Order Code RL30512
CRS Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
Appropriations for FY2001:
Legislative Branch
Updated September 11, 2000
Paul E. Dwyer
Specialist in American National Government
Government and Finance Division
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress
Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget
resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and
budget reconciliation bills. The process begins with the President’s budget request and is
bounded by the rules of the House and Senate, the Congressional Budget and Impoundment
Control Act of 1974 (as amended), the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990, and current program
authorizations.
This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress considers
each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate
Appropriations Subcommittees on Legislative Branch Appropriations. It summarizes the
current legislative status of the bill, its scope, major issues, funding levels, and related
legislative activity. The report lists the key CRS staff relevant to the issues covered and
related CRS products.
This report is updated as soon as possible after major legislative developments, especially
following legislative action in the committees and on the floor of the House and Senate.
NOTE: A Web version of this document with
active links is available to congressional staff at
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html]
Appropriations for FY2001: Legislative Branch
Summary
On July 27, 2000, conferees issued the conference report on H.R. 4516, the
FY2001 legislative branch appropriations bill. The report contains $2.527 billion, a
2.1% increase over the FY2000 appropriation of $2.475 billion. The report also
contains $51.1 million in emergency FY2000 supplemental appropriations for the
legislative branch and the Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal
Housing Administration. Both the legislative branch and FY2000 supplemental
appropriations are contained in Division A of the bill. Division B contains provisions
of the FY2001 treasury and postal service appropriations bill and provisions repealing
the excise tax on telephone and other communications services. Later that day, the
House agreed to the rule waiving points of order against the conference report.
Of the $51.1 million in FY2000 emergency supplemental appropriations, $11.1
million is for legislative branch activities – $2.1million for the Capitol Police Board
for security, and $9 million for House office building repairs.
H.R. 4516, as passed by the House, contained $1.914 billion (excluding Senate
items), a decrease of $9.8 million, or 0.5%, from the FY2000 appropriation of $1.924
billion. This figure was arrived at after the House adopted a floor amendment that
added $95.7 million to the bill as reported by the House Appropriations Committee.
As originally reported, the bill contained $1.818 billion, a reduction of $105.6 million,
or 5.5%, from the FY2000 level. H.R. 4516, as passed by the Senate, contained a
3.7% increase, to $1.721 billion (excluding House items) from $1.662 billion in
FY2000 (excluding House items).
At the end of June, the President signed into law (P.L. 106-246) a FY2000
supplemental appropriation of $17.5 million for Capitol Hill fire safety, contained in
H.R. 4425, the FY2001 military construction appropriations bill.
Among issues under consideration were proposals to:
! increase funds for the Capitol Police to employ 100 - 115 additional officers to
implement the Capitol Police Board’s security plan;
! temporarily transfer administration of the Capitol Police to a chief
administrative office, under jurisdiction of the General Accounting Office;
! merge Library and Government Printing Office police with the Capitol Police;
! provide adequate funds for electronic document printing, the digital online
program of the Library of Congress, and enhancements to the legislative
information system;
! fund the support agencies’ staff succession programs to replace employees
eligible for retirement in the immediate future; and,
! authorize GAO more flexibility in a reduction-in-force and authorities for
voluntary early retirements and separation payments.
At an appropriation level of $2.475 billion for FY2000, the legislative budget
accounts for 0.15% of the total federal budget.
Key Policy Staff
CRS
Area of Expertise
Name
Division
Tel.
Appropriations Process
James Saturno
GOV/FIN
7-2381
Appropriations Process
Sandy Streeter
GOV/FIN
7-8646
Committee Funds
Paul Rundquist
GOV/FIN
7-5846
Legislative Funds and Operations
Paul Dwyer
GOV/FIN
7-8668
Legislative Funds and Operations
Lorraine Tong
GOV/FIN
7-5846
Legislative Operations and Administration Mildred Amer
GOV/FIN
7-8304
Legislative Staff, Mail, and Operations
John Pontius
GOV/FIN
7-6733
Division abbreviations: GOV/FIN = Government and Finance
Contents
Most Recent Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Developments This Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Submission of FY2001 Budget Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Actions on the House FY2001 Legislative Funding Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Actions on the Senate FY2001 Legislative Funding Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Actions on the FY2001 Conference Report on H.R. 4516 . . . . . . . . . . 7
Action on a Rescission and Supplemental to FY2000 Legislative Branch
Appropriations (P.L. 106-113) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Action on a Second Bill Containing a FY2000 Supplemental for the
Legislative Branch (H.R. 3908) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Action on a Third Bill Containing a FY2000 Supplemental for the
Legislative Branch (S. 2536 and H.R. 4461) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Action on a Fourth Bill Containing a FY2000 Supplemental for the
Legislative Branch (H.R. 4425) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Major Issues Driving Discussions on the FY2001 Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Overall Funding Level Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Flat Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Modest Increase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Budget Decrease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Technology Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Security of Legislative Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
House and Senate Legislative Information Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
House System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Senate System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Fire Safety in Congressional Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
House and Senate Committee Funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
House Committee Funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Senate Committee Funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Security Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Capitol Complex Security Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Other Security Activities of the Capitol Police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Funding for the Capitol Police Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Administration of Security Enhancement Money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Proposed Merger of Library of Congress and Government Printing Office
Uniformed Officers with the Capitol Police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Recent Appropriations for Security Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Capitol Visitors’ Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Architect of the Capitol Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Architect of the Capitol Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Botanic Garden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Support Agency Funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Congressional Budget Office Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
General Accounting Office Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Library of Congress Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Library of Congress, Except CRS (in Title II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Congressional Research Service (in Title I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Government Printing Office (GPO) Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Major Funding Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Guide to Determining Legislative Budget Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
For Additional Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
CRS Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Selected World Wide Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
List of Figures
Figure 1. Title I and Title II of the FY2000 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act
(P.L. 106-57), including a Rescission and Supplemental (P.L. 106-113) and a Second
Supplemental (P.L. 106-246) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Figure 2: Legislative Branch Appropriations, FY1995-FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Figure 3: Legislative Branch Appropriations, FY1995-FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Figure 4: Appropriations for the Architect, FY1995-FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Figure 5: Appropriations for the Architect, FY1995-FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Figure 6: Appropriations for CBO, FY1996–FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Figure 7: Appropriations for CBO, FY1996–FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Figure 8: Appropriations for GAO, FY1995–FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Figure 9: Appropriations for GAO, FY1995-FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Figure 10: Appropriations for LOC, Excluding CRS, FY1995–FY2000 . . . . . . . 28
Figure 11: Appropriations for LOC, Excluding CRS, FY1995–FY2000 . . . . . . . 29
Figure 12: Appropriations for CRS, FY1995–FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Figure 13: Appropriations for CRS, FY1995–FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Figure 14: Appropriations for GPO, FY1995–FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Figure 15: Appropriations for GPO, FY1995-FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
List of Tables
Table 1: Status of Legislative Branch Appropriations, FY2001, H.R. 4516,
S. 2603 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Table 2. Legislative Branch Appropriations, FY1995 to FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Table 3. Legislative Branch Appropriations, FY2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Table 4. Senate Items, FY2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Table 5. House of Representatives Items, FY2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 6. Legislative Branch Budget Authority Contained in Appropriations Acts,
FY1995-FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 7. Legislative Branch Budget Authority Contained in Appropriations Acts,
FY1995-FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Appropriations for FY2001:
Legislative Branch
Most Recent Developments
On July 27, 2000, conferees issued the conference report on H.R. 4516, the
FY2001 legislative branch appropriations bill. The report contains $2.527 billion,
a 2.1% increase over the FY2000 appropriation of $2.475 billion. The report also
contains $51.1 million in emergency FY2000 supplemental appropriations for the
legislative branch and the Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal
Housing Administration. Both the legislative branch and FY2000 supplemental
appropriations are contained in Division A of the bill. Division B contains provisions
of the FY2001 treasury and postal service appropriations bill and provisions
repealing the excise tax on telephone and other communications services. Later on
July 27, the House agreed to the rule waiving points of order against the conference
report.
Of the $51.1 million in FY2000 emergency supplemental appropriations
contained in the conference report, $11.1 million is for legislative branch activities
– $2.1million for the Capitol Police Board for security enhancements, and $9 million
for repairs to the garage of the Cannon House office building.
H.R. 4516, as passed by the House, contained $1.914 billion (excluding Senate
items), a decrease of $9.8 million, or 0.5%, from the FY2000 appropriation of $1.924
billion. This figure was arrived at after the House adopted a floor amendment that
added $95.7 million to the bill as reported by the House Appropriations Committee.
As originally reported, the bill contained $1.818 billion, a reduction of $105.6
million, or 5.5%, from the FY2000 level. H.R. 4516, as passed by the Senate,
contained a 3.7% increase, to $1.721 billion (excluding House items) from $1.662
billion in FY2000 (excluding House items).
The House of Representatives passed its version of the FY2001 legislative branch
appropriations bill, H.R. 4516, on June 22, 2000. H.R. 4516, as passed, contained
$1.914 billion (excluding Senate items), a decrease of $9.8 million, or 0.5%, from the
FY2000 appropriation of $1.924 billion.1 This figure was arrived at after the House
adopted a floor amendment that added $95.7 million to the bill as reported by the
House Appropriations Committee. The bill, as originally reported, contained $1,818
billion (excluding Senate items). This represented a 5.5% reduction from the $1.924
billion approved for FY2000.
1 The FY2000 appropriations base used by the House Appropriations Committee
contains a $17.1 million supplemental appropriation in H.R. 3908, passed by the House on
March 30, 2000.
CRS-2
The Senate passed H.R. 4516, by unanimous consent, on June 17, after
incorporating the text of S. 2603, as amended. Earlier, the Senate considered S. 2603
on May 24, and on May 25, by a vote of 98-2, agreed to a motion to advance S. 2603
to the third reading. Subsequently the bill was engrossed and returned to the Senate
calendar. Previously, the Senate minority leader had stated his intention of seeking
to postpone Senate passage until after the House considered its version. As passed
by the Senate, H.R. 4516 contains $1.721 billion (excluding House items), a 3.7%
increase from $1.662 billion in FY2000 (excluding House items).2
At the end of June, the President signed into law (P.L. 106-246) a FY2000
supplemental appropriation of $17.5 million to the Architect of the Capitol for
Capitol Hill fire safety, contained in H.R. 4425, FY2001 Military Construction
Appropriations. This supplemental previously was contained in S. 2536, the FY2001
agriculture, rural development, food and drug administration, and related agencies
appropriations bill. S. 2536, as reported, contained $17.1 million for fire safety, an
amount also contained in the House-passed version of H.R. 3908, which was put on
hold. When the Senate passed H.R. 4461, the House version of the agriculture
funding bill, amended to contain the language of S. 2526, the $17.1 million for fire
safety was deleted.
Introduction
Effective in FY1978, the legislative branch appropriations bill has been divided
into two titles. Title I, Congressional Operations, contains budget authorities for
activities directly serving Congress. Included in this title are the budgets of the House,
the Senate, Joint Items (joint House and Senate activities), the Office of Compliance,
the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the Architect of the Capitol (AOC) (except
the Library of Congress (LOC) buildings and grounds), the Congressional Research
Service (CRS) within the Library of Congress, and congressional printing and binding
activities of the Government Printing Office (GPO).
Title II, Related Agencies, contains budgets for activities not directly supporting
Congress. Included in this title are the budgets of the Botanic Garden, the Library of
Congress (except the Congressional Research Service), the Library buildings and
grounds maintained by the Architect of the Capitol, the Government Printing Office
(except congressional printing and binding costs), and the General Accounting Office
(GAO). Periodically since FY1978, the legislative bill has contained additional titles
for such purposes as capital improvements and special one-time functions.
2 The FY2000 appropriation base used by the Senate in the Senate Appropriations
Committee report did not contain a $17.1 million FY2000 supplemental appropriation in H.R.
