRS
Area of Expertise
Name
Division
Tel.
Agriculture
Ralph Chite
RSI
7-7296
Commerce, Justice, State, Judiciary
Ed Knight
G&F
7-7785
Defense
Stephen Daggett
FDT
7-7642
District of Columbia
Eugene P. Boyd
G&F
7-8689
Energy/Water (Co-Coordinator)
Carl Behrens
RSI
7-8303
Energy/Water (Co-Coordinator)
Marc Humphries
RSI
7-7264
Foreign Operations
Larry Nowels
FDT
7-7645
Interior
Alfred R. Greenwood
RSI
7-7236
Labor, Health, Human Services,
Paul M. Irwin
DSP
7-7573
Education
Legislative Branch
Paul E. Dwyer
G&F
7-8668
Military Construction
Mary T. Tyszkiewicz
FDT
7-3144
Transportation
Robert Kirk
RSI
7-7769
Treasury, Postal Service
Sharon Gressle
G&F
7-8677
Veterans, Housing and Urban
Dennis W. Snook
RSI
7-7314
Development (Co-Coordinator)
Veterans, Housing and Urban
Richard Bourdon
DSP
7-7806
Development (Co-Coordinator)
Division abbreviations: DSP = Domestic Social Policy; FDT = Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade; G&F =
Government and Finance; RSI = Resources, Science, and Industry.
Agriculture, Rural Development, FDA
CRS Report RL30501, Appropriations for FY2001: U.S. Department of Agriculture
and Related Agencies, coordinated by Ralph M. Chite.
Vote Status Table: [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]
Major legislation: H.R. 4461
House passage: 7/11/00 (339-82). Senate passage: 7/20/00 (79-13).

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CRS-7
Summary from CRS Report RL30501 (8/31/00):
During July, the House and Senate completed action on their respective versions
of an FY2001 appropriations bill (H.R. 4461) for the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA) and related agencies. The full House approved H.R. 4461 with amendments,
by a 339-82 vote, on July 11, 2000. The Senate adopted a substitute amendment (S.
2536, as modified) to the text of the House-passed bill and approved the measure,
79-13, on July 20. The two bills are relatively close in total FY2001 regular spending
levels — $75.70 billion in the Senate-passed bill and $75.42 billion in the
House-passed bill, compared with $77.27 billion in the Administration request. Of
these amounts, nearly $14.54 billion is for discretionary programs in the House bill,
compared with $14.85 billion in S. 2536, and $15.5 billion proposed by the
Administration. Administration officials have stated that the President likely would
veto either version of the bill, mainly because they fall short of the Administration
requested levels, particularly for food safety, research and conservation programs.
Conference action is expected following the August recess.
Not included in the above totals is over $3 billion in emergency spending for
USDA programs in the Senate-passed bill. Most of this spending would provide
economic and disaster relief to agricultural producers, including $1.45 billion in crop
disaster payments; $450 million in livestock feed assistance; $443 million in direct
payments to dairy farmers, and $160 million for potato and apple growers. The only
emergency provision in the House bill is $115 million in apple and potato assistance.
So far this year, USDA programs have received $15 billion in emergency
supplemental funding.
One of the most controversial issues in the agriculture appropriations debate has
been whether to exempt food and medicine from unilateral sanctions against Cuba and
other specified nations. A food and medicine exemption provision is included in the
Senate-passed bill, and a nearly identical provision was in the House-reported bill.
However, House opponents fought successfully to delete the provision from the bill,
after working out a compromise, which House leadership has stated will serve as their
position in conference.
During floor debate on the FY2001 agriculture spending bill, attempts to either
limit (House) or prohibit (Senate) federal spending on the sugar price support
program were thwarted. Also defeated on the House floor were proposed
amendments to eliminate funding for the Market Access Program and for an
emergency payment program for wool and mohair producers; a prohibition on the use
of USDA funds for the destruction of livestock predators; and a blocking of FDA
approval of an abortion drug. Amendments were adopted in both chambers to allow
the importation of FDA-approved drugs from Canada and Mexico. Both bills contain
prohibitions on mandatory spending on certain agricultural research programs and for
the Fund for Rural America.
Commerce, Justice, State, Judiciary
CRS Report RL30509, Appropriations for FY2001: Commerce, Justice, and State,
the Judiciary, and Related Agencies, coordinated by Edward Knight.
Vote Status Table: [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]

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CRS-8
Major legislation: H.R. 4690
House passage: 6/26/00 (214-195).
S. Appropriations Committee approval: 7/18/00 (S.Rept. 106-404).
Summary from CRS Report RL30509 (9/12/00):
This report tracks action by the 106th Congress on FY2001 appropriations for
the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and other related
agencies (often referred to as CJS appropriations). P.L. 106-113 (H.R. 3421, Division
B of H.R. 3194, Section 1000 (a)) appropriated $39.6 billion for these agencies for
FY2000. The President’s FY2001 budget requests about $39.6 billion for these
agencies, about a $51 million increase or 0.1 % above the FY2000 total. On June 14,
2000, the House Appropriations Committee approved its version of the CJS
appropriations bill (H.R. 4690, H.Rept. 106-680). It recommended funding totaling
$37.4 billion-$2.2 billion below the President’s request and about $2.2 billion below
the FY2000 appropriation. The House passed the bill on June 26, approved the same
overall funding total recommended by the Committee. On July 18, 2000, the Senate
Appropriations Committee approved its version of the bill (H.R. 4690, S.Rept.
106-404). It approved total funding of $36.7 billion which is about $700 million
below the House version and about $2.9 billion below both the President’s request
and the actual FY2000 appropriation. The bill is awaiting floor action in the Senate.
The major CJS appropriations issues or concerns that are receiving attention in
both the Senate and the House include the following. Department of Justice: building
more prisons, extending the 1994 Crime Act funding authorization beyond September
30, 2000; increasing funding for drug-related efforts among the Department of Justice
(DOJ) agencies; increasing funding for community law enforcement; combating
cybercrime; changing the focus and levels of appropriations for DOJ’s Office of
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; providing funding for programs that
would reduce gun and youth violence; reducing pending caseloads in
immigration-related claims, particularly green card and naturalization applications;
meeting the statutory mandate that the Border Patrol be increased by 1,000 agents in
FY2001, and accounting for the shortfall in hiring in FY1999; determining the level
of detention capacity necessary to comply with the statutory mandate that certain
criminal aliens be detained until deported; and restructuring INS internally as
proposed by the Administration or dismantling or restructuring the agency by
legislation. Department of Commerce: the progress made in streamlining and
downsizing Department programs; implementation of the decennial census including
followup operations; federal financial support of industrial technology development
programs; monitoring foreign compliance with trade agreements and U.S. trade laws;
and implementing new White House environmental initiatives at the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration. Department of State: improving embassy security
through a doubling of funding as well as a request for an advance appropriation to
cover the period FY2002 to FY2005. The Judiciary: level of funding required for
court staff and defender services in the lower courts, and whether the salaries of
judges and justices should receive a cost-of-living increase. Other Related Agencies:
adequacy of funding levels for the Legal Services Corporation, and the Equal
Employment Opportunity Commission, given a rapidly growing workload of civil
rights cases.

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CRS-9
Defense
CRS Report RL30505, Appropriations for FY2001: Defense, by Stephen Daggett.
Vote Status Table: [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]
Major legislation:
P.L. 106-259 (8/9/00; 114 Stat. 656; 55 p.)
House conference passage: 7/19/00 (367-58).
Senate conference passage: 7/27/00 (91-9).
Summary from CRS Report RL30505 (9/15/00):
House and the Senate action on annual defense bills is nearing completion. A
conference agreement on the defense appropriations bill, H.R. 4576, was approved
in the House on July 19 and in the Senate on July 27, and the President signed the bill
into law on August 9 (P.L. 106-259). Both the House and the Senate have also
approved a conference agreement on the FY2001 military construction appropriations
bill, H.R. 4425, and the President signed the bill into law on July 13 (P.L. 106-246).
This bill includes supplemental appropriations for FY2000 military operations in
Kosovo and Colombia, for increased fuel and medical care costs, and for some other
defense programs. A conference on the defense authorization bill, H.R. 4205/S. 2549,
is expected to be finished imminently.
Several major issues emerged in this year’s defense debate. An ongoing issue is
whether long-term defense budgets are adequate to support an appropriate pace of
weapons modernization. The FY2001 request included $60 billion for weapons
procurement, reaching a target that had been set some years before, but many
legislators are arguing that much larger procurement budgets will be necessary within
the next few years. The appropriations conference agreement provides about $2.4
billion more for weapons procurement than the Administration requested and about
$3.5 billion more for weapons R&D.
Another key issue is how to reform defense health care programs. The Defense
Department proposed some modest changes in the TRICARE program for military
dependents. Congress, however, considered much more substantial changes in health
care benefits for military retirees, ranging from a mail-order prescription drug benefit
to allowing military retirees into the Federal Employee Health Benefits Plan. The
Senate added a provision to its version of the defense authorization bill that would
guarantee retiree access to DOD-provided health care. That provision has reportedly
been a major issue in the authorization conference.
Funding for the Joint Strike Fighter was the major weapons-related issue this
year - there continues to be general support for the aircraft in Congress, but the
defense committees reduced funding because of delays in the development program.
Army modernization and Navy shipbuilding have also been matters of some attention.
The conference agreement on the defense appropriations bill adds almost $2 billion
for Army transformation initiatives designed to build a lighter, more easily deployable
force.

