Order Code RL30199
CRS Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
Budget FY2000:
A Chronology with Internet Access
Updated December 1, 1999
Susan E. Watkins
Senior Research Librarian
Information Research Division
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

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ABSTRACT
This report provides a select chronology of congressional and presidential actions and
documents related to major budget events in calendar year 1999, covering the FY2000 budget
(October 1, 1999-September 30, 2000). While the paper copy provides numerous Internet
addresses, congressional offices can also use the Internet version of this report to access active
links to appropriations and budget legislation, budget and economic data tables, pie charts,
glossaries, selected testimony, publications, the President’s budget documents, and CRS
products.

For additional information, see CRS Issue Brief IB10017, The Budget for Fiscal Year 2000,
by Philip D. Winters; CRS Report 98-96, Budget Surpluses: Economic Effects of Debt
Repayment, Tax Cuts, or Spending: An Overview, by William Cox; and CRS Report 98-721,
Introduction to the Federal Budget Process, by Robert Keith. This chronology will be
updated as needed.

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Budget FY2000:
A Chronology with Internet Access
Summary
This is a select chronology of, and a finding guide for information on,
congressional and presidential actions and documents related to major budget events
in calendar year 1999, covering the FY2000 budget (October 1, 1999 — September
30, 2000). Brief information is provided, as needed, on the President’s budget,
congressional budget resolutions, appropriations measures (regular, continuing,
supplementals, and rescissions), budget reconciliation, House and Senate votes,
publications, testimony, charts, and tables.
In using this online version, one can click on the highlighted (underlined) section
and be connected to full-text CRS products, documents, publications, testimony, and
data tables. Internet addresses [http://] are provided in the printed copy of this report,
so that the reader can consult cited information.
Examples of Internet connections to full-text material found in this report include
CRS products, when they become available, on the budget process, reconciliation, and
each of the 13 appropriation bills, pie charts such as “The Federal Dollar — Where
the Money Comes From and Where it Goes,” Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
publications including the Economic and Budget Outlook: Fiscal Years 2000-2009,
and General Accounting Office (GAO) reports such as Federal Debt: Answers to
Frequently Asked Questions.
Other Internet-linkages provide full access to budget, surplus/deficits, debt,
economic data tables and charts, selected congressional testimony, and bills, reports,
and public laws for FY1997-FY2000 appropriations legislation.
If Internet access is not available, addresses and phone numbers are listed for
congressional committees, executive branch agencies mentioned in this report, and the
sources of other publications.
Congressional offices using a printed copy of this CRS product can check the
CRS Appropriations Page [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html] to check
whether there is a later edition than December 1, 1999, of this report.

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Contents
Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Congressional Legislative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Congressional Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
CRS Appropriations Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
FY2000 Department Budgets and Performance Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Commerce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Health and Human Services (HHS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Housing and Urban Development (HUD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Social Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Treasury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Internal Revenue Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Veterans Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Presidential Action and Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Where Can I Find ... on the Internet? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Appropriations Status, CRS Products, and Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Budget, Debt, and Surplus Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
CRS Budget Process Institutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Cost Estimates of Legislation (CBO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Glossaries of Appropriations and Budget Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Income and Poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Locating Agencies, Departments, and Programs in Appropriation Bills . . . 28
Performance Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Pie Charts, Graphs, and Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Statements of Administration Policy (SAPs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
White House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Addresses and Phone Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
For Additional Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
CRS Budget Fact Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
CRS Issue Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
CRS Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

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Budget FY2000:
A Chronology with Internet Access
Status
Table 1. Status of Budget Legislation, FY2000
Conference
Public Law
Report
FY2000 Budget Resolutions, Reports, and Votes
(H.Rept.106-91)
President
does not sign
House
Senate
budget
House
Senate
Vote
Vote
resolutions.
House agrees to conference report on
Senate agrees to conference report on
H.Con.Res. 68 by a vote of 220-208,
H.Con.Res. 68 by a vote of 54-44,
220-
H.Vote 85, CR, 4/14/99, p. H1995-6
S.Vote 86, CR, 4/15/99, p. S3756
208,
54-44,
H.Vote S.Vote
See below.
See below.
85
86
X
Congressional Legislative Action
See the CRS FY2000 Appropriations Status Page:
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]
See the CRS FY2000 Appropriations Products Page:
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html]

See the CRS Legislative Alert Products Page:
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/legalert.html]
FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Reference Guide, by Robert Keith, CRS
Report RS20403.
Republicans Hold the Line on President’s Spending Requests, Summary of the
Final Spending Package, Majority, House Appropriations Committee, 11/17/99.
[http://www.house.gov/appropriations/news.htm]
Highlights of the Final Budget Agreement for FY2000, Democratic Caucus, House
Budget Committee, 11/24/99.
[http://www.house.gov/budget_democrats/papers.htm]

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CRS-2
11/29/99 — The President signed the Consolidated Appropriations Act for
FY2000, P.L. 106-113 (H.R. 3194, H.Rept. 106-479).
Congress: [http://www.congress.gov/omni99/omni99.html]
Public: [http://thomas.loc.gov/home/omni99/]
The Consolidated Appropriations covers the District of Columbia Appropriations,
PAYGO adjustments, and also enacts the following measures by cross-reference: (1)
H.R. 3421, Commerce- Justice-State-Judiciary Appropriations; (2) H.R. 3422,
Foreign Operations Appropriations; (3) H.R. 3423, Interior Appropriations; (4) H.R.
3424, Labor- HHS- Education Appropriations; (5) H.R. 3425, Miscellaneous
Appropriations; (6) H.R. 3426, Balanced Budget Act of 1997 Amendments
(Medicare); (7) H.R. 3427, State Department Authorizations; (8) H.R. 3428, Federal
Milk Marketing Orders; and (9) S. 1948, Intellectual Property and Communications
Omnibus Reform Act of 1999.

11/19/99 — The Senate passed the conference report on H.R. 3194 (H.Rept. 106-
479), the Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY2000, by a vote of 74-24. CR,
11/19/99, S.Vote 374, p.S15058-59.
President Clinton signs seventh Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-106 (H.J. Res.
83), providing funding for the government through 12/2/99 (midnight). On 11/18/99
this measure passed the House by voice vote and passed the Senate by unanimous
consent.
11/18/99 — The House passed the conference report on H.R. 3194 (H.Rept. 106-
479), the Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY2000, by a vote of 296-135.
CR, 11/18/99, H.Vote 610, p. H12820.
— President Clinton signs sixth Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-105 (H.J.
Res. 80), providing funding for the government through 11/18/99 (midnight). On
11/17/99 the Senate passed this measure by unanimous consent. On the same day the
House passed H.J.Res. 80 by a vote of 403-8. CR, 11/17/99, H.Vote 596, p.
H12118.
11/10/99 — President Clinton signs fifth Continuing Resolution, H.J. Res. 78,
Providing Funding for the Government through 11/17/99 (P.L. 106-94). On 11/9/99,
this measure passed the House by voice vote, and on 11/10/99 passed the Senate by
unanimous consent.
11/5/99 — President Clinton signs fourth Continuing Resolution, H.J.Res. 75,
Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2000, which provides
for the government through 11/10/99 at FY1999 funding levels (P.L. 106-88).
11/4/99 — Senate passes H.J.Res. 75, Making Further Continuing Appropriations for
the Fiscal Year 2000, by voice vote. CR, 11/4/99, p. S13925. Message on Senate
action is sent to the House.
— H.J.Res. 75, Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year
2000, is called up by unanimous consent in the Senate. CR, 11/4/99, p. S13925.
— House passes H.J.Res. 75, Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the

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CRS-3
Fiscal Year 2000, by a vote of 417-6. CR, 11/4/99, H.Vote 565, p. H11506-7.
— H.Res. 358, a Resolution Providing for Consideration of the Joint Resolution
(H.J.Res. 75) Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2000,
is laid on the table. CR, 11/4/99, p. H11513.
11/3/99 — Rep. C. Young introduces H.J.Res. 75, Making Further Continuing
Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2000. H.J.Res. 75 is referred to the House
Committee on Appropriations. CR, 11/3/99, p. H11481.
— House Committee on Rules report on original measure H.Res. 358, a
Resolution Providing for Consideration of the Joint Resolution (H.J.Res. 75) Making
Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2000, is submitted and is
referred to the House Calendar (H.Rept. 106-443). CR, 11/3/99, p. H11480.
10/29/99 — President Clinton signs third Continuing Resolution, H.J.Res. 73,
Making Further Continuing Appropriations For the Fiscal Year 2000, which provides
funding for the government through 11/5/99 at FY1999 funding levels (P.L.106-85).
10/28/99 — Senate passes H.J.Res. 73, Making Further Continuing Appropriations
For the Fiscal Year 2000, by voice vote. CR, 10/28/99, p. S13487. Message on
Senate action is sent to the House.
— House passes H.J.Res. 73, Making Further Continuing Appropriations For
the Fiscal Year 2000, by a vote of 424-2. CR, 10/28/99, H.Vote 546, p. H11085.
10/27/99 — Representative C. Young introduces H.J.Res. 73, a Joint Resolution
Making Further Continuing Appropriations For the Fiscal Year 2000. H.J.Res. 73 is
referred to the House Committee on Appropriations. CR, 10/27/99, p. H11067.
10/21/99 — President Clinton signs second Continuing Resolution, H.J.Res. 71,
Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2000, which provides
funding for the government through 10/29/99 at FY1999 funding levels (P.L. 106-
75).
10/19/99 — Senate passes H.J.Res. 71, Making Further Continuing Appropriations
for the Fiscal Year 2000, by voice vote. CR, 10/19/99, p. S12803. Message on
Senate action is sent to the House.
— H.J.Res. 71, Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year
2000, is called up by unanimous consent in the Senate. CR, 10/19/99, p. S12803.
— House passes H.J.Res. 71, Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the
Fiscal Year 2000, by a vote of 421-2. CR, 10/19/99, H.Vote 510, p. H10198.
— H.J. Res. 71, Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year
2000, is called up by special rule (H.Res. 334) in the House. CR, 10/19/99, p.
H10196.

