Order Code RL30668
CRS Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
Economic Indicators: Country Comparisons
September 5, 2000
(name redacted)
Research Associate
Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

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Economic Indicators: Country Comparisons
Summary
Policymaking in this time of globalization often requires information about the
economic output of various countries, how those countries’ economies compare with
one another, and where the United States stands relative to the rest of the world. This
report provides a summary of output measures, explaining their strengths and
weaknesses, and various cross-country comparisons. It does not delve into any of
several other measures of economic performance that also may be of use depending
on the focus of a particular line of inquiry.
Although perhaps seemingly straight forward, comparing the economic output
of national economies can be complicated for several reasons. First, there are
different indicators to choose from when contrasting national economies. These
include gross national product (GNP), per capita GNP, purchasing power parity
(PPP) per capita GNP, and (for contrasting purposes) the human development index
(HDI). Each measure has relative strengths and weaknesses and no one measure
provides a complete picture for comparative purposes.
Second, while all country data originate from national governments, comparing
them raises numerous problems. The World Bank is a primary source for cross-
country economic (and social) data and is the source of data comparison used in this
report--with the exception of one table constructed from United Nations data. As a
single comprehensive source, the World Bank has many advantages: standardization,
reliability, and completeness. Perhaps most importantly, using a single consistent
source when comparing national economies reduces the possibility of distortion from
varying data collection and report methods that can occur when multiple sources are
being used.
According to these measures, the United States ranks first in total gross national
product (GNP), tenth in per capita GNP, fourth in per capita GNP adjusted for
purchasing power, and third using a broader indicator of economic and social well
being.
After discussing the merits of various output measures, this report provides a
detailed comparison of economic output among the world’s economies, including
tables summarizing GNP, per capita GNP, PPP GNP, and HDI, along with
comparisons of selected countries by each category. This report concludes with a list
of sources and appendix of acronyms and abbreviations.

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Contents
Statistical Data Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Measures of National Economic Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Gross National Product (GNP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Real GNP/GDP and Other Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Per Capita Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Purchasing Power Parity Gross National Product (PPP GNP) . . . . . . . . . . 7
Human Development Index (HDI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Tables of National Economic Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Gross National Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Per Capita Gross National Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Gross National Product Rankings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Per Capita GNP Rankings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Purchasing Power Parity Per Capita GNP Rankings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Comparison of Various Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Human Development Index Rankings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Sources for Statistical Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Appendix A. Acronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

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Economic Indicators: Country Comparisons
Congressional interest in international affairs frequently turns to cross-country
comparisons of economic performance. In particular, policymaking in this time of
globalization often requires information on the economic income and output of
various countries, how those countries’ economies compare with one another, and
where the United States stands relative to the rest of the world. This report responds
to this interest by presenting selected indicators of economic output, clarifying how
they are measured and interpreted, and providing comparative data among various
countries. It also presents one broader indicator of human development to highlight
the fact that economic output, although useful, is limited as a measure of economic
and social well being.1 According to these measures, the United States ranks first in
total gross national product (GNP), tenth in per capita GNP, fourth in per capita GNP
adjusted for purchasing power, and third using a broader indicator of economic and
social well being.
Statistical Data Sources
International economic data is available from many reliable sources including: the
World Bank (WB); the International Monetary Fund (IMF); United Nations (U.N.);
the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); and others.
This report relies heavily on data from the World Bank because it is a frequently-cited
source.2 In addition, even though it may appear at times that a domestic source
provides more current or accurate data (U.S. economic statistics, for example), the
World Bank is a highly accurate cross-national source known for its standardized,
reliable, and comprehensive information.
A single consistent data series allows for meaningful cross-country comparisons
and the World Bank offers several advantages in this regard because its data:3
! must be reported using a common methodology and standardized
procedures;
1 The report does not delve into other broad macroeconomic and social indicators. For a
discussion of some, see CRS Report RL30449: Debt and Development in Poor Countries:
Rethinking Policy Responses, by (name redacted) . March 1, 2000. pp. 1-4. For inquiries
related to this report, contact Jeff Hornbeck.
2 World Bank data may be found in: World Development Indicators, World Development
Report, and World Development Indicators CD-ROM. Selected portions of the CD-ROM
are available on-line at [http://www.worldbank.org/data]
3 World Bank. World Development Report 1999/2000, 2000, p. 227.

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CRS-2
! reflect World Bank primary data collection efforts, working with
member country statistical sources;
! incorporate information from other international organizations and
research institutes such as the U.N., IMF and OECD, when
necessary;
! reflect collective professional judgement regarding data reliability and
consistency, particularly with some (often smaller developing)
countries for which this would otherwise prove difficult;
! allow for meaningful ranking of countries by various measures. (A
note of caution, however. These are rankings of order only – the
rankings alone do not necessarily provide a complete indication of
the relative strength or weakness of national economies.)
Despite the World Bank’s concerted effort to provide consistent and accurate
data, collecting large quantities of information from many sources remains inherently
problematic. The World Bank points to the many local factors limiting data
usefulness, noting that “although international standards of coverage, definition, and
classification apply to most statistics reported by countries and international agencies,
there are inevitable differences in coverage, currentness, and the capabilities and
resources devoted to basic data collection and compilation.”4 When contrasting
economic indicators derived from various countries it is important to realize that
“Considerable effort has been made to standardize the data, but full compatibility
cannot be assured, and care must be taken in interpreting the indicators.”5
Care must also be taken in comparing figures collected by the World Bank with
those provided by other agencies. Mixing data from various reporting agencies may
reflect different collection methods and basic sources, and although the data may be
equally accurate, it may not be suitable for direct comparison. Data reported by
separate agencies may vary because of differences in definitions, methodology, and
presentation.
Another source that this report uses is the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP). This organization publishes the human development index
(HDI), which is used as a broad measure of development contrasted herein with
narrower indicators of economic output. As discussed later, the rankings generated
by the human development index can vary greatly from those of the other indicators
in this report.
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid., p. 273

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CRS-3
Measures of National Economic Output
There are several indicators that can be used to compare economic output across
countries. Two commonly used measures are gross national product (GNP) and per
capita gross national product. The World Bank has also developed a method called
purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita gross national product. Another helpful
measure in conducting cross-national comparisons is the UNDP’s Human
Development Index (HDI). Since the HDI uses PPP GNP per capita as one of its
variables, it is related to these other measures of output, but the comparison is
expanded by adding two social factors (life expectancy and education) to provide a
broader, although crude, measure of comparative development.
The several measures are not interchangeable. When comparing the output of
different countries, analysts must ensure that they are using identical figures from a
common source. Similarly, national rankings vary from measure to measure. For
example, the United States far outpaces all other countries in total GNP, but ranks
tenth in per capita GNP, fourth in PPP per capita GNP, and third in the HDI. Two
other examples, Russia and Gabon, illustrate even more dramatically how ranking can
vary depending on the measure used. The following chart shows the ranking for each
country in four different measures:

