97-26 L
CRS Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
Public Speaking and Speechwriting:
Selected References
December 20, 1996
Jean M. Bowers
Information Resource Specialist, Government and Law
Library Services Division
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

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Public Speaking and Speechwriting: Selected References
Summary
This bibliography lists books and articles which offer advice on the presentation
of a speech and provide materials from which to develop a speech. It includes how-to
manuals, examples and critiques of great speeches, and anthologies of quotations and
humorous stories for use in speechwriting. The last section is a listing of materials
prepared by CRS which might help to prepare the speaker for specific occasions and
holidays.
Books listed are selected from the Library of Congress Computerized files and
a few articles have been selected from the CRS Public Policy Literature file.
Congressional staff may request copies of items listed by calling 5-5700 or FAX (7-
6745). Because of limited photocopy resources, please limit items requested to 10.
Other users should contact a local public or university library.

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Contents
I. Public Speaking: Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
II. Speechwriting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
A. Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
B. Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1. Famous speakers and speeches: text and analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2. Directories of Quotations and Humor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. CRS Prepared Info Packs for holiday speechgiving . . . . . . . . . . . 11

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Public Speaking and Speechwriting: Selected
References
I. Public Speaking: Method
Axon, David E. Stine, Richard L.
The public speaking process: computer-assisted speech organization and
development. Fort Worth, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1993.
381 p.
PN4121.A85 1993
Ayres, Joe. Miller, Janice.
Effective public speaking. Madison, Wis. W. C. Brown, 1994. 349 p.
PN4121.A9 1994
Blake, Cecil A.
Public speaking: a twenty-first century perspective. Dubuque, Iowa,
Kendall/Hunt, 1995. 346 p.
PN4121.B525 1995
Bordeaux, Jean. Allen, Roberta.
How to talk more effectively. [Chicago] American School, 1993. 239 p.
PN4121.B545 1993
Boyd, Kathy.
Accept no limitations. Glendora, CA, Royal Pub., 347 p. 1995.
PN4121.A34 1995
Breaden, Barbara L.
Speaking to persuade. Fort Worth, TX, Harcourt Brace College, 1996. 274 p.
PN4181.B695 1996
Carlile, Clark Stites.
38 basic speech experiences. Topeka, Kan., Clark Pub., 1993. 218 p.

PN4121.C24 1993
DeVito, Joseph A.
The elements of public speaking. New York, Longman, 1997. 486 p.
PN4121.D389 1997
Hamilton, Cheryl.
Successful public speaking. Belmont, Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1996. 432 p.
PN4121.H19 1996
Includes section on persuasive speaking.

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CRS-2
Harlan, Ray.
The confident speaker: how to master fear and persuade an audience.
Bradenton, Fla., McGuinn & McGuire Pub., 1993. 274 p.
PN4121.H262 1993
Hasling, John.
The audience, the message, the speaker. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1993. 224
p.
PN4121.H267 1993
Hilton, Jack C.
How to meet the press: a survival guide. Champaign, Ill., Sagamore Pub., 1990.
200 p.
PN4193.P73H54 1990
How to become an effective speaker. Ramsey, NJ, Alexander Hamilton Institute,
1995. 208 p.
PN4121.H588 1995
Humes, James C.
The Sir Winston method: the five secrets of speaking the language of leadership.
New York, Quill/William Morrow, 1993. 189 p.
PN4121.H858 1993
Kearney, Patricia.
Public speaking in a diverse society. Mountain View, Calif, Mayfield Pub. Co.,
1996. 481 p.
PN4121.K3375 1996
Klepper, Michael M.
I’d rather die than give a speech. Secaucus, N.J., Carol Pub. Group, 1995. 177
p.
PN4121.K662 1995
Maloney, Stephen R.
Speaker’s portable answer book. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice Hall, 1993.
292 p.
PN4121.M3185 1993
Metcalfe, Sheldon.
Building a speech. Fort Worth, Tex., Harcourt Press, 1994. 484 p.
PN4121.M5525 1994
Milton, Hal.
Going public: a practical guide to developing personal charisma. Deerfield
Beach, Fla. Health Communications, 1995. 147 p.
PN4121.M5625 1995
Public speaking; acting.
Mira, Thomas K.
Speak now, or forever fall to pieces. 1st ed. New York, Random House, 1995.
161 p.
PN4121.M5655 1955
Nadeau, Ray E.
Speaking effectively in public settings: a modern rhetoric with a traditional base.
Lanham, Md., University Press of America, 1993. 277 p. PN4121.N243 1993