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CRS-4
— House agrees to H.Res. 334, a Resolution Providing for Consideration of the
Joint Resolution (H.J.Res. 71) Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the
Fiscal Year 2000, by voice vote. CR, 10/19/99, p. H10196.
— H.Res. 334, a Resolution Providing for Consideration of the Joint Resolution
(H.J.Res. 71) Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2000,
is called up as privileged matter in the House. CR, 10/19/99, p. H10190.
10/18/99 — Representative C. Young introduces H.J. Res. 71, Making Further
Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2000. H.J. Res. 71 is referred to the
House Committee on Appropriations. CR, 10/18/99, p. H10173.
— House Committee on Rules report on original measure H.Res. 334, a
Resolution Providing for Consideration of the Joint Resolution (H.J.Res. 71) Making
Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2000, is submitted and is
referred to the House Calendar (H.Rept. 106-396). CR, 10/18/99, p. H10173.
Also see CRS Report RL30343, Continuing Appropriations Acts: Brief Overview of
Recent Practices, and CRS Report 97-684, Congressional Appropriations Process:
An Introduction, by Sandy Streeter. Also see CRS Report RL30339, Preventing
Federal Government Shutdowns: Proposals for an Automatic Continuing Resolution,
by Robert Keith.
09/30/99 — President Clinton signs first Continuing Resolution, H.J.Res. 68,
Making Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2000, which provides funding
for the government through 10/21/99 at FY1999 funding levels (P.L. 106-62). See
also Presidential Action and Documents on page 19 for information on the 9/30/99
signing of H.J.Res. 68.
— Representative Bass introduces H.R. 2985, a Bill to Provide for a Biennial
Budget Process and a Biennial Appropriations Process and to Enhance Oversight and
the Responsibility, Efficiency, and Performance of the Federal Government. H.R.
2985 is referred to the Committee on the Budget, and in addition to the Committee
on Rules, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for
consideration of such provisions as fall with the jurisdiction of the committee
concerned. CR, 9/30/99, p. H9076.
09/28/99 — Senate passes H.J.Res. 68, Making Continuing Appropriations for the
Fiscal Year 2000, by a vote of 98-1. CR, 9/28/99, S.Vote 296, p. S11553. Message
on Senate action is sent to the House.
— H.J.Res. 68, Making Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2000, is
called up by unanimous consent in the Senate. CR, 9/28/99, p. S11543.
— House passes H.Res. 306, a Resolution Expressing the Desire of the House
of Representatives to Not Spend Any of the Budget Surplus Created by Social
Security Receipts and to Continue to Retire the Debt Held by the Public, by a vote of
417-2. CR, 9/28/99, H.Vote 456, p. H8909-10.
— House passes H.J.Res. 68, Making Continuing Appropriations for the

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CRS-5
Fiscal Year 2000, by a vote of 421-2. CR, 9/28/99, H.Vote 453, p. H8907-8.
— H.J.Res. 68, Making Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2000,
is called up by special rule (H.Res. 305) in the House. CR, 9/28/99, p. H8901.
— House agrees to H.Res. 305, a Resolution Providing for Consideration of the
Joint Resolution (H.J.Res. 68) Making Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year
2000, by voice vote. CR, 9/28/99, p. H8901.
— H.Res. 305, a Resolution Providing for Consideration of the Joint Resolution
(H.J.Res. 68) Making Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2000, is called
up as privileged matter in the House. CR, 9/28/99, p. H8896.
— H.Res. 306, a Resolution Expressing the Desire of the House of
Representatives to Not Spend Any of the Budget Surplus Created by Social Security
Receipts and to Continue to Retire the Debt Held by the Public, is called up under a
motion to suspend the rules and pass in the House. CR, 9/28/99, p. H8889.
— Representative Herger introduces H.Res. 306, a Resolution Expressing the
Desire of the House of Representatives to Not Spend Any of the Budget Surplus
Created by Social Security Receipts and to Continue to Retire the Debt Held by the
Public. H.Res. 306 is referred to the Committee on the Budget, and in addition to the
Committee on Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined by the
Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the
jurisdiction of the committee concerned. CR, 9/28/99, p. H8967.
09/27/99 — Representative C.Young introduces H.J.Res. 68, Making Continuing
Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2000. H.J.Res. 68 is referred to the House
Committee on Appropriations. CR, 9/27/99, p. H8872.
— House Committee on Rules report on original measure H.Res. 305, a
Resolution Providing for Consideration of the Joint Resolution (H.J.Res. 68) Making
Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2000, is submitted and is referred to
the House Calendar (H.Rept. 106-342). CR, 9/27/99, p. H8872.
09/23/99 — Presidential Veto Message on H.R. 2488, Financial Freedom Act of
1999, is read and referred to House Committee on Ways and Means and is ordered
to be printed (H.Doc. 106-130). CR, 9/23/99, p. H8613-4.
09/15/99 — H.R. 2488, Financial Freedom Act of 1999, is presented to the President.
CR, 9/17/99, p. H8383.
— Enrolled measure, H.R. 2488, Financial Freedom Act of 1999, is signed in the
House. CR, 9/15/99, p. H8371-2.
Also see CRS Report RS20317, CBO and JCT Estimates of the Effect of H.R. 2488
on Budget Surpluses: A Fact Sheet, by Sylvia Morrison.
08/05/99 — Senate agrees to conference report on H.R. 2488, Financial Freedom Act
of 1999, by a vote of 50-49. CR, 8/5/99, S.Vote 261, p. S10340.

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CRS-6
— House agrees to conference report on H.R. 2488, Financial Freedom Act of
1999, by a vote of 221-206. CR, 8/5/99, H.Vote 379, p. H7275-6.
— House rejects motion to recommit to conference the report on H.R. 2488,
Financial Freedom Act of 1999, by a vote of 205-221. CR, 8/5/99, H.Vote 378, p.
H7275.
— House Committee on Rules report on H.R. 853, Comprehensive Budget
Process Reform Act of 1999, is submitted with amendment (H.Rept. 106-198, Part
III). CR, 8/5/99, p. H7880.
— House Committee on the Budget report on H.R. 853, Comprehensive Budget
Process Reform Act of 1999, is submitted with amendment (H.Rept. 106-198, Part
II). CR, 8/5/99, p. H7880. (See 6/24/99 entry for H. Rept. 106-198, Part I).
08/04/99 — Committee of Conference report on H.R. 2488, Financial Freedom Act
of 1999, is submitted in the House (H.Rept. 106-289). CR, 8/4/99, p. H7024. Text
of H.Rept. 106-289 in CR, 8/4/99, p. H7027-192.
— House agrees to the motion to concur in Senate amendments to H.R. 1664,
Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999,
providing emergency authority for guarantees of loans to qualified steel and iron ore
companies and to qualified oil and gas companies by a vote of 246-176. CR, 8/4/99,
H.Vote 375, p. H7233. See Presidential Action and Documents on page 19 for
information on 8/17/99 Presidential signing of H.R. 1664.
08/02/99 — The House disagrees with the Senate amendment to H.R. 2488, Financial
Freedom Act of 1999, and appoints as conferees for consideration of the House bill
and the Senate amendment and modifications: Representatives Archer, Armey,
Crane, Rangel, Stark, and Thomas. House appoints as additional conferees for
consideration of sections 313, 315-316, 318, 325, 335, 338, 341-342, 344-345, 351,
362-363, 365, 369, 371, 381, 1261, 1305, and 1406 of the Senate amendment and
modifications: Representatives Boehner, Clay, and Goodling. CR, 8/2/99, p. H6811.
— The Chair appoints the following conferees on H.R. 2488, Financial Freedom
Act of 1999, on the part of the Senate: Senators Lott, Moynihan, and Roth. CR,
8/2/99, p. S9965.
07/30/99 — Senate passes H.R. 2488, Financial Freedom Act of 1999, as amended,
in lieu of S. 1429, Taxpayer Refund Act of 1999. Senate insists on its amendment and
requests a conference with the House. CR, 7/30/99, p. S9936.
— Senate vitiates its action of passage of S. 1429, Taxpayer Refund Act of
1999, on 7/30/99. S. 1429 is returned to the Senate calendar. CR, 7/30/99, p.
S9936.
— Senate inserts the text of S. 1429, Taxpayer Refund Act of 1999, in H.R.
2488, Financial Freedom Act of 1999. CR, 7/30/99, p. S9936.