Chart 1. Economic Performance: A Comparison of Russia and Gabon
RUSSIA
GABON
Measure
Rank
Measure
Rank
GNP
16th
GNP
107th
Per Capita GNP
97th
Per Capita GNP
72nd
PPP GNP
83rd
PPP GNP
89th
HDI
62nd
HDI
123rd
Source: World Bank and United Nations (HDI).
The variation evident in these rankings is the product of several factors:
! In the case of Russia, the country remains one of the world’s largest
economies with a GNP ranking 16th, but that GNP is spread across
a large population, leading to a relatively low per capita GNP.
However, that is somewhat compensated for by the cost of living, as
shown by the higher ranking for PPP GNP. Furthermore, the HDI
rank indicates that Russian quality of life is somewhat higher than
what you would expect based on the per capita GNP ranking alone,
but considerably lower than the total GNP would seem to indicate;
! In the case of Gabon, the difference between the GNP and per capita
GNP ranks indicates that the country is producing more per person
than other countries with a similar GNP. However, the lower PPP

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CRS-4
GNP per capita indicates that the cost of living in Gabon is high in
comparison to the per capita GNP. Perhaps most tellingly, the HDI
rank for Gabon is much lower than the per capita GNP would lead
one to believe it should be.
(See table 6, page 15, for a comparison of the top twenty countries ranked by overall
GNP, per capita GNP and per capita PPP GNP.)
These cases emphasize the importance of looking to various economic indicators
when comparing countries. Depending on which measure is used, a country may rank
higher or lower on a relative scale.
Gross National Product (GNP)
GNP is the broadest measure of economic output by one nation. It is “the value
of final goods and services produced by domestically owned factors of production
within a given time period.”6 It is reported as an annual rate. A particular country’s
GNP is the sum of the output generated by domestically-owned enterprises plus
profits earned abroad by foreign subsidiaries of domestic parent companies and
returned to the home country. GNP also accounts for taxes (less subsidies) that are
not counted as part of the production.7 It does not include the profits generated by
foreign-owned corporations or individuals and taken out of the country. The World
Bank uses the output approach to measure a country’s GNP (rather than the demand
approach or total purchases plus inventory accumulation).8 In broad terms, this
method measures the value added at each stage of a good’s production.
For comparative purposes, the World Bank converts all GNP figures into U.S.
dollars. The Bank uses its Atlas Method of conversion to minimize the impact of
currency fluctuations.9 Instead of using the exchange rate of the dollar against a
particular country’s currency on a given day, the Atlas Method takes an average
exchange rate over the previous three years to calculate the current value in dollars
for the country’s GNP. Fluctuations in the dollar’s value can sometimes give the
impression of growth or recession in foreign economies when, in fact, the changes are
caused by variations in the dollar’s worth relative to the local currency.
(See table 1, page 10, for an alphabetical listing of countries and their GNP. See
table 3, page 12, for country rankings by GNP.)
6 Dornbusch, Rudiger, and Stanley Fischer. 1994. Macroeconomics Sixth Edition. New York:
McGraw-Hill. p. 31.
7 World Bank. 2000. World Development Report 1999/2000. New York: Oxford University
Press. p. 274.
8 World Bank. 2000. World Development Report 1999/2000. New York: Oxford University
Press. p. 274.
9 For a discussion of the Atlas Method of currency conversion, see the World Development
Report 1999/2000, p. 287-288.

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CRS-5
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
GDP is similar in nature to GNP, but measures all production within the borders
of one country. Formally defined, it is “the value of all final goods and services
produced in the country within a given time period,”10 usually one year. Production
by all firms, governments and individuals, regardless of their national origin, is
counted in the GDP.11 This means that the production of British companies and
Japanese citizens operating in the United States are measured as part of the U.S.
GDP. Similarly, the production of American firms operating in Brazil is not counted
as part of the U.S. GDP, but as part of the Brazilian GDP. The United States began
using GDP to measure domestic economic performance in December 1991.12
GNP and GDP both reflect the output of national economies in terms of market
prices, so inflation can distort the picture over the long run. Therefore, when
evaluating the growth in either GNP or GDP, it is important to use figures that are
adjusted for inflation, known as real GNP or real GDP. For international
comparisons, the adjustment for inflation is calculated using deflators published by the
International Monetary Fund.
Real GNP/GDP and Other Adjustments
Both GNP and GDP measure the value of products that are bought and sold in
the marketplace. Measuring only market transactions leads to undercounting because
of the following:
! GNP and GDP measure only the formal economy. In most developed
countries, this is a limited concern. In many developing countries,
however, the informal economy or the exchange of goods and
services between individuals “off the books” plays an important role
in and composes a significant share of the “actual” economy. There
have been attempts to measure the contribution of the informal
economy to national production, but a significant portion of some
national economies goes unmeasured by GNP or GDP.
! Neither GNP nor GDP measures the value of services or goods that
individuals provide for themselves. If that same good or service is
provided in the marketplace, these measures do capture its value.
Thus, GNP and GDP fail to capture the output generated by self-
provision.
! GNP and GDP also fail to measure the value of leisure time to
consumers or the value of a clean environment. Although these may
10 Dornbusch, Rudiger, and Stanley Fischer. 1994. Macroeconomics Sixth Edition. New
York: McGraw-Hill. p. 29.
11 Ibid, p. 29-30.
12 Executive Office of the President. Council of Economic Advisors. 1992 Economic Report
of the President. Washington, D.C.: GPO. p. 246.

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CRS-6
enhance the quality of life, GNP and GDP do not reflect this value to
individuals.
! Countries that receive high levels of foreign aid have infusions into
their economy that are not measured by GNP or GDP. Thus, the
consumption level can be much higher than either of these measures
of production would suggest.
The major difference between GNP and GDP is what is included in calculating
the figures (in technical terms, net foreign factor income). As noted above, the U.S.
government now uses GDP to track the performance of the domestic economy. The
switch from GNP to GDP was made because “GDP corresponds more closely to
other indicators of domestic short-term economic performance.”13 However, the
World Bank continues to use GNP to make cross-country economic comparisons.14
This is important to note. The comparison of one country’s GDP with another
country’s GNP can present a distorted picture, especially if there is a large difference
in the level of income taken out of or brought into the two countries.
For some countries, there is little difference between the level of GNP and GDP.
This is true in most industrialized countries, such as the United States, because
domestic firms return approximately the same amount of income from abroad as
foreign firms derive from the local economy. For developing countries, however,
there can be a substantial difference between the two measures for two reasons:
! Some countries have many citizens who work abroad. High levels
of international earnings can cause GNP to be higher than GDP.
! Other countries have high levels of foreign investment in their
economy with little or no corresponding investment abroad. This can
lead to large profits being repatriated without the balancing effect of
foreign earnings flowing back into the local economy. In this
situation, GNP may be low in relation to GDP.15
Per Capita Measurement
Demographic factors can also complicate cross-country economic comparisons.
Contrasting the overall GNP of the United States ($7.9 trillion) with the next largest
economy in the world, Japan ($4.1 trillion), shows that the U.S. GNP is almost twice
that of Japan’s. But this does not take into consideration that the population of the
United States (270 million) is roughly twice that of Japan’s (126 million). GNP is
useful when considering geopolitical and strategic policies. It is an indicator of the
13 Executive Office of the President. Council of Economic Advisors. 1992 Economic Report
of the President. Washington, D.C.: GPO. p. 248.
14 World Bank. 2000. World Development Report 1999/2000. New York: Oxford University
Press. p. 274.
15 Executive Office of the President. Council of Economic Advisors. 1992 Economic Report
of the President. Washington, D.C.: GPO. p. 246.