3908, as passed by the House on March 30, 2000. The House Appropriations Committee
included the $17.1 million in its FY2000 appropriation base.
CRS-3
In FY2000, Title I budget authority was 69.5% of the total appropriation of
$2.475 billion, including a rescission and supplementals.3 Title II budget authority was
30.5% of the total appropriation. In
addition, there is legislative budget
Figure 1. Title I and Title II of the FY2000
Legislative Branch Appropriations Act ( P.L.
authority that is not included in the annual
106-57), including a Rescission and
legislative branch appropriations act or
Supplemental (P.L. 106-113) and a Second
supplemental appropriations acts. It
Supplemental (P.L. 106-246)
includes permanent budget authority for
(in thousands of current dollars)
both federal funds and trust funds, and
other budget authority.4
Permanent federal funds are available
as the result of previously enacted
legislation and do not require annual
action.5
Permanent trust funds are monies held
in accounts credited with collections from
specific sources earmarked by law for a defined purpose. Trust funds do not appear
in the annual legislative bill since they are not budget authority. They are included in
the U.S. Budget either as budget receipts or offsetting collections.6
The Budget also contains some non-legislative entities within the legislative
branch budget. They are funded in other appropriation bills, but are placed in the
legislative section by the Office of Management and Budget for bookkeeping
purposes.7
3 The figure includes funds in the regular annual FY2000 Legislative Branch
Appropriations Act (P.L. 106-57); a 0.38% rescission and supplemental of $10 million in
P.L. 106-113; and a supplemental of $17.5 million in P.L. 106-246.
4 Other budget authorities are those of some non-legislative entities within the legislative
branch budget that are actually funded in other appropriations bills.
5 FY2000 total legislative branch permanent federal fund authority is $279 million,
comprised of House and Senate Member pay ($95 million); House and Senate use of foreign
currencies ($3 million); House and Senate international conferences and contingencies ($1
million); and LOC payments to copyright owners ($180 million). Sources for permanent
federal funds are FY2001 U.S. Budget (for Senate items) and House Appropriations
Committee. Figures in the U.S. Budget are rounded to the nearest million.
6 FY2000 total legislative branch permanent trust fund authority is $51 million. This
figure comprises the Library of Congress gift and trust fund accounts ($41 million); the
Library of Congress cooperative acquisitions revolving fund ($2 million); U.S. Capitol
Preservation Commission trust funds ($1 million); Architect of the Capitol for the Botanic
Garden, gifts and donations ($6 million); and John C. Stennis Center for Public Service
Training and Development trust funds ($1 million). The source for permanent trust funds is
the House Committee on Appropriations.
7 The FY2001 U.S. Budget includes non-legislative entities under two headings: (1)
“U.S. Tax Court” and (2) “other legislative branch agencies – legislative branch boards and
commissions.” Included in the latter category are the National Bipartisan Commission on the
(continued...)
CRS-4
Status
Table Table 1: Status of Legislative Branch Appropriations, FY2001, H.R. 4516, S.
2603
Subcommittee
Conference Report
Markup
Approval
House
House
Senate
Senate
Conference
House
Senate
Report
Passage
Report
Passage
Report
House
Senate
Public Law
5/23/00
5/23/00
7/27/00
6/22/00
5/3/001
5/18/002
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
7/17/003
H.Rept.
–4
–
–
(373-50)
106-635
106-304
106-796
1The subcommittee vote to report the measure was 6-3. The full House Appropriations Committee markup was May 9, 2000. The
committee voted 31-23 to report the measure to the House.
2 The Senate version was marked up by the full Senate Appropriations Committee on May 18, 2000. The committee voted 28-0
to report the measure (S. 2603) to the Senate.
3 Passage was by unanimous consent. On May 25, 2000, by a vote of 98-2, the Senate agreed to the motion to advance S. 2603 to
the third reading, and subsequently the bill was engrossed and returned to the Senate calendar. The Senate passed H.R. 4516, after
incorporating the text of S. 2603, as amended.
4 On July 27, the House agreed to H. Res. 565, the rule waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany H.R.
4516 (214-210).
Developments This Year
Submission of FY2001 Budget Estimates. On February 7, 2000, President
Clinton released the FY2001 budget request of $2.688 billion for legislative activities
funded in the legislative branch appropriations bill.8 The revised budget estimate for
7(...continued)
Future of Medicine; the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission; the Census Monitoring
Board; the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom; the Gambling Impact Study
Commission; and a subcategory titled “other legislative branch boards and commissions,”
with no indication of boards and commissions included.
For a more accurate picture of the legislative branch budget in FY2001, the budget
authority for non–legislative entities should be subtracted from the total legislative budget
authority provided in the U.S. Budget. The FY2001 U.S. Budget shows an FY2001 total
legislative budget authority request of $3.082 billion, including permanent federal and
permanent trust funds, non–legislative entities, and a deduction of $8 million in off-setting
receipts from sales to the public. After removing non–legislative entities ($38 million), the
total is $3.036 billion, still including permanent federal funds and permanent trust funds.
Excluding permanent federal funds ($311 million) and permanent trust funds ($37 million),
the total is $2.688 billion. The source for these figures is the FY2001 U.S. Budget. The
pending legislative branch budget request before the House Appropriations Committee is
$2.716 billion, which reflects a revision by the legislative branch of the President’s request.
8 The source is the FY2001 U.S. Budget. This figure is not exact because the Office
of Management and Budget (OMB), which prepares the U.S. Budget, rounds to the nearest
millions of dollars.
CRS-5
the legislative branch was $2.716 billion,9 and was an increase of $258.3 million, or
10.5%, over the FY2000 appropriation of $2.458 billion, before supplementals.
Actions on the House FY2001 Legislative Funding Bill. On June 22, the
House passed its version of the FY2001 legislative funding bill, H.R. 4516, which
contained $1.914 billion (excluding Senate items). The FY2001 funding level was a
decrease of $9.8 million, or 0.5%, from the FY2000 appropriation of $1.924 billion.
During floor consideration the House adopted a managers’ amendment adding $95.7
million to the bill as it was reported by the House Appropriations Committee.
As reported earlier on May 23, H.R. 4516 contained a 5.5% reduction of $105.6
million, to $1.818 billion in FY2001 (excluding Senate items) from $1.924 billion in
FY2000 (H.Rept. 106-635).10
The overall reduction was the result of compliance by the Subcommittee on
Legislative and the House Appropriations Committee with the FY2001 House budget
allocations made by the concurrent budget resolution passed by the House on March
23, 2000.11 The reduction was based on maintaining the FY2000 budget authority,
less $94 million.
As reported, the bill contained reductions that included -1.2% for the House of
Representatives, -11.7% for the Capitol Police (including the pending FY2000
supplemental), -8.8% for the Office of Compliance, -17.9% for the Architect of the
Capitol (including the pending FY2000 supplemental and excluding Senate items), -
6.7% for the Congressional Research Service, -25.3% for the Government Printing
Office, -6.9% for the General Accounting Office, and -3.9% for the Congressional
Budget Office.
The House Appropriations Committee estimated that 1,720 full time equivalent
positions (FTEs) would be eliminated in the legislative branch. Some agencies,
however, would have had limited authority to make their budget reductions in some
non-personal areas. Based on agency estimates, according to members expressing
additional views, the bill possibly meant reductions of 438 from the Capitol Police,
707 from the GAO, 114 from CRS, 31 from CBO, 156 from the AOC, 62 minimum
from GPO, and 319 from the House of Representatives.
9 The source is the House Appropriations Committee. In December of each year,
legislative agencies submit their budget requests for the upcoming fiscal year to OMB. The
agencies’ requests are prepared during the previous months. Subsequently, OMB incorporates
the agencies’ requests without change into the President’s annual budget submitted to
Congress early the following year. Legislative agencies may revise their budget requests at
any time, and the $2.716 billion is a revision by the legislative branch of the amount included
in the President’s budget.
10 The FY2000 appropriations base used by the House Appropriations Committee
contained a $17.1 million supplemental appropriation in H.R. 3908, passed by the House on
March 30.
11 The conference report on H. Con. Res. 290 was adopted by the House and Senate on
April 13, 2000.
CRS-6
Earlier, on May 4, the House Appropriations Committee chairman released
funding allocations (referred to as 302(b) allocations) of $2.355 billion in budget
authority for the legislative branch in FY2001. The House allocation was $45 million
less than the Senate allocation of $2.5 billion. On May 8, the House Appropriations
Committee voted to report its version of the overall FY2001 legislative budget,
agreeing without change to the bill reported by its Subcommittee on Legislative on
May 3.
On June 20, in order for the manager’s amendment of an additional $95.7 million
to be adopted, the House Appropriations Committee reallocated an additional $113
million to the Subcommittee on Legislative from the Subcommittee on
Transportation.
Earlier, the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Legislative began its
hearings on the proposed budget on January 27, continuing on February 1 and 2,
2000.
Actions on the Senate FY2001 Legislative Funding Bill. On July 17, the
Senate passed H.R. 4516, after incorporating the text of S. 2603, as amended. As
passed, H.R. 4516 contained $1.721 billion (excluding House items), a 3.7% increase
from $1.662 billion in FY2000 (excluding House items). The FY2000 appropriation
base used by the Senate did not include a FY2000 supplemental of $17.1 million in
H.R. 3908, passed by the House on March 30 (S.Rept. 106-635).
Earlier, on May 24, the Senate began consideration of its version of the FY2001
legislative branch appropriations bill, S. 2603. On May 25, by a vote of 98-2, the
Senate agreed to the motion to advance S. 2603 to the third reading (thereby ending
the time to offer amendments), and subsequently the bill was engrossed and returned
to the Senate calendar. The Senate minority leader had stated his intention of seeking
to postpone Senate passage until after the House considers its version.
As passed by the Senate, H.R. 4516 contained a 3.9% increase for the Senate,
a 29.1% increase for the Capitol Police, a 3.7% increase for the Office of Compliance,
a 3.8% increase for the Congressional Budget Office, a 0.1% increase for the
Architect of the Capitol (including Library buildings and grounds, but excluding
House office buildings), a 1.0% increase for the Library of Congress, excluding the
Congressional Research Service, a 3.4% increase for the Congressional Research
Service, 3.7% increase for the Government Printing Office, and a 1.9% increase for
the General Accounting Office. Discussion during the Senate Appropriations
Committee markup indicated that the bill did not reduce FTE staff positions.
Earlier, on May 4, 200, the Senate Appropriations Committee approved its
FY2001 budget allocations for its subcommittees, with an allocation of $2.5 billion
for the legislative branch. The Senate allocation is $145 million more than the House
allocation of $2.355 billion.
The Senate Subcommittee on Legislative Branch, Senate Appropriations
Committee, held hearings on February 8, 22, and 29, and March 21, 2000.
CRS-7
Actions on the FY2001 Conference Report on H.R. 4516. On July 27, 2000,
conferees issued the conference report on H.R. 4516, the FY2001 legislative branch
appropriations bill. The report contains $2.527 billion, a 2.1% increase over the
FY2000 appropriation of $2.475 billion. The report also contains $51.1 million in
emergency FY2000 supplemental appropriations for the legislative branch and the
Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Housing Administration.
Both the legislative branch and the FY2000 supplemental appropriations are contained
in Division A of the bill. Division B contains provisions of the FY2001 treasury and
postal service appropriations bill and a repeal of the excise tax on telephone and other
communications services. Later on July 27, the House agreed to the rule waiving
points of order against the conference report.
Of the $51.1 million in FY2000 emergency supplemental appropriations, $11.1
million is for legislative branch activities – $2.1 million for the Capitol Police Board
for security enhancements, and $9 million for repairs to the garage of the Cannon
House office building.