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CRS-7
— Senate passes S. 1429, Taxpayer Refund Act of 1999, as amended, by a vote
of 57-43. CR, 7/30/99, S.Vote 247, p. S9934-5.
07/28/99 — H.R. 2488, Financial Freedom Act of 1999, is placed on the calendar in
the Senate. CR, 7/28/99, p. S9524.
Also see Statement of Administration Policy (SAP) on S. 1429 at:
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html]
07/26/99 — Senate Committee on Finance report on S. 1429, Taxpayer Refund Act
of 1999, an original bill to provide for reconciliation pursuant to section 104 of the
concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2000, is submitted (S.Rept. 106-
120). S. 1429 is introduced by Senator Roth and is placed on the calendar in the
Senate. CR, 7/26/99, p. S9223.
07/22/99 — House passes H.R. 2488, Financial Freedom Act of 1999, by a vote of
223-208. CR, 7/22/99, H.Vote 333, p. H6249.
— House rejects motion to recommit H.R. 2488, Financial Freedom Act of
1999, to the Committee on Ways and Means by a vote of 211-220. CR, 7/22/99, H.
Vote 332, p. H6248-9.
Also see Statements of Administration Policy (SAP) on H.R. 2488 at:
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html]
07/16/99 — Senate rejects cloture motion to bring to a close debate on amendment
297 to S. 557, Budget Process Reform Bill, by a vote of 52-43 (three-fifths of the
Senators did not vote in the affirmative, as required). CR, 7/16/99, S.Vote 211, p.
S8706.
— House Committee on Ways and Means report on H.R. 2488, Financial
Freedom Act of 1999, is submitted with amendment (H.Rept. 106-238). CR, 7/16/99,
p. H5750.
07/13/99 — Representative Archer introduces H.R. 2488, Financial Freedom Act of
1999, which is referred to the Committee on Ways and Means. CR, 7/13/99, p.
H5455.
07/01/99 — Senate confirms the nomination of Lawrence H. Summers to be
Secretary of the Treasury by a vote of 97-2. CR, 7/1/99, S.Vote 195 Ex., p. S8010.
06/24/99 — House Committee on Appropriations report (adverse) on H.R. 853,
Comprehensive Budget Process Reform Act of 1999, is submitted (H.Rept. 106-198,
Part I). CR, 6/24/99, p. H 4910.

06/23/99 — House Committee on Rules orders reported as amended H.R. 853,
Comprehensive Budget Process Reform Act of 1999. CR, 6/23/99, p. D718.
06/22/99 — House Committee on Appropriations orders reported H.R. 853,
Comprehensive Budget Process Reform Act of 1999. CR, 6/22/99, p. D706.

---

CRS-8
06/21/99 — Senate insists on its amendments to H.R. 1664, providing emergency
authority for guarantees of loans to qualified steel and iron ore companies and to
qualified oil and gas companies (as passed by the Senate on Friday, June 18, 1999),
and requests a conference with the House. The Chair, as authorized, appoints the
following conferees on the part of the Senate: Senators Bennett, Bond, Burns, Byrd,
Campbell, Cochran, Craig, Domenici, Dorgan, Durbin, Feinstein, Gorton, Gregg,
Harkin, Hollings, Hutchison, Inouye, Kohl, Kyl, Lautenberg, Leahy, McConnell,
Mikulski, Murray, Reid, Shelby, Specter, and Stevens. CR, 6/21/99, p. S7371.
06/18/99 — Senate passes H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, as amended, by a vote of 63-34. CR,
6/18/99, S.Vote 176, p. S7248-9.
06/17/99 — House Committee on the Budget orders reported as amended H.R. 853,
Comprehensive Budget Process Reform Act of 1999. CR, 6/17/99, p. D684.
See also CRS Report RL30236, H.R. 853, The Comprehensive Budget Process
Reform Act: Summary of Provisions, by James V. Saturno.
06/15/99 — Senate passes cloture motion on motion to proceed to consideration of
H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations
Act, 1999, by a vote of 71-28. CR, 6/15/99, S.Vote 167, p. S7004.
— Senate rejects cloture motion to bring to a close debate on amendment 297
to S. 557, Budget Process Reform Bill, by a vote of 53-46 (three-fifths of the
Senators did not vote in the affirmative, as required). CR, 6/15/99, S.Vote 166, p.
S6999.
06/10/99 — Motion to proceed to consideration of H.R. 1664, Kosovo and
Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, considered and
then withdrawn in Senate. CR, 6/10/99, p. S6913-4.
05/26/99 — Test of Explanatory Statement of the Recommendations of the Senate
Committee on Appropriations on H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999. CR, 5/26/99, p. S6042-3.
05/25/99 — Senate Committee on Appropriations submits report (without written
report) to Senate on H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999. CR, 5/25/99, p. S5952-3.
— Senate Committee on Appropriations orders favorably reported H.R. 1664,
Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999,
with amendments. CR, 5/25/99, p. D581.
05/21/99 — President Clinton signs H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act (P.L. 106-31). See Presidential Action and Documents on page
19 for information on 5/21/99 Presidential signing of H.R. 1141.
05/20/99 — Enrolled measure H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act, is signed in the Senate. CR, 5/20/99, p. S5736.

---

CRS-9
— Enrolled measure H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations
Act, is signed in the House. CR, 5/20/99, p. H3458.
— Senate agrees to conference report on H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations Act, by a vote of 64-36. CR, 5/20/99, S.Vote 136, p.
S5682.
05/18/99 —House agrees to conference report on H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations Act, by a vote of 269-158. CR, 5/18/99, H.Vote 133,
p. H3269.
See also CRS Report RL30083, Supplemental Appropriations for FY1999: Central
America Disaster Aid, Middle East Peace, and Other Initiatives, by Larry Nowels.
05/17/99 — House Committee on Rules grants by voice vote a rule waiving all points
of order against the conference report to accompany H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations Act, and against its consideration. The rule provides
that the conference report shall be considered as read. CR, 5/17/99, p. D540.
05/14/99 — Conference report on H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act, is filed in the House (H.Rept. 106-143). CR, 5/14/99, p. H3175.
Text of H.Rept. 106-143 in CR, 5/14/99, p. H3175-3202.
05/13/99 — Conferees agree to file a conference report on the differences between
Senate- and House-passed versions of H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act. CR, 5/14/99, p. D533-4.
05/06/99 — H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act, 1999, is received in Senate, read twice, and referred to
Committee on Appropriations. CR, 5/6/99, p. S4886.
— House passes H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, by a vote of 311-105. CR, 5/6/99, H.Vote
120, p. H2895.
— House agrees to H.Res. 159, the rule providing for consideration of H.R.
1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act,
1999, by a vote of 253-171. CR, 5/6/99, H.Vote 116, p. H2823.
05/05/99 — House Committee on Rules report on H.Res.159, providing for
consideration of H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act, 1999, is submitted (H.Rept. 106-127) and referred to the House
Calendar. CR, 5/5/99, p. H2809.
— House Committee on Rules grants by voice vote an open rule providing one
hour of general debate on H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, to be equally divided between the chairman
and ranking minority member of the Committee on Appropriations. CR, 5/5/99, p.
D487.

---

CRS-10
Also see Statements of Administration Policy (SAP) on H.R. 1664 at:
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html]
05/04/99 — House Committee on Appropriations report on H.R. 1664, Kosovo and
Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, is submitted
(H.Rept. 106-125) and referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State
of the Union. CR, 5/4/99, p. H2634.
— H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act, 1999, is introduced by Representative C. Young. CR, 5/4/99,
p. H2635.
04/30/99 — Senate rejects cloture motion to bring to a close debate on amendment
255 to S. 557, Budget Process Reform Bill, by a vote of 49-44 (three-fifths of the
Senators did not vote in the affirmative, as required). CR, 4/30/99, S.Vote 96, p.
S4481-2.
04/29/99 — House Committee on Appropriations orders reported the Emergency
Kosovo Supplemental Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1999. CR, 4/29/99, p. D459.
See also CRS Report RS20182, Suspension of Budget Enforcement Procedures
During Hostilities Abroad, by Robert Keith.
04/22/99 — Senate rejects cloture motion to bring to a close debate on amendment
254 to S. 557, Budget Process Reform Bill, by a vote of 54-45 (three-fifths of the
Senators did not vote in the affirmative, as required). CR, 4/22/99, S.Vote 90, p.
S4092.
See also Statement of Administration Policy (SAP) on S. 557 at:
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html]
— House does not agree to Senate amendment to H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations Act, and agrees to a conference. CR, 4/22/99, p.
H2277.
— Motion to instruct House conferees on H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations Act, passes House by a vote of 414-0. CR, 4/22/99,
H.Vote 96, p. H2282.
— House appoints the following conferees on H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations Act: Representatives Callahan, Dicks, Hobson, Hoyer,
Kaptur, Kolbe, Jerry Lewis, Mollohan, Murtha, Obey, Packard, Pastor, Pelosi, Porter,
Regula, Rogers, Sabo, Serrano, Skeen, C. Taylor, Walsh, Wolf, and C.Young. CR,
4/22/99, p. H2282.
04/15/99 — Senate agrees to conference report on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional
Budget Resolution, by a vote of 54-44. CR, 4/15/99, S.Vote 86, p. S3756.
04/14/99 — House agrees to conference report on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional
Budget Resolution, by a vote of 220-208. CR, 4/14/99, H.Vote 85, p. H1995-6.