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CRS-10
U.S. policy in Kosovo was also a major issue. In a key vote on the Military
Construction bill, the Senate deleted a provision sponsored by Senator Byrd to cut off
funds for troops in Kosovo after July 1, 2001, unless Congress approves continued
deployment. A Kosovo burdensharing measure has been a key issue in the
authorization conference.
District of Columbia
CRS Report RL30513: Appropriations for FY2001: District of Columbia, by
Eugene Boyd.
Vote Status Table: [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]
Major legislation: H.R. 4942, S. 3041
House passage: 9/14/00 (217-207).
Senate Appropriations Committee reported out S.Rept. 106-409 (9/13/00).
Summary from CRS Report RL30513 (9/14/00):
On February 7, 2000, President Clinton submitted his budget recommendations
for FY2001. The Administration’s proposed budget includes $ 445 million in federal
payments and assistance to the District of Columbia. On March 13, 2000, D.C. Mayor
Anthony Williams submitted his proposed budget for FY2001. The proposed budget
included $4.7 billion in general fund expenditures and $695 million in enterprise funds.
The District of Columbia Financial Responsibility and Management Assistance
Authority (Authority), on June 7, 2000, approved a budget compromise reached by
the city council and the mayor, which includes $137 million more in funding for public
education than appropriated for FY2000, and $47 million more than requested by the
mayor. In addition, the city’s budget appropriates $214.6 million for economic
development, which is $24 million more than appropriated in FY2000, and $197.8
million for governmental support activities, which is $62.0 million more than
appropriated in FY2000.
The District budget, which must be approved by Congress, requests $445 million
in special federal payments. On September 13, 2000, the Senate Appropriations
Committee completed action on its version of the District’s Appropriations Act for
FY2001, S. 3041, which includes $441 million in special federal payments. Following
this action, on September 14, 2000, the House passed its version of the District’s
appropriation bill, H.R. 4942, which includes $414 million in special federal payments
to the District.
The District’s $4.8 billion general fund budget includes $394 million for agencies
under court-ordered receivership. These include Child and Family Services, Mental
Health Services, and Jail Medical Services. In the next 12 months two of these
agencies-Child and Family Services and Mental Health Services- will return to District
control because of a lack of progress made by the court-appointed receivers.
Earlier this year District residents approved by referendum an amendment to the
District’s home rule charter that restructures the city’s Board of Education. The
charter amendment reconfigures the school board from an 11 member panel with eight
members elected by ward and three at-large to a board comprising five elected

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CRS-11
members and four members appointed by the mayor. The referendum, which was
approved by voters on June 27, 2000, will give the mayor greater influence over
education policy, funding, and resource allocation through his appointed members on
the Board of Education. It also means the mayor assumes greater accountability for
the state of the city’s public schools.
In addition, the council must complete its work on revising sentencing guidelines
governing convicted felons as mandated by the National Capital Revitalization Act of
1997, P.L. 105-33. The 1997 Act transferred to the federal government funding
responsibility for criminal justice activities. These activities account for $244.9 million
(55%) of the total $445 million in requested special federal payments. This report will
be updated to reflect the latest action affecting the District’s FY2001 appropriations.
Energy and Water Development
CRS Report RL30507, Appropriations for FY2001: Energy and Water Development,
coordinated by Marc Humphries and Carl Behrens.
Vote Status Table: [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]
Major legislation: H.R. 4733
House passage: 6/28/00 (407-19). Senate passage: 9/7/00 (93-1).
Summary from CRS Report RL30507 (9/19/00):
The Energy and Water Development appropriations bill includes funding for civil
projects of the Army Corps of Engineers, the Department of the Interior’s Bureau of
Reclamation (BuRec), most of the Department of Energy (DOE), and a number of
independent agencies. The Administration requested $22.7 billion for these programs
for FY2001 compared with $21.2 billion appropriated in FY2000. The House Bill,
(H.R. 4733), passed on June 28, 2000, allocates $21.74 billion for Energy and Water
Development programs. Overall, funding levels for defense-related programs would
increase and funding levels for nondefense-related programs decrease. The Senate
subcommittee marked up its version of the bill on July 13, 2000, allocating $22.5
billion for energy and water development programs. This bill was reported out by the
full Appropriations Committee July 18, and passed by the Senate, with a number of
amendments, on September 7.
Key issues involving Energy and Water Development appropriations programs
include: budget constraints that may increase water project conflicts between
continuing conventional construction and recent infrastructure/restoration
authorizations and initiatives; reauthorizations for major water/ecosystem restoration
initiatives for the Florida Everglades and California “Bay-Delta” areas may impede
funding during FY2001 and beyond; executive branch investigations or reviews of
Corps study procedures and agency management practices that could lead to
congressional action, depending upon what reviews reveal and when they are
completed; spending for solar and renewable energy to address global climate change
issues; a pending decision by DOE on the electrometallurgical treatment of nuclear
spent fuel for storage and disposal, a process that opponents contend raises nuclear
proliferation concerns; implementation of the new National Nuclear Security
Administration (NNSA); an expanded Threat Reduction Initiative aimed at ending

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CRS-12
Russia’s production of plutonium that can be used to make nuclear weapons; DOE
management of its Spallation Neutron Source Project (SNS); Nuclear Regulatory
Commission’s (NRC) plans to overhaul its regulatory system for nuclear power plant
safety, as urged by the House and Senate Appropriations Committees.
Foreign Operations
CRS Report RL30511: Appropriations for FY2001: Foreign Operations, Export
Financing, and Related Programs, by Larry Nowels.
Vote Status Table: [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]
Major legislation: H.R. 4811, S.2522
House passage: 7/13/00 (239-185). Senate passage: 7/18/00 (uc).
Summary from CRS Report RL30511 (9/2/00):
The annual Foreign Operations appropriations bill is the primary legislative
vehicle through which Congress reviews the U.S. foreign aid budget and influences
executive branch foreign policy making generally. It contains the largest share -- over
two-thirds — of total U.S. international affairs spending.
President Clinton has asked Congress to appropriate $15.1 billion for FY2001
Foreign Operations, an amount about $1.6 billion, or 12% higher than total FY2000
appropriations, after adjusting FY2000 to deduct the one-time, emergency $1.8 billion
aid package for Israel, Jordan, and Palestinians in support of the November 1998 Wye
River/Middle East peace accord. (Including Wye River assistance in the FY2000
totals, the FY2001 request is roughly $210 million, or 1.4%, less than total FY2000
enacted appropriations.) The largest increases at the account level are those for the
Export-Import Bank (+26%), USAID development assistance (+18%),
nonproliferation, terrorism, and demining (+44%), voluntary contributions to
international organizations (+45%), and multilateral development bank contributions
(+24%).
S. 2522, as approved by the Senate on June 22, provides $13.4 billion for
FY2001 Foreign Operations Appropriations. The measure is about $65million less
than FY2000 enacted (after subtracting from FY2000 the one-time, $1.8 billion
emergency Wye River aid package). The Senate bill falls about $1.7 billion, or 11%,
below the President’s FY2001 request. A major new initiative in S. 2522 is the
creation of a Global Health account ($691 million) with specific earmarks for
HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and for a U.S. contribution to the Global Fund for
Children’s Vaccines ($50 million). Population aid would increase by $110 million and
a new set of conditions on family planning programs would effectively eliminate the
current abortion-related restrictions that Congress enacted for FY2000.
H.R. 4811, as approved by the House on July 13, provides $13.1 billion, about
$350 million less than the FY2000 enacted, and 13% less than the President’s request.
The bill maintains the FY2000 funding level and abortion-related restrictions. At $238
million, the bill provides most of the Administration’s FY2001 request for debt relief,
but still falls well short of the combined FY2000/2001 debt reduction request of $472
million.