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CRS-3
Payne, James. Carlin, Diana Prentice.
Getting started in public speaking. Lincolnwood, Ill., National Textbook Co.,
1994. 128 p.
PN4121.P317 1994
Pearce, Terry.
Leading out loud: the authentic speaker, the credible leader. 1st ed. San
Francisco; Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1995. 174 p.
HD57.7.P4 1995
Powers, John H.
Public speaking: the lively art. New York, Harper Collins College Publishers,
1994. 455 p.
PN4121.P647 1994
Roan, Carol.
Speak easy: a guide to successful performances, presentations, speeches, and
lectures. Washington, D.C. Starrhill Press, 1995. 96 p.
PN4121.R58 1995
Schriner, Brian.
Public speaking: a traditional approach in a modern world. Needham Heights,
MA. Simon & Schuster Custom Pub., 1996. 247 p.
PN4121.S2866 1996
The Speech: a guide to effective speaking. By the faculty in effective speaking at
Cazenovia College. Dubuque, Iowa, Kendall/Hunt, 1993. 84 p.
PN4121.S752 1993
Sprague, Jo.
The speaker’s handbook. 4th ed. Fort Worth, Harcourt Brace, 1996. 457 p.
PN4121.S777 1996
Successful speech. Edited by Michelle Bailey, Ted Scutti and Frank Irizarry. Taos,
NM, CDE, 1995. 261 p.
PN4121.S8346 1996
Compilation of essays by speech educators.
Thorek, Philip.
Open your mouth but don’t say “ah!”: RX for public speaking. New York,
Igaku-Shoin, 1994. 70 p.
PN4121.T535 1994
Verderber, Rudolph F.
The challenge of effective speaking. Belmont, Calif., Wadsworth Pub. Co.,
1997. 488 p.
PN4121.V4 1997
Walters, Lillet.
Secrets of successful speakers: how you can motivate, captivate, and persuade.
New York, McGraw-Hill, 1993. 216 p.
PN4121.W327 1993
Wilder, Claudyne.
The presentations kit: 10 steps for selling your ideas. New York, Wiley, 1994.
294 p.
PN4121.W386 1994

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CRS-4
Wolvin, Andrew D.
The public speaker, the public listener. Boston, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1993.
300 p.
PN4121.W535 1993
Zarefsky, David.
Public speaking: strategies for success. Needham Heights, MA, Allyn and
Bacon, 1996. 511 p.
PN4121.Z37 1996
Author is a professor at Northwestern University.
II. Speechwriting
A. Method
Cook, Jeff Scott.
The elements of speechwriting and public speaking. New York, Collier Books,
1991. 242 p.
PN4142.C66 1991
Dance, Frank E. X.
Speaking your mind: private thinking and public speaking. 2nd ed. Dubuque,
Iowa, Kendall/Hunt, 1996. 356 p.
PN4121.D336 1996
Speech preparation and delivery.
Detz, Joan.
How to write and give a speech: a practical guide for executives, PR people,
managers, fund-raisers, politicians, educators, and anyone who has to make
every word count. New York, St. Martin’s Press, 1992. 204 p.
PN4121.D388 1992
Ehrlich, Henry.
Writing effective speeches. New York, Paragon House, 1992. 214 p.
PN4142.E37 1992
Germer, Fawn.
Are quotes sacred? American journalism review, v. 17, Sept. 1995: 34-37.
LRS95-8480
“Some journalists say it’s fine to `improve’ quotations as long as the
meaning isn’t changed. Others argue that the practice is dishonest.”
Gilman, Andrew.
Get to the point: how to say what you mean and get what you want. Dubuque,
Iowa, Kendall/Hunt, 1995. 244 p.
PN4121.G4585 1995
Message suggestions and speech delivery.
Gotschall, Mary G.
The lost art of speechmaking. Campaigns & elections, v. 14, June-July 1993:
48-49.
LRS93-4855
“Four veteran wordsmiths reveal the secrets of writing and delivering
effective speeches.”