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CRS-7
total strength and mobilization potential of a nation. GNP is less useful when
considering questions of individual standard of living or marketing potential. In these
cases, a more accurate comparison between two countries is the amount of
production per person. This is called per capita GNP.
Per capita GNP is derived by dividing the overall GNP by the population of the
country. Using per capita figures allows meaningful comparisons between countries
that vary greatly in population. Returning to the example of the United States and
Japan, Japanese per capita GNP is actually higher than that of the United States--
$32,350 versus $29,240. But neither country ranks first in per capita GNP--Japan
ranks seventh and the United States tenth in the world. Luxembourg has the highest
per capita GNP with $45,100 (but obviously has little geopolitical power).16
Per capita GNP does have its shortcomings, however. It does not measure how
well the production of a particular country is distributed across its population, how
much an individual could purchase with the per capita GNP amount, or the level of
development in the country. It also fails to reflect the differences in the quality of life
enjoyed by the inhabitants of different countries. Although the per capita GNP of
Japan is greater than that of the United States, housing costs, a major quality of life
consideration, are also much higher. This, to some extent, negates the difference
between the two countries. Other factors, such as the cost of food, clothing, and
commuting, also escape the calculations of per capita GNP. These differences in
costs can be accounted for by adjusting GNP for differences in purchasing power.
(See table 2, page 11, for an alphabetical listing of countries and their per capita GNP.
See table 4, page 13, for country rankings by per capita GNP.)
Purchasing Power Parity Gross National Product (PPP GNP)
PPP GNP adjusts GNP to account for how much people can buy for their money
in a given country. The PPP GNP can be divided by population to determine it on a
per capita basis. Instead of simply measuring total output, the PPP GNP method
attempts to gauge how much a person would have to pay in the local currency for a
set basket of goods. That amount is then converted to the equivalent value in U.S.
dollars, sometimes also called international dollars, so that analysts can make cross-
country standard of living comparisons. This procedure compensates somewhat for
the fact that exchange rates do not always accurately reflect differences in relative
prices. PPP rates facilitate a comparison of real price levels among countries.17
PPP GNP per capita is a crude measure. Although it does allow standard of
living comparisons, it does not accurately represent the actual amount of personal
income in U.S. dollars available in the foreign country. It reflects how much it costs
to buy a set of goods in a particular country or how much income the average
16 World Bank, 2000 World Development Indicators CD-ROM (GNP per capita 1998, Atlas
method and PPP). Available at [http://www.worldbank.org/data/databytopic/
databytopic.html#MACRO ECONOMICS AND GROWTH].
17 World Bank. 2000. World Development Report 1999/2000. New York: Oxford University
Press. p. 274.

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CRS-8
individual from that country would have were he to buy that set of goods in the
United States. Also, it does not consider that norms related to such things as housing
and transportation can vary greatly among countries. It does measure the
comparative cost of living in various countries, but still does not completely portray
the amount of goods that individuals can purchase with their local currency salaries.18
(See table 5, page 14, for country rankings by per capita PPP GNP.)
Human Development Index (HDI)
Additionally, this report includes a listing of world ranking based on the human
development index. This measure, developed by the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP), is a departure from the other measures discussed in this paper
because it is not a simple indicator of economic output and income nor is it a World
Bank statistic. It was originally developed as an alternative measure of development,
serving to supplement indicators such as GNP. One of the HDI’s developers,
Mahbub ul Haq, describes it as a measure “of the same level of vulgarity as GNP--
just one measure--but a measure that is not blind to social aspects of human life as
GNP is.”19
This approach emphasizes that economic factors are not the only factors that
affect an individual’s standard of living. The HDI takes into account two other
factors that play a role in how well the average person lives in a particular country.20
The HDI incorporates three variables to estimate a country’s standard of living:
life expectancy; educational attainment; and income. Life expectancy is measured as
longevity from birth. Educational attainment is measured by joining the adult literacy
rate with a combined score for gross primary, secondary, and tertiary school
enrollment ratios. Income is taken as per capita PPP GNP.21 These values are then
used to compute a score between 0 and 1 for each country.22 The closer to one on
the scale, the higher the level of development.
One way to apply the HDI is in concert with the per capita PPP GNP. Because
per capita PPP GNP is part of the HDI index, if a country has a higher HDI rank than
per capita PPP GNP rank, for example, the UNDP concludes that the country is using
its income (resources) efficiently to meet development goals. Ninety-seven of the 174
countries the UNDP evaluated ranked higher in the HDI than per capita PPP GNP.
Conversely, sixty-nine of the countries had a lower HDI rank than per capita PPP
18 For more on PPP GNP and other development measures, CRS Report 97-759 F.
Comparing Countries’ Levels of Development, by (name redacted).
19 United Nations Development Programme. 1999. Human Development Report 1999. New
York: Oxford University Press. p. 23.
20 United Nations Development Programme. 2000. Human Development Report 2000. New
York: Oxford University Press.
21 Ibid. p. 144-145.
22 For further discussion of the method used to calculate HDI scores, see the technical note in
the UNDP’s Human Development Report 2000.

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CRS-9
GNP rank, indicating that there are some inefficiencies in converting economic output
into a higher standard of living.23
Because of the inclusion of other variables, countries with similar per capita PPP
GNP levels can have very different HDI scores. On the other hand, countries with
widely different per capita PPP GNP levels can have similar HDI scores. The UNDP
acknowledges that the HDI is a very rough estimator of a country’s standard of living.
However, the HDI is a simple enough measure to allow meaningful comparison
among countries without becoming bogged down in regional or cultural differences.
The UNDP has created other indexes to measure national standards of living in light
of gender, poverty and equality issues. However, the HDI is the most widely used of
these indexes.
(See table 7, page 16, for a listing of countries ranked by HDI levels.)
Tables of National Economic Indicators
The following tables contain information compiled from World Bank and the
Untied Nations Development Programme publications. Full source citations are
included following the tables.
The tables are meant as a quick reference only. For a more comprehensive and
extended treatment of the subject, please refer to the source publication.
23 United Nations Development Programme. 2000. Human Development Report 2000. New
York: Oxford University Press. p. 148.