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CRS-13
Four issues in the FY2001 Foreign Operations debate are receiving special
attention: 1) U.S. development aid policy and spending priorities; 2) population aid
and international family planning policy; 3) regional/country aid issues and allocations;
and 4) initiatives to reduce debt owed to the United States and other creditors by the
world’s poorest and most highly indebted nations.
Interior
CRS Report RL30506, Appropriations for FY2001: Interior and Related Agencies,
coordinated by Alfred R. Greenwood.
Vote Status Table: [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]
Major legislation: H.R. 4578
House passage: 6/16/00, (204-172). Senate passage: 7/18/00, (97-2).

Summary from CRS Report RL30506 (8/18/00):
The Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations bill includes funding for
agencies and programs in four separate federal departments as well as numerous
smaller agencies and diverse programs. The bill includes funding for the Interior
Department except the Bureau of Reclamation, but only segments of the funding of
the other three departments, Agriculture, Energy, and Health and Human Services.
On February 7, 2000, President Clinton submitted his FY2001 budget to
Congress. The FY2001 request for Interior and Related Agencies totals $16.32 billion
compared to the $14.91 billion enacted for FY2000 (P.L. 106-113), an increase of
$1.41 billion. (With scorekeeping adjustments, including an across-the-board cut of
0.38% for FY2000, the figures are $16.49 billion requested for FY2001 compared
with $14.90 billion enacted for FY2000.)
The Interior Subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee and the full
House Appropriations Committee marked up the FY2001 Interior Appropriations bill
on May 17, 2000 and May 25, 2000, respectively. On June 16, 2000, the House
passed H.R. 4578 (H.Rept. 106-646) by a vote of 204-172. The FY2001
recommended level of $14.6 billion is $1.7 billion below the President’s request and
$302 million below the FY2000 enacted level. The bill would also provide $350
million for emergency wildland firefighting (+ $200 million for the Department of the
Interior and $150 million for the Forest Service) as a FY2000 emergency
supplemental appropriation. The Office of Management and Budget has indicated
that the President would veto the House bill in its present form.
The Interior Subcommittee of the Senate Appropriations Committee and the full
Senate Appropriations Committee marked up the Interior bill on June 20, 2000 and
June 22, 2000, respectively. On July 18, 2000, the Senate passed the bill by a vote of
97-2. The FY2001 recommended level of $15.8 billion in total budget authority is
some $1.16 billion above the House-passed mark. The Senate recommended level
provides increases above the House-passed levels for most of the agencies within the
bill. For example: Forest Service (+ $251 million), Bureau of Indian Affairs (+ $205
million), Department of Energy (+ $172.8 million), Fish and Wildlife Service (+ $59.1
million), Geological Survey (+ $31.7 million), Bureau of Land Management (+ $28.1

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CRS-14
million), and Smithsonian (+ $26.8 million). In addition, the Senate would provide
increases for the National Endowment for the Arts (+ $7 million) and the National
Endowment for the Humanities (+ $5 million). It should be noted that the
Senate-passed total includes a FY2001 Emergency Supplemental for wildland fire
fighting of $240.3 million ($120.3 million for the Bureau of Land Management and
$120 million for the Forest Service for hazardous fuels reduction). See Table 5, CRS
Report RL30506, for the House- and Senate-recommended levels. A list of House
and Senate amendments can be found by accessing H.R. 4578 on the Legislation
Information System (LIS) at [http://www.congress.gov].
A House-Senate conference is expected after Labor Day.
Labor/HHS/Education
CRS Report RL30503, Appropriations for FY2001: Labor, Health and Human
Services, and Education, by Paul M. Irwin.
Vote Status Table: [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]
Major legislation: H.R. 4577
In conference.
House passage: 6/14/00 (217-214). Senate passage: 6/30/00 (52-43).
Summary from CRS Report RL30503, (8/17/00):
This report tracks the legislative action by the 106th Congress on the FY2001
appropriation bill for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and
Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED). This bill will provide discretionary
funds for three federal departments and related agencies. The report summarizes
L-HHS-ED discretionary funding issues, but not authorization or entitlement issues.
On February 7, 2000, the President submitted the FY2001 budget to the
Congress. For L-HHS-ED discretionary appropriations, the request includes $106.1
billion in “current year” funding (funds from any bill for FY2001), and $107.1 billion
in “program level” funding (funds from the FY2001 bill for any year); these terms are
discussed later in the report (p. 8). Compared to FY2000 discretionary
appropriations, the FY2001 current year request represents a $20.6 billion increase
(24.1%), and an increase of $9.9 billion (10.2%) at the program level, for L-HHS-ED
programs. The House amended and passed H.R. 4577 on June 14, 2000, and the
Senate amended and passed its version of H.R. 4577 (S. 2553) on June 30, 2000.
U.S. Department of Labor (DOL): Increases of $100 million or more are
requested for the Workforce Investment Act, the State Unemployment Insurance and
Employment Service Operations, and Departmental Management. Current year DOL
discretionary funding is $8.8 billion; $12.4 billion is requested.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS): Increases of $100
million or more are requested for the Child Care and Development Block Grant, Ryan
White AIDS programs, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National
Institutes of Health, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration,
Head Start, and the Administration on Aging. The Public Health and Social Services

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CRS-15
Emergency Fund would be reduced by $223 million. Current year DHHS
discretionary funding is $40.3 billion; $45.0 billion is requested.
U.S. Department of Education (ED): Increases of $100 million or more are
requested for a School Renovation Initiative; Educational Technology; 21st Century
Community Learning Centers; Small, Safe, Successful High Schools; Title I Grants
to Local Educational Agencies; Teaching to High Standards; Class Size Reduction
and Teacher Assistance; other School Improvement programs; Special Education
State Grants; Pell Grants; and GEAR UP. Impact Aid, Goals 2000: Educate America
Act, and the Fund for the Improvement of Education would be reduced by $100
million or more. Eisenhower Professional Development grants and the Innovative
Education Strategies (block grant) program would be eliminated. Current year ED
discretionary funding is $29.4 billion; $40.1 billion is requested.
Related Agencies: Increases of at least $100 million are requested for the Social
Security Administration Administrative Expenses and Supplemental Security Income
(SSI). Current year discretionary funding is $8.1 billion; $8.7 billion is requested.
Legislative Branch
CRS Report RL30512, Appropriations for FY2001: Legislative Branch, by Paul
Dwyer.
Vote Status Table: [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]
Major legislation: H.R. 4516 (Conference Report H.Rept. 106-796)
House passage: 9/14/00 (212-209).
Senate failed to pass: 9/20/00 (28-69).
Update: The Senate failed to pass the combined Legislative Branch and Treasury-
Postal appropriations conference report (H.Rept. 106-796), on 9/20/00, by a vote of
28-69, vote #253. Earlier, on 9/14/00, the House had passed the conference report
by a vote of 212-209, vote #476.
Summary from CRS Report RL30512 (9/11/00):
On July 27, 2000, conferees issued the conference report on H.R. 4516, the
FY2001 legislative branch appropriations bill. The report contains $2.527 billion, a
2.1% increase over the FY2000 appropriation of $2.475 billion. The report also
contains $51.1 million in emergency FY2000 supplemental appropriations for the
legislative branch and the Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal
Housing Administration. Both the legislative branch and FY2000 supplemental
appropriations are contained in Division A of the bill. Division B contains provisions
of the FY2001 treasury and postal service appropriations bill and provisions repealing
the excise tax on telephone and other communications services. Later that day, the
House agreed to the rule waiving points of order against the conference report.
Of the $51.1 million in FY2000 emergency supplemental appropriations, $11.1
million is for legislative branch activities - $2.1million for the Capitol Police Board for
security, and $9 million for House office building repairs.

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CRS-16
H.R. 4516, as passed by the House, contained $1.914 billion (excluding Senate
items), a decrease of $9.8 million, or 0.5%, from the FY2000 appropriation of $1.924
billion. This figure was arrived at after the House adopted a floor amendment that
added $95.7 million to the bill as reported by the House Appropriations Committee.
As originally reported, the bill contained $1.818 billion, a reduction of $105.6 million,
or 5.5%, from the FY2000 level. H.R. 4516, as passed by the Senate, contained a
3.7% increase, to $1.721 billion (excluding House items) from $1.662 billion in
FY2000 (excluding House items).
At the end of June, the President signed into law (P.L. 106-246) a FY2000
supplemental appropriation of $17.5 million for Capitol Hill fire safety, contained in
H.R. 4425, the FY2001 military construction appropriations bill.
Among issues under consideration were proposals to: increase funds for the
Capitol Police to employ 100 - 115 additional officers to implement the Capitol Police
Board’s security plan; temporarily transfer administration of the Capitol Police to a
chief administrative office, under jurisdiction of the General Accounting Office; merge
Library and Government Printing Office police with the Capitol Police; provide
adequate funds for electronic document printing, the digital online program of the
Library of Congress, and enhancements to the legislative information system; fund the
support agencies’ staff succession programs to replace employees eligible for
retirement in the immediate future; and, authorize GAO more flexibility in a
reduction-in-force and authorities for voluntary early retirements and separation
payments.
At an appropriation level of $2.475 billion for FY2000, the legislative budget
accounts for 0.15% of the total federal budget.