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CRS-5
Merrill, Norman W.
Who was that woman I didn’t see you with last night? New England journal of
public policy, v. 6, fall-winter 1990: 61-76.
LRS90-11666
Presents a short history of negative campaigning in America.
Miller, N. Edd. Boyd, Stephen.
Public speaking: a practical handbook. Bloomington Ind., Tichenor Pub. Group,
1989. 148 p.
PN4121.M5568 1989
Minnick, Dale L.
Speaking without fear. Woodward, OK, 1995. 196 p.
PN4121.M56287 1995
Speechwriting and delivery.
Outzs, Lori L.
A principled use of congressional floor speeches in statutory interpretation.
Columbia journal of law and social problems, v. 28, winter 1995: 297-338.
LRS95-2700
Comment “suggests that floor statements, which are crucial pieces of
legislative history for federal statutes, be used in a principled manner that
analyzes the role of the statement’s speaker and the context of the statement.
The Author demonstrates this interpretational method through a review of the
opinions of Justices Brennan and Rehnquist in United Steelworkers of America
v. Weber. The Author recommends . . . that the Congress amend its record-
keeping procedures to facilitate this usage.”
Pendleton, Winston K.
Speaker’s handbook of successful openers and closers. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.,
Prentice-Hall, 1984. 261 p.
PN4193.I5P44 1984
Samples of opening and closing statements.
Political images.
State government news, v. 36, July 1993: 15-29.
LRS93-6449
Contents.—The positive side of negative advertising: campaigns can be
won by exposing an opponent’s weak points, by Greg Stevens.—Swiss cheese
journalism: the outlook is bleak for expanding statehouse coverage, by Doris A.
Graber.—Doubts about doublespeak: confusion, not communication, is the point
of this art, by William Lutz.—Statehouse news: how to turn the media’s
attention to issues of substance, by David Yepsen.—Mixed messages: the
language of politics is not all that it appears, by Julie C. Olberding.
Rackleff, Robert B.
The art of speech writing. Vital speeches of the day, v. 54, Mar. 1, 1988: 311-
314.
LRS88-15546
A speech on the steps to writing a good speech.
Sellers, Jim.
Speeches that leave them speechless. State government news, v. 37, no. 6, June
1994: 11-14.
LRS94-5786
“A great speech appeals to your imagination as well as your ear.”

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CRS-6
Strother, David B.
The quality of expression: a guide to practical criticism. Dubuque, Iowa,
Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1990. 104 p.
PN4121.S8328 1990
University of Kansas. Communication Studies Dept.
Virtual presentation assistant [online] (as of Dec. 5, 1996). available internet:
http://www.ukans.edu/cwis/units/coms2/vpa/vpa.htm
LRS96-7948
Contents.—Determining your purpose.—Selecting your
topic.—Researching your topic.—Analyzing your audience.—Supporting your
points.—Outlining your points.—Using visual aids.—Presenting your speech.
Reference material on the Internet for which CRS is providing an address only.
B. Research
1. Famous speakers and speeches: text and analyses
American orators before 1900: critical studies and sources. Edited by Bernard K.
Duffy and Halford R. Ryan. New York, Greenwood Press, 1987. 481 p.
PN4055.U5A4 1987
American public discourse: a multicultural perspective. Lanham, Md., University
Press of America, 1992. 328 p.
E184.A1A6365 1992
Includes speeches by Native American females, males, African American
females and males, Mexican American females and males and White American
females.
Bochin, Hal.
Richard Nixon: rhetorical stategist. New York, Greenwood Press, 1990. 223
p.
E856.B58 1990
Braude, Jacob Morton.
Complete speaker’s and toastmaster’s library. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice
Hall, 1992.
PN4121.B68 1992
Speech material by subject.
Contemporary American public discourse: a collection of speeches and critical essays
by Halford Ross Ryan. Prospect Heights, Ill., Waveland Press, 1992. 384 p.
PS668.C58 1992
Fleser, Arthur F.
A rhetorical study of the speaking of Calvin Coolidge. Lewistown, N.Y., E.
Mellen Press, 1990. 118 p.
E792.F54 1990
Friedenberg, Robert V.
Theodore Roosevelt and the rhetoric of militant decency. New York,
Greenwood Press, 1990. 209 p.
E757.F84 1990
Theodore Roosevelt: presidential messages.