---

CRS-11
— By 221-205 vote, H.Res. 137, the rule which waived all points of order
against the conference report on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution,
is agreed to. CR, 4/14/99, H.Vote 84, p. H1985.
— Unanimous consent agreement in Senate to consider conference report on
H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution. CR, 4/14/99, p. S 3724.
— Conference report on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution, is
submitted in the Senate. CR, 4/14/99, p. S3676.
— Joint meeting of congressional budget conferees on Tuesday, April 13, agrees
to file a conference report on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution. CR,
4/14/99, p. D386.
04/13/99 — A privileged report on H.Res. 137, waiving points of order against
consideration of the conference report to accompany H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional
Budget Resolution, is submitted and referred to the House Calendar and is ordered
to be printed (H.Rept. 106-92). CR, 4/13/99, p. H1970.
— Conference report on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution, is
submitted in the House (H.Rept. 106-91). CR, 4/13/99, p. H1936. Text of H.Rept.
106-91 in CR, 4/13/99, p. H1936-68.
— House Committee on Rules grants by voice vote a rule waiving all points of
order against the conference report on H.Con.Res.68, Congressional Budget
Resolution, and against its consideration. CR, 4/13/99, p. D377.
— Conferees for conference on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget
Resolution, appointed by the Chair on the part of the Senate are Senators Boxer,
Conrad, Domenici, Gorton, Gramm, Grassley, Lautenberg, Murray, and Nickles. CR,
4/13/99, p. S3628.
04/12/99 — Conferees for conference on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget
Resolution, appointed from the House Committee on the Budget are Chairman
Kasich and Representatives Chambliss, McDermott, Shays, and Spratt. CR, 4/12/99,
p. H1833.
— House disagrees with Senate amendment to H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional
Budget Resolution, and agrees to a conference. CR, 4/12/99, p. H1823-31.
03/25/99 — Pursuant to the order of 3/18/99, Senate passes H.R. 1141, 1999
Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, after striking all after the enacting
clause and inserting the text of S. 544, Senate companion measure, as passed by the
Senate on 3/23/99. Senate insists on its amendment, requests a conference with the
House, and the Chair, as authorized, appoints the following conferees on the part of
the Senate: Senators Bennett, Bond, Burns, Byrd, Campbell, Cochran, Craig,
Domenici, Dorgan, Durbin, Feinstein, Gorton, Gregg, Harkin, Hollings, Hutchison,
Inouye, Kohl, Kyl, Lautenberg, Leahy, McConnell, Mikulski, Murray, Reid, Shelby,
Specter, and Stevens. Subsequently, S. 544 is placed back on the Senate calendar.
CR, 3/25/99, p. S3327.

---

CRS-12
— By a 55-44 vote, Senate agrees to H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget
Resolution, after striking all after the resolving clause and inserting the text of
S.Con.Res. 20, Senate companion measure, as amended. Senate insists on its
amendment and requests a conference with the House. Subsequently, S.Con.Res. 20
is placed back on the Senate Calendar. CR, 3/25/99, S.Vote 81, p. S3432.
— House agrees to H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution, by a vote
of 221-208. CR, 3/25/99, H.Vote 77, p. H1780.
Budget Resolution Amendments Rejected
— Spratt Amendment #HA42 fails in the House by vote of 173-250. CR,
3/25/99, H.Vote 76, p. H1778.
— Minge Amendment (Blue Dog Coalition) #HA41 fails in the House by vote
of 134-295. CR, 3/25/99, H.Vote 75, p. H1765.
— Coburn Amendment #HA40 fails in the House by vote of 2-426. CR,
3/25/99, H.Vote 74, p. H1755-56.
03/24/99 — Unanimous consent agreement in Senate to consider S.Con.Res. 20,
Congressional Budget Resolution, on March 25, 1999. CR, 3/24/99, p. S3224.
— House passes H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations
Act, by a vote of 220-211. CR, 3/24/99, H.Vote 70, p. H1660.
— House Committee on Rules report on H.Res. 131 providing for consideration
of H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution, is submitted (H.Rept. 106-77).
CR, 3/24/99, p. H1694.
03/23/99 — Senate passes S. 544, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for
Fiscal Year 1999, by voice vote. CR, 3/23/99, p. S3109.
— House Committee on the Budget report on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional
Budget Resolution, is submitted (H.Rept. 106-73). CR, 3/23/99, p. H1594.
03/19/99 — Senate Committee on the Budget report on S.Con.Res. 20,
Congressional Budget Resolution, is submitted (S.Rept. 106-27). CR, 3/19/99, p.
S2999. S.Con.Res. 20 is read and placed on the calendar. CR, 3/19/99, p. S3000.
03/18/99 — Senate Committee on the Budget orders favorably reported an original
concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the U.S. government
for fiscal years 2000 through 2009. CR, 3/18/99, p. D302.
03/17/99 — House Committee on the Budget orders reported the Fiscal Year 2000
Budget resolution. CR, 3/17/99, p. D294.

---

CRS-13
— House Committee on Appropriations orders reported to House from the
Committee H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act. (H.Rept.
106-64). CR, 3/17/99, p. H1405.
03/15/99 — Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs report on S. 557, Budget
Process Reform Bill, is submitted (S.Rept. 106-14). CR, 3/15/99, p. S2648.
03/10/99 — Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs report on S. 92, Biennial
Budgeting and Appropriations Act, is submitted (S.Rept. 106-12). CR, 3/10/99, p.
S2503. (Senate Committee on the Budget discharges S. 92 on April 12, 1999,
pursuant to the order of August 4, 1977.)
03/08/99 — Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs orders Budget Process
Reform Bill to be reported as an original measure without a written report. S. 557,
Budget Process Reform Bill, is placed on the calendar. CR, 3/8/99, p. S2411.
03/04/99 — Senate Committee on Appropriations orders reported to Senate from the
Committee an original bill, S. 544, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for
Fiscal Year 1999. (S.Rept. 106-8). CR, 3/4/99, p. S2273.

See also CRS Report RL30083, Supplemental Appropriations for FY1999: Central
America Disaster Aid, Middle East Peace, and Other Initiatives, by Larry Nowels
and CRS Report RS20161, Kosovo Military Operations: Costs and Congressional
Action on Funding, by Stephen Daggett.
See also Statement of Administration Policy (SAP) on S. 544 at:
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html]
See also Statements of Administration Policy (SAP) on H.R. 1141 at:
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html]
— Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs orders reported S. 92, Biennial
Budgeting and Appropriations Act, with an amendment in the nature of a substitute.
CR, 3/4/99, p. D216.
02/25/99 — Representative Nussle introduces H.R. 853, Comprehensive Budget
Process Reform Act of 1999, which is referred to the Committee on the Budget, and
in addition to the Committees on Rules, and Appropriations, for a period to be
determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall
within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned. CR, 2/25/99, p. H814.
02/04/99 — The Chair announces that the Speaker and the President pro tempore of
the Senate on Wednesday, 2/3/99, appointed Dan L. Crippen as Director of the
Congressional Budget Office (CBO), effective 2/3/99 for the term expiring on 1/3/03.
CR, 2/4/99, p. H422.
For more information on CBO, see [http://www.cbo.gov/about.shtml]. Also see CRS
Report RS20078, Congressional Budget Office: Appointment and Tenure of the
Director, by Robert Keith and Mary Frances Bley.

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CRS-14
01/19/99 — Senator Domenici introduces S. 92, Biennial Budgeting and
Appropriations Act, and S. 93, Budget Enforcement Act of 1999, which are read
twice and referred jointly to the Committee on the Budget and to the Committee on
Governmental Affairs pursuant to the order of August 4, 1977, with instructions that
if one Committee reports, the other Committee has 30 days to report or be
discharged. CR, 1/19/99, p. S340.
01/06/99 — House passes H.Res. 5, A Resolution Adopting Rules for the One
Hundred Sixth Congress in Recodified Form, by a vote of 217-204. CR, 1/6/99,
H.Vote 5, p. H206. Text and debate: H6-H207. Rule XXVIII, General Provisions,
Sec. 2 Separate Orders, p. H34, contains information on budget enforcement and
also, tenure on the Budget Committee.
See also CRS Report RL30044, Proposed Budget Process Reforms in the Senate: A
Brief Analysis of Senate Resolutions 4, 5, 6, and 8, by James V. Saturno.
Congressional Documents
11/10/99 — CBO releases the Monthly Budget Review. “Fiscal year 1999 ended
with a total surplus of about $123 billion—reflecting an off-budget surplus of $124
billion and an on-budget deficit of only $1 billion. It marked the seventh consecutive
year of improvement in the government’s budget results since 1992, when the total
deficit peaked at $290 billion (the result of an off-budget surplus of $50 billion and
an on-budget deficit of $340 billion) ... The surplus in September was $56.4 billion,
or $1.6 billion less than CBO had projected on the basis of the Daily Treasury
Statements. Revenues were only slightly higher than anticipated, but outlays were $2
billion more than CBO had expected. A $1.4 billion adjustment in the credit subsidies
recorded for auctions of licenses to use the electromagnetic spectrum accounted for
much of the difference in outlays.”
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1731&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1731&type=1]
10/28/99 — CBO releases Letter to the Honorable J. Dennis Hastert Regarding
an Estimate of the On-Budget Deficit for Fiscal Year 2000.
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1661&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1661&type=1]
— CBO releases Letter to the Honorable John M. Spratt, Jr. Regarding an
Estimate of the On-Budget Deficit for Fiscal Year 2000.
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1660&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1660&type=1]
10/12/99 — Monthly Budget Review statement on fiscal year 1999 budget surplus
released by Congressional Budget Office (CBO). “CBO estimates that the budget
surplus in September was about $58 billion, producing a total surplus for fiscal year
1999 of nearly $125 billion. That result is more than $55 billion above last year’s
surplus and about $5 billion more than CBO projected in July. Excluding the surplus