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CRS-10
Table 1
Gross National Product
(In billions of U.S. dollars as of 1998)
GNP Rank
GNP Rank
GNP Rank
Albania
2.7
135
Germany
2179.8
3
Norway
152.1
25
Algeria
46.4
51
Ghana
7.3
96
Pakistan
61.5
44
Angola
4.6
115
Greece
123.4
32
Panama
8.3
90
Antigua and Barbuda
0.6
182
Grenada
0.3
192
Papua New Guinea
4.1
120
Argentina
290.3
17
Guatemala
17.8
71
Paraguay
9.2
87
Armenia
1.7
155
Guinea
3.8
125
Peru
60.5
45
Australia
387
14
Guinea-Bissau
0.2
200
Philippines
78.9
41
Austria
216.7
21
Guyana
0.7
179
Poland
151.3
26
Azerbaijan
3.8
123
Haiti
3.2
131
Portugal
106.4
33
Bahrain
4.9
108
Honduras
4.6
116
Romania
30.6
59
Bangladesh
44.2
53
Hong Kong, China
158.2
24
Russian Federation
331.8
16
Barbados
2.1
145
Hungary
45.6
52
Rwanda
1.9
150
Belarus
22.3
62
Iceland
7.6
95
Samoa
0.2
201
Belgium
259
19
India
427.4
11
Saudi Arabia
143.4
27
Belize
0.6
180
Indonesia
130.6
30
Senegal
4.7
112
Benin
2.3
141
Iran, Islamic Rep.
102.2
34
Seychelles
0.5
184
Bhutan
0.4
190
Ireland
69.3
43
Sierra Leone
0.7
175
Bolivia
8
93
Israel
96.5
36
Singapore
95.5
37
Botswana
4.8
111
Italy
1157
6
Slovak Rep.
19.9
66
Brazil
767.6
8
Jamaica
4.5
117
Slovenia
19.4
67
Bulgaria
10.1
84
Japan
4089.1
2
Sao Tome & Principe
0.04
206
Burkina Faso
2.6
138
Jordan
5.3
106
Solomon Islands
0.3
191
Burundi
0.9
170
Kazakhstan
20.9
63
South Africa
136.9
28
Cambodia
2.9
132
Kenya
10.2
82
Spain
555.2
10
Cameroon
8.7
89
Kiribati
0.1
203
Sri Lanka
15.2
75
Canada
580.9
9
Korea, Rep.
398.8
12
St. Kitts and Nevis
0.3
195
Cape Verde
0.5
185
Kyrgyz Rep.
1.8
152
St. Lucia
0.6
183
Central African Rep.
1.1
166
Lao PDR
1.6
159
St.Vincent&Grenadines
0.3
194
Chad
1.7
157
Latvia
5.9
102
Sudan
8.2
91
Chile
73.9
42
Lebanon
15
76
Suriname
0.7
176
China
923.6
7
Lesotho
1.2
164
Swaziland
1.4
162
Colombia
100.7
35
Lithuania
9.4
86
Sweden
226.5
20
Comoros
0.2
199
Luxembourg
19.2
68
Switzerland
284.1
18
Congo, Dem. Rep.
5.4
104
Macedonia, FYR
2.6
137
Syrian Arab Rep.
15.5
74
Congo, Rep.
1.9
149
Madagascar
3.7
126
Tajikistan
2.3
140
Costa Rica
9.8
85
Malta
3.8
124
Tanzania
7.2
98
Cote d'Ivoire
10.2
83
Marshall Islands
0.1
204
Thailand
131.9
29
Croatia
20.7
64
Malawi
2.2
142
Togo
1.5
160
Cyprus
9
88
Malaysia
81.3
39
Tonga
0.2
202
Czech Rep.
53
48
Maldives
0.3
193
Trinidad & Tobago
5.8
103
Denmark
175.2
23
Mali
2.6
136
Tunisia
19.2
69
Dominica
0.2
197
Mauritania
1
167
Turkey
200.5
22
Dominican Rep.
14.6
77
Mauritius
4.3
118
Uganda
6.6
99
Ecuador
18.5
70
Mexico
368.1
15
Ukraine
49.2
49
Egypt, Arab Rep.
79.2
40
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
0.2
198
United Arab Emirates
48.7
50
El Salvador
11.2
80
Moldova
1.7
158
United Kingdom
1264.3
5
Equatorial Guinea
0.5
187
Mongolia
1
168
United States
7903
1
Eritrea
0.8
174
Morocco
34.4
56
Uruguay
19.9
65
Estonia
4.9
110
Mozambique
3.5
127
Uzbekistan
22.9
61
Ethiopia
6.2
101
Namibia
3.2
129
Vanuatu
0.2
196
Fiji
1.7
154
Nepal
4.9
109
Venezuela
82.1
38
Finland
125.1
31
Netherlands
389.1
13
Vietnam
26.5
60
France
1465.4
4
New Zealand
55.4
46
West Bank & Gaza
4.3
119
Gabon
4.9
107
Nicaragua
1.8
153
Yemen, Rep.
4.6
114
Gambia, The
0.4
189
Niger
2
146
Zambia
3.2
128
Georgia
5.2
105
Nigeria
36.4
55
Zimbabwe
7.2
97