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CRS-7
Gelderman, Carol.
All the Presidents’ words. Wilson quarterly, v. 19, spring 1995: 68-79.
LRS95-3775
Goldzwig, Steven R. Dionisopoulos, George N.
In a perilous hour: the public address of John F. Kennedy. Westport, Conn.,
Greenwood Press, 1995. 219 p.
E842.1.G65 1995
The Great American priorities. Edited by George L. Berg, Jr. Lanham, Md.,
University Press of America, 1992. 364 p.
E839.5.G74 1992
Collects “speeches on a variety of subjects, ranging from agriculture to
refugees, and from youth to patriotism.”
Great American speeches. Edited, with introduction by Gregory R. Suriano. New
York, Gramercy Books, 1993. 308 p.
E183.G68 1993
Great speeches for criticism and analysis. Selected by Lloyd E. Rohler and Roger
Cook. Greenwood, Ind., Alister Press, 1988. 336 p.
PS668.G74 1988
Kinds of speeches included: campaign, rally, political, national crises,
defense, legislative, ceremonial.
The Great thoughts. Compiled by George Seldes. Foreword by Henry Steele
Commager. Rev. and updated. New York, Ballantine books, 1996. 543 p.
PN6081.G636 1996
“From Abelard to Zula, from ancient Greece to contemporary America, the
ideas that have shaped the history of the world.”
Lend me your ears: great speeches in history. Selected and introduced by William
Safire. 1st ed. New York, Norton, 1992. 957 p.
PN6122.L4 1992
McCants, David A.
Patrick Henry, the orator. New York, Greenwood Press, 1990. 172 p.
E302.6.H5M37 1990
The Modern presidency and crisis rhetoric. Edited by Amis Kiewe. Westport, Conn.,
Praeger, 1994. 246 p.
JK518.M64 1994
Looks at presidential discourse with examples from several administrations.
Oratory in the Old South, 1828-1860. Prepared under the auspices of the Speech
Association of America. Edited by Waldo W. Braden. Baton Rouge, Louisiana
State University Press, 1970. 311 p.
PS407.07
Peterson, Houston.
A treasury of the world’s great speeches. Each speech prefaced with its
dramatic and biographical setting and placed in its full historical perspective.
New York, Simon and Schuster, 1965. 866 p.
PN6121.P4 1965