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CRS-15
of the off-budget Social Security trust funds (about $125 billion) and net outlays of
the Postal Service (about $1 billion, also off-budget), CBO estimates that the
government’s on-budget accounts showed a surplus of $1 billion for 1999.”
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1601&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1601&type=1]
10/6/99 — CBO releases Estimating the Costs of One-Sided Bets: How CBO
Analyzes Proposals With Asymmetric Uncertainties.
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1589&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1589&type=1]
09/30/99 — CBO releases Letter to the Honorable J. Dennis Hastert regarding the
Impact on the Fiscal Year 2000 Social Security Surplus Using CBO’s Economic
and Technical Assumptions Based on a Plan Whereby Net Discretionary Outlays
for Fiscal Year 2000 Will Equal $592.1 Billion.
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1575&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1575&type=1]
09/29/99 — CBO releases Letter to the Honorable John M. Spratt, Jr. regarding
the Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriation Bill and the
Current Status of Appropriation Action for Fiscal Year 2000.
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1574&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1574&type=1]
09/24/99 — CBO releases Statement of Barry B. Anderson to the Conference on
Budget Process Reform, Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget. Mr.
Anderson is Deputy Director of CBO.
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1563&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1563&type=1]
8/15/99 — CBO releases Sequestration Update Report for Fiscal Year 2000.
“This CBO update report reflects activity affecting the discretionary spending caps
and the pay-as-you-go (PAYGO) scorecard through August 12, 1999.”
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1527&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1527&type=1]
07/30/99 — CBO releases The Federal Sector of the National Income and Product
Accounts. This supplements the CBO’s The Economic and Budget Outlook: An
Update (July 1, 1999).
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1487&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1487&type=1]
— CBO releases Evaluating CBO’s Record of Economic Forecasts. This
supplements the CBO’s The Economic and Budget Outlook: An Update (July 1,
1999).
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1486&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1486&type=1]

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CRS-16
— CBO releases The Budget Adjusted for Effects of the Business Cycle. This
supplements the CBO’s The Economic and Budget Outlook: An Update (July 1,
1999).
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1485&from=4&sequence=0]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1485&type=1]
07/21/99 — Testimony of CBO Director Dan L. Crippen on the Mid-Session
Review of the Fiscal Year 2000 Budget before the Senate Budget Committee.
Hearing is canceled, but the prepared testimony is released.
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1447&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1447&type=1]
07/01/99 — CBO releases The Economic And Budget Outlook: An Update. “The
Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that the total budget surplus will jump
from $69 billion in fiscal year 1998 to $120 billion in 1999 and $161 billion in 2000.”
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1386&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1386&type=1]
06/14/99 — CBO releases Emergency Spending Under the Budget Enforcement
Act: An Update.
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1327&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1327&type=1]
05/20/99 — Statement of CBO Director Dan L. Crippen on H.R. 853, the
Comprehensive Budget Process Reform Act of 1999, before the House Budget
Committee.
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1276&from=3&sequence=0]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1276&type=1]
05/17/99 — Trends in Public Infrastructure Spending released by CBO. “This
Congressional Budget Office (CBO) paper highlights trends in public spending for
infrastructure over the past 42 years. The analysis of those trends is based on data
supplied by the Office of Management and Budget, the Bureau of the Census, and
CBO’s Budget Analysis Division. The paper uses the same eight categories of
infrastructure discussed in CBO’s 1992, 1993, and 1995 papers on infrastructure
spending: highways, mass transit, rail, aviation, water transportation, water resources,
water supply, and wastewater treatment facilities.”
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1256&sequence=0&from=5]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1256&type=1]
05/12/99 — Statement of CBO Director Dan L. Crippen on H.R. 853, the
Comprehensive Budget Process Reform Act of 1999, before the House Rules
Committee.
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1253&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1253&type=1]
05/07/99 — Monthly Budget Review statement on FY1999 budget surplus released
by Congressional Budget Office (CBO). “Fiscal year 1999 revenues through April
are very close to CBO’s expectations, and outlays for a number of programs are
slightly lower than anticipated. In particular, spending for Medicare remains below

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CRS-17
last year’s level. CBO is not revising its projection of the 1999 surplus ($111 billion)
at this time. But if current trends continue, it is unlikely to lower that estimate and
may increase the estimate slightly when it issues a new forecast on July 1.”
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1248&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1248&type=1]
04/29/99 — Maintaining Budgetary Discipline: Spending and Revenue Options
released by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). “This volume compiles 250
specific policy options for reducing federal spending or increasing revenues in a wide
variety of programs. Prepared at the request of the House and Senate Budget
Committees, it is intended to help policymakers maintain budgetary discipline and
accomplish related policy goals. The report is similar to the compendiums of policy
options for reducing the deficit that the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) prepared
from 1980 to 1997.”
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1222&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1222&type=1]
04/16/99 — Budget Issues: Budgetary Implications of Selected GAO Work for
Fiscal Year 2000 (OCG-99-26) released by General Accounting Office (GAO).
“This report identifies in a single document the budgetary implications of selected
program reforms discussed in our work but not yet implemented or enacted. This
report is part of a special biennial series designed to help each new Congress identify
options that could be used to reduce federal spending or increase revenues. Where
available, budgetary savings estimates provided by the Congressional Budget Office
(CBO) or the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) are presented for each of the
options. This report contains over 100 options.”
PDF and ASCII TEXT: [http://www.gao.gov/new.items/newtitle.htm]
— An Analysis of the President’s Budgetary Proposals for Fiscal Year 2000
released by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). “CBO estimates that the
Administration’s budget—including both the basic policies and the Social Security
framework—would reduce projected surpluses by $53 billion in 2000 and a total of
$436 billion through 2004 ... Under its basic policies, the Administration would
increase discretionary spending above the levels allowed by the current statutory caps
on such spending. It would pay for that increase by raising revenues and cutting
mandatory spending. CBO estimates, however, that the increase in discretionary
spending would be only partly offset by the higher revenues and lower mandatory
spending. In 2000, the basic policies would reduce the surplus by $20 billion
compared with CBO’s current-policy projections ... Over the 2000-2004 period, the
Administration’s basic policies would reduce the projected surpluses by a cumulative
total of $73 billion.”
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1209&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1209&type=1]

02/23/99 — Monetary Policy Testimony and Report to the Congress (also known
as Humphrey-Hawkins). Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan Greenspan before
the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. “The impressive
performance of the private sector was reflected in a continued improvement in the
federal budget. Burgeoning receipts, along with continuing restraint on federal

---

CRS-18
spending, produced the first unified budget surplus in thirty years, allowing the
Treasury to begin to pay down the federal debt held by the public.”
HTML: [http://www.bog.frb.fed.us/boarddocs/hh/1999/February/fullreport.htm]
PDF: [http://www.bog.frb.fed.us/boarddocs/hh/1999/February/FullReport.pdf]
02/22/99 — Description of Revenue Provisions Contained in the President’s Fiscal
Year 2000 Budget Proposal (Committee Print JCS-1-99) released by the Joint
Committee on Taxation.
HTML and PDF: [http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/joint/hjoint01cp106.html]
02/11/99 — The Lame Duck Budget: The Clinton Budget for Fiscal Year 2000
released by the Majority Caucus of the House Budget Committee.
PDF: [http://www.house.gov/budget/FY00Budget/main.pdf]
02/04/99 — A Summary of President Clinton’s Fiscal Year 2000 Budget released
by the Democratic Caucus of the House Budget Committee.
HTML: [http://www.house.gov/budget_democrats/summary/contents.htm]
PDF: [http://www.house.gov/budget_democrats/summary/pres00.pdf]
02/03/99 — Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin Testimony before the Senate
Budget Committee on the President’s FY2000 Budget.
HTML: [http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/pr2926.htm]
01/29/99 — CBO releases the Economic and Budget Outlook: Fiscal Years 2000-
2009. “Total federal revenues exceeded spending in fiscal year 1998 by $70 billion,
producing the first surplus in almost 30 years. The Congressional Budget Office
(CBO) estimates that under current law, the total budget surplus will reach $107
billion in 1999 and $131 billion in 2000 ... When the off-budget spending and
revenues of Social Security and the Postal Service are excluded, however, the
remaining on-budget transactions show a deficit in those years—$19 billion in 1999
and $7 billion in 2000. But CBO projects that those on-budget deficits will give way
to on-budget surpluses in 2001 and succeeding years as the total budget surplus
climbs to $381 billion in 2009.”
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1059&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1059&type=1]
01/27/99 — CBO releases Sequestration Preview Report for Fiscal Year 2000.
“The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that the statutory limits on
discretionary spending detailed in this sequestration report would require the
Congress and the President to enact lower levels of discretionary spending for fiscal
year 2000 than they did for 1999. However, they could increase mandatory spending
or reduce revenues by nearly $3 billion in 2000 without triggering a pay-as-you-go
sequestration ... The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) estimates whether
a sequestration is required to eliminate a breach of the discretionary spending caps.
CBO’s estimates are merely advisory.”
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1060&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1060&type=1]
01/08/99 — CBO releases Unauthorized Appropriations and Expiring
Authorizations. “The purpose of the report is to help the Congress adopt authorizing