Military Construction (with Supplemental)
CRS Report RL30510, Appropriations for FY2001: Military Construction, by Mary
T. Tyszkiewicz.
Vote Status Table: [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]
Major Legislation: P.L. 106-246 (7/13/00; 114 Stat. 511; 82 p.)
House conference passage: 6/29/00 (306-110).
Senate conference passage: 6/30/00 (uc).
Summary from CRS Report RL30510 (7/18/00):
The military construction (MilCon) appropriations bill finances (1) military
construction projects in the United States and overseas; (2) military family housing
operations and construction; (3) U.S. contributions to the NATO Security Investment
Program; and (4) most base realignment and closure costs.
This report reviews the appropriations and authorization process for military
construction. The congressional debate perennially centers on the adequacy of the
President’s budget for military construction needs and the necessity for congressional
add-ons, especially for Guard and Reserve projects. In recent years, Congress has

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CRS-17
frequently complained that the Pentagon has not adequately funded military
construction.
The Administration’s FY2001 budget request for military construction is $8.0
billion, which is 5.5% below the level provided in FY2000. This continues a
downward trend from the peak FY1996 level of $11.2 billion, the FY1997 level of
$9.8 billion, the FY1998 level of $9.3 billion, the FY1999 level of $9.0 billion and the
FY2000 level of $8.4 billion.
On May 16, 2000, the House passed the Military Construction Appropriations
Act FY2001 (H.R. 4425), by a 386-22 roll call vote. The House followed the House
Appropriations Committee’s lead and passed the $8.634 billion bill with only one
amendment.
On May 18, 2000, the Senate passed S. 2521, their version of the FY2001
Military Construction Appropriations bill, on a 95-4 vote. Because emergency
supplemental appropriations for FY2000 was added onto this bill, the conference
debate has focused on domestic and defense issues outside of military construction.
For background and comprehensive information on the FY2000 supplemental
funding, see CRS Report RL30457, Supplemental Appropriations for FY2000: Plan
Colombia, Kosovo, Foreign Debt Relief, Home Energy Assistance and Other
Initiatives, by Larry Nowels, et al. For background on the Kosovo operations, see
CRS Issue Brief IB98041, Kosovo and U.S. Policy, by Steve Woehrel, and CRS Issue
Brief IB10027, Kosovo: U.S. and Allied Military Operations, by Steve Bowman.
The Military Construction Appropriations conference report, recommending
$8.834 billion was approved by the House on June 29, 2000, and the Senate on June
30, 2000. It became P.L. 106-246 on July 13, 2000.
In authorization action, on May 18, 2000, the House approved its defense
authorization bill (H.R. 4205, H.Rept. 106-616). The Senate has debated its version
of the defense authorization bill (S.2549, S.Rept. 106-292) throughout June.
Transportation
CRS Report RL30508, Appropriations for FY2001: Department of Transportation
and Related Agencies, coordinated by Robert S. Kirk.
Vote Status Table: [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]
Major legislation: H.R. 4475
In conference.
House passage: 5/19/00 (395-13). Senate passage: 6/15/00 (99-0).
Summary from CRS Report RL30508 (8/11/00):
Both houses of Congress have passed somewhat different versions of the
FY2001 Department of Transportation (DOT) Appropriations Act (H.R. 4475). The
House of Representatives version provides total budgetary resources of $55.2 billion;
the Senate version provides $54.7 billion. The roughly $500 million difference is
partly an outgrowth of the lower budget cap that Senators had to work with. The

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CRS-18
House and Senate bills both provide significant increases above FY2000 enacted
funding for all major agencies except the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA).
However, compared to the House bill, there are two losers in the Senate bill. The
Senate bill provides almost $200 million less for the Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) and $257 million less for the Coast Guard. For the overall DOT budget, the
Senate bill represents a 9.5% increase over the FY2000 budget; the House bill
represents a nearly 10.5% increase.
The President’s FY2001 budget, released on February 7, 2000, had proposed
spending just under $55 billion for the DOT and related agencies. This would have
amounted to an increase of slightly more than 9% above the FY2000 level.
The House and Senate bills as well as the Administration’s request reflect the
continuing impact of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA21).
The House and Senate figures for highway funding and for mass transit are in
agreement and conform closely to TEA21's provisions. The bills raise highway
funding by over 6.5% and transit funding by almost 8.5%. The Administration’s
proposed increases of 5% for highways and roughly 9% for transit reflected the
Administration’s requested changes in TEA21's provisions for distribution of Revenue
Aligned Budget Authority (RABA) funds.
The enactment of FAIR21 (P.L. 106-181), which reauthorized the FAA through
FY2003, has had a major impact on the agency’s funding for FY2001. Both the
House and Senate-passed versions of H.R. 4475 provide for an increase in the FAA’s
total budgetary resources of well over 20%. In the House-passed version, both the
Airport Improvement Program (AIP) and the Facilities and Equipment (F&E) budget
are funded at the FAIR21 guaranteed level of $3.2 billion and $2.657 billion,
respectively. However, in a possible nonconformance with FAIR21, the Senate
initially funded AIP and F&E at the required levels but then provided for a transfer
of $120 million of AIP
contract authority to the FAA Operations and Maintenance (O&M) budget.
Most observers do not expect a difficult conference on H.R. 4475 but there are
still some issues to be resolved. These issues include: removing the Senate bill’s
transfer of $120 million of AIP funding that may not conform to FAIR21; language
to strengthen state drunk driver blood alcohol standards to 0.08%; raising the budget
allocation to increase the Coast Guard’s and FAA’s O&M budgets; motor carrier
“hours of service” rules; project earmarking; and spending restrictions related to the
corporate average fuel economy (CAFÉ) standards.

Treasury
CRS Report RL30502, Appropriations for FY2001: Treasury, Postal Service,
Executive Office of the President, and General Government, coordinated by
Sharon S. Gressle.
Vote Status Table: [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]

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Major legislation: H.Rept. 106-796 (Conference Report)
House: Conference report passed (9/14/00).
Senate: Conference report failed (9/20/00).
Summary from CRS Report RL30502 (9/21/00):
As the House and Senate returned from the August recess, there were three
versions of the Treasury, Postal Service and General Government FY2001
appropriations pending action. The House had passed, on July 20, H.R. 4871. The
Senate had reported, on July 20, S. 2900 and, on July 26, had voted to invoke cloture
to proceed with debate on H.R. 4871. The third version, H.R. 4985, was introduced
on July 26 as a new bill and reported from the Legislative Branch (H.R. 4516)
appropriations conference committee as Division B of that conference. The
Legislative Branch conference version of the Treasury measure would fund the
accounts at a substantially higher rate than the funding in the House-passed or
Senate-reported bills. On July 27, the rule for House consideration of the conference
version was adopted, by a narrow margin. However, the measure was not considered
by the House before adjournment. The House agreed to the conference report on
H.R. 4516 September 14. The Senate rejected the conference agreement on a 28-69
vote September 20. The future disposition of a funding measure for these accounts
is uncertain.
The FY2001 budget, submitted to Congress on February 7, 2000, requests $31.2
billion to fund the accounts covered through the Treasury, Postal Service, Executive
Office of the President, and General Government appropriations. The FY2000 funding
totals $28.257 billion, including mandatory funding (reflecting scorekeeping by the
Congressional Budget Office (CBO)). Incorporating the CBO scorekeeping for
FY2001, the budget would have mandatory accounts funded at $14.68 billion and
discretionary funding set at $16.5 billion. This is in comparison to the FY2000 funding
at $14.5 billion and $13.7 billion, respectively.
The House and Senate Appropriations Committees approved allocations to the
various appropriations. For the covered accounts, the House has approved
discretionary budget authority at $14.402 billion with outlays at $14.751 billion. The
Senate allocated $14.3 billion for budget authority and $14.566 billion for outlays.
While the congressional allocations are in disagreement with one another, they are
consistently lower than the requested funding. The conference (H.R. 4516/H.R. 4985)
measure would fund the discretionary accounts at $15.630 billion, significantly
beyond the allocations.
The House passed the Treasury/Postal Service bill on July 20, 2000. Under that
version, the total funding (using CBO scorekeeping tallies) would be $29.1 billion, of
which $14.4 billion would be for discretionary accounts. On July 20, the Senate
Appropriations Committee reported out a Treasury/Postal Service bill which would
total $29.2 billion, with $14.5 billion in discretionary funding.