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CRS-8
Representative American speeches, 1991-1992. Edited by Owen Peterson. New
York, H.W. Wilson Co., 1992. 216 p.
LRS92-14449
Seventeen speeches on current events and issues.
The Rhetoric of struggle: public address by African American women. Edited by
Robbie Jean Walker. New York, Garland, 1992. 445 p. PS663.N4R47 1992
Text of speeches.
Short, Brant.
The rhetoric of the post-Presidency: Herbert Hoover’s campaign against the
New Deal, 1934-1936. Presidential studies quarterly, v. 21, spring 1991: 333-
350.
LRS91-3699
“In evaluating Hoover’s campaign against the New Deal, this case study
will examine the rhetorical dimensions of the post-presidency in American
political debate.”
Smith, Craig Allen. Smith, Kathy B.
The White House speaks: presidential leadership as persuasion. Westport,
Conn., Praeger, 1994. 263 p.
JK518.S583 1994
“This book takes Richard Neustadt’s dictum that presidential power is the
power to persuade and Jeffrey Tulis’s description of The Rhetorical Presidency
seriously enough to argue that we can profitably study presidential leadership
rhetorically.”
Speeches of the American presidents. Edited by Janet Podell and Steven Anzovin.
New York, H.W. Wilson Co., 1988. 820 p.
J81.C88 1988
Springen, Donald K.
William Jennings Bryan: orator of small-town America. New York, Greenwood
Press, 1991. 194 p. (Great American orators, 0898-8277; no. 11)
E664.B87S67 1991
Talbott, Frederick.
Churchill on courage: timeless wisdom for persevering. Nashville, Tenn.
Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1996. 1 v (unpaged)
DA566.9C5 T25 1996
Vallin, Marlene Boyd.
Mark Twain: protagonist for the popular culture. Westport, Conn., Greenwood
Press, 1992. 184 p.
PS1338.V35 1993
After the Civil War, Americans witnessed an age known for its “silver-
tongued oratory”, Mark Twain was such a nineteenth-century speaker. Includes
speeches.
Voices of multicultural America: notable speeches delivered by African, Asian,
Hispanic, and Native Americans, 1790-1995. Deborah G. Straub, editor. New
York, Gale Research, 1996. 1372 p.
PS663.M55 V64 1996

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CRS-9
Waggenspack, Beth Marie.
The search for self-sovereignty: the oratory of Elizabeth Cady Stanton. New
York, Greenwood Press, 1989. 204 p. (Great American orators, 0898-8277;
no.4)
HQ1426.W33 1989
Women orators.
Wisdom of the great chiefs: the classic speeches of Red Jacket, Chief Joseph, and
Chief Seattle. Collected and with introductions by Kent Nerburn. San Rafael,
Calif., New World Library, 1994.
E98.07W57 1994
Indian orators.
Women public speakers in the United States, 1925-1993: a bio-critical sourcebook.
Edited by Karlyn Kohrs Campbell. Westport, Conn., Greenwood Press, 1994.
491 p.
HQ1412.W68 1994
Includes quotations by famous American women.
2. Directories of Quotations and Humor
The Athena treasury: 101 inspiring quotations by women. Edited by Marty Maskall.
Fair Oaks, Calif., Attitude Works Pub. Co., 1993. 111 p.
PN6081.5.A84 1993
Bartlett, John.
Familiar quotations: passages, phrases, and proverbs traced to their sources
[online] (as of Dec. 6, 1996). Available Internet:
http://www.cc.columbia.edu/acis/bartleby/bartlett/.
LRS96-7949
Copyright 1995-1996. Older quotations to 1871. Reference material on
the Internet.
—— Familiar quotations: a collection of passages, phrases, and proverbs traced to
their sources in ancient and modern literature. Boston, Little, Brown, 1992.
1405 p.
PN6081.B27 1992
Blakely, James “Doc”
How the platform professionals keep’em laughin’. Houston, Tex., Rich Pub.
Co., 1987. 294 p.
PN4121.H587 1987
How to develop and present a humorous speech. Over 2000 jokes and
stories.
Bushisms. Compiled by Jonathan Bines, Andrew Sullivan and Jacob Weisberg. New
York, N.Y., Workman Pub., 1992. 87 p.
E838.5.B872 1992
Cohen, J. M.
The Penguin dictionary of twentieth-century quotations. London; New York,
Penguin Books, 1995. 628 p.
PN6081.C548 1995
Famous Black quotations. Edited, selected, and compiled by Janet Cheatham Bell.
New York, Warner Books, 1995.
PN6081.3.F36 1995