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CRS-19
legislation that should be in place before it considers the 13 regular appropriation bills
for fiscal year 2000 (which begins October 1, 1999).”
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1057&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1057&type=1]
12/10/98 — CBO releases Emergency Spending Under the Budget Enforcement
Act.
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1050&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1050&type=1]
“CBO was asked to review the current budgetary treatment of emergency spending,
highlight recent trends in emergency appropriations, and discuss various options for
changing the way policymakers budget for emergencies.”
CRS Appropriations Products
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html]
FY2000 Department Budgets and Performance Plans
In addition to the specific department budget sites below, the following may also be
helpful:
! Government-Wide Performance Plan
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/budget/index.html]
! Agency Performance Plans
[http://www.govexec.com/reinvent/results/plans.htm]
! Communications to Congress
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/agencycomm.html]
! Statements of Administration Policy (SAPs)
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html]
! House and Senate Committees:
[http://www.house.gov/house/CommitteeWWW.html]
http://www.senate.gov/committees/index.cfm]
! CBO Cost Estimates of Legislation
ttp://www.cbo.gov/cost.shtml]
! CRS FY2000 Appropriations Products Page and Appropriations Status Table
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html]
! CRS Appropriations Coordinators and Key Policy Staff
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appkpstf.html]
! Locating Agencies, Departments, and Programs in Appropriation Bills
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appprogs.html]
FY2000 Budgets of the cabinet departments and agencies can be found at:
Agriculture [http://www.usda.gov/agency/obpa/Budget-Summary/2000/text.html]
Commerce
[http://www.doc.gov/bmi/budget/bgtindex.htm]

---

CRS-20
Defense
[http://www.dtic.mil/comptroller/FY2000budget/]
Education
[http://www.ed.gov/offices/OUS/Budget00/]
Energy
[http://www.cfo.doe.gov/budget/00budget/index.htm]
Health and Human Services (HHS)
[http://www.hhs.gov/progorg/asmb/budget/fy2000.html]
Housing and Urban Development (HUD)[http://www.hud.gov/budget.html]
Interior
[http://www.doi.gov/budget/2000/index_for_2000.html]
Justice
[http://www.usdoj.gov/02organizations/02_3txt.html]
Labor
[http://www.dol.gov/dol/_sec/public/budget/main.htm]
! Social Security
[http://www.ssa.gov/budget/2000bud.htm]
State
[http://www.state.gov/www/budget/]
Transportation
[http://ostpxweb.dot.gov/budget/4budget.htm]
Treasury
[http://www.ustreas.gov/budget/00webbib.pdf]
! Internal Revenue Service
[http://www.irs.ustreas.gov/prod/news/index.html]
Veterans Affairs
[http://www.va.gov/pressrel/99bdgt.htm]
Presidential Action and Documents
11/23/99 — The White House received and the President is expected to sign
H.R. 3194, the Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY2000. The Consolidated
Appropriations covers the District of Columbia Appropriations, PAYGO adjustments,
and also enacts the following measures by cross-reference: (1) H.R. 3421,
Commerce-Justice-State-Judiciary Appropriations; (2) H.R. 3422, Foreign Operations
Appropriations; (3) H.R. 3423, Interior Appropriations; (4) H.R. 3424,
Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations; (5) H.R. 3425, Miscellaneous Appropriations;
(6) H.R. 3426, Balanced Budget Act of 1997 Amendments (Medicare); (7) H.R.
3427, State Department Authorizations; (8) H.R. 3428, Federal Milk Marketing
Orders; and (9) S. 1948, Intellectual Property and Communications Omnibus Reform
Act of 1999.

---

CRS-21
11/19/99 — President Clinton signs seventh Continuing Resolution, H.J. Res. 83,
providing funding for the government through 12/2/99 (midnight). (P.L. number not
yet assigned).
11/18/99 — Presidential document released on the Consolidated Appropriations
Act for FY2000. Overview of Key Victories and Remaining Issues.
[http://www.pub.whitehouse.gov/uri-res/I2R?urn:pdi://oma.eop.gov.us/1999/11/1
9/8.text.1]
11/18/99 — President Clinton signs sixth Continuing Resolution, H.J.Res. 80,
providing funding for the government through 11/18/99 (midnight). (P.L. number not
yet assigned).
11/10/99 — President Clinton signs fifth Continuing Resolution, H.J.Res. 78,
providing funding for the government through 11/17/99 (P.L. 106-94).
11/05/99 — President Clinton signs fourth Continuing Resolution, H.J.Res. 75,
Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2000, which provides
funding for the government through 11/10/99 at FY1999 funding levels (P.L. 106-
88).
10/29/99 — President Clinton signs third Continuing Resolution, H.J.Res. 73,
Making Further Continuing Appropriations For the Fiscal Year 2000, which provides
funding for the government through 11/5/99 at FY1999 funding levels (P.L.106-85).
10/28/99 — President Clinton announces a projected budget surplus of $123 billion
for FY1999, the largest dollar surplus in U.S. history. See White House Release at:
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/Work/102899.html]
10/21/99 — President Clinton signs second Continuing Resolution, H.J.Res. 71,
Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2000, which provides
funding for the government through 10/29/99 at FY1999 funding levels (P.L. 106-
75).
09/30/99 — President Clinton signs first Continuing Resolution, H.J.Res. 68,
Making Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2000 (P.L. 106-62). Remarks
made by the President are at:
[http://www.pub.whitehouse.gov/uri-res/I2R?urn:pdi://oma.eop.gov.us/1999/9/30/
16.text.1]
09/23/99 — President Clinton vetoes H.R. 2488, Financial Freedom Act of 1999. See
Congressional Legislative Action on page 1 for information on 9/23/99 Presidential
Veto Message.
08/25/99 — OMB Sequestration Update Report To the President and Congress For
Fiscal Year 2000 is released by Office of Management and Budget (OMB).
PDF: [http://www.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/]

---

CRS-22
— White House Fact Sheet, “The Republican Tax Bill Would Trigger
Automatic Cuts in Medicare and Other Vital Government Programs,” is released by
the White House Office of the Press Secretary.
[http://www.pub.whitehouse.gov/uri-res/I2R?urn:pdi://oma.eop.gov.us/1999/8/25/
2.text.1]
08/17/99 — President Clinton signs H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia
Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act 1999 (P.L. 106-51).
08/04/99 — Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers Statement “to announce the
introduction of new tools for Treasury’s management of the public debt to meet the
needs of a new era of surplus.”
[http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/ps42.htm]
06/30/99 — 1999 Federal Financial Management Status Report and Five-Year
Plan is released by Office of Management and Budget (OMB).
PDF: [http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/financial/99plan.pdf]
06/28/99 — Mid-Session Review released by Office of Management and Budget
(OMB). “The Administration now projects that the overall surplus for 1999 will be
$99 billion, the largest surplus ever in dollar terms, and the largest as a percentage of
GDP since 1951. The projections in this Review show the surplus growing to $142
billion in fiscal year 2000.”
PDF: [http://www.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/]
— President Clinton’s Remarks on the Budget Surplus released.
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/New/html/19990628.html]
05/21/99 — President Clinton signs H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act (P.L. 106-31).
02/03/99 — Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin Testimony before the Senate
Budget Committee on the President’s FY2000 Budget.
HTML: [http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/pr2926.htm]
2/04/99 — 1999 Economic Report of the President released. Message from the
President, CR, 2/04/99, p. S1254-55. GPO S/N is 040-000-00716-4, $19. Internet
access to the document is available through:
[http://www.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2000/maindown.html].
02/01/99 — President’s FY2000 Budget Documents released. For a description
of and access to the budget documents, supporting documents and spreadsheet files,
go to:
[http://www.gpo.gov/usbudget]
To search across budget documents on the Internet, go to:
[http://www.gpo.gov/omb/omb005.html]
Analytical Perspectives, FY2000, S/N 041-001-00513-7, $46
Budget of the U.S. Government—Appendix, FY2000, S/N 041-001-00512-9, $62
Budget of the U.S. Government, FY2000, S/N 041-001-00511-1, $30
Budget System and Concepts, FY2000, S/N 041-001-00516-1, $3
Budget on CD-ROM, Fiscal Year 2000, S/N 041-001-00517-0, $14
Citizen’s Guide to the Federal Budget, FY2000, S/N 041-001-00515-3, $3.25