Action on a Rescission and Supplemental to FY2000 Legislative Branch
Appropriations (P.L. 106-113). During the last days of the 1999 session, Congress
approved a 0.38% across-the-board rescission in the FY2000 appropriations acts,
including that for the legislative branch. The provision was contained in H.R. 3194,
the FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act, which was signed into law as P.L.106-
113 on November 29, 1999. P.L. 106-113 also contained a $10 million supplemental
for the Library of Congress to continue operation of the Russian leadership program.
Action on a Second Bill Containing a FY2000 Supplemental for the
Legislative Branch (H.R. 3908). On March 30, the House passed a FY2000
supplemental appropriations measure, H.R. 3908, which contained $17.1 million for
the legislative branch, as follows:12
! $1.9 million to the Capitol Police Board for additional costs of security
enhancements to the Library of Congress buildings and grounds; and,
! $15.2 million to the Architect of the Capitol, for the account “Capitol buildings
and grounds,” for fire safety, as follows: Capitol buildings and grounds,
“Capitol buildings - salaries and expenses,” $7.0 million; House office
buildings, $4.2 million; Capitol power plant, $3,000; Botanic garden, “salaries
and expenses,” $26,000; Architect of the Capitol, “Library buildings and
grounds - structural and mechanical care,” $3.9 million.
The Senate delayed further action on H.R. 3908 due in part to concerns over the
rising costs of the supplemental and the desire of Senate Majority Leader Lott to
attach a reduced supplemental to one of the first FY2001 regular annual
appropriations bills that are expected to come to the Senate in May.
The $17.1 million supplemental subsequently was added to S. 2536 (see below).
12 Due to rounding, the following appropriations do not add exactly to $17.1 million.
CRS-8
Action on a Third Bill Containing a FY2000 Supplemental for the
Legislative Branch (S. 2536 and H.R. 4461). The FY2000 legislative supplemental
appropriation contained in H.R. 3908, as passed by the House on March 30, was
subsequently incorporated in S. 2536, the FY2001 agriculture, rural development,
food and drug administration, and related agencies appropriations bill. S. 2536, which
was reported to the Senate on May 9 (S.Rept. 106-288), contained:
! $11.9 million in emergency appropriations for the Capitol Police Board (under
joint items) for additional security enhancement expenses including (1) $10
million for the initial implementation of the Capitol Police master plan, subject
to approval of the Committees on Appropriations of the House and Senate,
and (2) $1.9 million for security enhancements to the Library of Congress
buildings and grounds to complete installation of a closed circuit television and
to install bollards around the Madison building perimeter.
! $2.7 million in emergency appropriations for the Capitol Police, salaries (under
joint items) for overtime expenses; and,
! $17.5 million in emergency appropriations for the Architect of the Capitol to
implement identified fire safety upgrades as follows: “Capitol buildings and
grounds, “Capitol buildings - salaries and expenses,” $7.0 million; Senate office
buildings, $2.3 million; House office buildings, $4.2 million; Capitol power
plant, $3,000; Botanic garden, “salaries and expenses,” $26,000; and Architect
of the Capitol, “Library buildings and grounds - structural and mechanical
care,” $3.9 million;
! language regarding expenditure of funds received by the Architect as gifts for
construction of the national garden associated with the Botanic Gardens.
! language that makes changes in funding and reporting requirements of the
Trade Deficit Review Commission.
The $17.5 million fire safety was subsequently deleted from S. 2536 and inserted
in H.R. 4425, the FY2001 military construction appropriations, during conference
(see discussion following). Also deleted from S. 2536 was language relating to the
Trade Deficit Review Commission. The other three supplemental provisions were
incorporated by the Senate in H.R. 4461, the House version of the FY2001
agriculture appropriations bill. H.R. 4461 was amended by the Senate to contain the
language of S. 2536 and passed by the Senate on July 20.
Action on a Fourth Bill Containing a FY2000 Supplemental for the
Legislative Branch (H.R. 4425). Conferees on the FY2001 military construction
appropriations bill, H.R. 4425, agreed to add a $17.5 million supplemental for the
Architect of the Capitol for fire safety. Both houses agreed with the conference
language, and H.R. 4425 was signed into law by the President on July 13 (P.L. 106-
246).
The appropriations for fire safety upgrades are as follow: “Capitol buildings and
grounds, “Capitol buildings - salaries and expenses,” $7.0 million; Senate office
buildings, $2.3 million; House office buildings, $4.2 million; Capitol power plant,
CRS-9
$3,000; Botanic garden, “salaries and expenses,” $26,000; and Architect of the
Capitol, “Library buildings and grounds - structural and mechanical care,” $3.9
million;
Major Issues Driving Discussions on the FY2001 Bill
Among issues under consideration were proposals to:
! increase funds for the Capitol Police for 100 - 115 additional officers to
implement the Capitol Police Board’s security plan;
! temporarily transfer administration of the Capitol Police to a chief
administrative office, under jurisdiction of the General Accounting Office;
! merge the Library of Congress police and the Government Printing Office
police with the Capitol Police (provision deleted in conference);
! provide adequate funds for electronic document printing, the digital online
program of the Library of Congress, and enhancements to the legislative
information system;
! fund the support agencies’ staff succession programs to replace employees
eligible for retirement in the immediate future; and,
! authorize the comptroller general greater authority for flexibility in a reduction-
in-force and for voluntary early retirement authority and separation payments
(provision deleted in conference).
Overall Funding Level Issues
Each spring, as members of the House Subcommittee on Legislative and the
Senate Subcommittee on Legislative Branch consider funding requests from
legislative agencies, they are faced with three options on funding levels: to maintain
a flat budget; to provide a modest increase; or to approve a budget decrease.
Statements by subcommittee members during the January and February 2000 hearings
suggested support for a fairly flat budget for FY2001. However, the FY2001 bill
reported to the full Appropriations Committee, and subsequently reported to the
House, represented a 5.5% reduction, or $105.6 million, from the current funding
level for FY2000. The House subsequently added $95.7 million during floor
consideration on June 22. As reported from conference, H.R. 4516 contains a 2.1%
increase, to $2.527 billion in FY2001 from $2.475 billion in FY2000.
The legislative branch budget is 0.15% of the total federal budget.
Flat Budget. A “flat” budget typically provides new funds for mandatory cost
increases, but denies additional funding requests.13 A flat budget can be difficult to
achieve due to a number of factors, such as ongoing and emergency maintenance and
repair needs or an effort to keep operations current with recent technology
developments. The FY2001 budget of $2.527 billion, as reported from conference,
represents a flat budget, compared with $2.475 billion appropriated for FY2000.
13 Mandatory costs are those required by statute. They include such items as annual pay
adjustments and increases in the federal government’s contribution to the federal employee
retirement program.
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This follows the trend of FY1999 and FY1998. The FY1999 regular annual
Legislative Branch Appropriations Act (P.L. 105-275), without the emergency
supplementals, contained a 2.8% increase over FY1998, to $2.352 billion from
$2.288 billion (both figures in current dollars). The rate of inflation for the
comparable period of time was 2.2%.
When including the FY1999 emergency supplementals, the FY1999 increase was
higher, 12.8%, to $2.581 billion in FY1999 from $2.288 billion in FY1998. Allowing
for inflation, the increase was 10.5%.
In the previous year, conferees on the FY1998 legislative funding bill also
approved a fairly flat budget, or a 3.9% increase based on current dollars, to $2.288
billion in FY1998 from $2.203 billion in FY1997. Allowing for inflation, the FY1998
conference figure was actually a 2.2% increase, to $2.391 billion in FY1998 from
$2.340 billion in FY1997 (in constant 1999 dollars).
Modest Increase. When including the FY1999 emergency supplemental
appropriations in P.L. 105-277, the FY1999 total appropriation allowed for a modest
increase, to $2.581 billion from $2.288 billion in FY1998, or a 12.9% increase. The
emergency supplemental contained funds for security systems, a Capitol visitors’
center, and Year-2000 compliance of software and other computer changes.
Budget Decrease. In FY1996 and FY2000, Congress reduced the legislative
budget. For FY1996, Congress approved a budget that was an 8.2% reduction from
the previous year. The FY1996 budget was $2.184 billion, down from the FY1995
budget of $2.378 billion. When accounting for inflation, the decrease was more,
12.4%, to $2.328 billion in FY1996 from $2.659 billion in FY1995.
The FY2000 appropriation of $2.475 billion, including supplementals and a
0.38% rescission, was a 4.1% reduction from the FY1999 appropriation of $2.581
billion. Allowing for inflation, the decrease was more, 6.3%.
Figure 2: Legislative Branch Appropriations, FY1995-FY2000
(in thousands of current dollars)
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Figure 3: Legislative Branch Appropriations, FY1995-FY2000
(in thousands of constant dollars)
Technology Issues
Security of Legislative Information. The House Appropriations Committee
report on the FY2001 bill contains language expressing its concern for the security
of electronically formatted legislative information. The House directs the clerk of the
House, in consultation with the secretary of the Senate, to meet with legislative
entities that electronically create or store legislative information, to prepare
information security standards and procedures for these entities, and to establish a
process to routinely evaluate security risks.
The clerk is required to submit proposed standards and procedures to the
Committee on House Administration and the Senate Committee on Rules and
Administration for approval. Upon approval, the clerk’s plans are to be submitted to
the House and Senate Appropriations Committees.
The Library of Congress and the Government Printing Office are directed to
“work with the clerk and secretary of the Senate to test, develop, and implement, no
later than January 3, 2001, systems that will enable them to confirm the authenticity
of such legislative information.”14
House and Senate Legislative Information Systems. Both houses continued
to seek ways to reduce duplication of effort in tracking legislation and to upgrade
legislative tracking and document management systems. Toward this end, both
houses continue to develop information systems that create and manage legislative
data files.
14 U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Legislative Branch
Appropriations Bill, 2001, report to accompany H.R. 4516, 106th Cong., 2nd sess., H.Rept.
106-635 (Washington: GPO, 2000), p. 8.
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The House legislative information system is administered by the House clerk.
The Senate system is administered by the secretary of the Senate. They report,
respectively, to the House Administration Committee (formerly House Oversight) and
the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration on their recommendations
regarding the electronic transfer of legislative data between the two houses and
among other legislative branch entities.
In support of the development of the House and Senate legislative information
systems, both houses directed the Congressional Research Service in 1996 to develop
a data retrieval system with the technical support of the Library of Congress and in
collaboration with other legislative branch agencies, such as the Government Printing
Office.15 The House and Senate legislative information systems are expected to
reduce duplication through the consolidation of existing legislative retrieval systems.
House System. In FY1996, the Committee on House Administration (formerly
House Oversight) directed the clerk to study methods for increasing the capacity of
the House to manage its documents electronically. The committee further directed
that subsequent proposals of the clerk relating to printing be coordinated with GPO
and all House entities requiring printing and storage of documents.
The clerk of the House requested $750,000 for FY2001 to continue development
of the House document management system (DMS), which would provide a method
for creating, tracking, editing, sharing, printing, and transmitting documents. Identical
appropriations were made for the DMS in FY1998 and FY1999. According to the
clerk, the goals of the DMS are “to improve the legislative document creation and
revision process; to provide pro-active tracking, routing, and control of legislative
documents; to improve information exchange with the Senate and other government
entities in order to facilitate the legislative process; to enable the Office of the Clerk
to become the repository for House legislation and related documents for current and
future use, for the general public, legislative organizations, and the House of
Representatives; [and] to allow the House of Representatives to become more
independent for preparation, printing, and distribution of official House of
Representatives documents.”16
The DMS is designed to automate document preparation, using a system for
print-on-demand and for electronic transmission to GPO. Although development of
15 In the FY1997 legislative branch appropriations bill, the Senate directed CRS and the
Library to develop a retrieval system. The language was contained in an amendment that was
deleted from the legislation, but maintained in the conference report. Subsequent to passage
of the FY1997 bill, the chairman of the House Administration Committee (formerly House
Oversight) directed CRS and the Library to ensure that the retrieval system being developed
for the Senate would also meet the requirements of the House. The chairman’s directive was
contained in a letter to the CRS director dated Oct. 9, 1996.