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CRS-10
Hatlen, Theodore W.
You’re on!: a speaker’s handbook plus one thousand quips and jokes. Santa
Barbara, Calif., Dorcas Press, 1993. 292 p.
PN4193.I5H38 1993
Humes, James C.
More podium humor: using wit and humor in every speech you make. New
York, HarperPerennial, 1993. 244 p.
PN4193.I5H79 1993
Humorous quotations. Compiled by Des MacHale. Cork: Mercier Press, 1994. 221
p.
PN6084.H8 H8 1994
Short section of political quotations.
Letterman, David.
David Letterman’s new book of top ten lists and wedding dress patterns for the
husky bride. New York, Bantam Books, 1996. 160 p.
PN6162.L378 1996
Margolis, Jon.
The quotable Bob Dole: witty, wise, and otherwise. New York, Avon Books,
1996. 154 p.
E840.8D64 A25 1996
McFadyean, Melanie.
Thatcher’s reign: a bad case of the blues. London, Chatto & Windus, 1984. 128
p.
DA591.T47M43 1984
The Merriam-Webster dictionary of quotations. Springfield, Mass., Merriam-
Webster, 1992. 501 p.
PN6081.M494 1992
Native wisdom. Edited by Joseph Bruchac. San Francisco, HarperSanFrancisco,
1995.
E98.P5N383 1995
Indian quotations.
Mr. Kaplan, tear down this wall: Bartlett’s missing quotations. Policy review, no. 66,
fall 1993: 4-19.
LRS93-8872
Objects to the apparent omission of quotations by Ronald Reagan and other
conservatives in the new 16th edition of Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations, edited
by Justin Kaplan. “Policy Review here offers a sampling of conservative
quotations from the past 50 years that ought to be considered for Bartlett’s
17th.”
Powell, Colin L.
In his own words. 1st ed. New York, Berkley Pub. Group, 1995.
E840.5.P68 A25 1995
May not be in LC.
Prochnow, Hebert Victor.
Speaker’s and toastmaster’s handbook. Rocklin, Calif., Prima Pub., 1992. 357
p.
PN4193.I5P717 1992

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CRS-11
Respectfully quoted: a dictionary of quotations requested from the Congressional
Research Service. Washington, Library of Congress, for sale by the Supt. of
Docs., G.P.O., 1992. 520 p.
PN601.R435.992
The 2100 quotations in this book are drawn from the Quotation File created
and maintained by the Congressional Reference Division for use in the
Congressional Reading Room of the Library of Congress. Covering a variety of
subjects of interest to Members of Congress, they include quotation citations
that have been requested over and over again. Copies of this book are kept in
all congressional reference centers.
Strupp, Jim.
Revolution song: Thomas Jefferson’s legacy. Summit, N.J., Ashland Press,
1992. 126 p.
E332.2.S86 1992
Sunbeams: a book of quotations. Edited by Sy Safransky. Berkeley, Calif., North
Atlantic Books, 1990. 159 p.
PN6081.S78 1990
Wilstach, Frank Jenners.
A dictionary of similes. Detroit, Omnigraphics, 1990. 578 p.
PN6084.S5W5 1990
Winokur, Jon.
Friendly advice. New York, Plume, 1992. 300 p.
PN6083.W56 1992
The Wit & wisdom of politics. Collected, compiled, and arranged by Charles
Henning. Golden, Colo., Fulcrum, 1992. 306 p.
PN6288.P6W57 1992
3. CRS Prepared Info Packs for holiday speechgiving
Speech material: Abraham Lincoln’s and George Washington’s birthdays; info pack.
Updated as needed.
IP373A
Speech material: Fourth of July; info pack. Updated as needed.
IP377F
Speech material: graduation; info pack. Updated as needed.
IP379S
Speech material: Labor Day; info pack. Updated as needed.
IP374L
Speech material: Martin Luther King’s Birthday; info pack. Updated as needed.
IP372M
Speech material: Memorial Day; info pack. Updated as needed.
IP376M
Speech material: Thanksgiving Day; info pack. Updated as needed.
IP381T

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