---

CRS-23
Historical Tables, FY2000, S/N 041-001-00514-5, $23
Budget Information for States, FY2000, S/N not available
See also CRS Report 98-79C, Federal Funds: Tracking Their Geographic
Distribution, by James R. Riehl.
Supporting budget documents, also available on the Internet, include the Federal
Credit Supplement, Object Class Analysis, Object Class Analysis—Detail, and
Balances of Budget Authority. Also accessible are spreadsheet files in .wk1 and .wk4
formats. (One can hold down the shift key and click on the title to download the
spreadsheet file. The files can be viewed using most standard spreadsheet programs.)
Budget Amendments and Supplementals (OMB Budget Page)
[http://www.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2000/amndsup.html]
General Explanation of the Administration’s Revenue Proposals (also called the
“Green Book”). The PDF version is 200+ pages and covers health, education, child
care, revitalizing communities, energy efficiency and improving the environment,
retirement savings, extending expiring provisions, simplifying tax laws, miscellaneous
provisions, electricity restructuring, corporate tax shelters, financial products,
corporate provisions, provisions affecting pass-through entities, tax accounting, cost
recovery, insurance provisions, exempt organizations, estate and gift taxation,
international, pensions, compliance, miscellaneous, and other provisions that affect
receipts. Each section covers current law, reasons for change and the Administration’s
proposal.
[http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/grnbk99.htm]
01/19/99 — State of the Union Address and Background Material. Includes
transcript and audio and video access to the State of the Union address. Background
material covers the “millennium program, saving social security, livable communities,
preserving our lands, climate change initiatives, global economy, 21st century schools,
support for working families, health care and 21st century communities.”
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/SOTU99/]
Statements of Administration Policy (SAPs)
Statements and veto indicators on appropriations and non-appropriations legislation
that is scheduled for House or Senate floor action. Covers the 105th and 106th
Congresses and can be searched by bill number, appropriations legislation, or
Appropriation subcommittees.
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html]
White House Virtual Library
Access to press releases, press briefings, radio addresses, executive orders, remarks,
statements, fact sheets, letters to Congress, announcements of appointments, and
other documents released by the White House.
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/Welcome.html]

---

CRS-24
Where Can I Find ... on the Internet?
Appropriations Status, CRS Products, and Legislation
CRS status table of FY2000 appropriations bills:
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]
CRS Status Table of FY1999 Appropriations Bills:
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apver99.html]
CRS Products Covering Each of the 13 FY2000 Appropriation Bills:
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html]
CRS Products Covering Each of the 13 FY1999 Appropriation Bills:
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/fy99app.html]
Full-text FY1999, FY1998, and FY1997 Appropriation Bills, Reports, Laws:
[http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/legislation/99appro.html]
[http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/legislation/98appro.html]
[http://www.house.gov/appropriations/97bills.htm]
House and Senate Appropriations Committees Home Pages
[http://www.house.gov/appropriations/] and
[http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/]
Discretionary Appropriations (CBO). Estimates of discretionary appropriations
budget authority and outlays. (Located at the bottom of the CBO Home Page under
“Data Highlights.”)
[http://www.cbo.gov/]
Unauthorized Appropriations and Expiring Authorizations (CBO). “The purpose
of the report is to help the Congress adopt authorizing legislation that should be in
place before it considers the 13 regular appropriation bills for fiscal year 2000 (which
begins October 1, 1999).”
[http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1057&sequence=0&from=7]
Congressional Offices: Use Legislative Information Service (LIS) for access to
legislation and CRS analysis.
[http://www.congress.gov/]
Public: Use THOMAS.
[http://thomas.loc.gov/]
Library of Congress (LOC) Home Page
[http://www.loc.gov/]
Budget, Debt, and Surplus Data
! Budget Data
Budget Time Line
[http://www.senate.gov/~budget/republican/reference/cliff_notes/cliffape.htm]

---

CRS-25
Congressional Budget Process (CRS Budget Fact Sheets)
[http://lcweb.loc.gov/crs/legproc/newformat/CRSFactSheets/FactSheetNavigation
NF.html]
CRS Budget Resources Page
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/budget/budpage.html]
CRS Economics Page
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/economic/econweb.html]
Financial Management Service (U.S. Treasury)
Access to the Monthly Treasury Statement, Treasury Bulletin, and Annual Report of
the U.S. Government.
[http://www.fms.treas.gov/fmsnews.html]
Financial Statements of the U.S. Government
Access to federal financial statements for 1998 and prior years:
[http://www.financenet.gov/docsstmt/] and [http://fms.treas.gov/cfs/]
President’s Budget Documents
Economic Report of the President (Appendix B) contains extensive statistical tables
on the economy, employment, population, income, and government finance.
Historical Tables include detailed data on the budget, deficit, debt, composition of
receipts and outlays, and outlays by agency and by budget enforcement category
(mandatory and discretionary). Also included are outlays and budget authority by
function and subfunction, data on Social Security, Medicare, health, and government
employment. The Citizen’s Guide to the Budget is a good source for tables, charts,
and pie charts.
[http://www.gpo.gov/usbudget/]
To search across budget documents on the Internet, go to:
[http://www.gpo.gov/omb/omb005.html]
House and Senate Budget Committees Home Pages
[http://www.house.gov/budget/] and [http://www.senate.gov/~budget/]
Senate Budget Committee Majority Home Page, Budget Bulletins
[http://www.senate.gov/~budget/republican/index.html]
House Ways and Means Committee Home Page
Publishes the Green Book with background material and historical statistical data on
the major entitlement programs, and this site provides Internet access in text, PDF,
and book formats.
[http://www.house.gov/ways_means/]
Senate Finance Committee Home Page
[http://www.senate.gov/~finance/]
Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
[http://www.cbo.gov/]
General Accounting Office (GAO)
[http://www.gao.gov/]
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) [http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/]

---

CRS-26
! Debt
“Debt to the Penny.” The Bureau of the Debt provides daily and historical data:
[http://www.publicdebt.treas.gov/opd/opdpenny.htm]
The gross federal debt as of 11/29/1999 was $5,702,010,056,766.20
The debt as of 9/30/99, the end of FY1999, was $5,656,270,901,615.43.
The debt as of 12/31/98 was $5,614,217,021,195.87.
Debt Per Capita
To find the debt per capita, divide the debt by the population, using these two sites.
[http://www.publicdebt.treas.gov/opd/opdpenny.htm]
[http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/popclock]
Federal Debt: Who Bears Its Burdens? CRS Issue Brief 92049 contains a two-
page statistical table appendix showing federal debt, interest on the debt, deficits, and
outlays and receipts in billions of dollars and as a percentage of GDP from 1980 to
2003 projections.
Federal Debt: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions — An Update (GAO) is an
“ ... attempt to provide the information in a clear, concise and easily understandable
manner for a nontechnical audience.” GAO/OCG-99-27, 5/28/99.
ASCII and PDF: [http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/aces/aces160.shtml]
(Type “OCG-99-27" in Report Number Box.)
CRS Report 98-96, Budget Surpluses: Economic Effects of Debt Repayment, Tax
Cuts, or Spending: An Overview (6 p.) and CRS Report 98-346, Budget Surpluses:
Economic & Budget Effects of Using Them for Debt Repayment, Tax Cuts, or
Spending (full-length version of the Overview, 29 p.)
! Surpluses
Economic and Budget Outlook for Fiscal Years 2000-2009. Released by CBO on
1/29/99.
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1059&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1059&type=1]
Monthly Budget Review (CBO). Go to the end of the CBO Home Page to “Data
Highlights.”
[http://www.cbo.gov/]
CRS Report 98-96, Budget Surpluses: Economic Effects of Debt Repayment, Tax
Cuts, or Spending: An Overview (6 p.) and CRS Report 98-346, Budget Surpluses:
Economic and Budget Effects of Using Them for Debt Repayment, Tax Cuts, or
Spending (full-length version of the Overview, 29 p.).
CRS Issue Brief 92049, Federal Debt: Who Bears Its Burdens? Contains a two-
page statistical table appendix showing federal debt, interest on the debt,
surplus/deficits, and outlays and receipts in billions of dollars and as a percentage of
GDP from 1980 to 2003 projections.

---

CRS-27
FY1998 Surplus. On September 30, 1998, President Clinton announced a projected
budget surplus of $70 billion for FY1998, the largest dollar surplus in U.S. history.
[http://www.pub.whitehouse.gov/uri-res/I2R?urn:pdi://oma.eop.gov.us/1998/9/30/
8.text.1] and
[http://www.pub.whitehouse.gov/uri-res/I2R?urn:pdi://oma.eop.gov.us/1998/9/30/
7.text.1]
Surplus Projections. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO), an agency of
Congress, and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), an executive branch
agency, are the two government agencies which issue federal surplus/deficit
projections. These projections are included in the CBO publications the Economic
and Budget Outlook with updates, and its Monthly Budget Review. OMB projections
are found in the President’s budget documents and in its Mid-Session Review.
[http://www.cbo.gov]
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/budget/index.html]
Deficits/Surpluses: Balanced Budgets—Historical. The last time, before FY1998,
that there was a balanced budget or budget surplus, when receipts exceeded outlays,
was FY1969 with a $3,242,000,000 surplus. Prior to FY1977, federal fiscal years
began on July 1, and ended on June 30. President Lyndon Johnson was in office when
FY1969 began on July 1, 1968, and President Richard Nixon began his term on
January 20, 1969.
CRS Budget Process Institutes
CRS offers introductory and advanced seminars designed to provide a foundation for
understanding the federal budget process. Seminars include an Overview of the
Federal Budget Process, Budget Resolutions and Reconciliation, the Appropriations
Process, and the President and the Budget.
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/briefing.html#budget]
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/invite.html]
Cost Estimates of Legislation (CBO)
“CBO prepares cost estimates and mandates statements for all bills ordered reported
by a full committee of the Congress ... Unless listed separately, intergovernmental
and private-sector mandates statements for each bill are included in the cost estimate.”
Search by bill number, word or phrase, committee, or budget function.
[http://www.cbo.gov/cost.shtml]
Glossaries of Appropriations and Budget Terms
[http://www.senate.gov/~budget/republican/reference/cliff_notes/cliffapi.htm]
Income and Poverty
[http://www.census.gov/ftp/pub/hhes/income/histinc/index.html]