16 Testimony of the clerk of the House, Jeff Trandahl, before the House Subcommittee
on Legislative, Legislative Branch Appropriations for FY2000, hearings, Feb. 2, 1999, pp.
34-35.
CRS-13
the DMS is costly, anticipated savings to the House in administrative and printing
costs were estimated to be about $1 million annually.17
Senate System. The FY1997 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act directed
the secretary of the Senate to develop a legislative information system for the
Senate.18 The act directed that the secretary oversee the system’s development and
implementation, subject to the approval of the Senate Committee on Rules and
Administration. Like the House, the Senate system provides a means for creating,
tracking, editing, sharing, and transmitting documents.
The FY1997 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act funded the Senate system
by authorizing the secretary to use unspent FY1995 monies previously appropriated
for the Office of the Secretary of the Senate; they remained available until September
30, 1998. The secretary was also authorized to transfer to the development of the
legislative information system, as he determined to be necessary, funds already
appropriated to the secretary’s office for the purpose of development of the Senate
financial management system.
Access to additional funding was provided in the FY1997 supplemental
appropriations bill signed into law (P.L. 105-18; H.R. 1871) on June 12, 1997. That
act authorized the transfer of $5 million from other Senate accounts to the account,
“Contingent Expenses of the Senate,” under the subaccount, “Secretary of the
Senate.”19 That money was made available through September 30, 2000. The
transfer was made subject to the approval of the Senate Committee on
Appropriations. Funds for FY2001 are pending in the proposed budget for the Office
of the Secretary of the Senate.
The FY1999 Senate report on S. 2137 also contained language directing the
Congressional Research Service and the Library “to continue their development of the
legislative retrieval system for the Senate and provide an annual report outlining the
strategic objective of this initiative.”20
17 Comments of the former clerk of the House, Robin Carle. U.S. Congress, House
Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Legislative, Legislative Branch
Appropriations for FY1998, hearing, 105th Cong., 1st sess., Feb. 4, 1997. See also the clerk’s
testimony on the DMS before the House Subcommittee on Legislative, Legislative Branch
Appropriations for 1998, hearings, part 2, Feb. 1997, p. 43.
18 P.L. 104-197, 110 Stat. 2398, Sept. 16, 1996, sec. 8, FY1996 Legislative Branch
Appropriations Act.
19 For language in H.R. 1871 that is relevant to the legislative branch, see Rep. Robert
Livingston, remarks in the House, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 143, June 12,
1997, p. H3766. This provision was originally included in the earlier version of the FY1997
supplemental bill, H.R. 1469, which was vetoed by the President on June 9, 1997.
20 U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Legislative
Branch, Legislative Branch Appropriations, 1999, report to accompany S. 2137, 105th
Cong., 2nd sess., S.Rept. 105-204 (Washington: GPO, 1999), p. 41.
CRS-14
Fire Safety in Congressional Buildings
In July 2000, Congress approved a FY2000 supplemental of $17.5 million to the
Architect of the Capitol for fire safety in the Capitol and other congressional
buildings. Conferees on the FY2001 military construction appropriations bill (H.R.
4425) added the supplemental to the bill, which was signed into law by the President
on July 13 (P.L. 106-246). Congress made the appropriation subsequent to the
release of a report by the Office of Compliance which identified 253 possible fire
safety hazards or violations in Capitol Hill buildings.
Earlier, both houses had approved FY2000 fire safety supplemental
appropriations in separate bills. First, the House passed H.R. 3908, a FY2000
supplemental appropriation bill, on March 30 containing $15.2 million for fire safety.
Second, although the Senate delayed further action on H.R 3908, the Senate added
the House language, plus $2.3 million for fire safety upgrades in Senate office
buildings, to S. 2536, the FY2001 agriculture, rural development, food and drug
administration, and related agencies appropriations bill. As reported (S. Rept. 106-
288), S. 2536 contained $17.5 million for fire safety upgrades. This appropriation
was dropped from S. 2536 with conferees on the FY2001 military construction
appropriations bill agreeing to add the funding to their bill.
House and Senate Committee Funding
House Committee Funding. The FY2001 request for committee operations
was $121.8 million, an increase of $6.8 million, or 5.9%, over the FY2000 funding
level of $115.0 million. The appropriation is contained in the appropriations heading
“committee employees” that comprises two subheadings. The first subheading
contains funds for personnel and non-personnel expenses of House committees,
except the Appropriations Committee, as authorized by the House in a committee
expense resolution. The request for this subheading was $99.2 million, which was an
increase of $5.4 million, or 5.7%, over the FY2000 funding level of $93.9 million.
The conference on H.R. 4516 contains $92.2 million, a reduction from FY2000 of
1.8%, or $1.7 million.
The second subheading contains funds for the personnel and non-personnel
expenses of the Committee on Appropriations. The FY2001 request was $22.5
million, an increase of $1.4 million, or 6.8%, over the FY2000 level of $21.1 million.
The conference on H.R. 4516 contains $20.6 million, a decrease of 2.2%, or
$467,000.
Most of the requested increase for both subheadings was for personnel expenses
pursuant to the January 2000 pay increase of 3.7%, and price level increases. The
increase for House committees, other than Appropriations, is also to pay expenses for
use of cell phones and pagers, use of which is growing, and to meet expenses incurred
in providing greater flexibility by allowing staff to use their residential lines for official
business, with reimbursement to them by the House. The Appropriations Committee
request includes funds for equipment and additional travel.
CRS-15
Senate Committee Funding. S. 2603 contains $79.9 million for Senate
committees in FY2001, a 2.3% increase from $78.1 million in FY2000. The FY2001
appropriation is a total of committee appropriations contained in two separate Senate
accounts. The first account is the Senate “Committee on Appropriations”; the second
is “Inquiries and Investigations,” which contains funds for all other Senate
committees. The FY2001 appropriation for the Senate Appropriations Committee is
$6.9 million, an increase of $392,000, or 6%, over the FY2000 level of $6.5 million.
The FY2001 appropriation for all other Senate committees is $73.0 million, an
increase of $1.4 million, or 2.0%, over the FY2000 appropriation of $71.6 million.
Security Issues
Capitol Complex Security Plan. The Office of the Architect of the Capitol
(AOC) continues to work on the development of a perimeter security plan for the
Capitol, the Senate and House office buildings, and adjacent grounds. Congress
approved $20 million for the perimeter plan as part of an FY1998 supplemental
appropriations bill (P.L. 105-174). The relevant provision of the law reads:
For necessary expenses for the design, installation and maintenance of the Capitol
Square Perimeter Security Plan, $20,000,000 (of which not to exceed $4,000,000
shall be transferred upon request of the Capitol Police Board to the Capitol Police
Board, “Capitol Police,” “General Expenses,” for physical security measures
associated with the Capitol Square perimeter security plan) to remain available
until expended, subject to the review and approval by the appropriate House and
Senate authorities.21
The appropriation for the perimeter security plan was based on recommendations
that a task force prepared for the U.S. Capitol Police Board. Of the $20 million, $4
million was to go to the Capitol Police Board for the design and installation of
security systems that were to be part of the perimeter plan.
The Senate Appropriations Committee report on S. 1768 (the Senate’s version
of the supplemental bill) stated that funds provided for perimeter security of Senate
office buildings are subject to review and approval of the Senate Committee on
Appropriations and the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration.22 It further
stated that funds provided for perimeter security of the “Capitol Square”23 are subject
21 P.L. 105-174, 112 Stat. 89, May 1, 1998, Making Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations for FY1998. See also U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations,
Making Supplemental Appropriations and Rescissions for the Fiscal Year Ending September
30, 1998, report to accompany H.R. 3580, 105th Cong., 2nd sess., H.Rept. 105-470
(Washington: GPO, 1998), pp. 11-12, and U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on
Appropriations, Making Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Recovery from Natural
Disasters, and for Overseas Peacekeeping Efforts, for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30,
1998, report to accompany S. 1768, 105th Cong., 2nd sess., S.Rept. 105-168 (Washington:
GPO, 1998), p. 22.
22 Ibid., Making Emergency Supplemental Appropriations, S.Rept. 105-168.
23 “Capitol Square” is the area bounded by First Street (N.E. and S.E.), Constitution
(continued...)
CRS-16
to review and approval by the House Committee on Appropriations, Committee on
House Administration, Speaker of the House, Senate Committee on Rules and
Administration, and Senate Committee on Appropriations.
With the endorsement of the Committee on House Administration on February
24, 1999, the perimeter security plan has been approved by the four oversight and
funding committees that are responsible for its implementation.
Other Security Activities of the Capitol Police. Many of the current Capitol
Police security projects are the result of a comprehensive security survey of the
Capitol complex conducted by a task force in 1998. The task force was composed
of security experts from five federal law enforcement agencies. Pursuant to the
findings of the task force, the Capitol Police requested and received funding for 260
additional police personnel, upgraded police equipment, and new security
technology.24
Since then, the Capitol Police hired 167 officers (of the 215 authorized officers)
and other personnel, using $25.2 million available for this purpose; upgraded
equipment, including metal detectors, body armor, and uniforms, among other
purposes, using the $9.7 million made available for these purposes. The Capitol
Police have requested an additional 100 police officers to implement the task force
recommendations.
In 1999, the Capitol Police Board and the police department developed a
“Strategic Plan for the U.S. Capitol Police,” primarily dealing with financial
management of the police. The police requested funding for the first phase of the plan
in the FY2001 bill. Additionally, the Architect of the Capitol, who was directed to
study the facility needs of the Capitol Police, developed a master plan, which
addresses major issues of police training facilities, a vehicle maintenance facility, and
an off-site delivery center.
Funding for the Capitol Police Board. Conferees on H.R. 4516 agreed to
$103.9 for the Capitol Police Board, an increase of 22.4%, or $19.0 million, from the
FY2000 funding level of $84.9 million. The FY2001 request for the board was $110.9
million, an increase of $26 million, or 31%, over FY2000. Most of thge requested
increase was to fund 100 new FTE25 police officers in FY2001, and to continue to
fund the additional 260 FTEs (police officers and other personnel) hired in FY1999
and FY2000.26 The total number of FTEs would then increase to 1,611 from 1,511,
23(...continued)
Avenue on the north, Independence Avenue on the south, and First Street (N.W. and S.W.).
24 Testimony of the sergeant at arms of the Senate, James W. Ziglar, before the House
Subcommittee on Legislative, Legislative Branch Appropriations for FY2000, hearings, Feb.
3, 1999, p. 532.
25 FTE stands for full-time equivalent employee position. An FTE is determined by
dividing the total number of hours worked by the number of hours in a work year (2,080 ).
26 In FY2000, $16.5 million was transferred to the Capitol Police from the security
(continued...)
CRS-17
which would allow the Capitol Police Board to staff each congressional entrance with
two officers. The increased funds would also allow the board to continue
implementation of its strategic plan for training and other security enhancement
programs.
The House bill, as reported, contained $76.7 million, a reduction of 9.7%, or
$8.2 million, from the FY2000 level of $84.9 million, excluding a pending
supplemental Capitol Police appropriation of $1.9 million for Library of Congress
security. However, an amendment adopted on the House floor contained an
additional $22.7 million, increasing the FY2001 appropriation to $99.3 million.
The Senate bill contained $109.6 million, an increase of $24.7 million, or 29.1%
over the FY2000 appropriation of $84.9 million.
Funds for the Capitol Police Board are contained under two headings, “Capitol
Police salaries,” and “Capitol Police, general expenses.” For Capitol Police salaries,
the request was $106.0 million, an increase of $27.7 million,27 or 35.4%, over the
FY2000 appropriation of $78.4 million. The House bill contained $92.8 million; the
Senate bill contained $102.7 million. Conferees agreed to $97.1 million.