Veterans Affairs/Housing and Urban Development
CRS Report RL30504, Appropriations for FY2001: VA, HUD, and Independent
Agencies, coordinated by Dennis W. Snook and E. Richard Bourdon.
Vote Status Table: [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]

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CRS-20
Major legislation: H.R. 4635
House: H.R. 4635 passed 6/21/00 (256-169).
Senate: Senate Appropriations Committee reported out S.Rept.106-410 on 9/13/00.
Update: Senate Appropriations Committee favorably reported out S.Rept. 106-410
on 9/13/00, by a vote of 27-1. FY2000 supplemental emergency funding for the
Federal Housing Administration of HUD was included in the conference report
combining the Legislative Branch and Treasury-Postal appropriations (H.Rept. 106-
796). On 9/14/00, the House passed the conference report; however, on 9/20/00, the
Senate failed to pass it.
Summary from CRS Report RL30504 (7/10/00):
House Approves FY2001 VA-HUD Bill: On June 21, 2000, the House passed
the FY2001 appropriations bill (H.R. 4635) for the Departments of Veterans Affairs
(VA) and Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and several independent
agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Science Foundation (NSF),
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and the Corporation for National
and Community Service (CNS). The bill would provide $101.3 billion, $2.1 billion
above the $99.2 billion appropriated last year, but $6.7 billion less than the House
Committee’s estimate of the Administration’s request for $107.9 billion for the
coming fiscal year. The bill assumes adoption of the Administration’s request that the
October 1, 2000 payment date (a Sunday) for VA compensation and pension
payments will be shifted to the previous Friday, thereby shifting mandatory spending
of $1.8 billion from FY2001 to FY2000.
The President’s FY2001 Request: According to House Appropriations
Committee estimates, the Administration’s request for VA, HUD, and Independent
Agencies FY2001 appropriations totals $107.9 billion. The request assumes $24.6
billion in mandatory spending for VA entitlements, and $83 billion (including $4.2
billion in advance FY2002 HUD funds) for discretionary programs funded through
the VA-HUD bill. The request assumes major increases in VA medical care spending,
adding $1.3 billion in new funds to FY2000 levels. HUD spending would increase by
$6.6 billion over FY2000, including the Administration’s proposed advance FY2002
appropriations of $4.2 billion, a move also enacted for FY2001 in the FY2000
appropriations bill.
FY2001 Congressional Budget Resolution (H.Con.Res. 290): The budget
resolution for FY2001 calls for an allocation for VA, HUD, and Independent
Agencies of about $400 million below the total provided for FY2000. VA would
receive a $1.5 billion increase in discretionary spending, most of which would increase
VA health care funding. Discretionary appropriations targets for the VA, HUD, and
Independent Agency appropriations subcommittees, known as “302(b) allocations,”
have been placed at $76.2 billion for the House, and $77.8 billion for the Senate.
P.L. 106-74 (H.R. 2684): The FY2000 bill provided $99.5 billion in FY2000
appropriations (current estimates revise the effect of the bill to $99.2 billion) for
programs covered under the Act, compared to $99.6 billion requested. As requested,
the bill incorporated $4.2 billion in advance FY2001 funding, and $2.9 billion in
rescissions of funds appropriated in previous years. P.L. 106-113 subsequently

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CRS-21
required 0.38% in across-the-board reductions, and these reductions lowered
appropriations of P.L. 106-74 by $285 million. Among agencies with funding
increases under P.L. 106-74 were VA medical care, up by $1.7 billion over FY1999
(the Administration requested a freeze), and HUD, up $2 billion above FY1999, or
about $2 billion less than the Administration request.
Supplemental for FY2000
CRS Report RL30457, Supplemental Appropriations for FY2000: Plan Colombia,
Kosovo, Foreign Debt Relief, Home Energy Assistance, and Other Initiatives,
by Larry Q. Nowels, Stephen Daggett, Curt Tarnoff, Curt, Nina Maria Serafino,
and Melinda T. Gish.
Summary from the 7/5/00 report:
On June 30, the Senate passed and cleared for the White House H.R. 4425, the
FY2001 Military Construction Appropriation bill that includes $11.2 billion for
FY2000 supplemental spending needs. As enacted, H.R. 4425 provides $1.3 billion
for the Colombian counternarcotics initiative (about the same as requested by the
President for FY2000/FY2001 combined), $2 billion, as proposed, for DOD
peacekeeping costs in Kosovo, about $4.5 billion for other defense requirements, $1.5
billion for Hurricane Floyd, Cerro Grande fire, and other natural disaster relief, and
$600 million for the Low Income Heating and Energy Assistance Program. H.R.
4425, however, rejects funding for poor country debt relief and most Balkan
assistance. The legislation further includes a change in the payment dates for Social
Security and Veterans benefits that will result in $4.2 billion higher spending in
FY2000 rather than FY2001. Some Senators oppose this switch in payment
schedules, and reportedly obtained Senate leadership agreement to attempt to rescind
these provisions legislation considered in July.
Earlier, the House and Senate took different legislative paths in considering the
President’s $5.7 billion supplemental request. The House took up a single FY2000
supplemental bill – H.R. 3908 – passing a $12.8 billion measure on March 30. The
Senate, however, decided to attach supplemental money to regular FY2001
appropriation bills: S. 2521 (Military Construction, passed by the Senate on May 18);
S. 2522 (Foreign Operations, passed by the Senate on June 22); and S. 2536
(Agriculture, reported by the Committee on May 10). Combined, the three Senate
measures recommended $8.6 billion in FY2000 supplemental spending. Ultimately,
congressional leaders decided to use H.R. 4425 — the House-passed Military
Construction Appropriation — as the vehicle for all supplemental issues.
Early in each new session of Congress, the Administration routinely submits
requests for supplemental appropriations for the current fiscal year. By late April
2000, through several submissions to Congress, President Clinton had requested $5
billion in FY2000 supplemental appropriations, including $955 million for a
counternarcotics initiative in Colombia and the Andean region, about $2 billion for
DOD peacekeeping operations in Kosovo, $600 million for diplomatic support and
economic aid related to Kosovo and the Balkans, $210 million for poor country debt
relief, $600 million for home energy assistance to low income American families
affected by high home heating oil prices and weather emergencies, and $426 million
for domestic disaster relief that mostly involves ongoing post-1999 hurricane cleanup

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CRS-22
efforts. The Administration designated nearly all as emergency requirements for
FY2000, thereby eliminating the need to reduce existing appropriations to offset the
costs of additional spending. The White House proposed a limited number of offsets,
rescissions, transfers, and delays in funding obligations totaling about $750 million.
The FY2000 supplemental request continues a pattern of the past few years in
which the President has asked, and Congress has approved large supplementals
generally focusing on defense, foreign policy, and domestic natural disasters and farm
relief initiatives. In most cases, Congress has increased the President’s proposed
supplementals, adding funds especially for domestic programs and defense. A
continuing controversy, however, has been the extent to which new appropriations
should be offset by cuts in existing funds. Since FY1997, Congress has agreed to
declare most supplementals as emergencies, adding a small amount of offsets.
Locating Agencies, Departments, and Programs in
Appropriation Bills
“I’m looking for a particular program, but I don’t know which appropriation bill
it’s in.” Federal agencies may receive funds from more than one appropriations act.
Consult the “Guide to Federal Programs” on the CRS FY2000 Appropriations
Products Page, or the Senate Appropriations Committee jurisdiction site; both
identify the major source of appropriated funds for federal agencies and programs.
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appprogs.html]
[http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/jurisd.htm]
Guide to Selected Federal Programs in Appropriation Bills
For a more detailed list, please use the Web sites listed above. The major source of
appropriated funds for each of the following federal agencies is identified below.
-A-
Agency for International Development (AID)—Foreign Operations
Aging Programs—Labor, HHS, Education
Agriculture Department—Agriculture
AIDS, National Commission on—Labor, HHS, Education
Air Force—Defense
Alternative Fuels Production— Interior
AmeriCorps—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Amtrak—Transportation
Anti-terrorism Organizations and Programs—Foreign Operations
Appalachian Regional Commission—Energy and Water
Architect of the Capitol—Legislative Branch
Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance—Transportation
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency—Commerce, Justice, State
Army—Defense
Army Corps of Engineers (Civil)—Energy and Water
Asian Development Fund and Bank—Foreign Operations
-B-
Black Lung Disability Insurance—Labor, HHS, Education
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF)—Treasury, Postal
Bureau of Indian Affairs—Interior