---

CRS-11
Table 2
Per Capita Gross National Product
(In 1998 U.S. dollars)
PC GNP
Rank
PC GNP
Rank
PC GNP
Rank
Albania
810
139
Germany
26,570
13
Nigeria
300
181
Algeria
1550
113
Ghana
390
164
Norway
34,310
4
Angola
380
165
Greece
11,740
46
Pakistan
470
158
Antigua and Barbuda
8,450
52
Grenada
3,250
84
Panama
2,990
88
Argentina
8,030
55
Guatemala
1,640
111
Papua New Guinea
890
138
Armenia
460
160
Guinea
530
154
Paraguay
1,760
106
Australia
20,640
23
Guinea-Bissau
160
201
Peru
2,440
94
Austria
26,830
12
Guyana
780
141
Philippines
1,050
132
Azerbaijan
480
156
Haiti
410
162
Poland
3,910
74
Bahrain
7,640
58
Honduras
740
146
Portugal
10,670
48
Bangladesh
350
173
Hong Kong, China
23,660
21
Romania
1,360
119
Barbados
7,890
..
Hungary
4,510
71
Russian Federation
2,260
97
Belarus
2,180
99
Iceland
27,830
11
Rwanda
230
192
Belgium
25,380
15
India
440
161
Samoa
1,070
131
Belize
2,660
90
Indonesia
640
149
Saudi Arabia
6,910
60
Benin
380
165
Iran, Islamic Rep.
1,650
110
Senegal
520
155
Bhutan
470
158
Ireland
18,710
27
Seychelles
6,420
62
Bolivia
1,010
134
Israel
16,180
32
Sierra Leone
140
202
Botswana
3,070
87
Italy
20,090
25
Singapore
30,170
9
Brazil
4,630
68
Jamaica
1,740
108
Slovak Rep.
3,700
77
Bulgaria
1,220
125
Japan
32,350
7
Slovenia
9,780
50
Burkina Faso
240
191
Jordan
1,150
128
Sao Tome & Principe
270
186
Burundi
140
202
Kazakhstan
1,340
120
Solomon Islands
760
144
Cambodia
260
187
Kenya
350
173
South Africa
3,310
83
Cameroon
610
152
Kiribati
1,170
127
Spain
14,100
39
Canada
19,170
26
Korea, Rep.
8,600
51
Sri Lanka
810
139
Cape Verde
1,200
126
Kyrgyz Rep.
380
165
St. Kitts and Nevis
6,190
63
Central African Rep.
300
181
Lao PDR
320
179
St. Lucia
3,660
79
Chad
230
192
Latvia
2,420
95
St.Vincent & Grenadines
2,560
91
Chile
4,990
66
Lebanon
3,560
80
Sudan
290
183
China
750
145
Lesotho
570
153
Suriname
1,660
109
Colombia
2,470
93
Lithuania
2,540
92
Swaziland
1,400
118
Comoros
370
170
Luxembourg
45,100
1
Sweden
25,580
14
Congo, Dem. Rep.
110
205
Macedonia, FYR
1,290
121
Switzerland
39,980
3
Congo, Rep.
680
148
Madagascar
260
187
Syrian Arab Rep.
1,020
133
Costa Rica
2,770
89
Malawi
210
195
Tajikistan
370
170
Cote d'Ivoire
700
147
Malaysia
3,670
78
Tanzania
220
194
Croatia
4,620
69
Maldives
1,130
129
Thailand
2,160
100
Cyprus
11,920
44
Mali
250
189
Togo
330
177
Czech Rep.
5,150
65
Malta
10,100
49
Tonga
1,750
107
Denmark
33,040
6
Marshall Islands
1,540
114
Trinidad & Tobago
4,520
70
Dominica
3,150
86
Mauritania
410
162
Tunisia
2,060
101
Dominican Rep.
1,770
105
Mauritius
3,730
76
Turkey
3,160
85
Ecuador
1,520
116
Mexico
3,840
75
Uganda
310
180
Egypt, Arab Rep.
1,290
121
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
1,800
104
Ukraine
980
135
El Salvador
1,850
103
Moldova
380
165
United Arab Emirates
17,870
28
Equatorial Guinea
1,110
130
Monaco
..
16
United Kingdom
21,410
22
Eritrea
200
198
Mongolia
380
165
United States
29,240
10
Estonia
3,360
82
Morocco
1,240
124
Uruguay
6,070
64
Ethiopia
100
206
Mozambique
210
195
Uzbekistan
950
137
Fiji
2,210
98
Namibia
1,940
102
Vanuatu
1,260
123
Finland
24,280
19
Nepal
210
195
Venezuela
3,530
81
France
24,210
20
Netherlands
24,780
17
Vietnam
350
173
Gabon
4,170
72
New Zealand
14,600
36
West Bank & Gaza
1,560
112
Gambia, The
340
176
Nicaragua
370
170
Yemen, Rep.
280
185
Georgia
970
136
Niger
200
198
Zambia
330
177
Zimbabwe
620
150

---

CRS-12
Table 3
Gross National Product Rankings
(In billions of U.S. Dollars as of 1998)
GNP
Rank
GNP
Rank
GNP Rank
United States
7903
1
Uzbekistan
22.9
61
Zambia
3.2
128
Japan
4089.1
2
Belarus
22.3
62
Namibia
3.2
129
Germany
2179.8
3
Kazakhstan
20.9
63
Haiti
3.2
131
France
1465.4
4
Croatia
20.7
64
Cambodia
2.9
132
United Kingdom
1264.3
5
Uruguay
19.9
65
Albania
2.7
135
Italy
1157
6
Slovak Rep.
19.9
66
Mali
2.6
136
China
923.6
7
Slovenia
19.4
67
Macedonia, FYR
2.6
137
Brazil
767.6
8
Luxembourg
19.2
68
Burkina Faso
2.6
138
Canada
580.9
9
Tunisia
19.2
69
Tajikistan
2.3
140
Spain
555.2
10
Ecuador
18.5
70
Benin
2.3
141
India
427.4
11
Guatemala
17.8
71
Malawi
2.2
142
Korea, Rep.
398.8
12
Syrian Arab Rep.
15.5
74
Barbados
2.1
145
Netherlands
389.1
13
Sri Lanka
15.2
75
Niger
2
146
Australia
387
14
Lebanon
15
76
Congo, Rep.
1.9
149
Mexico
368.1
15
Dominican Rep.
14.6
77
Rwanda
1.9
150
Russian Federation
331.8
16
El Salvador
11.2
80
Kyrgyz Rep.
1.8
152
Argentina
290.3
17
Kenya
10.2
82
Nicaragua
1.8
153
Switzerland
284.1
18
Cote d'Ivoire
10.2
83
Fiji
1.7
154
Belgium
259
19
Bulgaria
10.1
84
Armenia
1.7
155
Sweden
226.5
20
Costa Rica
9.8
85
Chad
1.7
157
Austria
216.7
21
Lithuania
9.4
86
Moldova
1.7
158
Turkey
200.5
22
Paraguay
9.2
87
Lao PDR
1.6
159
Denmark
175.2
23
Cyprus
9
88
Togo
1.5
160
Hong Kong, China
158.2
24
Cameroon
8.7
89
Swaziland
1.4
162
Norway
152.1
25
Panama
8.3
90
Lesotho
1.2
164
Poland
151.3
26
Sudan
8.2
91
Central African Rep.
1.1
166
Saudi Arabia
143.4
27
Bolivia
8
93
Mauritania
1
167
South Africa
136.9
28
Iceland
7.6
95
Mongolia
1
168
Thailand
131.9
29
Ghana
7.3
96
Burundi
0.9
170
Indonesia
130.6
30
Zimbabwe
7.2
97
Eritrea
0.8
174
Finland
125.1
31
Tanzania
7.2
98
Sierra Leone
0.7
175
Greece
123.4
32
Uganda
6.6
99
Suriname
0.7
176
Portugal
106.4
33
Ethiopia
6.2
101
Guyana
0.7
179
Iran, Islamic Rep.
102.2
34
Latvia
5.9
102
Belize
0.6
180
Colombia
100.7
35
Trinidad and Tobago
5.8
103
Antigua & Barbuda
0.6
182
Israel
96.5
36
Congo, Dem. Rep.
5.4
104
St. Lucia
0.6
183
Singapore
95.5
37
Georgia
5.2
105
Seychelles
0.5
184
Venezuela
82.1
38
Jordan
5.3
106
Cape Verde
0.5
185
Malaysia
81.3
39
Gabon
4.9
107
Equatorial Guinea
0.5
187
Egypt, Arab Rep.
79.2
40
Bahrain
4.9
108
Gambia, The
0.4
189
Philippines
78.9
41
Nepal
4.9
109
Bhutan
0.4
190
Chile
73.9
42
Estonia
4.9
110
Solomon Islands
0.3
191
Ireland
69.3
43
Botswana
4.8
111
Grenada
0.3
192
Pakistan
61.5
44
Senegal
4.7
112
Maldives
0.3
193
Peru
60.5
45
Yemen, Rep.
4.6
114
St.Vincent & Grenadines
0.3
194
New Zealand
55.4
46
Angola
4.6
115
St. Kitts and Nevis
0.3
195
Czech Rep.
53
48
Honduras
4.6
116
Vanuatu
0.2
196
Ukraine
49.2
49
Jamaica
4.5
117
Dominica
0.2
197
United Arab Emirates
48.7
50
Mauritius
4.3
118
Micronesia, Fed. States
0.2
198
Algeria
46.4
51
West Bank and Gaza
4.3
119
Comoros
0.2
199
Hungary
45.6
52
Papua New Guinea
4.1
120
Guinea-Bissau
0.2
200
Bangladesh
44.2
53
Azerbaijan
3.8
123
Samoa
0.2
201
Nigeria
36.4
55
Malta
3.8
124
Tonga
0.2
202
Morocco
34.4
56
Guinea
3.8
125
Kiribati
0.1
203
Romania
30.6
59
Madagascar
3.7
126
Marshall Islands
0.1
204
Vietnam
26.5
60
Mozambique
3.5
127
Sao Tome & Principe
0.04
206