For Capitol Police general expenses, $10.0 million was requested. This is an
increase of $3.4 million, or 52.1%, over the FY2000 appropriation of $6.6 million.
The House bill contained $6.6 million; the Senate bill contained $6.9 million.
Conferees agreed to $6.8 million.
The accompanying House report language –
! Appropriated $4 million for overtime, equally divided between the House and
Senate police details.
! Appropriated for 1,058 FTEs, 506 for the House and 552 for the Senate.
! Directed a policy shift by the Capitol Police from emphasis on manpower to
security technology.
! Created a new Office of Administration within the Capitol Police directed by
a chief administrative officer (CAO) to be appointed by the comptroller
general, after consultation with the Capitol Police Board. The CAO would be
an employee of the General Accounting Office until October 1, 2002, when he
would become an employee of the Capitol Police. Upon transfer, the Capitol
Police Board would assume the responsibilities previously held by the
comptroller general.
26(...continued)
enhancement fund, established pursuant to P.L. 105-277.
27 The figure contains $8.0 million in a pending amended request for overtime expenses.
CRS-18
! Encouraged the Capitol Police to study the possible use of eye-view security
technology, which permits real time surveillance and monitoring over the
Internet through secure connections.
Administration of Security Enhancement Money. Besides administering
funds from annual appropriations, the Capitol Police are responsible for administering
the security enhancements fund and the physical security fund, both established for
specific purposes. Transfer of money from either fund to the Capitol Police Board is
subject to the approval of the police oversight and appropriations committees.
Activities are coordinated by a memorandum of understanding among the Capitol
Police, the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, and the Library of Congress.
Proposed Merger of Library of Congress and Government Printing Office
Uniformed Officers with the Capitol Police. Conferees on H.R. 4516 dropped a
provision (section 310 of S. 2603) which contained administrative language
transferring uniformed officers of the Library of Congress and Government Printing
Office to the Capitol Police, effective October 1, 2000. Prior to the transfer, the
General Accounting Office was to identity issues to be addressed before the transfer;
the agency was to report its findings to the Senate Appropriations Committee and the
Capitol Police Board by July 1, 2000.
Recent Appropriations for Security Enhancements. In FY1997, the Capitol
Police Board received $3.25 million for the “design and installation of security
systems for the Capitol buildings and grounds,” and the Architect was given $250,000
for “architectural and engineering services related to the design and installation” of
those systems.28 The FY1998 Legislative Appropriations Act contained $74.1 million
for the board; the FY1999 act contained $83.1 million.29
In addition, the FY1999 Omnibus Appropriations Act (P.L. 105-277) contained
$106.8 million for the board to make “security enhancements to the Capitol complex,
including the buildings and grounds of the Library of Congress.”30 The accompanying
conference report (H.Rept. 105-825) identified 22 specific categories of priority
security needs. The Omnibus Appropriations Act also transferred responsibility for
the design, installation, and maintenance of the Library of Congress security system
from the Architect of the Capitol to the Capitol Police Board.31
28 P.L. 104-208; 110 Stat. 3009-510-511.
29 P.L. 105-55; 111 Stat. 1185-1186; and P.L. 105-275; 112 Stat. 2430. The FY1999
act included funding for 1,251 positions.
30 P.L. 105-277; 112 Stat. 2681-570. The enhancements are subject to approval by the
Committee on House Administration, Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, and
House and Senate Committees on Appropriations.
31 U.S. Congress, Conference Committee, Making Omnibus Consolidated and
Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1999, conference report to
accompany H.R. 4328, H.Rept. 105-825, 105th Cong., 2nd sess. (Washington: GPO, 1998),
pp. 1530-1531. (Hereafter cited as H.Rept. 105-825). The conference agreement included
funds for 260 additional Capitol Police personnel over a 2-year period, and $12 million for
(continued...)
CRS-19
The supplemental allocations resulted from (1) a broad review of the existing
security program by the Capitol Police, with assistance from other federal security
agencies and private consultants. There were also hearings and discussions with
congressional leaders, as well as the committees of jurisdiction; and (2) a personnel
audit of security operations of the police. As a result of these and other studies, a
comprehensive 10-year Capitol Police master plan was issued in August 1999.
Congress appropriated an FY1999 emergency supplemental appropriation for
the Capitol Police Board as a result of recommendations for security upgrades made
pursuant to a comprehensive security study of the Capitol complex. The Capitol
Police Board mandated the study in 1998 by a task force composed of security
experts from federal law enforcement agencies and the private sector.
Language in the FY1999 emergency supplemental appropriation directed the
Capitol Police Board to prepare an implementation plan for the use of the emergency
supplemental to include necessary equipment upgrades and detailing the first phase
of the security enhancements to the Capitol complex and Library of Congress
buildings and grounds. The Capitol Police Board prepared a security enhancement
implementation plan, now pending before the authorizing and appropriations
committees. Parts of the plan have already been approved.
Capitol Visitors’ Center. Although the FY2001 legislative budget request does
not contain funds for a proposed Capitol visitors’ center, several references were
made to the center’s development during House and Senate hearings on the FY2001
budget.
Current Status. The visitors’ center is in the design and development phase that
is expected to be completed by September 2000. In 1999, House and Senate leaders
issued a statement urging the Capitol Preservation Commission to permit the architect
to proceed to the project’s site selection and design phases.32 Subsequently, the
architect reviewed an existing plan for a visitors’ center presented to Congress in
1995 to revalidate the plan and make necessary modifications, as part of “Phase One.”
On October 1, 1999, the architect presented the results of his review of the 1995
study, and requested the commission’s approval to proceed with the pre-construction
design and engineering phases, update the concept design, and revalidate the center’s
location.33 Later in October, the commission approved the architect’s proposals.
Copies of the architect’s report were sent to Members of Congress by the
Capitol Preservation Commission on February 2, 2000. In his report, the architect also
requested the House and Senate Appropriations Committees to release funds to
complete “Phase One” of the project, design and construction development. The
31(...continued)
overtime pay.
32 Press release of the U.S. Capitol Preservation Commission, Oct. 15, 1999, p. l.
33 `U.S. Architect of the Capitol, The Capitol Visitor Center: Serving and Educating
Visitors to the United States Capitol, 1999 Revalidation Study, Executive Summary, to the
Capitol Preservation Commission, Oct. 1, 1999.
CRS-20
architect assumed that construction would begin in mid-2001, and be completed in
time for the 2005 presidential inauguration.
Construction plans will be submitted to the authorizing and appropriations
committees in “Phase Two.”
Appropriations and Other Funds Available. The current estimated cost of the
center is $265 million.34 Congress agreed to an FY1999 emergency supplemental
appropriation of $100 million to the architect “for planning, engineering, design, and
construction” of a Capitol visitors’ center. The funding was added in the conference
on H.R. 4328, the FY1999 Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act (P.L. 105-277).
Construction of the visitors’ center, conferees reasoned, would “provide greater
security for all persons working in or visiting the United States Capitol and a more
convenient place in which to learn of the work of Congress.”35 The FY1999
appropriation culminated nearly a decade of discussions over the feasibility of
construction of a center. Planning for a center began in 1991, when the Architect of
the Capitol received approval to use previously appropriated security enhancement
funds for the center’s conceptual planning and design.36
Congress stipulated that milestones be set in the center’s development, with each
to be approved by congressional committees with oversight. Congress changed the
approval authority from these committees to one entity, the U.S. Capitol Preservation
Commission, in the FY2000 appropriations for the legislative branch.
The conference report on H.R. 4328 stipulated that appropriated funds for the
project are to be supplemented by private funds, and the clerk of the House and the
secretary of the Senate were directed by the Capitol Preservation Commission to
develop a fund-raising plan. The clerk and secretary presented a plan on February 9,
2000, which the commission accepted, to authorize the Pew Charitable Trusts to
establish a nonprofit 501(c)(3) foundation to seek private funds. The target for the
foundation is $100,000. 37
34 Testimony of the Architect of the Capitol, U.S. Congress, House Committee on
Appropriations, Subcommittee on Legislative, Legislative Branch Appropriations for
FY2001, hearings, 106th Cong., 2nd sess., Feb. 1, 2000 (not yet printed).
35 “Conference Report on H.R. 4328, Making Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1999,” Congressional Record, daily edition,
vol. 144, Oct. 19, 1998, p. 11524. See also P.L. 105-277, 112 Stat. 2681-569.
36 U.S. Architect of the Capitol, United States Capitol Visitor Center: Final Design
Report (Washington: U.S. Architect of the Capitol, Nov. 10, 1995), p. 5. See also U.S.
Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, The Capitol Visitors’ Center: An
Overview, by Stephen Stathis, CRS Report 98-920 GOV (Washington: Mar. 30, 1999).
37 Testimony of the secretary of the Senate, Gary Sisco. U.S. Congress, Senate
Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Legislative Branch, Legislative Branch
Appropriations for FY2001, hearings, 106th Cong., 1st sess., March 21, 2000 (not yet printed).
CRS-21
In addition, $26.6 million in Capitol Preservation Commission funds are
reportedly available for the center;38 other funds will be available through the sale of
a recently approved commemorative coin program marking the 200th anniversary of
the convening of Congress in the Capitol.39
Use of such funds by the Capitol Preservation Commission is subject to approval
of the House and Senate Appropriations Committees.
Discussions During FY2000 Hearings. The issue was also discussed during
House and Senate hearings on the FY2000 budget of the Office of the Architect of
the Capitol; several subcommittee members urged the architect to move expeditiously
to construct a Capitol visitors’ center. A sponsor of earlier legislation authorizing
construction of the center, Representative John Mica, also spoke before the House
subcommittee in favor of the project. He stated that “my concern is that this project
may now be delayed, unduly putting off construction unnecessarily and adding costs
to the project.”40
Architect of the Capitol Issues
Architect of the Capitol Budget. Conferees agreed to $201.2 million for all
activities of the Architect of the Capitol, a decrease of 10.3%, or $23.2 million, from
the FY2000 level of $224.3 million. The FY2001 budget proposal was $247.2
million.
H.R. 4516, as passed, contained $137.2 million for the Architect in Title I and
Title II, excluding funds for Senate office buildings in Title I.41 The appropriation
was a decrease of 13.3%, or $21 million, from the FY2000 funding level of $158.2
million.
As reported, H.R. 4516 contained $129.9 million, a decrease of 17.9% from the
FY2000 appropriation of $158.2 million (excluding Senate items).
S. 2603, as passed, contained $169.6 million, a decrease of 0.06% from the
FY2000 appropriation of $169.7 million (excluding House activities).
The Office of the Architect of the Capitol’s budget is contained in two places in
a legislative branch appropriations bill, in Titles I and II. Title I contains funds for
the Capitol buildings and grounds, the Senate office buildings, the House office
buildings, and the Capitol power plant. Occasionally, funds for special projects are
included in Title I. For example, in the FY1999 legislative branch appropriations act,
38 Testimony of the secretary of the Senate, Gary Sisco, before the Senate Subcommittee
on Legislative Branch, Legislative Branch Appropriations for FY2000, hearings, March 24,
1999, p. 222.
39 P.L. 106-57; 113 Stat. 427.
40 Statement of Rep. John Mica, before the House Subcommittee on Legislative,
Legislative Branch Appropriations for FY2000, hearings, Feb. 10, 1999, p. 795.
41 The House does not consider funds for Senate activities.
CRS-22
Title I also contained the emergency supplemental of $100 million for a Capitol
visitors’ center.42
For Title I, the House and Senate consider separate requests because the House
budget request does not include Senate office building funds (which are determined
by the Senate), and the Senate budget request does not include House office building
funds (determined by the House). For FY2001, the total Title I budget request,
including funds for House and Senate office buildings, was $226.9 million, a $36
million increase, or 18.9%, over the FY2000 appropriation of $190.9 million.