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CRS-23
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)—Labor, HHS, Education
Bureau of the Census—Commerce, Justice, State
-C-
Census—Commerce, Justice, State
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)—Labor, HHS, Education
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)—Defense
Child Care Assistance—Labor, HHS, Education
Child Nutrition—Agriculture
Child Support Enforcement—Labor, HHS, Education
Civil Corps of Engineers—Energy and Water
Clean Coal Technology—Interior
Coast Guard—Transportation
Commerce Department—Commerce, Justice, State
Commission on Civil Rights—Commerce, Justice, State
Commission of Fine Arts—Interior
Commission on Immigration Reform—Commerce, Justice, State
Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe—Commerce, Justice, State
Commodity Credit Corporation—Agriculture
Community Services Block Grant—Labor, HHS, Ed
Congressional Budget Office (CBO)—Legislative Branch
Congressional Expenses—Legislative Branch
Congressional Research Service (CRS)—Legislative Branch
Consumer Information Center—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Consumer Product Safety Commission—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Corporation for Public Broadcasting—Labor, HHS, Education
Customs Service—Treasury, Postal
-D-
Defense Agencies—Defense
Department of Agriculture—Agriculture
Department of the Army Corps of Engineer (Civil)—Energy and Water
Department of Commerce—Commerce, Justice, State
Department of Defense (DOD)—Defense
Department of Defense (Civil)—Energy and Water
Department of Education— Labor, HHS, Education
Department of Energy—Energy and Water, Interior, Defense
Department of Health and Human Services—Labor, HHS, Education
Department of Housing and Urban Development—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Department of the Interior—Interior
Department of Justice—Commerce, Justice, State
Department of Labor—Labor, HHS, Education
Department of State—Commerce, Justice, State
Department of Transportation—Transportation
Department of the Treasury—Treasury, Postal
Department of Veterans Affairs—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
DOD Base Closure Account—Military Construction
Drug Control Policy Office—Treasury, Postal
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)—Commerce, Justice, State
-E-
Economic Development Administration—Commerce, Justice, State
Economic Regional Administration—Interior
Education Department—Labor, HHS, Education
Emergency Preparedness—Interior
Employment and Training Administration—Labor, HHS, Education
Energy Department—Energy and Water (also, see Interior and Defense appropriations)
Energy Information Administration—Interior
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)—Commerce, Justice, State

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CRS-24
Executive Office of the President—Treasury, Postal
Export-Import Bank—Foreign Operations
-F-
Family Housing (Military)—Military Construction
Farm Credit Systems Financial Assistance Corporation—Agriculture
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)—Transportation
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)—Commerce, Justice, State
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)—Commerce, Justice, State
Federal Deposit Insurance Fund—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Federal Drug Control Program—Treasury, Postal
Federal Election Commission (FEC)—Treasury, Postal
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Federal Highway Administration—Transportation
Federal Labor Relations Authority—Treasury, Postal
Federal Mine Safely and Health Review—Labor, HHS, Education
Federal Procurement Policy Office—Treasury, Postal
Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corp. (FSLIC)—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)—Commerce, Justice, State
Fish and Wildlife Service—Interior
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)—Agriculture
Food Stamp Program—Agriculture
Foreign Military Program—Foreign Operations
Forest Service—Interior
Fossil Energy Research and Development—Interior
-G-
General Accounting Office (GAO)—Legislative Branch
General Services Administration (GSA)—Treasury, Postal
Government Ethics Office—Treasury, Postal
Government Printing Office (GPO)—Legislative Branch
-H-
Health and Human Services Department—Labor, HHS, Education
Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA)—Labor, HHS, Education
Historic Preservation—Interior
Highways—Transportation
Housing and Urban Development Department (HUD)—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
House of Representatives—Legislative Branch
-I-
Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)—Commerce, Justice, State
Indian Education—Interior
Indian Gaming Commission, National—Interior
Indian Health Services and Facilities—Interior
Institute of Museum Services—Interior
Inter-American Development Bank—Foreign Operations
Inter-American Foundation—Foreign Operations
Interior Department—Interior
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)—Treasury, Postal
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development—Foreign Operations
International Monetary Fund (IMF)—Foreign Operations
International Narcotics Control—Foreign Operations
International Trade Administration (ITA)—Commerce, Justice, State
International Trade Commission (ITC)—Commerce, Justice, State
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)—Transportation
-J-
Jobs Corps—Labor, HHS, Education
Judiciary—Commerce, Justice, State

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CRS-25
Justice Department—Commerce, Justice, State
-L-
Labor Department—Labor, HHS, Education
Legal Services Corporation—Commerce, Justice, State
Library of Congress—Legislative Branch
Library Services Office—Labor, HHS, Education
-M-
Marine Corps—Defense
Marine Mammal Commission—Commerce, Justice, State
Maritime Administration—Commerce, Justice, State
Market Promotion Program—Agriculture
Migration and Refugee Assistance—Foreign Operations
Mine Safety and Health Administration—Labor, HHS, Education
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency—Foreign Operations
-N-
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)—Veterans, HUD
National Endowment for the Humanities—Interior
National Endowment for Democracy—Commerce, Justice, State
National Forest—Interior
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration—Transportation
National Institutes of Health (NIH)—Labor, HHS, Education
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)—Labor, HHS, Education
National Park Service—Interior
National Science Foundation—Veterans
National Security Council—Treasury, Postal
National Transportation Safety Board—Transportation
NATO Infrastructure—Military Construction
Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation Commission—Interior
Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves—Interior
Navy—Defense
Nonproliferation and Disarmament Fund—Foreign Operations
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)—Energy and Water
-O-
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)—Labor, HHS, Education
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)—Treasury, Postal
Office of Personnel Management (OPM)—Treasury, Postal
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative—Commerce, Justice, State
Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)—Foreign Operations
-P-
Peace Corps—Foreign Operations
Peace Keeping Operations—Foreign Operations
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) —Labor, HHS, Education
Physicians Payment Review Commission—Labor, HHS, Education
Points of Light Foundation—Veterans
Postal Service—Treasury, Postal
President—Treasury, Postal
Procurement Policy, Office of Federal—Treasury, Postal
Prospective Payment Assessment Commission—Labor, HHS, Education
Public Health Service—Labor, HHS, Education
-R-
Railroad Administration, Federal—Transportation
Railroad Retirement Board—Labor, HHS, Education
Resolution Trust Corporation—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Rural—Agriculture

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CRS-26
-S-
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)—Commerce, Justice, State
Secret Service—Treasury, Postal
Selective Service—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Senate—Legislative Branch
Small Business Administration (SBA)—Commerce, Justice, State
Smithsonian Institution—Interior
Social Security Administration (SSA)—Labor, HHS, Education
State Department—Commerce, Justice, State
Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR)—Interior
-T-
Tax Court—Treasury, Postal
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)—Energy and Water
Trade and Development Agency—Foreign Operations
Trade Representative—Commerce, Justice, State
Transportation Department (DOT)—Transportation
Treasury Department—Treasury, Postal
-U-
U.S. Information Agency (USIA)—Commerce, Justice, State
-V-
Veterans Department (VA)—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Violent Crime Reduction Programs—Treasury, Postal
VISTA—Labor, HHS, Education
-W-
Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority—Transportation
White House—Treasury, Postal
Women, Infants and Children Program (WIC)—Agriculture
World Bank—Foreign Operations
Other CRS Appropriation/Budget Products
Appropriations and Budget Process
CRS Report 97-684, The Congressional Appropriations Process: an Introduction,
by Sandy Streeter.

CRS Report 98-721, Introduction to the Federal Budget Process, by Robert Keith.
Budget (FY2001)
CRS Issue Brief IB10052, Budget for Fiscal Year 2001, by Philip D. Winters.
CRS Report RL30499, Budget FY2001: A Chronology with Internet Access, by Pearl
Thomas.
CRS Report RL30583, The Economics of the Federal Budget Surplus, by Brian
Cashell.