---

CRS-13
Table 4
Per Capita GNP Rankings
(All figures in 1998 U.S. dollars)
PC GNP Rank
PC GNP Rank
PC GNP Rank
Luxembourg
45,100
1
Venezuela
3530
81
Guyana
780
141
Liechtenstein
..
2
Estonia
3360
82
Solomon Islands
760
144
Switzerland
39,980
3
South Africa
3310
83
China
750
145
Norway
34,310
4
Grenada
3250
84
Honduras
740
146
Bermuda
..
5
Turkey
3160
85
Cote d'Ivoire
700
147
Denmark
33,040
6
Dominica
3150
86
Congo, Rep.
680
148
Japan
32,350
7
Botswana
3070
87
Indonesia
640
149
Cayman Islands
..
8
Panama
2990
88
Zimbabwe
620
150
Singapore
30,170
9
Costa Rica
2770
89
Cameroon
610
152
United States
29,240
10
Belize
2660
90
Lesotho
570
153
Iceland
27,830
11
St. Vincent &
2560
91
Guinea
530
154
Austria
26,830
12
Lithuania
2540
92
Senegal
520
155
Germany
26,570
13
Colombia
2470
93
Azerbaijan
480
156
Sweden
25,580
14
Peru
2440
94
Pakistan
470
158
Belgium
25,380
15
Latvia
2420
95
Bhutan
470
158
Monaco
..
16
Russian Federation
2260
97
Armenia
460
160
Netherlands
24,780
17
Fiji
2210
98
India
440
161
Brunei
..
18
Belarus
2180
99
Mauritania
410
162
Finland
24,280
19
Thailand
2160
100
Haiti
410
162
France
24,210
20
Tunisia
2060
101
Ghana
390
164
Hong Kong, China
23,660
21
Namibia
1940
102
Mongolia
380
165
United Kingdom
21,410
22
El Salvador
1850
103
Moldova
380
165
Australia
20,640
23
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
1800
104
Benin
380
165
Italy
20090
25
Dominican Rep.
1770
105
Angola
380
165
Canada
19170
26
Paraguay
1760
106
Kyrgyz Rep.
380
165
Ireland
18710
27
Tonga
1750
107
Tajikistan
370
170
United Arab Emirates
17870
28
Jamaica
1740
108
Comoros
370
170
Israel
16180
32
Suriname
1660
109
Nicaragua
370
170
New Zealand
14600
36
Iran, Islamic Rep.
1650
110
Vietnam
350
173
Spain
14100
39
Guatemala
1640
111
Bangladesh
350
173
Cyprus
11920
44
West Bank & Gaza
1560
112
Kenya
350
173
Greece
11740
46
Algeria
1550
113
Gambia, The
340
176
Portugal
10670
48
Marshall Islands
1540
114
Togo
330
177
Malta
10100
49
Ecuador
1520
116
Zambia
330
177
Slovenia
9780
50
Swaziland
1400
118
Lao PDR
320
179
Korea, Rep.
8600
51
Romania
1360
119
Uganda
310
180
Antigua & Barbuda
8450
52
Kazakhstan
1340
120
Nigeria
300
181
Argentina
8030
55
Macedonia, FYR
1290
121
Central African Rep.
300
181
Bahrain
7640
58
Egypt, Arab Rep.
1290
121
Sudan
290
183
Saudi Arabia
6910
60
Vanuatu
1260
123
Yemen, Rep.
280
185
Seychelles
6420
62
Morocco
1240
124
Sao Tome & Principe
270
186
St. Kitts and Nevis
6190
63
Bulgaria
1220
125
Cambodia
260
187
Uruguay
6070
64
Cape Verde
1200
126
Madagascar
260
187
Czech Rep.
5150
65
Kiribati
1170
127
Mali
250
189
Chile
4990
66
Jordan
1150
128
Burkina Faso
240
191
Brazil
4630
68
Maldives
1130
129
Rwanda
230
192
Croatia
4620
69
Equatorial Guinea
1110
130
Chad
230
192
Trinidad and Tobago
4520
70
Samoa
1070
131
Tanzania
220
194
Hungary
4510
71
Philippines
1050
132
Malawi
210
195
Gabon
4170
72
Syrian Arab Rep.
1020
133
Nepal
210
195
Poland
3910
74
Bolivia
1010
134
Mozambique
210
195
Mexico
3840
75
Ukraine
980
135
Niger
200
198
Mauritius
3730
76
Georgia
970
136
Eritrea
200
198
Slovak Rep.
3700
77
Uzbekistan
950
137
Guinea-Bissau
160
201
Malaysia
3670
78
Papua New Guinea
890
138
Burundi
140
202
St. Lucia
3660
79
Sri Lanka
810
139
Sierra Leone
140
202
Lebanon
3560
80
Albania
810
139
Congo, Dem. Rep.
110
205
Ethiopia
100
206