Conferees on H.R. 4516 agreed to $185.2 million for Title I activities.
The House bill, as reported, contained $114.8 million in Title I, excluding Senate
items. This was a reduction of 17.1%, or $23.6 million, from the FY2000
appropriation of $138.4 million, excluding Senate items and including pending
supplemental appropriations. As passed, the House bill contained $121.4 million for
Title I.
The Senate bill contains $153.2 million in Title I, excluding House items, a
reduction of 0.4% from the FY2000 appropriation of $153.8 million, excluding House
items and pending supplemental appropriations.
Title II contains funds for the architect to maintain the buildings and grounds of
the Library of Congress (LOC). From time to time, other projects of the architect are
funded in Title II. For example, the FY1999 legislative branch appropriations act
contained a one-time appropriation of $1 million for the congressional cemetery in
Title II.
For Title II activities conferees agreed to $16.0 million.
The FY2001 budget request for Title II activities was $20.3 million, an increase
of $4.3 million, or 27%, over the appropriation of $16 million in FY2000. For Title
II activities, the House bill, as reported, contained $15.1 million, a reduction of $4.7
million, or 23.8%, from the FY2000 appropriation of $19.9 million, including
appropriations pending in the FY2000 supplemental, H.R. 3908. As passed, the
House bill contained $15.8 million in Title II. S. 2603 contained $16.3 million, a
1.9% increase from the FY2000 appropriation of $16.0 million.
Title II also contains funds for the Botanic Garden, which are administered by
the architect. In the legislative branch appropriations bill, funds for the Botanic
Garden are contained in a separate account; for purposes of this report, they are not
included within funding of the Office of the Architect of the Capitol.
42 Congress provided the additional funding “for planning, engineering, design, and
construction of a Capitol visitor center.” The architect is “directed not to expend any funds
for this project without an obligation plan approved by the House and Senate Committees on
Appropriations which shall specify the purpose and amount of anticipated obligations.”
CRS-23
Figure 4: Appropriations for the Architect, FY1995-FY2000
(in thousands of current dollars)
Figure 5: Appropriations for the Architect, FY1995-FY2000
(in thousands of constant dollars)
Botanic Garden. Conferees agreed to $3.3 million. The FY2001 request of
$4.9 million was an increase of $1.5 million, or 4.4%, over the FY2000 appropriation
of $3.4 million. The request contained $200,000 for the design of the renovation and
addition to the garden’s administrative building. The House bill, as reported and
passed, contained $3.2 million, a reduction of $222,000, or 6.5%, from the FY2000
level of $3.4 million, including appropriations in the pending supplemental, H.R.
3908. The Senate bill contained $3.7 million.
Funds were not requested for FY2001 for renovation of the conservatory, to be
completed in September 2000. Most of the renovation funds were made available in
the FY1997 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act (P.L. 104-197). A contract for
renovation was awarded in September 1998, with the architect authorized to award
contracts for additional garden projects if additional funds were available.43 A
privately funded national garden, a new addition to the Botanic Garden, will be
located next to the conservatory.
43 Ibid.
CRS-24
Support Agency Funding
Congressional Budget Office Budget. Conferees agreed to $28.5 million, the
request of the director of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). This is an increase
of $2.4 million, or 9.1%, over the FY2000 appropriation of $26.1 million. In his
testimony before the Senate Subcommittee on Legislative Branch, the director said
the increase was “largely necessitated by our need to compensate for a significant
funding shortfall in 2000 - our appropriation increase for fiscal year 2000 was only 1.8
percent, or $450,000.”44 He stated that the $450,000 increase was less than the $1.5
million necessary to meet additional expenses of pay and benefits for its 232 FTEs,
noting that the number of staff on payroll was 225.45
The additional FY2001 funds will also pay for mandatory pay and benefit
increases in FY200l, for enhanced computer technology ($588,000), and for expenses
of an increased workload, including a number of congressionally mandated reports
and studies.
The director also expressed concern about the ability of CBO to offer the salaries
necessary to attract and retain staff, noting that there was a loss of “very good
analysts and managers in 1999,” and that he expects “a significant number of senior
staff to retire in the next 12 months.” Approximately half of CBO managers and more
than half of its top executive are currently eligible to retire, with several others
becoming eligible to retire in the next three years.46
H.R. 4516, as reported, contained a $1.0 million, or 3.9%, reduction to $25.1
million from $26.1 million in FY2000. As passed, H.R. 4516 contained $27.4 million,
an increase of 4.9%, or $1.3 million. S. 2603 contained $992,000, a 3.8% increase
to $27.1 million.
44 Remarks of the director of CBO, Dan Crippen, before the Senate Subcommittee on
Legislative Branch, Legislative Appropriations for FY2001, hearing, Feb. 8, 2000 (not yet
printed).
45 FTE stands for full-time equivalent employee position. An FTE is determined by
dividing the total number of hours worked by the number of hours in a work year (2,080 ).
46 Ibid.
CRS-25
Figure 6: Appropriations for CBO, FY1996–FY2000
(in thousands of current dollars)
Figure 7: Appropriations for CBO, FY1996–FY2000
(in thousands of constant dollars)
General Accounting Office Budget. Conferees agreed to $384.9 million, an
increase of $7.3 million, or 1.9%, over the FY2000 funding level of $377.6 million.
The FY2001 budget request of the General Accounting Office (GAO) was $399.9
million.47 This is an increase of $22.4 million, or 5.9%, over the FY2000
appropriation of $377.6 million.48 Seventy-three percent of the increase, or $16.3
million, was requested for mandatory pay and related personnel costs.
In his testimony before the Senate Subcommittee on Legislative Branch, the
Comptroller General said that major initiatives in the FY2001 budget were in the area
of human resources.49 He noted that the FY2001 budget request maintains the
47 This figure does not include $3 million available to GAO from collections.
48 This figure does not include $1.4 million available to GAO from collections.
49 Testimony of Comptroller General of the United States David Walker, before the
Senate Subcommittee on Legislative Branch, Legislative Branch Appropriations for FY2001,
(continued...)
CRS-26
FY2000 FTE level of 3,275 (estimate), and that GAO would continue to use existing
staff resources before requesting additional personnel. Funds requested would allow
GAO to provide staff with enhanced training and rewards in line with those given in
the executive branch. In order to make the best use of existing staff, GAO is currently
revising its performance appraisal system in developing a new system for its
evaluators to assist in retaining existing staff. He also said that GAO was “sparse” at
the entry level due to the five-year freeze on hiring and downsizing since 1992.
The comptroller general discussed his request for legislative authority to allow
the agency greater flexibility in personnel matters, including the ability to offer early-
outs to selected individuals, to apply reductions-in-force so as to prevent an
unbalanced workforce, and, in order to attract and retain staff, to compensate selected
scientific and technical personnel at senior executive pay levels.
In his prepared testimony, the Comptroller General cited staff succession as a
major issue, noting the percentages of staff eligible to retire by the end of FY2004
(September 30, 2003). Those eligible will be 34% of evaluators and related staff,
48% of management evaluators, and 55% of senior executives.
H.R. 4516, as reported, reduced the budget of GAO by $26 million, or 6.9%, to
$351.5 million in FY2001 from $377.6 million in FY2000. The Appropriations
Committee included language in the report that the level of FY2001 funding “support
2,698 FTEs, a decrease of 577 below the number currently expected to be utilized in
fiscal 2000.”50
As passed, H.R. 4516 contained $368.9 million, a decrease of 2.3%, or $8.7
million.
S. 2603 contained an increase of $7.3 million, or 1.9%, to $384.9 million from
$377.6 million.
Figure 8: Appropriations for GAO, FY1995–FY2000
(in thousands of current dollars)
49(...continued)
hearing, Feb. 29, 2000 (not yet published).
50 House report, FY2001, p. 29.
CRS-27
Figure 9: Appropriations for GAO, FY1995-FY2000
(in thousands of constant dollars)
Library of Congress Budget. The budget of the Library of Congress is
included in both Title I and Title II of the legislative appropriations bill. Title I
contains funds for the Congressional Research Service; Title II contains funds for all
other activities of the Library of Congress.
Conferees agreed to a FY2001 funding level of $412.3 million, an increase of
4.6%, or $18.0 million, over the FY2000 level of $394.4.The FY2001 budget request
for activities of the Library of Congress in both titles was $428.1 million, an 8.6%
increase of $33.7 million from the FY2000 appropriation of $394.4 million.51 Almost
half of the increase, or $16.6 million, would meet mandatory pay and related
personnel costs, and price increases for goods and services.
Most of the remaining net increase of $27.1 million was to meet the costs of
workload increases related to support for the digital futures initiative to create the
National On-Line Library ($21.3 million); for additional domestic and international
digital content ($7.6 million); for storage, maintenance, and preservation of
collections ($3.2 million); for enhanced security of collections and facilities ($7
million); and for other activities. While increases total more than $27.1 million, they
were offset by decreases and savings in other areas - for example, savings of $2
million by the integrated library system and completion of funding for other programs.
Another concern of the Librarian during his FY2001 budget testimony was
continuation of a staff succession program. A recent risk assessment study of the
Library’s workforce showed that almost 45% of employees will be eligible to retire
in 2004. The FY2001 request contained $2.6 million for the plan, including
development of a recruitment program and establishment of an internal career
enhancement plan.
51 In addition, the Library would have authority to use $33.6 million in receipts from
sales.
CRS-28
The Librarian requested an increase of 192 FTE positions, increasing staff to
4,268 from 4,076, which is 6.0% lower than the Library’s staff in 1992. The primary
need for additional staff is to meet a significantly increased internet activity workload.
Library of Congress, Except CRS (in Title II). Conferees agreed to $338.7
million, an increase of $15.4 million, or 4.8%, over the FY2000 appropriation of
$323.4 million. The Title II budget request was $352.5 million, an increase of $29.1
million, or 9.0%, above the FY2000 appropriation. H.R. 4516 contained $323.9
million, an increase of $523,000, or 0.2%, over FY2001. S. 2603 contained a 0.7%
increase to $325.6 million.
Figure 10: Appropriations for LOC, Excluding CRS, FY1995–FY2000
(in thousands of current dollars)
Figure 11: Appropriations for LOC, Excluding CRS, FY1995–FY2000
(in thousands of constant dollars)
Congressional Research Service (in Title I). Conferees agreed to $73.6
million, an increase of $2.6 million, or 3.7%. The FY2001 Title II request was $75.6
million, an increase of $4.7 million, or 6.6%, from the FY2000 funding level of $71.0
million. Most of the request, or 72.7%, was to fund mandatory pay and related
personnel costs, and increases in prices due to inflation. The remaining $1.1 million
was to fund the third year of the staff succession program. Of this amount, $860,045
CRS-29
was to fund the program in FY2001, and $279,727 to restore positions lost in the
FY2000 rescission. Approximately half of all CRS staff will be eligible to retire by
2006.
H.R. 4516, as reported, reduced the budget of CRS by 6.7%, or $4.8 million, to
$66.2 million from the FY2000 appropriation of $70.97 million. It was estimated that
CRS staff would have been reduced by 114 FTE positions in FY2001.
As passed, H.R. 4516 contained $73.8 million, an increase of $2.8 million, or
4.0%. The Senate bill, S. 2603, contained $73.4 million, an increase of 3.4%, or $2.4
million.