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CRS-27
Debt
CRS Report RL30520, The National Debt: Who Bears its Burden?, by Gail E.
Makinen.
CRS Report RS20302, Paying Down the Federal Debt: A Discussion of Methods,
by James M. Bickley.
CRS Report RL30614, What if the National Debt Were Eliminated? Some
Economic Consequences, by Marc Labonte.
Economy
CRS Report RL30329, Current Economic Conditions and Selected Forecasts, by
Gail E. Makinen.
Fact Sheets on Budget and Appropriation Topics
CRS Fact Sheets provide short explanations of budget concepts, terminology, the
congressional and executive budget process, budget resolutions and reconciliation
measures, the authorization and appropriations process, entitlements and discretionary
spending, the Budget Enforcement Act and sequestration, surplus/deficits, and the
debt limit.
[http://lcweb.loc.gov/crs/legproc/newformat/CRSFactSheets/BudgetTopics.html]
Research and Development
CRS Issue Brief IB10051, Research and Development Funding: Fiscal Year 2001,
Michael E. Davey.
Social Security Surplus
CRS Report RL30353, Discretionary Spending Limits and Social Security Surplus,
by Robert Keith.
CRS Report 98-422, Social Security and the Federal Budget: What Does Social
Security’s Being “Off-Budget” Mean?, by David Stuart Koitz.
CRS Report 94-593, Social Security Taxes: Where Do Surplus Taxes Go and How
Are They Used?, David Stuart Koitz.
Vetoes of Appropriations
CRS Report RS20568, Annual Appropriations Acts Vetoed by the President:
FY1977-2000, by Robert Keith.

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CRS-28
Internet Access
Appropriations Analysis/Vote Status Table (CRS)
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html]
Appropriation Bills, Reports, Laws, Veto Messages
(Full-text covers FY1997-FY2001.)
[http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/legislation/appro.html]
Appropriation Web Sites, Publications, Membership, Jurisdiction
House: [http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/house/house02.html]
Senate: [http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate/senate03.html]
Budget Process Institutes (CRS)
CRS offers introductory and advanced seminars designed to provide a foundation for
understanding the federal budget process. Overview of the Federal Budget Process:
12/4/00; The President and the Budget (Advanced): 12/6/00.
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/briefing.html]
Budget Timetable
[http://www.house.gov/rules/budget_time.htm]
CBO Budget/Appropriation Reports
The following selected reports may be accessed through [http://www.cbo.gov]:
An Analysis of the President’s Budgetary Proposals for Fiscal Year 2001
[http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1908&sequence=0&from=7]
Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2001-2010
[http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1820&sequence=0&from=7]
Budget Options
(Discusses major proposals and policy options to increase spending or cut taxes.)
[http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1845&sequence=0&from=7]
Cost Estimates of Legislation (CBO)
“CBO prepares cost estimates and mandates statements for all bills ordered reported
by a full committee of the Congress.” Search by bill number, word or phrase,
committee, or budget function. [http://www.cbo.gov/costextend.shtml]
Current Status of Discretionary Appropriations (CBO)
CBO estimates of the 13 appropriation subcommittees emergency and non-emergency
discretionary appropriations showing budget authority and outlays for 302(b)
allocations, current status, and current status less allocation. (Located at the bottom
of the CBO Home Page under “Data Highlights.”) [http://www.cbo.gov/]
Debt
Bureau of the Public Debt: [http://www.publicdebt.treas.gov/opd/opd.htm]

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CRS-29
Fact Sheets on Budget and Appropriation Topics (CRS)
CRS Fact Sheets provide short explanations of budget concepts, terminology, the
congressional and executive budget process, budget resolutions and reconciliation
measures, the authorization and appropriations process, entitlements and discretionary
spending, the Budget Enforcement Act and sequestration, surplus/deficits, and the
debt limit.
[http://lcweb.loc.gov/crs/legproc/newformat/CRSFactSheets/BudgetTopics.html]
Glossaries
CRS: [http://lcweb.loc.gov/crs/legproc/newformat/Glossary/CQDictionaryNF.html]
CBO: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1059&sequence=14]
OMB: [http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/circulars/a11/99toc.html] (See “Part I,
Chapter 1, General Information about the Budget: Terms and Concepts”)
Senate: [http://www.senate.gov/~budget/republican/reference/cliff_notes/cliffapi.htm]
Legislative Alert (CRS)
Provides a list of this week’s projected floor votes and CRS analysis.
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/legalert.html]
Monthly Budget Review (CBO)
Includes budget surplus projections.
[http://www.cbo.gov/byclasscat.cfm?class=0&cat=35]
Rules Committee—House (Special Rules on Appropriation Bills)
(At this Web site, scroll down the page for a listing of special rules reported.)
[http://www.house.gov/rules/special_rules.htm]
Supplemental Requests and Budget Amendments (OMB)
[http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2001/amndsup.html]
302(b) Spending Allocations for Appropriation Subcommittees
House: [http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/legislation/01appro.html#housesub]
H.Rept. 106-761 (revised 7/19/00), H.Rept. 106-729 (revised 7/12/00), H.Rept.
106-686 (revised 6/21/00), H.Rept. 106-683 (revised 6/20/00), H.Rept. 106-660
(revised 6/8/00), H.Rept. 106-656 (revised 6/7/00), H.Rept. 106-623 (revised
5/17/00), H.Rept. 106-617 (5/15/00).
Senate: [http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/legislation/01appro.html#senate01]
S.Rept. 106-414 (revised 9/20/00), S.Rept.106–350 (revised 7/20/00), S.Rept. 106-
346 (revised 7/1800), S.Rept. 106-311 (revised 6/22/00), S.Rept. 106-308 (revised
6/8/00), S.Rept. 106-303 (revised 5/23/00), S.Rept. 106-296 (5/17/00).
Unauthorized Appropriations and Expiring Authorizations (CBO)
The purpose of this three—volume CBO report is to “help the Congress adopt
authorizing legislation that should be in place before it considers the 13 regular
appropriation bills for the fiscal year.” Provides tables and lists by House and Senate
authorizing committees and by appropriation subcommittees, and includes programs,
public laws, and dollar amounts.
(Only the House authorizing committees volume is available on the CBO web page):
[http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1812&sequence=0&from=7]

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CRS-30
To obtain paper copies of the other two volumes (Senate authorizing committees and
Appropriations subcommittees) call the CBO publications office at 6-2809.
Veto Indications (OMB)
The Administration’s viewpoint on appropriation bills can be found in the Statements
of Administration Policy (SAPs).
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/2000/appropriations.html]
Appropriations Process
Appropriations Sequence
The congressional budget and appropriations sequence ideally flows as shown
below. However, in practice, the process is rarely so simple. The following links
from GPO provide comprehensive access to the House and Senate Budget and
Appropriation Committee web sites, publications, hearings, prints, legislation,
membership, jurisdiction, and rules.
[http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/house/hclinks.html]
[http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate/sclinks.html]
! President presents his budget proposals to Congress by the first
Monday in February. [http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/]
! House and Senate Budget Committees hold hearings on the
President’s budget, with testimony from the Administration, CBO,
Federal Reserve, and others. [http://www.house.gov/budget/],
[http://www.senate.gov/~budget/]
! CBO, which is an independent support agency for Congress, assists
the Budget committees through the process with reports on
economic forecasts, budgetary analysis, and deficit/surplus options,
including The Economic and Budget Outlook (and Update issued in
July), An Analysis of the President’s Budget Proposals, and Budget
Options. [http://www.cbo.gov]
! House and Senate Budget Committees receive Views and Estimates
on spending and revenues from all full committees 6 weeks after the
President’s budget is received.
! House and Senate Budget Committees report budget resolutions to
the House and Senate, respectively.
! Each Chamber debates and considers amendments to the original
resolution.
! Each Chamber adopts a budget resolution, with differences between
the two versions resolved in a conference committee.

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! Each Chamber adopts the final version. The budget resolution is not
signed by the President and does not become public law.
! House and Senate Appropriations committees and subcommittees
hold hearings to review budget justifications from each federal
agency. Each Appropriations subcommittee holds markups, in which
they consider amendments and formulate the regular bill under their
jurisdiction. Each subsequently reports its version to their respective
Appropriations Committee.
! Full House and Senate Appropriations Committees hold markups on
their subcommittees’ versions and report the committees’ versions to
their respective Chambers.
! House and Senate debate, consider amendments, and pass each
regular bill; differences between the House- and Senate-passed bills
are resolved in conference committee. The final version is adopted
by both Chambers and sent to the President. If the bill is approved,
it becomes law. Generally, either all 13 regular bills are enacted
separately, or some are enacted together in an omnibus measure.
! White House indications of opposition or support to appropriation
and non-appropriation legislation scheduled for floor action in the
second session 106th Congress, called Statements of Administration
Policy (SAPs) are located at:
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/2000/appropriat
ions.html]
! House and Senate adopt continuing resolutions to provide short-term
funding if the regular bills are not enacted by the October 1 deadline.
Appropriations and Budget Process Overview
(Most of the following is excerpted from CRS Report RL30001, 106th Congress:
Key Issues and Early Agenda, p. 7-10.)
Many of the key issues that Congress faces each year are addressed through
budgetary legislation or legislation that has important budgetary components. As a
consequence, the legislative agenda is closely tied to the requirements and constraints
of the federal budget process.