---

CRS-14
Table 5
Purchasing Power Parity Per Capita GNP Rankings
(In 1998 international dollars)
PPP
Rank
PPP
Rank
PPP
Rank
GNP
GNP
GNP
Luxembourg
36703
1
Turkey
6594
79
Kyrgyz Rep.
2247
143
Liechtenstein
..
2
Brazil
6460
80
Bolivia
2205
146
Bermuda
..
3
Belarus
6314
81
Papua New Guinea
2205
147
United States
29240
4
Lithuania
6283
82
Lesotho
2194
148
Cayman Islands
..
5
Russian Federation
6180
83
Azerbaijan
2168
149
Switzerland
26876
6
Colombia
5861
84
Armenia
2074
150
Norway
26196
7
Costa Rica
5812
85
India
2060
151
Singapore
25295
8
Botswana
5796
86
Uzbekistan
2044
152
Monaco
..
9
Latvia
5777
87
Moldova
1995
153
Brunei
24886
10
Venezuela
5706
88
Solomon Islands
1904
155
Iceland
24774
11
Gabon
5615
89
Nicaragua
1896
156
Denmark
23855
12
Romania
5572
90
Ghana
1735
157
Belgium
23622
13
Grenada
5557
91
Guinea
1722
158
Japan
23592
14
Thailand
5524
92
Vietnam
1689
159
Austria
23145
15
Namibia
5280
93
Lao PDR
1683
160
Malta
22901
16
Tunisia
5169
94
Pakistan
1652
161
Canada
22814
17
Iran, Islamic Rep.
5121
95
Mauritania
1500
163
Netherlands
22325
18
Panama
4925
96
Cote d'Ivoire
1484
164
Germany
22026
19
St. Lucia
4897
97
Mongolia
1463
165
Australia
21795
20
Dominica
4777
99
Bhutan
1438
166
France
21214
22
Bulgaria
4683
100
Gambia, The
1428
167
Hong Kong, China
20763
23
Algeria
4595
101
Bangladesh
1407
168
Finland
20641
24
St. Vincent &
4484
102
Comoros
1400
169
Italy
20365
25
Belize
4367
103
Cameroon
1395
170
United Kingdom
20314
26
Dominican Rep.
4337
104
Haiti
1379
171
Sweden
19848
27
Kazakhstan
4317
105
Togo
1352
172
United Arab Emirates
18871
31
Paraguay
4312
106
Senegal
1297
173
Ireland
17991
33
Macedonia, FYR
4224
107
Sao Tome & Principe
1289
174
Cyprus
17599
36
Swaziland
4195
108
Cambodia
1246
175
Israel
16861
38
Tonga
4187
109
Sudan
1240
176
New Zealand
16084
41
Peru
4180
110
Nepal
1181
177
Spain
15960
43
Lebanon
4144
111
Central African Rep.
1098
179
Portugal
14569
46
Fiji
4094
112
Uganda
1072
180
Slovenia
14400
48
El Salvador
4008
114
Tajikistan
1041
181
Greece
13994
49
Kiribati
3880
115
Angola
999
183
Bahamas, The
13990
50
Samoa
3854
116
Eritrea
984
184
Korea, Rep.
13286
51
Philippines
3725
118
Kenya
964
186
Czech Rep.
12197
52
Guatemala
3474
122
Burkina Faso
866
188
Argentina
11728
53
Maldives
3436
123
Benin
857
189
Bahrain
11556
55
Georgia
3429
124
Congo, Rep.
846
190
Saudi Arabia
10498
60
Jamaica
3344
126
Chad
843
191
Seychelles
10185
62
Cape Verde
3192
127
Madagascar
741
192
Hungary
9832
63
Morocco
3188
128
Mozambique
740
193
St. Kitts and Nevis
9790
64
Egypt, Arab Rep.
3146
129
Nigeria
740
194
Slovak Rep.
9624
65
Guyana
3139
130
Congo, Dem. Rep.
733
195
Antigua and Barbuda
8890
66
Ukraine
3130
131
Niger
729
196
Uruguay
8541
67
China
3051
132
Zambia
678
198
Chile
8507
68
Ecuador
3003
133
Mali
673
199
South Africa
8296
69
Sri Lanka
2945
134
Yemen, Rep.
658
200
Mauritius
8236
70
Vanuatu
2892
135
Guinea-Bissau
573
201
Malaysia
7699
72
Albania
2864
137
Ethiopia
566
202
Estonia
7563
73
Syrian Arab Rep.
2702
138
Burundi
561
203
Poland
7543
74
Jordan
2615
139
Malawi
551
204
Mexico
7450
75
Zimbabwe
2489
140
Tanzania
483
205
Trinidad and Tobago
7208
76
Indonesia
2407
141
Sierra Leone
445
206
Croatia
6698
78
Honduras
2338
142

---

CRS-15
Table 6
Comparison of Various Measures
GNP
Per Capita GNP
Per Capita PPP GNP
Rank
($US Billions - 1998)
Rank
($US Thousands - 1998)
Rank
($Int'l. Thousands - 1998)
1
United States
7903.0
1
Luxembourg
45,100
1
Luxembourg
36,703
2
Japan
4089.1
2
Liechtenstein
..
2
Liechtenstein*
..
3
Germany
2179.8
3
Switzerland
39,980
3
Bermuda*
..
4
France
1465.4
4
Norway
34,310
4
United States
29,240
5
United Kingdom 1264.3
5
Bermuda*
..
5
Cayman Islands*
..
6
Italy
1157.0
6
Denmark
33,040
6
Switzerland
26,876
7
China
923.6
7
Japan
32,350
7
Norway
26,196
8
Brazil
767.6
8
Cayman Islands*
..
8
Singapore
25,295
9
Canada
580.9
9
Singapore
30,170
9
Monaco*
..
10
Spain
555.2
10
United States
29,240
10
Brunei
24,886
11
India
427.4
11
Iceland
27,830
11
Iceland
24,774
12
Korea, Rep.
398.8
12
Austria
26,830
12
Denmark
23,855
13
Netherlands
389.1
13
Germany
26,570
13
Belgium
23,622
14
Australia
387.0
14
Sweden
25,580
14
Japan
23,592
15
Mexico
368.1
15
Belgium
25,380
15
Austria
23,145
16
Russia
331.8
16
Monaco*
..
16
Malta
22,901
17
Argentina
290.3
17
Netherlands
24,780
17
Canada
22,814
18
Switzerland
284.1
18
Brunei
..
18
Netherlands
22,325
19
Belgium
259.0
19
Finland
24,280
19
Germany
22,026
20
Sweden
226.5
20
France
24,210
20
Australia
21,795
* Indicates that the World Bank does not have reliable data for this country, but ranks it in an estimated
position.
GNP
Per Capita GNP
Per Capita PPP GNP
U. S.
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Japan
Liechtenstein*
Liechtenstein*
Germany
Switzerland
Bermuda*
France
Norway
U. S.
U. K.
Bermuda*
Cayman Is.*
Italy
Denmark
Switzerland
China
Japan
Norway
Brazil
Cayman Is.*
Singapore
Canada
Singapore
Monaco*
Spain
U. S.
Brunei
India
Iceland
Iceland
Korea, Rep.
Austria
Denmark
Netherlands
Germany
Belgium
Australia
Sweden
Japan
Mexico
Belgium
Austria
Russia
Monaco*
Malta
Argentina
Netherlands
Canada
Switzerland
Brunei*
Netherlands
Belgium
Finland
Germany
Sweden
France
Australia
0
4000
8000
25
50
0
20
40
1998 U.S. Dollars (Billions)
1998 U.S. Dollars (Thousands)
1998 Intl Dollars (Thousands)