Figure 12: Appropriations for CRS, FY1995–FY2000
(in thousands of current dollars)
Figure 13: Appropriations for CRS, FY1995–FY2000
(in thousands of constant $)
Government Printing Office (GPO) Budget. Conferees agreed to $99.4
million, a decrease of 3.6%, or $3.8 million, from the FY2000 appropriation of $103.2
million. The FY2001 request was $121.3 million, an increase of $18.1 million, or
17.5%, over FY2000. The primary reasons the Public Printer requested the increase
were expenses related to mandatory pay and related personnel benefits increases, and
to price increases for services and supplies; expenses of making government
CRS-30
documents electronically available through the Federal Depository Library program’s
electronic collection; and costs of an increased statutory workload requirement,
including publication of a new edition of the U.S. Code. The FY2001 request
included a direct appropriation of $6 million to the GPO revolving fund to replace
the agency’s air conditioning equipment.52
GPO is funded in Title I for congressional printing and binding, and in Title II
for the Office of Superintendent of Documents. Title II also contains funding from
time to time for the GPO revolving fund, as it does in the FY2001 request.
The FY2001 appropriation for Title I is $71.5 million. The request of $80.8
million was a 10.2% increase of $7.5 million over the FY2000 $73.3 million
appropriation. H.R. 4516, as reported, contained $65.5 million, a reduction of $7.8
million, or 10.7%, over FY2000. As passed, H.R. 4516 contained $69.6 million, a
reduction of $3.7 million, or 5.0%. The Senate’s bill contained $73.3 million, the
same as appropriated for FY2000.
The Title II appropriation in H.R. 4516 for FY2001 is $28.0 million, compared
with the Public Printer’s request of $40.5 million (including $6 million for the
revolving fund). H.R. 4516, as reported, contained $11.6 million, a reduction of
61.1%, or $18.3 million, from the FY2000 appropriation. As passed by the House,
H.R. 4516 contained $25.7 million, a reduction of 14.1%, or $4.2 million. S. 2603
contained $30.3 million, an increase of 1.3% over the FY2000 appropriation of $30.0
million.
The GPO budget reduction in H.R. 4516, as reported to the House, was 25.3%
when combining Title I and Title II appropriations. As passed, the total budget
reduction is 7.7%, or $7.9 million, to $95.3 million from $103.2 million in FY2000.
52 The GPO revolving fund is an account which is funded by reimbursements from sales
of publications and by appropriations. Appropriations are made for specific purposes. The
three major operations of the revolving fund are (1) preparation of electronic databases of
government publications; the procurement and production of printing, CD–ROMs, and
electronic formats; (2) public sales of government documents through the Superintendent of
Documents; and (3) public distribution of publications on behalf of federal government
agencies on a reimbursable basis.
CRS-31
Figure 14: Appropriations for GPO, FY1995–FY2000
(in thousands of current dollars)
Figure 15: Appropriations for GPO, FY1995-FY2000
(in thousands of constant dollars)
Major Funding Trends
Guide to Determining Legislative Budget Trends. Interpretation of budget
trends is determined primarily by three factors: (1) selection of current or constant
dollars to express budget authority (constant dollars reflecting the impact of inflation);
(2) selection of budget authority contained in annual appropriations bills, with or
without permanent budget authority (permanent budget authority not requiring annual
approval by Congress); and (3) selection of fiscal years to be compared.
Selection of Current or Constant Dollars. Current-dollar data reflect actual
budget authority appropriated each year. Constant-dollar data reflect the conversion
of actual budget authority into equivalent 2000 dollars. For example, Congress
appropriated budget authority of $41,793,000 for the Senate in FY1968, excluding
permanent budget authority. Converted into 2000 dollars, $41,793,000 is
$204,641,586.
When reviewing the 31-year growth of the Senate budget from FY1968-FY2000
in current dollars, the increase amounts to 830.8%. In constant dollars, the increase
CRS-32
is 90.1%. The constant-dollar figure indicates budget growth after the effects of
inflation are neutralized.
Selection of Fiscal Years. Differences also appear based on choice of fiscal
years used to compare budgets. For example, a comparison of budget growth,
FY1968 and FY2000, shows these changes in total legislative budgets after
adjustment for inflation: FY1968-FY2000, +90.1%; FY1972-FY2000, +13.0%; and
FY1978-FY2000, -8.8%.53
Changes in the 1970s significantly affected the congressional budget.
Implementation by Congress of the 1970 Legislative Reorganization Act increased the
budgets and staffs of congressional committees and support agencies from FY1971
through FY1978. For example, the increase in total legislative budget authority,
adjusted for inflation, from FY1969 (pre-1970 Reorganization Act) through FY1973
(a year of significant implementation of the 1970 Act) was 64.5%.
The legislative budget during the 1970s also reflected implementation of the
1974 Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act, which created the House
and Senate Budget Committees and the Congressional Budget Office. Also, Congress
began to provide significant funding for its computer capabilities. This growth in the
legislative budget stabilized by FY1978 and has remained fairly level since that time.
Current Legislative Budget Trends. Between FY1978 and FY2000, the total
legislative budget, adjusted for inflation, decreased by 8.9%. Budget authority for
direct congressional operations in Title I decreased by 4.1% over this time.
Throughout the 12 years following FY1978 (FY1979-FY1990), the legislative
budget remained lower than the FY1978 budget authority, when adjusted for inflation.
The first increase over the FY1978 budget occurred in FY1991, a 1.1% increase from
the FY1978 level.
Compared to the FY1978 budget, funding increased again in FY1992, FY1995,
FY1997, FY1998, and FY1999, and decreased in FY1993, FY1994, FY1996, and
FY2000, when adjusted for inflation. If inflation is taken into account, the total
legislative budget decreased by 5.9% between FY1994 and FY2000. Without
allowing for inflation, the change between FY1994 and FY2000 was an increase of
8.2%.
53 These figures are based on constant dollars and do not include permanent budget
authority, which is not included in the annual legislative branch appropriations bill, but,
rather, is automatically funded annually.
CRS-33
Table 2. Legislative Branch Appropriations, FY1995 to FY2000
(budget authority in billions of current dollars)a
FY1995
FY1996
FY1997
FY1998
FY1999
FY2000
2.378
2.184
2.203
2.288
2.581b
2.475c
aThese figures represent current dollars, exclude permanent budget authorities, and contain supplementals and
rescissions. Permanent budget authorities are not included in the annual legislative branch appropriations bill
but, rather, are automatically funded annually.
b Includes budget authority contained in the FY1999 regular annual legislative branch appropriations act (P.L.
105-275), the FY1999 emergency supplemental appropriation (P.L. 105-277), and the FY1999 supplemental
appropriation (P.L. 106-31).
c Includes budget authority contained in the FY2000 regular annual legislative branch appropriations act (P.L.
106-57), a supplemental and a 0.38% rescission in P.L. 106-113, and a supplemental in P.L. 106-246.
CRS-34
Table 3. Legislative Branch Appropriations, FY2001
(in thousands of current dollars)
Enacted in
FY2000
Regular
FY2001
House Bill,
Senate Bill,
Entity
Annual Act, a
As Reported
Conf.
0.38%
Request
As Passedld
e
Rescission, and
Supplementals
a
Title I: Congressional Operations
Senate
487,370
558,823
--
506,406
506,797
House of Representatives
757,993
800,738
769,551
--
769,766
Joint Items
98,752
134,078
112,629
124,821
118,895
Office of Compliance
1,992
2,095
1,816
2,066
1,820
Congressional Budget Office
26,121
28,493
27,403
27,113
28,493
Architect of the Capitol, excluding Library
Buildings and Grounds
204,474
226,927
121,352
153,246
185,190
.
Congressional Research Service, Library of
Congress
70,973
75,640
73,810
73,374
73,592
Congressional Printing and Binding,
Government Printing Office
73,297
80,800
69,626
73,297
71,462
Subtotal, Title I
1,720,972
1,907,594
1,176,187d
960,323e
1,756,015
Title II: Other Legislative Agencies
Botanic Garden
3,438
4,916
3,216
3,653
3,328
Library of Congress, except Congressional
Research Serviceb
323,380c
352,447
323,903
325,632
338,729
Library Buildings and Grounds, Architect
of the Capitol
19,857
20,278
15,837
16,347
15,970
Government Printing Office, except
Congressional Printing and Binding
29,872
40,451
25,652
30,255
27,954
General Accounting Office
377,561
399,918
368,896
384,867
384,867
Subtotal, Title II
754,108
818,010
737,504
760,754
770,848
Grand Total
2,475,080
2,725,604
1,913,691d
1,721,077e
2,526,863
Sources: House and Senate Appropriations Committees.
a Includes budget authority contained in the FY2000 regular annual legislative branch appropriations act in P.L. 106-57, a supplemental and
0.38% rescission contained in P.L. 106-113, and a supplemental contained in P.L. 106-246. Figures do not include appropriations in the
pending supplemental, H.R. 3908, as passed by the House on March 30, 2000.
b In FY2000, the Library has authority to spend $33.1 million in receipts.
c This figure includes a supplemental of $10 million for the Russian leadership program contained in P.L. 106-113.
d These figures do not contain appropriations for the Senate. The House does not consider appropriations in Title I for Senate internal
activities and Senate activities funded under the Architect of the Capitol.
e These figures do not contain appropriations for the House. The Senate does not consider appropriations in Title I for House internal
activities and House activities funded under the Architect of the Capitol.
CRS-35
Table 4. Senate Items, FY2001
(in thousands of current dollars)
Enacted FY2000
in Regular
Senate
Annual Act, a
FY2001
Accountsa
House Bill
Bill
Conf.
0.38%
Request
Rescission, and
Supplementalsd
Expense Allowances/Representation
86
86
92
92
--
Salaries, Officers, and Employees
89,968
93,253
92,321
92,321
--
Office of Legislative Counsel
3,901
4,046
4,046
4,046
--
Office of Legal Counsel
1,035
1,069
1,069
1,069
--
Expense Allowances for Secretary of
Senate, et al.
12
12
12
12
--
Contingent Expenses, Subtotal
394,404e
460,357
408,866
409,116
--
Inquiries and Investigations
71,604
74,136
--
73,000
73,000
Senate Intl. Narcotics Control Caucus
370
370
--
370
370
Secretary of the Senateb
1,511
2,077
--
2,077
2,077
Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeperc
66,261
101,228
--
71,261
71,511
Miscellaneous Items
8,655
8,655
--
8,655
8,655
Senators’ Official Personnel and Office
Expense Account
245,703
273,591
--
253,203
253,203
Official Mail Costs
300
300
--
300
300
Total, Senate (excluding 0.38%
rescission)
489,406
558,823
506,406
506,797
--
Total, Senate (including 0.38%
rescission)
487,370
558,823
506,406
506,797
--
Source: House and Senate Appropriations Committees.
a There are six Senate appropriations headings; they are indicated in bold print.
b Office operations of the secretary of the Senate also are funded under “Salaries, Officers, and Employees.”
c Activities of the Office of Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper are also funded under “Salaries, Officers, and Employees.”
d Includes budget authority contained in the FY2000 regular annual Legislative Branch Appropriations Act (P.L. 106-57) and a supplemental
and rescission of 0.38% contained in P.L. 106-113.
e The contingent expenses appropriation heading is $392.4 million when including a 0.38% rescission of $2.036 million, pursuant to P.L.
106-113. The rescission was made in six of the seven accounts within the contingent expenses heading, with the exception of the official
mail costs heading. Sources provide the revised FY2000 appropriation adjusted for the rescission for the contingent expenses heading
(revising the appropriation from $394.404 million to $392.360 million), but do not provide the adjusted amounts for the six accounts. As
a result, the seven headings add to $394.4 million, not to $392.4 million.
CRS-36
Table 5. House of Representatives Items, FY2001
(in thousands of current dollars)
Enacted in
FY2000
Regular
Annual Act, a
0.38%
House
Rescission, and
FY2001
Bill,
Senate
Supplementals
Accountsa
d
Request
As Passed
Bill
Conf.