President’s Budget. Following many months of development by the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) and the executive agencies, the President’s budget
is submitted to Congress. Under current law, the deadline for the budget submission
is the first Monday in February. Congress considers the President’s budget
recommendations through a decentralized committee system that involves multiple
budget processes. (See Table 2. Administration Requests/Amounts Enacted:
FY1981-FY1999.)

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Budget Resolution. Before Congress acts on individual spending and revenue
legislation to implement budget policies, it is required (by the Congressional Budget
Act of 1974, as amended) to fashion its own budget plan in the form of a concurrent
resolution. The budget resolution, under the jurisdiction of House and Senate Budget
Committees, is not sent to the President for approval or veto. Instead, it is enforced
through the rules and procedures of each Chamber.
The budget resolution sets overall fiscal and budgetary policy; specific
programmatic decisions are left to the revenue and spending committees. Final House
and Senate action on the budget resolution is scheduled for completion by April 15.
While the House and Senate often complete initial action by this date, final action is
sometimes not completed until weeks, or even months, later.
Implementation of the Budget. Revenue and borrowing decisions fall within
the jurisdiction of the House Ways and Means Committee and the Senate Finance
Committee. Spending decisions are decided along two tracks: discretionary and
direct (or mandatory) funding. (See Table 3. Discretionary/Mandatory Outlays:
FY1981-1999.)
Discretionary Spending. Roughly one-third of all federal spending is
discretionary spending, which is under the jurisdiction of the House and Senate
Appropriations Committees, is provided annually in regular, supplemental, and
continuing appropriations acts. (Discretionary funding, accounted for 33.8%, or $575
billion of total federal spending, $1,703 billion, in FY1999.)
Direct (or Mandatory) Spending. Direct spending largely involves entitlement
and other mandatory programs (such as Social Security, Medicare, federal retirement,
and unemployment insurance), and is under the jurisdiction of the Ways and Means
and Finance Committees, as well as other House and Senate legislative committees,
and is provided in substantive legislation. (Direct spending accounted for 66.2% or
$1,128.1 billion of all spending, $1,703 billion, in FY1999. Of that amount,
entitlement programs accounted for 55.1%, or $938.8 billion, interest on the national
debt accounted for approximately 13.5%, or $229.7 billion, and undistributed
offsetting receipts accounted for -2.4%, or -$40.4 billion.)
Reconciliation Legislation. For the most part, revenues and direct spending
flow automatically each year without any legislative action. Congress, however,
usually decides each year to make some changes in revenue and direct spending laws.
Since 1980, Congress has used an optional reconciliation process in conjunction
with the budget resolution. The process allows the House and Senate to instruct
committees, in the budget resolution, to develop legislation by a particular deadline
that conforms existing revenue and direct spending law to budget resolution policies.
The legislative recommendations of the instructed committees usually are
consolidated into an omnibus bill in each Chamber, which is considered under
expedited procedures.
Reconciliation has been used 11 times since 1980, resulting in the enactment of
14 separate reconciliation bills. For many years, the reconciliation process was used
primarily to reduce the deficit (often through a combination of spending cuts and

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CRS-33
revenue increases) and, in some instances, to increase the debt limit. Recently,
reconciliation also has been used to reduce revenues and to increase spending for
some programs. Two reconciliation bills, one dealing principally with revenue matters
and the other with direct spending, were enacted in 1997 to implement the 1997
budget summit agreement. In view of the many changes in budget and tax policy
expected to be considered in 2000, the House and Senate may well use the
reconciliation process again.
Budget Resolution Enforcement and Sequestration. Budget resolution
policies are enforced under the 1974 Congressional Budget Act by the reconciliation
process and by point-of-order provisions that operate as House and Senate rules.
Although enforcement procedures under the 1974 Act are extensive, reconciliation
potentially is the most important enforcement tool for revenue and direct spending
legislation; annual appropriations measures are controlled principally by allocations
of spending made to the Appropriations Committees and their subcommittees under
Section 302 of the Act (the so-called 302(b) allocations and subdivisions).
Congressional action on budgetary legislation also is influenced by enforcement
procedures under the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985,
as amended by the Budget Enforcement Act (BEA) of 1990 and other laws. Under
a sequestration process in the Act, automatic spending reductions are made toward
the end of the congressional session if, in the judgment of the director of the Office
of Management and Budget, certain budgetary goals specified in the law are not met.
Discretionary spending is controlled by adjustable discretionary spending limits,
while legislation affecting revenues or direct spending is subject to a deficit-neutral,
“pay-as-you-go” (PAYGO) requirement. In 1997, these procedures were extended
to bills considered through FY2002. The congressional budget process is linked in
various ways to the statutory discretionary spending limits and PAYGO requirement.
The President gives Congress a preliminary assessment of the likelihood of a
sequester in his sequestration preview report, included in his February budget
submission. These figures are updated in the Mid-Session Review, usually issued in
July by OMB. At first, sequestration was viewed as giving the President and
Congress a strong incentive to reach agreement on budgetary goals, thereby avoiding
the legislative deadlock that characterized the early 1980s. With the emergence of a
surplus, however, some Members have questioned the need for continuing the BEA
procedures. They argue that the BEA procedures should be eliminated, or at least
substantially modified, so that Congress and the President can “use” the surplus for
tax cuts and other actions otherwise prohibited.
For more detailed information, see CRS Report 98-721, Introduction to the
Federal Budget Process; CRS Report 98-720, Manual on the Federal Budget
Process (184 p.); and CRS Report 97-684, The Congressional Appropriations
Process: An Introduction.

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Table 2. Administration Requests/Amounts Enacted: FY1981-FY1999
(amounts in thousands)
Difference
Calendar
Amount Requested
(under -)
Year
by President
Amount Enacted
(over +)
1981
541,827,828
554,457,423,541
+2,629,596
1982
507,740,133
514,832,375,371
+7,092,242
1983
542,956,052
551,620,505,328
+8,664,453
1984
576,343,259
559,151,835,986
-17,191,423
1985
588,698,504
583,446,885,087
-5,251,619
1986
590,345,199
577,279,102,494
-13,066,097
1987
618,268,049
614,526,518,150
-3,741,531
1988
621,250,664
625,967,372,769
+4,716,709
1989
652,138,432
666,211,680,769
+14,073,249
1990
704,510,962
697,257,739,756
-7,253,221,750
1991
756,428,167
748,448,989,695
-7,979,177
1992
776,072,233
764,493,307,753
-11,578,925
1993
818,126,396
788,612,997,811
-29,513,398
1994
786,217,794
783,750,778,821
-2,467,015
1995
804,207,430
761,097,095,624
-43,110,334
1996
801,214,439
793,403,351,752
-7,811,087
1997
799,196,397
787,614,001,680
-11,582,395
1998
859,790,825
864,003,763
+4,212,938
1999
916,654,274
920,554,725
+3,900,451
Source: House Committee on Appropriations, 4/4/00.

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Table 3. Discretionary/Mandatory Outlays: FY1981-FY1999
(in billions of dollars)
Entitlement/
Fiscal
Discretionary
Net
Offsetting
Other Mandatory
Total
Year
Spending
Interest
Receipts
Spending
1981
307.9
339.4
68.8
-37.9
678.2
1982
325.9
370.8
85.0
-36.0
745.8
1983
353.3
410.6
89.8
-45.3
808.4
1984
379.4
405.6
111.1
-44.2
851.9
1985
415.7
448.3
129.5
-47.1
946.4
1986
438.5
461.8
136.0
-45.9
990.5
1987
444.2
474.2
138.7
-52.9
1,004.1
1988
464.4
505.1
151.8
-56.8
1,064.5
1989
488.8
549.6
169.0
-63.8
1,143.7
1990
500.5
627.0
184.4
-58.7
1,253.2
1991
533.3
702.3
194.5
-105.7
1,324.4
1992
534.6
716.1
199.4
-68.4
1,381.7
1993
541.0
736.5
198.7
-66.6
1,409.5
1994
543.9
783.6
203.0
-68.5
1,461.9
1995
545.7
817.7
232.2
-79.7
1,515.8
1996
534.5
856.9
241.1
-71.9
1,560.6
1997
548.9
896.3
244.0
-88.0
1,601.3
1998
554.7
938.6
241.2
-81.9
1,652.6
1999
575.0
976.8
229.7
-78.4
1,703.0
Source: Congressional Budget Office. The Economic and Budget Outlook: Fiscal Years 2001-
2010. January 2000. Washington, GPO, 1999. Table E-8, p. 144.

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