---

CRS-16
Table 7
Human Development Index Rankings
Canada
0.935
1
Panama
0.776
59
Mongolia
0.628
117
Norway
0.934
2
Bulgaria
0.772
60
Vanuatu
0.623
118
United States
0.929
3
Malaysia
0.772
61
Egypt
0.623
119
Australia
0.929
4
Russian Federation
0.771
62
Guatemala
0.619
120
Iceland
0.927
5
Latvia
0.771
63
Solomon Islands
0.614
121
Sweden
0.926
6
Romania
0.770
64
Botswana
0.593
122
Belgium
0.925
7
Venezuela
0.770
65
Gabon
0.592
123
Netherlands
0.925
8
Fiji
0.769
66
Morocco
0.589
124
Japan
0.924
9
Suriname
0.766
67
Myanmar
0.585
125
United Kingdom
0.918
10
Colombia
0.764
68
Iraq
0.583
126
Finland
0.917
11
Macedonia, FYR
0.763
69
Lesotho
0.569
127
France
0.917
12
Georgia
0.762
70
India
0.563
128
Switzerland
0.915
13
Mauritius
0.761
71
Ghana
0.556
129
Germany
0.911
14
Libya
0.760
72
Zimbabwe
0.555
130
Denmark
0.911
15
Kazakhstan
0.754
73
Equatorial Guinea
0.555
131
Austria
0.908
16
Brazil
0.747
74
Sao Tome & Principe
0.547
132
Luxembourg
0.908
17
Saudi Arabia
0.747
75
Papua New Guinea
0.542
133
Ireland
0.907
18
Thailand
0.745
76
Cameroon
0.528
134
Italy
0.903
19
Philippines
0.744
77
Pakistan
0.522
135
New Zealand
0.903
20
Ukraine
0.744
78
Cambodia
0.512
136
Spain
0.899
21
St. Vincent &
0.738
79
Comoros
0.510
137
Cyprus
0.886
22
Peru
0.737
80
Kenya
0.508
138
Israel
0.883
23
Paraguay
0.736
81
Congo
0.507
139
Singapore
0.881
24
Lebanon
0.735
82
Lao PDR
0.484
140
Greece
0.875
25
Jamaica
0.735
83
Madagascar
0.483
141
Hong Kong
0.872
26
Sri Lanka
0.733
84
Bhutan
0.483
142
Malta
0.865
27
Turkey
0.732
85
Sudan
0.477
143
Portugal
0.864
28
Oman
0.730
86
Nepal
0.474
144
Slovenia
0.861
29
Dominican Republic
0.729
87
Togo
0.471
145
Barbados
0.858
30
St. Lucia
0.728
88
Bangladesh
0.461
146
Korea, Rep.
0.854
31
Maldives
0.725
89
Mauritania
0.451
147
Brunei Darussalam
0.848
32
Azerbaijan
0.722
90
Yemen
0.448
148
Bahamas
0.844
33
Ecuador
0.722
91
Djibouti
0.447
149
Czech Rep.
0.843
34
Jordan
0.721
92
Haiti
0.440
150
Argentina
0.837
35
Armenia
0.721
93
Zambia
0.439
151
Kuwait
0.836
36
Albania
0.713
94
Nigeria
0.430
152
Antigua and Barbuda
0.833
37
Samoa (Western)
0.711
95
Congo, Dem. Rep.
0.420
153
Chile
0.826
38
Guyana
0.709
96
Zambia
0.420
154
Uruguay
0.825
39
Iran
0.709
97
Cote d’Ivoire
0.416
155
Slovakia
0.825
40
Kyrgyz Rep.
0.706
98
Tanzania
0.415
156
Bahrain
0.820
41
China
0.706
99
Benin
0.411
157
Qatar
0.819
42
Turkmenistan
0.704
100
Uganda
0.409
158
Hungary
0.817
43
Tunisia
0.703
101
Eritrea
0.408
159
Poland
0.814
44
Moldova
0.700
102
Angola
0.405
160
United Arab Emirates
0.810
45
South Africa
0.697
103
Gambia
0.396
161
Estonia
0.801
46
El Salvador
0.696
104
Guinea
0.394
162
St. Kitts and Nevis
0.798
47
Cape Verde
0.688
105
Malawi
0.385
163
Costa Rica
0.797
48
Uzbekistan
0.686
106
Rwanda
0.382
164
Croatia
0.795
49
Algeria
0.683
107
Mali
0.380
165
Trinidad and Tobago
0.793
50
Viet Nam
0.671
108
Central African
0.371
166
Dominica
0.793
51
Indonesia
0.670
109
Chad
0.367
167
Lithuania
0.789
52
Tajikistan
0.663
110
Mozambique
0.341
168
Seychelles
0.786
53
Syrian Arab Rep.
0.660
111
Guinea-Bissau
0.331
169
Grenada
0.785
54
Swaziland
0.655
112
Burundi
0.321
170
Mexico
0.784
55
Honduras
0.653
113
Ethiopia
0.309
171
Cuba
0.783
56
Bolivia
0.643
114
Burkina Faso
0.303
172
Belarus
0.781
57
Namibia
0.632
115
Niger
0.293
173
Belize
0.777
58
Nicaragua
0.631
116
Sierra Leone
0.252
174

---

CRS-17
Sources for Statistical Tables
Source for Tables 1 and 3:
World Bank. 2000. 2000 World Development Indicators CD-ROM (Total GNP 1998, Atlas
method). Available at <[http://www.worldbank.org/data/]
databytopic/databytopic.html#MACROECONOMICS AND GROWTH>.
Source for Tables 2, 4, and 5:
World Bank. 2000. 2000 World Development Indicators CD-ROM (GNP per capita 1998,
Atlas method and PPP). Available at
[http://www.worldbank.org/data/]databytopic/databytopic.html#MACROECONOMIC
S AND GROWTH]
Source for Table 6:
Compiled from:
World Bank. 2000. 2000 World Development Indicators CD-ROM (Total GNP 1998, Atlas
method). Available at [http://www.worldbank.org/data/]
databytopic/databytopic.html#MACROECONOMICS AND GROWTH>.
World Bank. 2000. 2000 World Development Indicators CD-ROM (GNP per capita 1998,
Atlas method and PPP). Available at
<[http://www.worldbank.org/data/]databytopic/databytopic.html#MACROECONOMI
CS AND GROWTH>.
Note: Rankings in the above tables include 206 countries. These tables show only those countries
with World Bank confirmed 1998 data or which the World Bank estimates to be in the top
twenty in the category in question. The World Bank uses the Atlas Method (described in the
World Bank's World Development Report 1999/2000, pp. 287-288) to convert GNP figures from
local currencies to US dollars.
Source for Table 7:
United Nations Development Programme. 1999. Human Development Report 1999. New
York: Oxford University Press.

---

CRS-18
Appendix A. Acronyms and Abbreviations
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
GNP
Gross National Product
HDI
Human Development Index
PPP GNP
Purchasing Power Parity per capita Gross National Product
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme

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