Payments to Widows and Heirs of Deceased Members
of Congress
0
0
0
—
0
Salaries and Expenses, Total
757,993
800,738
769,551
769,766
House Leadership Offices (subtotal)
14,060
14,704
14,378
—
14,378
Members’ Representational Allowances
(subtotal)b
406,279
422,894
410,182
—
410,182
Committee Employees (subtotal) c
114,973
121,772
112,824
112,824
Standing Committees, Special and Select
(except Appropriations)
(93,878)
(99,242)
(92,196)
—
(92,196)
Appropriations Committee
(21,095)
22,530
(20,628)
(20,628)
Salaries, Officers, and Employees (subtotal)
90,150
98,546
90,403
—
90,403
Allowances and Expenses (subtotal)
132,531
142,822
141,764
--
141,979
Supplies, Materials, Administrative
Costs and Federal Tort Claims
(2,741)
(3,381)
(2,235)
—
(2,235)
Official Mail (Committees,
leadership, administrative and
legislative offices)
(410)
(410)
(410)
—
(410)
(138,35
Government Contributions
(128,704)
5)
(138,726)
—
(138,726)
Miscellaneous Items
(676)
(676)
(393)
—
(393)
Total, House
757,993
800,738
769,551
—
769,766
Sources: House Appropriations Committee.
a The appropriations bill has two House accounts: (1) payments to widows and heirs of deceased Members of Congress and (2) salaries and
expenses.
b This appropriation heading was new in the FY1996 bill. The heading represents a consolidation of (1) the former heading Members’ clerk
hire; (2) the former heading official mail costs; and (3) the former subheading official expenses of Members, under the heading allowances
and expenses.
c This appropriation heading was new in the FY1996 bill. The heading represents a consolidation of (1) the former heading committee
employees; (2) the former heading standing committees, special and select; (3) the former heading Committee on Budget (studies);
and (4) the former heading Committee on Appropriations (studies and investigations).
d Includes budget authority contained in the FY2000 regular annual Legislative Branch Appropriations Act in P.L. 106-57, and a supplemental
and a rescission of 0.38% contained in P.L. 106-113.
CRS-37
Table 6. Legislative Branch Budget Authority Contained in Appropriations Acts, FY1995-
FY2000
(Does not include permanent budget authority; in thousands of current dollars)
FY2000,
Including
FY1995
F Y1996
FY1997
FY1998
FY1999d
Suppl'm'tals,
and 0.38%
Rescissionl
Title I: Congressional Operationsa
Senate
460,581
426,919
441,208
461,055
474,891e
487,370
House of Representativesb
728,736
670,561
684,098
709,008
740,481f
757,993
Joint Itemsb
85,489
81,839
88,581
86,711
204,916g
98,752
Office of Compliance
0
2,500
2,609
2,479
2,086
1,992
Office of Technology
21,320
6,115
0
0
0
0
Assessment
Congressional Budget Office
23,001
24,288
24,532
24,797
25,671
26,121
Architect of the Capitol, except
157,190
142,970
140,674
192,156
289,746h
204,474
Library Buildings and Grounds
Congressional Research
60,084
60,084
62,641
64,603
67,124
70,973
Service, Library of Congress
Congressional Printing and
Binding, Government Printing
84,724
83,770
81,669
81,669
74,465
73,297
Office
Total, Title Ib
1,621,125
1,499,046
1,526,012
1,622,478
1,879,380
1,720,972
Title II: Other Agenciesa
Botanic Garden
3,230
3,053
36,402
3,016
3,052
3,438
Library of Congress, except
262,866
264,616
269,117
282,309
296,516i
323,380m
CRS
Library Buildings and
Grounds, Architect of the
12,483
12,428
9,753
11,573
13,672j
19,857
Capitol
Government Printing Office,
except Congressional Printing
31,607
30,307
29,077
29,077
29,264
29,872
and Binding
General Accounting Office
446,743
374,406
332,520
339,499
359,268k
377,561
Total, Title II
756,929
684,810
676,869
665,474
701,771
754,108
Grand Total b,c
2,378,054
2,183,856
2,202,881
2,287,952
2,581,152
2,475,080
See notes at end of Table 7.
CRS-38
Table 7. Legislative Branch Budget Authority Contained in Appropriations Acts, FY1995-
FY2000
(Does not include permanent budget authority; in thousands of constant 2000 (est.) dollars)
FY2000,
Including
FY1995
FY1996
FY1997
FY1998
FY1999d
Suppl'm'tals,
and 0.38%
Rescissionl
Title I: Congressional Operationsa
Senate
514,930
455,096
468,563
481,803
485,814e
487,370
House of Representativesb
814,727
714,818
726,512
740,913
757,512f
757,993
Joint Itemsb
95,577
87,240
94,073
90,613
209,629g
98,752
Office of Compliance
0
2,665
2,770
2,591
2,134
1,992
Office of Technology
23,836
6,519
0
0
0
0
Assessment
Congressional Budget Office
25,715
25,891
26,053
25,913
26,261
26,121
Arch. of the Capitol, except
Library Buildings and
175,738
152,406
149,396
200,803
296,410h
204,474
Grounds
Congressional Research
67,174
64,050
66,525
67,510
68,668
70,973
Service, Library of Congress
Congressional Printing and
Binding, Government
94,721
89,299
86,733
85,344
76,178
73,297
Printing Office
TOTAL, Title I b
1,812,418
1,597,983
1,620,625
1,695,490
1,922,606
1,720,972
Title II: Other Agencies a
Botanic Garden
3,611
3,255
38,659
3,152
3,122
3,438
Library of Congress, except
293,884
282,081
285,802
295,013
303,336i
323,380m
CRS
Library Buildings and
Grounds, Architect of the
13,956
13,248
10,358
12,094
13,987j
19,857
Capitol
Government Printing Office,
except Congressional
35,337
32,307
30,880
30,386
29,937
29,872
Printing and Binding
General Accounting Office
499,459
399,117
353,136
354,777
367,531k
377,561
Total, Title II
846,247
730,008
718,835
695,420
717,912
754,108
Grand Total b,c
2,658,664
2,327,991
2,339,460
2,390,910
2,640,519
2,475,080
CRS-39
Sources: Budget authorities for FY1994–FY2000 are from the House Appropriations Committee. FY1995 budget authorities
reflect rescissions and a supplemental contained in P.L. 104-19, 109 Stat. 219-221, July 27, 1995, FY1995 Supplemental and
Rescissions Act (H.R. 1944). FY1996 budget authorities reflect rescissions contained in P.L. 104-208, 110 Stat. 3009-510-511,
Sept. 30, 1996, FY1997 Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act (H.R. 3610). FY1998 budget authorities represent
supplementals contained in P.L. 105-174, May 1, 1998, and an $11 million transfer to the Government Printing Office (GPO)
from the GPO revolving fund. FY1999 budget authorities contain emergency supplemental appropriations in P.L. 105-277,
and supplemental appropriations in P.L. 106-31. FY2000 budget authorities contain a supplemental and a 0.38% rescission in
P.L. 106-113. Totals reflect rounding.
FY1999 budget authority contains $223.7 million in emergency supplemental appropriations (P.L. 105-277), and $3.8 million
for expenses of a House page dormitory and $1.8 million for expenses of life safety renovations to the O’Neill House
Office Building (P.L. 106-31). The FY1999 appropriation also contains a recission of $3.5 million, and a supplemental
for the same amount in P.L. 106-31.
Excludes permanent federal funds (in thousands of current dollars): FY1995, $343,000; FY1996, $302,000; FY1997,
$325,000; FY1998, $333,000; FY1999, $358,000; and FY2000, $279,000. Sources are the U.S. Budget and the House
and Senate Committees on Appropriations.
Excludes permanent trust funds (in current dollars, in thousands): FY1995, $16,000; FY1996, $31,000; FY1997, $29,000;
FY1998, $29,999; FY1999, $47,000; and FY2000, $51,000. Sources are the U.S. Budget and the House and Senate
Committees on Appropriations.
The formula for conversion to constant dollars is as follows: 2000 Consumer Price Index (CPI) number divided by each year’s
CPI number multiplied by that year’s budget authority. The CPI index numbers used were 152.4 (1995), 156.9 (1996),
160.5 (1997), 163.0 (1998), 166.6 (1999), and 170.4 (2000 est.). Source for 1995-1999 index figures is the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Source for 2000 estimate is the Congressional Budget Office.
a Prior to FY1978, the legislative branch appropriations act contained numerous titles. Effective in FY1978, Congress
restructured the legislative bill so that it would “more adequately reflect actual costs of operating the U.S. Congress than
has been true in the past years” (H.Rept. 95-450, FY1978 Legislative Appropriations). As a result, the act was divided
into two titles. Title I, Congressional Operations, was established to contain appropriations for the actual operation of
Congress. Title II, Related Agencies, was established to contain the budgets for activities not considered as providing
direct support to Congress.
Periodically, the act has contained additional titles for such purposes as capital improvements and special one-time functions.
b FY1996 figures contain rescissions in the Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act, FY1997 (P.L. 104-208, Sept. 28, 1996).
Provisions applicable to legislative branch budget authority in P.L. 104-208 appear in Congressional Record, daily
edition, vol. 142, Sept. 28, 1996, pp. H11778-H11779.
c Grand totals reflect rounding and, as a result, may differ slightly from totals obtained by adding Titles I and II in this table.
d Includes budget authority contained in the FY1999 regular annual Legislative Branch Appropriations Act (P.L. 105-275),
$223.7 million in FY1999 emergency supplemental appropriations in P.L. 105-277, and $5.6 million in FY1999
supplemental appropriations in P.L. 106-31.
e Includes $5.5 million in emergency supplementals under the sergeant at arms for completion of Year-2000 computer
conversion (P.L. 105-277).
f Includes $6.373 million in emergency supplementals under the chief administrative officer for completion of Year–2000
computer conversion (P.L. 105-277), and includes a rescission of $3.5 million from the House heading “salaries, officers,
and employees” and a supplemental appropriation of $3.5 million for the chief administrative officer for replacement of
the House payroll system (P.L. 106-31).
g Includes $106,782,000 for emergency security enhancements funded under the Capitol Police Board’s general expenses
account (P.L. 105-277). The total Joint Items figure also includes $2 million for the Trade Deficit Review Commission.
hThis figure includes $100,000,000 for design and construction of a Capitol visitors’ center, funded under the Architect of the
Capitol’s Capitol buildings account, in “salaries and expenses” (P.L. 105-277), and includes $3.8 million for expenses
of a House page dormitory and $1.8 million for expenses of life safety renovations to the O’Neill House Office Building
(P.L. 106-31).
i In FY1999, the Library had authority to spend $28 million in receipts.
j Includes $1 million for the Congressional Cemetery.
k Includes $5 million in emergency supplemental appropriations under the salaries and expenses account of the General
Accounting Office for completion of the Year-2000 computer conversion (P.L. 105-277).
l Includes regular annual appropriations and a 0.38% rescission and supplemental in P.L. 106-113. Figures do not contain
appropriations pending in the FY2000 supplemental, H.R. 3908, passed by the House on March 30, 2000.
m In FY2000, the Library has authority to spend $33.1 million in receipts.
CRS-40
For Additional Reading
CRS Reports
CRS Report RL30212. Legislative Branch Appropriations for FY2000, by Paul
Dwyer
CRS Report 98-212. Legislative Branch Appropriations for FY1999, by Paul Dwyer.
CRS Report RL30083. Supplemental Appropriations and Rescissions for FY1999,
coordinated by Larry Nowels.
Selected World Wide Web Sites
These sites contain information on the FY2000 legislative branch appropriations
request and legislation, and the appropriations process.
House Committee on Appropriations
[http://www.house.gov/appropriations]
Senate Committee on Appropriations
[http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/]
CRS Appropriations Products Guide
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html]
Congressional Budget Office
[http://www.cbo.gov]
General Accounting Office
[http://www.gao.gov]
Office of Management & Budget
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/EOP/OMB/html/ombhome.html]