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CRS-28
Locating Agencies, Departments, and Programs in Appropriation
Bills
“I’m looking for a particular program, but I don’t know which appropriation bill it’s
in.” Indexes for finding specific entities in the 13 appropriation bills can be consulted
at:
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appprogs.html]
[http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/jurisd.htm]
Performance Plans
Information on executive departments annual performance plans required by the
Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (P.L. 103-62) to be filed with the
department’s Fiscal Year 2000 budget request are available at:
[http://www.govexec.com/reinvent/results/plans.htm]
Pie Charts, Graphs, and Tables
The Federal Dollar—Where It Comes From and Where It Goes
Includes charts and tables covering budget, deficit, debt, and economic data
[http://www.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2000/guidect.html]
Financial Report to the Citizens. Released by the Financial Management Service,
Department of the Treasury, 4/5/99. Includes an “easy-to-understand report on
Federal finances ...” Contains charts and graphs presenting budgetary and economic
data.
[http://www.fms.treas.gov/citizensreport/index.html]
Economic and Social Statistics Briefing Rooms (Charts and Graphs)
Current economic and social statistics. Click on the graphic to enlarge it.
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/fsbr/esbr.html]
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/fsbr/ssbr.html]
Statements of Administration Policy (SAPs)
Statements and veto indicators on appropriations and non-appropriations legislation
scheduled for House or Senate floor action. Covers the 105th and 106th Congresses
and can be searched by bill number, by appropriations legislation, or by Appropriation
subcommittees.
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html]
Statistics
Fedstats
Federal statistics from 70 agencies searchable by keywords, subjects, agencies, and
an A-Z index. Regional statistics also available.
[http://www.fedstats.gov]
Economic and Social Statistics Briefing Rooms (Charts and Graphs)
Current economic and social statistics. Click on the graphic to enlarge it.
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/fsbr/esbr.html]
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/fsbr/ssbr.html]

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CRS-29
Economic Clock (Census)
A-Z subject index includes the most recent economic, unemployment, income, and
poverty data.
[http://www.census.gov/econ/www/]
University of Michigan Statistics Center
Comprehensive coverage of national and international statistics.
[http://www.lib.umich.edu/libhome/Documents.center/stats.html]
Dismal Scientist
National, state, and local economic data, definitions, and analysis.
[http://www.dismal.com/]
White House
Today’s Press Releases (Briefing Room)
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/Welcome.html]
Recently Released White House Documents
[http://www.pub.whitehouse.gov/WH/Publications/html/Publications-plain.html]
White House Documents by Category
[http://www1.ai.mit.edu/search/white-house-publications]
White House Virtual Library [http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/Welcome.html]
Cabinet
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/Cabinet/html/cabinet_links.html]
Federal Agencies and Commissions
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/Independent_Agencies/html/independent_links.h
tml]
White House Offices and Agencies
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/EOP/html/EOP_org.html]
Commonly Requested Federal Services
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/Services/]
Statements of Administration Policy (SAPs)
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html]
Addresses and Phone Numbers
Appropriations Committee, House, (202) 225-2771, H-218 Capitol Building,
Washington, D.C. 20515-6015
Appropriations Committee, Senate, (202) 224-3471, S-128 Capitol Building,
Washington, D.C. 20510-6025

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CRS-30
Budget Committee, House, (202) 226-7270, 309 Cannon House Office Building,
Washington, D.C. 20515-6065
Budget Committee, Senate, (202) 224-0642, 621 Dirksen Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C. 20510-6100
Bureau of the Census, Publications: (301) 457-4100, Federal Center, Suitland, MD
20233
Bureau of the Public Debt, (202) 219-3302, 999 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.
20239-0001
Congressional Budget Office (CBO), Publications: (202) 226-2809, 410 Ford
House Office Building, Washington, D.C. 20515
Federal Reserve, Publications: (202) 452-3245, 20th and Constitution Avenue, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20551
General Accounting Office (GAO), Publications: Congressional offices: (202)
512-5388
Public: (202) 512-6000, P.O. Box 6015, Gaithersburg, MD 20884-6015
Government Printing Office (GPO), Publications: (202) 512-1800 or (202)
512-1808
Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954
Joint Committee on Taxation, (202) 225-3621, 1015 Longworth House Office
Building, Washington, D.C. 20515-6675
Office of Management and Budget (OMB), (202) 395-3000, Old Executive Office
Building, 17th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20503
Treasury Department, Publications: (202) 622-2970, 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue,
N.W., Washington, D.C. 20220
White House, Publications: (202) 395-7332, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue,
Washington, D.C. 20505
For Additional Reading
CRS Budget Fact Sheets
[http://lcweb.loc.gov/crs/legproc/newformat/CRSFactSheets/FactSheetNavigation
NF.html]
CRS Issue Briefs
CRS Issue Brief IB10017, The Budget for Fiscal Year 2000, by Philip D. Winters.

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CRS-31
CRS Issue Brief 93054, The Debt Limit, by Philip D. Winters.
CRS Issue Brief 92049, Federal Debt: Who Bears Its Burdens?, by William Cox.
CRS Reports
CRS Report RL30200, Appropriations for FY2000: An Overview, by Mary Frances
Bley.
CRS Report 98-346, Budget Surpluses: Economic and Budget Effects of Using Them
for Debt Repayment, Tax Cuts or Spending (full-length version of overview
listed below), by William Cox.
CRS Report 98-96, Budget Surpluses: Economic Effects of Debt Repayment, Tax
Cuts, or Spending: An Overview, by William Cox.
CRS Report 98-199, Budget FY1999: A Chronology with Internet Access, by Mary
Frances Bley.
CRS Report RS20317, CBO and JCT Estimates of the Effect of H.R. 2488 on Budget
Surpluses: A Fact Sheet, by Sylvia Morrison.
CRS Report 97-684, Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction, by
Sandy Streeter.
CRS Report RS20078, Congressional Budget Office: Appointment and Tenure of the
Director, by Robert Keith and Mary Frances Bley.
CRS Report RS20095, The Congressional Budget Process: A Brief Overview, by
James V. Saturno.
CRS Report RL30297, Congressional Budget Resolutions: Selected Statistics and
Information Guide, by Bill Heniff, Jr.
CRS Report RL30343, Continuing Appropriations Acts: Brief Overview of Recent
Practices, by Sandy Streeter.
CRS Report RL30329, Current Economic Conditions and Selected Forecasts, by
Gail E. Makinen.
CRS Report RL30002, Defense Budget Primer, by Mary T. Tyszkiewicz and Stephen
Daggett.
CRS Report RL30239, Economic Forecasts and the Budget, by Brian W. Cashell.
CRS Report RS20403, FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Reference Guide,
by Robert Keith.
CRS Report RL30236, H.R. 853, The Comprehensive Budget Process Reform Act:
Summary of Provisions, by James V. Saturno.

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CRS-32
CRS Report 98-721, Introduction to the Federal Budget Process, by Robert Keith.
CRS Report RS20161, Kosovo Military Operations: Costs and Congressional Action
on Funding, by Stephen Daggett.
CRS Report 98-720, Manual on the Federal Budget Process, by Robert Keith.
CRS Report RS20107, Middle East: U.S. Foreign Aid — Wye Agreement Funding
and the Request for FY2000, by Clyde Mark.
CRS Report RS20350, Off-Budget Status of Federal Entities: Background and
Current Proposals, by Bill Heniff.
CRS Report RS20302, Paying Down the Federal Debt: A Discussion of Methods,
by James M. Bickley.
CRS Report RL30223, Presidential Rescission Authority: Efforts to Modify the 1974
Framework, by Virginia A. McMurtry.
CRS Report RL30339, Preventing Federal Government Shutdowns: Proposals for
an Automatic Continuing Resolution, by Robert Keith.
CRS Report RL30044, Proposed Budget Process Reforms in the Senate: A Brief
Analysis of Senate Resolutions 4, 5, 6, and 8, by James V. Saturno.
CRS Report 98-844, Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Effects, and
Process, by Sharon S. Gressle.
CRS Report 98-422, Social Security and the Federal Budget: What Does Social
Security’s Being “Off Budget” Mean?, by David Stuart Koitz.
CRS Report RS20165, The Social Security “Lock Box,” by David Stuart Koitz.
CRS Report RL30138, Social Security Reform: Bills in the 106th Congress, by David
Stuart Koitz.
CRS Report 95-206, Social Security’s Treatment Under the Federal Budget: A
Summary, by David Stuart Koitz.
CRS Report RL30083, Supplemental Appropriations for FY1999: Central America
Disaster Aid, Middle East Peace, and Other Initiatives, by Larry Nowels.
CRS Report RS20065, Surpluses and Federal Debt, by Philip D. Winters.
CRS Report RS20182, Suspension of Budget Enforcement Procedures During
Hostilities Abroad, by Robert Keith.

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